FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Steenkamp, ET Coutinho, TA Desjardins, AE Wingfield, BD Marasas, WFO Wingfield, MJ AF Steenkamp, E. T. Coutinho, T. A. Desjardins, A. E. Wingfield, B. D. Marasas, W. F. O. Wingfield, M. J. TI Gibberella fujikuroi mating population E is associated with maize and teosinte SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Isolates of Fusarium subglutinans mating population E are usually found on maize. This fungus forms part of the so-called Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Previously, F. subglutinans has been associated with two additional mating populations (B and H) and a variety of plant hosts. This was mainly due to a lack of diagnostic morphological characters, but the use of DNA sequence information showed that the strains making up mating populations B, E and H, as well as those associated with the different plant hosts, represent separate species. Recently, another putative mating population has been reported on the wild teosinte relatives of maize. Based on sexual compatibility studies, these isolates were apparently closely related to the pitch canker fungus, F. subglutinans f.sp. pini (= F. circinatum; G. fujikuroi mating population H). The aim of the current study was to determine whether the population of F. sub-glutinans from teosinte constitutes a new or an existing lineage within the G. fujikuroi complex. For this purpose, portions of the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA, calmodulin and beta-tubulin genes from the fungi were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses and comparison with sequences from public domain databases indicated that the F. subglutinans isolates from teosinte are most closely related to strains of G. fujikuroi mating population E. These results were confirmed using sexual compatibility studies. The putative mating population from the wild relatives of maize therefore forms part of the existing E-mating population and does not constitute a new lineage in the G. fujikuroi species complex. C1 [Steenkamp, E. T.; Coutinho, T. A.; Wingfield, B. D.; Wingfield, M. J.] Univ Pretoria, FABI, Dept Genet, Tree Pathol Cooperat Programme, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Steenkamp, E. T.; Coutinho, T. A.; Wingfield, B. D.; Wingfield, M. J.] Univ Pretoria, FABI, Dept Microbiol, Tree Pathol Cooperat Programme, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Steenkamp, E. T.; Coutinho, T. A.; Wingfield, B. D.; Wingfield, M. J.] Univ Pretoria, FABI, Dept Plant Pathol, Tree Pathol Cooperat Programme, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Desjardins, A. E.] USDA, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Marasas, W. F. O.] MRC, PROMEC, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. RP Steenkamp, ET (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Biol, POB 373, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. EM es21@york.ac.uk RI Wingfield, Brenda/B-1376-2008; Steenkamp, Emma/B-7958-2009 OI Wingfield, Brenda/0000-0002-6189-1519; Steenkamp, Emma/0000-0003-0217-8219 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 2 IS 4 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00072.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V20BX UT WOS:000208116600004 PM 20573009 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW Ito, Y Horn, BW Goto, T AF Peterson, SW Ito, Y Horn, BW Goto, T TI Aspergillus bombycis, a new aflatoxigenic species and genetic variation in its sibling species, A-nomius SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; fungi; molecular systematics; ribosomal DNA sequence ID SECTION FLAVI; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; PARASITICUS; TAMARII; FUNGI; SPECIATION; CLUSTERS; STRAIN AB A new aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus, A. bombyris, was discovered during isolation of fungi from insect frass collected in silkworm rearing houses in Japan. The new species resembles A. flavus, but produces B and G aflatoxins. It is distinguished from A. flavus and A. nomius by differences in growth rates at 37 and 42 C, from A. nomius by roughness of the stipe, and from both of these species by differences in the nucleotide sequences in the beta-tubulin, calmodulin, norsolorinic acid reductase, ITS, and 1su-rDNA genes. Aspergillus bombycis is known from nine isolates, eight collected in silkworm-rearing houses in Japan and one collected in a silk-worm rearing house in Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences shows that A. bombycis is a phylogenetically distinct species which is most closely related to A. nomius and which belongs in Aspergillus section Flavi. Analysis by partition homogeneity did not reveal evidence of genetic recombination in A. bombycis, but in A. nomius the patterns of polymorphisms in different genes strongly suggest cryptic genetic recombination. C1 ARS, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Natl Res Inst Vegetables Ornamental Plants & Tea, Ano, Mie 5142392, Japan. ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM peterssw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 35 TC 117 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 7 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 93 IS 4 BP 689 EP 703 DI 10.2307/3761823 PG 15 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 456UF UT WOS:000170100100008 ER PT J AU Chaverri, P Samuels, GJ Stewart, EL Umana, L AF Chaverri, P Samuels, GJ Stewart, EL Umana, L TI Hypocrea nigrovirens, a new species with a gliocladium-like anamorph SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE green ascospores; Hypocreaceae; Hypocreales; systematics; Trichoderma ID GENUS TRICHODERMA; REVISION AB Hypocrea nigrovirens, a new species with a gliocladium-like anamorph, was collected on the Atlantic coast of Costa Rica. This species is recognized by dark green, almost black stroma, warts around the ostiolar opening, conspicuously thickened ascus tip and large conidia formed on gliocladium-like conidiophores. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab 301, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Biodivers Inst, Heredia, Costa Rica. RP Chaverri, P (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab 301, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 93 IS 4 BP 758 EP 763 DI 10.2307/3761831 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 456UF UT WOS:000170100100016 ER PT J AU Miller, OK Lodge, DJ AF Miller, OK Lodge, DJ TI New species of Amanita from the Dominican Republica, Greater Antilles SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Pinus; Hispaniola AB Three new species of Amanita are described from the Dominican Republic on the island of Hispaniola. One of the new species is in subgenus Lepidella section Amidella and two are in subgenus Amanita. One of the latter two species is in section Amanita, but the other cannot be placed below subgenus. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Miller, OK (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 79 BP 289 EP 306 PG 18 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 483CY UT WOS:000171617200027 ER PT J AU Thornsberry, JM Goodman, MM Doebley, J Kresovich, S Nielsen, D Buckler, ES AF Thornsberry, JM Goodman, MM Doebley, J Kresovich, S Nielsen, D Buckler, ES TI Dwarf8 polymorphisms associate with variation in flowering time SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MAIZE; RECOMBINATION; LINES; GENE AB Historically, association tests have been used extensively in medical genetics(1-2), but have had virtually no application in plant genetics. One obstacle to their application is the structured populations often found in crop plants(3), which may lead to nonfunctional. spurious associations(4). In this study. statistical methods to account for population structure(5) were extended for use with quantitative variation and applied to our evaluation of maize flowering time. Mutagenesis and quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies suggested that the maize gene Dwarf8 might affect the quantitative variation of maize flowering time and plant height(6-8). The wheat orthologs of this gene contributed to the increased yields seen in the 'Green Revolution' varieties(6). We used association approaches to evaluate Dwarf8 sequence polymorphisms from 92 maize inbred lines. Population structure was estimated using a Bayesian analysis(4) of 141 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Our results indicate that a suite of polymorphisms associate with differences in flowering time, which include a deletion that may alter a key domain in the coding region. The distribution of nonsynonymous polymorphisms suggests that Dwarf8 has been a target of selection. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 19 TC 615 Z9 736 U1 16 U2 92 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 286 EP 289 DI 10.1038/90135 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 448XZ UT WOS:000169656400024 PM 11431702 ER PT J AU Torrans, L Lowell, F AF Torrans, L Lowell, F TI Use of Tilapia as supplemental forage for channel catfish broodstock SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; TROUT; SIZE; EGGS AB The purpose of this Study was to determine the effects of supplemental feeding with forage fish on the spawning success and egg quality of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Channel catfish broodstock were maintained for 2 years on a diet of either commercial catfish feed with 32% protein or commercial catfish feed and live blue tilapia. Fish fed forage fish had significantly larger eggs and a higher gonadosomatic index prior to the second spawning season. They also spawned larger eggs, had a higher hatch rate, and produced more and larger fry than fish fed only commercial feed. During the second year of the study, growth rates and food conversion ratios were better over the winter months for channel catfish fed supplemental forage but worse over the summer months compared with fish fed only commercial feed. Over the two spawning seasons, broodstock fed forage fish produced an average of 9,221 sac fry/kg of females stocked in the spawning ponds. The addition of 10-15 kg/ha of blue tilapia to channel catfish broodstock ponds in the summer appears to be a practical method of increasing spawning success and fry production. C1 Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Torrans, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 63 IS 3 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0215:UOTASF>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 457MB UT WOS:000170140200005 ER PT J AU Bliss, DZ Jung, HJ Savik, K Lowry, A LeMoine, M Jensen, L Werner, C Schaffer, K AF Bliss, DZ Jung, HJ Savik, K Lowry, A LeMoine, M Jensen, L Werner, C Schaffer, K TI Supplementation with dietary fiber improves fecal incontinence SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dietary fiber; fecal incontinence; short chain fatty acids; stool composition ID WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; INVITRO FERMENTATION; HUMAN-COLON; DIARRHEA; GUM; STOOL; DETERMINANTS; ABSORPTION; BACTERIA AB Background: Human studies have shown that dietary fiber affects stool composition and consistency. Because fecal incontinence has been shown to be exacerbated by liquid stools or diarrhea, management strategies that make stool consistency less loose or liquid may be useful. Objective: To compare the effects of a fiber supplement containing psyllium, gum arabic, or a placebo in community-living adults who were incontinent of loose or liquid stools. Mechanisms underlying these effects (e.g., fermentation of the fibers and water-holding capacity of stools) were examined. Methods: Thirty-nine persons with fecal incontinence of loose or liquid stools prospectively recorded diet intake and stool characteristics and collected their stools for 8 days prior to and at the end of a 31-day fiber supplementation period. During the fiber supplementation period, they ingested psyllium, gum arabic, or a placebo by random assignment. Results: In the baseline period, the groups were comparable on all variables measured. In the fiber supplementation period, (a) the proportion of incontinent stools of the groups ingesting the fiber supplements was less than half that of the group ingesting the placebo, (b) the placebo group had the greatest percentage of stools that were loose/unformed or liquid, and (c) the psyllium group had the highest water-holding capacity of water-insoluble solids and total water-holding capacity. The supplements of dietary fiber appeared to be completely fermented by the subjects as indicated by nonsignificant differences in total fiber, short chain fatty acids and pH in stools among the groups in the baseline or fiber supplementation periods. Conclusions: Supplementation with dietary fiber from psyllium or gum arabic was associated with a decrease in the percentage of incontinent stools and an improvement of stool consistency. Improvements in fecal incontinence or stool consistency did not appear to be related to unfermented dietary fiber. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Nursing, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA ARS, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Colon & Rectal Surg Associates, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Bliss, DZ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Nursing, 6-101 Weaver Densford Hall,308 Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. FU NINR NIH HHS [R15 NR04028-01] NR 43 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 50 IS 4 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1097/00006199-200107000-00004 PG 11 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 456UQ UT WOS:000170101000004 PM 11480529 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Hall, CB Marchello, MJ Siders, WA AF Lukaski, HC Hall, CB Marchello, MJ Siders, WA TI Validation of dual x-ray absorptiometry for body-composition assessment of rats exposed to dietary stressors SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE obesity; weight loss; dehydration; in vivo method ID FAT; WATER AB Evidence of the validity and accuracy of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure soft-tissue composition of laboratory rats with altered body composition associated with nutritional perturbations is lacking. We compared DXA determinations made in prone and supine positions with measurements of chemical composition of 49 male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats that were fed the basal AIN-93 growth diet, were fed the basal diet modified to contain 30% fat, were fasted for 2 d, were limit fed 6 g of the basal diet daily for 1 wk, or were treated with furosemide (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally 2 h before DXA). DXA produced similar estimates of body mass and soft-tissue composition in the prone and supine positions. DXA estimates of body composition were significantly correlated with reference composition values (R-2 = 0.371-0.999). DXA discriminated treatment effects on body mass, fat-free and bone-free mass, fat mass, and body fatness; it significantly underestimated body mass (1% to 2%) and fat-free and bone-free mass (3%) and significantly overestimated fat mass and body fatness (3% to 25%). The greatest errors occurred in treatment groups in which body mass was diminished and body hydration was decreased. These findings suggest that DXA can determine small changes in fat-free, bone-free mass in response to obesity and weight loss. Errors in DXA determination of fat mass and body fatness associated with extra corporeal fluid and dehydration indicate the need for revision of calculation algorithms for soft-tissue determination. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 2001. C1 USDA ARS, GFHNRC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, GFHNRC, Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 17 IS 7-8 BP 607 EP 613 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00577-9 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 450XY UT WOS:000169771200013 PM 11448581 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS AF Kelley, DS TI Modulation of human immune and inflammatory responses by dietary fatty acids SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE humans; immunity; immune response; inflammation; allergy; autoimmune diseases ID YOUNG HEALTHY-MEN; FISH-OIL SUPPLEMENTATION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; KILLER-CELL ACTIVITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; VITAMIN-E; NUTRITIONAL MODULATION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID AB I review the effects of the amount and composition Of dietary fat on indices of human immune and inflammatory responses. A reduction in the amount of fat intake enhanced several indices of immune response, including lymphocyte proliferation, natural-killer-cell activity, cytokine production, and delayed-type hypersensitivity. When total fat intake was held constant, an increase in the intake of linoleic acid (18:2 omega -6) or arachidonic acid (20:4 omega -6) by healthy human volunteers did not inhibit many indices of immune response tested but did increase the production of inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4). Supplementation of human diets with omega -3 fatty acids reduced several aspects of neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte functions, including the production of inflammatory mediators. Most of the studies have indicated reductions in these functions, with a minimum of 1.2 g/d of supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for 6 wk. However, other studies concomitantly supplementing with 205 mg/d of vitamin E did not find inhibition of immune-cell functions, even with larger amounts and longer durations of supplementation with these fatty acids. One study reported that supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid selectively inhibits inflammatory responses without inhibiting T- and B-cell functions. Despite some discrepancies, fish oils have been used successfully in the management of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The potential for the use of fish oils in the management of these diseases is tremendous, even though further studies are needed to establish safe and adequate intake levels of 0-3 fatty acids. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 51 TC 163 Z9 169 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 17 IS 7-8 BP 669 EP 673 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00576-7 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 450XY UT WOS:000169771200026 PM 11448594 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC AF Lukaski, HC TI Body composition distribution with age - Growth charts for adults? SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FAT-FREE C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 17 IS 7-8 BP 675 EP 675 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00587-1 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 450XY UT WOS:000169771200028 PM 11448596 ER PT J AU Xue, Q Aliabadi, H Hallfrisch, J AF Xue, Q Aliabadi, H Hallfrisch, J TI Effects of dietary galactose and fructose on rats fed diets marginal or adequate in copper for 9-21 months SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; starch; sugars; ceruloplasmin ID GLYCOSYLATION END-PRODUCTS; ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS; DEFICIENCY; GLUCOSE AB This study was designed to monitor the metabolic differences after feeding starch, galactose and fructose diets with adequate or marginal copper levels to normal male rats over a period of 9-21 months. Two hundred and forty-five weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 50 -60 g were randomly divided into one of the eight dietary groups. All diets were either Cu marginal (1.5 mug/g diet) or adequate (5-6 mug/g) with 627 carbohydrate (g/kg diet) as starch; 500 galactose and 127 starch; 500 fructose and 127 starch; or 400 galactose and 227 fructose. Glycated hemoglobin, ceruloplasmin oxidase activity, hematocrit, and plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured in 72 rats after nine months. Galactose-fed rats had the lowest (P < 0.0001) body weights. Severe mortality rates were found in galactose-fructose-marginal Cu-fed rats. Marginal Cu deficiency significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced hepatic copper and increased hepatic Fe in all carbohydrate groups. Ceruloplasmin activity of the rats fed the marginal Cu and fructose-containing diets declined to undetectable levels and plasma cholesterol levels increased. Glycated hemoglobin was significantly (P 0.001) increased in the galactose-fed rats compared to fructose or starch-fed rats regardless of dietary copper concentration. The data suggest that dietary galactose and fructose exacerbate effects of long term marginal Cu intake including hypertrophy of liver, heart and kidney, hyperlipidemia, and increased mortality. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hallfrisch, J (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1078 EP 1087 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00314-1 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 452KX UT WOS:000169857800015 ER PT J AU King, JS Pregitzer, KS Zak, DR Sober, J Isebrands, JG Dickson, RE Hendrey, GR Karnosky, DF AF King, JS Pregitzer, KS Zak, DR Sober, J Isebrands, JG Dickson, RE Hendrey, GR Karnosky, DF TI Fine-root biomass and fluxes of soil carbon in young stands of paper birch and trembling aspen as affected by elevated atmospheric Co-2 and tropospheric O-3 SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE northern forests; global change; carbon sequestration; soil respiration; dissolved organic carbon; soil pCO(2) ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NUTRIENTS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; PONDEROSA PINE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; N AVAILABILITY; STREAM WATER; SCOTS PINE AB Rising atmospheric CO2 may stimulate future forest productivity, possibly increasing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems, but how tropospheric ozone will modify this response is unknown. Because of the importance of fine roots to the belowground C cycle, we monitored fine-root biomass and associated C fluxes in regenerating stands of trembling aspen, and mixed stands of trembling aspen and paper birch at FACTS-II, the Aspen FACE project in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) was used to elevate concentrations of CO2 (average enrichment concentration 535 mul l(-1)) and O-3 (53 nl l(-1)) in developing forest stands in 1998 and 1999. Soil respiration, soil pCO(2), and dissolved organic carbon in soil solution (DOC) were monitored biweekly. Soil respiration was measured with a portable infrared gas analyzer. Soil pCO(2) and DOC samples were collected from soil gas wells and tension lysimeters, respectively. at depths of 15, 30, and 125 cm. Fine-root biomass averaged 263 g m(-2) in control plots and increased 96% under elevated CO2. The increased root biomass was accompanied by a 39% increase in soil respiration and a 27% increase in soil pCO(2). Both soil respiration and pCO(2) exhibited a strong seasonal signal, which was positively correlated with soil temperature. DOC concentrations in soil solution averaged similar to 12 mg l(-1) in surface horizons, declined with depth, and were little affected by the treatments. A simplified belowground C budget for the site indicated that native soil organic matter still dominated the system, and that soil respiration was by far the largest flux. Ozone decreased the above responses to elevated CO2, but effects were rarely statistically significant. We conclude that regenerating stands of northern hardwoods have the potential for substantially greater C input to soil due to greater fine-root production under elevated CO2 Greater fine-root biomass will be accompanied by greater soil C efflux as soil respiration, but leaching losses of C will probably be unaffected. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USPA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. US DOE, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Environm Biol & Instrumentat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP King, JS (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 NR 90 TC 106 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2001 VL 128 IS 2 BP 237 EP 250 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 461YY UT WOS:000170392500011 ER PT J AU Augustine, PC AF Augustine, PC TI Eimeria adenoeides sporozoites: enhanced invasion of cultured cells previously inoculated with Eimeria acervulina sporozoites SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AVIAN EIMERIA; INFECTION; TENELLA; BIRDS AB The effects of prior or concurrent administration of Eimeria acervulina on invasion of cultured cells by Eimeria adenoeides sporozoites and possible mechanisms of action were examined. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell cultures that were inoculated with E. acervulina sporozoites were significantly more permissive for invasion by E. adenoeides sporozoites than uninoculated cultures. Enhancement of invasion by E. adenoeides did not occur when the two species were inoculated into cultures concurrently, or within 30 h of each other. However, 48 and 72 h after inoculation of BHK cells with E. acervulina. invasion by E. adenoeides sporozoites was significantly greater than invasion in uninoculated cultures. At 96 h postinoculation with E. acervulina, the enhancing effect on invasion was variable. Culture media collected from E. acervulina-inoculated cultures also significantly enhanced invasion by E. adenoeides. Slight changes in proteins of E. acervulina-inocula ted versus uninoculated cell cultures were detected by Western blots of biotinylated and nonbiotinylated cells. Biotinylated bands between 10 and 25 kDa increased in the inoculated cultures. In addition, when chicken anti-E. acervulina sporozoite serum was used as a probe, labeling of a 10 kDa antigen increased in the inoculated cultures. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, PBEL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Augustine, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, PBEL, Bldg 1040,Room 103,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 87 IS 7 BP 548 EP 552 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 447XU UT WOS:000169598400007 PM 11484851 ER PT J AU Hirase, K Molin, WT AF Hirase, K Molin, WT TI Effect of inhibitors of pyridoxal-5 '-phosphate-dependent enzymes on cysteine synthase in Echinochloa crus-galli L. SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-CYANOALANINE SYNTHASE; ACETYLSERINE THIOL LYASE; HIGHER-PLANTS; PURIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS; METABOLISM; SPINACH; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPLASTS; ACCUMULATION AB The effect of inhibitors of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes (IPEs) on cysteine synthase (CS; EC 4.2.99.8), which synthesizes cysteine from O-acetylserine and sulfide, was examined. CS was extracted from the leaves of Echinochloa crus-galli L., fractionated with 30-70% ammonium sulfate. and then used for the enzyme assay with seven IPEs. When substrates of CS and 10 mM IPEs were added simultaneously, DL-allylglycine. DL-propargylglycine, beta -chloro-L-alanine, 3-bromopropionate, amino-oxyacetate (AOA), and hydroxylamine inhibited CS by 64, 45, 62, 61, 89. and 33%. respectively. All the IPEs inhibited shoot elongation of E. crus-galli in a seedling growth bioassay: however. there was a very low correlation between the inhibition of CS and that of shoot elongation (R-2 = 0.173). When CS was preincubated with 10 MM IPEs at 30 degreesC for 1 h, DL-allylglycine. DL-propargylglycine, beta -chloro-L-alanine, 3-bromopropionate, AOA, and hydroxylamine inhibited CS by 47, 27, 49, 40, 96, and 98%, respectively. CS inhibition by AOA and hydroxylamine increased during the preincubation period, suggesting that AOA and hydroxyamine might be irreversible inhibitors of CS. The correlation coefficient between CS inhibition by preincubation and inhibition of shoot elongation was R-2 = 0.630. These results suggest that CS inhibition in E. crus-galli might affect its growth. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hirase, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kangetsuh@tecinfo.com NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 EI 1095-9939 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 70 IS 3 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1006/pest.2001.2553 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 458CT UT WOS:000170176200006 ER PT J AU Kasperbauer, MJ Loughrin, JH Wang, SY AF Kasperbauer, MJ Loughrin, JH Wang, SY TI Light reflected from red mulch to ripening strawberries affects aroma, sugar and organic acid concentrations SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; WILD STRAWBERRIES; GREEN LEAVES; PLANTS; VARIETIES; ANANASSA; TOMATO; YIELD; FIELD; END AB Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) fruit size and flavor are important to both growers and consumers, Plastic mulches are frequently used in raised-bed culture to conserve water, control weeds with less herbicides, keep fruit clean and produce ripe berries earlier in the season. The most commonly used plastic mulch color is black, We hypothesized that changing mulch color to reflect more far-red (FR) and red light (R) and a higher FR/R photon ratio would keep those benefits and improve berry size and flavor by altering phytochrome-mediated regulation of pathways in ripening berries. Size and chemical composition of berries developed in sunlight over a specially formulated red plastic were compared with those that developed over standard black plastic mulch. Berries that ripened over red were about 20% larger, had higher sugar to organic acid ratios and emitted higher concentrations of favorable aroma compounds. We conclude that FR and the FR/R ratio in light reflected from the red mulch on the soil surface acted through the natural phytochrome system within the growing plants to modify gene expression enough to result in increased fruit size and improved concentrations of phytonutrient, flavor and aroma compounds. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kasperbauer, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 74 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0103:LRFRMT>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 449UJ UT WOS:000169705300015 PM 11460530 ER PT J AU Carmel, Y Dean, DJ Flather, CH AF Carmel, Y Dean, DJ Flather, CH TI Combining location and classification error sources for estimating multi-temporal database accuracy SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; LAND-COVER CHANGE; OVERLAY OPERATIONS; GIS; MISREGISTRATION; PROPAGATION; UNCERTAINTY; INTEGRATION; SIMULATION; MODELS AB Defection and quantification of temporal change in spatial objects is the subject of a growing number of studies. Much of the change shown in such studies may be an artifact of location error and classification error. The basic units of these two measures are different (distance units for location error and pixel counts for classification error). The lack of a single index summarizing both error sources poses a constraint on assessing and interpreting the apparent change. We present an error model that addresses location and classification error jointly. Our approach quantifies location accuracy in terms of thematic accuracy, using a simulation of the location error process. We further develop an error model that combines the location and classification accuracy matrices into a single matrix, representing the overall thematic accuracy in a single layer. The resulting time-specific matrices serve to derive indices for estimating the overall uncertainty in a multi-temporal dataset. In order to validate the model, we performed simulations in which known amounts of location and classification error were introduced into raster maps. Our error model estimates were highly accurate under a wide range of parameters tested. We applied the error model to a study of vegetation dynamics in California woodlands in order to explore its value for realistic assessment of change, and its potential to provide a means for quantifying the relative contributions of these two error sources. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Agr Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Carmel, Y (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Agr Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RI Carmel, Yohay/G-4362-2011; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Carmel, Yohay/0000-0002-5883-0184; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 67 IS 7 BP 865 EP 872 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 446CM UT WOS:000169495400011 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Mock, N Deahl, KL Bailey, B Roberts, DP AF Baker, CJ Mock, N Deahl, KL Bailey, B Roberts, DP TI Oxidative metabolism in plant/bacteria interactions: characterization of the oxygen uptake response of bacteria SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae; Solanum tuberosum cv. Kennebec; oxygen uptake; bacterial respiration; plant/pathogen interactions ID CELL-SUSPENSIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Ali increase in oxygen uptake has been previously described in plant cell suspensions treated with bacteria or bacterial elicitors. These studies, regarding oxy en uptake, have all been undertaken from the perspretive, of the host plant Cell reacting to the invading pathogen. In contrast, here we describe and characterize an increase in oxygen uptake by bacterial cells in response to plant suspensions or autoclaved plant cell filtrates, Autoclaved plant cell filtrates stimulated bacterial oxygen uptake by as much as seven-fold within a few minutes after addition. This oxygen uptake response was proportional to both the concentration of the plant cell filtrate and the concentration of the bacteria. KCN inhibited the bacterial response, suggesting that bacterial respiration may be involved. Unlike the plant oxygen uptake response to bacteria, there was not concurrent H2O2 accumulation and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, DPI, had no effect oil dw bacterial response. Streptomycin, an inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, inhibited the bacterial oxygen uptake response to the plant cell filtrate. K-252, a protein kinase inhibitor that strongly inhibits the plant oxygen uptake response to bacteria, had no effect upon the bacterial oxygen uptake response. When potato/bacterial cell suspensions were pretreated with either streptomycin or K-252, the combined plant/bacterial oxygen uptake response was inhibited by 15 or 70 %, respectively. This indicates that as much as 15-30 % of the increased oxygen consumption during plant suspension cell/bacteria interactions may be attributable to bacteria, which comprise less than 1 % of the total cell mass. C1 USDA ARS, Microbiol & Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbiol & Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1006/pmpp.2001.0339 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 492XR UT WOS:000172193300003 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Orlandi, EW Deahl, KL AF Baker, CJ Orlandi, EW Deahl, KL TI Oxidative metabolism in plant/bacteria interactions: characterization of a unique oxygen uptake response of potato suspension cells SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reactive oxygen species; hydrogen peroxide; respiratory burst ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; ACTIVE OXYGEN; BURST; ELICITOR; OXIDASE; RESPIRATION; PEROXIDASE; PLANTS; H2O2; ROSE AB Plant suspension cells have been shown to respond to bacteria or microbial elicitors by producing active oxygen as well as increasing oxygen uptake. Here we characterize a unique two stage oxygen uptake response of potato suspension cells to heat-killed bacteria. Stage I occurred within minutes after the addition of heat-killed bacteria; the potato suspension cells responded with a rapid increase in oxygen uptake and reached a steady state approximately 50 % greater than the initial basal rate, Stage 2 began 20 30 min after this new steady state was achieved and was characterized by a slow increase in the oxygen uptake rate over the remaining 90 min period, Calculation of the total oxygen consumption by the plant cells indicated that only a small fraction of the increased oxygen uptake was due to the concomitant production of reactive oxygen species. The protein kinase inhibitor, K-252, inhibited the oxygen uptake response by 80 90 %, suggesting the involvement of protein phosphorylation in the oxygen uptake response. The alternate oxidase inhibitor, SHAM, inhibited the elicited oxygen uptake response by about 25 % while a combination of SHAM and KCN almost completely blocked respiration as well as the elicited response, The data indicate that mitochondrial respiration and, in Particular, the alternate oxidase, play a significant role in the elicited oxygen uptake response of potato cells. C1 USDA ARS, Microbiol & Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbiol & Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1006/pmpp.2001.0340 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 492XR UT WOS:000172193300004 ER PT J AU Murray, AK Nichols, RL Sassenrath-Cole, GF AF Murray, AK Nichols, RL Sassenrath-Cole, GF TI Cell wall biosynthesis: glycan containing oligomers in developing cotton fibers, cotton fabric, wood and paper SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-29, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc DE Gossypium hirsutum; cell wall; biosynthesis; cotton; fiber; glycans; oligomers; development; cellulose; HPAEC-PAD ID SUCROSE SYNTHASE; CELLULOSE; INVITRO; PLANTS; TUNICAMYCIN; EXPRESSION; CALLOSE; CLONING; GROWTH; CARROT AB A series of oligomeric glycans can be extracted from the cell walls of developing cotton fibers with weak acid. Glycans that produce similar profiles on high pH anion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) are also found in a protein complex extracted from developing fibers and in amorphous aggregates found in association with immature fibers in developing, but not in mature cotton bells. The quantity and composition of the glycans recovered from the carbohydrate-protein complex varies significantly with the time of day when the bells are harvested. This diurnal variation is consistent with the hypothesis that secondary cell walls are deposited primarily at night. Incubation of re-hydrated cotton fibers in the presence of exogenous oligosaccharides, myo-inositol and glycerol substantially alters the apparent quantity of the oligomers extracted from the fibers. The same and similar glycans have also been extracted from cotton fabric, marine algae, various paper products and wood. While many of the oligomers isolated from the various cellulose sources display the same peaks by HPAEC-PAD, the specific number of oligomers and their relative quantities appear unique for each source of cellulosic material. Oligomeric glycans, as described in the preceding, are present in all cellulose sources that have been investigated. Their relative abundance changes in response to source, stage of development and other physiological variables. We hypothesize that the glycans are intermediates in the biological assembly of cellulose, and that their incorporation in cellulose is mediated by physicochemical and enzymatic mechanisms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Glycozyme Inc, Irvine, CA 92614 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. USDA ARS, APTRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Murray, AK (reprint author), Glycozyme Inc, 17935 Sky Pk Circle,Ste E, Irvine, CA 92614 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2001 VL 57 IS 6 BP 975 EP 986 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00143-1 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 451MC UT WOS:000169805000014 PM 11423144 ER PT J AU Ralph, J Lapierre, C Marita, JM Kim, H Lu, FC Hatfield, RD Ralph, S Chapple, C Franke, R Hemm, MR Van Doorsselaere, J Sederoff, RR O'Malley, DM Scott, JT MacKay, JJ Yahiaoui, N Boudet, AM Pean, M Pilate, G Jouanin, L Boerjan, W AF Ralph, J Lapierre, C Marita, JM Kim, H Lu, FC Hatfield, RD Ralph, S Chapple, C Franke, R Hemm, MR Van Doorsselaere, J Sederoff, RR O'Malley, DM Scott, JT MacKay, JJ Yahiaoui, N Boudet, AM Pean, M Pilate, G Jouanin, L Boerjan, W TI Elucidation of new structures in lignins of CAD- and COMT-deficient plants by NMR SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-29, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc DE NMR; transgenic; mutant; O-methyltransferase; monolignol; coniferyl aldehyde; sinapyl aldehyde; 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE; MUTANT PINE DEFICIENT; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; DOWN-REGULATION; FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE; CONIFERYL ALDEHYDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; LIGNIFICATION AB Studying lignin-biosynthetic-pathway mutants and transgenics provides insights into plant responses to perturbations of the lignification system, and enhances our understanding of normal lignification. When enzymes late in the pathway are downregulated, significant changes in the composition and structure of lignin may result, NMR spectroscopy provides powerful diagnostic tools for elucidating structures in the difficult lignin polymer, hinting at the chemical and biochemical changes that have occurred. COMT (caffeic acid O-methyl transferase) downregulation in poplar results in the incorporation of 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol into lignins via typical radical coupling reactions, but post-coupling quinone methide internal trapping reactions produce novel benzodioxane units in the lignin. CAD (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) downregulation results in the incorporation of the hydroxycinnamyl aldehyde monolignol precursors intimately into the polymer. Sinapyl aldehyde cross-couples 8-O-4 with both guaiacyl and syringyl units in the growing polymer. whereas coniferyl aldehyde cross-couples 8-O-4 only with syringyl units, reflecting simple chemical cross-coupling propensities. The incorporation of hydroxycinnamyl aldehyde and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol monomers indicates that these monolignol intermediates are secreted to the cell wall for lignification. The recognition that novel units can incorporate into lignins portends significantly expanded opportunities for engineering the composition and consequent properties of lignin for improved utilization of valuable plant resources. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Natl Agron, Chim Biol Lab, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. USDA ARS, US Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Vlaams Interuniv Inst Biotechnol, Dept Plantengenet, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. Pole Biotechnol Vegetale, UMR 5546, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. DEVM, DSV, Commissariat Energie Atom Cadarache, Grp Rech Appl Phytotechnol, St Paul Durance, France. Inst Natl Agron, Unite Ameliorat Genet & Physiol Forestieres, F-45166 Olivet, France. Inst Natl Agron, F-78026 Versailles, France. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Pilate, Gilles/D-1666-2011; MacKay, John/M-6978-2014; Franke, Rochus/N-9874-2014; Pilate, Gilles/E-8784-2017 OI MacKay, John/0000-0002-4883-195X; Pilate, Gilles/0000-0003-4802-8849 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM45344-07] NR 59 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2001 VL 57 IS 6 BP 993 EP 1003 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00109-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 451MC UT WOS:000169805000016 PM 11423146 ER PT J AU Stange, RR Ralph, J Peng, JP Sims, JJ Midland, SL McDonald, RE AF Stange, RR Ralph, J Peng, JP Sims, JJ Midland, SL McDonald, RE TI Acidolysis and hot water extraction provide new insights into the composition of the induced "lignin-like" material from squash fruit SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-29, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE Cucurbita maxima; Cucurbitaceae; squash; composition of induced lignin; p-coumaryl alcohol; p-coumaryl aldehyde ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; COMPRESSION WOOD; DFRC METHOD; LIGNIFICATION; TISSUES; DEPOSITION; CONIFERYL; MECHANISM; ALDEHYDE; CLEAVAGE AB Accumulation of "lignin-like" material (L-LM) by plant tissues in response to injury or disease has been observed in a wide variety of plant taxa. The most intensively studied L-LM is that produced by members of the Cucurbitaceae: this material is thought to he an unusual lignin rich in p-coumaryl alcohol derived subunits. Employing acidolysis we found the primary degradation product of L-LM from squash fruit was p-coumaryl aldehyde. These findings conflict with the: current concept of L-LM. but would be consistent with L-LM being a polymer derived directly from p-coumaryl aldehyde or a gum containing this compound. Results of hot water extraction support the latter possibility. Further, we report on a simple TLC method useful for rapid qualitative characterization of acidolysis degradation products. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34943 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34943 USA. EM rstange@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2001 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1011 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00096-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 451MC UT WOS:000169805000017 PM 11423147 ER PT J AU Young, JM Bull, CT De Boer, SH Firrao, G Gardan, L Saddler, GE Stead, DE Takikawa, Y AF Young, JM Bull, CT De Boer, SH Firrao, G Gardan, L Saddler, GE Stead, DE Takikawa, Y TI Classification, nomenclature, and plant pathogenic bacteria - A clarification SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; DNA RELATEDNESS; XANTHOMONAS; TOMATO; TAXONOMY; PEPPER; NAMES; CODE; SPOT AB In a recent Letter to the Editor of Phytopathology, proposals were made for endorsement and for rejection of selected names of plant pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas spp, We believe that support for, and rejection of, several names was based on misconceptions concerning the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and entails misinterpretations of several Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. This letter aims to clarify those misconceptions and misinterpretations. C1 Landcare Res, Auckland, New Zealand. USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Ctr Anim & Plant Hlth, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada. Univ Udine, Dipartimento Biol Applicata Difesa Piante, I-33100 Udine, Italy. INRA, Unite Pathol Vegetale, F-49071 Beaucouze, France. CABI Biosci, Egham TW20 9TY, Surrey, England. MAFF, Cent Sci Lab, York YO4 1LN, N Yorkshire, England. Shizuoka Univ, Plant Pathol Lab, Shizuoka 422, Japan. RP Young, JM (reprint author), Landcare Res, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. EM youngj@landcare.cri.nz OI FIRRAO, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7890-0899 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2001 VL 91 IS 7 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.7.617 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446XF UT WOS:000169538900002 PM 18942989 ER PT J AU Shah, DA Bergstrom, GC Ueng, PP AF Shah, DA Bergstrom, GC Ueng, PP TI Foci of stagonospora nodorum blotch in winter wheat before canopy development SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-binomial; randomization testing ID BETA-BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL PATTERN-ANALYSIS; PLANT-DISEASE INCIDENCE; PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; FIELD POPULATIONS; SIMULATED RAIN; STRAWBERRY AB Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) often develops explosively on upper leaves and glumes of wheat. Inoculum for late season infections may arise from early disease foci in the lower canopy or from recent immigration of wind-dispersed ascospores. Research was conducted to determine if foci of SNB are present and secondary spread has occurred in fields before tiller elongation. We determined the incidence of infection by Stagonospora nodorum for plants sampled at the mid-tillering stage in 96 1-m(2) quadrats in each of two fields. Isolates of S. nodorum were recovered from 32 quadrats, one per infected plant where possible. Multilocus restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotypes were determined for each isolate. Of 55 isolates collected from one field, there were 22 distinct haplotypes. Diseased plants were aggregated in both fields; aggregates sometimes extended to adjacent quadrats. Plants within aggregates were often infected by the same haplotype, suggesting that secondary spread had occurred. Foci overlapped because some aggregates were infected by more than one haplotype. Our results show that generically diverse populations of S. nodorum were already established in fields before canopy development and were comprised of sometimes overlapping foci undergoing clonal expansion. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bergstrom, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Shah, Denis/B-1885-2013 OI Shah, Denis/0000-0002-4551-2216 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2001 VL 91 IS 7 BP 642 EP 647 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.7.642 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446XF UT WOS:000169538900006 PM 18942993 ER PT J AU Goodwin, SB Dunkle, LD Zismann, VL AF Goodwin, SB Dunkle, LD Zismann, VL TI Phylogenetic analysis of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella based on the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dothistroma; Lecanosticta; mating type; Mycocentrospora ID GRAY LEAF-SPOT; ANAMORPHS; DISEASE AB Most of the 3,000 named species in the genus Cercospora have no known sexual stage, although a Mycosphaerella teleomorph has been identified for a few. Mycosphaerella is an extremely large and important genus of plant pathogens, with more than 1,800 named species and at least 43 associated anamorph genera. The goal of this research was to perform a large-scale phylogenetic analysis to test hypotheses about the past evolutionary history of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data (ITS1, 5.8S rRNA gene, ITS2), the genus Mycosphaerella is monophyletic. In contrast, many anamorph genera within Mycosphaerella were polyphyletic and were not useful for grouping species. One exception was Cercospora, which formed a highly supported monophyletic group. Most Cercospora species from cereal crops formed a subgroup within the main Cercospora cluster. Only species within the Cercospora cluster produced the toxin cercosporin, suggesting that the ability to produce this compound had a single evolutionary origin. Intraspecific variation for 25 taxa in the Mycosphaerella clade averaged 1.7 nucleotides (nts) in the ITS region. Thus, isolates with ITS sequences that differ by two or more nucleotides may be distinct species. ITS sequences of groups I and II of the gray leaf spot pathogen Cercospora zeae-maydis differed by 7 nts and clearly represent different species. There were 6.5 nt differences on average between the ITS sequences of the sorghum pathogen Cercospora sorghi and the maize pathogen Cereospora sorghi var. maydis, indicating that the latter is a separate species and not simply a variety of Cercospora sorghi. The large monophyletic Mycosphaerella cluster contained a number of anamorph genera with no known teleomorph associations. Therefore, the number of anamorph genera related to Mycosphaerella may be much larger than suspected previously. C1 ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res, USDA, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res, USDA, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 1155 Lilly Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 35 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2001 VL 91 IS 7 BP 648 EP 658 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.7.648 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446XF UT WOS:000169538900007 PM 18942994 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Granatstein, DM Elfving, DC Mullinix, K AF Mazzola, M Granatstein, DM Elfving, DC Mullinix, K TI Suppression of specific apple root pathogens by Brassica napus seed meal amendment regardless of glucosinolate content SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SOIL; RESIDUES; BACTERIA; MANURES; GROWTH; IMPACT; FUNGI AB The impact of Brassica napus seed meal on the microbial complex that incites apple replant disease was evaluated in greenhouse trials. Regardless of glucosinolate content, seed meal amendment at a rate of 0.1% (vol/vol) significantly enhanced growth of apple and suppressed apple root infection by Rhizoctonia spp. and Pratylenchus penetrans. High glucosinolate B. napus cv. Dwarf Essex seed meal amendments did not consistently suppress soil populations of Pythium spp. or apple root infection by this pathogen. Application of a low glucosinolate containing B. napus seed meal ar a rare of 1.0% (vol/vol) resulted in a significant increase in recovery of Pythium spp. from apple roots, and a corresponding reduction in apple seedling root biomass. When applied at lower rates, B. napus seed meal amendments enhanced populations of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., but these bacteria were not recovered from soils amended with seed meal at a rate of 2% (vol/vol). Seed meal amendments resulted in increased soil populations of total bacteria and actinomycetes. B. napus cv. Dwarf Essex seed meal amendments were phytotoxic to apple when applied at a rate of 2% (vol/vol), and phytotoxicity was not diminished when planting was delayed for as long as 12 weeks after application. These findings suggest that B. napus seed meal amendments can be a useful tool in the management of apple replant disease and, in the case of Rhizoctonia spp., that disease control operates through mechanisms other than production of glucosinolate hydrolysis products. C1 USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Wenatchee Valley Coll, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 30 TC 110 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2001 VL 91 IS 7 BP 673 EP 679 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.7.673 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 446XF UT WOS:000169538900010 PM 18942997 ER PT J AU Kennard, DK Gholz, HL AF Kennard, DK Gholz, HL TI Effects of high- and low-intensity fires on soil properties and plant growth in a Bolivian dry forest SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE fire intensity; tropical dry forests; prescribed burning; seedlings; nitrogen; soil physical properties ID NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; TROPICAL FOREST; AMAZONIA; SLASH; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS AB We compared soil nutrient availability and soil physical properties among four treatments (high-intensity fire, low-intensity fire, plant removal, and harvesting gap) and a control (intact forest understory) over a period of 18 months in a tropical dry forest in Bolivia. The effect of treatments on plant growth was tested using a shade intolerant tree species ( Anadenanthera colubrina Vell. Conc.) as a bioassay. Surface soils in high-intensity fire treatments had significantly greater pH values, concentrations of extractable calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P), and amounts of resin-available P and nitrogen (N) than other treatments; however, a loss of soil organic matter during high-intensity fires likely resulted in increased bulk density and strength, and decreased water infiltration rates. Low intensity fires also significantly increased soil pH, concentrations of extractable Ca, K, Mg, and P, and amounts of resin-available P and N, although to a lesser degree than high-intensity fires. Low-intensity fires did not lower soil organic matter contents or alter soil physical properties. Plant removal and harvesting gap treatments had little effect on soil chemical and physical properties. Despite the potentially negative effects of degraded soil structure on plant growth, growth of A. colubrina seedlings were greater following high-intensity fires. Evidently, the increase in nutrient availability caused by high-intensity fires was not offset by degraded soil structure in its effects on seedling growth. Long-term effects of high intensity fires require further research. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kennard, DK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA USA. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 46 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 2001 VL 234 IS 1 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1023/A:1010507414994 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 457YG UT WOS:000170165500012 ER PT J AU Williams, M Bond, BJ Ryan, MG AF Williams, M Bond, BJ Ryan, MG TI Evaluating different soil and plant hydraulic constraints on tree function using a model and sap flow data from ponderosa pine SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL-VARIATION; GENERAL-MODEL; WATER-USE; CONDUCTANCE; FOREST; XYLEM; TRANSPIRATION; PRODUCTIVITY; EXCHANGE; NITROGEN AB Relationships between tree size and physiological processes such as transpiration mag have important implications for plant and ecosystem function, but as yet are poorly understood. We used a process-based model of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum to investigate patterns of whole-tree sap flow in ponderosa pine trees of different size and age (36 m and similar to 250 years versus 13 m and 10-50 years) over a developing summer drought, We examined three different hypothetical controls on hydraulic resistance, and found that size-related differences in sap flow could be best explained by absolute differences in plant resistance related to path length (hypothesis 1) rather than through different dynamic relationships between plant resistance and leaf water potential (hypothesis 2), or alterations in rates of cumulative inducement and repair of cavitation (hypothesis 3). Reductions in sap flow over time could be best explained by rising soil-root resistance (hypothesis 1), rather than by a combination of rising plant and soil-root resistance (hypothesis 2), or by rising plant resistance alone (hypothesis 3), Comparing hourly predictions with observed sap dow we found that a direct relationship between plant resistance and leaf water potential (hypothesis 2) led to unrealistic bimodal patterns of sap flow within a day, Explaining seasonal reduction in sap flow purely through rising plant resistance (hypothesis 3) was effective but failed to explain the observed decline in pre-dawn leaf water potential for small trees. Thus, hypothesis 1 was best corroborated. A sensitivity analysis revealed a significant difference in the response to drought-relieving rains; precipitation induced a strong recovery in sap flow in the hypothetical case of limiting soil-root resistance (hypothesis 1), and an insignificant response in the case of limiting plant resistance (hypothesis 3), Longer term monitoring and manipulation experiments are thus likely to resolve the uncertainties in hydraulic constraints on plant function. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Williams, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Darwin Bldg,Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208 NR 26 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 24 IS 7 BP 679 EP 690 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00715.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 449MT UT WOS:000169690600002 ER PT J AU Forster, RL Seifers, DL Strausbaugh, CA Jensen, SG Ball, EM Harvey, TL AF Forster, RL Seifers, DL Strausbaugh, CA Jensen, SG Ball, EM Harvey, TL TI Seed transmission of the High Plains virus in sweet corn SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; WHEAT; MAIZE; DISEASE AB The High Plains vints (HPV), which infects corn and other cereals, was first found in 1993 in the United States. Research was initiated in 1995 to investigate the potential for seed transmission of HPV. Sweet corn seeds of various cultivars harvested in 1994 to 1996 from 13 fields and research plots in southwestern Idaho, Colorado, and Nebraska were seeded in potting mix in the greenhouse. Leaf samples collected at the three- to six-leaf stage from both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 46,600 seeds planted, 38,473 seedlings emerged, and three tested positive by ELISA, exhibited mosaic symptoms, and had the presence of HPV confirmed by an additional test. One of the positive plants was used for successful acquisition and transmission of HPV by the wheat curl mite to Westford barley. The other two plants were used to successfully transfer HPV to other corn plants by vascular puncture inoculation of seed. These results indicate that HPV can be seed transmitted at a very low frequency in sweet corn. C1 Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Forster, RL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 85 IS 7 BP 696 EP 699 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.7.696 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 445KY UT WOS:000169457700002 ER PT J AU Timper, P Minton, NA Johnson, AW Brenneman, TB Culbreath, AK Burton, GW Baker, SH Gascho, GJ AF Timper, P Minton, NA Johnson, AW Brenneman, TB Culbreath, AK Burton, GW Baker, SH Gascho, GJ TI Influence of cropping systems on stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), Meloidogyne arenaria, and the nematode antagonist Pasteuria penetrans in peanut SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; gall indices; Gossypium hirsutum; Paspalum notatum; root-knot nematode; suppressive soil; thrips; Zea mays ID BACILLUS-PENETRANS; MANAGEMENT; BAHIAGRASS; ROTATIONS; COTTON; SUPPRESSION; DISEASES AB The effect of crop rotation (main plots) and pesticide treatment (subplots) on stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), Meloidogyne arenaria, and the nematode antagonist Pasteuria penetrans was determined in a field experiment. The field site was naturally infested with all three organisms. Peanut (P) was rotated with 2 years of either cotton (Ct), corn (C), or bahiagrass (B). The pesticide treatments for the peanut crop were aldicarb (31 g a.i. per 100-m row), flutolanil (1.7 kg a.i./ha), aldicarb + flutolanil, and a control without either pesticide. Populations of M. arenaria were lower in peanut in the Ct-Ct-P than in P-P-P, C-C-P, or B-B-P plots and tended to be lower in plots treated with aldicarb. Abundance of P. penetrans endospores was highest in the P-P-P plots, intermediate in the B-B-P rotations, lowest in all other rotations, and was unaffected by aldicarb. The high endospore densities in the P-P-P plots may have contributed to the uncharacteristically low nematode populations in the monoculture. Incidence of stem rot in peanut was lowest in treatments with flutolanil, intermediate in the control, and highest in treatments with aldicarb alone. The greater canopy cover in aldicarb-treated plots may have created a conducive environment for S. rolfsii infection. C1 ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 85 IS 7 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.7.767 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 445KY UT WOS:000169457700015 ER PT J AU Krupinsky, JM Tanaka, DL AF Krupinsky, JM Tanaka, DL TI Leaf spot diseases on winter wheat influenced by nitrogen, tillage, and haying after a grass-alfalfa mixture in the Conservation Reserve Program SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE no till; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ID SPRING WHEAT; SOIL QUALITY; SASKATCHEWAN AB When contracts for the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) expire, highly erodible land that had a long-term vegetative cover composed of grasses or grass-legume mixtures may be converted back to cropland. Considering that some of the same leaf spot pathogens found on grasses can cause diseases on wheat, the management practices used to convert these lands were evaluated for their effect on winter wheat leaf spot diseases. In a 3-year spring wheat-winter wheat-pea crop rotation, the major leaf spot diseases on winter wheat were tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch. Removal of hay or leaving hay in the plots when converting grassland to cropland had no significant effect on leaf spot diseases, indicating that the residue from the grass-alfalfa crop did not influence leaf spot diseases on winter wheat. Tillage treatments did not influence the amount of disease in 1996, but with higher precipitation levels in 1999, higher disease severities were associated with the no tillage treatment. Higher levels of crop residue associated with the no tillage treatment could potentially carry over plant pathogens from one crop to the next. The severity of leaf spot diseases was consistently lower when nitrogen was applied, indicating the importance of nitrogen application when converting grassland to cropland. C1 ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Krupinsky, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RI Stephen, Jennifer/C-2469-2014 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 85 IS 7 BP 785 EP 789 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.7.785 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 445KY UT WOS:000169457700018 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Dally, EL AF Davis, RE Dally, EL TI Revised subgroup classification of group 16SrV phytoplasmas and placement of flavescence doree-associated phytoplasmas in two distinct subgroups SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE grapevine; mycoplasma ID MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ELM YELLOWS; AMPLIFICATION; TAXON; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; AUSTRALIENSE AB The subgroup classification of phytoplasmas in 16S rRNA group 16SrV (elm yellows phytoplasma group) was revised and extended on the basis of enzymatic restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of ribosomal (r) DNA and analysis of putative restriction sites in nucleotide sequences. A 1.85 kbp fragment of the rRNA operon from flavescence doree (FD) phytoplasma strain FD70 from France was amplified and cloned, and its nucleotide sequence determined (GenBank acc. no. AF176319). Placement of FD70 in subgroup V-C was verified by analysis of amplified DNA and of the cloned sequence. Hemp dogbane phytoplasma HD1 (AF122912), a member of subgroup V-C, was distinguished from other subgroup V-C phytoplasmas by putative restriction site differences in the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region. A previously published FD phytoplasma sequence (GenBank accession no. X76560) differed from FD70 sequence AF176319 by at least eight nucleotide substitutions and differences in putative restriction sites. The X76560 FD phytoplasma was classified in a new subgroup (V-D). Based on analyses of 16S rDNA GenBank sequence Y16395, Rubus stunt phytoplasma was classified in new subgroup V-E. The revised classification was supported by sequence similarities, group 16SrV-characteristic sequences, and a phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences. C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 85 IS 7 BP 790 EP 797 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.7.790 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 445KY UT WOS:000169457700019 ER PT J AU Carson, ML AF Carson, ML TI Inheritance of resistance to phaeosphaeria leaf spot of maize SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Phaeosphaeria leaf spot is a potentially important maize disease that has recently appeared in the continental United States in winter breeding nurseries in southern Florida. Inbred lines related to B73 are particularly susceptible to Phaeosphaeria leaf spot, whereas inbreds related to Mo17 are highly resistant. The inheritance of resistance to Phaeosphaeria leaf spot was studied in the parents, F-1, F-2, and backcross generations derived from the cross B73 x Mo17. A replicated experiment was conducted over two winter nursery seasons in a southern Florida nursery. Individual plants in plots were evaluated for Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity (0 to 9 scale) at the mid-dent stage of kernel development. Variation in segregating generations appeared continuous, so generation mean analysis was used. Additive and, to a lesser extent, dominance gene action were determined to play a role in the inheritance of reaction to Phaeosphaeria leaf spot. There was no evidence for epistatic gene interactions. Heritabilities (both narrow and broadsense) were high (0.70 to 0.85) and the magnitude of genotype x environment interactions was low. Estimates of the number of effective factors (genes) involved in the inheritance of resistance ranged from three to four. Selection should be highly effective in developing inbred lines with adequate levels of resistance to Phaeosphaeria leaf spot. C1 ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carson, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 85 IS 7 BP 798 EP 800 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.7.798 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 445KY UT WOS:000169457700020 ER PT J AU Hart, RH AF Hart, RH TI Plant biodiversity on shortgrass steppe after 55 years of zero, light, moderate, or heavy cattle grazing SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Buchloe dactyloides; dominance; evenness; Great Plains; species richness ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SPECIES RICHNESS; LARGE HERBIVORES; LONG-TERM; DIVERSITY; VEGETATION; FIRE; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT AB Shortgrass steppe rangeland near Nunn, Colorado, USA, has been lightly, moderately, or heavily grazed by cattle, or protected from grazing in exclosures, for 55 years. Plant species biodiversity and evenness were greatest in lightly- and moderately-grazed pastures. Both pastures were dominated by the warm-season shortgrass Bouteloua gracilis, but the cool-season midgrasses Pascopyrum smithii and Stipa comata contributed significantly to biomass production on the lightly-grazed pasture, as they did in the exclosures. Diversity was least in the exclosures, which were strongly dominated by the cactus Opuntia polyacantha. Buchloe dactyloides, another warm-season shortgrass, and Bouteloua gracilis were co-dominants under heavy grazing, and diversity was intermediate. Plant community structure and diversity were controlled by selective grazing by cattle and soil disturbance by cattle and rodents. Shortgrass steppe moderately or heavily grazed by cattle was similar to and probably as sustainable as steppe grazed for millenia by bison and other wild ungulates. C1 ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, USDA, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Hart, RH (reprint author), ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, USDA, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 34 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1023/A:1013273400543 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 501ZW UT WOS:000172718700011 ER PT J AU Cock, JM McCormick, S AF Cock, JM McCormick, S TI A large family of genes that share homology with CLAVATA3 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE; RECEPTOR-KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; GENOME SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; BRASSICA; SHOOT C1 Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Unite Mixte Rech 5667, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cock, JM (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Unite Mixte Rech 5667, 46 Allee Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. EM Mark.Cock@ens-lyon.fr NR 19 TC 181 Z9 222 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 126 IS 3 BP 939 EP 942 DI 10.1104/pp.126.3.939 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 452XD UT WOS:000169884200006 PM 11457943 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Mislevy, P Ray, JD AF Sinclair, TR Mislevy, P Ray, JD TI Short photoperiod inhibits winter growth of subtropical grasses SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE cynodon (forage yield); forage yield; Paspalum (forage yield); photoperiod; subtropical grasses ID BERMUDAGRASS; REGISTRATION AB Grass development is influenced by length of photoperiod, but no direct measurements under natural conditions exist on mass accumulation in response to photoperiod by subtropical grass species. Grasslands of the subtropics are a major resource, but their growth is inhibited substantially during the short-photoperiod months. This research was designed to examine the consequences on grass production under field conditions when the limitation of short photoperiod is artificially removed. Lights, which extended the daylength to 15 h, were placed over plots of four subtropical forage grasses representing three species (Paspalum notatum Flugge; Cynodon dactylon L.; Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) to measure their mass accumulation in response to extended photoperiod in a 2-year experiment. Forage yields in all grasses at 5-week harvests during the time of shortest daylength were increased up to 6.2-fold more than the yield under the natural daylength. For the 4.5-month period of shortest daylength in each year, forage yields were increased for all grasses with one grass having a yield increase of 3.6-fold under the extended photoperiod as compared to natural daylength. These results demonstrated that selection of grasses that are insensitive to photoperiod could substantially increase forage yield of subtropical grasslands to benefit animal production and enhance carbon sequestration. C1 USDA ARS, SAA, CMAVE, CGERU, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, CMAVE, CGERU, IFAS Bldg 350,2005 SW 23rd St,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUL PY 2001 VL 213 IS 3 BP 488 EP 491 DI 10.1007/s004250100611 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 461ND UT WOS:000170369600021 PM 11506374 ER PT J AU Pesall, JE McFarland, DC McMurtry, JP Clapper, JA Francis, GL Gilkerson, KK AF Pesall, JE McFarland, DC McMurtry, JP Clapper, JA Francis, GL Gilkerson, KK TI The effect of insulin-like growth factor analogs on turkey satellite cell and embryonic myoblast proliferation SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; insulin-like growth factor; satellite cell; muscle; myoblast ID IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; FACTOR-II; FACTOR RECEPTORS; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; INVITRO; RATS AB The effects of several human and chicken insulin-like growth factor (IGF) analogs on turkey satellite cell and embryonic myoblast proliferation were examined in serum-free medium. Similar rates of proliferation were observed when human or chicken IGF-I or IGF-II (13.1 nM) was administered to satellite cells. The biopotency of two analogs, which were modified to prevent interaction with IGF-binding proteins, was also examined. Human Des(1-6)LGF-II was equipotent to native human and chicken IGF-II. However, the chicken LR3 IGF-I analog was significantly less active toward satellite cells and embryonic myoblasts compared with chicken IGF-I. Human [Leu(27)] ICF-II, an analog designed to have reduced affinity to the ICF Type I receptor but unaltered binding to ICF-binding proteins, had a diminished effect on cell proliferation. Examination of IGF receptor binding characteristics revealed that chicken LR3 IGF-I had reduced ability to compete with [I-125]hIGF-I for binding to satellite cells or embryonic myoblasts compared with chicken ICF-I. The observed biological responses to IGF suggest that IGF-binding proteins have little effect on Type I IGF receptor action in these cell types in serum-free medium. The results also suggest that alterations of the ICE molecule to prevent interaction with binding proteins may also alter receptor binding affinity. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Muscle Biol Labs, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. GEOPEP PTY LTD, CRC Tissue Growth & Repair, Thebarton, SA 5031, Australia. RP McFarland, DC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Muscle Biol Labs, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Douglas_McFarland@sdstate.edu NR 32 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 80 IS 7 BP 944 EP 948 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 452JN UT WOS:000169854700019 PM 11469659 ER PT J AU Christensen, VL McMurtry, JP Donaldson, WE Nestor, KE AF Christensen, VL McMurtry, JP Donaldson, WE Nestor, KE TI Incubation temperature affects plasma insulin-like growth factors in embryos from selected lines of turkeys SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insulin-like growth factor; embryo; temperature; turkey; hatching ID FACTOR-I; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; IGF-I; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; EGG-PRODUCTION; CHICKEN; DIFFERENTIATION; RECEPTORS; SURVIVAL; PROTEINS AB An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that incubator temperature may affect circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II). In prior studies, growth of turkey embryos was altered by increasing incubator temperatures. Interestingly, the embryonic growth of a growth-selected line (F) was reduced, whereas embryos from an egg-production-selected line (E) did not alter embryonic growth but altered organogenesis. Growth of the F and E lines was altered experimentally in the current study by increasing incubator temperature from 36.8 to 37.2 C during the last 3 d of incubation. Embryonic blood samples were taken and analyzed for glucose, glucagon, IGF-I, and IGF-II concentrations. Increased incubator temperature elevated embryonic plasma glucose concentrations of all treatments compared to controls, which was accompanied by increased plasma glucagon concentration only in the E line embryos. Line and treatment interacted to affect IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations of embryo and hatchlings. Line E embryos increased IGF-I in response to the higher temperature, but controls did not; F embryos altered IGF-II in response to treatment, but controls did not. Alterations in IGF-I in E corresponded to growth responses, whereas IGF-II in F corresponded to metabolic responses. We concluded that changes in turkey embryo growth rates to incubator temperature involved changes in IGF-I. Additionally, IGF-II and glucagon are involved in intermediary metabolism during higher temperature exposure. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Christensen, VL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Box 7608, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 80 IS 7 BP 949 EP 954 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 452JN UT WOS:000169854700020 PM 11469660 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Holt, PS TI Assessing the frequency and consequences of Salmonella enteritidis deposition on the egg yolk membrane SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; egg; deposition; yolk membrane; refrigeration ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED EGGS; PHAGE TYPE-4; SHELL EGGS; GROWTH; ALBUMIN; STORAGE; CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; TEMPERATURE AB The site of deposition of Salmonella enteritidis in eggs could influence the extent to which this pathogen multiplies before refrigeration achieves growth-inhibiting internal temperatures. The first part of this study sought to determine whether S. enteritidis inoculated onto the exterior (vitelline) membrane surface of egg yolks was able to penetrate into and multiply within the yolk contents. When 10(2) cfu of S. enteritidis was inoculated onto the exterior surface of intact egg yolks, multiplication within the interior yolk contents occurred in 10% of samples after 6 h of incubation and in 75% of samples after 24 h at 25 C (reaching mean levels of about 10(4) cfu/ml) but in only 20% of samples incubated for 72 h at 15 C. The second part of this study applied an oral infection model in laying hens to establish the relative proportions of contaminated eggs in which S. enteritidis deposition was associated with the yolk membrane or was found inside the yolk contents. Although approximately 4.3% of egg yolks were positive for S. enteritidis when both yolk contents and membranes were sampled, only about 0.5% of samples of yolk contents (without membranes) were positive. Although deposition of S. enteritidis within egg yolks appears to occur infrequently, rapid refrigeration of eggs is necessary to prevent the penetration of S. enteritidis into and multiplication within egg yolks. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 80 IS 7 BP 997 EP 1002 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 452JN UT WOS:000169854700028 PM 11469668 ER PT J AU Miller, GL Jensen, AS Stoetzel, MB AF Miller, GL Jensen, AS Stoetzel, MB TI Lectotype designations of two species of Lachninae described by H. F. Wilson (Hemiptera : Aphididae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; Lachninae; Eulachnus thunbergii Wilson; Cinara thunbergii (Wilson); Lachniella thunbergii Wilson; lectotype; paralectotype; new combination AB Examination of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Aphidoidea Collection confirmed the presence of two species of Lachninae previously described by H. E Wilson. The types of one species were thought to have been lost but have been rediscovered. Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for Eulachnus thunbergii Wilson and Lachniella thunbergii Wilson. Cinara thunbergii (Wilson) represents a new combination for Lachniella thunbergii Wilson. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 103 IS 3 BP 554 EP 557 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 446QG UT WOS:000169523500005 ER PT J AU Knutson, L Orth, RE AF Knutson, L Orth, RE TI Sepedon mcphersoni, N. sp., key to north American Sepedon, groups in Sepedon s.s., and intra- and intergeneric comparison (Diptera : Sciomyzidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE snail-killing flies; taxonomy; classification; biocontrol agents ID LARVAE; FLIES; GENETICS AB Sepedon mcphersoni, new species, from southern illinois, U.S.A., is described and illustrated, and a key to the 20 North American species of Sepedon is presented. The classification of the genus Sepedon and six related genera is discussed. All known species of Sepedon are classified in nine groups including the subgenus Parasepedon Verbeke 1950 as the Trichrooscelis group, the subgenus Mesosepedon Verbeke 1950 as the Dispersa group, and the genus Sepedomyia Verbeke 1950 as the Nasuta group. A character matrix of the groups of Sepedon and related genera is included. Publications on the life cycles and/or immature stages of Sepedon and related genera are summarized. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Knutson, L (reprint author), 4 Rue Erables, F-34830 Clapiers, France. NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 103 IS 3 BP 620 EP 635 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 446QG UT WOS:000169523500011 ER PT J AU Brown, JW AF Brown, JW TI Species turnover in the leafrollers (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) of plummers island, maryland: Assessing a century of inventory data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE species inventory; species discovery curve; succession; local extinction; habitat management; conservation ID HABITAT AB During the period 1900 through 1999, 119 species of tortricid moths (leaf-rollers) have been present at one time or another on Plummers Island and the adjacent northern shore of the Potomac River, Maryland. The number of species of leafrollers documented has declined over the last century from 71 in the decade 1900-1909 to 59 in the decade 1990-1999-a reduction of 17% in species richness. Of 71 species recorded from the turn of the century, only 30 are still present. With 41 apparent species extinctions and 29 apparent species colonizations, species turnover is 54%. Because of potential differences in sampling methods (e.g., equipment, diurnal vs, nocturnal, and frequency) between the two decades, "inventories" for the two decades are not strictly comparable. Hence these calculations do not represent precise measurements of changes in the fauna. Nonetheless, it is highly likely that they reflect the overall trend. Of six species described from Plummers Island just after the turn of the century, only one was detected during recent survey work. The most likely explanation for changes in the species composition of the site is faunal response to plant community succession. Since the turn of the last century, vegetation of the island has changed from an open juniper grassland to a submature hickory-maple-oak woodland. The adjacent northern shore, likewise, has undergone considerable succession. The hypothesis that changes in the fauna are the result of succession is consistent with the proposal that habitat maturation is the mechanism behind regional declines of several bird and mammal species that require early successional habitat in the northeastern United States. C1 USDA ARS, PSI,Smithosian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI,Smithosian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 103 IS 3 BP 673 EP 685 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 446QG UT WOS:000169523500015 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, SH TI Review of the Nearctic species of Limotettix (Scleroracus Van Duzee) leafhoppers (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Deltocephalinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Frigartus; vector; cranberry; phytopathogen; Membracoidea AB Descriptions, illustrations, distributions, host plant records, and an identification key are provided for the 32 Nearctic species of the subgenus Limotettix (Scleroracus), tribe Athysanini, which includes at least two species (one Nearctic) known to vector phytopathogens. Two new synonymies are proposed: Frigartus Oman to synonymy under Limotettix (Scleroracus); and Ophiola uhleri speculatus Ball to synonymy under L. (S.) uhleri Ball. One new combination is proposed, L. (S.) frigidus (Ball) (from Frigartus). A lectotype is designated for Athysanus frigidus Ball. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Hist Museum, Smithsonian Inst, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Hist Museum, Smithsonian Inst, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 103 IS 3 BP 686 EP 753 PG 68 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 446QG UT WOS:000169523500016 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW Hoebeke, ER AF Lingafelter, SW Hoebeke, ER TI Variation and homology in elytral maculation in the Anoplophora malasiaca/macularia species complex (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) of Japan and Taiwan SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Asian Longhorned Beetle; Anoplophora; Cerambycidae; Lamiinae; Lamiini; woodborer; white-spotted citrus longhorn; Japan; Taiwan; systematics; morphoclinal variation AB A description and assessment of elytral maculation and variation is provided for the following Anoplsphora taxa in Japan and Taiwan: Anoplophora malasiaca (Thomson, 1865), A. malasiaca tokunoshimana Samuelson (1965), A. macularia (Thomson, 1865), A. oshimana (Fairmaire, 1895), A. oshimana ryukyensis Breuning and K. Ohbayashi (1964), and A. ogasawaraensis Makihara (1976). Elytral maculae are homologized and compared based on their position to each other and to other elytral features. Because considerable overlap in patterns of maculation; occurs among members of the A. malasiaca/macularia complex, we conclude that elytral maculation alone should not be used to define these taxa. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Hist Museum, Smithsonian Inst, PSI,SWL, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Hist Museum, Smithsonian Inst, PSI,SWL, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 103 IS 3 BP 757 EP 769 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 446QG UT WOS:000169523500018 ER PT J AU Roche, D Hanna, WW Ozias-Akins, P AF Roche, D Hanna, WW Ozias-Akins, P TI Is supernumerary chromatin involved in gametophytic apomixis of polyploid plants? SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE apomixis; genome rearrangements; hemizygosity; hybridization; polyploidy; supernumerary chromatin ID B-CHROMOSOME; RANUNCULUS-AURICOMUS; SEX DETERMINATION; MAIZE; EVOLUTION; TRIPSACUM; DNA; APOSPORY; ORIGIN; BEHAVIOR AB Gametophytic apomixis, or unreduced embryo sac development that results in asexual reproduction through seeds, occurs in several families of angiosperms and must be polyphyletic in origin. The molecular mechanisms underlying gametophytic apomixis have not been discovered and are the subject of intense investigation. A common feature of almost all apomicts is their polyploid nature. From genetic mapping studies in both monocots and dicots, there is low genetic recombination associated with a single (rarely two), dominant locus for either aposporous or diplosporous embryo sac formation. In Pennisetum squamulatum and Cenchrus ciliaris, some DNA sequences mapping to the apospory locus are unique to apomictic genotypes and apparently hemizygous. This sequence divergence at the apomixis locus could be a consequence of genome rearrangements and isolation from genetic recombination, both of which may have contributed to the definition of a chromosomal region as supernumerary. The possible involvement of supernumerary chromatin, formed as a result of interspecific hybridization, in the origin of apomixis, is explored here. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Roche, D (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 79 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 13 IS 6 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s004970100094 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA 457JM UT WOS:000170133800008 ER PT J AU Bengston, DN AF Bengston, DN TI Attitudes toward ecosystem management in the United States, 1992-1998 SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE attitudes; computer-coded; content analysis; ecosystem management; news media ID PUBLIC-ATTITUDES; FEDERAL FORESTS; VALUES; JUDGMENTS; KNOWLEDGE; CONFLICT; OWNERS; OREGON AB Ecosystem management has been formally adopted by a large number of state and federal agencies and by forest products firms and associations. But little research has examined people's attitudes toward this new approach to natural resource management. This study used computer methods to measure favorable and unfavorable attitudes toward ecosystem management expressed in 1500 online news media stories over the period 1992 through 1998. We found that ecosystem management is on the downside of the "issue attention cycle," with the total quantity of discussion of this concept rising in the early 1990s, declining during the mid 1990s, and leveling out in recent years. We also found that about 78% of all attitudes expressed about ecosystem management in news stories have been favorable, comparable to past research based on surveys of the public. Our analysis suggests that ecosystem management may have become a "settled" (i.e., noncontroversial) issue with broad public acceptance. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington State Dept Transportat, Environm Affairs Off, Olympia, WA USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bengston, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 14 IS 6 BP 471 EP 487 DI 10.1080/08941920120207 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 449PZ UT WOS:000169696700002 ER PT J AU Gu, YH Mazzola, M AF Gu, YH Mazzola, M TI Impact of carbon starvation on stress resistance, survival in soil habitats and biocontrol ability of Pseudomonas putida strain 2C8 SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Rhizoctonia; Pseudomonas; rhizosphere ID INDUCED CROSS PROTECTION; BLACK ROOT-ROT; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; NUTRIENT STARVATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; APPLE ROOTS; RHIZOSPHERE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SIDEROPHORES AB Exposure to carbon-limited growth conditions has been shown to induce resistance to a variety of environmental stresses in bacteria. Adaptation to nutrient-limited conditions by repeated culture on soil agar media was found to induce resistance to osmotic tension, oxidative stress and carbon limited culture conditions in Pseudomonas putida strain 2C8. Rifampicin resistant derivatives of strain 2C8 adapted to nutrient-limited conditions (strains 2C8-26A(rif) and 2C8-28C(rif)) did not exhibit enhanced survival in bulk soil relative to the parental strain. However, colonization of the apple rhizosphere by 2C8-26A(rif) and 2C8-28C(rif) was superior to that of the parental strain. 2C8(rif). Improved colonization of the apple rhizosphere was not the result of an elevated ability to utilize apple root exudates as a sole carbon source; Enhanced colonization of the rhizosphere by carbon starved derivatives of 2C8(rif) was associated with improved biological control of Rhizoctonia root rot of apple caused by an introduced strain of Rhizoctonia solani AG 5. These findings demonstrate that inoculum production conditions can significantly alter the survival and efficacy of strain 2C8. and should be carefully considered in optimizing the use of this biocontrol rhizobacterium. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1155 EP 1162 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00019-0 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 454KG UT WOS:000169971300002 ER PT J AU Israel, DW Mikkelsen, RL AF Israel, DW Mikkelsen, RL TI Soybean as a receiver crop for nitrogen in swine lagoon effluent SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soybean; N-15 natural abundance; nitrogen receiver; nitrogen nutrition; lagoon effluent; waste management AB Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) has been approved by the Natural Resource Conservation Service as a receiver crop for N in swine lagoon effluent applied to spray fields. However, its efficacy as a N receiver crop depends on the sensitivity of symbiotic N-2 fixation to inhibition by N in the applied effluent. The objectives of this study were to use a N-15 natural abundance method to (i) assess the degree of inhibition of symbiotic N-2 fixation in soybean by applied effluent N and (ii) determine the quantity of effluent N removed from the soil in harvested seed of nodulating soybean. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate seed yield; seed N accumulation and whole shoot N accumulation of nodulating and nonnodulating soybean cultivars supplied a range of N levels as either lagoon effluent or ammonium nitrate. Measurement of N-15 natural abundances indicated that, on average, 27% of the N in seed of nodulating cultivars supplied 200 kg of plant-available N (PAN)/ha as swine lagoon effluent was derived from symbiotic N-2 fixation. While this effluent N rate did not inhibit N-2 fixation completely, seed N recovery of 100 kg effluent N/ha (1997 trial) and 64 kg effluent N/ha (1998 trial) was not different between the nodulating and nonnodulating cultivars. Similar recovery of effluent N in nodulating and nonnodulating cultivars, even though inhibition of N-2 fixation by the nodulating cultivar was incomplete, resulted from the nodulating cultivars having higher yields and harvest indices than the nonnodulating cultivar. Subtraction of seed N at maturity from whole shoot N at the R6.5 growth stage (between full seed stage and physiological maturity) was used to estimate crop N returned to the soil. This estimate indicated that nodulating and nonnodulating cultivars returned similar amounts of N to the soil. Our results show that nodulating soybeans can recover as much applied effluent N in seed as a 6.3 Mg/ha (100 bu/ac) corn crop. C1 ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Israel, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 453 EP 464 DI 10.1097/00010694-200107000-00003 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 457HE UT WOS:000170130400003 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Edwards, JH Norton, LD AF Rhoton, FE Edwards, JH Norton, LD TI Physical and chemical properties of fragipan horizon materials amended with fluidized bed combustion ash SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amorphous silica; soil strength; slaking ID PROFILE MODIFICATION; SOIL; FRAGIUDALF AB Fragipan horizon strength, which has been attributed to Si cementation, limits soil productivity by restricting the depth of root growth and water movement. Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash, a high pH material, was evaluated as a potential amendment to dissolve the cementing agent and decrease the strength of the horizon. Fragipan horizon samples (<2 mm) weighing 1.5 kg were mixed with FBC ash (<0.5 nun) at rates equivalent to 0, 11.2, 22.4, and 44.8 Mg ha(-1), placed in 1650 cm(3) cylinders, and wetted to 40% of the sample weight with distilled water. Five replicates were prepared for each treatment. The cylinders were sealed and equilibrated for periods of 30, 90, 180, and 365 days. At each sampling period, soil materials were characterized for strength by modulus of rupture (MR), pH, and acid ammonium oxalate (AAO) and citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extractable Fe, Al, Si, Ca, and Mg. Soil solutions extracted from the samples were analyzed for the water soluble component of the same elements. Modulus of rupture averaged over the 365 days equaled 0.43, 0.94, 0.83, and 0.42 MPa in increasing order of amendment rate. Water soluble Si and Mg in the soil extracts exhibited the most consistent response to treatment. Silica concentrations for the four sampling periods averaged 30.1, 7.3, 4.6, and 3.2 mg kg(-1), whereas, Mg averaged 0.20, 174.0, 82.5, and 6.0 mg kg(-1), respectively. Linear regression models and correlation coefficients determined for MR versus soil and water chemistry indicated that water soluble Mg was the most highly correlated property and explained 79% of the variability as a single variable model. The results suggest that at relatively low Ca/Mg ratios, Mg acts as a dispersing agent and contributes to the development of greater soil strengths (MR) at the lower amendment rates following Si cementation. At the higher amendment rates, the dispersive effects of Mg are eliminated by its precipitation with Si as a poorly crystalline mineral and by the large increase in Ca concentrations. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA. RP Rhoton, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM rhoton@sedlab.olemiss.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1097/00010694-200107000-00004 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 457HE UT WOS:000170130400004 ER PT J AU Vrugt, JA Hopmans, JW Simunek, J AF Vrugt, JA Hopmans, JW Simunek, J TI Calibration of a two-dimensional root water uptake model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNSATURATED FLOW; IRRIGATION; EXTRACTION; TRANSPORT; EQUATION; GROWTH AB Although solutions of multidimensional transient water flow can be obtained by numerical modeling, their application may be limited in part as root water uptake is generally considered to be one-dimensional only. The objective of this study was to develop and test a two-dimensional root water uptake model, which can be incorporated into numerical multidimensional flow models. The two-dimensional uptake model is based on the model by Raats, but is extended with a radial component. Subsequently, the root water uptake model was incorporated into a two-dimensional flow model, and root water uptake parameters were optimized, minimizing the residuals between measured and simulated water content data. Water content was measured around a sprinkler-irrigated almond tree (Prunus laurocerasus M-J.Roem) for a 16-d period at 25 locations, following irrigation. To calibrate the flow and root water uptake model, a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to find the approximate global minimum of the optimized parameter space. The final fitting parameters were determined using the Simplex algorithm (SA). With the optimized root water uptake parameters, simulated and measured water contents during the 16-d period were in excellent agreement, with R-2 values generally ranging between 0.94 and 0.99 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.015 m(3) m(-3). The developed root water uptake model is extremely flexible and allows spatial variations of water uptake as influenced by nonuniform (drip irrigation) and uniform water application patterns. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Hydrol Program, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1018 VZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Riverside, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 95207 USA. RP Hopmans, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Hydrol Program, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008; Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 38 TC 132 Z9 150 U1 5 U2 58 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1037 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400001 ER PT J AU Wu, L Skaggs, TH Shouse, PJ Ayars, JE AF Wu, L Skaggs, TH Shouse, PJ Ayars, JE TI State space analysis of soil water and salinity regimes in a loam soil underlain by shallow groundwater SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; TABLE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MOISTURE; FIELDS AB Improved methods of irrigation scheduling are needed to reduce irrigation and drainage water volumes while not affecting yield. State space models based on mass balance principles and empirical flux laws can be used to estimate and forecast soil water and salinity regimes in the field. In this research, a state space model was developed that describes soil water and salinity dynamics and includes the effects of shallow, saline groundwater. The model was evaluated using daily time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements of the soil water content (theta) and bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECb). Data were collected throughout the 1997 growing season in a field where cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was being grown using an experimental shallow groundwater management technique that was designed to reduce both irrigation and drainage volumes. The model was tested by supposing that either weekly or biweekly profile-averaged measurements of theta and ECb, were available, and then comparing the resulting filtered model forecasts with the full data set. The results show that the measured water content was within the predicted confidence intervals of 1- or 2-wk forecasts of the profile-averaged water content, soil water EC (ECw), and EC of saturated extract (ECe), even though the performance of the model in predicting the resident salt concentration (mass of salt per volume of soil) was less satisfactory. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Wu, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1074 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400005 ER PT J AU Staddon, WJ Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM AF Staddon, WJ Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM TI Microbiological characteristics of a vegetative buffer strip soil and degradation and sorption of metolachlor SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN TILLAGE SYSTEMS; HERBICIDE RETENTION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SURFACE RUNOFF; FILTER STRIPS; ALACHLOR; PESTICIDES; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT AB Numerous studies have documented efficacy of vegetated buffer strips (VBS) in removing herbicides from surface runoff. Little is known about the fate of herbicides after deposition in buffer strip soil. Soil samples (0- to 2-cm depth) were collected from a buffer strip and an adjacent bare field (BF). Soil organic C was two-fold higher in VBS than in BF, and VBS soil maintained about 0.7 log(10) greater propagule density of total fungi and bacteria and 2 log(10) greater gram-negative bacteria and fluorescent pseudomonads. Corresponding with enhanced microbial populations, VBS exhibited higher endogenous levels of alkaline phosphatase, tetrazolium chloride dehydrogenase, aryl acylamidase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity (1.6- to 3.8-fold greater than BF). Batch studies of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide] sorption showed greater capacity to sorb metolachlor in VBS soil than in BF (K-d 2.25 vs. 1.60 mL g(-1)). Soil treated with AC metolachlor (1.25 mg kg(-1)) was incubated for 46 d in a laboratory study. Limited mineralization (<4%) was observed for both VBS and BF. Less C-14 (43%) was extracted from VBS samples 46 d after treatment. Extractable fractions consisted primarily of metolachlor, although increasing amounts of polar (e.g., sulfonic acid) and nonpolar metabolites were recovered over time, especially in VBS. Metolachlor half-life was 10 and 23 d for soils from VBS and BF. respectively, attributed to higher levels of organic matter and microbial activity in VBS soils. Data suggest retention and enhanced degradation of metolachlor as it passes through VBS strips may limit further transport. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. RP Locke, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 57 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1142 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400015 ER PT J AU Bronson, KF Onken, AB Keeling, JW Booker, JD Torbert, HA AF Bronson, KF Onken, AB Keeling, JW Booker, JD Torbert, HA TI Nitrogen response in cotton as affected by tillage system and irrigation level SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL METER; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; HIGH-PLAINS; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZATION; SOIL AB More than 0.5 million ha of irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are grown in the Southern High Plains of Texas. Conservation tillage cotton in terminated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been shown to improve water use efficiency and reduce wind erosion. However, limited N fertilizer response research has been done in this system. The objective of this 3-yr field study at Lubbock, TX was to characterize the response to N fertilizer (0, 28, 56, 84, or 112 kg N ha(-1)) at varying irrigation levels [0, 25, 50, or 75 % Evapotranspiration (ET) replacement] for conventional and conservation tillage cotton in an Acuff loam (fine loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic, Aridic Paleustoll). Additionally, we tested the chlorophyll meter as an indicator of in-season N status of cotton and compared it to petiole NO3-N analysis. Cotton lint yields showed a quadratic response to irrigation level in 1996 and 1997, and a linear response in the drought year of 1998. Maximum lint yield varied from 71 to 97% ET replacement. In 1997 and 1998, cotton lint yields responded to N at the 50 and 75% estimated ET replacement irrigation levels, but not at the 0 or 25% ET levels. Quadratic-plateau models indicated that 19 to 38 kg N additional fertilizer ha(-1) was needed to produce economically optimum lint yields near 1100 kg N ha(-1) with conservation tillage than with conventional tillage. Chlorophyll meter and petiole NO3-N readings were positively related to N rate but were not affected by tillage system. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Bronson, KF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, RR3,Box 219, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 28 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1163 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400017 ER PT J AU Stecker, JA Brown, JR Kitchen, NR AF Stecker, JA Brown, JR Kitchen, NR TI Residual phosphorus distribution and sorption in starter fertilizer bands applied in no-till culture SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; PLACEMENT; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; FIELDS; WHEAT; CORN AB Banding fertilizer P in no-till culture results in a heterogeneous soil P distribution for months to years. This study's objective was to quantify the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of banded P to improve assessment of soil P availability. In three trials for no-till corn (Zea mays L.) and from four replicated plots each, we collected a grid of 1.3 by 1.3 cm samples around 10 and 20 kg P ha(-1) starter fertilizer bands at similar to6, 12, and 18 mo after application. Soils were Mexico silty clay loam (Mollic Epiaqualf), Putnam silty clay loam (Vertic Albaqualf), and Dockery silt loam (Aquic Udifluvent). Band affected soil was defined as having a Bray-1 P concentration of at least 1.5 times that of adjacent soil. Band dimensions varied from 5 to 8 cm (horizontal) and 5 to 12 cm (vertical), and tended to be largest at the 12-mo sampling. Cross-sectional area of bands ranged from 18 to 63 cm(2). Band P concentrations decreased logarithmically from the band center, and were largest at either 6 or 12 mo, and varied substantially along the direction of band application. Band P concentrations ranged from 100 to 313 mg P kg(-1) at 6 mo, 56 to 415 mg P kg(-1) at 12 mo, and 63 to 237 mg P kg(-1) at 18 mo (avg. of the six most concentrated samples of the 20 kg P ha(-1) bands). Soil in the band center was weakly buffered and appeared to be more easily extracted by the Bray-1 extractant than nonband affected soil. Inclusion of bands in soil samples would increase the risk to overestimate available P to a crop. C1 Univ Missouri, Soil Testing Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Stecker, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Soil Testing Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1183 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400019 ER PT J AU Lee, BD Graham, RC Laurent, TE Amrhein, C Creasy, RM AF Lee, BD Graham, RC Laurent, TE Amrhein, C Creasy, RM TI Spatial distributions of soil chemical conditions in a serpentinitic wetland and surrounding landscape SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TRINITY PERIDOTITE; HEAVY-METALS; NICKEL; OXIDES; IRON AB Soils formed from serpentinite contain an abundance of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, and Mg, and low concentrations of the plant-essential nutrients Ca and K. The resulting vegetation is commonly xeromorphic and characteristically stunted. This study was conducted to (i) determine the spatial distributions of heavy metals and exchangeable cations (M-e) in an ultramafic wetland and surrounding landslide terrain, and (U) to interpret the distributions relative to environmental conditions and pedogenic processes on the component landscape positions. Distributions of dithionite-extractable metals (M-d) and M-e in surface soils (0-15 cm depth) were assessed by kriging and by landscape units, characteristic landscape position, soils, and vegetation. Abundance of M(e)s ranked in the following order: Mg > Ca much greater than K > Mn > Na > Ni. The Ca/Mg ratios range from 0.13 to 3.77 (mean 0.43), with the highest ratios in a landscape unit with nonserpentine metamorphic colluvium over serpentinitic residuum. Exchangeable cations are concentrated within the wetland relative to surrounding terrain. Dithionite-extractable Fe, Mn, and Ni are concentrated in soils on the oxidizing, nonhydric lower landscape positions, near the hydrologic discharge point of the wetland. Chromium and Al are concentrated in the nonhydric upper landscape positions. Due to reducing conditions, the wetland contains low concentrations Of M-d relative to the surrounding nonhydric terrain. Large vegetation differences between moisture class coupled with moderate vegetation differences between landscape units within the same moisture class, suggest that vegetation occurrence within the study area is controlled primarily by hydrology, and secondarily by elemental conditions. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Happy Camp, CA 96039 USA. RP Lee, BD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 57 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1183 EP 1196 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400020 ER PT J AU Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, Y Snyder, VA Bryant, RB AF Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, Y Snyder, VA Bryant, RB TI Water budget approach to quantify corn grain yields under variable rooting depths SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; MANAGEMENT; FERTILITY; STRESS AB This study investigated the relationships between corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and weather over a range of soil rooting depths with and without irrigation. The purpose was to test if variability of corn grain yield over a range of soil rooting depths could be reduced if water is supplied via irrigation. An additional goal was to test a simple water balance simulation model which calculates a seasonal moisture stress index based on relative evapotranspiration deficits. Such a water budget model could be used to estimate variations in corn grain yields as a function of spatial differences in soil depth and available water holding capacity in site specific agriculture. Com grain yields were measured over a 3-yr period from 70 plots at the Cornell University Robert Musgrave Research Farm at Aurora, NY, USA. Soil depths ranged from 0.2 to 1 in. During one year of the study, paired irrigated and non irrigated plots were placed at locations that had varying soil rooting depths. Irrigation resulted in significant increases in grain yield with the greatest response occurring on the soils with less than 0.5 in of rooting depth. Yields under irrigation were similar at all soil depths suggesting that, as soil depth decreased on these soils, water was the major limiting factor. The water budget model gave satisfactory estimates of grain yields as a function of soil depth and available water capacity and appears to be a useful too] to estimate corn grain yield as a function of soil depth and available water. The estimated potential yields can be used as a guide for site specific soil management given variations in available water holding capacity that affect potential soil productivity. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Agr Sci, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Soil Crop & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Timlin, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 116,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1219 EP 1226 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400024 ER PT J AU Vervoort, RW Dabney, SM Romkens, MJM AF Vervoort, RW Dabney, SM Romkens, MJM TI Tillage and row position effects on water and solute infiltration characteristics SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BRILLIANT BLUE FCF; SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; FIELD SOIL; MACROPORES; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; SYSTEMS; TRACER AB Biological channels and wheel track compaction zones increase heterogeneity of soil properties affecting infiltration, runoff, erosion, and solute movement. We hypothesized that crop, tillage system, and position relative to the plant row would alter the rate and pattern of water infiltration into a Grenada silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic, Oxyaquic Fraglossudalfs). We compared plant row (ROW), nontrafficked (UTK) and trafficked interrow (TRK) positions for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown with chisel plow, disk, or no-tillage in the fourth year of a cropping system and tillage study. We used ring and tension infiltration measurements 3 to 10 wk after planting to determine infiltration rate and pore-size distribution. infiltration patterns and mobile water contents were studied by ponding Brilliant Blue FCF dye [(N-ethyl-N[4-[(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]-amino}phenyl) (2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfobenzenemethanaminium hydroxide inner salt, disodium salt)](PYLAM products Co., Garden City, NY) and excavation. Neither tillage nor crop affected ponded infiltration rates that averaged 86.5 mm h(-1) for the ROW, 18.6 mm h(-1) for the UTK, and 2.4 min h(-1) for the TRK position. Sorghum had more pores (0.04 m(3) m(-3)) between 1.0 and 0.2 mm diam. than cotton (0.02 m(3) m(-3)). Deeper and less uniform dye penetration reflected lower mobile water contents under no-tillage (0.04 m(3) m(-3)) compared to tillage (0.20-0.27 m(3) m(-3)). This research confirmed the importance of continuous macropores in solute movement, but ponded infiltration rates were only weakly correlated with maximum dye depth and did not reflect tillage system differences in dye patterns. C1 Univ Sydney, Dept Agr Chem & Soil Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Vervoort, RW (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Agr Chem & Soil Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Vervoort, Rutger/A-8247-2008 OI Vervoort, Rutger/0000-0002-6557-0237 NR 46 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1234 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400025 ER PT J AU Parker, JL Fernandez, IJ Rustad, LE Norton, SA AF Parker, JL Fernandez, IJ Rustad, LE Norton, SA TI Effects of nitrogen enrichment, wildfire, and harvesting on forest-soil carbon and nitrogen SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; MAINE BBWM; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY; NUTRIENT CONTENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; PINE FOREST; NEW-ENGLAND; SPRUCE; FLOOR AB Northern forest soils represent large reservoirs of C and N that may be altered by ecosystem perturbations. Soils at three paired watershed in Maine were investigated as case studies of experimentally elevated N deposition, wildfire, and whole-tree harvesting. Eight years of experimental (NH4)(2)SO4 additions at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine significantly reduced forest-floor CIN ratios from 30.6 to 23.4. Forest-floor C and N pools were lower in the treated watershed (38 Mg C ha(-1), 1612 kg N ha(-1)) compared with the reference (75 Mg C ha(-1), 2372 kg N ha(-1)). Fifty years after wildfire at Acadia National Park, the burned watershed with hardwood regeneration had significantly lower forest-floor C and N concentrations (208 g C kg(-1) soil, 9.9 g N kg(-1) soil) than the reference watershed dominated by a softwoods (437 g C kg(-1) soil, 12.8 g N kg(-1) soil). Forest-floor C and N pools were lower in the burned watershed (27 Mg C ha(-1), 1323 kg N ha(-1)) compared with the reference (71 MgC ha(-1), 2088 kg N ha(-1)). At the Weymouth Point, the harvested watershed regenerated to spruce-fir, the dominant stand type that existed before the harvest, and it had significantly lower forest-floor C concentrations and pools (406 g C kg(-1) soil, 24 Mg C ha(-1)) than the reference (442 g C kg(-1) soil, 39 Mg C ha(-1)) after 17 yr. All perturbations studied were associated with lower forest-floor C pools. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Geol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Fernandez, IJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 61 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1248 EP 1255 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400028 ER PT J AU Hubbert, KR Graham, RC Anderson, MA AF Hubbert, KR Graham, RC Anderson, MA TI Soil and weathered bedrock: Components of a Jeffrey pine plantation substrate SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ROOT DISTRIBUTION; GRANITIC BEDROCK; WATER STATUS; ROCK; FOREST; CALIFORNIA; MORPHOLOGY; TREES AB Virtually all of the commercial forests in the southern Sierra Nevada are on granitic terrain, where bedrock may be weathered to depths > 15 m while soils are <1 m thick. Because plant-available water is depleted in these thin soils by midsummer, study objectives were to characterize the edaphic role of the weathered bedrock relative to the soil. The site was a 30-yr-old Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) plantation growing on relatively thin soils (75 cm in depth) overlying weathered granitic bedrock. The average depth to hard bedrock was 350 cm. A trench was excavated and physical and chemical properties of the soil and bedrock were evaluated. Cation-exchange capacities (CEC) were lower in the weathered bedrock (Cr1 horizon = 4.6 cmol kg(-1)) than in the soil (A horizon = 13.4 cmol kg(-1)), but pH values were similar (4.6-5.5). Organic C content was negligible in the weathered bedrock matrix (<0.1%), but was higher within joint fractures (3.7%), where roots were concentrated, than,within the soil A horizon (2.7%). Carbon/N ratios were much lower in the soil A horizon (19.6) than in the bedrock fractures (62.0). Saturated hydraulic conductivities (K-sat) of the soil and the weathered bedrock were similar and high (8-11 cm h(-1)). Mean root length density (RLD) was greater within the joint fractures than within the soil, but on a whole rock basis bedrock RLD was much lower (<0.08 cm cm(-3)). Total plant-available water storage capacity of 48.8 cm was calculated for the 350 em thickness of regolith, with 14.7 cm (30%) contributed by soil and 34.1 cm (70%) by weathered bedrock. Weathered bedrock underlying soils is critical to the survival of forest ecosystems, particularly with regard to water supply, and should not be neglected in ecosystem site evaluations and models. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Hubbert, KR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1255 EP 1262 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400029 ER PT J AU Giardina, CP Ryan, MG Hubbard, RM Binkley, D AF Giardina, CP Ryan, MG Hubbard, RM Binkley, D TI Tree species and soil textural controls on carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; TROPICAL FOREST SOILS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SUBSTRATE QUALITY; SIZE-FRACTIONS; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; GROWTH; LIGNIN AB Terrestrial ecosystem models assume that high quality litter leads to the formation of high quality organic C and N in mineral soil, and that increased soil clay content decreases soil C and N mineralization rates. Few studies in forests, however, have examined the effects of initial litter quality and clay content on C mineralization rates (g C kg(-1) soil C) and net N mineralization rates (g N kg(-1) soil N) in soil. We used 16-mo laboratory incubations of mineral soil sampled from stands of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex loud ssp. latifolia Englem. ex S. Wats.) and aspen (Populas tremuloides Michx.) that varied in clay content (70 to 390 g kg(-1) soil) to examine how soil C and N mineralization rates relate to initial litter quality and soil texture. Aspen litter quality (C/N = 52-71; lignin/N = 26) was higher than pine litter quality (C/N = 82-111; lignin/N = 40-57), but pine soils released an average of 238 g C kg(-1) soil C over 16 mo compared with 103 g C kg(-1) soil C for aspen soils. Higher microbial biomass (mg kg(-1) soil C) under pine also indicates that pine soil C was of higher quality than aspen soil C. Net N mineralization rates did not relate to species or to soil C mineralization rates, and neither C nor N mineralization rates were related to soil clay content. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Giardina, CP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; NR 43 TC 92 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 46 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1272 EP 1279 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400031 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Hemond, HF Montoya, JP Siccama, TG AF Pardo, LH Hemond, HF Montoya, JP Siccama, TG TI Long-term patterns in forest-floor nitrogen-15 natural abundance at Hubbard Brook, NH SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ORGANIC-MATTER; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; N-15 ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM; GRADIENT; SOILS; PRECIPITATION AB To test the hypothesis that delta N-15 in the forest floor remains constant over time, we measured delta N-15 in forest-floor samples from 1969, 1978, 1987, and 1992 at the reference watershed, W6, at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), New Hampshire. The delta N-15 of the Oa horizon increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 3.00 parts per thousand in 1969 to 4.89 parts per thousand in 1978, then decreased significantly to 3.81 parts per thousand in 1987 and remained near that level in 1992. In the Oie horizon, delta N-15 increased significantly from 0.17 parts per thousand. in 1969 to 0.91 parts per thousand in 1978 and remained at the higher level for the later years. Thus delta N-15 was not at steady state in either the Oie or Oa horizon for the period 1969 to 1992 in the reference watershed. These data suggest that even relatively shortterm disruptions of the N cycle (either by anthropogenic or natural disturbance) can alter the delta N-15 in the forest floor, and should be considered in evaluating natural abundance data. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1279 EP 1283 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400032 ER PT J AU Baker, TT Lockaby, BG Conner, WH Meier, CE Stanturf, JA Burke, MK AF Baker, TT Lockaby, BG Conner, WH Meier, CE Stanturf, JA Burke, MK TI Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in four southern forested floodplain communities SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; GREAT DISMAL SWAMP; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; DECAY-RATES; MASS-LOSS; WETLAND; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Decomposition of site-specific litter mixtures was monitored for 100 wk in four floodplain communities: (i) a mixed oak community along the Cache River in central Arkansas, (ii) a sweetgum (Liquid-ambar styraciflua L.)-cherrybark oak (Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell.) community along Iatt Creek in central Louisiana, (iii) a sweetgum-swamp tupelo [Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Wait.) Sarg.] community, and (iv) a laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia Michx.) community along the Coosawhatchie River in southeastern South Carolina. Soil temperature, hydroperiod, and litter quality (C:N, C:P, N:P, lignin:N) were used to interpret differences in the rates of mass loss and nutrient dynamics. After 100 wk, litter mixtures retained 33, 18, 8, and 5% of original mass on the Cache, Coosawhatchie (laurel oak community), Coosawhatchie (sweetgum-swamp tupelo community), and Iatt floodplains. respectively, and these differences appeared related to hydroperiod. Decay rates were comparable to rates reported in similar floodplain environments. Net mineralization of both N and P was observed after 100 wk, but both elements accumulated in litter mixtures periodically. Differences in hydroperiod were observed among the four floodplain communities and decomposition of and nutrient mineralization from litter among them appeared to be inversely related to the number and duration of flood events. Litterbags containing leaf litter of a single-species (i.e.. cherrybark oak) were also monitored on three of the four sites to compare decay rates and nutrient dynamics with the litter mixtures. On the Cache River floodplain, slower decay of poorer quality cherrybark oak litter suggested that litter quality drove decomposition under similar edaphic conditions. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Coll Agr & Home Econ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Baker, TT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Coll Agr & Home Econ, Box 30003,MSC 3AE, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 61 TC 51 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 35 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1334 EP 1347 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 505NG UT WOS:000172918400039 ER PT J AU Jensen, AS AF Jensen, AS TI A cladistic analysis of Dialeurodes, Massilieurodes and Singhiella, with notes and keys to the Nearctic species and descriptions of four new Massilieurodes species (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A large subset of the whitefly genus Dialeurodes was analysed using cladistics. Thirty-five characters and thirty-five species were analysed. The results suggest that the species can be divided into three groups. Appropriate generic names are assigned to these groups based on the placement of the type species of Dialeurodes Cockerell, Massilieurodes Goux and Singhiella Sampson, to each of which species are assigned based on their placement in the cladograms or based on examination of original descriptions. Thirteen species are assigned to Dialeurodes, twenty-four to Singhiella (twenty-three new combinations) and fifteen to Massilieurodes including eleven new combinations and four new species, Massileurodes alabamensis sp.n., M. americanus sp.n., M. curiosa sp.n. and M. myricae sp.n. Discussions of the three genera are provided, along with keys for the identification of the Nearctic species. Descriptions of the adults of three previously described species are presented. Illustrations are provided for all North American members of the three genera. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jensen, AS (reprint author), 9344 Rd 5 NE, Moses Lake, WA 98837 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 26 IS 3 BP 279 EP 310 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00154.x PG 32 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 452TB UT WOS:000169874000002 ER PT J AU Groh, S Kianian, SF Phillips, RL Rines, HW Stuthman, DD Wesenberg, DM Fulcher, RG AF Groh, S Kianian, SF Phillips, RL Rines, HW Stuthman, DD Wesenberg, DM Fulcher, RG TI Analysis of factors influencing milling yield and their association to other traits by QTL analysis in two hexaploid oat populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa; grain quality; kernel morphology; milling yield; QTL ID BETA-GLUCAN CONTENT; LOCI AB Milling yield, or the grain weight from which 100 kg of rolled groats is obtained upon milling. is an important quality characteristic of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.). Kernel morphology and the groat (caryopsis) percentage of the whole kernel including hull are factors that influence milling yield. We mapped QTLs for kernel area, kernel length, kernel width, and groat percentage in two populations of 137 recombinant inbred lines by RFLP and AFLP analysis to evaluate the prospects of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Phenotypic correlations between kernel morphology traits and groat percentage were not significant. For kernel morphology traits and groat percentage, one to five QTLs were detected, explaining 7.0-60.7% of the total phenotypic variance depending on the trait. One QTL for kernel length in each population and one QTL for kernel width in one population were found at the same location as a QTL for groat percentage., indicating that a change in kernel size or shape could have an influence on groat percentage. The positions and effects of QTLs for kernel morphology and groat percentage were compared to QTLs detected previously for chemical grain composition (oil and P-glucan concentration) and agronomic traits to evaluate the selection response on these traits through MAS. Several regions of the oat genome were identified that contained clusters of QTLs influencing two or more traits. While the allele from one parent at a QTL could simultaneously improve two or more traits in one population. it could have opposite effects on the same traits at another QTL or in the other population. Associations among traits were complex and will require careful consideration when employing QTL-marker associations in MAS to avoid negative selection response. Future research to discover candidate genes for those QTL clusters could provide information about trait associations and help in designing selection programs. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 103 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s001220100579 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 457GP UT WOS:000170129000002 ER PT J AU Hsia, CC Anderson, OD AF Hsia, CC Anderson, OD TI Isolation and characterization of wheat omega-gliadin genes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE omega-gliadin; gliadins; wheat; sulfur-poor prolamins; storage proteins ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROLAMIN GENES; FAMILY; BARLEY; GLUTENIN; RYE; DNA AB The DNA sequences of two full-length wheat omega -gliadin prolamin genes (omega F20b and omega G3) containing significant 5' and 3' flanking DNA sequences are reported. The omega F20b DNA sequence contains an open reading frame encoding a 30,460-Dalton protein, whereas the omega G3 sequence would encode a putative 39,210-Dalton protein except for a stop codon at amino-acid residue position 165. These two omega -gliadin genes are closely related and are of the ARQ-/ARE-variant type as categorized by the derived N-terminal amino-acid sequences and aminoacid compositions. The omega -gliadins were believed be related to the omega -secalins of rye and the C-hordeins of barley, and analyses of these complete omega -gliadin sequences confirm this close relationship. Although the omega -type sequences from all three species are closely related, in this analysis the rye and barley co-type sequences are the most similar in a pairwise comparison. A comparison of omega -gliadin flanking sequences with respect to that of their orthologs and with respect to wheat gliadin genes suggests the conservation of flanking DNA necessary for gene function. Sequence data for members of all major wheat prolamin families are now available. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 103 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s00122-001-0552-2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 457GP UT WOS:000170129000005 ER PT J AU He, QR Riley, RT Sharma, RP AF He, QR Riley, RT Sharma, RP TI Fumonisin-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in a porcine kidney cell line is independent of sphingoid base accumulation induced by ceramide synthase inhibition SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B-1; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; sphingoid base; ISP-1; serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; CYCLE ARREST; TNF-ALPHA; IN-SITU; B-1; TOXICITY; SPHINGANINE AB Previous studies have shown that fumonisin B-1 (FB1) inhibits ceramide synthase, resulting in accumulation of free sphinganine and sphingosine. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) plays an important role in FB1 toxicity and the expression of TNF alpha mRNA in liver and kidney is increased following FB1 exposure in mice. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether these two events (sphingoid bases accumulation and TNF alpha induction) are dependent on each other. An increase in expression of TNF alpha mRNA was detected in LLC-PK1 cells as early as 4 h after FB, treatment but decreased to the control levels after 8 h. A positive linear correlation was observed between the expression of TNF alpha mRNA and FB1 concentration. Increases of intracellular sphingoid bases were also detected after 4 h of FB1 treatment and progressively increased until 24 h. Exposure of the cells to sphinganine or sphingosine did not significantly alter the expression of TNF alpha. Inhibition of sphingoid base biosynthesis by ISP-1, a specific inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first enzyme in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, efficiently blocked the accumulation of free sphingoid bases in response to FB1, but it did not prevent the induction of TNF alpha expression. Results indicate that FB1-induced increase in TNF alpha expression is independent of sphingoid base accumulation-induced by ceramide synthase inhibition in LLC-PK1 cells. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP He, QR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09403] NR 46 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 174 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1006/taap.2001.9189 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 452JF UT WOS:000169854000008 PM 11437650 ER PT J AU Robinson, KM Hanson, GJ Cook, KR Kadavy, KC AF Robinson, KM Hanson, GJ Cook, KR Kadavy, KC TI Erosion of fractured materials SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE scour; erosion; gullies; stilling basin; spillways ID HEADCUT AB The natural fracture patterns that often exist in soil and rock materials are believed to have a major influence on how these materials erode. Material that normally would not be expected to erode when exposed to flowing water call fail along existing fracture planes. Conventional strength testing does not necessarily account for these potential failure surfaces. The objective of this study was to investigate the dominant parameters that cause failure of a fractured block matrix. A study was conducted by placing a matrix of blocks downstream of an overfall. The discharge over the overfall was increased until the block matrix failed due to the forces transmitted by the impinging flow. The block size, block orientation, and overfall height were varied systematically over a range of flow rates. Test results are presented, and the dominant failure mechanisms are described. The failure discharge was observed to decrease as the overfall height increased. This result was expected because the larger drops allow the flow to impact the surface with more energy. The failure discharge was also observed to increase if the block was placed with its long axis oriented vertically. This orientation distributed the block weight over a smaller area, thus requiring an increased pressure to dislodge the block. The repeatability of these fractured material tests was also examined, as was the block layer thickness. In addition to the hydraulic erosion of fractured materials, preliminary results on the measurement of pressures below a block matrix are discussed. This article provides fundamental research information concerning scour hole development and headcut erosion in fractured materials. C1 USDA, ARS, Hydraul Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Robinson, KM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydraul Unit, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 819 EP 823 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 501GJ UT WOS:000172676700011 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Shipitalo, MJ Ma, L Ahuja, LR Rojas, KW AF Malone, RW Shipitalo, MJ Ma, L Ahuja, LR Rojas, KW TI Macropore component assessment of the root zone water quality model (RZWQM) using no-till soil blocks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE transport modeling; pesticides; leaching ID SURFACE-APPLIED CHEMICALS; TRANSPORT; FLOW; HERBICIDES; EARTHWORM; MOVEMENT; PESTICIDE; SORPTION; BURROWS; TRACER AB In structured soils, macropores can contribute to rapid movement of water and solutes through the profile. To provide insight into these processes, model assessments should be performed under a variety of conditions. We evaluated the macropore component of the RZWQM using undisturbed soil blocks with natural macropores. To accomplish this, atrazine, alachlor, and bromide were surface-applied to nine 30 X 30 X 30 cm blocks of undisturbed, no-till silt loam soil at three water contents (dry, intermediate, and wet). One hour later, we subjected the blocks to a 0.5-h, 30-mm simulated rain. Percolate was collected and analyzed from 64 uniform size cells at the base of the blocks. After percolation ceased, the soil was sectioned and analyzed to determine chemical distribution. We tested the chemical sub-component of macropore flow using these blocks following hydrologic calibration, while a separate set of blocks was used to calibrate selected chemical parameters. Parameterization of the macropore component included measuring the effective macroporosity (50% of percolate producing macropores) and calibrating the effective soil radius (0.6 cm). The effective soil radius represents the soil surrounding the macropores that interacts with macropore flow. This parameterization strategy resulted in accurate simulations of the composite chemical concentrations in percolate (i.e., all simulated chemical concentrations were within a factor of 2.0 of the average observed value). However, observed herbicide concentration in percolate decreased with cumulative percolate volume, while simulated concentrations increased. Model modifications, such as incorporating a dynamic effective macroporosity (effective macroporosity increase with increasing rainfall) and chemical kinetics in macropores, may improve simulations. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, NAEW, Coshocton, OH USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, GPRS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 843 EP 852 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 501GJ UT WOS:000172676700014 ER PT J AU Osborn, GS Lacey, RE Singleton, JA AF Osborn, GS Lacey, RE Singleton, JA TI A method to detect peanut off-flavors using an electronic nose SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE peanut; off-flavor; electronic-nose; aroma; curing; gas chromatography AB Florunner peanuts were cured at high temperature and room temperature to produce lots with and without elevated concentrations of off-flavor-indicating volatiles. Off-flavor volatiles were confirmed using gas chromatography and an organic volatile meter. An electronic nose containing 32 semiconducting polymer sensors was used to analyze the headspace over ground peanuts. A technique for analyzing the raw data to maximize t-value for separating means of treatments was developed. Statistically significant differentiation at the 0.001 level between the curing treatments was obtained. The t-value was maximized by redefining the reference resistance of the sensors, using a sampling time of 210 s, and combining the data of the best 20 sensors. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Osborn, GS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 201 Scoates Hall, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 929 EP 938 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 501GJ UT WOS:000172676700023 ER PT J AU Osborn, GS Lacey, RE Singleton, JA AF Osborn, GS Lacey, RE Singleton, JA TI Non-destructive detection of peanut off-flavors using an electronic nose SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE peanut; off-flavor; electronic-nose; aroma; curing AB An electronic nose was tested to determine if half-kernel, whole kernel, and pod peanuts could be significantly separated based on the presence of off-flavor-indicating volatiles in the kernel. The sampling and data analysis technique used was developed previously and successful at separating ground peanut kernels. Statistically significant differences were detected for all three levels of sample destruction. The electronic nose was able to separate pods at a higher level of significance than the OVM technique and the GC technique for ethanol and ethyl acetate. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Osborn, GS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 201 Scoates Hall, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 939 EP 944 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 501GJ UT WOS:000172676700024 ER PT J AU Kim, S Schatzki, T AF Kim, S Schatzki, T TI Detection of pinholes in almonds through X-ray imaging SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE sorting; X-ray imaging; insect damage; almond; pinhole AB Pinhole insect damage in natural almonds (i.e., in nuts with the brown skin intact) is very difficult to detect on line. For quality reasons, methods to detect and remove such damaged nuts are of great importance. In this study, we explored the possibility, of using X-ray imaging to detect pinhole damage in almonds by insects. X-ray film and x-ray line-scanned images of 522 pinhole-damaged almonds were obtained. Of these film images, 505 were successfully digitized to 8 bits by use of a film scanner with a 0.173-mm detector pitch, and 499 of the 505 were collected by a line-scan unit with 0.5-mm pitch photodiodes, again at 8 bits. The pinhole-damaged region appeared slightly darker than the non-damaged region in X-ray negative images. A machine-recognition algorithm was developed to detect these darker regions. The algorithm used first-order (pixel intensity) and second-order (intensity change) information to identify the damaged region. To reduce the number of false positive results due to germ regions in high-resolution images, germ. detection and removal routines were also included. With scanned film images, the algorithm showed approximately an 81% correct recognition ratio with only 1% false positives. With line-scanned images, 65% of the pinholes were correctly recognized with less than 12% false positives. The algorithm was very fast and efficient, requiring only minimal computation time. The computation rate, if implemented on line, was estimated to be 66 nuts/s, while the x-ray line scanner could achieve a scan rate of 24 nuts/s. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Schatzki, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1003 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 501GJ UT WOS:000172676700031 ER PT J AU Sala, A Carey, EV Keane, RE Callaway, RM AF Sala, A Carey, EV Keane, RE Callaway, RM TI Water use by whitebark pine and subalpine fir: potential consequences of fire exclusion in the northern Rocky Mountains SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abies lasiocarpa; biomass allocation; Pinus albicaulis; sap flow; shade tolerance; subalpine conifers; succession; water relations ID HEAT-PULSE METHOD; SAP FLOW; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; XYLEM CAVITATION; PONDEROSA PINE; USE EFFICIENCY; SAPWOOD AREA; SCOTS PINE; LEAF-AREA; TREES AB In subalpine forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, fire exclusion has contributed to large-scale shifts from early-successional whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) to late-successional subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), a species assumed to be more shade tolerant than whitebark pine and with leaf to sapwood area ratios (ALAS) over twice as high. Potential consequences of high ALAS for subalpine fir include reduced light availability and, if hydraulic sufficiency is maintained, increased whole-tree water use. We measured instantaneous gas exchange, carbon isotope ratios and sap flow of whitebark pine and subalpine fir trees of different sizes in the Sapphire Mountains of western Montana to determine: (1) whether species-specific differences in gas exchange are related to their assumed relative shade tolerance and (2) how differences in AL:As affect leaf- and whole-tree water use. Whitebark pine exhibited higher photosynthetic rates (A = 10.9 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) +/- 1.1 SE), transpiration rates (E = 3.8 mmol m(-2) s(-1) +/- 0.7 SE), stomatal conductance (g(s) = 166.4 mmol m(-2) s(-1) +/- 5.3 SE) and carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13 = -25.5 parts per thousand +/- 0.2 SE) than subalpine fir (A = 5.7 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) +/- 0.9 SE; E = 1.4 mmol m(-2) s(-1) +/- 0.3 SE; g(s) = 63.4 mmol m(-2) s(-1) +/- 1.2 SE, delta C-13 = -26.2 parts per thousand +/- 0.2 SE; P < 0.01 in all cases). Because subalpine fir had lower leaf-area-based sap flow than whitebark pine (Q(L) = 0.33 kg m(-2) day(-1) +/- 0.03 SE and 0.76 kg m(-2) day(-1) +/- 0.06 SE, respectively; P < 0.001), the higherA(L):A(S) in subalpine fir did not result in direct proportional increases in whole-tree water use, although large subalpine firs used more water than large whitebark pines. The linear relationships between tree size and daily water use (r(2) = 0.94 and 0.97 for whitebark pine and subalpine fir, respectively) developed at the Sapphire Mountains site were applied to trees of known size classes measured in 12 natural subalpine stands in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex (western Montana) ranging from 67 to 458 years old. Results indicated that the potential for subalpine forests to lose water by transpiration increases as succession proceeds and subalpine fir recruits into whitebark pine stands. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Intermt Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Sala, A (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 11 BP 717 EP 725 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 459JD UT WOS:000170246500002 PM 11470657 ER PT J AU Marshall, JD Rehfeldt, GE Monserud, RA AF Marshall, JD Rehfeldt, GE Monserud, RA TI Family differences in height growth and photosynthetic traits in three conifers SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll fluorescence; genetic variation; half-sib; net photosynthesis; seasonal gas-exchange; stable carbon isotope ratio ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; DIVERSE SEED SOURCES; SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES; GAS-EXCHANGE; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; BLACK SPRUCE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; FROST HARDINESS AB We investigated variation in height growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf stable carbon isotope ratio among wind-pollinated progenies of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) from a small group of contiguous stands on the Priest River Experimental Forest in northern Idaho. Photosynthetic variables differed between height classes in the pines, but not in Douglas-fir. Among species and families, tall families of ponderosa pine regained photosynthetic capacity earliest in the spring and maintained it latest in the growing season. Tall families of western white pine had higher instantaneous water-use efficiencies and lower photosynthetic rates than short families on warm days in August. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt & Pacific NW Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Marshall, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 11 BP 727 EP 734 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 459JD UT WOS:000170246500003 PM 11470658 ER PT J AU Zobel, DB Riley, L Kitzmiller, JH Sniezko, RA AF Zobel, DB Riley, L Kitzmiller, JH Sniezko, RA TI Variation in water relations characteristics of terminal shoots of Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) seedlings SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desiccation tolerance; genetic variation; osmotic potential; phenotypic variation; relative water content; seasonal variation; tissue elasticity ID GAS-EXCHANGE; RESISTANCE AB We measured water relations attributes of the terminal shoots of 3-year-old Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.) seedlings that represented its geographic range. Pressure-volume curves were developed and osmotic potentials at full (psi (sf)) and zero turgor (psi (sz)), relative water content at zero turgor, and an index of tissue elasticity (IE) were calculated for 38 families during early, mid- and late summer at an inland nursery, and for 12 of these families during mid- and late summer at a coastal nursery. Compared with other conifer species, psi (sz) was high (-1.4 to -1.5 MPa) and declined in seedlings at both nurseries as the season progressed. Both IE and osmotic amplitude (psi (sf) - psi (sz)) increased during the season. Osmotic potential at zero turgor was lower and osmotic amplitude greater in seedlings at the inland nursery than at the coastal nursery. Correlations of water relations attributes with geographic location of the seed sources were weak and usually not significant. High elevation southern sources exhibited smaller differences in psi (sz) between nurseries than low elevation nor-them sources. The small differences in water relations attributes among sources and between nurseries suggest that some may be of marginal physiological importance; however, sources that produced larger seedlings appeared to be less desiccation tolerant. We conclude that, when moving genotypes during reforestation, decisions based on patterns in tree size and timing of growth will account for these small differences in water relations. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resources Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Reg, Chico, CA 95928 USA. RP Zobel, DB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 11 BP 743 EP 749 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 459JD UT WOS:000170246500005 PM 11470660 ER PT J AU Dugas, WA Polley, HW Mayeux, HS Johnson, HB AF Dugas, WA Polley, HW Mayeux, HS Johnson, HB TI Acclimation of whole-plant Acacia farnesiana transpiration to carbon dioxide concentration SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; CO2; global change; heat balance; sap flow; stem flow ID CO2-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERE; ELEVATED CO2; WATER-USE; TERM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BALANCE AB Transpiration per unit leaf area of Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. plants grown at a CO2 concentration ([CO2]) Of 385 mu mol mol(-1) was about twice that of plants grown at 980 mu mol mol(-1). However, when plants grown for more than a year at 980 mu mol mol(-1) were exposed to 380 mu mol mol(-1) for 9 days, they transpired at half the rate of those that had been grown at 380 mu mol mol(-1). Similarly, plants grown at 380 mu mol mol(-1), when exposed to 980 mu mol mol(-1), transpired at twice the rate of those grown at 980 mu mol mol(-1). Thus, the effects of elevated [CO2] on whole-plant transpiration, like those on photosynthesis, respiration and stomatal conductance, cannot reliably be extrapolated from measurements made during shortterm exposure to elevated [CO2]. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Dugas, WA (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 11 BP 771 EP 773 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 459JD UT WOS:000170246500009 PM 11470664 ER PT J AU Noormets, A McDonald, EP Dickson, RE Kruger, EL Sober, A Isebrands, JG Karnosky, DF AF Noormets, A McDonald, EP Dickson, RE Kruger, EL Sober, A Isebrands, JG Karnosky, DF TI The effect of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on leaf- and branch-level photosynthesis and potential plant-level carbon gain in aspen SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE elevated carbon dioxide and ozone; leaf area; photosynthesis; Populus tremuloides (Michx.); potential carbon gain ID BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; PICEA-ABIES L; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GAS-EXCHANGE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENHANCED OZONE; GROWTH; RESPONSES AB Two aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones, differing in O-3 tolerance, were grown in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility near Rhinelander, Wisconsin, and exposed to ambient air, elevated CO2, elevated O-3 and elevated CO2+O-3. Leaf instantaneous light-saturated photosynthesis (P-S) and leaf areas (A) were measured for all leaves of the current terminal, upper (current year) and the current-year increment of lower (1-year-old) lateral branches. An average, representative branch was chosen from each branch class. In addition, the average photosynthetic rate was estimated for the short-shoot leaves. A summing approach was used to estimate potential whole-plant C gain. The results of this method indicated that treatment differences were more pronounced at the plant- than at the leaf- or branch-level, because minor effects within modules accrued in scaling to plant level. The whole-plant response in C gain was determined by the counteracting changes in Pa and A. For example, in the O-3-sensitive clone (259), inhibition of P-S in elevated O-3 (at both ambient and elevated CO2) was partially ameliorated by an increase in total A. For the O-3-tolerant clone (216), on the other hand, stimulation of photosynthetic rates in elevated CO2 was nullified by decreased total A. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Ecol, Tartu Dept, Tartu, Estonia. RP Noormets, A (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111 NR 54 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s004680100102 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 450RG UT WOS:000169756400002 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, KI AF O'Rourke, KI TI Ovine scrapie - New tools for control of an old disease SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Review ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; FIBRIL PROTEIN PRP; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; NEURONAL CELL-DEATH; NATURAL SCRAPIE; SUFFOLK SHEEP; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; BRITISH SHEEP; CHEVIOT SHEEP AB Ovine scrapie was described nearly 300 years ago and is endemic in many parts of the world. The recent emergence of a related bovine disease in the United Kingdom and Europe, with probable transmission to humans, has lent urgency to scrapie surveillance and control programs. The biology, genetics, diagnosis, and proposed routes of transmission can be understood in the context of the presumed causative agent, the prion protein. An integrated program of management and husbandry to reduce introduction and spread of the disease within a flock, diagnosis of preclinically infected sheep in both live animal and postmortem settings, and identification of breeding stock of low risk of scrapie are reviewed as the basis for scrapie eradication programs. C1 USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. RP O'Rourke, KI (reprint author), WSU, USDA ARS, ADRU, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 101 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 283 EP + PG 19 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 467NY UT WOS:000170711700005 PM 11515402 ER PT J AU Sharkey, S Callan, RJ Mortimer, R Kimberling, C AF Sharkey, S Callan, RJ Mortimer, R Kimberling, C TI Reproductive techniques in sheep SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN; RAM SEMEN; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS; EXOGENOUS PROGESTAGEN; FOLLICULAR ACTIVITY; SMALL RUMINANTS; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; EWES; ULTRASONOGRAPHY AB This article reviews current methods of evaluating reproductive performance in the sheep industry. The reproductive technologies of breeding soundness examination, reproductive ultrasonography, estrus manipulation, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer are also extensively discussed. The veterinarian's current and future role in the application of these technologies is discussed. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sharkey, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 435 EP + PG 22 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 467NY UT WOS:000170711700013 PM 11515410 ER PT J AU Cornish, TE Stallknecht, DE Brown, CC Seal, BS Howerth, EW AF Cornish, TE Stallknecht, DE Brown, CC Seal, BS Howerth, EW TI Pathogenesis of experimental vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype) infection in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deer mice; histology; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; pathogenesis; Peromyscus maniculatus; vesicular stomatitis; New Jersey virus Vesiculovirus ID LUTZOMYIA-SHANNONI DIPTERA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AMPLIFYING HOSTS; FERAL SWINE; PSYCHODIDAE; TRANSMISSION; COLORADO; MICE; INCOMPETENCE; WILDLIFE AB The pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection has not been investigated previously in native New World rodents that may have a role in the epidemiology of the disease. In the present study, 45 juvenile and 80 adult deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were inoculated intranasally with VSV New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ) and examined sequentially over a 7-day period. Virus was detected by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in all tissues containing histologic lesions. Viral antigen and mRNA were observed initially in olfactory epithelium neurons, followed by olfactory bulbs and more caudal olfactory pathways in the brain. Virus also was detected throughout the ventricular system in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. These results support both viral retrograde transneuronal transport and viral spread within the ventricular system. Other tissues containing viral antigen included airway epithelium and macrophages in the lungs, cardiac myocytes, and macrophages in cervical lymph nodes. In a second experiment, 15 adult, 20 juvenile, and 16 nestling deer mice were inoculated intradermally with VSV-NJ. Adults were refractory to infection by this route; however, nestlings and juveniles developed disseminated central nervous system infections. Viral antigen also was detected in cardiac myocytes and lymph node macrophages in these animals. Viremia was detected by virus isolation in 35/72 (49%) intranasally inoculated juvenile and adult mice and in 17/36 (47%) intradermally inoculated nestlings and juveniles from day 1 to day 3 postinoculation. The documentation of viremia in these animals suggests that they may have a role in the epidemiology of vector-borne vesicular stomatitis. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Cornish, TE (reprint author), Wyoming State Vet Lab, Dept Vet Sci, 1174 Snowy Range Rd, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. NR 42 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 396 EP 406 DI 10.1354/vp.38-4-396 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 450QQ UT WOS:000169754900005 PM 11467473 ER PT J AU Schreiber, JD Rebich, RA Cooper, CM AF Schreiber, JD Rebich, RA Cooper, CM TI Dynamics of diffuse pollution from US southern watersheds SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yazoo Basin; non-point; pollution; diffuse pollution; sediment; nutrients; BMPs; stream remediaiton; ecology; total maximum daily load (TMDL) ID SEDIMENT; STRIPS AB To understand the effects of diffuse pollution information on the source of pollutants, quantities in transport, mode of transport, transient nature of the pollution event, and most importantly, a consideration of remediation efforts need to be known. For example, water quality research in the Yazoo Basin uplands in Mississippi has shown sediment loads from a conventional-till upland soybean watershed to be about 19,000 kg/ha/yr, and responsible for 77-96% of P and N in transport. In contrast, sediment loads from a comparable no-till soybean watershed were only 500 kg/ha/yr, transporting about 31% of P and N in transport. Sediment loads from a nearby forested area were low, about 200kg/ha/yr, but responsible for about 47-76% of P and N in transport. Transient pollution events are responsible for the transport of large quantities of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides; in some storm events nearly the annual load. Best management practices (BMPs) must be designed to remediate diffuse pollution and the transient nature of pollution events which can have a profound effect on the ecological health of steams and reservoirs. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USGS, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. RP Schreiber, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2534 EP 2542 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00510-8 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 436UJ UT WOS:000168954000024 PM 11394789 ER PT J AU Albertson, JD Kustas, WP Scanlon, TM AF Albertson, JD Kustas, WP Scanlon, TM TI Large-eddy simulation over heterogeneous terrain with remotely sensed land surface conditions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; THERMALLY FORCED CIRCULATIONS; ENERGY FLUXES; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; MONSOON 90; UNSTABLE CONDITIONS; VEGETATION INDEX; COMPLEX TERRAIN; HAPEX-MOBILHY AB A framework is developed to explore the coupling between the land and the atmospheric boundary layer using three-dimensional turbulence simulation over remotely sensed land surface images. The coupled set of equations is integrated with boundary conditions from day 221 of the Monsoon '90 experiment, and analysis is conducted to quantify the transmission of surface heterogeneity information into the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The large-eddy simulation(LES) model incorporates radiant energy availability; spatial fields of remotely observed surface cover, temperature, and moisture; and the ability to account for the separate contributions of soil and vegetation (i.e., two sources) to the mass and energy exchanges. This effort reflects a merging of active lints of research the use of remotely sensed land surface properties to study water and energy fluxes and the use of LES to study impacts of sui face variability on ABL processes. Analysis df the results reveals (1) that the combination of remotely sensed data and LES tin the absence of free parameters) yields regionally averaged land surface fluxes and ranges of spatial variability in the fluxes that compare well to similar measures from a network of Aux measuring stations, (2) that the correlation between time-averaged surface and air temperatures is dependent on the length scale of the surface features, (3) that the horizontal standard deviation of mean air temperature decreased logarithmically with height iri the atmospheric surface layer; and (4) that the mean air temperature contains spatial variability induced preferentially from variations in surface temperature occurring at scales > 500-1000 m. Hence the feedback strength between the land and the atmosphere is shown to be scale-dependent for the range of length scales (i.e., less than or equal toO(10 km)) studied here. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Albertson, JD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RI Albertson, John/A-3336-2008; Scanlon, Todd/B-8743-2008 NR 62 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1939 EP 1953 DI 10.1029/2000WR900339 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 445ZV UT WOS:000169489200008 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH AF Ziska, LH TI My view SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 49 IS 4 BP 437 EP 438 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0437:MV]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545XB UT WOS:000175241900001 ER PT J AU Light, GG Dotray, PA Mahan, MR AF Light, GG Dotray, PA Mahan, MR TI A thermal application range for postemergence pyrithiobac applications SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pyrithiobac; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA; acetolactate synthase; computer visualization; probability-based analyses ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; AMARANTH AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; YIELD; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; EFFICACY; GROWTH; MSMA AB Pyrithiobac control of Palmer amaranth on the Texas Southern High Plains was correlated previously with temperature at the time of application. In the present study, the thermal dependence of pyrithiobac efficacy was used to define a thermal application range (TAR) for postemergence pyrithiobac applications. Several years of temperature data from four cotton-growing regions of the United States were analyzed with respect to the TAR to determine the extent to which temperature limitations could affect pyrithiobac applications. Temperatures outside the TAR occurred in all years and regions analyzed. Analyses of four geographic regions utilizing 4 to 11 yr of data for each region indicated the following percentages of hours inside the TAR: Lubbock, TX, 54 to 94%; Maricopa, AZ, 27 to 33%; Raleigh-Durham, NC, 70 to 97%; and Jackson, MS, 81 to 99%. A detailed analysis of the frequency and duration of the TAR in Lubbock, TX, showed that, periodically, temperatures outside the TAR may limit the efficacy of postemergence pyrithiobac applications for several consecutive days. Finally, the TAR was shown to be useful as a postapplication diagnostic tool for evaluating herbicide applications that resulted in poor efficacy. These results suggest that long-term evaluation of historic temperatures with respect to the TAR for a given herbicide may provide insight into the potential limitations of herbicide efficacy and underscore the potential utility of developing TARS based on field and laboratory analyses of herbicide thermal dependence. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Light, GG (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 43131, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 49 IS 4 BP 543 EP 548 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0543:ATARFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545XB UT WOS:000175241900016 ER PT J AU Seifert, S Shaw, DR Kingery, WL Snipes, CE Wesley, RA AF Seifert, S Shaw, DR Kingery, WL Snipes, CE Wesley, RA TI Imazaquin mobility and persistence in a Sharkey clay soil as influenced by tillage systems SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn, Zea mays L. 'HyPerformer HS 9773'; 'Pioneer 3167'; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. 'DPL 50'; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'DPL 3589'; bioassay; carryover; dissipation; field dissipation; plant availability; runoff; subsoiling ID DEEP TILLAGE; IMAZETHAPYR; COTTON; DISSIPATION; ADSORPTION; RESIDUES; YIELD AB Field studies were conducted at Delta Research and Extension Center, Stoneville, MS, in 1996, 1997, and 1998 to assess the effect of tillage systems (conventional tillage and subsoiling) on the environmental fate of imazaquin in a Sharkey clay soil. Imazaquin was applied preemergence at 140 g ai ha(-1). Subsoiling in the fall did not affect imazaquin dissipation, total volume of runoff, imazaquin concentration in. runoff, or imazaquin concentration in soil, as determined by chemical extraction. A corn root bioassay revealed no differences due to tillage systems in plant-available imazaquin in soil. Imazaquin concentration measured by chemical extraction or bioassay diminished over time, with a half-life ranging from 8 to 25 d. A field bioassay utilizing cotton and corn was conducted in 1997 and 1998 using plots that had received imazaquin the previous year. In 1997, 2 wk after planting, cotton and corn injury ranged from 3 to 15%, whereas no injury was observed in 1998. Injury symptoms declined over time, with no injury 5 wk after planting in either year. Although early-season cotton stunting and slight discoloration of corn was apparent in 1997, imazaquin residues did not affect subsequent vegetative and reproductive growing patterns of cotton or corn. In 1998, corn and cotton height were significantly greater in subsoiled plots compared to conventional tillage. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shaw, DR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 49 IS 4 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0571:IMAPIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545XB UT WOS:000175241900020 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA AF Boydston, RA TI Volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosum) control with herbicides and cultivation in field corn (Zea mays) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE no-till; reservoir tillage (dammer diking) ID CROPS AB Volunteer potato plants are difficult to control in rotational crops, and they harbor harmful diseases, nematodes, and insects. Five herbicide treatments were evaluated for control of volunteer potato in field corn grown under no-till and conventional tillage in 1994 and 1995. In mid-June, potato control was greater in conventionally tilled corn than no-till corn primarily due to the reservoir tillage that followed postemergence (POST) herbicide applications in the conventional system. Final potato tuber weight was not different between tillage levels in 1994 or 1995. Herbicide treatments reduced potato tuber weight 64 to 96% in no-till corn and 85 to 99% in conventionally tilled corn compared to nontreated checks. Atrazine applied preemergence at 1.1 kg ai/ha followed by dicamba plus 2,4-D applied POST at 0.28 plus 1.1 kg ae/ha, respectively, reduced potato tuber weight greater than 95% in both years and both tillage systems. Corn yield was not affected by tillage level or herbicide treatments in 1994 or 1995 and averaged 10.5 MT/ha in 1994 and 15.1 MT/ha in 1995. In a separate experiment, glyphosate, dicamba plus 2,4-D, or fluroxypyr applied at the eight-leaf stage to potato grown without a corn crop. and followed by cultivation 10 d later, reduced the number of potato tubers produced 79 to 95% compared to nontreated potato. C1 USDA ARS, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 461 EP 466 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0461:VPSTCW]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WQ UT WOS:000175240900011 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN AF Reddy, KN TI Broadleaf weed control in ultra narrow row bromoxynil-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transgenic cotton ID GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT; MANAGEMENT; TOLERANT AB A field experiment was conducted over 2 yr to study efficacy of bromoxynil mixtures with pyrithiobac or MSMA applied postemergence (POST) with and without fluometuron or fluometuron plus pendimethalin preemergence (PRE) for control of broadleaf weeds in ultra narrow row bromoxynil-resistant cotton in the Mississippi Delta. Bromoxynil applied POST (single or sequential) provided variable control of common purslane (< 9%), sicklepod (< 35%), Palmer amaranth (< 46%), prickly sida (> 75%), hyssop spurge (> 79%), hemp sesbania (> 96%), and pitted morningglory (100%) at 4 wk after early POST (WAT). Broadleaf weed control increased when PRE herbicides were followed by bromoxynil or bromoxynil plus pyrithiobac or MSMA POST. Weed control generally decreased at harvest compared to 4 WAT, and the decrease was greater in bromoxynil POST-only programs compared to bromoxynil POST following PRE programs. Seed cotton yield with bromoxynil POST-only programs was lower (400 to 2,8 10 kg/ha) compared to bromoxynil POST programs following PRE herbicides (2,150 to 3,720 kg/ha). Early-season weed interference and variable control of weeds in bromoxynil POST-only programs resulted in greater cotton stand reduction and lower open bolls per plant compared to bromoxynil POST programs following PRE herbicides. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0497:BWCIUN]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WQ UT WOS:000175240900017 ER PT J AU Fennimore, SA Smith, RF McGiffen, ME AF Fennimore, SA Smith, RF McGiffen, ME TI Weed management in fresh market spinach (Spinacia oleracea) with S-metolachlor SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbicide tolerance; weed control; CAPBP; CHEMU; POROL; SPQOL; STEME ID HERBICIDE AB Field studies were conducted with fresh market spinach to examine crop tolerance and weed control with S-metolachlor. S-metolachlor was applied preemergence (PRE) at rates of 0.56, 0.72, 1.06, and 1.41 kg/ha and compared with the commercial standard cycloate at 3.4 and 4.5 kg/ha. Spinach was generally tolerant of S-metolachlor at rates up to 1.06 kg/ha on all soil types. S-Metolachlor at 0.56 to 0.72 kg/ha and cycloate at 3.4 kg/ha provided > 88% control of common purslane, nettleleaf goosefoot, and shepherd's purse. Control of common chickweed with S-metolachlor at greater than or equal to 0.56 kg/ha was > 80%, whereas cycloate at 3.4 to 4.5 kg/ha was ineffective. Hand-weeding times in plots treated with S-metolachlor at 0.56 and 0.72 kg/ha were similar or lower than hand-weeding times in plots treated with cycloate at 3.4 kg/ha. Greenhouse studies were conducted to compare the relative tolerance of fresh market spinach to S-metolachlor and metolachlor. The GR(10). values for S-metolachlor and metolachlor were 1.57 and 2.03 kg/ha, respectively. At rates above 2.2 kg/ha S-metolachlor is less selective in spinach than metolachlor. S-metolachlor is safe for PRE use in fresh market spinach at rates up to 1.06 kg/ha. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Vegetable Crops & Weed Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif Salinas, Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Fennimore, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Vegetable Crops & Weed Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 511 EP 516 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0511:WMIFMS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WQ UT WOS:000175240900019 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW AF Tipping, PW TI Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control with hexazinone in crown vetch (Coronilla varia) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbicide selectivity; interspecific plant competition; weather effects AB Spot treatments with hexazinone (0.03, 0.046, and 0.06% ai [v/v]) were evaluated for their effects on thistle density, seed production. and crown vetch vigor from 1991 to 1994 to determine if long-term usage of hexazinone caused damage to the vetch and exacerbated the thistle problem. Thistle densities were reduced within a year at any concentration of hexazinone and seed production was reduced or eliminated. Environment had a large impact because initial thistle densities varied widely among years. The amount of precipitation during July of the previous year accounted for 89% of the variation in initial thistle densities in the subsequent year. Vetch injury from hexazinone was also best explained by the amount of precipitation during July. Vigorously growing crown vetch in wet years may have suppressed the thistles enough to reduce density the following year while drought years reduced the competitiveness of the crown vetch, resulting in higher initial densities of thistles in the following year. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0559:CTCACW]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WQ UT WOS:000175240900026 ER PT J AU Donald, WW Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA AF Donald, WW Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA TI Between-row mowing plus banded herbicide to control annual weeds and reduce herbicide use in no-till soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE band application; defoliation; mowing; mechanical weed control; no-till; no-tillage; tillage; topping AB Alternative methods are needed to control weeds in no-till corn and soybean which minimize herbicide contamination of surface or ground water. The objective of this research was to determine whether between-row (BR) mowing + band-applied herbicide could help reduce herbicide use. without sacrificing summer annual weed control or yield, in no-till soybean and field corn. Glyphosate was applied shortly before or at planting to control emerged winter annual weeds in all treatments. In the BR mowing weed management system, the band-applied soil residual herbicides imazaquin + alachlor in soybean or atrazine + alachlor in corn were applied shortly before or after planting followed by two or more between-row mowings to control summer annual weeds. Annual weeds were first mowed when they were about 8 cm tall and again just before crop canopy closure. Between-row mowing weeds very close to the soil surface two or three times killed or suppressed summer annual grass and broadleaf weeds, chiefly giant foxtail, common cocklebur, and horseweed, when timed properly. The BR mowing weed management system increased yield above a weedy check in these no-till crops. It also controlled weeds and yielded as well as or better than broadcast-applied herbicide at the same rates. Use of soil residual herbicides to control summer annual weeds was reduced 50% by banding because only 50% of the field area was sprayed. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 269 Agr Engr Bldg,UMC, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 576 EP 584 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0576:BRMBHT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WQ UT WOS:000175240900029 ER PT J AU Bao, FC Fu, F Choong, ET Hse, CY AF Bao, FC Fu, F Choong, ET Hse, CY TI Contribution factor of wood properties of three poplar clones to strength of laminated veneer lumber SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE contribution factor; Populus sp; solid wood; laminated veneer lumber; wood properties; strength; plantation ID SILVICULTURAL PRACTICE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LAYUP AB The term "Contribution Factor" (C-f) was introduced in this paper to indicate the contribution ratio of solid wood properties to laminated veneer lumber (LVL) strength. Three poplar (Populus sp.) clones were studied, and the results showed that poplar with good solid wood properties has high Contribution Factor. The average Contribution Factor of Poplar 69 (Populus deltoides cv. I-69/55), Poplar 72 (P. euramericana cv. I-72/58), and Poplar 63 (P. deltoides cv.I-63-51) was 76.2%, 68.6%, and 66.1%, respectively. The average Contribution Factor of the three clones for shear strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and impact toughness was approximately 80%, which is higher than that for modulus of rupture (MOR), compressive strength, and hardness. The average Contribution Factor of the six properties tested was highest in Poplar 69 (76.2%) and the lowest in Poplar 63 (66.1%), indicating that the Contribution Factor is positively affected by solid wood properties. Densification also significantly affects LVL MOE in Poplar 72, as compared to that of Poplar 69. Poplar 63, however, showed highest improvement in MOR strength from solid wood to LVL and also highest specific LVL MOR, even though it has the lowest solid wood MOR among the three clones. C1 Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Bao, FC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 456BD UT WOS:000170061500004 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Larsen, GL Feil, VJ AF Hakk, H Larsen, GL Feil, VJ TI Metabolism of [C-14]1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in a ruminating Holstein calf SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; THYROID-HORMONE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; DIOXINS; RAT; EXCRETION; MICE; DISPOSITION; TCDD AB 1. [UL- 7,8-ring C-14]- 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1278-TCDD) was administered orally to a ruminating Holstein bull calf (43.6 kg; 1.2 mg kg(-1) body weight). Urine and faeces were collected daily for 96 h, while blood was sampled at multiple time points. Tissues were removed for combustion analysis. 2. Each tissue contained < 0.6% of the dose at 96 h. Tissues with highest levels of 1278-TCDD, as a percentage of administered dose, were the large and small intestine, rumen, liver and carcass. 3. Urinary excretion accounted for 10.6% of the dose, and faecal excretion accounted for 81.6% of the administered dose. The major urinary and faecal metabolites were isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry and H-1-NMR. 4. Plasma levels of C-14 peaked at 24 h, and decreased to near background at 96 h. Detectable plasma levels of 1278-TCDD were observed by 2 h. 5. A hydroxylated metabolite of 1278-TCDD was detected in calf plasma, which has the potential to interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis. C1 ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674 State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD JUL PY 2001 VL 31 IS 7 BP 443 EP 455 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 462CL UT WOS:000170403100005 PM 11531007 ER PT J AU Mithofer, A Bhagwat, AA Keister, DL Ebel, J AF Mithofer, A Bhagwat, AA Keister, DL Ebel, J TI Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutants defective in cyclic beta-glucan synthesis show enhanced sensitivity to plant defense responses SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE BURST; RESISTANCE; BACTEROIDS; GLYCEOLLIN; NODULES; LOCUS AB Susceptibility of the nitrogen-fixing soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum to inducible plant defense metabolites such as phytoalexin and H2O2, was investigated. On the wild-type strain USDA 110 the soybean phytoalexin, glyceollin, showed bacteriostatic activity. Viable bacteria isolated from intact nodules were adapted to glyceollin. H2O2 in physiological concentrations did not affect wild-type bacteria. B. japonicum mutants defective in the biosynthesis of cyclic beta-(1 -->3)-(1 -->6)-glucans showed higher susceptibility to both phytoalexin and H2O2. C1 Univ Munich, Inst Bot, D-80638 Munich, Germany. USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mithofer, A (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Bot, Menzingerstr 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 56 IS 7-8 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 459VJ UT WOS:000170271900017 PM 11531093 ER PT J AU Farr, DF Castlebury, LA AF Farr, DF Castlebury, LA TI Septoria epambrosiae sp nov on Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycetes; molecular taxonomy; biocontrol; taxonomy AB Recently an unidentified Septoria was reported to be pathogenic on Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) in Hungary and may have potential as a biocontrol agent for this noxious weed. After reviewing the two previously known species of Septoria on Ambrosia (Asteraceae), the Septoria from Hungary is described as a new species, Septoria epambrosiae. A synopsis of the three species of Septoria on Ambrosia is provided. Based on a molecular analyses of the nSSU and complete ITS region of the rDNA, the taxonomic relationships of S. epambrosiae are determined. Septoria epambrosiae clusters with members of the Dothideales with the teleomorph most likely a species of Mycosphaerella. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Farr, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PD JUN 30 PY 2001 VL 53 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 437MA UT WOS:000168994400005 ER PT J AU Lecoeur, J Sinclair, TR AF Lecoeur, J Sinclair, TR TI Nitrogen accumulation, partitioning, and nitrogen harvest index increase during seed fill of field pea SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pea; Pisum sativum L; nitrogen; nitrogen harvest index; seed fill ID PLANT NITROGEN; GRAIN AB Nitrogen (N) accumulation by plants and partitioning to seeds are critical processes in yield formation. No consistent description of these processes has been developed for crops, including field pea (Pisum sativum I,.). Data from a set of 31 field pea experiments were obtained to calculate N accumulation by plants and partitioning to the seed during seed fill, and the change in nitrogen harvest index (NHI). Three distinct patterns of plant N accumulation were found: (1) no accumulation during seed fill, (2) accumulation only in early seed fill, and (3) constant accumulation throughout seed fill. N transfer rate to the seeds from vegetative tissues was stable within an early stage and a late stage of seed fill, but the rates between the two stages usually differed. In most cases the N transfer rate from the vegetative tissue in the late stage was greater than the early stage. The combination of current plant N accumulation and N transfer from vegetative tissue in the early stage was generally greater than the late stage N transfer alone. No quantitative association was identified, however, among rate of plant N accumulation, early stage N transfer, and late stage N transfer. Alternatively, NHI increased linearly across all experiments with r(2) exceeding 0.92, whether calculated as a function of days or thermal units (TU). There was, however, variability in the slope of NHI increase such that the mean across experiments as a function of days was 36.7 mg g(-1) per day with a CV of 20% and as a function of TU was 1.7 mg g(-1) per TU with a CV of 17%. The expression of NHI as a function of days was found to increase slightly with increasing temperature, but no such variation was found when expressed as a function of TU. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INRA Agro Montpellier, Unite Format & Rech Agron & Bioclimatol, LEPSE, F-34060 Montpellier 1, France. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lecoeur, J (reprint author), INRA Agro Montpellier, Unite Format & Rech Agron & Bioclimatol, LEPSE, F-34060 Montpellier 1, France. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN 28 PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00152-6 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 449EX UT WOS:000169672300002 ER PT J AU Kirda, C Derici, MR Schepers, JS AF Kirda, C Derici, MR Schepers, JS TI Yield response and N-fertiliser recovery of rainfed wheat growing in the Mediterranean region SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE (15)N; residual N-fertiliser; fertiliser recovery; rainfed wheat; wheat yield response ID WINTER-WHEAT; UPTAKE EFFICIENCY; NITROGEN; SOIL; PROTEIN; CEREALS AB Yield response and isotopic N-fertiliser recovery of rainfed wheat were assessed as influenced by fertiliser rate and timing. A popular bread wheat cultivar, Seri 82, was planted in a 4-year experiment from 1994/1995 to 1997/1998. Urea fertiliser was applied at rates of 0-240 N ha(-1) in two split applications. Fertiliser-N recovery and residual N remaining in the soil after wheat harvest were measured using (15)N-labelled fertilisers. The highest wheat grain yield ranged from 4.9 to 6.9 t ha(-1) with 240 kg N ha(-1) fertiliser. The 4-year results showed that wheat benefited least from the fertiliser applied near planting. N-fertiliser recovery was higher from fertiliser applied during tillering compared with application at emergence. The results suggest that applying one-third or less of the total N at planting and applying the remainder at tillering can minimise leaching risks, Another benefit of this strategy would bean overall increase in N-fertiliser recovery. Residual fertiliser-N left in soil after wheat harvest was proportional to N application rates and mainly confined to the upper 40 cm depth. (15)N recovery by wheat at maturity was 50-60%, indicating that 40-50% of fertiliser-N remained in the soil or was lost. Over 95% of total fertiliser application to wheat could be accounted for in the wheat crop or soil after harvest at the 240 kg N ha(-1) rate. The results, therefore, suggest that leaching losses of fertiliser-N below 90 cm were not likely during the growing season for rainfed wheat grown on these heavy-textured soils (Palexerollic Chromoxeret) of the Mediterranean region. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Kirda, C (reprint author), Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. EM ckirda@mail.cu.edu.tr NR 25 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN 28 PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00153-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 449EX UT WOS:000169672300004 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Thomas, NJ Rosypal, AC Dubey, JP AF Lindsay, DS Thomas, NJ Rosypal, AC Dubey, JP TI Dual Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii infection in a Northern sea otter from Washington state, USA SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE encephalitis; Sarcocystis neurona; Toxoplasma gondii; sea otter; Enhdyra lutris; cat; oocyst ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS NEREIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; TISSUE-SECTIONS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; FALCATULA; OOCYSTS; MICE AB Dual Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii infection was observed in a Northern sea otter from Washington, USA. The animal was found stranded, convulsed, and died shortly thereafter. Encephalitis caused by both S, neurona and I gondii was demonstrated in histological sections of brain. Immunohistochemical examination of sections with S. neurona specific antisera demonstrated developmental stages that divided by endopolygeny and produced numerous merozoites. PCR of brain tissue from the sea otter using primer pairs JNB33/JNB54 resulted in amplification of a 1100 bp product. This PCR product was cut in to 884 and 216 bp products by Dra I but was not cut by Hinf I indicating that it was S. neurona [J. Parasitol. 85 (1999) 221]. No PCR product was detected in the brain of a sea otter which had no lesions of encephalitis. Examination of brain sections using T. gondii specific antisera demonstrated tachyzoites and tissue cysts of I: gondii. The lesions induced by T. gondii suggested that the sea otter was suffering from reactivated toxoplasmosis. I gondii was isolated in mice inoculated with brain tissue. A cat that was fed infected mouse brain tissue excreted I: gondii oocysts which were infective for mice. This is apparently the first report of dual S. neurona and T. gondii in a marine mammal. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. ARS, Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; Rosypal, Alexa/I-7114-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; NR 17 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 28 PY 2001 VL 97 IS 4 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00411-3 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 444UH UT WOS:000169418100008 PM 11390085 ER PT J AU Snyder, JD Leesch, JG AF Snyder, JD Leesch, JG TI Methyl bromide recovery on activated carbon with repeated adsorption and electrothermal regeneration SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION AB Methyl bromide is commonly used as a postharvest fumigant. Because it has been identified as an ozone-depleting substance, production of methyl bromide has been targeted for phaseout. Methyl bromide readily adsorbs onto activated carbon. In situ carbon regeneration is being investigated as a means of decreasing the expense of methyl bromide recovery. Heating by passing an electrical current through an adsorbent bed is an efficient means of regenerating carbon and can be performed in the same vessel in which adsorption occurs. Carbon adsorbs roughly 10% of its weight in methyl bromide and can be repeatedly regenerated using electrothermal desorption. Methyl bromide desorbed in this manner is easily condensed at moderate temperatures. Carbon was submitted to 12 adsorption/regeneration cycles and then compared with virgin samples in terms of adsorption equilibria and adsorption rate. The regenerated carbon experienced no loss of mass and exhibited nearly the same capacity as the fresh samples. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Leesch, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUN 27 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 13 BP 2925 EP 2933 DI 10.1021/ie000395v PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 445CD UT WOS:000169439800016 ER PT J AU Mason, SA Field, RJ Yokelson, RJ Kochivar, MA Tinsley, MR Ward, DE Hao, WM AF Mason, SA Field, RJ Yokelson, RJ Kochivar, MA Tinsley, MR Ward, DE Hao, WM TI Complex effects arising in smoke plume simulations due to inclusion of direct emissions of oxygenated organic species from biomass combustion SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BURNING PLUMES; SMOLDERING COMBUSTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRACE GASES; FIRES; HYDROCARBONS; O-3; FORMALDEHYDE AB Oxygenated volatile organic species (oxygenates), including HCOOH, H,CO, CH3OH, HOCH2CHO (hydroxyacetaldehyde), CH3COOH, and C6H5OH, have recently been identified by Fourier transform infrared measurements as a significant component of the direct emissions from biomass combustion. These oxygenates have not generally been included in the hydrocarbon-based initial emission profiles used in previous photochemical simulations of biomass combustion smoke plumes. We explore the effects of oxygenates on this photochemistry by using an established initial emission hydrocarbon profile and comparing simulation results obtained both with and without addition of the above six oxygenates. Simulations are started at noon and carried out for 30 hours in an expanding Lagrangian plume. After an initial transient period during which [NOx] falls rapidly, conditions within the oxygenated smoke plume are found to be strongly NOx-sensitive, and the simulated final species profile is thus strongly dependent upon the Delta [NO]/Delta [CO] initial emission profile. Oxygenate addition results in very significant and complex effects on net O-3 production, as well as on the relative amounts of long-lived HOx and NOx reservoir species (H2O2, organic hydroperoxides, HNO3, and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)) that are mixed into the surrounding atmosphere. Oxygenates may either increase or decrease net O-3 production (depending upon the initial Delta [NO]/Delta [CO]). However, they always increase H2O2 and organic hydroperoxide production as a result of increased rates of radical + radical reactions. These effects spring largely from accelerated removal of NOx from the smoke plume due to increased radical concentrations resulting both from photolysis of oxygenates (mainly CH2O) and from their relatively high reactivity. Predicted concentrations of H2O2, Delta [O-3]/Delta [CO], Delta [NH3]/Delta [CO], and Delta [HCOOH]/Delta [CO] are compared with some available measured values. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Mason, SA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 NR 53 TC 43 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D12 BP 12527 EP 12539 DI 10.1029/2001JD900003 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 447FB UT WOS:000169559800013 ER PT J AU Cheon, HM Seo, SJ Sun, JX Sappington, TW Raikhel, AS AF Cheon, HM Seo, SJ Sun, JX Sappington, TW Raikhel, AS TI Molecular characterization of the VLDL receptor homolog mediating binding of lipophorin in oocyte of the mosquito Aedes aegypti SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquito; lipophorin receptor; egg development; receptor-mediated endocytosis; low density lipoprotein receptor family ID VITELLOGENIN RECEPTOR; ENDOCYTOSIS; PROTEIN; FAMILY; PRECURSOR; MEMBERS AB Lipophorin (Lp) functions as a yolk protein precursor in the mosquito Aedes aegypti and it is internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis (Insect Biochem. Mel. Biol., 30 (2000) 1161). We cloned and molecularly characterized a putative mosquito ovarian lipophorin receptor (AaLpRov) cDNA. The cDNA has a length of 3468 bp coding for a 1156-residue protein with a predicted molecular mass of 128.9 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA revealed that it encodes a protein homolog of the LDL receptor superfamily, and that it harbors eight cysteine-rich ligand binding repeats at the N-terminus like vertebrate VLDL receptors. The deduced amino acid sequence of this mosquito ovarian receptor is most similar to that of the locust lipophorin receptor (LmLpR) (64.3%), and is only distantly related to the mosquito vitellogenin receptor (VgR) (18.3%), another ovarian LDLR homolog with a different ligand. The AaLpRov cDNA was expressed in a TnT(R) Coupled Reticulocyte Lysate system, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that the receptor protein specifically binds Lp. Developmental expression profiles clearly showed that AaLpRov transcripts are present in the vitellogenic ovary, with peak expression at 24-36 h post blood meal. In situ hybridization indicated that AaLpRov transcripts are present only in female germ line cells. Distance-based phylogenetic analyses suggest that the insect LpR and vertebrate LDL/VLDL receptor lineages separated after divergence from the insect VgR lineage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Div Life Sci, Chinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. Michigan State Univ, Genet Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Cell & Mol Biol Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, IFNRRU, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Raikhel, AS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Sun, Jianxin/B-5866-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI32154] NR 20 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN 22 PY 2001 VL 31 IS 8 BP 753 EP 760 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(01)00068-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 445YZ UT WOS:000169487300002 PM 11378410 ER PT J AU Pacala, SW Hurtt, GC Baker, D Peylin, P Houghton, RA Birdsey, RA Heath, L Sundquist, ET Stallard, RF Ciais, P Moorcroft, P Caspersen, JP Shevliakova, E Moore, B Kohlmaier, G Holland, E Gloor, M Harmon, ME Fan, SM Sarmiento, JL Goodale, CL Schimel, D Field, CB AF Pacala, SW Hurtt, GC Baker, D Peylin, P Houghton, RA Birdsey, RA Heath, L Sundquist, ET Stallard, RF Ciais, P Moorcroft, P Caspersen, JP Shevliakova, E Moore, B Kohlmaier, G Holland, E Gloor, M Harmon, ME Fan, SM Sarmiento, JL Goodale, CL Schimel, D Field, CB TI Consistent land- and atmosphere-based US carbon sink estimates SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WOOD PRODUCTS; MODEL; CO2; DIOXIDE; STORAGE; DELTA-C-13; TRANSPORT; FORESTS; FLUXES AB For the period 1980-89, we estimate a carbon sink in the coterminous United States between 0.30 and 0.58 petagrams of carbon per year (petagrams of carbon = 10(15) grams of carbon). The net carbon flux from the atmosphere to the Land was higher, 0.37 to 0.71 petagrams of carbon per year, because a net flux of 0.07 to 0.13 petagrams of carbon per year was exported by rivers and commerce and returned to the atmosphere elsewhere. These Land-based estimates are Larger than those from previous studies (0.08 to 0.35 petagrams of carbon per year) because of the inclusion of additional processes and revised estimates of some component fluxes. Although component estimates are uncertain, about one-half of the total is outside the forest sector. We also estimated the sink using atmospheric models and the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (the tracer-transport inversion method). The range of results from the atmosphere-based inversions contains the Land-based estimates. Atmosphere- and land-based estimates are thus consistent, within the Large ranges of uncertainty for both methods. Atmosphere-based results for 1980-89 are similar to those for 1985-89 and 1990-94, indicating a relatively stable U.S. sink throughout the period. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. UPMC, Biogeochim Isotop Lab, CNRS, INRA, Paris, France. US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. CEA Saclay, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Frankfurt, Zentrum Umweltforsch, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Pacala, SW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Hurtt, George/A-8450-2012; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608; NR 25 TC 519 Z9 586 U1 7 U2 105 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 22 PY 2001 VL 292 IS 5525 BP 2316 EP 2320 DI 10.1126/science.1057320 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 445KD UT WOS:000169455900054 PM 11423659 ER PT J AU Zeng, LH Shannon, MC Lesch, SM AF Zeng, LH Shannon, MC Lesch, SM TI Timing of salinity stress affects rice growth and yield components SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE salinity stress timing; salinity sensitivity; yield components; rice ID SATIVA-L VARIETIES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; WHEAT; SENSITIVITY; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; SPIKE AB Differential sensitivity during growth stages is one of the major issues in the management of saline water for irrigation. This study was designed to analyze the effects of salinity on plant growth and yield components of rice by composing 20-day periods of salinization at different growth stages. Plants were grown in sand tanks in a greenhouse and irrigated with nutrient solutions. Treatments were three levels of salinity with electrical conductivities at 1.8, 3.2 and 4.6 dS m(-1) and five timing treatments. Plants were salinized on the day of seeding, 1-leaf, 3-leaf, panicle initiation (PI), and booting stages, respectively, and stress was relieved after 20 days in each timing treatment. Salinity-induced reductions in shoot dry weights of plants harvested before PI were significant, but there were no significant differences among timing treatments. Reduction in shoot dry weight of plants harvested at seed maturity was significant only when plants were salinized for a 20-day duration before booting, but not after booting. Reduction in tiller number per plant was significant only when plants were salinized For a 20-day duration before PI. The reductions in spikelets per panicle and seed weight per panicle were most pronounced when plants were stressed between the 3-leaf and PI stages or between PI and booting stages and minor when stressed at the other stages. A 20-day period between 3-leaf and PI stages was most sensitive to salinity in terms of seed yield. These results indicate that the differential sensitivity at growth stages can be clearly shown when stages are well defined in the timing treatments and the stress is quantified at growth stages based on the same duration of salinization. The interaction between cultivar and timing treatment was not significant. Uniform management options can be developed for irrigation using saline water for the cultivars with similar genetic backgrounds. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Zeng, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 23 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUN 21 PY 2001 VL 48 IS 3 BP 191 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00146-3 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 432EP UT WOS:000168679500002 ER PT J AU Phillips, DH Foss, JE Stiles, CA Trettin, CC Luxmoore, RJ AF Phillips, DH Foss, JE Stiles, CA Trettin, CC Luxmoore, RJ TI Soil-landscape relationships at the lower reaches of a watershed at Bear Creek near Oak Ridge, Tennessee SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE catena; Nolichucky Shale; redoximorphic features; saprolite; watershed; riparian wetland ID WETLANDS AB The watersheds at Bear Creek, Oak Ridge, TN, have similar soil-landscape relationships. The lower reaches of many of these watersheds consist of headwater riparian wetlands situated between sloping non-wetland upland zones. The objectives of this study are to examine the effects of (i) slops and geomorphic processes, (ii) human impacts, and (iii) particular characteristics of soils and saprolite that may effect drainage and water movement in the wetlands and adjacent landscapes in one of these watersheds. A transect was run from west to east in a hydrological monitored area at the lower reaches of a watershed on Bear Creek. This transect extended from a steep side slope position across a floodplain, a terrace. acid a shoulder slope, On the upland positions of the Nolichucky Shale, mass wasting, overland flow and soil creep currently inhibit soil formation on the steep side slope position where a Typic Dystrudept is present, while soil stability on the shoulder slope has resulted in the formation of a well-developed Typic Hapludult. In these soils, argillic horizons occur above C horizons on less sloping gradients in comparison to steeper slopes, which have Bw horizons over Cr (saprolite) material. A riparian wetland area occupies the floodplain section, where a Typic Endoaquept is characterized by poorly drained conditions that led to the development of redoximorphic features (mottling). gleying, organic matter accumulation, and minimal development of subsurface horizons. A thin colluvial deposit overlies a thick well developed Aquic Hapludalf that formed in alluvial sediments on the terrace position. The colluvial deposit from the adjacent shoulder slope is thought to result from soil creep and anthropogenic erosion caused by past cultivation practices. Runoff from the adjacent sloping landscape and groundwater from the adjacent wetland area perhaps contribute to the somewhat poorly drained conditions of this profile. Perched watertables occur in upland positions due to dense saprolite and clay plugging in the shallow zones of the saprolite. However, no redoximorphic features are observed in the soil on the side slope due to high runoff. Remnants of the underlying shale saprolite. which occur as small discolored zones resembling mottles, are also present. The soils in the study have a CEC of < 10 cmol kg(-1). silt loam textures and Fe-d values of 0.5-4.3%. These soils are also mainly acidic and low in total carbon. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA, For Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charlston, SC USA. RP Phillips, DH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 36, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Phillips, Debra/F-1828-2010 OI Phillips, Debra/0000-0001-8548-7409 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN 21 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 205 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00156-9 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 434BG UT WOS:000168794800003 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA TI Effect of lectins on the invasion of Ichthyophthirius theront to channel catfish tissue SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE lectins; Ichthyophthirius; immobilization; invasion; development; tissue ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; GILL EPITHELIUM; MIRROR CARP; SKIN MUCUS; MULTIFILIIS; PROMASTIGOTES; PURIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; CARBOHYDRATE; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB This study determined the effects of lectin binding to therohts of Ichthyophthirius-multifiliis on theront immobilization, invasion, trophont development and survival in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus excised fins in vitro. Soybean agglutinin (SBA), lentil agglutinin (LCA), gorse agglutinin (UEA-I) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were used to treat theronts. Percentages of theronts immobilized by 4 lectins ranged from 12.0 to 19.4% at a concentration of 1000 mug ml(-1). These lectins bound more than half of the theronts at a concentration of 50 mug ml(-1). More theronts were labeled by SEA and WGA than by lectin LCA at concentrations of 50 and 100 mug ml(-1), respectively. The binding of these lectins to theronts indicated that monosaccharides (D-galactose, L-fucose, D-mannose and D-glucose) and amino sugar derivatives (N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine) were present on the surface of theronts. Invasion was reduced significantly for theronts treated with LCA, UEA-I and WGA. No difference in invasion was found between control and SEA bound theronts (p > 0.05). The binding of lectin LCA, UEA-I and WGA to theronts significantly reduced the development of trophonts (p < 0.05). The mean volumes of trophonts labeled with these 3 lectins were smaller than volumes in control trophonts from 8 to 48 h after exposure. Survival was lower in trophonts labeled with lectins than in control trophonts at 48 h after exposure. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 20 PY 2001 VL 45 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.3354/dao045115 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 449WB UT WOS:000169709200005 PM 11463098 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CR AF Caldwell, CR TI Oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the phenolic compounds in plant extracts fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; HPLC; ORAC; oxygen radical absorbance capacity; phenolics; spinach; tea ID NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; ABSORBING CAPACITY; SPINACIA-OLERACEA; TEA EXTRACTS; VEGETABLES AB The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay has been used to quantify the antioxidative properties of phytonutrients in fruit and vegetable extracts. Using aqueous methanol extracts of tea and spinach as a model systems, separation of the components in the extracts by HPLC followed by semiautomatic ORAC analysis of the column fractions permitted the determination of peroxyl-radical-scavensnging profiles, demonstrating the relative abilities of the individual extract components to scavenge peroxyl radicals. ORAC values for up to 80 HPLC fractions were measured, confirming the major contribution of epigallocatechin gallate in the peroxyl radical scavenging of green tea extracts. Although the flavonoids in spinach extracts provided resistance to peroxyl radicals, components that did not bind to the HPLC column and simple phenolic compounds may also be important contributors to the total ORAC activity of spinach leaf extracts. Application of these procedures to plants believed to provide certain human health benefits by reducing free radicals may allow the identification and characterization of the specific components responsible for the free-radical-scavenging activities. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Barc E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Barc E, Bldg 307, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 2 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1006/abio.2001.5134 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 446UJ UT WOS:000169532300010 PM 11399037 ER PT J AU Meagher, LP Smith, BL Wilkins, AL AF Meagher, LP Smith, BL Wilkins, AL TI Metabolism of diosgenin-derived saponins: implications for hepatogenous photosensitization diseases in ruminants SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE steroidal saponin; diosgenin; epismilagenin; metabolism; hepatogenous photosensitization ID EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED GEELDIKKOP; PANICUM-DICHOTOMIFLORUM; NARTHECIUM-OSSIFRAGUM; TRIBULUS-TERRESTRIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; STEROIDAL SAPONINS; COSTUS-SPECIOSUS; SHEEP; EPISMILAGENIN; ALVELD AB Disposition of sapogenins in the gastrointestinal tract of a lamb was determined after daily dosing of a diosgenin-derived saponin extract during late spring. The saponin (26.1 g) was obtained by ethanolic extraction of powdered Costus speciosus rhizomes followed by butanol-water partitioning. Upon completion of dosing, samples of gut contents and internal organs were subjected to chemical analysis and histological examination. No clinical symptoms, changes in serum chemistry, or microscopic changes were observed. Dosing of a saponin extract revealed that ruminal metabolism resulted in conversion of diosgenin to epismilagenin, smilagenone, smilagenin and tigogenin. Electrospray mass spectrometry of selected ethanolic ruminal extracts showed the absence of diosgenin-derived saponins 1h after dosing, indicating that rapid hydrolysis of saponins by ruminal micro-flora occurred. Epismilagenin was the dominant conjugated sapogenin detected in the bile sample, no free sapogenins were identified. Three distinct zones of metabolic activity were identified in the gastrointestinal tract of the dosed lamb. The rumen appeared to be a region where the ingested diosgenin-derived saponins underwent hydrolysis and reduction and were converted to tigogenin, smilagenin, smilagenone and epismilagenin. The duodenum, jejunum and ileum formed an absorption and secretion zone where there appeared to be variation in both the concentrations of free and conjugated sapogenins. Sapogenins appeared to undergo continued epimerization in the caecum and colon. The plant saponins administered in this study were readily metabolized, but did not appear to induce crystal-associated hepatogenous photosensitization in the dosed lamb. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton, New Zealand. Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, New Zealand Pastoral Agr Res Inst, Toxinol & Food Safety Res Grp, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Meagher, LP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 157 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00223-1 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 445PL UT WOS:000169466400005 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Ahlgren, JA AF Cote, GL Ahlgren, JA TI The hydrolytic and transferase action of alternanase on oligosaccharides SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alternan; alternanase; cyclic oligosaccharide; panose; isomaltose; transgycosylation ID LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES AB Alternanase is an enzyme which endo-hydrolytically cleaves the alpha-(1 -->3), alpha-(1 -->6)-linked D-glucan, alternan. The main products are isomaltose, alpha -D-Glcp-(1 -->3)-alpha -d-Glcp-(1 -->6)-D-Glc and the cyclic tetrasaccharide cyclo (--> 6)-alpha -D-Glcp-(1 -->3) -alpha -D-Glcp-(1 -->6)-alpha -D-Glp(1 --> 3)-alpha -d-Glcp-(1 --> ). It is also capable of acting on oligosaccharide substrates. The cyclic tetrasaccharide is slowly hydrolyzed to isomaltose. Panose and the trisaccharide alpha -D-Glcp-(1 -->6)-alpha -D-GLcp-(1 -->3)-D-Glc both undergo transglycosylation reactions to give rise to the cyclic tetrasaccharide plus D-glucose, with panose being converted at a much faster rate. The tetrasaccharide alpha -D-Glcp-(1 --> 3)-alpha -D-Glcp-(1 -->6)alpha -D-Glc-(1 --> 6)-D-Glc is hydrolyzed to D-glucose plus the trisaccharide alpha -D-Glcp-(1 -->3)-alpha -D-Glcp-(1 --> 6)-D-Glc. Alternanase does nut act on isomaltotriose, theanderose (6(Glc)-O-alpha -D-Glcp sucrose), or alpha -D-Glcp-(1 -->6)-alpha -D-Glcp(1 -->6)-alpha -D-Glcp-(1 -->)-alpha -D-Glc, The enzyme releases 4-nitrophenol from 4-nitrophenyl alpha -isomaltoside, but not from 4-nitrophenyl alpha -D-glucopyrailoside, 4-nitrophenyl alpha -isomaltotrioside, or 4-nitrophenyl alpha -isomaltotetraoside. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 332 IS 4 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(01)00106-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 447ZM UT WOS:000169602400004 PM 11438094 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Shelver, WL Stanker, L Patterson, DG Turner, WE AF Huwe, JK Shelver, WL Stanker, L Patterson, DG Turner, WE TI On the isolation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans from serum samples using immunoaffinity chromatography prior to high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; furans ID RESIDUE ANALYSIS; IMMUNOASSAY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODY; ASSAY AB Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) for the purification of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) from biological samples was explored as a means to simplify the cleanup procedure and thereby decrease the time and cost of dioxin analysis. A monoclonal antibody (DD3) was used to produce IAC columns and to isolate the PCDD/Fs from serum. Native and C-13-labeled PCDD/Fs were spiked at the ppq to ppt range into serum. Quantitation of the PCDD/Fs was performed by a standard dioxin analytical method, i.e. high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which was easily compatible with IAC. Five of the most toxic PCDD/Fs consistently showed acceptable recoveries (>25%) and were reliably quantitated. The congeners specifically recovered by this method represent almost 80% of the toxic equivalency of dioxins and furans present in the serum samples. Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were not recognized by this antibody column. Compared to conventional dioxin cleanup methods, IAC decreased solvent usage by 1.5 l/sample and took only 2 h to process a sample for analysis. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Huwe, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 757 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00159-1 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 436QK UT WOS:000168946400011 PM 11417873 ER PT J AU Friso, S Jacques, PF Wilson, PWF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Friso, S Jacques, PF Wilson, PWF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Low circulating vitamin B-6 is associated with elevation of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein independently of plasma homocysteine levels SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; risk factors; homocysteine; vitamins; inflammation ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; RISK-FACTORS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DEFICIENCY; FOLATE; STROKE; ASSAY AB Background - Lower vitamin B, concentrations are reported to confer an increased and independent risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism underlying this relationship, however, remains to be defined. Other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are associated with reduced vitamin B, levels. Despite a clear distinction in pathophysiology, inflammatory reaction may be the major link between these diseases. We hypothesized a relationship between pyridoxal 5 ' -phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B,, and the marker of inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP). We also evaluated whether total plasma homocysteine (tHcy), a well-defined risk factor for CVD and a major determinant of plasma PLP levels, had a possible role as a mediator of this hypothesized relationship. Methods and Results - Data from 891 participants from the population-based Framingham Heart Study cohort were analyzed. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to normal or elevated CRP values: group 1, CRP <6 mg/L; group 2, CRP greater than or equal to6 mg/L. Plasma PLP levels were substantially lower in group 2 than in group 1 (mean values in group 2, 36.5 nmol/L versus 55.8 nmol/L in group 1, P <0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for tHcy, the association of PLP with CRP remained highly significant (P=0.003). Conclusions - Low plasma PLP is associated with higher CRP levels independently of tHcy. This observation may reflect a vitamin B-6 utilization in the presence of an underlying inflammatory process and represent a possible mechanism to explain the decreased vitamin B-6 levels in CVD. C1 NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 28 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUN 12 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 23 BP 2788 EP 2791 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 443RF UT WOS:000169353600016 PM 11401933 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Chute, MB Gasbarre, LC Boyd, PC AF Zarlenga, DS Chute, MB Gasbarre, LC Boyd, PC TI A multiplex PCR assay for differentiating economically important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diagnosis; polymerase chain reaction; multiplex; gastrointestinal nematode; ribosomal DNA ID FECAL CULTURES; NORTH-AMERICA; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; OSTERTAGIA; HAEMONCHUS; RESISTANCE; RUMINANTS; COOPERIA; EGGS AB A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was developed for identifying gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes that commonly infect cattle. This assay was developed using adult-derived genomic DNA and shown capable of discriminating parasite eggs from the feces of experimentally-infected animals at both the species and genus levels. Sequence data from internal (ITS) and external (ETS) transcribed spacers of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats as well as the 3'-end of the small subunit rDNA and 5'-end of the large subunit rDNA were used to generate five primer sets which, when used simultaneously in a multiplex PCR, produce a unique electrophoretic DNA banding pattern characterized by a single DNA fragment for Ostertagia ostertagi (257 bp), Haemonchus placei (176 bp), Oesophagostomum radiatum (329 bp), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (243 bp) and Cooperia oncophora (151 bp). In a similar manner, the constructed primer sets amplified DNA from Ostertagia lyrata, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axel, Cooperia surnabada and Cooperia punctata. With respect to H. contortus, a closely migrating doublet was generated suggesting size heterogeneity in the ETS which is consistent with multiple rDNA repeat units within this species. PCR analyses using mixtures of monospecifically-purified nematode eggs indicated a sensitivity of less than 0.5 egg-DNA equivalent per species. Although, not designed as a quantitative technique, relative PCR signal intensities corresponded to relative egg burdens within the DNA samples from mixed species of eggs. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Bldg 1180,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 12 PY 2001 VL 97 IS 3 BP 199 EP 209 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 444UG UT WOS:000169418000004 PM 11390072 ER PT J AU Bengtson, SD Rogers, F AF Bengtson, SD Rogers, F TI Prevalence of sparganosis by county of origin in florida feral swine SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spirometra; sparganosis; food safety; swine; Florida AB Sparganosis is a parasitic infection in amphibians, reptiles and mammals including feral swine and man. It is caused by migration of the metacestode (spargana) of Spirometra. The primary objective of this study was the determination of the prevalence of gross sparganosis in Florida county of origin in slaughtered feral swine. Tracebacks to county of origin were conducted for Florida feral swine with and without gross sparganosis. Feral swine trapped in Florida and presented for slaughter in a Texas slaughter establishment from May to December 1999 was the sample population. Overall prevalence of sparganosis in Florida feral swine was 6.9%. Because Highlands county had the same prevalence, other counties were compared to it. Sparganosis was detected in 17 Florida counties. Swine originating from Osceola or Hillsborough counties (4.3 and 1.8% prevalence, respectively) had lower prevalence of sparganosis than in Highlands, whereas those from Marion county (21.7% prevalence) had a higher prevalence. Transmission to humans may occur via consumption of infected feral swine, other species of secondary intermediate hosts or the primary intermediate hosts. C1 Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Human Hlth Sci Div, USDA,Boulder Dist Off, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Devine, TX 78016 USA. RP Bengtson, SD (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Human Hlth Sci Div, USDA,Boulder Dist Off, 665 S Broadway,Suite B, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 12 PY 2001 VL 97 IS 3 BP 239 EP 242 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 444UG UT WOS:000169418000008 PM 11390076 ER PT J AU Cao, X Sessa, DJ Wolf, WJ Willett, JL AF Cao, X Sessa, DJ Wolf, WJ Willett, JL TI Light-scattering study of poly(hydroxy ester ether) in N,N-dimethylacetamide solution SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE light scattering; poly(hydroxy ester ether); N,N-dimethylacetamide; mixed solvent; chain architecture ID INVERTING LAPLACE TRANSFORM AB Static and dynamic light-scattering techniques were used to study biodegradable thermoplastic poly(hydroxy ester ether) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). A weight average molecular weight M-w = 6.4 x 10(4) g/mol, radius of gyration R-G = 9.4 nm, second-virial coefficient A(2) = 1.05 x 10(-3) mol mL/g(2), translational diffusion coefficient D = 1.34 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s, and hydrodynamic radius R-H = 8.3 nm are reported. In addition, the effect of H2O on the polymer chain's conformation and architecture in a DMAc/H2O solution is evaluated. Results suggest that H2O makes the mixed solvent poorer as well as promotes polymer chain branching via intramolecular transesterification. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1737-1745, 2001. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, MWA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, MWA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUN 6 PY 2001 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1737 EP 1745 DI 10.1002/app.1268 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 416DC UT WOS:000167764100016 ER PT J AU Dickman, MB Park, YK Oltersdorf, T Li, W Clemente, T French, R AF Dickman, MB Park, YK Oltersdorf, T Li, W Clemente, T French, R TI Abrogation of disease development in plants expressing animal antiapoptotic genes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE programmed cell death; resistance ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; CYSTEINE PROTEASES; FAMILY PROTEINS; APOPTOSIS; BCL-2; BAX; INHIBITOR; YEAST AB An emerging topic in plant biology is whether plants display analogous elements of mammalian programmed cell death during development and defense against pathogen attack. In many plant-pathogen interactions, plant cell death occurs in both susceptible and resistant host responses. For example, specific recognition responses in plants trigger formation of the hypersensitive response and activation of host defense mechanisms, resulting in restriction of pathogen growth and disease development. Several studies indicate that cell death during hypersensitive response involves activation of a plant-encoded pathway for cell death. Many susceptible interactions also result in host cell death, although it is not clear how or if the host participates in this response. We have generated transgenic tobacco plants to express animal genes that negatively regulate apoptosis, Plants expressing human Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, nematode CED-9, or baculovirus Op-IAP transgenes conferred heritable resistance to several necrotrophic fungal pathogens, suggesting that disease development required host-cell death pathways. In addition, the transgenic tobacco plants displayed resistance to a necrogenic virus. Transgenic tobacco harboring Bcl-xl with a loss-of-function mutation did not protect against pathogen challenge. We also show that discrete DNA fragmentation (laddering) occurred in susceptible tobacco during fungal infection, but does not occur in transgenic-resistant plants. Our data indicate that in compatible plant-pathogen interactions apoptosis-like programmed cell death occurs. Further, these animal antiapoptotic genes function in plants and should be useful to delineate resistance pathways. These genes also have the potential to generate effective disease resistance in economically important crops. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. DUN Pharmaceut Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Dickman, MB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 50 TC 234 Z9 246 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 5 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 12 BP 6957 EP 6962 DI 10.1073/pnas.091108998 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 440AT UT WOS:000169151500077 PM 11381106 ER PT J AU Angell, RF Svejcar, T Bates, J Saliendra, NZ Johnson, DA AF Angell, RF Svejcar, T Bates, J Saliendra, NZ Johnson, DA TI Bowen ratio and closed chamber carbon dioxide flux measurements over sagebrush steppe vegetation SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; rangeland; Bowen ratio; CO2; carbon exchange rate ID ENERGY-BALANCE TECHNIQUE; LATENT-HEAT FLUX; WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EXCHANGE; SINK; FOREST; SOIL AB Measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes over sagebrush steppe ecosystems has received little attention, and seasonal dynamics of CO2 uptake are not known for most portions of this expansive ecosystem. We utilized two techniques Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) and closed chamber (CC) - to measure CO2 fluxes during eight 24 h sampling periods throughout the 1997 growing season on ungrazed sagebrush steppe communities at the US Sheep Experiment Station near Dubois, ID and the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range near Burns, OR. Instantaneous CC measurements generally agreed with 20 min average CO2 fluxes measured by BREB instrumentation, except later in the season at Burns when soil moisture was depleted. Maximum mid-day CO2 assimilation occurred in June at both locations, with rates up to 0.4 and 0.5 mg CO2 m(-2) s(-1) at Burns and Dubois, respectively. In August, mid-day assimilation was low at about 0.1 mg m(-2) s(-1) at both locations. Slopes of CC fluxes as a function of BREB were not different between locations, so data were combined across locations. A significant, positive correlation was observed between CC and BREB (R = 0.82, It = 190). These two independent measurements of CO2 flux showed good agreement, except during extremely hot and dry periods in late summer. This suggests that both BREB and CC are valid techniques and can be used in concert to obtain reliable estimates of CO2 flux on these shrub-dominated communities, although caution is advised for CC during periods when temperatures are high and soil moisture is low. The BREB technique is appropriate for large-scale, continuous measurements of CO2 flux, and compares well with the CC technique, which can partition flux estimates between shrub canopy and interspace, thereby providing a measure of spatial variability, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Management Rangelands Res Unit, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Angell, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Management Rangelands Res Unit, HC 71,Box 451,Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 35 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUN 4 PY 2001 VL 108 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(01)00227-1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 433ZY UT WOS:000168791700005 ER PT J AU Biely, P Puchart, V Cote, GL AF Biely, P Puchart, V Cote, GL TI Enzymic alpha-galactosylation of a cyclic glucotetrasaccharide derived from alternan SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alpha-galactosidase; cyclic oligosaccharide; alternan ID THERMOMYCES-LANUGINOSUS; GALACTOSIDASE; PURIFICATION AB Alternanase catalyzes the hydrolysis of alternan, an alpha-(1 --> 3)-alpha-(1 --> 6)-D-glucan produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides, resulting in the formation of a cyclic tetramer cycle{ --> 3)-alpha -D-Glcp-(1 --> 6)-alpha -D-Glcp-(1 -->}(2) (cGlc(4)). Two alpha -galactosidases, one from coffee bean and the other produced by a fungus, currently described as Thermomyces lanuginosus, were found to catalyze an efficient 6-O-alpha -D-galactopyranosylation of cGlc(4). The attachment of a nonreducing alpha -D-galactopyranosyl residue to the cGlc(4) molecule opens new possibilities for future applications of the cyclic tetramer, since the D-galactopyranosyl residue can be easily modified by D-galactose oxidase to introduce a reactive aldehyde group. The results also extend our knowledge about the synthetic potential of T. lanuginosus alpha -galactosidase. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84238, Slovakia. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUN 4 PY 2001 VL 332 IS 3 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(01)00099-4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 437XL UT WOS:000169024600006 PM 11376609 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Baxter, JR Westervelt, D Causey, D Randall, C Cutts, L Wilson, WT AF Elzen, PJ Baxter, JR Westervelt, D Causey, D Randall, C Cutts, L Wilson, WT TI Acaricide rotation plan for control of varroa SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 141 IS 6 BP 412 EP 412 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 435ZN UT WOS:000168912200010 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Kalmbach, R Bagley, PJ Russo, G Wilson, PW Selhub, J AF Jacques, PF Kalmbach, R Bagley, PJ Russo, G Wilson, PW Selhub, J TI Riboflavin and total plasma homocysteine: Influence of folate status and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 11 SU S MA 155 BP S56 EP S56 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 437RB UT WOS:000169006400149 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Fava, M Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Morris, MS Fava, M Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH TI Depression and folate status in the US population. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 11 SU S MA 890 BP S240 EP S240 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 437RB UT WOS:000169006400864 ER PT J AU Krivickas, LS Suh, DW Wilkins, J Hughes, VA Roubenoff, R Frontera, WR AF Krivickas, LS Suh, DW Wilkins, J Hughes, VA Roubenoff, R Frontera, WR TI Age- and gender-related differences in maximum shortening velocity of skeletal muscle fibers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE single muscle fiber; shortening velocity; aging; muscle power ID MYOSIN ISOFORM COMPOSITION; SOLEUS MUSCLE; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; SARCOMERE LENGTH; SINGLE; STRENGTH; WOMEN; MEN; CALCIUM; BIOPSY AB Objective: To determine age- and gender-related differences in maximum unloaded shortening velocity (Vo) of Type I and IIA single muscle fibers. Muscle fibers must have a broad range of contractile velocities to generate the full range of power required for varied activities. Design: Percutaneous needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained from 31 healthy subjects (n = 7 young men [YM], n = 7 young women [YW], n = 12 older men [OM], n = 12 older women [OW]). The slack test was used to determine Vo of individual fibers; 916 muscle fibers were chemically skinned. Fiber type was determined by myosin heavy chain isoform identification. Results: Among men, Vo (fiber lengths/sec) was reduced with age in Type IIA fibers (OM vs. YM: 1.78 vs. 2.14; P < 0.05) but unchanged in Type I fibers. Among women, Vo was reduced with age in Type I fibers (OW vs. YW: 0.70 vs. 0.75; P < 0.05) but not IIA. OW had a lower Vo than did OM in both fiber types (Type I: OW = 0.70, OM = 0.77; Type IIA: OW = 1.51, OM = 1.78; P < 0.05). YW did not differ from YM. Conclusions: Both age and gender affect Vo. Age- and gender-related differences in Vo may partially explain the impairments in muscle function that occur with aging and the greater impairment in muscle function observed in OW compared with that observed in OM. C1 Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Krivickas, LS (reprint author), Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, 125 Nashua St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [1R21AG15797] NR 32 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0894-9115 J9 AM J PHYS MED REHAB JI Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 6 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1097/00002060-200106000-00012 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 438CL UT WOS:000169036100008 PM 11399006 ER PT J AU Ambady, S Kappes, SM Park, C Ma, RZ Beever, JE Lewin, HA Smith, TPL Beattie, CW Basrur, PK de Leon, FAP AF Ambady, S Kappes, SM Park, C Ma, RZ Beever, JE Lewin, HA Smith, TPL Beattie, CW Basrur, PK de Leon, FAP TI Development and mapping of microsatellites from a microdissected BTA 11-specific DNA library SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bovine chromosome II; chromosome microdissection; linkage map; microsatellite markers ID LINKAGE MAP; GENOME; SHEEP AB A chromosome-specific library was developed for Bos taurus autosome 11 by chromosome microdissection and microcloning using a bovine primary fibroblast culture, obtained from a t(X:23) heifer, that spontaneously developed a translocation chromosome involving bovine chromosome 11. The library was screened using (AC)(12) oligos, positive clones selected, sequenced and primers developed to generate bovine chromosome 11-specific microsatellite markers. This study suggests that chromosome-specific libraries have great potential for development of microsatellite markers for the construction of marker-saturated linkage maps for each chromosome. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Biomed Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP de Leon, FAP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, 1364 Eckles Ave,480 Haecker Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 152 EP 155 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.00744.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 465AQ UT WOS:000170565900005 PM 11493264 ER PT J AU Knorr, C Cheng, HH Dodgson, JB AF Knorr, C Cheng, HH Dodgson, JB TI DNA cloning and sequence analysis of chicken AFLP SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AFLP; chicken; STS; Vectorette (TM)-PCR ID MARKERS; GENOME; PCR AB Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) have been shown to be useful for linkage mapping in chickens and other domestic animals. It is often desirable to convert AFLP bands to sequence-tagged site (STS) markers. in particular, so that AFLP-based linkage information can be integrated with recombinant DNA clone-based maps. Sixteen chicken AFLP bands were excised from gels, re-amplified, cloned and analysed. All inserts proved to be EcoRI-TaqI fragments, which suggests that unlabelled TaqI-TaqI AFLP fragments do not amplify well, and therefore do not significantly contaminate AFLP bands. For eight of the AFLP, the cloned fragment was used to probe blots of AFLP reaction fingerprints, confirming that the predominant DNA clone indeed contained the polymorphic fragment. Flanking regions of selected AFLP fragments were isolated using Vectorette cloning. The results obtained suggest that the these chicken AFLP most commonly arise from sequence polymorphism at or near the TaqI site. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dodgson, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.00748.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 465AQ UT WOS:000170565900006 PM 11493265 ER PT J AU Reddy, VR Pachepsky, YA AF Reddy, VR Pachepsky, YA TI Testing a convective-dispersive model of two-dimensional root growth and proliferation in a greenhouse experiment with maize plants SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE rootgrowth; modelling; finite element method; maize; greenhouse; convective-dispersive equation ID SIMULATION-MODEL; DYNAMIC-MODEL; WATER-UPTAKE; SYSTEMS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NITROGEN; CROP AB Soil water, solute, heat and gas transport processes are often simulated using convective-dispersive or diffusion-type equations. These models have to be coupled with a root activity model to simulate plant development. To make such coupling easier, a generic convective-dispersive model of root growth and proliferation is proposed. The submodels of root growth rate and root convective and dispersive propagation rates are built so that statistical hypothesis testing can be used to reject an hypothesis on dependence of the rates on root and soil variables. The objective of this work is to test this model using maize plants grown in pots whose wails and bottom mechanically restrict root growth. Treatments included supplying the normal and double the normal amount of fertilizer and water. Plant development was monitored by weekly destructive harvests until 45 d after emergence. Root concentrations were determined in 24 sections of the pots along with shoot parameters. The modular soil and root process simulator 2DSOIL was used to simulate root development. The model explained 73-77% of variation in the value of the logarithm of the root concentration measured in the experiments. Statistical hypothesis testing led to rejection of the hypothesis that root diffusivity did not depend on root concentration. The hypotheses that there is no geotropic root development and that root growth rate decreases with the growth of root concentration could not be rejected. C1 ARS, USDA, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Rm 116,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 87 IS 6 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1006/anbo.2001.1409 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 438DE UT WOS:000169037800006 ER PT J AU Raaijmakers, JM Weller, DM AF Raaijmakers, JM Weller, DM TI Exploiting genotypic diversity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas spp.: Characterization of superior root-colonizing P-fluorescens strain Q8r1-96 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; SOILBORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TAKE-ALL; WHEAT RHIZOSPHERE; METABOLITE 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; BIOCONTROL AGENT; FUSARIUM-WILT; COLONIZATION AB The genotypic diversity that occurs in natural populations of antagonistic microorganisms provides an enormous resource for improving biological control of plant diseases. In this study, we determined the diversity of indigenous 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing Pseudomonas spp, occurring on roots of wheat grown in a soil naturally suppressive to take-all disease of wheat, Among 101 isolates, 16 different groups were identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. One RAPD group made up 50% of the total population of DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp, Both short- and long-term studies indicated that this dominant genotype, exemplified by P. fluorescens Q8r1-96, is highly adapted to the wheat rhizosphere. Q8r1-96 requires a much lower dose (only 10 to 100 CFU seed(-1) or soil(-1)) to establish high rhizosphere population densities (10(7) CFU g of root(-1)) than Q2-87 and 1M1-96, two genotypically different, DAPG-producing P. fluorescens strains, Q8r1-96 maintained a rhizosphere population density of approximately 10(5) CFU g of root(-1) after eight successive growth cycles of wheat in three different, raw virgin soils, whereas populations of Q2-87 and 1M1-96 dropped relatively quickly after five cycles and were not detectable after seven cycles, In short-term studies, strains Q8r1-96, Q2-87, and 1M1-96 did not differ in their ability to suppress take-all. After eight successive growth cycles, however, Q8r1-96 still provided control of take-all to the same level as obtained in the take-all suppressive soil, whereas Q2-87 and 1M1-96 gave no control anymore. Biochemical analyses indicated that the superior rhizosphere competence of Q8r1-96 is not related to in situ DAPG production levels. We postulate that certain rhizobacterial genotypes have evolved a preference for colonization of specific crops, By exploiting diversity of antagonistic rhizobacteria that share a common trait, biological control can be improved significantly. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Raaijmakers, JM (reprint author), Univ Wageningen, Dept Plant Sci, Phytopathol Lab, Binnenhaven 9,POB 8025, NL-6700 EE Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 55 TC 127 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 67 IS 6 BP 2545 EP 2554 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2545-2554.2001 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 437QJ UT WOS:000169004800020 PM 11375162 ER PT J AU Jensen, KA Houtman, CJ Ryan, ZC Hammel, KE AF Jensen, KA Houtman, CJ Ryan, ZC Hammel, KE TI Pathways for extracellular fenton chemistry in the brown rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; HYDROXYL RADICALS; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; OXIDATION; FUNGUS; DEGRADATION; METABOLITES; STRIATUM; ACID AB The brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum uses an extracellular hydroquinone-quinone redox cycle to reduce Fe3+ and produce H2O2. These reactions generate extracellular Fenton reagent, which enables G. trabeum to degrade a wide variety of organic compounds. We found that G. trabeum secreted two quinones, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DMBQ) and 4,5-dimethoxy-1,2-benzoquinone (4,5-DMBQ), that underwent iron-dependent redox cycling. Experiments that monitored the iron- and quinone-dependent cleavage of polyethylene glycol by C. trabeum showed that 2,5-DMBQ was more effective than 4,5-DMBQ in supporting extracellular Fenton chemistry. Two factors contributed to this result. First, G. trabeum reduced 2,5-DMBQ to 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone (2,5-DMHQ) much more rapidly than it reduced 4,5-DMBQ to 4,5-dimethoxycatechol (4,5-DMC), Second, although both hydroquinones reduced ferric oxalate complexes, the predominant form of Fe3+ in G. trabeum cultures, the 2,5-DMHQ-dependent reaction reduced O-2 more rapidly than the 4,5-DMC-dependent reaction. Nevertheless, both hydroquinones probably contribute to the extracellular Fenton chemistry of G. trabeum, because 2,5-DMHQ by itself is an efficient reductant of 4,5-DMBQ. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Fiber Proc & Paper Performance Res Work Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; NR 35 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 67 IS 6 BP 2705 EP 2711 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2705-2711.2001 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 437QJ UT WOS:000169004800042 PM 11375184 ER PT J AU Atwill, ER Camargo, SM Phillips, R Alonso, LH Tate, KW Jensen, WA Bennet, J Little, S Salmon, TP AF Atwill, ER Camargo, SM Phillips, R Alonso, LH Tate, KW Jensen, WA Bennet, J Little, S Salmon, TP TI Quantitative shedding of two genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARASITES; OOCYSTS; ELEGANS; GENE; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; ORIGIN AB Sixteen percent of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) were found to be shedding an average of 53,875 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts/g of feces. Male squirrels had a higher prevalence and higher intensity of shedding than did female squirrels. The majority of C, parvum isolates matched a bovine-murine genotype, with a few isolates resembling a porcine genotype, Higher intensities of shedding by males may enhance dissemination and genotypic mixing of this protozoa given males' proclivity to disperse to nonnatal colonies. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Vet Med Teaching & Res Ctr, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Bakersfield, CA 93307 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Santa Maria, CA 93455 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv Agcy, Maricopa, CA 93525 USA. RP Atwill, ER (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Vet Med Teaching & Res Ctr, 18830 Rd 112, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 67 IS 6 BP 2840 EP 2843 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2840-2843.2001 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 437QJ UT WOS:000169004800062 PM 11375204 ER PT J AU Cubero, J Graham, JH Gottwald, TR AF Cubero, J Graham, JH Gottwald, TR TI Quantitative PCR method for diagnosis of citrus bacterial canker SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; FLORIDA; AGGRESSIVENESS; STRAINS; SPOT AB For diagnosis of citrus bacterial canker by PCR an internal standard is employed to ensure the quality of the DNA extraction and that proper requisites exist for the amplification reaction. The ratio of PCR products from the internal standard and bacterial target is used to estimate the initial bacterial concentration in citrus tissues with lesions. C1 Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Graham, JH (reprint author), Univ Florida, CREC, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008; Cubero, Jaime/D-2322-2017 OI Cubero, Jaime/0000-0002-4314-857X NR 17 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 67 IS 6 BP 2849 EP 2852 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2849-2852.2001 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 437QJ UT WOS:000169004800064 PM 11375206 ER PT J AU Rojas, NS Li, CY Perry, DA Ganio, LM AF Rojas, NS Li, CY Perry, DA Ganio, LM TI Frankia and nodulation of red alder and snowbrush grown on soils from Douglas-fir forests in the H.J. Andrews experimental forest of Oregon SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frankia; actinorhizal plants; nitrogen fixation ID INFECTIVE FRANKIA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ALNUS-GLUTINOSA; DIVERSITY; CEANOTHUS; STRAINS; PLANTS; TREES AB This study examined colonization of Frankia on actinorhizal red alder (Alnus rubra) and snowbrush (Ceanothus velutinus) in soils from three stands located at the H.J. Andrews experimental forest in the western Cascade Range of Oregon: an 8-year-old clear-cut planted with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), a young 20-year-old Douglas-fir plantation with an understory of snowbrush, and an old-growth Douglas-fir forest. Ten soil samples were collected from within each of the three stands; in each of these soils, plants were grown in a mix of soil-vermiculite-perlite (2:1:1). Alder plants were grown for 6 months and snowbrush for a year. More alder than snowbrush survived and nodulated. Of the plants that survived, 89% of the red alder nodulated; only 25% of the snowbrush produced nodules. More red alder plants nodulated when grown in clear-cut soils (100%) than in other soils, and more snowbrush nodulated (51%) when grown in soils from the 20-year-old plantation. Red alder biomass and nodule weight were highest when plants were grown in clear-cut soils. Snowbrush biomass and nodule weight were highest on soils from the young stand. The biomass of snowbrush plants grown in clear-cut soils averaged higher in bottom slope soils than in soils from any other position within the clear-cut. Correlations between plant biomass, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction activity were positive and statistically significant for both species. Differences in Frankia with regard to red alder and snowbrush were apparent in these study sites. The limited nodulation in snowbrush might have been due to an insufficient population of an effective Frankia population. Establishing snowbrush on this study site will require developing techniques for inoculating snowbrush seedlings with the relevant Frankia and then outplanting the inoculated seedlings on the sites. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00127-5 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 442QL UT WOS:000169296400006 ER PT J AU Materon, LA Zibilske, L AF Materon, LA Zibilske, L TI Delayed inoculation and competition of nitrogen-fixing strains in Medicago noeana (Boiss.) and Medicago polymorpha (L.) SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE delayed inoculation; Rhizobium meliloti; annual Medicago; nitrogen fixation ID RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; NODULATION AB Seed inoculation is frequently essential for annual Medicago establishment in dryland farming systems, particularly in Mediterranean-type environments. As post-planting soil inoculation is often practised when seed inoculation fails, the effect of delayed inoculation was investigated. Roots of Medicago noeana ICARDA sel. 1938, and Medicago polymorpha cv. Circle Valley, were pre-exposed to Rhizobium meliloti strains. Subsequently, roots were exposed to a secondary inoculum after 6, 48 and 168 h to simulate delayed inoculation, and subsequent establishment of other strains in the nodules were investigated. Combinations of highly effective and host compatible strains (M29 and M15) and effective-ineffective strains (M29 and M33) were used to evaluate proportional nodulation responses. Plants were harvested after 6 weeks of growth under environmentally controlled conditions. Nodules were assessed for distribution in the root system and for occupancy based on their differential resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin, and, in the case of M33, on nodule characteristics. The strain M29 was a better competitor than M15 when applied in equal density to M. polymorpha, at zero time. When forming nodules with M. noeana, M15 was equally competitive under the same conditions. With M29 as the primary inoculum, and M15 inoculation delayed for 6, 48 and 168 h, the incidence of M29 nodules increased on M. noeana from 55% (at zero time) to 83, 80, and 95% and, on M. polymorpha, from 72% (at zero time) to 80, 90, and 97% for the three inoculation time delays, respectively. Conversely, strain M15 dominated nodule production at all time intervals when used as primary inoculant on both hosts. The percentage of total nodulation by M33, applied at the three later inoculation times, was markedly lower (21, 2 and 0%) respectively when M. polymolpha was pre-exposed to M29. This suggested a host preference for M29, even if applied as a late inoculum. Pre-exposure of 2-day-old M. noeana seedlings to the ineffective strain M33 as the primary inoculant resulted in nodule number increases (P less than or equal to 0.01) as compared with M29. Nonetheless, when M29 was the primary inoculum, M33 was able to produce significantly fewer nodules than its competitor when applied at the 6 and 48 h time delays. Results indicate that the early events in the nodulation process of annual medics coupled with host-specificity factors are perhaps the most critical for competition among R. meliloti strains for nodule formation. Therefore, remedial inoculation after the seed has been planted may be of little benefit. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. ARS, USDA, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Materon, LA (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, 1201 W Univ Dr, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00121-4 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 442QL UT WOS:000169296400009 ER PT J AU Sun, ZY Lichtenstein, AH Dolnikowski, GG Welty, FK Schaefer, EJ AF Sun, ZY Lichtenstein, AH Dolnikowski, GG Welty, FK Schaefer, EJ TI Human apolipoprotein A-IV metabolism within triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and plasma SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE aplipoprotein A-IV; apolipoprotein B48; kinetics; metabolism; stable isotope; tracer; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; diet ID LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DIETARY-FAT; MESENTERIC LYMPH; POLYMORPHISM; RATS; ACTIVATION; TRANSPORT; MUTATION; PROTEIN AB In order to investigate the metabolism of apo A-IV within TRL and plasma, we assessed TRL and plasma apo A-IV kinetics in 19 and 4 subjects, respectively, consuming an average US diet for a 6-week period. At the end of this diet study, each subject received a primed-constant infusion of deuterated leucine over a 15 h time period with hourly feeding, and blood samples were drawn at IO time points. TRL was separated by ultracentrifugation. Apo A-IV was isolated by immunoprecipitation and/or SDS-PAGE. Apo A-IV concentrations were determined by immunoelectrophoresis. Stable isotope tracer/tracee ratios were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and the data were analyzed by multicompartmental modeling. The mean concentrations of plasma and TRL apo A-IV during the isotope infusion period were 21.0 +/- 3.2 and 0.66 +/- 0.25 mg/dl, respectively, and these values were 11.5 and 30.5% higher than those of fasting samples. The mean TRL and plasma apo A-IV residence times (RT) were 1.97 +/- 0.57 and 2.71 +/- 0.65 days, and transport rates (TR) were 0.17 +/- 0.19 and 3.90 +/- 1.24 mg/kg per day, respectively. There were significant correlations between TRL apo A-IV concentrations and TR (r(2) = 0.79, P < 0.001), and between TRL apo A-IV pool size and TRL cholesterol levels (r(2) = 0.29, P = 0.02). Our data indicated that; (1) TRL apo A-IV has a RT of 1.97 days which is similar to that earlier reported for HDL apo A-IV; (2) Apo A-IV recirculates between TRL and other slowly turning over pools; (3) the primary determinant of TRL apo A-TV levels is its TR; and (4) there is no correlation between TRL apo A-IV and apo B48 fractional catabolism in TRL. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2001 VL 156 IS 2 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00663-8 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 445UJ UT WOS:000169476700014 PM 11395033 ER PT J AU Weisberg, IS Jacques, PF Selhub, J Bostom, AG Chen, ZT Ellison, RC Eckfeldt, JH Rozen, R AF Weisberg, IS Jacques, PF Selhub, J Bostom, AG Chen, ZT Ellison, RC Eckfeldt, JH Rozen, R TI The 129XA -> C polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR): in vitro expression and association with homocysteine SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; folate; genetics; enzymes; methylenetetrahydrofalate reductase ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; GENETIC RISK FACTOR; COMMON MUTATION; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AB A common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), 677C --> T, is associated with reduced enzyme activity, a thermolabile enzyme and mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for vascular disease. Recently, a second common mutation (1298A --> C; glutamate to alanine) was reported, but this mutation was suggested to increase homocysteine only in individuals who carried the bp677 variant. To evaluate the functional consequences of this mutation, we performed site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro expression. For in vivo assessment of clinical impact, we examined the 1298A --> C genotypes and plasma homocysteine in 198 individuals from the NHLBI Family Heart Study that had previously been assessed for the 677 substitution. Site-directed mutagenesis of the human cDNA was performed to generate enzymes containing each of the two mutations, as well as an enzyme containing both substitutions. Enzyme activity and thermolability were assessed in bacterial extracts. The activity of the wild-type cDNA was designated as 100%; mutant enzymes containing the 1298 and 677 mutations separately had 68% (+/- 5.0) and 45% (+/- 10.8), respectively, of control activity while the enzyme containing both mutations had 41% (+/- 12.8) of control activity. The 1298 mutation was not associated with a thermolabile enzyme. In the Family Heart Study, fasting homocysteine was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in individuals heterozygous for both substitutions, compared to individuals who carried only the 677C --> T variant. This study suggests that two variants in MTHFR should be assessed as genetic risk factors for hyperhomocysteinemia. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Dept Human Genet, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Gen Internal Med, Providence, RI USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NHLBI, Family Heart Study Field Ctr, Framingham, MA USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, NHLBI, Family Heart Study Cent Lab, Minnesota, MN USA. RP Rozen, R (reprint author), Montreal Childrens Hosp, 4060 St Catherine W, Montreal, PQ H3Z 2Z3, Canada. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25106] NR 25 TC 251 Z9 267 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2001 VL 156 IS 2 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00671-7 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 445UJ UT WOS:000169476700019 PM 11395038 ER PT J AU Dray, FA Center, TD Wheeler, GS AF Dray, FA Center, TD Wheeler, GS TI Lessons from unsuccessful attempts to establish Spodoptera pectinicornis (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), a biological control agent of waterlettuce SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera pectinicornis; biological control; Pistia stratiotes; metapopulation theory; Allee effects; release strategies ID PLANT PISTIA-STRATIOTES; HERBIVORE; RELEASE; LARVAE AB We released nearly 332 000 Spodoptera pectinicornis individuals for biological control of the floating aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes (waterlettuce) at 22 sites in Florida during December 1990-December 1997. Predation (by boat-tailed grackles, fire ants, and spiders) and Allee effects (resulting fi om rapid dispersal of adults) prevented populations from persisting during early attempts. These efforts consisted of small releases at multiple sites, with no nurturing of the introduced populations. Modification of our initial approach resulted in a series of release strategies that consisted of multiple releases at fewer sites and employed progressively more intensive nurturing of the introduced populations. The most successful strategy incorporated: (i) cages to restrict adult dispersal and exclude flying predators; (ii) plant-free zones around the cages to exclude crawling predators, (iii) enhancement of the nutritional quality of waterlettuce in the cages; and (iv) frequent inoculation of the cages with laboratory-reared insects. Use of this strategy resulted in several provisionally-established S. pectinicornis populations, numbering as much as 23.5 S. pectinicornis individuals m(-2), and produced up to seven post-release generations. Unfortunately, all of these incipient populations declined until S. pectinicornis was undetectable. We conclude that field populations of this moth no longer persist in Florida, and offer an introspective assessment of how this project might have been improved. C1 ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Dray, FA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 301 EP 316 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 443RA UT WOS:000169353100001 ER PT J AU Reed, BM Dumet, D Denoma, JM Benson, EE AF Reed, BM Dumet, D Denoma, JM Benson, EE TI Validation of cryopreservation protocols for plant germplasm conservation: a pilot study using Ribes L. SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE controlled freezing; cryopreservation; currants; encapsulation-dehydration; germplasm; gooseberry; liquid nitrogen; vitrification ID SHOOT-TIPS; COLD-ACCLIMATION; ENCAPSULATION-DEHYDRATION; APICAL MERISTEMS; VITRIFICATION; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL AB Uniformly applicable techniques for germplasm preservation are important to the international genetic resources community and validation of techniques among working genebanks will enable the integration of new technologies into plant genetic resources programs. Apical meristems from micropropagated plants of Ribes nigrum L. cv. Ojebyn and R. aureum cv. Red Lake were used to test three cryopreservation protocols (controlled freezing, plant vitrification solution no. 2 (PVS2) vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration) at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, OR, USA and the University of Abertay Dundee (UAD), Scotland. Similar results were obtained with PVS2 vitrification at both locations but meristem regrowth varied greatly for the other techniques. Variable results between the locations were noted for controlled freezing and were largely attributed to differences in ice crystal initiation by the controlled rate freezers. Low survival of 'Red Lake' at UAD with all three techniques was attributed to poorly performing shoot cultures. Attention to protocol details is important for limiting variation between locations and step by step instructions for procedures and solution preparation aided protocol standardization. These studies suggest that source plant status, cryogenic facilities, and culture conditions may be the most likely causes of variation when validating cryopreservation methodologies in different locations. However, in-house optimization of standard procedures offers considerable potential in ensuring that cryopreservation methodologies can be transferred between international laboratories. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Abertay Dundee, Div Mol & Life Sci & Engn, Plant Conservat Biotechnol Grp, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 6 BP 939 EP 949 DI 10.1023/A:1016692730481 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 443DX UT WOS:000169326200007 ER PT J AU Odom, RH Ford, WM Edwards, JW Stihler, CW Menzel, JM AF Odom, RH Ford, WM Edwards, JW Stihler, CW Menzel, JM TI Developing a habitat model for the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE digital elevation models; endangered species; geographic information systems; Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus; habitat models; logistic regression; nest box surveys; Virginia northern flying squirrel ID SOUTHERN; APPALACHIANS; REGRESSION; INDEX AB We examined occurrence patterns and habitat data for the Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) in the central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia, USA with the intent to develop a habitat model. Topographic conditions (elevation, landform index, surface curvature, slope gradient and aspect) and proximity to coniferous cover were evaluated for three study areas where flying squirrel presence has been documented via nest box surveys. In our model, Virginia northern flying squirrel presence was associated with proximity to conifer cover (P < 0.001), but not to any other habitat variables tested. We developed a logistic regression model and implemented that within a geographic information system to delineate potential habitat. Statistical relations were not sufficient to predict flying squirrel occurrence with a reasonable degree of confidence. Current nest box monitoring efforts provide needed year-to-year population trend information, however, they are not sufficient to delineate potential habitat using quantitative approaches. More detailed micro- and macro-habitat relationship studies of the Virginia northern flying squirrel will be necessary for successful management and eventual recovery of this endangered species. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Forest Technol Grp, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00221-4 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 436JL UT WOS:000168932700010 ER PT J AU Lewison, R Fitzhugh, EL Galentine, SP AF Lewison, R Fitzhugh, EL Galentine, SP TI Validation of a rigorous track classification technique: identifying individual mountain lions SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE discriminant analysis; Puma concolor; individual identification; mountain lion; puma; cougar; track classification; carnivore density estimates ID FELIS-CONCOLOR; POPULATIONS; TERRESTRIAL; CALIFORNIA; CARNIVORES; DENSITY; MARTEN AB Despite track survey efforts, the inability to identify individuals from survey data impedes accurate density estimates and density indices for large carnivore species. We present a track classification method for mountain lions Puma concolor using discriminant function analysis that improves and validates the method presented in Smallwood and Fitzhugh (1993) (Smallwood, K.S., Fitzhugh, E.L., 1993. A rigorous technique for identifying individual mountain lions Felis concolor by their tracks. Biological Conservation 65, 51-59) and Further discussed in Grigione, Burman, Bleich and Pierce, 1999 (Grigione, M.M., Burman, P., Bleich, V.C., Pierce, B.M., 1999. Identifying individual mountain lions Felis concolor by their tracks: refinement of an innovative technique. Biolkogical Conservation 88, 25-32). Artificial tracks, made from molded casts of the feet of 13 lions, were used to simulate variability from field conditions in a controlled laboratory setting. We tested the effects of multiple track recorders and two soil depths on linear and angular measurements of the entire paw and shape measurements of the heel-pad. We identified six track measurements that correctly matched 96% of track tracings to known individual mountain lions, even with variability from multiple track recorders and soil depths. Model validation, performed on lab and novel field data in which the number of individual mountain lions was unknown, illustrates the efficacy of the method. Following the field-based study by Smallwood and Fitzhugh (1993), this study provides support for the utility of the discriminant analysis method for track data and outlines future application of this method to field data. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Sacramento, CA 95616 USA. RP Lewison, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 3 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00197-X PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 440EH UT WOS:000169162600006 ER PT J AU Lauziere, I Brodeur, J Perez-Lachaud, G AF Lauziere, I Brodeur, J Perez-Lachaud, G TI Host stage selection and suitability in Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem (Hymenoptera : Bethylidae), a parasitoid of the coffee berry borer SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cephalonomia stephanoderis; Hypothenemus hampei; coffee berry borer; host feeding; host selection; host suitability ID HYPOTHENEMUS-HAMPEI COLEOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; SCOLYTIDAE; STRATEGIES; SIZE; AGE AB Paired choice experiments were used to evaluate host feeding and oviposition preferences of Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), a solitary ectoparasitoid of the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Immature and ovipositing females may feed on all developmental stages of the host, but prefer eggs and adults. Parasitoid females parasitize prepupae, pupae, and fall-grown larvae of H. hampei, the latter stage being least preferred. Ovipositional decisions of C. stephanoderis females lead to the selection of the most profitable host stage for parasitoid development because parasitoids developing on larval hosts took more time to reach the adult stage and were smaller than those developing on prepupal and pupal hosts. The behavioral plasticity of C. stephandoderis in CBB host stage selection for both host feeding and oviposition may contribute to the survival and establishment of C. stephanoderis as a biological control agent of H. hampei in coffee plantations. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Hort, Dept Phytol, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. El Colegio Frontera Sur, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Lauziere, I (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Mission Plant Protect Ctr, POB 2140, Mission, TX 78504 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1006/bcon.2000.0909 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 438UQ UT WOS:000169073000005 ER PT J AU Keen, DP Keen, JE He, YS Jones, CJ AF Keen, DP Keen, JE He, YS Jones, CJ TI Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of the gregarious hymenopteran parasitoid Muscidifurax raptorellus in house fly pupae SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Muscidifurax raptorellus; Muscidifurax raptor; Spalangia nigroaenea; Musca domestica; Stomoxys calcitrans; gregarious microhymenopteran pupal parasitoid; biological control; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID CONFINED BEEF-CATTLE; CHARACTERISTIC ROC CURVES; FILTH FLIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ZARAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; TEST-PERFORMANCE; PTEROMALIDAE; DIPTERA AB Muscidifurax raptorellus (Kogan and Legner) are gregarious parasitoids of stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L,) and house fly (Musca domestica L,) puparia, Strategic inundative releases of mass-reared M. raptorellus and other microhymenopteran parasitoids have been used in studies of biological control of pest and hemophagic dipterans that develop in livestock waste. Lack of an accurate and simple method to estimate pupal parasitism rates has limited the assessment of the utility of filth by biological control by M. raptorellus and other parasitoids, Conventional estimates of parasitism rates are based on measurements of both the emergence of adult wasp parasitoids from puparia and the noneclosion of adult host flies (assuming parasitoid-induced pupal mortality). Microdissection of dipteran pupae for parasitoid presence is a difticult and tedious alternative method to estimate parasitism rates. In the present study, we produced polyclonal rabbit anti-M. raptorellus larvae serum antibodies, absorbed the antiserum with house fly puparia homogenates to remove muscoid host-reactive antibodies, and used the absorbed antiserum in a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect M. raptorellus larvae in parasitized house fly pupae. The ELISA accurately detected M. raptorellus parasitism of house fly pupae between 7 and 21 days poststing and detected parasitoids in nonemergent house fly pupae. Absorbed-antiserum specificity for parasitoid antigens was confimed by Western blots. This first report of muscoid pupal parasitoid detection by enzyme immunoassay suggests that this approach has potential as a research and surveillance tool for monitoring and quantifying the success of parasitoid releases for biological control of dipteran pests. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Keen, DP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1006/bcon.2001.0921 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 438UQ UT WOS:000169073000007 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Center, TD AF Wheeler, GS Center, TD TI Impact of the biological control agent Hydrellia pakistanae (Diptera : Ephydridae) on the submersed aquatic weed Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control of weeds; classical biological control; Hydrilla verticillata; Hydrilla pakistanae; impact of biological control; nitrogen ID FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; UNITED-STATES; PLANT; HERBIVORY; ESTABLISHMENT AB A series of studies evaluating the impact, dynamics, and distribution of the established biological control agent Hydrellia pakistanae (Diptera: Ephydridae) on Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) was conducted. The studies included establishment of fly damage thresholds with artificial infestations of flies in tanks, intensive monthly field monitoring of fly densities and damage at one site, and seasonal monitoring of fly densities in six regions in Florida. The results of tank studies indicated that fly damage approached an asymptote in the top 20 cm of the hydrilla canopy when infested with 4000 larvae/m(2). Above this level only a slight increase in hydrilla damage occurred as fly densities increased. Fly damage was concentrated in the top 20 cm (84.5%) and in the meristems (14.1%) of the hydrilla canopy. Hydrilla biomass was reduced with higher fly densities in the top 20 cm stratum when the plants were grown at the low fertilizer treatment. Field collections made in south Florida indicated that the hydrilla nitrogen content (fresh mass) was a major limiting factor that influenced fly densities. In the more northern regions of our studies, central and northern Florida, cold winter weather limited the seasonal distribution of the host plant and associated flies. In response to increased seasonal temperatures, fly densities increased each spring and summer. Consequently, field densities of flies and the associated damage to hydrilla populations never reached more than 15 adults/m(2) and 15% of the whorls damaged, respectively, about one-fifth the level estimated from cage studies that severely impact plant biomass. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 168 EP 181 DI 10.1006/bcon.2001.0927 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 438UQ UT WOS:000169073000010 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Davis, CD AF Finley, JW Davis, CD TI Manganese absorption and retention in rats is affected by the type of dietary fat SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE iron; manganese; fat; saturated fat; PUFA; safflower oil; stearic acid; rat ID GUT ENDOGENOUS LOSSES; IRON-ABSORPTION; VARYING LEVELS; TRANSPORT; EXCRETION; HUMANS; CELLS; WOMEN; ZINC AB There is evidence that manganese (Mn) metabolism may be altered by the form and amount of dietary fat. Also, iron (Fe) absorption is greater with saturated fats, as compared to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The absorption of Fe and Mn are interrelated in many aspects; therefore, the form of dietary fat may indirectly alter Mn absorption. The reported studies were conducted to determine whether saturated fat, as compared to unsaturated fat, affected Mn absorption, retention, and metabolism. In experiment I, adult rats were fed diets containing either 0.7 or 100.4 mug/g Mn with the fat source as high-linoleic safflower oil or stearic acid. After 2 wk of equilibration, the animals were fed a test meal of Mn-54 followed by whole-body counting for 10 d. Manganese absorption was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the stearic acid group (0.9-4.8%) than in the safflower oil group (20-33.8%); however, the biological half-life was shorter in the safflower oil group. Retention of 54Mn and total Mn was always significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the safflower oil group when dietary Mn was low, but it was the same when dietary Mn was high. In experiment II, weanling rats were fed 1.3, 39.3, or 174.6 mug Mn/g and either stearate, high-oleic safflower oil or high-linoleic safflower oil for 8 wk. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1-3 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1385/BTER:82:1-3:143 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 483UD UT WOS:000171653500013 PM 11697763 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Zaslavsky, B AF Uthus, EO Zaslavsky, B TI Interaction between zinc and iron in rats - Experimental results and mathematical analysis of blood parameters SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE interaction; zinc; iron; rat; analysis of variance; logistic regression ID CERULOPLASMIN; COPPER; REQUIREMENTS; DEFICIENCY; ABSORPTION AB The importance of interactive effects, of minerals in general, on nutrient requirements is becoming increasingly recognized. The interaction between iron and zinc has not been as widely investigated. The metabolic interrelationships between dietary iron and zinc have been known for years, but some subtle relationships may have gone unrecognized. Because nutrient interactions are not necessarily linear in nature, it may be inadequate to apply linear statistical models to study the interaction between zinc and iron. In this study, we used traditional as well as a nonlinear approach in analyzing experimental results from groups of rats fed a wide range of dietary zinc and iron. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were used in a 5 x 4 factorially arranged experiment. Dietary variables were iron (as ferric citrate) at 4, 12, 24, 48, or 96 mug Fe/g diet and zinc (as zinc carbonate) at 5, 10, 20, or 40 mug Zn/g diet. After 7 wk, hematological parameters were measured and plasma ceruloplasmin and cholesterol were determined. In addition to interactive effects as shown by analysis of variance, the application of log-linear analysis to the experimental data revealed a far broader range of interactions between dietary iron and zinc. As a result of our experiment and its quantitative analysis, we conclude that the interaction between iron and zinc is nutritionally important and that dietary iron affected the response of many blood parameters to dietary zinc. The complete dataset can be found at http://www.gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov/fezn. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 183 DI 10.1385/BTER:82:1-3:167 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 483UD UT WOS:000171653500015 PM 11697765 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Finley, JW AF Roughead, ZK Finley, JW TI Mucosal uptake and whole-body retention of dietary manganese are not altered in beta(2)-microglobulin knockout mice SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE manganese; iron; beta(2)-microglobulin knockout mice; retention; uptake; absorption; whole-body counting; mucosal; mutant mice; HFE protein ID IRON OVERLOAD; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; DEFICIENCY; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; RAT; METABOLISM; PROTEIN; BRAIN; ZINC AB To further examine the interrelationships between manganese and iron absorption, the mucosal uptake, initial rate of loss, whole-body retention, and tissue distribution of an orally administered Mn-54 radiotracer were compared between normal and beta (2)-microglobulin knockout [beta (2)m(-/-)] mice. These mutant mice are commonly used as a model for the study of human hemochromatosis, a hereditary iron-overload disease. Initial uptake of Mn-54 by the intestinal mucosa, the liver, and the brain was not different between the two strains. The mutant mice had much higher concentrations of nonheme and total iron in the liver, but hepatic manganese, copper, magnesium, and zinc concentrations were similar between the two strains. In summary, the mucosal uptake and whole-body retention of manganese and tissue manganese concentrations were not altered in beta (2)m(-/-) mice; this suggests that normal homeostasis of manganese is not affected by the altered HFE protein-beta (2)m complex in these mice. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Roughead, ZK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 3 BP 231 EP 244 DI 10.1385/BTER:80:3:231 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 458WA UT WOS:000170217400004 PM 11508628 ER PT J AU Moorman, TB Cowan, JK Arthur, EL Coats, JR AF Moorman, TB Cowan, JK Arthur, EL Coats, JR TI Organic amendments to enhance herbicide biodegradation in contaminated soils SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; pesticides; atrazine; metolachlor; trifluralin ID ATRAZINE; DEGRADATION; WASTE AB Pesticide contamination of soil and groundwater at agricultural chemical distribution sites is a widespread problem in the USA. Alternatives to land-farming or solid waste disposal include biostimulation and phytore-mediation. This research investigated the ability of compost, corn stalks, corn fermentation byproduct, peat, manure, and sawdust at rates of 0.5% and 5% (w/w) to stimulate biodegradation of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N '-(1-methyethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], and trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] added as a mixture to soil. Initial concentrations were 175 +/- 42 mg atrazine kg(-1) soil, 182 +/- 25 mg metolachlor kg(-1) soil, and 165 +/- 23 mg trifluralin kg(-1) soil. After amendment addition, 30% of the atrazine, 33% of the metolachlor, and 44% of the trifluralin was degraded over 245 days, which included 63 days' aging prior to amendment additions. Atrazine degradation was enhanced by 0.5% manure, 5% peat, and 5% cornstalk amendments compared to non-amended soils. Metolachlor degradation was enhanced by all amendments at the 5% level, except for compost and peat. Amendments had no effect on trifluralin degradation. The 5% addition of compost, manure, and cornstalks resulted in significant increases in bacterial populations and dehydrogenase activity. A second experiment compared the persistence of atrazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin applied in a mixture to their persistence in soil individually. A combined average of 123 mg atrazine kg(-1) remained in soil treated with the three-herbicide mixture compared to 31 mg atrazine kg(-1) remaining in soil treated with atrazine only. Atrazine mineralization and atrazine-degrading microorganisms were suppressed by high concentrations of metolachlor, but not by trifluralin. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moorman, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 541 EP 545 DI 10.1007/s003740100367 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 455HR UT WOS:000170021900016 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC Cox, L Yen, PY AF Koskinen, WC Cox, L Yen, PY TI Changes in sorption/bioavailability of imidacloprid metabolites in soil with incubation time SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE imidacloprid metabolites; aging effects; sorption; bioavailability ID SORPTION; BIODEGRADATION; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; MODEL; BIOAVAILABILITY; ISOPROTURON; PERSISTENCE; EQUILIBRIUM; PREDICTION AB Changes in sorption/bioavailability of two metabolites, imidacloprid-urea {1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methyl]-2-imidazolidinone} and imidacloprid-guanidine {1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine} of the insecticide imidacloprid {1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine} with aging in different soils were determined, Soil moisture was adjusted to -33 kPa and C-14- and analytical-grade imidacloprid-urea and imidacloprid-guanidine were added to the soil at a rate of 1.0 mg kg(-1). Spiked soils were incubated at 25 degreesC for 8 weeks. Replicate soil samples were periodically extracted successively with 0.01 N CaCl2, acetonitrile, and 1 N HCl. Imidacloprid-urea sorption, as indicated by sorption coefficient values, was highest in the soil with highest organic C content, and increased by an average factor of 2.6 in three soils during the 8-week incubation period. Imidacloprid-guanidine sorption increased by a factor of 2.3 in the same soils. The increase in sorption was the result of a de crease in the metabolite extractable with CaCl2 (solution phase); the amount of metabolite extractable with acetonitrile and HCl (sorbed phase) did not significantly change with incubation time. It appears the increase in sorption was because the rate of degradation in solution and on labile sires was faster than the rate of desorption from the soil particles. It may have also been due to metabolite diffusion to less accessible or stronger binding sites with time. Regardless of the mechanism, these results are further evidence that increases in sorption during pesticide aging should be taken into account during characterization of the sorption process for mathematical models of pesticide degradation and transport. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, Seville 41080, Spain. Bayer Corp, Stilwell, KS 66088 USA. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir,Rm 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; OI , LUCIA/0000-0003-2113-4780 NR 26 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s003740100366 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 455HR UT WOS:000170021900017 ER PT J AU Lin, J Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB AF Lin, J Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB TI Developmental changes in the long form leptin receptor and related neuropeptide gene expression in the pig brain SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE developmental biology; hypothalamic hormones; hypothalamus; leptin; leptin receptor; neuropeptides ID PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN MESSENGER-RNA; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROPEPTIDES; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; RAT HYPOTHALAMUS; PREOPTIC AREA; ESTROUS-CYCLE; LH INCREASES; NEURONS AB The hypothalamus is the key site of central regulation of energy homeostasis, appetite, and reproduction. The long form leptin receptor (Ob-RI) is localized within the hypothalamus along with several neuropeptides that are involved in regulation of the neuroendocrine axis. In the present study, developmental changes in gene expression of the Ob-RI, preproorexin, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), somatostatin, and GnRH in the hypothalamus was studied. Expression of Ob-RI and neuropeptide mRNA was examined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in hypothalami collected from 106-day-old fetus (n = 3) and 7-day-old (n = 3), 3.5-mo-old (n = 3), and 6-mo-old (n 2) gilts. In addition, leptin mRNA expression in the first three ages was examined in back fat. Leptin mRNA expression increased (P < 0.05) by 7 days postnatal, but Ob-RI mRNA expression increased (P < 0.01) by 3.5 mo. Expression of preproorexin (P < 0.05), somatostatin, and GnRH (P < 0.01) mRNA peaked by 3,5 mo of age while POMC mRNA expression increased markedly (P < 0.01) by 6 mo of age, The CRF mRNA expression did not change across ages. These findings suggest a possible relationship among Ob-RI and a number of hypothalamic and peripheral peptides in the development of the neuroendocrine axis. These peptides may serve as messengers that link mechanisms that regulate reproduction and energy balance. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Unit, RB Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Unit, RB Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 43 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1614 EP 1618 DI 10.1095/biolreprod64.6.1614 PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 437JH UT WOS:000168988200005 PM 11369586 ER PT J AU Vaughan, T Seo, CW Marshall, WE AF Vaughan, T Seo, CW Marshall, WE TI Removal of selected metal ions from aqueous solution using modified corncobs SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; ADSORBENTS AB The objective of this study was to convert corncobs to metal ion adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Ground corncobs were modified with either 0.6 M citric acid (CA) or 1.0 M phosphoric acid (PA) to help improve their natural adsorption capacity. The effect of a combination of wash and modification treatment was tested for corncob adsorption efficiency with five different metal ions (cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc) individually or in a mixed solution containing each metal at a 20 mM concentration. Results were compared to those of commercial resins Amberlite IRC-718, Amberlite 200, Duolite GT-73 and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Modified corncobs showed the same adsorption efficiency as Duolite GT-73 for cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc ions and had greater adsorption than CMC for nickel and zinc ions. For mixed metals, the modified corncobs exhibited the same adsorption efficiency as Duolite GT-73 for cadmium and copper ions and the same or higher adsorption than Amberlite IRC-718 for lead ions. Adsorption capacities of modified samples were compared to those of Amberlite IRC-718, Amberlite 200 and Duolite GT-73. Commercial resins generally had higher adsorption capacities than modified corncobs. However, the adsorption capacity of modified corncobs for copper and lead ions was equivalent to Duolite GT-73, but was lower than for Amberlite IRC-718 or Amberlite 200. Depending on the specific metal ion and the presence or absence of other metal ions, chemically modified corncobs were at least equivalent in adsorption properties to all of the commercial cation exchange resins examined in this study. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, Dept Human Environm & Family Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Seo, CW (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, Dept Human Environm & Family Sci, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. NR 18 TC 197 Z9 215 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00007-4 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 418WU UT WOS:000167917800004 PM 11333031 ER PT J AU Allen, TFH Tainter, JA Pires, JC Hoekstra, TW AF Allen, TFH Tainter, JA Pires, JC Hoekstra, TW TI Dragnet ecology - "Just the facts, ma'am": The privilege of science in a postmodern world SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODELS; SUSTAINABILITY C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Inventory & Monitoring Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Allen, TFH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Pires, J Chris/0000-0001-9682-2639 NR 52 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUN PY 2001 VL 51 IS 6 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0475:DEJTFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 453UQ UT WOS:000169935200010 ER PT J AU Lazo, GR Tong, J Miller, R Hsia, C Rausch, C Kang, Y Anderson, OD AF Lazo, GR Tong, J Miller, R Hsia, C Rausch, C Kang, Y Anderson, OD TI Software scripts for quality checking of high-throughput nucleic acid sequencers SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB We have developed a graphical interface to allow the researcher to view and assess the quality of sequencing results using a series of program scripts developed to process data generated by automated sequencers. The scripts are written in Perl programming language and are executable under the cgi-bin directory of a Web server environment. The scripts direct nucleic acid sequencing trace file data output from automated sequencers to be analyzed by the phred molecular biology program and are displayed as graphical hypertext mark-up language (HTML) pages. The scripts are mainly designed to handle 96-well microtiter dish samples, but the scripts are also able to read data from 384-well microtiter dishes 96 samples ara time. The scripts may be customized for different laboratory environments and computer configurations. Web links to the sources and discussion page are provided. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lazo, GR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1300 EP + PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 441WH UT WOS:000169252200020 PM 11414222 ER PT J AU Min, W Kim, JK Lillehoj, HS Sohn, EJ Han, JY Song, KD Lillehoj, EP AF Min, W Kim, JK Lillehoj, HS Sohn, EJ Han, JY Song, KD Lillehoj, EP TI Characterization of recombinant scFv antibody reactive with an apical antigen of Eimeria acervulina SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE apical antigen; chicken; Eimeria; recombinant antibody; scFv ID CHICKEN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; TENELLA INFECTION; OOCYST WALL; IN-VITRO; SPOROZOITES; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; VACCINATION; COCCIDIOSIS; TECHNOLOGY AB The chicken monoclonal antibody (mAb), 6D-12-G10, reacts with an apical complex protein at the anterior tip of E. acervulina sporozoites that inhibits parasite invasion in vitro. Because this mAb was produced at low amount from the original hybridoma cells, an scFv antibody was constructed by amplification of the corresponding V-H and V-L genes and expressed in E. coli. The scFv antibody was produced at a minimum of 7 mg l(-1) and exhibited virtually identical antigen reactivity as the original mAb. C1 USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Changwon, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 23 IS 12 BP 949 EP 955 DI 10.1023/A:1010531019633 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 443EA UT WOS:000169324700004 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Harries, MD AF Schrader, KK Harries, MD TI Compounds with selective toxicity toward the musty-odor cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; OFF-FLAVOR; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; PONDS; DEPURATION; CHALYBEA C1 ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Serv, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Serv, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 66 IS 6 BP 801 EP 807 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 435MT UT WOS:000168885800016 PM 11353384 ER PT J AU Ringvall, A Stahl, G Teichmann, V Gove, JH Ducey, MJ AF Ringvall, A Stahl, G Teichmann, V Gove, JH Ducey, MJ TI Two-phase approaches to point and transect relascope sampling of downed logs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS AB Point relascope sampling and transect relascope sampling were recently proposed as methods for the inventory of downed coarse woody debris. By only counting logs with a relascope device, the total length squared (with point relascope sampling) or the total length (with transect relascope sampling) of downed logs in an area can be estimated. For estimates of other variables, such as volume, additional measurements on the sampled logs are required. In this article, two-phase approaches to the methods are presented that makes use of the estimates from fast counts of logs as auxiliary data. The presented approaches serve two purposes: (i) to improve the efficiency of the methods and (ii) to avoid the bias that is likely to occur if careful checks of whether or not doubtful logs should be counted are neglected. Each two-phase design was compared with a single-phase design in terms of the standard error obtained for a given inventory cost. The two-phase designs decreased the standard errors with ca. 17-18% for points and 10-15% for lines. Including subjective judgements as additional auxiliary variables further decreased the standard errors in the line case but not in the point case. In the former case, the improvement in comparison with the single-phase design was 17-23%. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management & Geomat, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ringvall, A (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management & Geomat, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6 BP 971 EP 977 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 452QC UT WOS:000169869400006 ER PT J AU Wurtz, TL Zasada, JC AF Wurtz, TL Zasada, JC TI An alternative to clear-cutting in the boreal forest of Alaska: a 27-year study of regeneration after shelterwood harvesting SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WHITE SPRUCE; INTERIOR ALASKA; COMPETITION; ECOLOGY; SITES; STAND AB We present 27-year results from a comparison of clear-cutting and shelterwood harvesting in the boreal forest of Alaska. Three patch clear-cut and three shelterwood units were harvested in 1972; about 100 dispersed white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) leave trees per hectare were retained in the shelterwoods. Units were mechanically scarified and an exceptionally large seed-crop was dispersed that year. Shelterwood trees were removed after 15 years. After 27 years, overstory treatment had no effect on the density or growth of the species we studied, while scarification had highly significant effects. In 1999, scarified areas were densely populated with white spruce seedlings and saplings (118 000 - 129 000 stems/ha, with spruce in 100% of plots). Unscarified areas had far fewer spruce stems but were nevertheless well stocked (11 000 - 15 000 stems/ha, with 87% frequency). Initially, spruce grew best on scarified surfaces, but by 27 years, growth of the tallest spruce saplings was significantly greater on unscarified than scarified surfaces. By 27 years, cover of the grass Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt. had returned to preharvest levels in all treatment types. Because criteria for evaluating forest management practices have changed since this study was begun, partial overstory retention systems for the management of Alaska's boreal forest deserve further study. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, Forest Serv,Pacific NW Res Stn, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Wurtz, TL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, Forest Serv,Pacific NW Res Stn, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, POB 756780, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1011 DI 10.1139/cjfr-31-6-999 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 452QC UT WOS:000169869400009 ER PT J AU Green, DS Kruger, EL Stanosz, GR Isebrands, JG AF Green, DS Kruger, EL Stanosz, GR Isebrands, JG TI Light-use efficiency of native and hybrid poplar genotypes at high levels of intracanopy competition SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SHORT-ROTATION; CROWN ARCHITECTURE; LEAF NITROGEN; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; POPULUS CLONES; GROWTH; LEAVES; AREA AB In southern Wisconsin, U.S.A., tree growth and associated canopy traits were compared among five native and hybrid genotypes of poplar (Populus spp.) in replicated, monoclonal stands planted at a 1 x 1 m spacing. The overall objective of this study was to assess clonal suitability to cultural conditions entailing high levels of intracanopy competition (such as high-density plantations or long rotations) and to identify selection criteria suitable to such conditions. Two of the clones were Populus deltoides Bartr., two were P. deltoides x Populus nigra L. (DN) crosses, and the fifth was a P. nigra x Populus maximowiczii A. Henry (NM) cross. In the third year after establishment, variation in aboveground biomass gain (ANBG) was analyzed in relation to canopy light interception (IPAR) and canopy light-use efficiency (LUE) during a 31-day period when growing conditions were most favorable (late June through late July). ANBG in this interval varied by twofold among genotypes (2.76-5.78 Mg.ha(1)), and it was highest in the two P. deltoides clones, followed by the NM and DN hybrids, respectively. Across genotypes, ANBG was unrelated to IPAR, which varied by only 5%. Instead, it was strongly and positively related (r(2) = 0.99) to the twofold variation in LUE (1.06-2.22 g.MJ(1)). Among measured canopy traits, the best predictor of LUE (r(2) = 0.88) was an additive combination of factors associated to the optimization of canopy photosynthesis: LUE was negatively related to both the canopy light-extinction coefficient and compensation irradiance at the canopy base. We infer from these findings that poplar genotypes can vary considerably in LUE and, correspondingly, in the extent to which photosynthesis is optimized in dense canopies. Furthermore, the low LUE among hybrid genotypes at this level of intracanopy competition may reflect a bias in "tree improvement" efforts towards maximizing biomass production under conditions of relatively low competition. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Green, DS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 59 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1030 EP 1037 DI 10.1139/cjfr-31-6-1030 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 452QC UT WOS:000169869400012 ER PT J AU Martin, CW Driscoll, CT Fahey, TJ AF Martin, CW Driscoll, CT Fahey, TJ TI Changes in streamwater chemistry after 20 years from forested watersheds in New Hampshire, U.S.A. (vol 30, pg 1206, 2000) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Fahey, TJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1104 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 452QC UT WOS:000169869400021 ER PT J AU van Berkum, P Fuhrmann, JJ AF van Berkum, P Fuhrmann, JJ TI Characterization of soybean bradyrhizobia for which serogroup affinities have not been identified SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bradyrhizobium; phylogeny; soybean; Glycine max; FAME; AFLP ID ROOT-NODULE BACTERIA; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM STRAINS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEROLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; SP-NOV; SOILS; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; NODULATION AB The USDA, ARS National Rhizobium Germplasm Collection contains 143 accessions of slow-growing soybean strains among which there are 17 distinct serological groups. However, 11 strains appear to have no serological affinity with the 17 serogroups. Therefore, we determined whether these strains were diverse and examined their phylogenetic placement. Nine strains formed nitrogen-fixing symbioses with soybean indicating that these accessions were not contaminants. We concluded from results of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, using 3 selective primers with 8 strains, that they were genetically dissimilar. Nine strains were examined for their fatty acid composition using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derivatives. The FAME results with 5 strains and serotype strains of Bradyrhizobium elkanii were similar, while results with each of the remaining 2 pairs were either similar to the type strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (USDA 6) or to USDA 110. Evolutionary history of 9 strains was reconstructed from sequence divergence of a combination of the complete 16S rRNA gene, the internally transcribed spacer region, and about 400 bases of the 5' end of the 23S rRNA gene. Placement of 5 strains was nested within B. elkanii, 2 with USDA 110, and the other 2 with USDA 6. We concluded that soybean isolates that cannot be placed within one of the 17 established serogroups are phenotypically and genetically as diverse as the serotype strains. C1 ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Delaware, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP van Berkum, P (reprint author), ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, USDA, HH-4,Bldg 010,BARC W,10 300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 47 IS 6 BP 519 EP 525 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 451AE UT WOS:000169776400007 PM 11467727 ER PT J AU Sanogo, S Yang, XB AF Sanogo, S Yang, XB TI Relation of sand content, pH, and potassium and phosphorus nutrition to the development of sudden death syndrome in soybean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; sudden death syndrome; Fusarium solani f. sp glycines; pH; sand; potassium; phosphorus ID MATRIC POTENTIALS; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; CHLORIDE; ASPARAGUS; TILLAGE; WHEAT AB Development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean (Glycine man L. Merr.), caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines (Fsg), was studied in relation to sand content, pH, and potassium and phosphorus nutrition under controlled environments. Incidence and severity of SDS increased by approximately two- and four-fold, respectively, as the sand content in soil increased from 53 to 100%. Disease severity increased by an average of 21% at soil pH = 7.7 compared to pH = 5.5. Amending the soil with potassium chloride resulted into an average decrease of 36% in SDS severity compared to the control; conversely, disease severity was increased by an average of 21% with calcium phosphate, 32% with potassium phosphate, 43% with potassium sulfate and sodium phosphate, and 45% with potassium nitrate compared to the controls. In vitro conidial germination of Fsg was not significantly affected by potassium and phosphorus amendments. However, mycelial linear growth was enhanced by an average of 15, 22, and 25% with potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, and sodium phosphate, respectively but not with potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, or calcium phosphate. Colony area increased with increasing pH and was approximately 2.5-fold greater at pH = 8.2 than at pH = 5.7. Collectively, these results indicate that the physical and chemical environments of soil exert a significant effect on SDS in soybean and on Fsg. C1 ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, XB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOL SOC PI GUELPH PA DEPT ENVIRON BIOL/UNIV GUELPH CAN. J PLANT PATHOL. DR. ROBERT HALL, GUELPH, ONTARIO N1G 2W1, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 23 IS 2 BP 174 EP 180 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 441UK UT WOS:000169247800010 ER PT J AU Pyare, S Longland, WS AF Pyare, S Longland, WS TI Mechanisms of truffle detection by northern flying squirrels SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; SPOROCARPS; CALIFORNIA; MYCOPHAGY; ECOLOGY; SECRET; STANDS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate how northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) locate truffles (Gautieria monticola), a subterranean and ephemeral but primary food source. Thus, we evaluated the importance of three factors to the foraging behavior of northern flying squirrels: (i) olfactory chemicals that emanate from truffles; (ii) the presence of coarse woody debris (decaying logs), which are often associated with fungi; and (iii) we explored the potential role animal memory could play in truffle detection as well. In a foraging arena, squirrels successfully retrieved buried truffles that lacked aboveground cues in 19 of 30 trials and failed to search near treatments that lacked truffles altogether, confirming the importance of olfaction to squirrel foraging. However, squirrels also retrieved truffles that were associated most frequently with surface logs (27 of 30). In addition, the initial detection rate of the truffle + log treatment was significantly greater than the truffle-only treatment. Thus, although squirrels search for truffles primarily using olfaction, they may also benefit by searching near coarse woody debris on the forest floor as an aboveground cue to truffle locations. In addition, because 82% of Sierra Nevada truffle-fruiting locations that were marked in 1996 yielded truffles again the following 2 years, mycophagous animals like northern flying squirrels may benefit by memorizing fruiting locations and foraging at these same locations from year to year. C1 Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Pyare, S (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Gen Delivery, Kelly, WY 83011 USA. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1015 DI 10.1139/cjz-79-6-1007 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 451AF UT WOS:000169776500010 ER PT J AU Kim, YI Fawaz, K Knox, T Lee, YM Norton, R Libby, E Mason, JB AF Kim, YI Fawaz, K Knox, T Lee, YM Norton, R Libby, E Mason, JB TI Colonic mucosal concentrations of folate are accurately predicted by blood measurements of folate status among individuals ingesting physiologic quantities of folate SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-GLUTAMATE SYNTHETASE; FOLIC-ACID DERIVATIVES; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; DIETARY-FOLATE; VITAMIN STATUS; HOMOCYSTEINE; SERUM; DEFICIENCY; POPULATION; CELLS AB Folate status is inversely related to the risk of colorectal cancer. Whether conventional blood measurements of folate status accurately reflect folate concentrations in the colorectal mucosa has been a controversial topic. This is an important issue because accurate measures of folate status in the colorectal mucosa are important for ascertaining the risk of colorectal cancer in epidemiological studies and for determining the effects of folate supplementation in clinical trials. We examined whether conventional blood measurements of folate and a more sensitive, inverse indicator of systemic folate status, serum homocysteine, accurately reflect folate concentrations in human colonic mucosa obtained by endoscopic biopsy. Study subjects (n = 20) were participants in a randomized trial that investigated the effect of folate supplementation (5 mg daily for 1 year) on provisional molecular markers of colon cancer. Blood samples and biopsies of normal rectosigmoid mucosa were obtained at baseline, at 6 months, and at 1 year. Serum, RBC, and colonic mucosal folate and serum homocysteine concentrations were determined. Colonic mucosal folate concentrations correlated directly with serum folate concentrators at each time point (r = 0.572 0.845; P < 0.015) and with RBC folate concentrations at 6 months and 1 year (r = 0.747-0.771; P < 0.001). Colonic mucosal folate concentrations correlated inversely with serum homocysteine concentrations at each time point (r = -0.622-0.666; P < 0.008). Systemic measures of folate status did not correlate with colonic mucosal folate concentrations among individuals receiving supplemental folate, Our observations indicate that colonic mucosal concentrations of folate may be predicted accurately by blood measurements of folate status only among individuals not ingesting supraphysiological quantities of folate. C1 Univ Toronto, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. St Michaels Hosp, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Tufts Univ, Sch Med,New England Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med,New England Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kim, YI (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, Room 7258,Med Sci Bldg,1 Kings Coll Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA59005-05S1, 1-UO1 CA63812-01]; NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR00054]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK34928GRASP] NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 6 BP 715 EP 719 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 442BU UT WOS:000169266000021 PM 11401925 ER PT J AU Nunez, A Ashby, R Foglia, TA Solaiman, DKY AF Nunez, A Ashby, R Foglia, TA Solaiman, DKY TI Analysis and characterization of sophorolipids by liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE column liquid chromatography; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; Candida bombicola; sophorolipids ID CANDIDA-BOMBICOLA; WHEY; OIL AB A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method combined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass detection (LC/APCI-MS) has been developed for the separation and analysis of sophorolipids produced by C. bombicola when grown on fatty acid mixtures. Using this method it was found that the incorporation of palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids into the sophorolipid structure was dependent on the initial fatty acid content of these acids, whereas the incorporation of oleic acid was independent of its initial content in the mixture. Also observed was the incorporation of esterified glycerol into the sophorolipid structure, which has not been reported previously. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nunez, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 10 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 6 PU VIEWEG PI WIESBADEN PA ABRAHAM-LINCOLN-STRABE 46, POSTFACH 15 47, D-65005 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD JUN PY 2001 VL 53 IS 11-12 BP 673 EP 677 DI 10.1007/BF02493019 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 455CN UT WOS:000170010100014 ER PT J AU Cox, L Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC Cornejo, J AF Cox, L Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC Cornejo, J TI Interactions of imidacloprid with organic-and inorganic-exchanged smectites SO CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE alkylammonium cations; montmorillonite; sorption; desorption ID SORPTION-DESORPTION; SOIL COLLOIDS; CLAYS; FORMULATIONS; ORGANOCLAYS; COMPONENTS; SIMAZINE; SURFACES; 2,4-D; ACID AB Sorption of the polar insecticide imidacloprid on organic-saturated octadecylammonium (C18) and dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DOD) and inorganic- (Fe-) saturated Wyoming (W) and Arizona (A) montmorillonites has been investigated. Sorption isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich equation. Imidacloprid-montmorillonite complexes were studied by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR techniques. Imidacloprid sorption coefficients, Kf, decreased in the order WC18 > AC18 > WFe > WDOD greater than or equal to ADOD. The low layer charge and saturation by primary alkylammonium cation facilitates sorption of imidacloprid in the interlayer of the smectite, corroborated by the increase in basal spacing observed in X-ray diffraction patterns and by the presence of absorption band shifts in FT-IR spectra. Imidacloprid sorbs in the interlayer space of smectite mainly by hydrophobic interactions with the alkyl chains in organic smectites and with the uncharged siloxane surface in Fe(III)-smectite. Further polar bonds between the NO2 group of imidacloprid and the NH of the primary alkyl cations and protonation of imidacloprid in Fe-smectites enhanced sorption in these cases. C1 CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, Seville 41080, Spain. USDA ARS, Soil Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cox, L (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, Apartado 1052, Seville 41080, Spain. RI COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; OI Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495; , LUCIA/0000-0003-2113-4780 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON SW7 5HR, ENGLAND SN 0009-8558 J9 CLAY MINER JI Clay Min. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1180/000985501750177997 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy GA 439XH UT WOS:000169142500013 ER PT J AU Silverstein, JT Bondareva, VM Leonard, JBK Plisetskaya, EM AF Silverstein, JT Bondareva, VM Leonard, JBK Plisetskaya, EM TI Neuropeptide regulation of feeding in catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: a role for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)? SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fish Endocrinology CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE feeding; feed intake regulation; glucagon-like peptide-1; intracerebroventricular injection; Exending(9-39); immunoneutralization; catfish; Ictalurus punctatus ID FOOD-INTAKE REGULATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BODY-WEIGHT; GOLDFISH BRAIN; FISH; BEHAVIOR; RECEPTOR; SATIETY; GROWTH AB Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a compound known to cause reduced food intake in mammals, though its action on feed intake in fish is unknown. The clear differences in the effects of GLP-1 on mammalian and teleostean glucose homeostasis suggest that we cannot assume a similar action of GLP-1 on feeding in mammals and fish. In this study the effects and specificity of centrally administered GLP-1 on feed intake were examined. It was demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is a potent inhibitor of feed intake with a dose of 0.25 ng g(-1) body wt. reducing feed intake by 50%. The weak response to intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection treatments with GLP-1 suggests the major effects on feed intake are centrally mediated. GLP-1 action on feed intake was not antagonized by ICV injection of exendin(9-39). Immunoneutralization of GLP-1 by ICV injection of antisalmon GLP-1 antisera did not affect feed intake over 48 h, while ICV injection of GLP-1 at a dose of 30 ng g(-1) body wt. reduced feed intake for over 20 h. Additionally, there is some evidence that GLP-1 caused gastric evacuation. We conclude that GLP-1 is a potent inhibitor of feeding in fish, but its involvement in feed intake regulation under physiological conditions remains to be clarified. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. IM Sechenov Evolutionary Physiol & Biochem Inst, St Petersburg 194223, Russia. Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Silverstein, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 129 IS 2-3 BP 623 EP 631 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00357-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 444AB UT WOS:000169374800048 PM 11399498 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Droege, S AF Welsh, HH Droege, S TI A case for using plethodontid salamanders for monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem integrity of North American forests SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS; REDBACK SALAMANDERS; COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; GENUS PLETHODON AB Terrestrial salamanders of the family Plethodontidae have unique attributes that make them excellent indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem integrity in forested habitats. Their longevity, small territory size, site fidelity, sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic perturbations, tendency to occur in high densities, and low sampling costs mean that counts of plethodontid salamanders provide numerous advantages over counts of other North American forest organisms for indicating environmental change. Furthermore, they are tightly linked physiologically to microclimatic and successional processes that influence the distribution and abundance of numerous other hydrophilic but difficult-to-study forest dwelling plants and animals. Ecosystem process such as moisture cycling, food-wed dynamics, and succession, with their related structural and microclimatic variability, all affect forest biodiversity and have been shown to affect salamander populations as well. We determined the variability associated with sampling for plethodontid salamanders by estimating the coefficient of variation (CV) from available time-series data. The median coefficient of variation indicated that variation in counts of individuals among studies was much lower in plethodontids (27%) than in lepidoptera (93%), passerine birds (57%), small mammals (69%), or other amphibians (37-46%), which means plethodontid salamanders provide an important statistical advantage over other species for monitoring long-term forest health. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 119 TC 155 Z9 166 U1 15 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 558 EP 569 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015003558.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441HY UT WOS:000169226000003 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, JH TI Habitat fragmentation and native bees: a premature verdict? SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; bees; conservation; diversity; habitat fragmentation; land-use change; pollination; pollinator; statistics; taxonomy ID AMAZONIAN FOREST FRAGMENTS; NESTING BEES; EUGLOSSINE BEES; TROPICAL FOREST; HYMENOPTERA; REPRODUCTION; MEGACHILIDAE; COMMUNITIES; EXTINCTION; APOIDEA AB Few studies directly address the consequences of habitat fragmentation for communities of pollinating insects, particularly for the key pollinator group, bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes). Bees typically live in habitats where nesting substrates and bloom are patchily distributed and spatially dissociated. Bee studies have all defined habitat fragments as remnant patches of floral hosts or forests, overlooking the nesting needs of bees. Several authors conclude that habitat fragmentation is broadly deleterious, but their own data show that some native species proliferate in sampled fragments. Other studies report greater densities and comparable diversities of native bees at flowers in some fragment size classes relative to undisrupted habitats, but find dramatic shifts in species composition. Insightful studies of habitat fragmentation and bees will consider fragmentation, alteration, and loss of nesting habitats, not just patches of forage plants, as well as the permeability of the surrounding matrix to interpatch movement. Inasmuch as the floral associations and nesting habits of bees are often attributes of species or subgenera, ecological interpretations hinge on authoritative identifications. Study designs must accommodate statistical problems associated with bee community samples, especially non-normal data and frequent zero values. The spatial scale of fragmentation must be appreciated: bees of medium body size can regularly fly 1-2 km from nest site to forage patch. Overall, evidence for prolonged persistence of substantial diversity and abundances of native bee communities in habitat fragments of modest size promises practical solutions for maintaining bee populations. Provided that reserve selection, design, and management can address the foraging and nesting needs of bees, networks of even small reserves may hold hope for sustaining considerable pollinator diversity and the ecological services pollinators provide. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 45 TC 96 Z9 104 U1 9 U2 87 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 5 IS 1 BP art. no. EP 3 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 458XV UT WOS:000170221500010 ER PT J AU Cane, JH Tepedino, VJ AF Cane, JH Tepedino, VJ TI Causes and extent of declines among native North American invertebrate pollinators: Detection, evidence, and consequences SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; Apoidea; Insecta; conservation; diversity; land-use change; native invertebrate pollinators; North America; pollination; pollinator declines ID CONSERVATION; BEES AB Ecosystem health and agricultural wealth in North America depend on a particular invertebrate fauna to deliver pollination services. Extensive losses in pollinator guilds and communities can disrupt ecosystem integrity, a circumstance that today forces most farmers to rely on honey bees for much fruit and seed production. Are North America's invertebrate pollinator faunas already widely diminished or currently threatened by human activities? How would we know, what are the spatiotemporal scales for detection, and which anthropogenic factors are responsible? Answers to these questions were considered by participants in a workshop sponsored by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in October of 1999, and these questions form the nucleus for the papers in this special issue. Several contributors critically interpret the evidence for declines of bee and fly pollinators, the pollination deficits that should ensue, and their economic costs. Spatiotemporal unruliness in pollinator numbers, particularly bees, is shown to hinder our current insights, highlighting the need for refined survey and sampling designs. At the same time, two remarkable studies clearly show the long-term persistence of members of complex bee communities. Other authors offer new perspectives on habitat fragmentation and global warming as drivers of pollinator declines. Bees and lepidopterans are contrasted in terms of their natural genetic variation and their consequent resilience in the face of population declines. Overall, many ecologists and conservation biologists have not fully appreciated the daunting challenges that accompany sampling designs, taxonomy, and the natural history of bees, flies, and other invertebrate pollinators, a circumstance that must be remedied if we are to reliably monitor invertebrate pollinator populations and respond to their declines with effective conservation measures. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 19 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 10 U2 118 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 5 IS 1 BP art. no. EP 1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 458XV UT WOS:000170221500003 ER PT J AU Rudich, A Vanounou, S Riesenberg, K Porat, M Tirosh, A Harman-Boehm, I Greenberg, AS Schlaeffer, F Bashan, N AF Rudich, A Vanounou, S Riesenberg, K Porat, M Tirosh, A Harman-Boehm, I Greenberg, AS Schlaeffer, F Bashan, N TI The HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir induces insulin resistance and increases basal lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY HAART; DIABETES-MELLITUS; INFECTED PATIENTS; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; GLUT4 TRANSLOCATION; PERILIPIN-A; LIPODYSTROPHY; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; MECHANISM AB HIV protease inhibitors (HPIs) are potent antiretroviral agents clinically used in the management of HIV infection. Recently, HPI therapy has been linked to the development of a metabolic syndrome in which adipocyte insulin resistance appears to play a major role. In this study, we assessed the effect of nelfinavir on glucose uptake and lipolysis in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. An 18-h exposure to nelfinavir resulted in an impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and activation of basal lipolysis. Impaired insulin stimulation of glucose up take occurred at nelfinavir concentrations >10 mu mol/l (EC50 = 20 mu mol/l) and could be attributed to impaired GLUT4 translocation. Basal glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) release were significantly enhanced with as low as 5 mu mol/l nelfinavir, displaying fivefold stimulation of FFA release at 10 mu mol/l. Yet, the antilipolytic action of insulin was preserved at this concentration. Potential underlying mechanisms for these metabolic effects included both impaired insulin stimulation of protein kinase B Ser 473 phosphorylation with preserved insulin receptor substrate tyrosine phosphorylation and decreased expression of the lipolysis regulator perilipin. Troglitazone pre- and cotreatment with nelfinavir partly protected the cells from the increase in basal lipoysis, but it had no effect on the impairment in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake induced by this HPI. This study demonstrates that nelfinavir induces insulin resistance and activates basal lipolysis in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, providing potential cellular mechanisms that may contribute to altered adipocyte metabolism in treated HIV patients. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, S Daniel Abraham Ctr Hlth & Nutr, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Leslie & Susan Gonda Goldschmied Lab Multidiscipl, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Soroka Med Ctr, Infect Dis Unit, Beer Sheva, Israel. Soroka Med Ctr, Diabet Unit, Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Bashan, N (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RI RIESENBERG, KLARIS/F-1132-2012 NR 35 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD JUN PY 2001 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1425 EP 1431 DI 10.2337/diabetes.50.6.1425 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 436XV UT WOS:000168961900024 PM 11375344 ER PT J AU Donovan, TM Thompson, FR AF Donovan, TM Thompson, FR TI Modeling the ecological trap hypothesis: A habitat and demographic analysis for migrant songbirds SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecological trap; habitat quality; landscape management; neotropical migrant songbirds; population demography; population dynamics; source-sink ID MIGRATORY BIRDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SINK POPULATIONS; NEST PREDATION; FOREST; DENSITY; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPES; DYNAMICS; HETEROGENEITY AB Most species occupy both high- and low-quality habitats throughout their ranges. As habitats become modified through anthropogenic change, low-quality habitat may become a more dominant component of the landscape for some species. To conserve species, information on how to assess habitat quality and guidelines for maintaining or eliminating low-quality habitats are needed. We developed a source-sink population model that depicted the annual cycle of a generalized migratory Songbird to address these questions. We determined how demographic factors, landscape composition (the percentage of high-and low-quality habitat), and habitat selection interacted to promote population persistence or extirpation. Demographic parameters, including adult and juvenile survival, nesting success (probability of a nest successfully fledging one or more young), number of nesting attempts, and number of young fledged per nest, interacted to affect population growth. In general, population growth was more sensitive to adult and juvenile survival than to fecundity. Nevertheless, within typically observed survival values, nest success was important in determining whether the population increased, decreased, or was stable. Moreover, the number of nest attempts by females and the number of young fledged per nesting attempt influenced population stability. This highlights the need to obtain more complete demographic data on species than simple nest success to assess habitat quality. When individuals selected high- and low-quality habitats in proportion to habitat availability, populations persisted as long as low-quality habitat did not make up > 40% of the landscapes. However, when individuals preferred low-quality habitats over high-quality habitats, populations were extirpated in landscapes with > 30% low-quality habitat because low-quality habitat functioned as an ecological trap, displacing individuals from high-quality to low-quality habitat. For long-term conservation; we emphasize the need for basic information on habitat selection and life-history characteristics of species throughout their range. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Donovan, TM (reprint author), BRD, USGS, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 311 Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM tdonovan@nature.snr.uvm.edu NR 46 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 5 U2 64 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 871 EP 882 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445KP UT WOS:000169456900018 ER PT J AU Grether, GF Millie, DF Bryant, MJ Reznick, DN Mayea, W AF Grether, GF Millie, DF Bryant, MJ Reznick, DN Mayea, W TI Rain forest canopy cover, resource availability, and life history evolution in guppies SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy cover; density-dependent selection; environmental gradient; growth rate; life history evolution; periphyton; Poecilia reticulata; predation; primary productivity; resource available; tropical stream; Trinidad; West Indies ID POECILIA-RETICULATA; FOOD WEBS; NATURAL-SELECTION; TROPICAL STREAM; COLOR PATTERNS; COMMUNITY; BEHAVIOR; FISH; PERIPHYTON; POPULATION AB Life history traits in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) vary geographically along a predator assemblage gradient, and held experiments have indicated that the association may be causal; guppies introduced from high predation sites to low predation sites have evolved the phenotype associated with low predation in as few as seven generations. It has long been recognized, however that low predation sites tend to have greater forest canopy cover than high predation sites. Stream differences in canopy cover could translate into stream differences in resource availability, another theoretically potent agent of selection on life history traits. Moreover, new computer simulations indicate that the high predation phenotype would outcompete the low predation phenotype under both mortality regimes. Thus, predation alone may not be sufficient to explain the observed life history patterns, Here we show that food availability for guppies decreases as forest canopy cover increases, among six low predation streams in the Northern Range of Trinidad. Streams with less canopy cover received more photosynthetically active light and contained a larger standing crop of algae (the primary food of guppies), as measured by algal pigment, (chlorophylls and carotenoids) on both natural cobble and artificial tile substrates, but did not contain a greater biomass of guppies (per square meter of streambed). Consequently, algae availability for guppies (in micrograms of algal pigments per milligram of guppy) increased with decreasing canopy cover. The biomass of guppies and algae both decreased after a series of floods, with no net effect on algae availability. Field mark-recapture studies revealed that female and juvenile guppies grew faster and that the asymptotic size of mature males was larger, in streams with less canopy cover. Canopy cover explained 84% of the variation among streams in algae availability which, in turn, explained 93% of the variation in guppy growth rates. Laboratory "common garden" experiments indicated that the stream differences in growth and adult male size in the field were largely environmental (nongenetic). These results strongly suggest that stream differences in canopy cover result in consistent stream differences in food availability, independent of predation. Our preliminary data indicate that some life history traits (offspring size and litter size) vary genetically along the canopy cover gradient, among low predation streams, in the same direction a's along the predation gradient. Another recent study shows that food availability is higher at high predation sites than at low predation sires, partly as an indirect effect of predators reducing guppy densities. Further research is required to disentangle the direct effects of predation from those of resource availability in the evolution of life histories. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Organism Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USDA ARS, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Grether, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Organism Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Langerhans, R./A-7205-2009; Grether, Gregory/F-6286-2011 NR 63 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2001 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1546 EP 1559 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1546:RFCCRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 446PG UT WOS:000169521200004 ER PT J AU Buonaccorsi, JP Elkinton, JS Evans, SR Liebhold, AM AF Buonaccorsi, JP Elkinton, JS Evans, SR Liebhold, AM TI Measuring and testing for spatial synchrony SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autoregressive models; bootstrapping; concordance; correlation; hypothesis testing; Moran effect; spatial synchrony; time series ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TIME-SERIES; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS; PATTERNS; MOTH; AUTOCORRELATION; LEPIDOPTERA; OUTBREAKS; RODENT AB Spatial synchrony in abundance among populations at different locations has been studied for many species. Different statistics have been used as measures of synchrony, and various techniques have been employed to test the hypothesis that there is no synchrony. In this paper we first describe and contrast various measures of synchrony and then discuss testing for no synchrony. Tests that ignore the serial correlation are commonly employed but are incorrect if there is serial correlation present, as is often the case with populations followed over time. Alternative approaches and their limitations are presented including tests based on residuals, adjusted degrees of freedom tests, and bootstrap procedures. We recommend tests based on residuals in a model-based setting. We also discuss some of the difficulties of finding model-free approaches and suggest some methods based on confidence intervals for future study. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biostat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, Forset Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 55 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2001 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1668 EP 1679 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1668:MATFSS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 446PG UT WOS:000169521200014 ER PT J AU Landres, P Meyer, S Matthews, S AF Landres, P Meyer, S Matthews, S TI The Wilderness Act and fish stocking: An overview of legislation, judicial interpretation, and agency implementation SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE wilderness; fish stocking; federal agencies; amphibians; federal policies; case law ID MANAGEMENT AB Many high-elevation lakes in designated wilderness are stocked with native and nonnative fish by state fish and Same agencies to provide recreational fishing opportunities. In several areas, this practice has become controversial with state wildlife managers who support historical recreational use of wilderness, federal wilderness managers who assert that stocking compromises some of the ecological and social values of wilderness, and different public groups that support one or the other position. Herein we examine this controversy from the perspective of the 1964 Wilderness Act, its judicial interpretation, the policies of the federal agencies, and formal agreements between federal and state agencies. Although some state stocking programs restore native fish populations, other programs may compromise some of the ecological and social values of wilderness areas. Further, although current federal regulations recognize state authority for fish stocking, judicial interpretation gives federal agencies the authority for direct involvement in decisions regarding fish stocking in wilderness. Where there are differences of opinion between state and federal managers, this judicial interpretation strongly points to the need for improved cooperation, communication, and coordination between state wildlife managers and federal wilderness managers to balance recreational fishing opportunities and other wildlife management activities with wilderness values. C1 USDA ARS, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Dept Interior, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Landres, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2001 VL 4 IS 4 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s10021-001-0011-6 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 444RP UT WOS:000169413600003 ER PT J AU Adams, SB Frissell, CA Rieman, BE AF Adams, SB Frissell, CA Rieman, BE TI Geography of invasion in mountain streams: Consequences of headwater lake fish introductions SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE invasion; dispersal; landscape; demography; conservation; nonnative fish; salmonids; lake; stream ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; NEW-ZEALAND; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; NONNATIVE FISH; BROWN TROUT; POPULATIONS AB The introduction of fish into high-elevation lakes can provide a geographic and demographic boost to their invasion of stream networks, thereby further endangering the native stream fauna. Increasingly, remaining populations of native salmonids are concentrated in fragmented headwater refugia that are protected by physical or biological barriers from introduced fishes that originate in the pervasive source populations established at lower elevations. Although fish introduced near mainstem rivers frequently encounter obstacles to upstream dispersal, such as steep slopes or falls, we found that brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) dispersed downstream through channel slopes of 80% and 18-m-high falls. Thus, headwater lake stocking provides source populations that may be capable of invading most downstream habitats, including headwater refugia of native fishes. The extent of additional area invasible from lakes, beyond that invasible from downstream, depends on the geography of the stream network, particularly the density and distribution of headwater lakes and their location relative to barriers inhibiting upstream dispersal. In the thermal and trophic environments downstream of lakes, fish commonly grow faster and thus mature earlier and have higher fecundity-at-age than their counterparts in other high-elevation streams. The resulting higher rates of population growth facilitate invasion. Larger body sizes also potentially aid the fish in overcoming barriers to invasion. Trout introductions to high-elevation headwater lakes thus pose disproportionately large risks to native fishes-even when the place of introduction may appear to be spatially dissociated from populations of the native species. Mapping the potential invasible area can help to establish priorities in stocking and eradication efforts. C1 Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Adams, SB (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 61 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2001 VL 4 IS 4 BP 296 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10021-001-0012-5 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 444RP UT WOS:000169413600004 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Clearwater, MJ Goldstein, G AF Meinzer, FC Clearwater, MJ Goldstein, G TI Water transport in trees: current perspectives, new insights and some controversies SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE plant-water relations; cohesion theory; soil water partitioning; hydraulic architecture; xylem cavitation; capacitance ID ROOT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; THUJA-OCCIDENTALIS L; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L; COMPENSATING PRESSURE THEORY; LOWLAND TROPICAL FOREST; ASH FRAXINUS-AMERICANA; INDUCED XYLEM EMBOLISM; HAWAIIAN DRY FOREST; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; ACER-SACCHARUM AB This review emphasizes recent developments and controversies related to the uptake, transport and loss of water by trees. Comparisons of the stable isotope composition of soil and xylem water have provided new and sometimes unexpected insights concerning spatial and temporal partitioning of soil water by roots. Passive, hydraulic redistribution of water from moister to drier portions of the soil profile via plant root systems may have a substantial impact on vertical profiles of soil water distribution, partitioning of water within and among species, and on ecosystem water balance. The recent development of a technique for direct measurement of pressure in individual xylem elements of intact, transpiring plants elicited a number of challenges to the century-old cohesion-tension theory. The ongoing debate over mechanisms of long-distance water transport has stimulated an intense interest in the phenomenon and mechanisms of embolism repair. Rather than embolism being essentially irreversible, it now appears that there is a dynamic balance between embolism formation and repair throughout the day and that daily release of water from the xylem via cavitation may serve to stabilize leaf water balance by minimizing the temporal imbalance between water supply and demand. Leaf physiology is closely linked to hydraulic architecture and hydraulic perturbations, but the precise nature of the signals to which stomata respond remains to be elucidated. When water transport in trees is studied at multiple scales from single leaves to the whole organism, considerable functional convergence in regulation of water use among phylogenetically diverse species is revealed. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand, Te Puke Res Ctr, Te Puke, New Zealand. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Clearwater, Michael/0000-0002-8563-0671 NR 205 TC 134 Z9 157 U1 13 U2 107 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 3 BP 239 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(01)00074-0 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427JB UT WOS:000168400100003 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Bland, JM AF Cornelius, ML Bland, JM TI Trail-following behavior of Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera : rhinotermitidae): Is there a species-specific response? SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; Reticulitermes flavipes; trail pheromone; chemical communication ID TERMITES ISOPTERA; PHEROMONE; SHIRAKI AB Bioassays were conducted to examine the response of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) to whole body extracts of termites. Bioassays were also conducted to determine if trail-following behavior could be elicited in glass tubes after different lengths of exposure to termites and if termites showed any species-specific response to exposed tubes. Trail-following behavior was elicited in both species in response to whole body extracts of their nestmates. Although C, formosanus responded to the R. flavipes extract, R. flavipes did not show a difference in response to the C, formosanus extract versus solvent-treated controls. Trail-following behavior was elicited in both C, formosanus and R. flavipes by glass tubes exposed to termites for 5 min. Although neither species showed a preference for glass tubes exposed to their nestmates over tubes exposed to termites of the other species, there were differences in the persistency of trail-following substances deposited in tubes by the two species. When tubes were exposed to termites for 5 min, trail-following behavior was elicited by tubes exposed to C. formosanus for at least 1 h after exposure, whereas termites no longer responded to tubes that were exposed to R, flavipes 10-15 min after exposure. When tubes were exposed to termites for 14 d, termites deposited chemical markers which lasted for at least 8 d. There was no difference in the response of C. formosanus to tubes exposed to their nestmates versus tubes exposed to R. flavipes. However, R. flavipes showed a significant preference for tubes exposed to their nestmates over tubes exposed to C. formosanus. Because there was no evidence of a species-specific response by R. flavipes to tubes exposed to termites for only 5 min, it is possible that chemicals in the feces or in salivary secretions deposited in tubes influenced the behavior of R. flavipes in tests using tubes exposed to termites for 14 d. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 16 U2 45 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 457 EP 465 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444AP UT WOS:000169376000001 ER PT J AU Sappington, TW Greenberg, SM Tisdale, RA AF Sappington, TW Greenberg, SM Tisdale, RA TI Location of beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) egg mass deposition within canopies of cotton and pigweed SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; beet armyworm; oviposition; egg mass; cotton; pigweed ID SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; RESISTANCE AB The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), is a sporadic but devastating secondary pest of cotton. Scouting cotton for egg masses is commonly recommended for identifying potential outbreaks and for proper timing of insecticide applications. However, there is disagreement regarding where to look on the plant for beet armyworm eggs. We investigated and quantified placement of egg masses by laboratory colony females within cotton and pigweed (a preferred wild host plant) canopies of different heights. In cotton, almost all egg masses were deposited on the undersides of leaves, and approximate to 80% of the egg masses were consistently located in the upper 50% of the cotton canopy, and horizontally within the inner 50% of the canopy around the central axis. Although this trend was consistent among all categories of plant height tested, variation about the means decreased with increasing height. A smaller sample of wild females indicated similar vertical placement, but horizontal placement extending further distally in the canopy. Our results indicate that scouting for egg masses on the underside of leaves in the upper half of the canopy will recover approximate to 80% of the egg masses present on the plants. In pigweed, egg masses were commonly laid within the inner 50% of the canopy, but along the upper 80% of the vertical axis. As in cotton, variation about the means was less in taller plants. The number of eggs per egg mass was 29% less in cotton than in pigweed. This positional information will aid in further efforts to investigate, predict, and manage beet armyworm populations in cotton and noncotton hosts. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444AP UT WOS:000169376000007 ER PT J AU Bentz, JA Townsend, AM AF Bentz, JA Townsend, AM TI Leaf element content and utilization of maple and elm as hosts by the potato leafhopper (Homoptera : Cicadellidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE potato leafhopper; maple; elm; oviposition; nymphal survivorship; feeding injury ID EMPOASCA-FABAE HARRIS; FEEDING INJURY; RED MAPLE; OVIPOSITION; NITROGEN; ALFALFA; CLONES AB Feeding injury and performance of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), was measured on two red maple clones (Acer rubrum L.), a Freeman maple cultivar (A. X freemanii E. Murray), two elm cultivars (Ulmus spp.), and an American elm clonal selection (U. americana L.), and was related to the leaf content of important nutritional elements. Significantly more eggs were laid and more nymphs became adults on American and Patriot elms than on the other clones. Although the mean number of eggs laid was not significantly different among the maple clones, nymphal survivorship was significantly higher on red maple 56026 than on the other maple clones. Although the number of eggs laid was linearly related to foliar nitrogen and phosphorus, survival of nymphs to adulthood was linearly related to foliar nitrogen. Significantly more leafhoppers from the wild population were collected from American elm, followed by Patriot elm and red maple 56026. Although none of the elms showed any evidence of feeding injury, the maple trees varied from tolerant (i.e., 'Indian Summer') to susceptible (i.e., red maple 56026). Leafhoppers may need to increase feeding on red maple 56026 as a compensatory response to the limited nutritional quality of this clone. Because the sex ratio of the wild population was close to 1:1, and consistent across clones, it appears that differences in the behavior of the potato leafhopper among clones were not a function of gender bias associated with each species. Resistance against the potato leafhopper among maples and elms is influenced, in part, by the nutritional content of the leaves. Yet, feeding injury is not a good indicator of host resistance against the potato leafhopper. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bentz, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444AP UT WOS:000169376000010 ER PT J AU Brewer, MJ Nelson, DJ Ahern, RG Donahue, JD Prokrym, DR AF Brewer, MJ Nelson, DJ Ahern, RG Donahue, JD Prokrym, DR TI Recovery and range expansion of parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae and Braconidae) released for biological control of Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera : Aphididae) in Wyoming SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphelinus albipodus; Aphelinus asychis; Diaeretiella rapae; Russian wheat aphid; aphid parasitoids; biological control ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; DIAERETIELLA-RAPAE HYMENOPTERA; WASHINGTON-STATE; COLORADO; ABUNDANCE; ASYCHIS; HOSTS; RESPONSES; BARLEY AB Aphelinus albipodus Hayat & Fatima, A. asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Aphidius colemani (Viereck), Aphidius picipes (Nees), Aphidius rhopalosiphi DeStefani-Perez, Ephedrus plagiator (Ness), and Praon gallicum Stary (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were released in southeastern Wyoming for biological control of Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). A total of 407,028 parasitoids in the form of mummified aphids was released from 1989 to 1996. Three species, A. albipodus, A. asychis, and D. rapae, were first detected in winter wheat fields 3 yr after first release and spread throughout the wheat production region within 5 yr of release. Other primary aphid parasitoids were recovered sporadically and in very small quantities, and hyperparasitoids consisted of up to 20% of the specimens recovered. There were significant differences in abundance of A. albipodus, A. asychis, and D. rapae. In 1992, D. rapae was more abundant than the two aphelinids. By 1995, A. albipodus was becoming more prevalent than D. rapae, and A. albipodus was the most abundant species in 1997 and 1998. During these 2 yr, A. albipodus and D. rapae were detected in small grain fields and adjacent grasslands in similar abundance in both habitats. Of the parasitoids released in the D. noxia biological control program, A. albipodus and D. rapae commonly occurred in wheat and barley of southeastern Wyoming, with occurrence of the exotic A. albipodus directly attributable to the release effort. A. albipodus is likely becoming the predominant species in small grain production in the region. And A. albipodus and D. rapae range expansion and occurrence in grassland sites adjacent to wheat and barley may aid in their ability to control D. noxa. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Niles Plant Protect Ctr, Niles, MI 49120 USA. RP Brewer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, POB 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 578 EP 588 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444AP UT WOS:000169376000017 ER PT J AU Clark, SE Van Driesche, RG Sturdevant, N Kegley, S AF Clark, SE Van Driesche, RG Sturdevant, N Kegley, S TI Comparative efficacy of adult and larval sampling for detection of the root-boring insects Agapeta zoegana (Lepidoptera : Cochylidae) and cyphocleonus achates (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) released for biological control of spotted knapweed SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agapeta zoegana; Cyphocleonus achates; Centaurea maculosa; spotted knapweed; biological control; larval sampling ID FAHRAEUS COLEOPTERA; DIFFUSE KNAPWEED; NORTH-AMERICA; PROPAGATION; COMPOSITAE; ASTERACEAE; COST AB In biological control projects, establishment of released natural enemies is a key step and must be efficiently detected. We studied the relative efficacy of larval versus adult sampling to detect establishment on spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Lamarck, of the two root feeding insects Agapeta zoegana L, and Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus). Larval sampling was based on excavation and dissection of plant roots. Adult sampling consisted of either sighting adults along transects at release sites or collection of adults by sweep netting. Recovery rates for A. zoegana were higher through adult visual sampling (54.8%) than through larval sampling via root dissection (43.0%). Adult visual sampling required less time (30 min/site) than did root dissection (130 min/site). Sweep net sampling, although having the lowest detection rate (38.1%), required even less time (10 min/site) and was the most effective method per unit time. In contrast, for C. achates, larval sampling was the most effective method, with a recovery rate of 35.6%, compared with 8.9% for adult visual sampling. Sweep netting was more effective than visual sampling, with a detection rate of 18.1%. Adult visual sampling required less time (44 min/site) than did root dissection (130 min/site). Sweep net sampling, although having the lowest detection rate (18.1%), required even less time (10 min/site) and was the most effective method per unit time. However, other factors such as weather, travel time, and training levels needed for sampling make root sampling a more effective method, in a larger sense, for both of these insects. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. RP Clark, SE (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 589 EP 594 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444AP UT WOS:000169376000018 ER PT J AU Fuester, RW Kenis, M Swan, KS Kingsley, PC Lopez-Vaamonde, C Herard, F AF Fuester, RW Kenis, M Swan, KS Kingsley, PC Lopez-Vaamonde, C Herard, F TI Host range of Aphantorhaphopsis samarensis (Diptera : Tachinidae), a larval parasite of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphantorhaphopsis samarensis; biological control; host range; host specificity; host suitability ID DISPAR L; BIOLOGY AB Aphantorhaphopsis samarensis (Villeneuve), a European tachinid, has been released in North America for classical biological control of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.). This study examined the host range of A, samarensis. We used three approaches: (1) field collection and rearing of potential alternate or alternative hosts at European sites where A. samarensis was known to occur, (2) choice tests offering females of A, samarensis both gypsy moth and native North American species of Lepidoptera, and (3) host suitability tests in which we artificially inoculated European nontarget species with mature eggs of A. samarensis dissected from gravid females. In the field studies, we collected a total of 851 caterpillars, belonging to at least 54 species other than gypsy moth in 11 families, over several years, but none yielded A. samarensis, with the possible exception of a single larva of Lymantria monacha (L.) and the rusty tussock moth, Orgyia antiqua (L.), which yielded puparia resembling those of A, samarensis. In laboratory tests, we offered females of A. samarensis 11 native species of North American Lepidoptera in five families, but only the lymantriid Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. Smith), was successfully parasitized. In host suitability studies, we inoculated 10 species of Lepidoptera in eight families with mature eggs of A. samarensis, but parasitism was successful only in L. dispar. We conclude that A. samarensis has a high degree of host specificity. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res, Newark, DE 19713 USA. CABI Biosci Ctr, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Otis Methods Dev Ctr, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. RP Fuester, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RI Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos/A-5548-2009 OI Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos/0000-0003-2278-2368 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 605 EP 611 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 444AP UT WOS:000169376000020 ER PT J AU Darwin, RF Tol, RSJ AF Darwin, RF Tol, RSJ TI Estimates of the economic effects of sea level rise SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE direct cost; economic impacts; equivalent variation; sea level rise ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; COST; FUND; VULNERABILITY; POLICIES AB Regional estimates of direct cost (DC) are commonly used to measure the economic damages of sea level rise. Such estimates suffer from three limitations: (i) values of threatened endowments are not well known, (ii) loss of endowments does not affect consumer prices, and (iii) international trade is disregarded. Results in this paper indicate that these limitations can significantly affect economic assessments of sea level rise. Current uncertainty regarding endowment values (as reflected in two alternative data sets), for example, leads to a 17 percent difference in coastal protection, a 36 percent difference in the amount of land protected, and a 36 percent difference in DC globally. Also, global losses in equivalent variation (EV), a welfare measure that accounts for price changes, are 13 percent higher than DC estimates. Regional EV losses may be up to 10 percent lower than regional DC, however, because international trade tends to redistribute losses from regions with relatively high damages to regions with relatively low damages. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Hamburg, Ctr Marine & Climate Res, Hamburg, Germany. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Integrated Studies Human Dimensions Global Ch, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Darwin, RF (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Tol, Richard/D-5245-2011 OI Tol, Richard/0000-0002-8012-3988 NR 43 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 19 IS 2 BP 113 EP 129 DI 10.1023/A:1011136417375 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 423UQ UT WOS:000168196500002 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ Ewel, KC AF Drexler, JZ Ewel, KC TI Effect of the 1997-1998 ENSO-related drought on hydrology and salinity in a Micronesian wetland complex SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; EL-NINO; NORTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; MANGROVE FORESTS; CLIMATE; ECOLOGY; IMPACTS; WATER AB The potential effects of global climate change on coastal ecosystems have attracted considerable attention, but the impacts of shorter-term climate perturbations such as ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) are lesser known. In this study, we determined the effects of the 1997-1998 ENSO-related drought on the hydrology and salinity of a Micronesian mangrove ecosystem and an adjacent freshwater swamp. A network of 9 piezometer clusters installed at the study site served as sampling points for continuous and manual measurements of salinity and water level. During the drought period from January through April 1998, mean water table levels in the mangroves and freshwater swamp were approximately 12 and 54 cm lower, respectively, than during May through December when precipitation returned to near normal levels. At the peak of the drought (February 1998), the most dramatic result was a reversal in groundwater flow that sent groundwater from the mangroves upstream toward the freshwater swamp. Flow nets constructed for this period and immediately after illustrate the strong hydrological linkage between the two systems. This linkage was also illustrated by measurements of groundwater salinity in the piezometer network. Ninety-six percent of the salinity measurements taken in the mangroves during the study were at least 10 parts per thousand less than the salinity of sea water, indicating that the mangroves were consistently receiving freshwater flows. An analysis of variance of groundwater salinity measurements during and after the drought showed that salinity levels in the 0.5 and 1.0 m depth piezometers were greater during than after the drought. In a comparison of salinity values in 0.5-m wells during low tide, mean salinity was approximately twice as high during the drought than after (14.7 parts per thousand versus 6.2 parts per thousand, respectively). This study demonstrates that short-term climate perturbations such as ENSO can disrupt important coastal processes. Over repeated drought cycles, such perturbations have the potential to affect the structure and function of mangrove forests and upstream ecosystems. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 14 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD JUN PY 2001 VL 24 IS 3 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.2307/1353237 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 457AV UT WOS:000170115700004 ER PT J AU Nelson, HK Shi, Q Van Dael, P Schiffrin, EJ Blum, S Barclay, D Levander, OA Beck, MA AF Nelson, HK Shi, Q Van Dael, P Schiffrin, EJ Blum, S Barclay, D Levander, OA Beck, MA TI Host nutritional selenium status as a driving force for influenza virus mutations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE selenium; influenza virus; oxidative stress; mutations; quasispecies ID NF-KAPPA-B; GENE-EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; MICE AB Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that infection with influenza A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2), a relatively mild strain of the virus, caused much more severe pneumonitis in selenium (Se)-deficient mice than in Se-adequate mice. Here we report that the increased virulence observed in the Se-deficient mice is due to mutations in the influenza virus genome, resulting in a more virulent genotype. Most of the mutations occurred in the gene for the M1 matrix protein, an internal protein that is thought to be relatively stable. A total of 29 nucleotide changes were observed in this gene, and all 29 changes were identical in three separate isolates taken from three different Se-deficient mice. In contrast, only one to three mutations were seen in the genes for the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase proteins, surface antigens that are known to be highly variable. Once the mutations have occurred, even hosts with normal nutritional status are susceptible to the newly virulent strain. This work, in conjunction with our earlier work with coxsackievirus, shows that specific nutritional deficiencies can have a profound impact on the genome of RNA viruses. Poor nutritional status in the host may contribute to the emergence of new viral strains. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Nestle Res Ctr, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Beck, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, 535 Burnett Womack,CB 7220, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM melinda_beck@unc.edu NR 18 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1846 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.01-0115fje PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 442AF UT WOS:000169261200033 PM 11481250 ER PT J AU Bloem, S Carpenter, JE AF Bloem, S Carpenter, JE TI Evaluation of population suppression by irradiated Lepidoptera and their progeny SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; COTESIA-PLUTELLAE HYMENOPTERA; ARCHYTAS MARMORATUS DIPTERA; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INHERITED STERILITY; CODLING MOTH; NOCTUIDAE ACCEPTABILITY; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CORN-EARWORM C1 Univ Florida, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST NBCI, NFREC, Monticello, FL 32344 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bloem, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST NBCI, NFREC, Monticello, FL 32344 USA. NR 67 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.2307/3496163 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700001 ER PT J AU Ellis, D McAvoy, R Abu Ayyash, L Flanagan, M Ciomperlik, M AF Ellis, D McAvoy, R Abu Ayyash, L Flanagan, M Ciomperlik, M TI Evaluation of Serangium parcesetosum (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) for biological control of silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae), on poinsettia SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE population dynamics; caged study; predator; prey ID DELPHASTUS-PUSILLUS COLEOPTERA; ENCARSIA-FORMOSA HYMENOPTERA; INUNDATIVE RELEASES; APHELINIDAE; REPRODUCTION; PREDATOR AB Control of silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) on greenhouse poinsettia with biological agents has been unreliable. Serangium parcesetosum m Sicard, a coccinellid predator, appears to have great potential for silverleaf whitefly control. In our study, dynamic changes in B. argentifolii populations on caged poinsettia in response to S. parcesetosum were monitored. Silverleaf whiteflies were introduced to caged poinsettias at 1 or 10 adults per plant and 6 weeks later S. parcesetosum were introduced at 0, 2 or 4 adults per plant. Within 2 weeks of Serangium release whitefly mortality increased dramatically, and for the ensuing 10 weeks whitefly levels remained at or near those observed at time of predator release. Beetle larvae were observed 2 to 10 weeks after Serangium release when prey was initially high but not when prey was initially low. Thus, whitefly control was primarily due to prolonged survival and continuous feeding of individual beetles. Our data suggest that Serangium may work well in a multiple species biological control program for whiteflies on poinsettia. However, further study is needed on multiple species interactions within the host (pest/plant) species, and on release management strategies. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USDA APHIS PPQ, Mission Plant Protect Ctr, Mission, TX 78572 USA. RP Ellis, D (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.2307/3496169 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700007 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Powell, J AF Wang, CL Powell, J TI Survey of termites in the delta experimental forest of Mississippi SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Reticulitermes flavipes; Reticulitermes virginicus; forest; relative abundance ID ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; SIZE AB Termites were surveyed in the Delta Experimental Forest in west central Mississippi in 1998. Logs, branches, and stumps along three 200-m long, 6-m wide transects were investigated at each of the three study plots. Two subterranean termite species in the family Rhinotermitidae, viz., Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks), were recorded. Reticulitermes flavipes was the common species and constituted 81.3% of the termite occurrences. Of the 685 pieces of wood surveyed, 16.5% had termites. The percentage of the two termite species varied among plots. The percentage of wood materials with signs of termite activity or foraging termites present was positively correlated with the diameter of the wood materials (R = 0.85). The chances of a log, branch, or stump being attacked by these termites increases by 1.3% as the diameter of the wood material increases 1 cm. The percentage of dead wood with sign of termite activity ranged from 11.6% to 67.2% among the sampled plots. Termites mere significantly less abundant at Plot 3, which might correspond to a lower elevation and a higher soil moisture. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville Res Quarantine Facil, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stoneville Res Quarantine Facil, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI Wang, Changlu/0000-0003-0214-7236 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 222 EP 226 DI 10.2307/3496170 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700008 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ AF Landolt, PJ TI Moth experience and not plant injury affected female cabbage looper moth (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) orientation to potato plants SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Trichoplusia; attraction; host-finding; learning; kairomone ID FEEDING EXPERIENCE; DAMAGED PLANTS; ATTRACTION; ODOR; COLEOPTERA; BEETLE AB Naive mated female cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni Hubner, responded in a flight tunnel to potted potato plants (Solanum tuberosum). Percentages of moths attracted to uninjured potato plants, mechanically-damaged potato plants, and potato plants treated with regurgitant from larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, were similar, indicating no effect of plant treatment. Attraction of female cabbage looper moths to potato plants was increased following prior contact (experience) by the moth with a potato plant. This increase in responsiveness to potato plants with experienced moths occurred whether the plants were uninjured, mechanically damaged, or treated with Colorado potato beetle larval regurgitant. Moths preconditioned on potato plants treated with regurgitant exhibited similar rates of attraction to mechanically-damaged plants and to regurgitant-treated plants. However, moths preconditioned on mechanically-damaged plants were more responsive to mechanically damaged plants compared to regurgitant-treated plants. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.2307/3496174 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700012 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Forys, EA Rice, KG Wojcik, DP AF Allen, CR Forys, EA Rice, KG Wojcik, DP TI Effects of fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) on hatching turtles and prevalence of fire ants on sea turtle nesting beaches in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; endangered species; fire ant; invasive species; Pseudemys nelsoni; Solenopsis invicta; turtles ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; BEHAVIOR AB Red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) have increasingly been observed in loggerhead (Caretta caretta; L.) and green (Chelonia mydas L.) sea turtle nests in Florida, and in the nests of freshwater turtles. They may be attracted to the disturbance, mucous and moisture associated with turtle nesting and establish foraging tunnels into turtle nests shortly after egg-laying thus increasing the vulnerability of hatchlings to fire ant predation. We conducted experiments on a freshwater turtle (Pseudemys nelsoni Carr) to determine the potential impacts of S. invicta on turtle hatchlings. Over 70% of hatchlings were killed by S. invicta during pipping or shortly after hatching. To determine the extent of S. invicta infestation of sea turtle nesting beaches, we sampled known nesting beaches throughout the state of Florida. Beach surveys indicated that S. invicta are present and often abundant on most beaches and dunes along the Florida coast. C1 Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Eckerd Coll, Dept Environm Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Restorat Ecol Branch, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 13 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 29 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.2307/3496175 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700013 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL AF Meagher, RL TI Trapping fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) adults in traps baited with pheromone and a synthetic floral volatile compound SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE insect behavior; Spodoptera; phenylacetaldehyde; monitoring ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE DEVICES; CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTHS; SEX-PHEROMONE; INSECT PHEROMONES; UPWIND FLIGHT; PHENYLACETALDEHYDE; IDENTIFICATION; REEVALUATION; CAPILLARIES; SUBSTANCES AB Field experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the floral compound phenylacetaldehyde in increasing capture of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, males in pheromone-baited traps. Plastic Unitraps were placed in cotton and corn fields in north-central. Florida and were baited with commercial sex pheromone and synthetic phenylacetaldehyde released from hollow polyethylene stoppers and glass microcapillary pipets. Addition of phenylacetaldehyde as a lure was not effective in collecting more moths and actually reduced numbers of moths captured compared to pheromone-baited traps. Nontarget Hymenoptera were also collected in traps; more Sphecoidea were found in phenylacetaldehyde-baited traps compared to pheromone-baited traps. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.2307/3496181 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700019 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL AF Lapointe, SL TI Effect of temperature on egg development of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 298 EP 299 DI 10.2307/3496183 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700021 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Heath, RR AF Robacker, DC Heath, RR TI Easy-to-handle sticky trap for fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA; CAPTURE C1 USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Kika de la Garza Suptrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Lab, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Kika de la Garza Suptrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 302 EP 304 DI 10.2307/3496185 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700023 ER PT J AU Sourakov, A Mitchell, ER AF Sourakov, A Mitchell, ER TI Effects of cool temperatures on oviposition and development of Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Sourakov, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 308 EP 309 DI 10.2307/3496187 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700025 ER PT J AU Pitts, JP Pitts-Singer, TL AF Pitts, JP Pitts-Singer, TL TI A new host record for Pseudacteon crawfordi (Diptera : Phoridae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FIRE ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Pitts, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 310 EP 310 DI 10.2307/3496188 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451HD UT WOS:000169794700026 ER PT J AU Cloak, OM Duffy, G Sheridan, JJ Blair, IS McDowell, DA AF Cloak, OM Duffy, G Sheridan, JJ Blair, IS McDowell, DA TI A survey on the incidence of Campylobacter spp. and the development of a surface adhesion polymerase chain reaction (SA-PCR) assay for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni in retail meat products SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID DETECTION; IMMUNOFLUORESCENT TECHNIQUE; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; POULTRY; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL; OUTBREAK; CHICKEN; MILK AB A rapid and sensitive method for the detection of Campylobacter in meat products was developed. Campylobacter were isolated from a range of Irish retail meats (n = 80) and poultry (n = 100) samples by direct plating on Campylobacter Selective Agar (CCDA, Oxoid). A total of 30.5% of samples tested positive for Campylobacter and Campylobacter jejuni was the most commonly identified species. The pathogen was defected in 39 (65%) poultry, 12 (60%) offal and 4 (20%) minced beef samples examined: Estimates derived from direct plate counts ranged from log(10) 0.7 to log(10) 2.75 cfu g(-1) The data from this study was used in the development of a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of Campylobacter in poultry. A rapid method was developed based on an initial sample enrichment for 24 h in Campylobacter Enrichment Broth (CEB) recovery of the pathogen from the enriched sample by surface adhesion onto a polycarbonate membrane, phenol:chloroform extraction of DNA from she ad herent bacteria, and PCR analysis using primers specific for the flagellin A gene (present in C, jejuni and C. coli). The developed surface adhesion PCR (SA-PCR) technique had a detection limit of log(10) 4-5 and could be completed within 29h. Results from SA-PCR analysis of a number of retail samples (n=50) correlated favourably with traditional plate culture results, i.e. 34 samples were found to contain Campylobacter by both methods. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. Univ Ulster, Jordanstown BT37 0QB, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Cloak, OM (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI McDowell, David/A-7963-2009 OI McDowell, David/0000-0002-0253-0027 NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1006/fmic.2001.0400 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 443FH UT WOS:000169329800007 ER PT J AU Cain, MD Shelton, MG AF Cain, MD Shelton, MG TI Secondary forest succession following reproduction cutting on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE density; natural regeneration; Pinus echinata; Pinus taeda; Upper Coastal Plain; woody plant diversity ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; PINE-OAK FOREST; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; DISTURBANCES; VEGETATION; MECHANISMS; DYNAMICS; MATURE; STANDS AB To contribute to an understanding of forest management on secondary forest succession, we conducted vegetation surveys in a chronosequence of pine stands ranging in age from 1 to 59 years. Adjacent areas were compared at 1, 7, 12, and 17 years following two reproduction cutting methods (clearcuts or pine seed-tree cuts); a 59-year-old pine stand that was periodically thinned was also included to represent conditions before reproduction cutting. Because average or better natural loblolly and shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) seed crops coincided with the planned site disturbances, pines dominated the seedling-size classes at 1 and 7 years after reproduction cutting, the sapling-size classes at 7, 12, and 17 years after reproduction cutting, and the small- and large-tree size classes at 12, 17, and 59 years after reproduction cutting. For seedling-size classes, three measures of woody plant diversity (Shannon's (Hl), Simpson's (D), and evenness (e) indices) tended to increase from 1 to 12 years after reproduction cutting. In the sapling-size classes, H ' and D diversity indices were highest at 17 years and lowest at 59 years after reproduction cutting. For small-tree size classes, H ', and D were highest at 7 years and lowest at 12 years after reproduction cutting. Across all but the large-tree size classes, woody species richness peaked 7 years after reproduction cutting, Naturally regenerated pines achieved complete crown closure by 17 years after reproduction cutting; consequently, the presence of shade-tolerant woody plants increased in the understory, and shade-intolerant herbaceous plants disappeared from the forest floor. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Cain, MD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 223 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00464-3 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 431NE UT WOS:000168636800018 ER PT J AU Forbes, CL Jahn, LG Araman, PA AF Forbes, CL Jahn, LG Araman, PA TI An investigation of hardwood plywood markets. Part 2. Fixture manufacturers SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DETERMINANT ATTRIBUTES; SUPPLIER ATTRIBUTES; PRODUCT; LUMBER AB This is the second part of a two-part study investigating markets for hardwood plywood. Part I dealt with architectural woodworkers. North American fixture manufacturers were surveyed to better understand the structure and use of wood-based panels in the industry. A questionnaire was mailed to a sample of U. S. and Canadian fixture manufacturers. The sample consisted of members of the National Association of Store Fixture Manufacturers (NASFM). The response rate, adjusted for bad addresses, was 20 percent. The average fixture manufacturer purchased $1.2 million of panel materials in 1997, and $244,000 of hardwood plywood. Of total panel purchases, medium density fiberboard (MDF) represented 28 percent, hardwood plywood (including all substrates covered with a hardwood veneer) represented 20 percent, melamine-coated board was 20 percent, raw particleboard was 15 percent, and high-pressure laminate was I I percent. Of the hardwood plywood purchased, 47 percent was MDF core, 34 percent was particleboard, and 14 percent was veneer core. Sixty-four percent of total hardwood plywood was premium grade, followed by custom (27%), and paint grade (5%). Red oak was the predominant face species used (31%), followed by maple (24%), cherry (11%), birch (10%), and white oak (5%). Fifty-two percent of the faces were constructed of sliced veneer. Over 6 percent of the total hardwood plywood purchases was of pre-finished plywood. This number was expected to increase to 12 percent by the year 2000. The most important hardwood plywood attribute as perceived by fixture manufacturers was absence of delamination of veneers, followed by on-time delivery, orders shipped correctly, and shipment arrives in good condition. C1 New South Inc, Myrtle Beach, SC 29578 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Forbes, CL (reprint author), New South Inc, Myrtle Beach, SC 29578 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 51 IS 6 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 443EZ UT WOS:000169328900007 ER PT J AU Wolf, WR Zainal, H Yager, B AF Wolf, WR Zainal, H Yager, B TI Selenomethionine content of candidate reference materials SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CELLS AB Selenium has been identified as an antioxidant of importance in the diet. Accurate determination of its chemical forms depends on the availability of suitable reference materials (RMs). Two candidate reference materials for determination of selenomethionine (Semet) in food-related materials, a standard wheat gluten sample (NIST RM 8418 Wheat Gluten) and a commercial selenium enriched yeast, have been examined by use of a gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) procedure, after treatment of the matrix with 0.1 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid containing stannous chloride, addition of CNBr, and extraction with chloroform. This procedure results in cleavage of the CH3Se group to form volatile CH3SeCN. Addition of isotopically enriched (74)Semet to an analytical sample enables estimation of the naturally occurring protein-bound (80)Semet by IDMS without a protein-digestion process. We found that the Wheat Gluten RM contains a significant amount of Semet as a portion of its assigned value of 2.58 mug Se-total g(-1). Commercial selenium yeast tablets are labeled as containing an elevated level of "organic selenium", usually as Semet. The sample we investigated contained 210 mug Se-total g(-1) sample as determined separately by IDMS, measuring elemental selenium after digestion. 73% of this total (153 +/- 21 mug Se-Semet g(-1); n = 23) was present as Semet. Thus, these two materials contain significant amounts of their total selenium content as Semet and would be good candidates for further study and characterization as reference materials for determining this important food component. The CNBr reaction used will also enable the determination of Se-(methyl)selenocysteine, the biological role of which is of recent interest. In addition to matrix RMs for Semet, it is important to have standard materials of the pure substance. We have examined a sample of a candidate standard material of selenomethionine being prepared by the USP. It was confirmed that this material is pure selenomethionine. C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 370 IS 2-3 BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s002160100829 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 447AX UT WOS:000169547300036 PM 11451253 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Simpkins, AH Amanna, KR Wolf, W Stewart, KK Clark, S Kim, KP Beecher, GR Holden, J AF Phillips, KM Simpkins, AH Amanna, KR Wolf, W Stewart, KK Clark, S Kim, KP Beecher, GR Holden, J TI Long-term stability of nutrients in a frozen mixed food control material SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRIAL; DELTA AB A mixed food homogenate was prepared as a quality control material for two multi-center clinical feeding trials. Approximately 100 kg of homogenized human diet material was prepared under controlled conditions to maintain the stability of lipid components. More than 4800 20-25 g aliquots were prepared and stored at -60 degreesC in glass jars with Tenon-lined lids. The homogeneity of the composite was validated by analysis of moisture and total fat in aliquots taken throughout the dispensing sequence, A portion of the material was reserved at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and further characterized as SRM 1544-Fatty Acids in Diet Composite. Moisture, protein, ash, total lipid, fatty acids, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were assayed as part of routine quality-control analyses. Components were analyzed over a total time period ranging from 29 months (minerals) to 60 months (moisture), and up to 319 values per nutrient were generated. Results for all components assayed were stable over the time period studied. For example, moisture (n = 319; 60 months) ranged from 70.66 to 72.58 g/100 g with a mean, standard deviation (SD), and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 71.90, 0.27, and 0.4%, respectively. The range, mean, SD, and RSD for cholesterol (mg/100 g; n = 98; 49 months) were 13.54-17.96, 15.14, 0.64, and 4%. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. OI Kim, Keunpyo/0000-0002-7103-924X; Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01-HL-50982, U01-HL-57156, 5-U01-HL-49644] NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 370 IS 2-3 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s002160100785 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 447AX UT WOS:000169547300038 PM 11451255 ER PT J AU Hussain, M Kubiske, ME Connor, KF AF Hussain, M Kubiske, ME Connor, KF TI Germination of CO2-enriched Pinus taeda L. seeds and subsequent seedling growth responses to CO2 enrichment SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Elevated CO2; Pinus taeda; seed germination; seed lipids; seed production ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; N AVAILABILITY; TREES; FIELD; ACCLIMATION; NITROGEN AB 1. Pinus taeda seeds, developed under ambient or elevated (ambient + 200 mul l(-1)) [CO2], were collected from Duke Forest, North Carolina, USA in October 1998. Seeds were germinated in nutrient-deficient soil in either ambient or elevated [CO2] (ambient + 200 mul l(-1)) greenhouse chambers and allowed to grow for 120 days. 2. Seeds that developed in elevated [CO2] had 91 and 265% greater weight and lipid content, respectively, and three times the germination success, compared to those developed in current ambient [CO2]. 3. Seedlings from the elevated [CO2] seed source had significantly greater root length and more needles regardless of greenhouse chamber, but there were no treatment effects on tissue or total biomass. 4. Severely limiting nutrient conditions resulted in significant photosynthetic downregulation by seedlings grown in greenhouse chambers with elevated [CO2], regardless of seed source. 5. Our hypothesis that greater seed reserves from CO2 enrichment would synergistically affect seedling growth responses to elevated [CO2] was not strongly supported. Nonetheless, seeds produced in a CO2-enriched environment may have fundamental changes in their viability, chemistry and germination that may affect reproduction. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Forest Serv, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kubiske, ME (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2001.00521.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 439RR UT WOS:000169131300008 ER PT J AU Small, BC Nonneman, D AF Small, BC Nonneman, D TI Sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding both pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GHRHLP; PACAP; GHRH; tissue expression; channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; PACAP GENE; PRECURSOR; BRAIN; NEUROENDOCRINE; MEMBERS; OVINE; TUMOR AB In nonmammalian vertebrates, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and a putative growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH-like peptide) are encoded by a single mRNA transcript. Both PACAP and GHRH have been implicated in the control of fish growth. Although the gene encoding PACAP and GHRH-like peptide (GHRHLP) has been cloned in other fishes, characterization of this gene in the commercially important channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) has not been previously reported. In this study, the GHRHLP/ PACAP cDNA was cloned from channel catfish hypothalamic tissue and a brain cDNA library. Two cDNA variants of the GHRHLP/PACAP precursor gene were identified as a result of alternative splicing, a long form encoding both PACAP and GHRHLP and a short form encoding only PACAP. Both the long and the short forms of the GHRHLP/PACAP precursor cDNA were identified in channel catfish brain, pituitary, fat, gastrointestinal tract, ovary, testes, and muscle by RT-PCR detection. This study is the first to demonstrate mRNA expression of this gene in fat or skeletal muscle of fish. By characterizing the GHRHLP/PACAP gene and its distribution in channel catfish, we have developed essential tools to investigate the roles of these peptides in the regulation of catfish growth. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 122 IS 3 BP 354 EP 363 DI 10.1006/gcen.2001.7651 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 436TT UT WOS:000168952500014 PM 11356048 ER PT J AU Buckler, ES Thornsberry, JM Kresovich, S AF Buckler, ES Thornsberry, JM Kresovich, S TI Molecular diversity, structure and domestication of grasses SO GENETICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID LOW-COPY DNA; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ADH1 LOCUS; WAXY LOCUS; WILD-RICE; GENUS ZEA; MAIZE; WHEAT; EVOLUTION C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 46 TC 147 Z9 158 U1 5 U2 30 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 0016-6723 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 77 IS 3 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 453ZX UT WOS:000169948900001 PM 11486504 ER PT J AU Waldbieser, GC Bosworth, BG Nonneman, DJ Wolters, WR AF Waldbieser, GC Bosworth, BG Nonneman, DJ Wolters, WR TI A microsatellite-based genetic linkage map for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; BLUE CATFISH; BACKCROSS HYBRIDS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENOME SIZE; I-FURCATUS; SEX; INHERITANCE; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB Microsatellite loci were identified in channel catfish gene sequences or random clones from a small insert genomic DNA library. Outbred populations of channel catfish contained an average of eight alleles per locus and an average heterozygosity of 0.70. A genetic linkage map of the channel catfish genome (N = 29) was constructed from two reference families. A total of 293 microsatellite loci were polymorphic in one or both families, with an average of 171 informative meioses per locus. Nineteen type I loci, 243 type II loci, and one EST were placed in 32 multipoint linkage groups covering 1958 cM. Nine more type II loci were contained in three two-point linkage groups covering 24.5 cM. Twenty-two type II loci remained unlinked. Multipoint linkage groups ranged in size from 11.9 to 110.5 cM with an average intermarker distance of 8.7 cM. Seven microsatellite loci were closely linked with the sex-determining locus. The microsatellite loci and genetic linkage map will increase the efficiency of selective breeding programs for channel catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 57 TC 140 Z9 180 U1 1 U2 8 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2001 VL 158 IS 2 BP 727 EP 734 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 442FY UT WOS:000169275600022 PM 11404336 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Ross, K Gustafson, JP AF Ma, XF Ross, K Gustafson, JP TI Physical mapping of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in homoeologous groups 1 and 3 chromosomes of wheat by in situ hybridization SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE wheat; physical mapping; in situ hybridization ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; GENE-RICH REGIONS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HORDEUM-VULGARE; DELETION LINES; DNA-SEQUENCES; LINKAGE MAP; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION AB Using wheat ditelosomic lines and in situ hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA probes, 18 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were physically located on homoeologous groups 1 and 3 chromosomes of wheat. Most of the markers hybridized to chromosome arms in a physical order concordant with the genetic maps. A majority of the markers studied were clustered in non-C-banded, distal euchromatic areas, indicating the presence of recombination hot spots and cold spots in those regions. However, on 1BS the markers were well dispersed, which could be due to the abundance of heterochromatin throughout the arm. An inversion between Xpsr653 and Xpsr953 was observed on 1AL. One new Xpsr688 locus, approximately 20-26% from the centromere, was found on 1AS and 1BS. The physical location of Xpsr170 on group 3 chromosomes probably represents an alternative to the loci on the genetic map. Finally, Xpsr313 was mapped to two physical loci on 1DL. Five markers were located to bins consistent with the deletion-based physical maps. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1139/gen-44-3-401 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 439TU UT WOS:000169134300013 PM 11444699 ER PT J AU Dangl, GS Mendum, ML Prins, BH Walker, MA Meredith, CP Simon, CJ AF Dangl, GS Mendum, ML Prins, BH Walker, MA Meredith, CP Simon, CJ TI Simple sequence repeat analysis of a clonally propagated species: A tool for managing a grape germplasm collection SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; grape; germplasm; simple sequence repeats; genetic distance ID GENETIC-DISTANCE; WINE GRAPE; LOCI; MICROSATELLITES; MARKERS; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS; PARENTAGE AB The USDA germplasm repositories help to preserve the genetic variability of important crop species by collecting and maintaining representative cultivars and related germplasm. Simple sequence repeat markers with high allelic diversity were used to type 41 grapevines from 40 accessions. All vines were either seedless table grape cultivars or cultivars with names similar to table grape cultivars. The proportion of shared alleles was selected as the most appropriate statistical measure of genetic distance for this population. In conjunction with morphological traits, known synonyms were confirmed and a previously unknown synonym was discovered. An alleged synonym in the literature was disproved by the DNA data. The data were consistent with known parentage, where such data were available. Two mislabeled vines in the USDA collection were identified. UPGMA grouped the cultivars loosely into three groups: a group of nine mostly Middle Eastern cultivars, a group of 22 accessions mostly from Russia and Afghanistan that were morphologically similar to 'Thompson Seedless', and a third very loose group of 11 accessions consisting mostly of eastern European wine grape cultivars. The limitations and usefulness of this type of analysis are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Simon, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 27 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1139/gen-44-3-432 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 439TU UT WOS:000169134300016 PM 11444702 ER PT J AU Miller, J Germanoski, D Waltman, K Tausch, R Chambers, J AF Miller, J Germanoski, D Waltman, K Tausch, R Chambers, J TI Influence of late Holocene hillslope processes and landforms on modern channel dynamics in upland watersheds of central Nevada SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geomorphic response; alluvial deposits; holocene; climate change; slope stability; ecology ID GEOMORPHIC RESPONSE; CLIMATIC CHANGES; RIVER VALLEY; ARIZONA; DESERT; BASIN; FLOOD AB Stratigraphic;, geomorphic, and paleoecological data were collected from upland watersheds in the Great Basin of central Nevada to assess the relationships between late Holocene climate change, hillslope processes and landforms, and modern channel dynamics. These data indicate that a shift to drier, wanner climatic conditions from approximately 2500 to 1300 YPB led to a complex set of geomorphic responses. The initial response was massive hillslope erosion and the simultaneous aggradation of both side-valley alluvial fans and the axial valley system. The Anal response was fan stabilization and axial channel incision as fine-grained sediments were winnowed from the hillslope sediment reservoirs, and sediment yield and runoff processes were altered. The primary geomorphic response to disturbance for approximately the past 1900 years has been channel entrenchment, suggesting that the evolutionary history of hillslopes has produced watersheds that are prone to Incision. The magnitude of the most recent phase of channel entrenchment varies along the valley floor as a function of geomorphic position relative to side-valley alluvial fans. Radial fan profiles suggest. that during fan building, fan deposits temporarily blocked the now of sediment down the main stem of the valley, commonly creating a stepped longitudinal valley profile. Stream reaches located immediately upvalley of these fans are characterized by low gradients and alternating episodes of erosion and deposition. In contrast, reaches coincident with or immediately downstream of the fans exhibit higher gradients and limited valley floor deposition. Thus, modern channel dynamics and associated riparian ecosystems are strongly influenced by landforms created by depositional events that occurred approximately 2000 years ago. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B,V, All rights reserved. C1 Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources Management, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. Lafayette Coll, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Easton, PA 18055 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Geol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Miller, J (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources Management, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 391 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00106-9 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 433RR UT WOS:000168774000011 ER PT J AU Hinkel, KM Paetzold, F Nelson, FE Bockheim, JG AF Hinkel, KM Paetzold, F Nelson, FE Bockheim, JG TI Patterns of soil temperature and moisture in the active layer and upper permafrost at Barrow, Alaska: 1993-1999 SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE active layer; Alaska; frozen ground; soil moisture; soil temperature; soil thermal properties ID NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; TIME-SERIES; REGIME; THICKNESS; TUNDRA; HEAT; THAW; USA AB Soil temperature has been monitored continuously at hourly intervals to a depth of 1 m since 1993 at a site near Barrow, AK. Time series of soil moisture from the active layer and upper permafrost have been collected since 1996 at the same location. These records are supplemented by meteorological data from NOAA's Barrow Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory facility and detailed description of depth-dependent soil properties at the site. Soil sensors are situated within a low-centered ice-wedge polygon characterized by meadow tundra vegetation. A thin (7 cm) organic layer grades into reworked marine silts at depth. The soil temperature and moisture are used in a site-specific, multiyear thermal analysis of the atmosphere/snow/active-layer/permafrost system. Fusion retards soil freezing during early winter as soil water is converted to ice. Soil heat transfer is dominated by conduction in winter. Infiltration of snow meltwater in spring produces a series of thermal pulses in the active layer, causing rapid warming of the upper several decimeters by about 1 degreesC. The thermal impact is limited because the soil tends to be nearly saturated at the time of freezeback. Volumetric soil water content in summer is generally around 35-40% at a depth of 15 cm, while the base of the thawed zone remains saturated near 50%. The near-surface soil exhibits drying from evapotranspiration and rewetting from precipitation events. During the period of thaw, the apparent thermal diffusivity is around 2-3 X 10(-7) m(2) s(-1) and increases with depth to reflect the greater soil water content. The maximum thaw depth at the site is typically around 35 cm. However, end-of-season thaw depth has been monitored near Barrow since 1994 and has increased between 1994 and 1998. This warming trend is also reflected in the thawing degree days calculated for the thawed soil volume. A strong correlation exists between maximum annual thaw depth and annual thawing degree days at this site over the period of record. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hinkel, KM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, ML 131,POB 210141, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 49 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JUN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00096-0 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 450CL UT WOS:000169723900012 ER PT J AU Byers, BA Cunliffe, RN Hudak, AT AF Byers, BA Cunliffe, RN Hudak, AT TI Linking the conservation of culture and nature: A case study of sacred forests in Zimbabwe SO HUMAN ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; forests; religion; sustainable use; wildlife; Zimbabwe ID MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB This paper examines the role of traditional religious beliefs and traditional leaders in conserving remnant patches of a unique type of dry forest in the Zambezi Valley of northern Zimbabwe. We examined aerial photographs spanning more than three decades, interviewed and surveyed local residents and mel with communities to learn about the environmental history of the forests and the factors that have affected land use in the area. Our results show that forest loss is dramatically less in forests that are now considered sacred or were in the past connected to sacred forests. This supports our hypothesis that traditional spiritual values have influenced human behavior affecting the forests, and have played a role in protecting them until now. We also found that rates of forest loss have been much higher in an area where traditional leaders are relatively disempowered within the post-independence political system compared to an area where traditional leaders have move power. These findings lead us to conclude that a strategy that links the conservation of culture and nature is likely to be more effective in conserving forests than a strategy that ignores traditional beliefs, values, and institutions, C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Byers, BA (reprint author), 405 Timber Lane, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. NR 34 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0300-7839 J9 HUM ECOL JI Hum. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 187 EP 218 DI 10.1023/A:1011012014240 PG 32 WC Anthropology; Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 440MN UT WOS:000169179200003 ER PT J AU Kim, JK Min, W Lillehoj, HS Kim, SW Sohn, EJ Song, KD Han, JY AF Kim, JK Min, W Lillehoj, HS Kim, SW Sohn, EJ Song, KD Han, JY TI Generation and characterization of recombinant ScFv antibodies detecting Eimeria acervulina surface antigens SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PHAGE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY; TENELLA INFECTION; VARIABLE DOMAINS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; COCCIDIOSIS; GAMMA; GENE; IMMUNIZATION AB In our previous attempt to generate monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against coccidia parasites that more accurately reflect the natural avian humoral immune response, we produced two chicken B-cell hybridomas, 5D11 and 2-1. While both cell Lines secreted antibodies reactive with sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina, they were produced in yields too low to conduct meaningful in vivo studies, To circumvent this problem, we produced four single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies from the VH and VL genes of hybridomas 5D11 and 2-1. The concentration of these recombinant antibodies expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity was 5-6 mg/L. Three of the antibodies exhibited antigen binding specificity to Eimeria surface antigens equivalent to that of the native MAbs, Nucleotide sequence analysis of the VL genes from hybridomas 5D11 and 2-1 and genomic DNA revealed vestiges of gene conversion with Vh pseudogenes, These recombinant scFv antibodies will prove useful for further characterization of natural Eimeria surface antigens as potential vaccine candidates. C1 USDA, Paraite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Chang Won, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Suwon, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Paraite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1040,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@ANRI.barc.usda.gov OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1554-0014 EI 1557-8348 J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD JUN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1089/027245701750293501 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 451GR UT WOS:000169793400005 PM 11461666 ER PT J AU Spangler, RE Scarnecchia, DL AF Spangler, RE Scarnecchia, DL TI Summer and fall microhabitat utilization of juvenile bull trout and cutthroat trout in a wilderness stream, Idaho SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Salvelinus confluentus; Oncorhynchus clarki; char; trout; fish ecology ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; HABITAT UTILIZATION; STEELHEAD TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; COHO SALMON; BROOK TROUT; SELECTION AB Microhabitat use and availability were evaluated and compared between different size classes of juvenile resident bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in a small wilderness stream within the South Fork Clearwater River basin, Idaho. The objective was to determine if utilization of measured habitat characteristics changed from summer to late fall. Sampling of fish was conducted with night snorkeling. During the summer, smaller juvenile bull trout (< 66 mm) total length (TL) were associated with shallow stream margins over coarse substrates. In the fall, they moved to significantly deeper, lower velocity water, and closer to cover (p <0.05), but maintained their association with coarse substrates. During the summer, larger juvenile bull trout and larger juvenile cutthroat trout (66-130 mm TL) occupied significantly deeper water than smaller juvenile bull trout (p <0.05). Generally, larger juvenile bull trout were found closer to the bottom and in lower velocity water than larger juvenile cutthroat trout (p <0.05). In the fall, larger juvenile bull trout and larger juvenile cutthroat trout were associated with significantly deeper, lower velocity water located closer to cover than in summer (p <0.05). However, cutthroat trout occupied slightly deeper water over finer substrates than bull trout. Deep water with low velocities evidently provide important rearing areas for large bull trout and large cutthroat trout in the fall. Land management practices that maintain such environments will benefit these species. C1 US Forest Serv, Glacier Ranger Dist, Girdwood, AK 99587 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Spangler, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Glacier Ranger Dist, POB 129, Girdwood, AK 99587 USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2001 VL 452 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1023/A:1011988313707 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 472BR UT WOS:000170963800014 ER PT J AU Cooper, CM Testa, S AF Cooper, CM Testa, S TI A quick method of determining rock surface area for quantification of the invertebrate community SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE rock surface area; stone surface area; invertebrate density; field measurement ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; SIMULIIDAE; DIPTERA; ORGANISMS; DENSITY; STREAMS; STONES AB Stone and rock substrates provide important habitat for many types of stream-dwelling invertebrates. Measures of the invertebrate communities inhabiting rock substrates are often an important component of ecological, monitoring and disturbance studies in streams. A major obstacle to researchers examining rock-inhabiting invertebrates is the time and effort expended on currently used methods of determining rock surface area to derive invertebrate densities on these substrates. In an attempt to more efficiently determine invertebrate densities from rock substrates in streams, we tested a direct method of calculating rock surface area from rock weight or displacement volume. This method allows very quick determinations of rock surface area in the field. Surface area estimates made using this technique were highly correlated to those from a widely used and more time-consuming method. Measurements made using this new method should theoretically give better surface area estimates than any other commonly used technique. C1 ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cooper, CM (reprint author), ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2001 VL 452 IS 1-3 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1023/A:1011914624264 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 472BR UT WOS:000170963800020 ER PT J AU Lynn, DE AF Lynn, DE TI Novel techniques to establish new insect cell lines SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE invertebrates; cell-line development; tissue source; cell culture ID LEPIDOPTERA AB The success of insect cell culture is demonstrated by reports of over 500 established cell lines. While established procedures that can be used for developing new cell lines exist, these usually require some fine-tuning for various tissue sources. This paper attempts to depict some of the variations that can be applied. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 6 BP 319 EP 321 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 462XG UT WOS:000170444600002 PM 11515961 ER PT J AU Hakim, RS Baldwin, KM Loeb, M AF Hakim, RS Baldwin, KM Loeb, M TI The role of stem cells in midgut growth and regeneration SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE stem cell; midgut; Lepidoptera; differentiation factors ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; IN-VITRO; LARVAL MIDGUT; DIFFERENTIATION; MOTH; EPITHELIUM AB The Kanduca sexta (L.) [Lepidoptera: Sphingidae] and Heliothis virescens (F.) [Lepidoptera. Noctuidae] midguts consist of a pseudostratified epithelium surrounded by striated muscle and tracheae. This epithelium contains goblet, columnar, and basal Stem cells. The stem cells are critically important in that they are capable of massive proliferation and differentiation. This growth results in a fourfold enlargement of the midgut at each larval molt. The stem cells are also responsible for limited cell replacement during repair. While the characteristics of the stem cell population vary over the course of an instar, stem cells collected early in an instar and those collected late can start in vitro cultures. Cultures of larval stem, goblet, and columnar cells survive in vitro for several mc, through proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells. One of the two polypeptide differentiation factors which have been identified and characterized from the culture medium has now been shown to be present in midgut in vivo. Thus the ability to examine lepidopteran midgut stem cell growth in vitro and in vivo is proving to be effective in determining the basic features of stem cell action and regulation. C1 Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hakim, RS (reprint author), Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat, 520 W St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 6 BP 338 EP 342 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 462XG UT WOS:000170444600005 PM 11515964 ER PT J AU Takeda, M Sakai, T Fujisawa, Y Narita, M Iwabuchi, K Loeb, MJ AF Takeda, M Sakai, T Fujisawa, Y Narita, M Iwabuchi, K Loeb, MJ TI Cockroach midgut peptides that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and death in vitro SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Periplaneta americana; Heliothis virescens; Mamestra brassicae; peptide growth factor; proliferation; differentiation; cell death ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; GYPSY-MOTH; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GROWTH-FACTORS; LEPIDOPTERA; PURIFICATION; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; LOCALIZATION; LINE AB The number of insect midgut cells is maintained homeostatically in vivo and in vitro. However, during starvation, the midgut shrinks and the rate of cell replacement appears to be suppressed. When they undergo metamorphosis, the internal organs of insects are drastically remodeled by cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic processes, and the net number of cells usually increases. An extract of 1650 midguts of Periplaneta americana was fractionated by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain the peptides that regulate these processes. The HPLC fractions were tested for myotropic activity in the foregut and for effects on cell proliferation or loss in primary cultures of larval Heliothis virescens midgut cells and in a cell line derived from the last-instar larval fat body of Mamestra brassicae. Some fractions stimulated midgut stem cell proliferation and differentiation, while others caused loss of differentiated columnar and goblet cells. Other fractions stimulated cell proliferation in the larval fat body cells. C1 Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Suntory Inst Bioorgan Res, Osaka 6188503, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan. USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Takeda, M (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM mtakeda@kobe-u.ac.jp NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 6 BP 343 EP 347 DI 10.1290/1071-2690(2001)037<0343:CMPTRC>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 462XG UT WOS:000170444600006 PM 11515965 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ Martin, PAW Narang, N Hakim, RS Goto, S Takeda, M AF Loeb, MJ Martin, PAW Narang, N Hakim, RS Goto, S Takeda, M TI Control of life, death, and differentiation in cultured midgut cells of the lepidopteran, Heliothis virescens SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE insect; midgut; cell signaling; stem cells; differentiation ID STEM-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VITRO; POLYPEPTIDE; EPITHELIUM; APOPTOSIS; LARVAE; FAMILY AB Differentiated cells in the insect midgut depend on stem cells for renewal. We have immunologically identified Integrin a promotor of cell-cell adhesion that also induces signals mediating proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis on the surfaces of cultured Heliothis virescens midgut cells; clusters of immunostained integrin beta (1)-like material, indicative of activated integrin, were detected on aggregating midgut columnar cells. Growth factor-like peptides (midgut differentiation factors 1 and 2 [MDF] and MDF2]), isolated from conditioned medium containing Manduca sexta midgut cells, may be representative of endogenous midgut signaling molecules. Exposing the cultured midgut cells to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin caused large numbers of mature differentiated cells to die, but the massive cell death simultaneously induced a 150-200% increase in the numbers of midgut stem and differentiating cells. However, after the toxin was washed out, the proportions of cell types returned to near-control levels within 2 d, indicating endogenous control of cell-population dynamics. MDF1 was detected immunologically in larger numbers of Bt-treated columnar cells than controls, confirming its role in inducing the differentiation of rapidly produced stem cells. However, other insect midgut factors regulating increased proliferation, differentiation, as well as inhibition of proliferation and adjustment of the ratio of cell types, remain to be discovered. C1 USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Room 211, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 6 BP 348 EP 352 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 462XG UT WOS:000170444600007 ER PT J AU Goodman, CL El Sayed, GN McIntosh, AH Grasela, JJ Stiles, B AF Goodman, CL El Sayed, GN McIntosh, AH Grasela, JJ Stiles, B TI Establishment and characterization of insect cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; isoenzymes; baculovirus; noctuidae; plutellidae; pyralidae ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; SERUM-FREE MEDIUM; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; BACULOVIRUS ISOLATE; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; ALFALFA LOOPER; REPLICATION; NOCTUIDAE; CULTURE AB Cell lines from selected lepidopteran species were established for the overall purpose of use in baculovirus production. A total of 36 new cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species were generated, including cell lines from a pyralid, the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, a plutellid, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, as well as eight noctuids: the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera, the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. Tissues used for cell line establishment included fat bodies, ovaries, testes, or whole embryos/larvae/pupae. All the cell lines were subcultured numerous times, characterized by isoenzyme analysis and/or deoxyribonucleic acid amplification fingerprinting using polymerase chain reaction, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Many of the cell lines were adapted to grow in serum-free medium, with cell lines from A. ipsilon and H. virescens being adapted to suspension culture using shaker flasks. The potential use for these cell lines in baculovirus production is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. BASF Agro Res, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Goodman, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM goodmanc@missouri.edu NR 28 TC 17 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 6 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1290/1071-2690(2001)037<0367:EACOIC>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 462XG UT WOS:000170444600011 PM 11515970 ER PT J AU Goodman, CL McIntosh, AH El Sayed, GN Grasela, JJ Stiles, B AF Goodman, CL McIntosh, AH El Sayed, GN Grasela, JJ Stiles, B TI Production of selected baculoviruses in newly established lepidopteran cell lines SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE insect; AcMNPV; AfMNPV; AgMNPV; HzSNPV; PxMNPV; SeMNPV ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; ANTICARSIA-GEMMATALIS; HOST-RANGE; PEST-CONTROL; IN-VITRO; REPLICATION; ISOLATE; INFECTIVITY; PLUTELLIDAE; CULTURE AB One key to the in vitro mass production of baculoviruses is the development of insect cell lines capable of producing high levels of extracellular virus (ECV) and/or occlusion bodies (OBs). For this study, 34 newly established cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species were screened for their ability to produce ECV and OBs from a variety of baculoviruses. The selected baculoviruses included: the alfalfa looper virus (AcMNPV); the celery looper virus (AfMNPV); the velvetbean caterpillar virus (AgMNPV) the bollworm virus (HzSNPV, the diamondback moth virus (PxMNPV)., and the beet armyworm virus (SeMNPV). ECV titers were determined using TCID50 assays (50% tissue culture infectivity dose), with the presence or absence of OBs being noted. For AcMNPV, 28 new cell lines were tested, with eight producing AcMNPV ECV titers of 1.1-47.3 X 10(6) TCID50/ml and 11 producing OBs. For AgMNPV, six new cell lines were tested, with all producing AgMNPV ECV titers of 3.5-62.3 X 10(6) TCID50/nA and generating OBs. For HzSNPV. four new cell lines were tested with three lines producing HzSNPV ECV titers of 1.4-5.0 X 10(6) TCID50/ml, but none generating OBs. For PxMNPV. 10 new cell lines were tested with seven generating PxMNPV ECV titers of 4.7-232.6 X 10(6) TCID50/ml and eight producing OBs. Lastly, using qualitative or semiquantitative methods, homologous cell lines were tested for AfMNPV and SeMNPV production, all of which produced OBs. Overall, many of the cell lines tested were found to produce OBs and generate moderate to high levels of ECVs of one or more baculoviruses. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. BASF Agro Res, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Goodman, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 6 BP 374 EP 379 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 462XG UT WOS:000170444600012 ER PT J AU Aguilar, GIS Beshah, E Vengroski, KG Zarlenga, D Jauregui, L Cosio, M Douglass, LW Dubey, JP Lunney, JK AF Aguilar, GIS Beshah, E Vengroski, KG Zarlenga, D Jauregui, L Cosio, M Douglass, LW Dubey, JP Lunney, JK TI Cytokine and lymphocyte profiles in miniature swine after oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts (vol 31, pg 187, 2001) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Biometr Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aguilar, GIS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Room 107,BARC E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 31 IS 8 BP 852 EP 852 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 444WK UT WOS:000169422900016 ER PT J AU Kalfa, VC Palmquist, D Ackermann, MR Brogden, KA AF Kalfa, VC Palmquist, D Ackermann, MR Brogden, KA TI Suppression of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica serovar 1 infection in lambs by intrapulmonary administration of ovine antimicrobial anionic peptide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Article DE anionic peptides; antimicrobial peptides; respiratory infections; Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; PULMONARY SURFACTANT; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIBIOTICS AB In this study, the efficacy of ovine antimicrobial anionic peptide (AP) was assessed in a lamb model of acute pneumonia. A single intratracheal dose of the peptide, H-DDDDDDD-OH (0.5 mg) reduced pulmonary inflammation and the concentration of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica in infected lung tissue. Administration of H-DDDDDDD-OH after infection was more effective in reducing the consolidation and lesion scores at the deposition site than its administration prior to infection. Hence, the in vivo effectiveness of AP suggests that it may have applications in the treatment of pulmonary infections. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and also to determine the optimal doses and intervals of H-DDDDDDD-OH therapy. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Midwest Area, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 6 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1016/S0924-8579(01)00319-3 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 444KF UT WOS:000169398100012 PM 11397622 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Bolonchuk, WW Klevay, LM Milne, DB Sandstead, HH AF Lukaski, HC Bolonchuk, WW Klevay, LM Milne, DB Sandstead, HH TI Interactions among dietary fat, mineral status, and performance of endurance athletes: A case study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE saturated fat; polyunsaturated fat; copper; iron; magnesium; zinc; athletes ID EXERCISE PERFORMANCE; IRON-ABSORPTION; MUSCLE GLYCOGEN; CARBOHYDRATE; METABOLISM; INSULIN; COPPER; RATS AB In a pilot study, performance measures and mineral metabolism were assessed in 3 male endurance cyclists who consumed isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets for 28-day periods in a randomized, crossover design in which dietary carbohydrate, polyunsaturated, or saturated fat contributed about 50% of daily energy intake. Peak aerobic capacity [62 ml/(kg min)] was unaffected by diet. Endurance capacity at 70-75% peak aerobic capacity decreased with the polyunsaturated fat diet. Copper retention tended to be positive only with saturated far. Less iron and zinc were retained (intake - losses), and fecal losses of these minerals increased with the polyunsaturated fat. Blood biochemical measures of trace element nutritional status were unaffected by diet, except serum ferritin, which tended to decrease during consumption of the polyunsaturated fat diet. These preliminary results suggest that diets high in polyunsaturated fat, particularly linoleic acid, impair absorption and utilization of iron and zinc, and possibly magnesium, and may reduce endurance performance. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Hlth Phys Educ 7 Recreat, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1050-1606 J9 INT J SPORT NUTR EXE JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 2 BP 186 EP 198 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 442GT UT WOS:000169277400004 PM 11402252 ER PT J AU Merken, HM Merken, CD Beecher, GR AF Merken, HM Merken, CD Beecher, GR TI Kinetics method for the quantitation of anthocyanidins, flavonols, and flavones in foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanidin; anthocyanin; extraction; flavonoid; flavone; flavonol; HPLC; hydrolysis; kinetics; aglycons ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; FRUIT; IDENTIFICATION; VEGETABLES; HPLC AB Flavonoids are important dietary constituents owing to their health-promoting properties. As a result, simplified analytic techniques are required for the population of databases with food values so that associations between dietary intake and disease risk/incidence can be established. The current research provides a simplified sample preparation procedure for the accurate estimation of food anthocyanidins, flavones, and flavonols as aglycons. Traditionally, flavonoid aglycons have been formed by acidic hydrolysis. However, some flavonoid aglycons are slowly degraded by acid. A procedure has been developed whereby anthocyanidins and flavonols are deglycosylated with HCl in 50% aqueous methanol and the resulting aglycons subsequently quantified by application of pseudo-first-order kinetics to their degradation. Flavones are also deglycosolated under similar conditions but, at appropriate temperatures, their aglycons are stable in acid, so kinetics were not required for the quantitation of this subclass of flavonoids. Catechins and flavanones were rapidly degraded under the hydrolytic conditions used in these studies. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Beecher, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2727 EP 2732 DI 10.1021/jf001266s PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 446WE UT WOS:000169536500007 PM 11409958 ER PT J AU Volz, SA Johnston, JJ Griffin, DL AF Volz, SA Johnston, JJ Griffin, DL TI Solid phase extraction gas chromatography/electron capture detector method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in wildlife whole blood SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solid phase extraction; dieldrin; organochlorine pesticides; capillary gas chromatography; whole blood; plasma ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON RESIDUES; SERUM; PLASMA AB A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of 10 organochlorine pesticides in 0.5 mt of whole blood is described. Sample preparation involved an ethyl ether and hexane extraction, followed by a silica solid phase extraction cleanup. The pesticides are quantified by gas chromatography/electron capture detection. Method limits of detection ranged from 1.1 to 5.2 mug/L. The mean and standard deviation for the recovery of 10 pesticides was 97.9 +/- 5.5%. Recoveries from whole blood were. comparable to recoveries from plasma. This indicates that the preparation of plasma is unnecessary for the quantification of organochlorine pesticides in blood. This approach is particularly useful as a nonlethal approach for monitoring pesticide contamination in small animals for which the volume of blood is limiting. C1 USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volz, SA (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 W La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2741 EP 2745 DI 10.1021/jf001182j PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 446WE UT WOS:000169536500009 PM 11409960 ER PT J AU Rajasekaran, K Stromberg, KD Cary, JW Cleveland, TE AF Rajasekaran, K Stromberg, KD Cary, JW Cleveland, TE TI Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vitro of the synthetic peptide D4E1 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antifungal; antimicrobial; D4E1; disease resistance; phytopathogens; synthetic peptides ID SYRINGAE PV TABACI; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; CECROPIN-B; ENHANCED RESISTANCE; PLANT-PATHOGENS; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; FUNGAL; GENE; ANTIBIOTICS AB Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of a synthetic peptide, D4E1, is documented in this paper. D4E1 inhibited the growth of several fungal phytopathogens belonging to four classes-Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Oomycetes, and two bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum race 18. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of D4E1 required to completely inhibit the growth of all fungi studied ranged from 4.67 to 25 muM. Fungal pathogens highly sensitive to D4E1 include Thielaviopsis basicola, Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium moniliforme, Phytophthora cinnamomi, and Phytophthora parasitica. Comparatively, the least sensitive fungal pathogens were Alternaria alternata, colletotrichum destructivum, and Rhizoctonia solani. The two bacterial pathogens, P. syringae pv. tabaci and X. campestris pv. malvacearum race 18, were most sensitive to D4E1 with MIC values of 2.25 and 1.25 muM, respectively. Microscopic analysis of D4E1 effects on fungal morphology of Aspergillus flavus and R. solani revealed abnormal hyphal growth and discontinuous cytoplasm. After 8 h of exposure to 25 muM D4E1, A. flavus spore germination was reduced by 75%. The suitability of peptide D4E1 to enhance disease resistance in transgenic crop plants is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2799 EP 2803 DI 10.1021/jf010154d PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 446WE UT WOS:000169536500017 PM 11409968 ER PT J AU Ding, CK Chachin, K Ueda, Y Imahori, Y Wang, CY AF Ding, CK Chachin, K Ueda, Y Imahori, Y Wang, CY TI Metabolism of phenolic compounds during loquat fruit development SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phenolic compounds; loquat fruit; chlorogenic acid; neochlorogenic acid; phenolic metabolism ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; MATURATION; CULTIVARS; MATURITY; STORAGE; APPLES; GRAPES; ESTERS AB Phenolic compounds in loquat fruit were identified as 5-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid), neochlorogenic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, 5-p-feruloylquinic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, epicatechin, o-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Neochlorogenic acid was found to be dominant in the early stages of loquat fruit development. Both the concentrations and types of phenolic compounds were high in young fruit but then decreased steadily during growth. However, the concentration of chlorogenic acid increased during ripening and became Predominant in ripe fruit. The large rise in chlorogenic acid concentration appears to be a characteristic of loquat fruit ripening. In all of the cultivars tested, the types of phenolic compounds were similar but the total phenolic content varied from 81.8 to 173.8 mg/100 g of fresh pulp. In the biosynthetic pathway of chlorogenic acid, the enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (CL), and hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (CQT) were high at the early stage of growth, diminished to low levels similar to3 weeks prior to harvest, but then rose to a peak at 1 week before harvest, The changes of these enzyme activities seemed to be associated with variations in chlorogenic acid concentration during development, maturation, and ripening of loquat fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Osaka Prefecture, Coll Agr, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RP Ding, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Bldg 002,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2883 EP 2888 DI 10.1021/jf0101253 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 446WE UT WOS:000169536500031 PM 11409982 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Poling, SM Meredith, FI Bacon, CW Saunders, DS AF Voss, KA Poling, SM Meredith, FI Bacon, CW Saunders, DS TI Fate of fumonisins during the production of fried tortilla chips SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; food processing; nixtamalization; corn; masa; tortilla chips ID HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; CORN-BASED FOODS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CONTAMINATED CORN; B-1; RATS; TOXICITY; CHINA; MYCOTOXINS; STABILITY AB The fate of fumonisin B-1 (FB1), a mycotoxin found in corn, during the commercial manufacture of fried tortilla chips was studied. FB1 and hydrolyzed FB1 (HFB1) concentrations in four lots of corn and in the masa, other intermediates, liquid and waste byproducts, and fried chips were determined by HPLC. FB1 concentrations in the masa and chips were reduced significantly, up to 80% in the fried chips, compared to that in the raw corn. HFB1 was also found in the masa and chips, but at low concentrations compared to FB1. LC-MS analyses corroborated HPLC findings and further showed the presence of partially hydrolyzed FB1 (PHFB1), which, like HFB1, was formed during the nixtamalization (cooking/steeping the corn in alkaline water to make masa) step and found predominantly in the cooking/steeping liquid and solid waste. No significant amounts of N-(carboxymethyl)-FB1 or N-( 1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-FB1, indicative of fumonisin- sugar adduct formation, were found. Thus, FB1 is removed from corn and diverted into liquid and waste byproducts during the commercial production of fried tortilla chips. Nixtamalization and rinsing are the critical steps, whereas grinding, sheeting, baking, and frying the masa had little effect. C1 ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Frito Lay Inc, Dept Food Safety, Plano, TX 75024 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 55 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3120 EP 3126 DI 10.1021/jf001165u PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 446WE UT WOS:000169536500067 PM 11410018 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ AF Hunter, WJ TI Influence of root-applied epibrassinolide and carbenoxolone on the nodulation and growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; hormone; lateral root; nodulation; root nodule; soybean ID EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; BRASSINOSTEROIDS; BRASSINOLIDE; LICORICE; HORMONES; NODULES; POLLEN AB 24-Epibrassinolide belongs to the brassinosteroid family of plant hormones. and carbenoxolone is a synthetic analogue of glycyrrhizic acid that inhibits enzymes important in steroid and prostaglandin action in animals. The effect of these compounds on root nodulation, root growth and shoot growth of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Tracy M was examined. Epibrassinolide reduced total nodulation, plant wet weight, root length., shoot length, first internode length and number of lateral roots. Effects were observed at concentrations as low as 0.1 mum. Carbenoxolone reduced lateral root formation, but did not reduce nodule numbers, root length or weight, nor stem length or weight. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, POB E,301 S Howes St, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD JUN PY 2001 VL 186 IS 4 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1046/j.1439-037x.2001.00466.x PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 479ZE UT WOS:000171433700001 ER PT J AU Phillips, WA Brown, MA Brown, AH Coleman, SW AF Phillips, WA Brown, MA Brown, AH Coleman, SW TI Genotype x environment interactions for postweaning performance in crossbred calves grazing winter wheat pasture or dormant native prairie SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brahman; carcass quality; feedlots; heterosis; maternal effects ID TALL FESCUE PASTURES; BELGIAN BLUE BULLS; CARCASS TRAITS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; BEEF-CATTLE; COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE; DIFFERENT PERIODS; NITROGEN-BALANCE; STEERS AB Data from 403 calves from Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows sired by Polled Hereford bulls were used to evaluate the impact of postweaning backgrounding forages on postweaning BW, gains, and carcass traits. Calves were born (spring of 1991 through 1994) and reared on either endophyte-infected tall fescue or common bermudagrass pastures. After meaning, calves were transported 360 km to the Grazinglands Research Laboratory, west of El Reno, Op, and, within breed and preweaning forage, were assigned to one of the following winter stocker treatments: l)winter wheat pasture or 2) dormant native prairie plus supplemental CP. In March, winter stocker treatments were ended and calves were grazed as a single group on cool-season grasses until early July (1992; 1993, and 1994) or late May (1995), when the feedlot phase began. In the feedlot, calves were fed a high concentrate diet for an average of 120 d until a backfat thickness of > 10 mm was reached. Calves were shipped in truck load lots to Amarillo, TX (350 km), for processing and collection of carcass data. Averaged over calf breed group, calves wintered on wheat pasture gained faster (P < 0.01) during the stocker phase (0.71 vs 0.43 kg); had heavier (P < 0.01) final feedlot weights (535 vs 512 kg); lower feedlot (P < 0.01) ADG (1.37 vs 1.53 kg); heavier (P < 0.01) carcass weights (337 vs 315 kg); larger (P < 0.01) longissimus muscle (84.9 vs 81.8 cm(2)); higher percentage (P < 0.01) of kidney, heart, and pelvic fat (2.32 vs 2.26); and higher (P < 0.01) dressing percentage (62.2 vs 61.3) than calves backgrounded on native prairie. Maternal heterosis for stocker ADG was evident in calves backgrounded on native prairie but not on winter wheat (P 0.10), but the two environments were similar in maternal heterosis for feedlot ADG and carcass traits. Calves wintered on native prairie were restricted in growth and expressed compensatory gain during the feedlot phase but not during the spring stocker phase. Dormant native grasses can be used to winter stocker calves excess to the winter wheat pasture needs, but ownership of these calves would have to be retained through the feedlot phase to realize any advantage of built-in compensatory gain. Finally, these data suggest that expression of maternal heterosis for weight gain is more likely in calves backgrounded on native prairie than in calves grazed on winter wheat. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Phillips, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1370 EP 1377 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 443AD UT WOS:000169316400002 PM 11424671 ER PT J AU Cameron, MR Luo, J Sahlu, T Hart, SP Coleman, SW Goetsch, AL AF Cameron, MR Luo, J Sahlu, T Hart, SP Coleman, SW Goetsch, AL TI Growth and slaughter traits of Boer x Spanish, Boer x Angora, and Spanish goats consuming a concentrate-based diet SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genotypes; goats; growth; slaughter ID CARCASS TRAITS AB The number of Beer crossbred meat goats has been increasing rapidly, although how their growth and slaughter traits compare with those of Spanish goats and influences of maternal genotype have not been thoroughly evaluated. This information would be useful to achieve optimal meat goat production systems and yield of goat products desired by consumers. Therefore, postweaning growth (9 to 24 wk of age) and slaughter traits (212 +/- 5.0 d of age) of Beer x Spanish, Spanish, and Beer x Angora wethers (n = 16, 18, and 18 for growth measures, respectively, and n = 6 per genotype for slaughter traits) consuming a concentrate-based diet were compared. Over the 16-wk performance period, ADG, DMI, and ADG:DMI were greater (P < 0.05) for Beer crossbreds than for Spanish goats (ADG: 154, 117, and 161 g; DMI: 646, 522, and 683 g/d; ADG:DMI: 263, 235, and 261 g/kg for Beer x Spanish, Spanish, and Beer x Angora, respectively). Dressing percentage (46.3, 47.3, and 47.0% of BW; SE = 1.21) and quality grade score (11.17, 9.67, and 11.17 for Beer x Spanish, Spanish, and Beer x Angora, respectively; SE = 0.66 [12 = Choice(+); II = Choice; 10 = Choice(-); 9 = Good(+)]) were similar among genotypes. Weights of some noncarcass components were greater for Beer crossbreds than for Spanish goats, but relative to empty BW, noncarcass component weights were similar among genotypes. Concentrations of moisture, ash, fat, and protein in carcass and noncarcass components did not differ among genotypes. Contributions to the carcass of different primal cuts were similar among genotypes, and there were few differences in concentrations of separated lean, bone, and fat in primal cuts. In conclusion, when consuming a concentrate-based diet, early postweaning growth rate was similar between Beer x Spanish and Beer x Angora wethers and greater for Beer crossbreds than for Spanish wethers. Slaughter traits were primarily related to differences in final BW. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Sahlu, T (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1423 EP 1430 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 443AD UT WOS:000169316400009 PM 11424678 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Sanders, JO Knutson, RE Lunt, DK AF Riley, DG Sanders, JO Knutson, RE Lunt, DK TI Comparison of F-1 Bos indicus x Hereford cows in central Texas: I. Reproductive, maternal, and size traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body weight; calves; crossbreeding; reproductive traits; zebu ID CROSSBRED COWS; BRAHMAN; GROWTH; AGE AB Cows (n = 116) sired by Angus, Gray Brahman, Gir, Indu-Brazil, Nellore, and Red Brahman bulls and from Hereford dams were evaluated (when bred to the same breed of bull) for reproductive performance and cow weight and height and their calves (n = 1,161) were evaluated for birth and weaning weight in central Texas (temperate winters and subtropical summers). Cows were born from 1982 to 1985 and their calves were born from 1985 to 1999. Crossbred cows sired by Angus had a higher (P < 0.10) occurrence of calving difficulty than Gir, Indu-Brazil, Nellore, and Red Brahman crossbred. Calves from Gir crossbreds had lighter (P < 0.10) birth weight (34.8 kg) than calves from Angus and Red Brahman crossbreds (39.4 and 37.2 kg). Calves from Angus crossbreds cows had lighter (P < 0.001) weaning weight (227.0 kg) than calves from Bos indicus crossbreds. Cows sired by Angus were lighter (P < 0.10) as mature cows (520.69 kg) than Gray Brahman, Indu-Brazil, and Red Brahman crossbreds (585.6, 571.9, and 577.6 kg, respectively). They also had smaller (P < 0.05) hip height (124.7 cm) than Bos indicus crossbreds. Mature cows sired by Indu-Brazil had greater (P < 0.05) hip height (138.3 cm) than Gir crossbreds (133.8 cm). Differences among sire breeds were noted within cow age categories (2 through 14 yr of age) for pregnancy rate, calf crop born, calf survival rate las a trait of cow), and calf crop weaned. Angus and Indu-Brazil crossbred cows were lower (P less than or equal to 0.10) than Gir and Nellore crossbreds for pregnancy rate, calf crop born, and(or) calf crop weaned at some, but not all, ages. Indu-Brazil crossbreds had a lower (P less than or equal to 0.10) calf survival rate than most other breed groups at ages 11 to 14 yr. The results of this study indicate that Nellore and Gir crossbreds, but not Indu-Brazil, could perform as well or better than breeds traditionally used in crossbreeding programs of U.S. cow-calf production. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, McGregor, TX 76657 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, STARS, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1431 EP 1438 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 443AD UT WOS:000169316400010 PM 11424679 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Sanders, JO Knutson, RE Lunt, DK AF Riley, DG Sanders, JO Knutson, RE Lunt, DK TI Comparison of F-1 Bos indicus x Hereford cows in central Texas: II. Udder, mouth, longevity, and lifetime productivity SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crossbreeding; longevity; udders; zebu ID MULTIBREED SYNTHETIC GROUPS; PUREBRED HEREFORD; RANGE CONDITIONS; TRAITS; REASONS AB Postpartum udder characteristics, aged mouth condition scores, and cow survival, longevity, and productivity were evaluated for 15 yr on F-1 cows in central Texas (temperate winters and subtropical summers). The cows (n = 116) were progeny of Angus, Gray Brahman, Gir, Indu-Brazil, Nellore, and Red Brahman sires and Hereford dams. Crossbred cows sired by Nellore had smaller (P < 0.05) postpartum teat length than cows of all other crossbred groups and smaller (P < 0.10) postpartum teat diameter than Indu-Brazil and Red Brahman crossbreds. The Nellore crossbred cows had larger (P < 0.10) postpartum udder support scores (more well-supported udders) than Girt Indu-Brazil, and Red Brahman crossbreds. As 14-yr-old cows, Angus crossbreds had lower (P < 0.05) mouth scores (indicative of one or more missing incisors) than Bos indicus crossbreds. Under actual and artificial (records were removed) culling procedures, Nellore crossbreds had the highest cow survival to age 14 and the highest longevity. Indu-Brazil crossbreds tended to be the lowest for both survival and longevity. Curves were fitted by nonlinear regression procedures to the adjusted frequencies of cows remaining at each age; scale and shape parameters were estimated and compared for the different breed groups. Breed group cow survival rates, calf crop weaned, and calf weaning weights were used 1) to construct population projection and production matrices for each breed group and 2) to generate breed group vectors containing projected age distributions and production information. Cows sired by Nellore and Gir were projected to require the fewest purebred cows to generate replacement heifers and to have the most calves and the largest total calf weight sold per year. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, McGregor, TX 76657 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, STARS, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1439 EP 1449 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 443AD UT WOS:000169316400011 PM 11424680 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Holland, M Brazil, BL AF Bosworth, BG Holland, M Brazil, BL TI Evaluation of ultrasound imagery and body shape to predict carcass and fillet yield in farm-raised catfish SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fish; meat yield; prediction; ultrasound ID REAL-TIME ULTRASOUND; LIVE; CATTLE AB Accurate prediction of meat yield in live animals may allow more efficient genetic improvement of meat yield in farm-raised catfish. An initial trial with 30 channel catfish demonstrated significant correlations among weight-adjusted residuals for muscle area measured from transverse ultrasound images and transverse sections at five locations along the trunk musculature (r = 0.30 to 0.70). Relationships of weight-adjusted residuals for three meat yield traits (carcass; whole fillet, and shank fillet) with weight-adjusted residuals for 15 external body shape measurements and five transverse ultrasound; measurements of muscle area were determined for 51 female and 91 male channel x blue catfish backcross hybrids. Compared to males, females had smaller heads; deeper, wider, shorter bodies; larger ultrasound muscle area; and higher meat yield. Correlations between carcass traits and body shape and carcass traits and ultrasound measurements were generally higher for females than for males. Correlations among carcass traits and ultrasound muscle area were typically higher than correlations among carcass traits and external body shape in both sexes. A single ultrasound measurement explained 40 to 50% and 16 to 23% of the variation in meat yield traits of females and males respectively; The best three-variable model using ultrasound and body shape traits explained 48 to 56% and 31 to 38% of the variation in meat yield traits in females and males, respectively. Differences between males and females for the variability in meat yield traits explained by the models may be related to sexual dimorphism for body shape and fillet; yield observed in catfish. Ultrasound has potential for predicting meat yield in live fish, but improved prediction accuracy is needed. Differences in meat yield traits between males and females and among individuals within sexes suggest that selecting for fish with smaller heads and deeper, shorter body shape posterior to the visceral cavity will increase meat yield in catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38732 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38732 USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1490 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 443AD UT WOS:000169316400016 PM 11424685 ER PT J AU Veiseth, E Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Veiseth, E Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M TI Effect of postmortem storage on mu-calpain and m-calpain in ovine skeletal muscle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpains; meat; postmortem changes; tenderizing ID ACTIVATED NEUTRAL PROTEASE; IONIC-STRENGTH; CALCIUM; PROTEINASES; INHIBITOR; CALPASTATIN; PROTEOLYSIS; AUTOLYSIS AB Casein zymography was used to determine the effect of postmortem storage on the proteolytic activity of mu -calpain and mu -calpain in lamb longissimus. Casein zymography assays were conducted on crude muscle extracts (only one centrifugation). Six market weight crossbred lambs were slaughtered and a portion of the longissimus lumborum was removed at death (within 15 min of exsanguination) and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 72, and 360 h postmortem. Muscle samples were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 degreesC. Soluble muscle proteins were extracted from muscle samples and analyzed by in-gel casein assay to measure calpain proteolytic activity. There was a gradual decline in mu -calpain activity (P < 0.05) such that after 24 and 72 h postmortem, mu -calpain had lost 42 and 95% of its activity, respectively. After 360 h postmortem, no mu -calpain activity could be detected (under the conditions used in this study). Autolysis of mu -calpain could be detected as early as 3 h postmortem. It was demonstrated that the detectable level of mu -calpain activity is a function of the amount of muscle protein electrophoresed. Hence, the activity data reported are in relative terms, rather than absolute values. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the activity data also are a function of the assay methods used. Different methods have different lower detection limits. Of the three assays examined, C-14-labeled casein was the most sensitive, then the in-gel casein assay, and the least-sensitive method was the standard casein assay. Unlike mu -calpain, postmortem storage had no effect on mu -calpain (P > 0.05). When the calcium concentration of a muscle extract was increased to the level that induces mu -calpain autolysis, mud-calpain was autolyzed and its autolysis was readily detected by the in-gel casein assay. Collectively, these results demonstrate that calcium concentration in postmortem muscle is only high enough to activate mu -calpain. These results support the widely believed conclusion that mu -calpain-mediated proteolysis of key myofibrillar and cytoskeletal proteins is responsible for postmortem tenderization. Hence, understanding the regulation of mu -calpain in postmortem muscle should be the focus of future studies. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Food Sci, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 24 TC 77 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1502 EP 1508 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 443AD UT WOS:000169316400018 PM 11424687 ER PT J AU Sartin, JL Dyer, C Matteri, R Buxton, D Buonomo, F Shores, M Baker, J Osborne, JA Braden, T Steele, B AF Sartin, JL Dyer, C Matteri, R Buxton, D Buonomo, F Shores, M Baker, J Osborne, JA Braden, T Steele, B TI Effect of intracerebroventricular orexin-B on food intake in sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE appetite; hydrocortisone; hypothalamus; sheep ID GROWTH-HORMONE RELEASE; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROPEPTIDES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; HYPOCRETIN OREXIN; SECRETION; RATS; MODULATION; INJECTION; NEUROENDOCRINE AB Orexin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates feeding behavior in rats. Orexin-B has recently been cloned in pigs and was shown to stimulate food intake after intramuscular injection. This study was designed to determine whether intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intravenous injections of orexin could regulate appetite in sheep. Suffolk wethers were moved to indoor facilities, adapted to diets for 6 wk, and trained to stand in stanchions for 3 to 6 h each day for 2 wk before indwelling ICV cannulas were installed. These sheep were provided water and they consumed feed ad libitum. On the day before an experiment, each sheep was cannulated in a jugular vein. On the day of an experiment, sheep were placed in stanchions and allowed to stand for 1 h before use. Sheep were then monitored over a 2-h control period before i.v. injection with saline or porcine orexin-B (3 mug/kg BW) or ICV injection with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), orexin (0.03, 0.3, or 3 mug/kg BW) or in a second experiment with either orexin B (0.03, 0.3, 3 mug/kg BW), neuropeptide-Y (NPY; 0.3 mug/kg BW), or orexin plus NPY. Food intake was monitored for consecutive 2-h periods. The i.v. injections of orexin did not affect food intake or metabolite or hormone concentrations. In ICV sheep, orexin increased food intake at 2 (P < 0.04) and at 4 h (P < 0.02). Food intake was greatest with the 0.3 mug/kg BW dosage of orexin (P < 0.05). In the first 2 h after injection, orexin had an effect similar to that of NPY (0.23 kg for orexin and 0.2 kg for NPY). The combination of NPY and orexin had a greater effect on food intake (to 0.34 kg) than did either orexin (P < 0.05) or NPY (P < 0.008) alone. Differences were not apparent in the subsequent 2-h interval. No differences were noted in free fatty acid, glucose, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, or insulin concentrations following orexin injection. There was an effect of ICV orexin treatment on plasma cortisol concentrations (P < 0.002). Cortisol was increased by orexin at the 0- to 2-h (P < 0.008) and in the 2- to 4-h (P < 0.009) intervals after orexin injection. These data indicate that central administration of orexin stimulates feed intake in sheep. C1 Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63198 USA. RP Sartin, JL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1573 EP 1577 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 443AD UT WOS:000169316400027 PM 11424696 ER PT J AU Smith, TPL Bennett, GL Tao, N Warren, WA AF Smith, TPL Bennett, GL Tao, N Warren, WA TI Rapid communication: Linkage mapping of seven bovine cDNA SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovidae; chromosome maps; microsatellies C1 Monsanto Corp, St Louis, MO 63198 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1631 EP 1632 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 443AD UT WOS:000169316400033 PM 11424702 ER PT J AU Zolubas, P Gedminas, A Shields, K AF Zolubas, P Gedminas, A Shields, K TI Gypsy moth parasitoids in the declining outbreak in Lithuania SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEP; POPULATIONS; LEPIDOPTERA; AUSTRIA AB A 3 year study was conducted on the parasitoids of gypsy moth larvae in two reducing outbreak areas in Lithuania. Overall parasitism of 25.0 +/- 2.0% in the first pout-culmination year was significantly lower than the 36.3 +/- 1.4 and 35.2 +/- 1.4% parasitism in the two subsequent years. When analysed in terms of the life stage at which the host was collected, the total parasitism over 3 years was constantly increasing from 3.1 +/- 0.8 in the first to 72.5 +/- 2.9% in the sixth instar. Parasetigena silvestris R.-D. dominated causing 48.7 +/- 1.5% parasitism and 16.7 +/- 0.6% larval mortality preferably in late instars. Phobocampe disparis Vier. contributed to 21.9 +/- 1.2% parasitism and 7.5 +/- 0.5%, mortality recovering from early instar larvae. Meteorus pulchricornis Wes. parasitized 4.3 +/- 0.6% gypsy moth larvae causing 1.5 +/- 0.2% mortality and a few Apanteles species provided 7.8 +/- 0.6% parasitism and 1.0 +/- 0.2% mortality. The gypsy moth in Lithuania was reported to act as host for Rogas sp. (Hym. Braconidae) and Siphona boreata Mes. (Dipt., Tachinidae). C1 Lithuanian Forest Inst, LT-4312 Kaunas, Lithuania. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Zolubas, P (reprint author), Lithuanian Forest Inst, Girionys, LT-4312 Kaunas, Lithuania. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 125 IS 5 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 448JM UT WOS:000169623800002 ER PT J AU Hausdorff, JM Nelson, ME Kaliton, D Layne, JE Bernstein, MJ Nuernberger, A Singh, MAF AF Hausdorff, JM Nelson, ME Kaliton, D Layne, JE Bernstein, MJ Nuernberger, A Singh, MAF TI Etiology and modification of gait instability in older adults: a randomized controlled trial of exercise SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE muscle function; aging; plasticity; exercise; dynamics variability ID STRIDE-TO-STRIDE; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; 6-MINUTE WALK TEST; MINI-MENTAL-STATE; COMMON DATA-BASE; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; GRIP STRENGTH; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE AB Increased gait instability is common in older adults, even in the absence of overt disease. The goal of the present study was to quantitatively investigate the factors that contribute to gait instability and its potential reversibility in functionally impaired older adults. We studied 67 older men and women with functional impairment before and after they participated in a randomized placebo-controlled, 6-mo multimodal exercise trial. We found that 1) gait instability is multifactorial; 2) stride time variability is strongly associated with functional status and performance-based measures of function that have previously been shown to predict significant clinical outcomes such as morbidity and nursing home admission; 3) neuropsychological status and health-related quality of life play important, independent roles in gait instability; and 4) improvement in physiological capacity is associated with reduced gait instability. Although the etiology of gait instability in older persons with mild-moderate functional impairment is multifactorial, interventions designed to reduce gait instability may be effective in bringing about a more consistent and more stable walking pattern. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Gerontol Div, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Exercise Physiol Nutr & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, Australia. RP Hausdorff, JM (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Gerontol Div, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR-13622]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-4100, AG-11812, AG-08812]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P01-DK-42618] NR 93 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 90 IS 6 BP 2117 EP 2129 PG 13 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 436WC UT WOS:000168958000015 PM 11356774 ER PT J AU Pu, CT Johnson, MT Forman, DE Hausdorff, JM Roubenoff, R Foldvari, M Fielding, RA Singh, MAF AF Pu, CT Johnson, MT Forman, DE Hausdorff, JM Roubenoff, R Foldvari, M Fielding, RA Singh, MAF TI Randomized trial of progressive resistance training to counteract the myopathy of chronic heart failure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Australian-Society-for-Geriatric-Medicine CY MAY 09, 1999 CL PERTH, AUSTR. SP Ausrt Soc Geriatr Med DE exercise; aging; type I fibers ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE FUNCTION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; EXERCISE PERFORMANCE; HEMODYNAMIC-RESPONSES; SENSITIVE METHOD; CAPACITY; METABOLISM; ENDURANCE; TOLERANCE; PROGRAM AB Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by a skeletal muscle myopathy not optimally addressed by current treatment paradigms or aerobic exercise. Sixteen older women with CHF were compared with 80 age-matched peers without CHF and randomized to progressive resistance training or control stretching exercises for 10 wk. Women with CHF had significantly lower muscle strength (P < 0.0001) but comparable aerobic capacity to women without CHF. Exercise training was well tolerated and resulted in no changes in resting cardiac indexes in CHF patients. Strength improved by an average of 43.4 +/- 8.8% in resistance trainers vs. -1.7 +/- 2.8% in controls (P = 0.001), muscle endurance by 299 +/- 66% vs. 1 +/- 3% (P = 0.001), and 6-min walk distance by 49 +/- 14 m (13%) vs. -3 +/- 19 m (-3%) (P = 0.03). Increases in type I fiber area (9.5 +/- 16%) and citrate synthase activity (35 +/- 21%) in skeletal muscle were independently predictive of improved 6-min walk distance (r(2) = 0.78; P = 0.0024). High-intensity progressive resistance training improves impaired skeletal muscle characteristics and overall exercise performance in older women with CHF. These gains are largely explained by skeletal muscle and not resting cardiac adaptations. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Brockton W Roxbury Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02132 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Boston Univ, Sargeant Coll Hlth Rehabil Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Dept Cardiol, Boston, MA USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Hosp, Gerontol Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. RP Singh, MAF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [UO1-AG-09078, AG-08812] NR 71 TC 137 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 90 IS 6 BP 2341 EP 2350 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 436WC UT WOS:000168958000042 PM 11356801 ER PT J AU Bailey, JS Cox, NA Berrang, ME AF Bailey, JS Cox, NA Berrang, ME TI Bactericidal treatment of hatching eggs III: Effect of organic contaminants on efficacy of egg sanitizers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hatching eggs; Salmonella; sanitizers ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SALMONELLA; MACHINE AB The effectiveness of three sanitizers in killing Salmonella during room temperature storage with and without contaminating feces, egg, or chicken rinse for 48 h was tested. Uncontaminated sanitizers were tested, as were 50-mL solutions of 0.035% polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride (PHMD), 0.39% (1:256) Tektrol, and 1.4% H2O2, which were contaminated with 10 mL of a feces slurry, 10 mL of mixed egg, or 10 mL of chicken rinse. Each container was inoculated with approximately 1,000 cells of S. typhimurium and cultured after 1 and 5 min. After 24 and 48 h of storage, each original container was reinoculated and assayed for the new innoculum at 1 and 5 min postinoculation. Complete eradication of Salmonella was noted after 1 or 5 min exposure to fresh or stored uncontaminated sanitizer solutions. Tektrol became less active against Salmonella when contaminated with egg and stored for 24 h or more. However, feces or chicken rinse did not interfere with the activity of Tektrol. Hydrogen peroxide deteriorated most with storage with chicken feces and to a lesser extent chicken rinse. PHMB lost efficacy when exposed to chicken feces for 24 h or more, but was not affected by the other contaminants. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bailey, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 622RF UT WOS:000179660200004 ER PT J AU Craven, SE Cox, NA Berrang, ME Stern, NJ Cummings, TS AF Craven, SE Cox, NA Berrang, ME Stern, NJ Cummings, TS TI Changes in turkey intestinal tract bacteria associated with dietary change from monensin to bacitracin, virginiamycin, or bambermycin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE clostridia; enterobacteriaceae; growth-promoting antibiotics; lactobacilli; monensin; total aerobic bacteria; total anaerobic bacteria; turkey feed ID FEED-EFFICIENCY; ANTIBIOTICS; WEIGHT; CHICKS AB In a field trial involving commercial turkeys whose feed was changed at 77 d of age from one containing monensin to one containing bacitracin, the intestinal counts for total aerobic bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, lactobacilli, total anaerobic bacteria, and clostridia were similar at flock ages of 28 to 91 d. At 109 to 120 d, the numbers of lactobacilli and clostridia, but not of the other bacterial groups, were higher. In another trial, turkeys were maintained on feed with monensin until the age of 56 d. They were then given feed containing no antimicrobial, monensin as before, or a growth-promoting antibiotic: virginiamycin, bambermycin (Flavomycin), or bacitracin. Bacterial numbers in the intestinal contents of birds killed 1 d before and 1, 3, 7, or 16 d after the change varied with bacterial group, intestinal site, and time after feed change. These changes were transient and not widespread. The numbers for each bacterial group were similar in birds given feed containing the growth-promoting antibiotics. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Pfizer Anim Hlth, Poultry Business Team, White Sulphur Springs, WV 24986 USA. RP Craven, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 622RF UT WOS:000179660200005 ER PT J AU Li, YC Ledoux, DR Veum, TL AF Li, YC Ledoux, DR Veum, TL TI Low phytic acid barley improves performance, bone mineralization, and phosphorus retention in turkey poults SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; phosphorus; low phytic acid; barley; poults ID CORN AB A study was conducted to determine whether P in a low phytic acid mutant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.; MB) containing the lpa 1-1 allele is more available than P in a near-isogenic, wild-type barley (NB). The MB contained 0.21 % non-phytate P (nP) (estimated available P; aP) and 0.35 % total P (tP), whereas NB contained 0.11 % aP and 0.35 % tP. A completely randomized design was used with 150 1-d-old male poults randomly assigned to five treatments (six pens of five poults per treatment) for 21 d. The five treatments were P a NIB diet containing 0.30 % aP, 0.41 % tP, and 1.0 % Ca; 2) a MB diet containing 0.36 % aP, 0.41 % tP, and 1.0 % Ca; 3) a NB diet similar to Diet I but with KH2PO4 added to increase the aP to 0.36 % (0.47 % tP) to match the aP in Diet 2; 4) a NIB diet containing 0.60 % aP, 0.86 % tP, and 1.2 % Ca; and 5) a NB diet containing 0.60 % aP, 0.92 % tP, and 1.20 % Ca. Performance and bone ash were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in poults fed Diet 1 compared with those in poults fed Diet 2. Performance and bone ash were similar (P > 0.05) in poults fed Diets 2 and 3 and in poults fed Diets 4 and 5. Poults fed Diet 1 retained 13.9 % more P than did poults fed Diet 2 (P < 0.05). Poults fed Diets 2 and 4 retained 11.9 and 4.9 % more P than poults fed Diets 3 and 5, respectively (P < 0.05). Poults fed MB diets excreted 41% less P than did poults fed NB diets when barley was the sole source of phytic acid in the diet. Results of the current study indicate that P in MB is more available than P in NB, and decreasing the phytate content did not compromise the nutritional value of MB. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Small Grain Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Agr, Krakow, Poland. RP Ledoux, DR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 178 EP 185 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 622RF UT WOS:000179660200013 ER PT J AU Dickens, JA Ingram, KD AF Dickens, JA Ingram, KD TI Efficacy of an herbal extract, at various concentrations, on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses after simulated chilling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broilers; Campylobacter; chilling; herbal extract; microbiology AB Bacterial contamination of raw processed poultry continues to be of concern to consumers,, as well as regulatory and health officials. For the past 40 yr, scientists have been working on suitable and acceptable decontamination methods to reduce or eliminate spoilage organisms and human enteropathogens from raw processed meat and. poultry products. Protecta Two [1], an herbal extract on a sodium chloride carrier, was evaluated, in a 30-min, 1degreesC, simulated chin for its effectiveness in lowering microbial counts on broiler carcasses. Sampling was performed on plant- run control (PRC) carcasses and carcasses subjected to a 30-min chill (VC) in tap water or a 1 or 0.5% solution of Protecta Two. After treatment, carcasses were subjected to the whole-carcass rinse procedure and were examined for total aerobes, coliforms, Campylobacter, and generic E. coli. Results are reported as mean Log(10) colony-forming units per milliliter of rinse fluid recovered. The water treatment - reduced counts significantly from those of the PRC, and the Protecta II treatments further reduced the counts to the lower limits of detection for the coliforms, Campylobacter, and generic Escherichia coli. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Dickens, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 194 EP 198 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 622RF UT WOS:000179660200015 ER PT J AU Karpen, HE Bukowski, JT Hughes, T Gratton, JP Sessa, WC Gailani, MR AF Karpen, HE Bukowski, JT Hughes, T Gratton, JP Sessa, WC Gailani, MR TI The sonic hedgehog receptor patched associates with caveolin-1 in cholesterol-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMAS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; HUMAN HOMOLOG; PROTEIN; COMPLEX; DOMAIN; RAS; IDENTIFICATION; TRAFFICKING; MUTATIONS AB The hedgehog signaling pathway is involved in early embryonic patterning as well as in cancer; however, little is known about the subcellular localization of the Hedgehog receptor complex of Patched and Smoothened. Since Hh has been found in lipid rafts in Drosophila, we hypothesized that Patched and Smoothened might also be found in these cholesterol-rich microdomains. In this study, we demonstrate that both Smoothened and Patched are in caveolin-1-enriched/raft microdomains. Immunoprecipitation studies show that Patched specifically interacts with caveolin-1, whereas Smoothened does not. Fractionation studies show that Patched and caveolin-1 can be co-isolated from buoyant density fractions that represent caveolae/raft microdomains and that Patched and caveolin-1 co-localize by confocal microscopy, Glutathione S-transferase fusion protein experiments show that the interaction between Patched and caveolin-1 involves the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain and a Patched consensus binding site. Immunocytochemistry data and fractionation studies also show that Patched seems to be required for transport of Smoothened to the membrane. Depletion of plasmalemmal cholesterol influences the distribution of the Hh receptor complex in the caveolin-enriched/raft microdomains. These data suggest that caveolin-1 may be integral for sequestering the Hh receptor complex in these caveolin-enriched microdomains, which act as a scaffold for the interactions with the Hh protein. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Boyer Ctr Mol Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Boyer Ctr Mol Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Boyer Ctr Mol Med, Dept Pharmacol, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. RP Karpen, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St,Suite 10070, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Sessa, William/B-6844-2011 NR 35 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 22 BP 19503 EP 19511 DI 10.1074/jbc.M010832200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 439BM UT WOS:000169091000113 PM 11278759 ER PT J AU Hollister, B Dickens, JC Perez, F Deahl, KL AF Hollister, B Dickens, JC Perez, F Deahl, KL TI Differential neurosensory responses of adult Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, to glycoalkaloids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gustation; taste; feeding deterrent; leaf beetle; potato; receptor neuron; glycoalkaloids; Colorado potato beetle; Chrysomelidae ID SOLANUM-CHACOENSE; LEPTINE GLYCOALKALOIDS; RESISTANCE; DETERRENTS; LARVAE; CHEMOSENSILLA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; ALKALOIDS; MECHANISM AB Neurons from chemosensory hairs on the galeae of adult Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), were investigated for responses to glycoalkaloids of the family Solanaceae. While solanine and tomatine elicited irregular firing by multiple neurons and bursting activity at I mM concentration in most sensory hairs, stimulation with leptine I resulted in consistently high-frequency, slowly adapting responses with a dose-dependent effect between 0.03 and 0.3 mM concentrations. Responses to a mixture of solanine and leptine I suggested possible modification of the leptine I response by other glycoalkaloids, resulting in reduced neural activity relative to leptine I alone. These results establish a method for specifically evaluating leptine I and other glycoalkaloids for effects on feeding behavior of CPB and provide a sensory component for incorporating deterrent chemistry into biorational control methods for the CPB. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab,BARC W, Bldg 010A,Rm 240, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1118 DI 10.1023/A:1010307827348 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457JF UT WOS:000170133100004 PM 11504017 ER PT J AU Gries, G Schaefer, PW Gries, R Liska, J Gotoh, T AF Gries, G Schaefer, PW Gries, R Liska, J Gotoh, T TI Reproductive character displacement in Lymantria monacha from northern Japan? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria monacha; Lymantria fumida; Lymantria dispar; diel periodicity; interspecific competition; reproductive character displacement; strain; (7R, 8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane; (+)-disparlure; (7R, 8S)cis-7,8-epoxy-octadecane; (+)-monachalure; 2-methyl-(Z)-7-octadecene; (Z)-7-octadecene ID CHORISTONEURA-ROSACEANA LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; GYPSY-MOTH; NUN MOTH; TORTRICIDAE; COMMUNICATION; SPECIFICITY; LEAFROLLER AB Our objective was to test the hypothesis that the pheromone blend and/or diel periodicity of pheromonal communication differ in populations of the nun moth, Lymantria monacha (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), from eastern Asia (northern Honshu, Japan) and Central Europe (Bohemia, Czech Republic). Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of pheromone gland extract of female L monacha from Japan confirmed the presence of compounds previously identified in pheromone extracts of L. monacha from Bohemia, as follows: (Z)-7-octadecene, 2-methyl-(Z)-7-octadecene (2me-Z7-18Hy), cis-7,8-epoxy-octadecane (monachalure), and cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (disparlure). Field experiments in Honshu suggested that (+)-monachalure is the major pheromone component of L. monacha. 2me-Z7-18Hy significantly enhanced attractiveness of (+)-monachalure. Addition of (+)-disparlure to (+)-monachalure plus 2me-Z7-18Hy in Honshu and Bohemia increased attractiveness of lures by 1.2 and 20 times, respectively, indicating that (+)-disparlure is of least and most significance in the respective L monacha populations. Moreover, capture of male L. monacha in pheromone-baited traps between 18:00 and 24:00 hr in Bohemia and 2:00 and 5:00 hr in Honshu revealed a markedly different diel periodicity of pheromonal communication. Pheromonal communication late at night and use of (+)-monachalure, rather than (+)-disparlure, as the major pheromone component by L. monacha in Honshu may have resulted from interspecific competition with coseasonal L. fumida, which uses the early night for pheromonal communication and (+)-disparlure as major pheromone component. Whether communication channel divergence of L. monacha in Honshu indeed constitutes a case of reproductive character displacement is difficult to prove. The evolution of such divergence in sympatric populations of L. fumida and L. monacha would have to be demonstrated. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. VULHM, Forestry & Game Management Res Inst, CZ-15604 Prague, Czech Republic. Tohoku Res Ctr, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Morioka, Iwate 02001, Japan. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1163 EP 1176 DI 10.1023/A:1010316029165 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457JF UT WOS:000170133100008 PM 11504021 ER PT J AU Chamarthy, S Seo, CW Marshall, WE AF Chamarthy, S Seo, CW Marshall, WE TI Adsorption of selected toxic metals by modified peanut shells SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peanut shells; citric acid; phosphoric acid; metal ions; adsorbents ID INDUSTRY WASTE-WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HULL CARBON; REMOVAL; CADMIUM AB The objective of this study was to modify peanut shells to enhance their adsorptive properties toward the metal ions cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), lead (Pb2+) and zinc (Zn2+). Milled peanut shells were initially washed with water or 0.1N NaOH or left unwashed. Following these treatments or lack of treatment, the shells were either left unmodified or modified by a heat treatment in the presence of either 1.0M phosphoric acid or 0.6M citric acid. Modified peanut shells were evaluated either for adsorption efficiency or for adsorption capacity using the five metal ions listed above. Adsorption efficiencies and capacities were compared with efficiencies and/or capacities for the commercial chelating or cation exchange resins Amberlite 200, Amberlite IRC-718, Duolite GT-73, and carboxymethylcellulose. For the adsorption efficiencies of individual metal ions, modified peanut shells met or exceeded the adsorption values for cadmium, copper, nickel or zinc ions compared with the commercial resins Duolite GT-73 and carboxymethylcellulose. In a solution containing all five metal ions, modified peanut shells met or exceeded the adsorption efficiencies for cadmium, copper and lead ions compared with Duolite GT-73, Amberlite IRC-718 and carboxymethylcellulose. Adsorption capacities of modified peanut shells met or exceeded the adsorption capacity of Duolite GT-73 for lead ions only. Citric or phosphoric acid-modified peanut shells showed a preference for Cu2+ and Pb2+ and appear promising as potentially inexpensive adsorbents for selected metal ions. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 N Carolina A&T State Univ, Dept Human Environm & Family Sci, Food & Nutr Lab, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Seo, CW (reprint author), N Carolina A&T State Univ, Dept Human Environm & Family Sci, Food & Nutr Lab, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. NR 16 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 76 IS 6 BP 593 EP 597 DI 10.1002/jctb.418.abs PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 439VC UT WOS:000169137400008 ER PT J AU Jauregui, LH Higgins, J Zarlenga, D Dubey, JP Lunney, JK AF Jauregui, LH Higgins, J Zarlenga, D Dubey, JP Lunney, JK TI Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in pig and mouse tissues SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; HYBRIDIZATION; SENSITIVITY; PARASITES; NEOSPORA; OOCYSTS; CULTURE AB A highly sensitive and specific method has been developed to reproducibly detect and quantitate Toxoplasma gondii burden in animal tissue samples using T. gondii ITS1-derived primers and a fluorogenic probe via real-time PCR. Assay specificity was confirmed against a panel of DNA samples from T. gondii and other common protozoa as well as host animal tissue. This Toxo TaqMan assay was able to detect as little as 0.1 pg of T. gondii genomic DNA, which is equivalent to 1 T. gondii bradyzoite, and has a dynamic range of detection of from 100 ng to 100 fg of T. gondii DNA. Tissues from experimentally infected mice and pigs as well as bradyzoite-spiked pig muscle samples were used to test and standardize this technique. Positive signals were obtained with T. gondii parasite concentrations ranging from 4 to 3.7 x 10(5) parasites per g of spiked pig tissue, with excellent linearity (R-2 = 0.9776). All T. gondii-infected animals were correctly identified by this technique. Results indicate that this assay is applicable to swine carcasses and commercial pig products, is compatible,vith automation technology for potential slaughterhouse use, and will enable scientists to diagnose and quantitate T. gondii in animal tissues. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, ANRI, USDA, Bldg 1040,Rm 105, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 68 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2065 EP 2071 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2065-2071.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 439ED UT WOS:000169097100005 PM 11376036 ER PT J AU Mitchell, PD Riedell, WE AF Mitchell, PD Riedell, WE TI Stochastic dynamic population model for northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; corn rootworm; adult mortality; dispersal; larval survival ID DIABROTICA-BARBERI COLEOPTERA; HOST PLANT PHENOLOGY; SIMULATION-MODEL; TEMPERATURE; OVIPOSITION; EMERGENCE AB A stochastic dynamic population model for the complete life cycle of northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Laurence, is described. Adult population dynamics from emergence to oviposition are based on a published single-season model for which temperature-dependent development and age-dependent advancement determine adult population dynamics and oviposition. Randomly generated daily temperatures make this model component stochastic. Stochastic hatch is 50 +/- 8%. A stochastic nonlinear density-dependent larval survival model is estimated using field data from artificial infestation experiments. A regional model of corn phenology is estimated to incorporate the effect of dispersal on adult mortality. Random daily weather is generated using parameters for Brookings, SD. Model performance is evaluated with deterministic simulations, which show that the population converges to zero unless adult mortality is reduced by the availability of corn pollen from the regional model of corn phenology. Stochastic model performance is evaluated with stochastic daily weather, egg hatch, and larval survival in Various combinations. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate model responsiveness to each parameter. Model results are generally consistent with published data. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, NPA, No Grains Insect Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Mitchell, PD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 94 IS 3 BP 599 EP 608 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.3.599 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 441MT UT WOS:000169234700001 PM 11425012 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Lees, EM AF Lee, SE Lees, EM TI Biochemical mechanisms of resistance in strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera : Silvanidae) resistant to malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oryzaephilus surinamensis; resistance; organophosphate insecticides; cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase; carboxylesterase ID GRAIN BEETLE COLEOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBLE HOUSE-FLIES; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS-RESISTANT; PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL; ESTERASE-ACTIVITY; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FENITROTHION; METABOLISM AB The acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and cytochrome p350 monooxygenase activities of three strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) were examined to better understand biochemical mechanisms of resistance. The three strains were VOS49 and VOSCM, selected for resistance to malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl, respectively, and VOS48, a standard susceptible strain. Cross-resistance to malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl was confirmed in VOS49 and VOSCM. Acetylcholinesterase activity was not correlated to resistance among these strains. VOS-49 and VOSCM showed elevated levels of carboxylesterase activity based on p-nitrophenylacetate, alpha -naphthyl acetate, or beta -naphthyl acetate substrates. PAGE zymograms showed major differences in caboxylesterase isozyme banding among strains. VOSCM had one strongly staining isozyme band. A band having the same Rf-value was very faint in VOS48. The VOS49 carboxylesterase banding pattern was different from both VOSCM and VOS48. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity was based on cytochrome P450 content, aldrin epoxidase activity, and oxidation of organophosphate insecticides, all elevated in resistant strains. The monooxygenase activity varied with insecticide substrate and resistant strain, suggesting specific cytochromes P450 may exist for different insecticides. The monooxygenase activity of the VOS49 strain was much higher with malathion than chlorpyrifos-methyl as substrates, whereas VOSCM monooxygenase activity was higher with malathion than chlorpyrifos-methyl as substrates. Results are discussed in the context of resistance mechanisms to organophosphate insecticides in O. surinamensis. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Sydney, Dept Agr Chem & Soil Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 94 IS 3 BP 706 EP 713 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.3.706 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 441MT UT WOS:000169234700016 PM 11425027 ER PT J AU Pruett, JH Kammlah, DM Guerrero, FD AF Pruett, JH Kammlah, DM Guerrero, FD TI Variation in general esterase activity within a population of Haematobia irritans (Diptera : Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hematobia irritans irritans; insecticide resistance; esterase ID HORN FLIES DIPTERA; MYZUS-PERSICAE SULZER; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PYRETHROID-RESISTANT; FLY DIPTERA; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; PERMETHRIN; CARBOXYLESTERASE; METABOLISM; DIAZINON AB Control of the horn ny, Hematobia irritans (L.), is generally dependent on chemical insecticides. However, the biology and behavior of the horn ny favors rapid development of insecticide resistance. To prolong the effectiveness of the insecticide option. information is required regarding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Metabolic hydrolysis of insecticides by esterases is a detoxification mechanism in many insect species. Measurement of general esterase activity within populations of horn flies may provide a diagnostic tool for resistance management. In this study. we evaluated the amount of variation in general esterase activity within female and male horn fly samples from a population that had not been exposed to insecticides for 8 yr. We found considerable variation in general esterase activity within samples of each sex, with females demonstrating the greater variation. The observed variation is thought to be the result of age-structure dynamics within the population. The amount of inherent variation makes it difficult to detect small mean differences between populations, thus limiting the utility of general esterase assays. Thus, effective diagnosis of esterase-mediated resistance mechanisms can only be achieved by the identification of specific detoxification esterases and the design of assays, either biochemical or molecular, for their detection and measurement. C1 USDA ARS, SPA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Pruett, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 94 IS 3 BP 714 EP 718 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.3.714 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 441MT UT WOS:000169234700017 PM 11425028 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Strazanac, J Butler, L AF Wang, CL Strazanac, J Butler, L TI A comparison of pitfall traps with bait traps for studying leaf litter ant communities SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ants; Formicidae; pitfall traps; bait traps; forest ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; FORESTS AB A comparison of pitfall traps with bait traps for sampling leaf litter ants was studied in oak-dominated mixed forests during 1995-1997. A total of 31,732 ants were collected from pitfall traps and 54,694 ants were collected from bait traps. They belonged to four. subfamilies, 17 genera, and 32 species. Bait traps caught 29 species, whereas pitfall traps caught 31 species. Bait traps attracted one species not found in pitfall traps, but missed three of the species collected with pitfall traps. Collections from the two sampling methods showed differences in species richness, relative abundance, diversity, and species accumulation curves. Pitfall traps caught significantly more ant species per plot than did bait traps. The ant species diversity obtained from pitfall traps was higher than that from bait traps. Bait traps took a much longer time to complete an estimate of species richness than did pitfall traps. Little information was added to pitfall trapping results by the bait trapping method. The results suggested that the pitfall trapping method is superior to the bait trapping method for leaf litter ant studies. Species accumulation curves showed that sampling of 2,192 +/- 532 ants from six plots by pitfall traps provided a good estimation of ant species richness under the conditions of this study. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stoneville Res Quarantine Facil, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI Wang, Changlu/0000-0003-0214-7236 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 30 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 94 IS 3 BP 761 EP 765 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.3.761 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 441MT UT WOS:000169234700023 PM 11425034 ER PT J AU Campbell, JB Skoda, SR Berkebile, DR Boxler, DJ Thomas, GD Adams, DC Davis, R AF Campbell, JB Skoda, SR Berkebile, DR Boxler, DJ Thomas, GD Adams, DC Davis, R TI Effects of stable flies (Diptera : Muscidae) on weight gains of grazing yearling cattle SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stomoxys calcitrans; stable flies; cattle; grazing cattle weight gains ID FEED-EFFICIENCY; HEAT-STRESS AB Differences in weight gains caused by stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), on sating yearling steer/calves averaged 0.2 kg per steer in a 3-yr study on canyon range pastures in West Central Nebraska. Stable ny numbers averaged 0.85 per front leg on treated calves and 3.61 per front leg on control calves. In 2 of the 3 yr after the grazing trials were completed, the calves were placed in a feedlot and fed a finishing ration. Compensatory gain did not occur in the feedlot after the stable ny stress was removed. C1 Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Lab, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Campbell, JB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Route 4,Box 46A, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. NR 13 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 94 IS 3 BP 780 EP 783 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.3.780 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 441MT UT WOS:000169234700026 PM 11425037 ER PT J AU Hall, K McCluskey, BJ Cunningham, W AF Hall, K McCluskey, BJ Cunningham, W TI Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections (pigeon fever) in horses in western Colorado: An epidemiological investigation SO JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Following reports of an increase in the number of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections in horses in the western counties of Colorado in 1997, an epidemiological assessment of the problem was conducted using a survey of premises with affected horses. No gender, age or breed predilections were found. Most diagnoses of disease were made in the summer or fall of 1997. Abscesses were reported to occur in various locations with a mean healing time of 77 days. A majority of premises owners reported potential contact of horses with sheep or goats. The days of lost use and treatment costs per case had a mean of 13 days and $139, respectively. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado Dept Agr, Anim Hlth Ind Div, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. RP Hall, K (reprint author), 10562 Cedar Run Court, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILLIAM E JONES DVM PI WILDOMAR PA 20225 GRAND AVE, WILDOMAR, CA 92595 USA SN 0737-0806 J9 J EQUINE VET SCI JI J. Equine Vet. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 6 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0737-0806(01)70058-5 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 454BP UT WOS:000169952800009 ER PT J AU Kostecke, RM Linz, GM Bleier, WJ AF Kostecke, RM Linz, GM Bleier, WJ TI Survival of avian carcasses and photographic evidence of predators and scavengers SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SONGBIRD CARCASSES; BIRDS AB Scavenging of carcasses may bias estimates of mor talin following the use of pesticides. To assess carcass survival, we monitored bird carcasses in crop stubble, grassland, roadside, and wooded habitats in east-central South Dakota in earl! spring. Survival rates differed among habitat types in 1997 but not in 1998. Survival rates did nor differ among species of carcass in 1997 or 1998. Within 5 d, 66% of carcasses had been scavenged in both 1997 and 1998. To assess potential hazards of secondary poisoning, we used infrared-triggered camera systems to identify predators and scavengers of live birds and bird carcasses. Mammals (n = 164), particularly striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) (n = 105), were the most commonly photographed predator and scavengers. The number of avian predators and scavengers photographed (n = 39) was relatively low. Because scavenger activity call be high, we recommend that searches for carcasses should be conducted within 24 h of pesticide application to ensure accurate estimates of mortality. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Zool, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Great Plains Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Kostecke, RM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 14 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 72 IS 3 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 455VP UT WOS:000170048700013 ER PT J AU Anderson, E Perloff, B Ahuja, JKC Raper, N AF Anderson, E Perloff, B Ahuja, JKC Raper, N TI Tracking nutrient changes for trends analysis in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUL 27-29, 2000 CL ST PAUL, MINNESOTA SP Univ Minnesota, Nutrit Coordinating Ctr DE nutrient database; food and nutrient consumption; trends analysis; database updates; data improvements; food changes AB Knowledge of food and nutrient consumption patterns over time is important to various types of research related to the health and well-being of the population. To ensure that food consumption trend analyses are meaningful, food databases must be updated frequently to incorporate the latest information. Systems should also be in place to categorize and track the types of changes that occur as food databases are updated. The Food Surveys Research Group at USDA has implemented a Survey Nutrient Database for Trends Analysis for use with food consumption surveys in the United States. Within this system, items may be added, or existing items may be revised. "Data Improvements", such as new nutrient values representing improved analytical methods. replace existing values and may be applied retroactively to previous nutrient analyses. Revisions classified as actual "Food Changes" are inserted into the database, with older values remaining to represent the food items as they previously existed. Dates accompany each database value to indicate the time period for which it is valid. Since 1985, over 30 000 revisions have been made to the database nutrient values, Package sizes, portion weights, food names, and recipes used for nutrient calculations are also tracked within the system. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Foods Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Perloff, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Foods Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1006/jfca.2001.0993 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 473XP UT WOS:000171074700009 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Pilizota, V Sapers, GM AF Ukuku, DO Pilizota, V Sapers, GM TI Bioluminescence ATP assay for estimating total plate counts of surface microflora of whole cantaloupe and determining efficacy of washing treatments SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FRESH PRODUCE; SANITIZERS; BACTERIA AB The surface microflora of cantaloupes were estimated using a bioluminescence ATP assay, and results were compared to plate count data. Cantaloupes were treated as follows: (i) water washed, or (ii) washed in solutions of sodium hypochlorite (1,000 mg/liter) or hydrogen peroxide (5%) for 5 min. Bioluminescence ATP assay results showed differences in ATP level/cm(2) of cantaloupes dipped in chlorine or hydrogen peroxide solution; ATP levels in these washed samples were lower than in controls due to antimicrobial action of the treatments on the cantaloupe surface. Linear correlations were found between the bioluminescence ATP assay and aerobic plate counts of unwashed cantaloupe (r(2) = 0.995) and those washed with water (r(2) = 0.990) determined before storage. Lower correlations between the bioluminescence ATP assay and the aerobic plate counts were observed on cantaloupes stored for 120 h at 20 degreesC (r(2) = 0.751) than at 4 degreesC (r(2) = 0.980) without washing treatment. Lower correlation at 20 degreesC may be the result of clusters or growth that occurred in chains. ATP levels of washed cantaloupes correlated well with bacterial plate counts (r(2) = 0.999). A reliable minimum detectable threshold using the bioluminescence ATP assay was established at 3 log(10) fg/cm(2) corresponding to 4 log(10) CFU/cm(2). Bioluminescence ATP assay is not recommended for washed samples where the microbial load is near or below the threshold. Therefore, the bioluminescence ATP assay will be recommended for quick estimation of total microbial load on cantaloupe surfaces where the population is expected to exceed this threshold. The assay can save the industry time by eliminating the required incubation required by the conventional methods. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 BP 813 EP 819 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 439XK UT WOS:000169142700010 PM 11403131 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Holt, PS TI Multiplication in egg yolk and survival in egg albumen of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis strains of phage types 4, 8, 13a, and 14b SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; CONTAMINATED EGGS; SHELL EGGS; GROWTH; LAID AB Refrigeration of eggs is vital for restricting the multiplication of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis contaminants, but differences between Salmonella Enteritidis strains or phage types in their survival and multiplication patterns in egg contents might influence the effectiveness of refrigeration standards. The present study compared the abilities of 12 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates of four phage types (4, 8, 13a, and 14b) to multiply rapidly in egg yolk and to survive for several days in egg albumen. The multiplication of very small numbers of Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated into yolk (approximately 10(1) CFU/ml) was monitored during 24 h of incubation at 25 degreesC, and the survival of much larger numbers of Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated into albumen (approximately 10(5) CFU/ml) was similarly evaluated during the first 3 days of incubation at the same temperature. In yolk, the inoculated Salmonella Enteritidis strains multiplied to mean levels of approximately 10(3) CFU/ml after 6 h of incubation and 10(8) CFU/ml after 24 h. In albumen, mean levels of approximately 10(4) CFU/ml or more of Salmonella Enteritidis were maintained through 72 h. Although a few differences in multiplication and survival were observed between individual isolates, the overall range of values was relatively narrow, and no significant differences (P < 0.05) were evident among phage types. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 BP 865 EP 868 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 439XK UT WOS:000169142700019 PM 11403140 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA AF Niemira, BA TI Citrus juice composition does not influence radiation sensitivity of Salmonella Enteritidis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INACTIVATION; TYPHIMURIUM; PATHOGENS; OUTBREAK; SURVIVAL; MEAT AB Food substrate chemistry is known to influence radiation sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria. The sensitivity of a citrus juice outbreak strain of Salmonella Enteritidis to gamma radiation was determined in five commercial orange juice formulations. The juices differed in pH (3.87 to 4.13), calcium concentration (2.1 versus 36.9 mM), juice composition (orange versus orange tangerine blend), and antioxidant power (11,751 to 12,826 muM ferric reducing-antioxidant power units). The D, (dose required to achieve 90% destruction) varied only slightly (0.35 to 0.37 kGy), with no significant (P < 0.05) differences among any of the suspending juices. These results indicate that Salmonella Enteritidis sensitivity to gamma radiation is not strongly influenced by the composition of formulated commercial orange juices. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 BP 869 EP 872 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 439XK UT WOS:000169142700020 PM 11403141 ER PT J AU Bett, KL Ingram, DA Grimm, CC Lloyd, SW Spanier, AM Miller, JM Gross, KC Baldwin, EA Vinyard, BT AF Bett, KL Ingram, DA Grimm, CC Lloyd, SW Spanier, AM Miller, JM Gross, KC Baldwin, EA Vinyard, BT TI Flavor of fresh-cut Gala apples in barrier film packaging as affected by storage time SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; VOLATILE PRODUCTION; DELICIOUS APPLE; FRUIT; CULTIVARS; AROMA AB Our objective was to determine flavor quality changes, and measure changes in key volatile compounds, sugars and acidity, in fresh-cut Gala apples packaged in film to control the atmosphere during distribution. Gala apples were washed, cored, sliced, dipped in a browning inhibitor and packaged in a barrier film. After 0, 5, 9, 12 and 14 days at 1C, the apple slices were evaluated for descriptive flavor attributes, gas chromatographic volatiles, sugars, pH and titratable acidity. Flavor attributes, sweet aromatic favor and sweet taste had a maximum intensity between 5 and 9 days. Sugars remained constant. Results suggest that perceived flavor intensity increased the first few days after preparation and packaging, then dissipated. Compounds that decreased during storage were farnescene, hexyl hexanoate, 2-methyl-butyl hexanoate; hexyl 2-methyl butanoate and hexyl butanoate decreased until 10 days, then started to increase. Hexyl acetate and hexane increased during storage. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Bett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 24 IS 2 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2001.tb00597.x PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 445EH UT WOS:000169444800004 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Novak, JS Eblen, BS McClane, BA AF Juneja, VK Novak, JS Eblen, BS McClane, BA TI Heat resistance of Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells as affected by prior heat shock SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL INACTIVATION; SPORES; PATHOGENS; VEHICLES; PROTEINS; MEMBRANE AB This study quantified the heat resistance and the effects of a heat shock on the subsequent heat resistance of 10 strains of Clostridium perfringens. Beef gravy samples inoculated with vegetative cells of the pathogen were subjected to sublethal heating at 48C for 10 min, and then heated to a final temperature of 58C using a submerged-coil heating apparatus. Heat-treated samples were spiral plated on Shahidi-Ferguson Perfringens agar to determine surviving bacterial population. No correlation between the heat resistance and the origin of the C. perfringens could be established due to significant variations in the hear resistance among strains. inactivation kinetics of both heat-shocked and nonheat-shocked samples exhibited log-linear decline in the number of surviving cells with time. D-values at 58C for C. perfringens vegetative cells ranged from 1.21 to 1.60 min. Heat shocking allowed the organism to survive longer and the increase in heat resistance tvas as high as 1.5 fold. Also, heat shock resulted in the overexpression of proteins exhibiting epitopic and size similarity to E. coli GroEL and B. subtilis small acid soluble proteins. Increased heat resistance due to heat shock must be considered while designing cooking/reheating regimes that ensure safety of ready-to-eat foods contaminated with high numbers of C. perfringens vegetative cells. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2001.tb00312.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 451WN UT WOS:000169825600005 ER PT J AU Reed, D Pregitzer, K Pugh, S Miles, P AF Reed, D Pregitzer, K Pugh, S Miles, P TI FIAMODEL - A new link for geographic analyses of inventory data SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE geospatial technologies; GIS; inventory and analysis AB The USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data are widely used throughout the United States for analyses of forest status and trends, landscape-level forest composition, and other forest characteristics. A new software product, FIAMODEL, is available for analyzing FIA data within the ArcView (R) (ESRI, Inc.) geographic information system. The software allows linkages with other natural resource information, such as watershed boundaries or soil maps, in a format widely used by natural resource organizations, which allows organizations to analyze FIA data in a spatial context with little new investment in hardware or training. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Reed, D (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 6 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 433JR UT WOS:000168756700006 ER PT J AU Reynolds, KM AF Reynolds, KM TI EMDS - Using a logic framework to assess forest ecosystem sustainability SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE assessment; logic-based modeling; sustainability AB More and more, bioregional assessments are being viewed as essential components of ecosystem management. But forestry professionals and others have identified several challenges posed by this new brand of regional-scale analysis. This article summarizes key challenges facing assessments in general, describes use of a logic-based modeling framework with an example of evaluating forest ecosystem sustainability in particular, and discusses ways in which logic-based modeling can help address the challenges of bioregional assessment. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reynolds, KM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 6 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 433JR UT WOS:000168756700007 ER PT J AU Salajanu, D Olson, CE AF Salajanu, D Olson, CE TI The significance of spatial resolution - Identifying forest cover from satellite data SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE biometrics; land use; remote sensing AB The objective of this study was to determine if decreasing pixel size increases overall accuracy with which forest species can be separated using satellite data. Classification accuracy achieved with Landsat Thematic Mapper ((TM)) channels 2, 3, and 4 were compared with results from SPOT-XS. Reference data prepared from enlarged prints of aerial photographs and field checks included 19 cover types, nine of which were coniferous. Results with SPOT-XS alone yielded an overall accuracy of 70.1 percent, and with Landsat (TM) 57.1 percent at species level. Overall accuracy increased by 3 percent when either SPOT-XS or Landsat (TM) data were integrated with SPOT-PAN data. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Salajanu, D (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Savannah River,POB 700, Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 6 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 433JR UT WOS:000168756700008 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Owens, RA Hammond, RW AF Zhao, Y Owens, RA Hammond, RW TI Use of a vector based on Potato virus X in a whole plant assay to demonstrate nuclear targeting of Potato spindle tuber viroid SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; VIRAL MOVEMENT; COAT PROTEIN; DNA; RNA; TRANSPORT; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; EXPRESSION AB Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is a covalently closed circular RNA molecule of 359 nucleotides that replicates within the nucleus of host cells. To determine how this small, highly structured RNA enters the nucleus, we have developed a virus-based, whole plant in vivo assay that uses green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the reporter molecule. The coding region of GFP was interrupted by insertion of an intron derived from the intervening sequence 2 of the potato ST-LS I gene. A cDNA copy of the complete PSTVd genome was, in turn, embedded within the intron, and this construct was delivered into Nicotiana benthamiana plants via a vector based on Potato virus X. The intron-containing GFP subgenomic RNA synthesized during virus infection cannot produce a functional GFP unless the RNA is imported into the nucleus, where the intron can be removed and the spliced RNA returned to the cytoplasm. The appearance of green fluorescence in leaf tissues inoculated with constructs containing a full-length PSTVd molecule embedded in the intron indicates that nuclear import and RNA splicing events did occur. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 82 BP 1491 EP 1497 PN 6 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 435TE UT WOS:000168896600028 PM 11369895 ER PT J AU Richter, SC Young, JE Seigel, RA Johnson, GN AF Richter, SC Young, JE Seigel, RA Johnson, GN TI Postbreeding movements of the dark gopher frog, Rana sevosa goin and netting: Implications for conservation and management SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL BUFFER ZONES; SALAMANDERS; AMPHIBIANS; PATTERNS; CAROLINA; CAPITO AB Conservation plans for amphibians often focus on activities at the breeding site, but for species that use terrestrial habitats for much of the year, an understanding of nonbreeding habitat use is also essential. We used radio telemetry to study the postbreeding movements of individuals of the only known population of dark gopher frogs, Rana sevosa, during two breeding seasons (1994 and 1996). Movements away from the pond were relatively short (< 300 m) and usually occurred within a two-day period after frogs initially exited the breeding pond. However, dispersal distances for some individuals may have been constrained by a recent clearcut on adjacent private property. Final recorded locations for all individuals were underground retreats associated with stump holes, root mounds of fallen trees, or mammal burrows in surrounding upland areas. When implementing a conservation plan for Rana sevosa and other amphibians with similar habitat utilization patterns, we recommend that a terrestrial buffer zone of protection include the aquatic breeding site and adjacent nonbreeding season habitat. When the habitat is fragmented, the buffer zone should include additional habitat to lessen edge effects and provide connectivity between critical habitats. For our study site, we recommend a 1000-m buffer zone around the primary breeding site and each of two other potential breeding ponds. C1 SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, LA USA. So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Richter, SC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM richter@ou.edu NR 29 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 19 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 35 IS 2 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.2307/1566123 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 440XU UT WOS:000169202600018 ER PT J AU Dekker, SC Bouten, W Schaap, MG AF Dekker, SC Bouten, W Schaap, MG TI Analysing forest transpiration model errors with artificial neural networks SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial neural networks; forest transpiration; Penman-Monteith; model errors ID SOIL-WATER DYNAMICS; DOUGLAS-FIR STAND; CONDUCTANCE; EVAPORATION; CANOPIES AB A Single Big Leaf (SBL) forest transpiration model was calibrated on half-hourly eddy correlation measurements. The SBL model is based on the Penman-Monteith equation with a canopy conductance controlled by environmental variables. The model has right calibration parameters, which determine the shape of the response functions. After calibration, residuals between measurements and model results exhibit complex patterns and contain random and systematic errors. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used to analyse these residuals for any systematic relations with environmental variables that may improve the SBL model. Different sub-sets of data were used to calibrate and validate the ANNs. Both wind direction and wind speed turned out to improve the model results. ANNs were able to find the source area of the fluxes of the Douglas fir stand within a larger heterogeneous forest without using a priori knowledge of the forest structure. With ANNs, improvements were also found in the shape and parameterisation of the response functions. Systematic errors in the original SBL model, caused by interdependencies between environmental variables, were not found anymore with the new parameterisation. After the ANNs analyses, about 80% of the residuals can be attributed to random errors of eddy correlation measurements. It is finally concluded that ANNs are able to find systematic trends even in very noisy residuals if applied properly. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Dept Phys Geog & Soil Sci, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Dekker, SC (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Netherlands Ctr Geoecol Res, POB 80115, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Dekker, Stefan/F-5581-2013 OI Dekker, Stefan/0000-0001-7764-2464 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 246 IS 1-4 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00368-7 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 435YN UT WOS:000168909900014 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Patterson, D Briggs, C Irwin, P Yu, L AF Tu, SI Patterson, D Briggs, C Irwin, P Yu, L TI Detection of immunomagnetically captured Escherichia coli O157 : H7 by antibody-conjugated alkaline phosphatase SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunomagnetic capture; bacterial detection; antibody-conjugated alkaline phosphatase; bacterial detection method ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ASSAY; FOODS AB A rapid and sensitive detection process for Escherichia coli O157:H7 was developed using alkaline phosphatase (APase)-labeled anti-E. coli O157 antibodies to tag the targeted bacteria. Immunomagnetic beads or antibody-labeled streptavidin-coated magnetic beads were then used to capture the APase-tagged E. coli. Immunomagnetically captured bacteria were washed and distributed into microplates or optical cuvettes. The enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitro-phenol phosphate in alkaline solutions was then followed. Less than 1000 cfu/ml of E. coli O157:H7 could be detected. This approach was applied to detect the bacteria artificially spiked in beef hamburgers. Less than 1 cfu/g of E. coli O157:H7 produced a significant response after cultural enrichment for 4-6 h at 37 degreesC. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 6 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.7000141 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 468VY UT WOS:000170779900004 PM 11571617 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ Martin, PAW Hakim, RS Goto, S Takeda, M AF Loeb, MJ Martin, PAW Hakim, RS Goto, S Takeda, M TI Regeneration of cultured midgut cells after exposure to sublethal doses of toxin from two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE midgut; Bt toxin; wound healing; differentiation ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; PLASMATOCYTE-SPREADING PEPTIDE; STEM-CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; GROWTH-FACTOR; LARVAL MIDGUT; IN-VITRO; DIFFERENTIATION; HEMOLYMPH AB Toxin from two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), AA 1-9 and HD-73, caused dose-dependent destruction of cultured midgut cells from Heliothis virescens larvae. HD-73 toxin was more effective although, at the doses used, not all cells were killed. After 2 days of exposure to 0.8 pg/mul AA 1-9 or 0.06 pg/mul HD-73, columnar and goblet cell numbers declined to ca 20% of controls. In contrast, stem and differentiating cells increased to 140-200% of controls. The dynamic of depletion and replacement depended on toxin type and concentration. Two days after toxin was washed out, ratios of cell types returned to approximate control levels, suggesting rapid population corrections in vitro. Regulation of the ratio of cell types in each population, and the rate of proliferation and differentiation of stem cells was induced by the cultured midgut cells themselves. Controls and cells treated with toxin from Bt strain AA 1-9 were stained using a polyclonal antibody to Lepidopteran midgut differentiation factor 1 (MDF1). With Bt toxin, 1.5 times more cells stained for MDF1, suggesting increased synthesis of this differentiation factor during increased stem cell differentiation. The response of cultured midgut cells to Bt toxin injury is similar to injured vertebrate tissues dependent on stem cells for replacement and healing. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Kobe Univ, Fac Agr, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 47 IS 6 BP 599 EP 606 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(00)00150-5 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 423ZF UT WOS:000168207100008 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM AF Klevay, LM TI Impaired oxidative defense in ischemic heart disease from diets low in copper? SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2828 EI 1095-8584 J9 J MOL CELL CARDIOL JI J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP A59 EP A59 DI 10.1016/S0022-2828(01)90235-4 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cell Biology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Cell Biology GA 478BH UT WOS:000171322700256 ER PT J AU Warden, BA Smith, LS Beecher, GR Balentine, DA Clevidence, BA AF Warden, BA Smith, LS Beecher, GR Balentine, DA Clevidence, BA TI Catechins are bioavailable in men and women drinking black tea throughout the day SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting CY APR 14-19, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE bioavailability; catechins; human study; HPLC-coularray; black tea ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RAT PORTAL-VEIN; CANCER PREVENTION; FLAVONOID METABOLISM; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; GREEN TEA; POLYPHENOLS; ABSORPTION; RISK; CONSUMPTION AB Tea consumption has been associated with reduced risk of both cancer and cardiovascular disease in population studies, but clinical data demonstrating bioavailability of the individual catechins and other polyphenolic components of tea are limited. This study assessed the apparent bioavailability of the prominent catechins from black tea in humans drinking tea throughout the day. After 5 d of consuming a low flavonoid diet, subjects drank a black tea preparation containing 15.48, 36.54, 16.74, and 31.14 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), respectively, at four time points (0, 2, 4 and 6 h). Blood, urine and fecal specimens were collected over a 24- to 72-h period and catechins were quantified by HPLC with coularray detection. Plasma concentrations of EGG, EC and EGCG increased significantly relative to baseline (P < 0.05). Plasma EGG, EC and EGCG peaked after 5 h, whereas ECG peaked at 24 h. Urinary excretion of EGC and EC, which peaked at 5 h, was increased relative to baseline amounts (P < 0.05) and fecal excretion of all four catechins was increased relative to baseline (P < 0.05). Approximately 1.68% of ingested catechins were present in the plasma, urine and feces, and the apparent bioavailability of the gallated catechins was lower than the nongallated forms. Thus, catechins were bioavailable. However, unless they are rapidly metabolized or sequestered, the catechins appeared to be absorbed in amounts that were small relative to intake. C1 Analyt Sci Inc, Stat & Publ Hlth Res, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Unilever Res Labs Vlaardingen, Unilever Hlth Inst, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, Netherlands. RP Warden, BA (reprint author), Analyt Sci Inc, Stat & Publ Hlth Res, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM bwarden@asciences.com NR 44 TC 127 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 131 IS 6 BP 1731 EP 1737 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 441VL UT WOS:000169250200014 PM 11385060 ER PT J AU Hargrove, RL Etherton, TD Pearson, TA Harrison, EH Kris-Etherton, PM AF Hargrove, RL Etherton, TD Pearson, TA Harrison, EH Kris-Etherton, PM TI Low fat and high monounsaturated fat diets decrease human low density lipoprotein oxidative susceptibility in vitro SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 98 Meeting CY APR 18-22, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Exptl Biol DE dietary fat; nuts; peanuts; low density lipoprotein oxidation; conjugated dienes; humans ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; LDL OXIDATION; BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-E; RICH DIETS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NUT CONSUMPTION AB Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Some studies have found that LDL enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are less susceptible to oxidation than LDL enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). A high MUFA diet is an alternative to a lower-fat blood cholesterol-lowering diet. Less is known about the effects of high MUFA Versus lower-fat blood cholesterol-lowering diets on LDL oxidative susceptibility. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of men and women consuming diets high in MUFA (peanuts plus peanut butter, peanut oil and olive oil) on LDL oxidative susceptibility, and to compare these effects with those of a Step II blood cholesterol-lowering diet. A randomized, double-blind, five-period crossover design (n = 20) was used to study the effects of the following diets on LDL-oxidation: average American [35% fat, 15% saturated fatty acids (SFA)], Step II (25% fat, 7% SFA), olive oil (35% fat, 7% SFA), peanut oil (35% fat, 7% SFA) and peanuts plus peanut butter (35% fat, 8% SFA). The average American diet resulted in the shortest lag time (57 +/- 6 min) for LDL oxidized ex vivo, whereas the Step II, olive oil and peanuts plus peanut butter diets resulted in a lag time of 66 +/- 6 min (P less than or equal to 0.1). The slower rate of oxidation [nmol dienes/(min mg LDL protein)] observed when subjects comsumed the olive oil diet (24 +/- 2) versus the average American (28 +/- 2), peanut oil (28 +/- 2) and peanuts plus peanut butter diets (29 +/- 2; P less than or equal to 0.05) was associated with a lower LDL PUFA content. The results of this study suggest that lower-fat and higher-fat blood cholesterol-lowering diets high in MUFA have similar effects on LDL oxidative resistance. In addition, our results suggest that different high MUFA sources varying in the ratio of MUFA to PUFA can be incorporated into a high MUFA diet without increasing the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. C1 Penn State Univ, Grad Program Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kris-Etherton, PM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Grad Program Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pmk3@psu.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL049879, HL 49879] NR 48 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 131 IS 6 BP 1758 EP 1763 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 441VL UT WOS:000169250200018 PM 11385064 ER PT J AU de Kleijn, MJJ van der Schouw, YT Wilson, PWF Adlercreutz, H Mazur, W Grobbee, DE Jacques, PF AF de Kleijn, MJJ van der Schouw, YT Wilson, PWF Adlercreutz, H Mazur, W Grobbee, DE Jacques, PF TI Intake of dietary phytoestrogens is low in postmenopausal women in the United States: The Framingham Study SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE phytoestrogens; isoflavones; coumestans; lignans; postmenopausal women ID PHYTO-ESTROGENS; BREAST-CANCER; SOY-PROTEIN; ISOFLAVONOID PHYTOESTROGENS; LIGNANS; FOOD; EXCRETION; RISK; IDENTIFICATION; CONSUMPTION AB Many plants that are consumed contain phytoestrogens, Only a few published studies have examined the dietary intake of phytoestrogens in the general Western population. The potentially positive health effects of phytoestrogens might be of relevance to postmenopausal women. The aim of the present study was to estimate the intake of dietary isoflavones, coumestans and lignans by healthy Western postmenopausal women. For this purpose, we studied 964 postmenopausal, Caucasian women who participated in the Framingham Offspring Study and completed the Willett food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). By searching the medical and agricultural literature and contacting experts, we identified food sources of phytoestrogens, The concentrations of the different isoflavones, coumestrol and lignans in each food in the FFQ were scored in seven categories and multiplied by the serving size of the food and the frequency of its consumption. The estimated daily median intake of the isoflavone daidzein was 39 mug (24-57 mug); of genistein, 70 mug (28-120 mug); of formononetin, 31 mug (13-44 mug); and of biochanin A, 6 mug (2-11 mug). Median total intake of isoflavones was 154 mug (99-235 mug). The main sources of isoflavones were beans and peas. The estimated daily intake of coumestans was 0.6 mug (0.2-1.7 mug), with broccoli as the main source. The estimated daily median intake of matairesinol was 19 mug (12-28 mug) and of secoisolariciresinol 560 mug (399-778 mug) The median total intake of lignans was 578 mug (416-796 mug). The main source of the lignans was fruits. The daily dietary intake of phytoestrogens in healthy postmenopausal Caucasian women in the United States is <1 mg. C1 Univ Utrecht, Julius Ctr Patient Orientated Res, Med Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Clin Chem, SF-00100 Helsinki, Finland. Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP van der Schouw, YT (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Julius Ctr Patient Orientated Res, Med Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Grobbee, Diederick/C-7651-2014; van der Schouw, Yvonne/F-8327-2014 OI Grobbee, Diederick/0000-0003-4472-4468; van der Schouw, Yvonne/0000-0002-4605-435X NR 40 TC 191 Z9 195 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 131 IS 6 BP 1826 EP 1832 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 441VL UT WOS:000169250200028 PM 11385074 ER PT J AU Das, SK Moriguti, JC McCrory, MA Saltzman, E Mosunic, C Greenberg, AS Roberts, SB AF Das, SK Moriguti, JC McCrory, MA Saltzman, E Mosunic, C Greenberg, AS Roberts, SB TI An underfeeding study in healthy men and women provides further evidence of impaired regulation of energy expenditure in old age SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE aging; energy metabolism; humans; respiratory quotient; body composition ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; FAT OXIDATION; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; WEIGHT; DECLINE; ADULTS AB The effect of aging on energy regulation remains controversial. We compared the effects of underfeeding on changes in energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in young normal weight men and women [YNW, age 25.7 +/- 3.2 y(SD), body mass index (BMI) 23.1 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)], young overweight men and women (YOW, age 26.1 +/- 3.5 y, BMI 27.7 +/- 2.1 kg/m(2)) and older (OLD) men and women (age 68.4 +/- 3.3 y, BMI 27.4 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2)). The thermic effect of feeding (TEF) during weight maintenance, and changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient were determined in response to undereating by an average 3.75 MJ/d for 6 wk. In addition, body composition was measured. No significant differences among the groups were observed in TEF, fasting and postprandial respiratory quotient, or the change in fasting respiratory quotient with underfeeding. However, REE adjusted for fat-free mass and fat mass was significantly lower in OLD subjects compared with YNW and YOW subjects (P < 0.05), In addition, the REE response to weight change was significantly attenuated in the OLD subjects (P = 0.023). These data suggest that the responsiveness of energy expenditure to negative energy balance is attenuated in old age, and provide further support for the hypothesis that mechanisms of energy regulation are broadly disregulated in old age. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Moriguti, Julio/P-7207-2016 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 131 IS 6 BP 1833 EP 1838 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 441VL UT WOS:000169250200029 PM 11385075 ER PT J AU Shames, DM Woodhouse, LR Lowe, NM King, JC AF Shames, DM Woodhouse, LR Lowe, NM King, JC TI Accuracy of simple techniques for estimating fractional zinc absorption in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE zinc; stable isotopic tracers; zinc absorption; compartmental modeling ID STABLE ISOTOPES; METABOLISM; TRACERS AB The theoretical basis of the accuracy of a number of simple techniques for estimating fractional zinc absorption (FZA) in humans using stable isotopic tracers has not been evaluated. These techniques include fecal monitoring (FM), deconvolution analysis (DA), double isotopic tracer ratio (DITR) and indicator dilution methods. Using a compartmental model, we investigated the accuracy and logic of each of these techniques. Time-dependent estimates of FZA based on the simple techniques were simulated using the compartmental model and compared with the known FZA derived from the model. The analysis elucidated logical errors in some of the FM techniques, and even when these problems were corrected, the FM technique was still prone to errors due to incomplete fecal tracer recovery and variable gastrointestinal (GI) transit time. Although logically correct, the indicator dilution techniques were also highly sensitive to incomplete fecal tracer recovery and variable GI transit time. The DA and DITR techniques were the most robust in that they were logically correct and were insensitive to incomplete fecal tracer recovery and variable GI transit time. Although all of the DA and DITR methods provided similarly good estimates of FZA relative to the compartmental model, the DITR technique performed on a spot urine specimen obtained several days after tracer administration was the preferred choice because of its simplicity and minimal requirements for patient compliance. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Cent Lancashire, Dept Biol Sci, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP King, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Lowe, Nicola/B-5472-2013 OI Lowe, Nicola/0000-0002-6934-2768 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 131 IS 6 BP 1854 EP 1861 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 441VL UT WOS:000169250200033 PM 11385079 ER PT J AU Basso, W Venturini, L Venturini, MC Hill, DE Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Dubey, JP AF Basso, W Venturini, L Venturini, MC Hill, DE Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Dubey, JP TI First isolation of Neospora caninum from the feces of a naturally infected dog SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GERBILS MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; POINT-SOURCE EXPOSURE; DAIRY HERDS; NETHERLANDS 1995; ABORTION STORMS; ORAL INFECTION; MICE; DIAGNOSIS AB Neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. Cattle become infected with N, caninum by ingesting oocysts from the environment or transplacentally from dam to fetus. Experimentally, dogs can act as definitive hosts, but dogs excrete few oocysts after ingesting tissue cysts. A natural definitive host was unknown until now. In the present study, N. caninum was isolated from the feces of a dog. Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) fed feces from the dog developed antibodies to N. caninum in the Neospora caninum agglutination test, and tissue cysts were found in their brains, Neospora caninum was isolated in cell culture and in gamma-interferon gene knockout mice inoculated with brain homogenates of infected gerbils. The DNA obtained from fecal oocysts of the dog, from the brains of gerbils fed dog feces, and from organisms isolated in cell cultures inoculated with gerbil brains was confirmed as N. caninum. The identification of N. caninum oocyst by bioassay and polymerase chain reaction demonstrates that the dog is a natural definitive host for N. caninum. C1 Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Vet, Catedra Parasitol, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 87 IS 3 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0612:FIONCF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 444GP UT WOS:000169392000020 PM 11426726 ER PT J AU Reuveni, M DuPont, FM AF Reuveni, M DuPont, FM TI Manganese enhances the phosphorylation of membrane-associated proteins isolated from barley roots SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barley; manganese; protein phosphorylation; protein kinase; root membranes ID NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MICROSOMAL-MEMBRANES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ETHYLENE SIGNAL; CALCIUM; PLANTS; LIGHT; GENE AB Microsomal membranes isolated from barley roots (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. CM72) contained endogenous protein phosphorylation activities that were greatly enhanced by Mn2+. Mg2+ ions also stimulated protein phosphorylation, but to a lesser extent than Mn2+. Ca2+ enhanced Mg2+, but not Mn2+ dependent phosphorylation. It is proposed that this strong enhancement by Mn2+ may be due to a greater affinity of Mn2+ than either Ca2+ or Mg2+ for both the Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding sites of certain kinases. Some Mn2+ stimulated kinase activity was eliminated from the membrane by washing with 0.2 mol/L KCI. The KCI extract contained histone and casein kinase activities, and 4 major phosphoproteins that were phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Phosphorylation of a 52 kDa polypeptide corresponded with the characteristics of the histone kinase activity and may represent the autophosphorylation of a CDPK-type kinase. Phosphorylation of a 36 kDa polypeptide was Ca2+ stimulated and may represent the autophosphorylation of a different type of unknown kinase. Polypeptides of 18 and 15 kDa had characteristics that suggest they were autophosphorylating subunits of a membrane bound nucleotide di-phosphokinase. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Ornamental Hort, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Ornamental Hort, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM vhmoshe@agri.gov.il NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 EI 1618-1328 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 158 IS 6 BP 699 EP 708 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-00009 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 448PH UT WOS:000169635500003 ER PT J AU Lane, WH Andersen, DE Nicholls, TH AF Lane, WH Andersen, DE Nicholls, TH TI Distribution, abundance, and habitat use of singing male Boreal Owls in northeast Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Boreal Owl; Aegolius funereus; nocturnal surveys; distribution; nesting habitat ID POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; AEGOLIUS-FUNEREUS; AVAILABILITY DATA; TENGMALMS OWLS AB Compared to other portions of their breeding range, little is known regarding distribution, abundance, and habitat use of Boreal Owls (Aegolius funereus) at the southern extent of the boreal forest in eastern North America. To locate Boreal Owls and evaluate abundance and habitat use, we conducted nocturnal surveys for singing male owls in northeast Minnesota from 1987-92. Vocalizing owls were detected on 234 occasions in almost 5000 km of surveys, with 172 (73.5%) of the detections categorized as unique (i.e., individual owls) and 62 (26.5%) detections categorized as owls previously detected (heard during greater than or equal to1 previous survey effort). The rate of encounter of singing owls ranged from a low of 0.030 owls/km surveyed in 1987 and 1991 to a high of 0.089 owls/km surveyed in 1989. Indices of abundance based on unique detections ranged from 0.060 owls/km of survey route in 1987 to 0.219 owls/km of survey route in 1989, and minimum density estimates ranged from 0.014 (1987) to 0.051 (1989) singing male Boreal Owls per km(2). No trends in abundance, except an apparent peak in abundance in 1989, were evident across years, although high spatial variation constrained our ability to detect trends. Singing male Boreal Owls used older, upland-mixed-forest stands greater than expected based on availability along survey routes and open/brush/regenerative stands significantly less than expected for courtship activities. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lane, WH (reprint author), 456 Royal Rd, N Yarmouth, ME 04097 USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 35 IS 2 BP 130 EP 140 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 453MJ UT WOS:000169919400007 ER PT J AU Forsman, ED Otto, IA Sovern, SC Taylor, M Hays, DW Allen, H Roberts, SL Seaman, DE AF Forsman, ED Otto, IA Sovern, SC Taylor, M Hays, DW Allen, H Roberts, SL Seaman, DE TI Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Northern Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis caurina; diet; predation; prey selection; Washington ID NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL; PREY SELECTION; FOOD-HABITS; WESTERN OREGON; NINOX-STRENUA; STRIX-RUFIPES; POWERFUL OWL; POPULATIONS; FOREST; CONSEQUENCES AB We studied diets of Northern Sported Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in three different regions of Washington State during 1983-96. Northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) were the most important prey in most areas, comprising 29-54% of prey numbers and 45-99% of prey biomass. Other important prey included snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea), boreal red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi, and mice Peromyscus maniculatus, P. oreas). Nonmammalian prey generally comprised less than 15% of prey numbers and biomass. Mean prey mass was 111.4 +/- 1.5 g on the Olympic Peninsula, 74.8 +/- 2.9 g in the Western Cascades, and 91.3 +/- 1.7 g in the Eastern Cascades. Diets varied among territories, years, and seasons. Annual variation in diet was characterized by small changes in relative occurrence of different prey types rather than a complete restructuring of the diet. Predation on snowshoe hares was primarily restricted to small juveniles captured during spring and summer. Mean prey mass did nor differ between nesting and nonnesting owls in 19 of 21 territories examined. However, the direction of the difference was positive in 15 of the 21 cases (larger mean fur nesting owls), suggesting a trend toward larger prey in samples collected from nesting owls. We suggest that differences in diet among years, seasons, and territories are probably due primarily to differences in prey abundance. However, there are other factors that could cause such differences, including individual variation in prey selection, variation in the timing of pellet collections, and variation in prey accessibility in different cover types. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. USDI Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. USGS, BRD Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 35 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 453MJ UT WOS:000169919400008 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA Roussel, AM Zouari, N Mahjoub, S Matheau, JM Kerkeni, A AF Anderson, RA Roussel, AM Zouari, N Mahjoub, S Matheau, JM Kerkeni, A TI Potential antioxidant effects of zinc and chromium supplementation in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Nutrition CY OCT 02, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP Amer Coll Nutrit DE zinc; chromium; antioxidants; TBRS; lipid peroxidation; glucose homeostasis; trace elements; diabetes ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; THIOBARBITURIC ACID; METABOLIC CONTROL; INSULIN; PLASMA; MALONDIALDEHYDE; BLOOD; SELENIUM; REVERSAL AB Objective: To determine the effects of combined zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) supplementation on oxidative stress and glucose homeostasis of people with type 2 diabetes. Design: Tunisian adult subjects with HbA1C > 7.5% were supplemented for 6 month, with 30 mg/d of Zn as Zn gluconate or 400 mug/d of Cr as Cr pidolate or combined Zn/Cr supplementation or placebo. The effects of supplementation on plasma zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se). urinary Zn, Cr, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Se glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in red blood cells, blood lipids and lipoproteins, HbA1C and fasting glucose were measured at the beginning of the study and after six months. Results: At the beginning of the study, more than 30% of the subjects may have been Zn deficient with plasma Zn values less than 10.7 mu mol/L, whereas levels of plasma Cu, Se and antioxidant RBC enzyme activities were in the normal ranges. Following supplementation, there were significant decreases of plasma TEARS in the Cr (13.6%), Zn (13.6%) and Zn/Cr (18.2%) groups with no significant changes in the placebo group. The value for the TEARS of the control healthy Tunisian subjects was 2.08 +/- 0.03 mu mol/L and that of the Tunisian subjects with diabetes was 3.32 +/- 0.05 mu mol/L. This difference of 1.24 mu mol/L between the control group and the subjects with diabetes was reduced from 36% to 50% in the three supplemented groups. Supplementation did not modify significantly HbA1C nor glucose homeostasis. No adverse effects of Zn supplementation were observed on Cu status, HDL cholesterol nor interactions in Zn or Cr. Conclusions: These data suggest the potential beneficial antioxidant effects of the individual and combined supplementation of Zn and Cr in people with type 2 DM. These results are particularly important in light of the deleterious consequences of oxidative stress in people with diabetes. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, LBSO, Oxidat Stress Lab, Grenoble, France. Lab Labcatal, Montrouge, France. Serv Explorat Fonct & Endocrinol Metab Hop, Sfax, Tunisia. Hop Monastir, Serv Med Interne, Monastir, Tunisia. Fac Med, Biophys Lab, Monastir, Tunisia. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Bldg 307,Rm 224, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 132 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 212 EP 218 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 448KH UT WOS:000169625700002 PM 11444416 ER PT J AU Cermak, SC Isbell, TA AF Cermak, SC Isbell, TA TI Synthesis of estolides from oleic and saturated fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acid-catalyzed; butyric; decanoic; estolides; hexanoic; lauric; octanoic; oleic acid; palmitic; perchloric acid ID CATALYZED CONDENSATION; DELTA-LACTONES; MEADOWFOAM; OIL AB Oleic acid and various saturated fatty acids, butyric through stearic, were treated with 0.4 equivalents of per chloric acid at either 45 or 55 degreesC to produce complex estolides. Yields varied between 45 and 65% after Kugelrohr distillation. The estolide number (EN), i.e., the average number of fatty acid units added to a base fatty acid, varied as a function of temperature and saturated fatty acid. The shorter-chain saturated fatty acids, i.e., buryric and hexanoic, provided material with higher degrees of oligomerization (EN = 3.31)than stearic acid (EN = 1.36). The individual, saturated fatty acid estolides each have very different characteristics, such as color and type of hy-products. The higher-temperature reactions occurred at faster rates at the expense of yield, and lactones were the predominant side products. At 55 degreesC, lactone yields increased, but the delta-gamma -lactone ratio decreased; this led to lower estolide yields. The opposite trend was observed for the 45 degreesC reaction. The saturate-capped. oleic estolides were then esterified with 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, and the chemical composition of these new estolides remained consistent throughout the course of the reaction. C1 ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cermak, SC (reprint author), ARS, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 6 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0304-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 446KU UT WOS:000169513100001 ER PT J AU Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Dunn, LB AF Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Dunn, LB TI Foaming properties of soybean protein-based plywood adhesives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE animal blood protein; foaming capacity; foam extrusion; foam stability; plywood glue; soy proteins ID FOOD PROTEINS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; SOY PROTEINS; HYDROPHOBICITY AB A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of soy protein-based plywood glues for foam extrusion. Foaming properties were the first criterion used to screen several soy protein sources. Foaming capacities and stabilities of glue mixes containing animal blood (control) or soy products (meals, flours, concentrates, and isolates) were compared and correlated with molecular weights and surface hydrophobicity indices (S-O) in an attempt to identify structure/function relationships. The blood-based glue mix produced more foam than any of the soy-based glues. Soy flours and concentrates generally produced greater foam Volumes and more stable foams than soy meal and isolates. Differences in foaming properties could not be explained by solubility profiles or S-O. However, results of gel electrophoresis indicated that soy products with poor foaming properties had extensive structure modifications or contained considerably lesser amounts of protein available for foaming reactions. Glue mixes containing the soy flours ISU-CCUR, Honeysoy 90, Nutrisoy 7B, and defatted Soyafluff and the soy concentrates Arcon F, ISU-CCUR, and Procon 2000 demonstrated the desired mixing and foaming properties for foam extrusion. C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hojilla-Evangelista, MP (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 6 BP 567 EP 572 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0305-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 446KU UT WOS:000169513100002 ER PT J AU Hsu, AF Jones, K Marmer, WN Foglia, TA AF Hsu, AF Jones, K Marmer, WN Foglia, TA TI Production of alkyl esters from tallow and grease using lipase immobilized in a phyllosilicate sol-gel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE alkyl esters; biodiesel fuel; grease; immobilization; phyllosilicate; sol-gel; tallow; transesterification ID VEGETABLE-OILS; CONVERSION; BIODIESEL AB The lipase-catalyzed synthesis of alkyl esters from tallow and grease using Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PS-30) immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix was investigated. The effects of the presence of alcohol and of the amount of enzyme used were studied. The matrix-immobilized PS-30 lipase effectively converted grease and tallow to ethyl esters in greater than 95% yield when using ethanol. The final conversion of grease or tallow to alkyl esters was aided by the addition of molecular sieves (0.4 wt% of substrates) to the reaction mixture. The matrix-immobilized PS-30 enzyme was easily recovered and could be reused at least five limes without losing its activity. Accordingly, the phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized PS-30 lipase is potentially useful for the economic production of biodiesel fuel. C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hsu, AF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 13 TC 60 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 6 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0308-x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 446KU UT WOS:000169513100005 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA Nunez, A AF Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA Nunez, A TI Optimizing reaction parameters for the enzymatic synthesis of epoxidized oleic acid with oat seed peroxygenase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa; t-butyl hydroperoxide; epoxide; hydrogen peroxide; peroxygenase; sodium oleate ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; VICIA-FABA L; EPOXIDATION AB Peroxygenase is a plant enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a double bond to an epoxide in a stereospecific and enantiofacially selective manner. A microsomal fraction containing peroxygenase was prepared from oat (Avena sativa) seeds and the enzyme immobilized onto a hydrophobic membrane. The enzymatic activity of the immobilized preparation was assayed in 1 h by measuring epoxidation of sodium oleate (5 mg) in buffer-surfactant mixtures. The pH optimum of the reaction was 7.5 when t-butyl hydroperoxide was the oxidant and 5.5 when hydrogen peroxide was the oxidant. With t-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant the immobilized enzyme showed increasing activity to 65 degreesC. The temperature profile with hydrogen peroxide was flatter, although activity was also retained to 65 degreesC. In 1 h reactions at 25 degreesC at their respective optimal pH values, t-butyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide promoted epoxide formation at the same rate. larger-scale reactions were conducted using a 20-fold increase in sodium oleate (to 100 mg). Reaction time was lengthened to 24 h. At optimized levels of t-butyl hydroperoxide 80% conversion to epoxide was achieved. With hydrogen peroxide only a 33% yield of epoxide was obtained, which indicates that hydrogen peroxide may deactivate peroxygenase. C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 6 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0309-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 446KU UT WOS:000169513100006 ER PT J AU Hof, J Bevers, M AF Hof, J Bevers, M TI A spatial linear program for optimally scheduling forest management to meet stormflow objectives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE stormwater management; forest planning; spatial optimization; linear programming; nested schedules ID CONSTRAINTS AB A spatial linear program that strategically arranges and schedules forest treatments so as to meet peak stormflow objectives is formulated and demonstrated. The approach uses simulated spatial routing of stormflows nested as short-term time schedules within longer-term forest planning time periods. A simple case example is used to demonstrate the formulation and explore its spatial sensitivity. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hof, J (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 571 EP 584 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 455XB UT WOS:000170052100006 ER PT J AU King, KW Harmel, RD Torbert, HA Balogh, JC AF King, KW Harmel, RD Torbert, HA Balogh, JC TI Impact of a turfgrass system on nutrient loadings to surface water SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; hydrology; urban landscape; runoff ID PHOSPHORUS LOSS AB Turfgrass systems are one of the most intensively managed land uses in the United States. Establishment and maintenance of high quality turfgrass usually implies substantial inputs of water, nutrients, and pesticides. The focus of this work was to quantify the concentration and loading of a typically maintained municipal turfgrass environment on surface water. Water quantity and quality data were collected from a golf course in Austin, Texas, and analyzed for a 13-month period from March 20, 1998, to April 30, 1999. Twenty-two precipitation events totaling 722 mm, produced an estimated 98 mm of runoff Nutrient analysis of surface runoff exiting the course exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in median nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen (NO3+NO2-N) concentration compared to runoff entering the course, a statistically significant decrease in ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), but no difference in ortho-phosphate (PO4-P). During the 13-month period, storm runoff contributed an estimated 2.3 kg/ha of NO3+NO2-N and 0.33 kg/ha of PO4-P to the stream. Storm flow accounted for the attenuation of 0.12 kg/ha of NH4-N. Baseflow nutrient analysis showed a statistically significant increase in median NO3+NO2-N, a significant reduction in NH4-N, and no change in PO4-P. Estimated NO3+NO2-N mass in the baseflow was calculated as 4.7 kg/ha. PO4-P losses were estimated at 0.06 kg/ha, while 0.8 kg/ha of NH4-N were attenuated in baseflow over the study period. Even though nutrient concentrations exiting the system rarely exceeded nutrient screening levels, this turfgrass environment did contribute increased NO3+NO2-N and PO4-P loads to the stream. This emphasizes the need for parallel studies where management intensity, soil, and climate differ from this study and for golf course managers to utilize an integrated management program to protect water quality while maintaining healthy turfgrass systems. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Spectrum Res Inc, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 629 EP 640 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05499.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 455XB UT WOS:000170052100011 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, TJ TI Revision of the orthotyline plant bug genus Hyalochloria, with a key and descriptions of four new species (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Miridae) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Miridae; Orthotylinae; Hyalochloria; new species; new combination; male descriptions; distribution; identification key AB The four new species Hyalochloria apicata, H. bispina, and H. marginatus from Brazil, and H. baranowskii from Panama and Trinidad. are described H. rondoniensis Carvalho is synonymized under H. scutellata Henry; males of H. antilleana Carvalho and H. araripensis Carvalho are described for the first time; confusion pertaining to the identity of H. caviceps and H. unicolor is clarified; a lectotype for H. caviceps Reuter is redesignated; and numerous new distribution records are given. Photographs of adults. illustrations of male antennae, and a revised identification kev to the 20 known species are provided to facilitate recognition. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 109 IS 2 BP 235 EP 262 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2001)109[0235:ROTOPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 467GC UT WOS:000170693200005 ER PT J AU Small, BC Bates, TD AF Small, BC Bates, TD TI Effect of low-temperature incubation of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus eggs on development, survival, and growth SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MARINE FISH; SIZE AB To determine whether the embryonic period of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus could be extended at low temperatures, fertilized channel catfish eggs were incubated at five constant water temperatures: 4, 11, 16, 21, and 26 C. Low-temperature incubation of catfish eggs extended the embryonic period at 16 (244%) and 21 C (56%) when compared to the control hatchery incubation temperature of 26 C. All eggs incubated at 4 and 11 C died within 24-48 h. Developmental stage had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on percent hatch at 16, 21, and 26 C. Eggs held at 16 C prior to embryonic axis formation died within 48 h. Larvae from eggs hatched at 16 C were incompletely developed and died upon acclimation to 26 C for growth tests. Growth of fry reared at 26 C, following egg incubation at 21 C, paralleled that of fry from eggs incubated at 26 C. The underdevelopment of fry at 16 C combined with the significant effect of egg stage on survival at this temperature suggests that 16 C is below the lower thermal tolerance limit for normal development in this species. The period prior to the formation of the embryonic axis may be considered a vulnerable stage in channel catfish development. Increasing the embryonic period through low temperature incubation would increase the duration of juvenile availability for researchers and commercial operations. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater, Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater, Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012; Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb01094.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 440CF UT WOS:000169157800006 ER PT J AU Parcells, MS Lin, SF Dienglewicz, RL Majerciak, V Robinson, DR Chen, HC Wu, ZN Dubyak, GR Brunovskis, P Hunt, HD Lee, LF Kung, HJ AF Parcells, MS Lin, SF Dienglewicz, RL Majerciak, V Robinson, DR Chen, HC Wu, ZN Dubyak, GR Brunovskis, P Hunt, HD Lee, LF Kung, HJ TI Marek's disease virus (MDV) encodes an interleukin-8 homolog (vIL-8): characterization of the vIL-8 protein and a vIL-8 deletion mutant MDV SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; RESTRICTION ENZYME MAP; COLLINEAR RELATIONSHIP; PLATELET PROTEIN; RECEPTOR-BINDING; GENE-EXPRESSION; CC CHEMOKINES; CXC-CHEMOKINE; 9E3/CEF4; SEQUENCE AB Chemokines induce chemotaxis, cell migration, and inflammatory responses. We report the identification of an interleukin-8 (IL-8) homolog, termed vIL-8, encoded within the genome of Marek's disease virus (MDV). The 134-amino-acid vIL-8 shares closest homology to mammalian and avian IL-8, molecules representing the prototype CXC chemokine. The gene for vIL-8 consists of three exons which map to the BamHI-L fragment within the repeats flanking the unique long region of the MDV genome. A 0.7-kb transcript encoding vIL-8 was detected in an n-butyrate-treated, MDV-transformed T-lymphoblastoid cell line, MSB-1. This induction is essentially abolished by cycloheximide and herpesvirus DNA polymerase inhibitor phosphonoacetate, indicating that vIL-8 is expressed with true late (gamma (2)) kinetics. Baculovirus-expressed vIL-8 was found to be secreted into the medium and shown to be functional as a chemoattractant for chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells but not for heterophils. To characterize the function of vIL-8 with respect to MDV infection in vivo, a recombinant MDV was constructed with a deletion of all three exons and a soluble-modified green fluorescent protein (smGFP) expression cassette inserted at the site of deletion. In two in vivo experiments, the vIL-8 deletion mutant (RB1BvIL-8 Delta smGFP) showed a decreased level of lytic infection in comparison to its parent virus, an equal-passage-level parent virus, and to another recombinant MDV containing the insertion of a GFP expression cassette at the nonessential US2 gene. RB1BvIL-8 Delta smGFP retained oncogenicity, albeit at a greatly reduced level. Nonetheless, we have been able to establish a lymphoblastoid cell line from an RB1BvIL-8 Delta smGFP-induced ovarian lymphoma (MDCC-UA20) and verify the presence of a latent MDV genome lacking vIL-8. Taken together, these data describe the identification and characterization of a chemokine homolog encoded within the MDV genome that is dispensable for transformation but may affect the level of MDV in vivo lytic infection. C1 Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Bratislava, Slovakia. Dartmouth Coll, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Parcells, MS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, O-404, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RI Lin, Su-Fang/B-2666-2010; Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46613] NR 70 TC 100 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 75 IS 11 BP 5159 EP 5173 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.11.5159-5173.2001 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 430UJ UT WOS:000168593600024 PM 11333897 ER PT J AU Chinsangaram, J Koster, M Grubman, MJ AF Chinsangaram, J Koster, M Grubman, MJ TI Inhibition of L-deleted foot-and-mouth disease virus replication by alpha/beta interferon involves double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEADER PROTEINASE; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); CATTLE; MICE; RECEPTOR; CLEAVAGE; VIRULENT; VACCINE; BINDING; CULTURE AB We previously demonstrated that the ability of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to form plaques in cell culture is associated with the suppression of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta). In the present study, we used Escherichia coli-expressed porcine and bovine IFN-alpha or -beta individually to demonstrate that each was equally effective in inhibiting FMDV replication. The block in FMDV replication appeared to be at the level of protein translation, suggesting a role for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), In support of these findings, treatment of porcine and bovine cells with 2-aminopurine, an inhibitor of PKR, increased the yield of virus 8.8- and 11.2-fold, respectively, compared to that in untreated infected cells. In addition, results of FMDV infection in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells derived from gene knockout mice lacking the gene for RNase L-/- or PKR-/- or both indicated an important role for PKR in the inhibition of FMDV replication. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 27 TC 99 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 75 IS 12 BP 5498 EP 5503 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.12.5498-5503.2001 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 435JF UT WOS:000168877800008 PM 11356957 ER PT J AU Kennedy, B James, ML Prete, R Lino, E Glahn, RP Bratcher, C De Guise, S AF Kennedy, B James, ML Prete, R Lino, E Glahn, RP Bratcher, C De Guise, S TI Careers: People who make lab animal research happen SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB What attracts individuals to laboratory animal research? Why do they stay? What do they enjoy about dealing with rodents and other small animals on a day-to-day basis? And why do they think it's a career others will enjoy, too? Here, we profile several lab animal professionals. C1 CALTECH, Div Biol, Transgen Mouse Core Facil, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Yale Anim Resource Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. TGA Sci Inc, Medford, MA USA. Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Tech Serv, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol, Storrs, CT USA. RP Kennedy, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Biol, Transgen Mouse Core Facil, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 6 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 456TX UT WOS:000170099300007 ER PT J AU Gardner, HW Deighton, N AF Gardner, HW Deighton, N TI Effect of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal on soybean lipoxygenase-1 SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; INACTIVATION; OXYGENATION; HISTIDINE; DEHYDROGENASE; INHIBITION; PRODUCTS; PROTEINS; DISEASE; LYSINE AB The oxidation of linoleic acid by soybean lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) was inhibited in a time-dependent manner by 4-hydroxy-2 (E)-nonenal (HNE), Kinetic analysis indicated the effect was due to slow-binding inhibition conforming to an affinity labeling mechanism-based inhibition. After 25 min of preincubation of LOX-1 with and without HNE, Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plots indicated mixed noncompetitive/competitive inhibition. Low concentrations of HNE influenced the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal of 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9 (Z),11 (E)-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE)-generated Fe3+-LOX-1 slightly, but higher concentrations completely eliminated the EPR signal indicating an active site hindered from access by 13-HPODE. HNE may compete for the active site of LOX-1 because its precursor, 4-hydroperoxy-(2 E)-nonenal, is a product of LOX-1 oxidation of (3Z)-nonenal. Also, it was an attractive hypothesis to suggest that HNE may disrupt the active site by forming a Michael adduct with one or more of the three histidines that ligate the iron active site of LOX-1. C1 ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. RP Gardner, HW (reprint author), ARS, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 6 BP 623 EP 628 DI 10.1007/s11745-001-0766-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 454YZ UT WOS:000170000500011 PM 11485167 ER PT J AU Fahrenkrug, SC Rohrer, GA Freking, BA Smith, TPL Osoegawa, K Shu, CL Catanese, JJ de Jong, PJ AF Fahrenkrug, SC Rohrer, GA Freking, BA Smith, TPL Osoegawa, K Shu, CL Catanese, JJ de Jong, PJ TI A porcine BAC library with tenfold genome coverage: a resource for physical and genetic map integration SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; YAC LIBRARY; HUMAN DNA; CONSTRUCTION; FRAGMENTS; VECTOR C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Genet, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Fahrenkrug, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, 495 An Sci Vet Med,1988 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JUN PY 2001 VL 12 IS 6 BP 472 EP 474 DI 10.1007/s003350020015 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 437JG UT WOS:000168988100012 PM 11353397 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Barnard, DR Ali, A AF Xue, RD Barnard, DR Ali, A TI Laboratory and field evaluation of insect repellents as oviposition deterrents against the mosquito Aedes albopictus SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; AI3-35765. AI3-37220; deet; insect repellents; mosquito control; oviposition behaviour; Florida; USA ID AEGYPTI DIPTERA; CULICIDAE AB Three experimental approaches were used to evaluate the oviposition deterrency of three insect repellents, AI3-35765, AI3-37220 (piperidine compounds), and the standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) to the mosquito Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae). Against laboratory-reared Ae. albopictus gravid females, the EC50 values of AI3-37220, AI3-35765 and deet were 0.004%, 0.008% and 0.011% in laboratory cages and 0.004%, 0.01% and 0.009% in an outdoor screened cage. For a natural population of Ae. albopictus tested in the field, the EC50 values were determined as 0.004%, 0.008% and 0.001%, respectively. Ageing concentrations of 0.1% of each repellent provided >50% effective oviposition deterrency against the laboratory population of Ae. albopictus for 13 days in laboratory cages, for 15 days in the outdoor cage, and for 21 days against field population of Ae. albopictus in Florida. These topical skin repellents are effective oviposition deterrents for Ae. albopictus when employed at relatively low application rates. C1 ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015 NR 19 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1046/j.0269-283x.2001.00301.x PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 446DG UT WOS:000169497200002 PM 11434545 ER PT J AU Carmena-Ramon, R Ascaso, JF Real, JT Najera, G Ordovas, JM Carmena, R AF Carmena-Ramon, R Ascaso, JF Real, JT Najera, G Ordovas, JM Carmena, R TI Association between the TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene locus and plasma lipoprotein levels in familial hypercholesterolemia SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINS; RECEPTOR GENE; HDL CHOLESTEROL; CETP LOCUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIET; FRAMINGHAM AB Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates the exchange of triglycerides (TG) and cholesteryl ester between lipoprotein particles. Subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have been reported to have higher CETP activities, which could contribute to the lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and increased cardiovascular risk observed in some of these patients. Several polymorphisms have been reported in the CETP locus; the common TaqIB polymorphism is associated, in normolipidemic subjects, with decreased CETP activity and levels and with increased HDL-C levels. No data is available on the influence of this polymorphism in FH subjects. We have examined the TaqIB polymorphism in a group of 101 FH heterozygotes from Valencia, Spain. We have observed a frequency of 0.43 for the B2 allele, similar to those reported in the general population. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA), we found significant associations between the presence of the B2 allele and increased plasma HDL-C (P < .04) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) levels (P < .01). An opposite association was observed for low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, with the B2/B2 subjects having lower levels than B1/B1 and B1/B2 subjects. The plasma apoB levels followed the same trend as those for IDL-C. In addition, the response to a National Cholesterol Education program (NCEP)-I diet was studied in 77 of these subjects. The TaqIB polymorphism did not have a significant effect over the individual dietary response for any of the variables examined, as demonstrated by the lack of significant gene by diet interactions. In summary, the CETP TaqIB polymorphism is associated with a less atherogenic lipid profile, consisting of lower LDL-C, higher HDL-C levels, and a lower LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in heterozygous FH subjects. Moreover, the B2 allele was associated with a lower appearance of arcus cornealis, xanthomata, and clinical arteriosclerotic disease in these subjects. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 42 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 50 IS 6 BP 651 EP 656 DI 10.1053/meta.2001.23289 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 440MW UT WOS:000169179900007 PM 11398140 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Romero, R Brogden, KA Gallup, JM Sonea, IM Ackermann, MR AF Ramirez-Romero, R Brogden, KA Gallup, JM Sonea, IM Ackermann, MR TI Mast cell density and substance P-like immunoreactivity during the initiation and progression of lung lesions in ovine Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica pneumonia SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica; pneumonic pasteurellosis; pathogenesis; mast cells; substance P ID VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; NERVE-FIBERS; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; INFLAMMATORY PAIN; GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VITRO; RAT; HISTAMINE AB To determine the density of mast cells (MCs) and the extent of substance P (SP) immunoreactivity during initiation and progression of pneumonic pasteurellosis (PP), 18 lambs were inoculated intrabronchially with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica or saline, and lung tissue was collected at 1, 15 and 45 days post-inoculation (n=3, each group). Additionally, the left (non-inoculated) contralateral lungs in bacteria-inoculated animals were collected as controls. At 1 day after bacterial inoculation the lungs had typical M. haemolytica lesions. These pneumonic lesions had fewer numbers of MCs and reduced histamine content. Macrophages infiltrating some of the inflamed areas were strongly immunoreactive for SP. At 15 days, MCs remained scarce at sites where lung damage persisted, i.e. pyogranulomatous foci, but were increased in number in areas of interstitial damage. Pulmonary ganglion neurons were strongly immunoreactive for SP. By 45 days the fibrosing changes became more defined as pleural fibrosis, fibrosing alveolitis, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolitis obliterans. These lungs had increased numbers of MCs, but histamine content was not different from saline- and non-inoculated left lungs. Substance P immunoreactivity occurred only in nerves and was scarce and mild. This work demonstrates that MC density decreases initially with PP, but increases with progression of PP. SP fibres tend to be decreased during the initiation and at 45 days of PP, but other cells, such as macrophages and neuronal ganglion cells, produce substance P during progression of PP and thereby constitute an additional source of substance P. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA USA. ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit KAB, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 6 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1006/mpat.2000.0437 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 446ZR UT WOS:000169544500002 PM 11399139 ER PT J AU Clarke, KE Oldroyd, BP Javier, J Quezada-Euan, G Rinderer, TE AF Clarke, KE Oldroyd, BP Javier, J Quezada-Euan, G Rinderer, TE TI Origin of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from the Yucatan peninsula inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Africanized bee; Apis mellifera; gene flow; honeybee; hybridization; mitochondrial RFLP ID AFRICANIZED HONEYBEES; BEES; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; SPREAD; RFLPS AB Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) sampled at sites in Europe, Africa and South America were analysed using a mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker. These samples were used to provide baseline information for a detailed analysis of the process of Africanization of bees from the neotropical Yucatan peninsula of Mexico. Radical changes in mitochondrial haplotype (mitotype) frequencies were found to have occurred in the 13-year period studied. Prior to the arrival of Africanized bees (1986) the original inhabitants of the Yucatan peninsula appear to have been essentially of southeastern European origin with a smaller proportion having northwestern European ancestry. Three years after the migration of Africanized bees into the area (1989), only very low levels of maternal gene flow from Africanized populations into the resident European populations had occurred. By 1998, however, there was a sizeable increase in the proportion of African mitotypes in domestic populations (61%) with feral populations having 87% of mitotypes classified as African derived. The results suggest that the early stages of Africanization did not involve a rapid replacement of European with African mitotypes and that earlier studies probably overestimated the prevalence of African mitotypes. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Merida 97100, Yucatan, Mexico. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Clarke, KE (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NR 37 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1347 EP 1355 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01274.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 441JX UT WOS:000169228200001 PM 11412359 ER PT J AU Naess, SK Bradeen, JM Wielgus, SM Haberlach, GT McGrath, JM Helgeson, JP AF Naess, SK Bradeen, JM Wielgus, SM Haberlach, GT McGrath, JM Helgeson, JP TI Analysis of the introgression of Solanum bulbocastanum DNA into potato breeding lines SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE somatic hybrid; potato; Solanum bulbocastanum; RFLP; RAPD ID SOMATIC HYBRIDS; RFLP ANALYSIS; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; LATE BLIGHT; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; LINKAGE MAP; TUBEROSUM; TOMATO; MARKERS; BREVIDENS AB Somatic hybrids have been obtained between potato and Solanum bulbocastanum PI 245310, a Mexican diploid (2n=2x=24) species. Through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses it was found that the somatic hybrids contain each chromosome of the diploid parent and that the synteny of RFLP markers noted with tomato, potato and S. brevidens is largely maintained in S. bulbocastanum. RFLP analyses of BC I progeny of two different hybrids indicated that a substantial number of markers were either lost or were heterozygous, in marked contrast with results previously noted with S. brevidens. A RAPD map for all 12 chromosomes of S. bulbocastanum was prepared and marker transmission was followed in three BC2 populations. Results with chromosomes 3, 8 and 10 from these populations are compared. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Helgeson, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD JUN PY 2001 VL 265 IS 4 BP 694 EP 704 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 457AQ UT WOS:000170115300015 PM 11459190 ER PT J AU Kiss, L Cook, RTA Saenz, GS Cunnington, JH Takamatsu, S Pascoe, I Bardin, M Nicot, PC Sato, Y Rossman, Y AF Kiss, L Cook, RTA Saenz, GS Cunnington, JH Takamatsu, S Pascoe, I Bardin, M Nicot, PC Sato, Y Rossman, Y TI Identification of two powdery mildew fungi, Oidium neolycopersici sp nov and O-lycopersici, infecting tomato in different parts of the world SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ERYSIPHE SP; HOST-RANGE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; GREENHOUSE TOMATO; RIBOSOMAL DNA; MORPHOLOGY; RESISTANCE; LIMITS; LINES; PCR AB A world-wide study of the Oidium species causing economic damage on tomato has identified two taxa using classical morphological, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The material consisted of a total of 25 tomato powdery mildew isolates and 29 herbarium specimens coming from all continents where tomatoes are grown. A taxon with non-catenate conidia widespread in Europe, Africa. North and South America and Asia was identified as an O. subgen. Pseudoidium, species (teleomorph: Erysiphe sect. Erysiphe). Formerly mistaken for O. lycopersicum (or O. lycopersici), it is now recognised as a district species, O. neolycopersici sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) indicated that O. neolycopersici is closely related to Erysiphe macleayae, E. aquilegiae and other Pseudoidium species. Only a taxon with catenate conidia was found on Australian specimens. This was identified as a species of O. subgen. Reticuloidium (teleomorph: Golovinomyces sp.). Phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA ITS sequences showed that this species is closely related to O. longipes infecting eggplant. Because it is most likely to be the same species as the original O. lycopersicum, which was actually first described in Australia, this is here neotypified as O. lycopersici. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Minist Agr Fisheries & Food, Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RMIT Univ, Dept Appl Biol Biotechnol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. Mie Univ, Fac Bioresources, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. Inst Hort Dev, Melbourne, Vic 3176, Australia. INRA, Unite Pathol Vegetale, F-84143 Montfavet, France. Toyama Prefectural Univ, Coll Technol, Toyama 9390398, Japan. ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kiss, L (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, POB 102, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RI Bardin, Marc/A-2408-2009 NR 67 TC 82 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 105 BP 684 EP 697 DI 10.1017/S0953756201004105 PN 6 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 451YV UT WOS:000169831100007 ER PT J AU Raish, C McSweeney, A AF Raish, C McSweeney, A TI Livestock ranching and traditional culture in northern New Mexico SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Understanding the contribution and importance of small ranching operations to grazing permittees in northern New Mexico is crucial if land management conflicts and disputes are to be minimized. Much of the debate over federal lands used by grazing permittees seemingly occurs because federal land management agencies have not adequately emphasized and monitored the local sociocultural values and attitudes associated with land use and grazed lands. Thus, this article examines the role and importance of livestock ranching to the primarily Hispano grazing permittees on national forests in northern New Mexico, set within the historical and regional contexts of livestock ranching in the Southwest. The economic, social, and cultural contributions of grazing operations to maintaining traditional culture and ways of life are the focus of discussion while the problems and difficulties related to ranching on public land from the ranchers' point of view are also presented. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Los Pinos Guest Ranch, Terrero, NM USA. RP Raish, C (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 713 EP 730 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 487AQ UT WOS:000171851900010 ER PT J AU Wells, K AF Wells, K TI Toward knockout sheep SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT News Item ID CELLS C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wells, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 19 IS 6 BP 529 EP 530 DI 10.1038/89261 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 438YK UT WOS:000169081700023 PM 11385449 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Roberts, DP Chitwood, DJ Carta, LK Lumsden, RD Mao, WL AF Meyer, SLF Roberts, DP Chitwood, DJ Carta, LK Lumsden, RD Mao, WL TI Application of Burkholderia cepacia and Trichoderma virens, alone and in combinations, against Meloidogyne incognita on bell pepper SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE bacteria; biocontrol; Capsicum annuum; fungus; management; root knot nematode ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DAMPING-OFF; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; SEED TREATMENT; VERTICILLIUM-CHLAMYDOSPORIUM; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; TAKE-ALL; BIOCONTROL; FUSARIUM AB Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds and seedlings were treated with three potentially beneficial microbes, applied alone and in combinations, to compare effects of these formulations on root-knot nematode (,Meloidogyne incognita) populations and on plant growth in the greenhouse. Individual treatments (applied as seed coatings and seedling drenches) were formulations of Burkholderia cepacia strains Bc-2 and Bc-F, and of Trichoderma virens strain Gl-3. Combination treatments were BcF+Gl-3. Bc-2+Gl-3, Bc-F+Be-2, and Bc-F+Bc-2+Gl-3. At transplanting, pepper seedlings were each inoculated with 10 000;M. incognita eggs or left uninoculated, and harvested 10 weeks later. Nonviable microbe formulations of each individual strain were also applied; these were tested only on nematode-inoculated plants. No treatment consistently affected plant growth. Numbers of eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2) per g root were significantly lower with the Bc-2, Bc-F, and Gl-3 treatments than in the untreated controls, and highest with the nonviable Gl-3 treatment. This indicates that the viable preparations suppressed M. incognita numbers on pepper under the greenhouse test conditions. Importantly, the egg +J2 numbers recorded from combination treatments were not significantly different from untreated controls, suggesting that strain combinations decreased biocontrol effectiveness relative to applications of individual microbes. C1 ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 165B,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 7 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 2001 VL 31 IS 1 BP 75 EP 86 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 460TG UT WOS:000170324200009 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, PE Bago, B Shachar-Hill, Y AF Pfeffer, PE Bago, B Shachar-Hill, Y TI Exploring mycorrhizal function with NMR spectroscopy SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE arbuscular mycorrhizas; ectomycorrhizas; NMR; nuclear magnetic resonance; symbiosis ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FUNGUS GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; CARBON METABOLISM; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; CENOCOCCUM-GRANIFORME; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of mycorrhizal symbioses have illuminated a number of functional aspects of these complex associations. Here we review studies of the two main types of mycorrhiza (ectomycorrhizas and arbuscular mycorrhizas) to which NMR has been applied. Although the physiological questions addressed in each case are frequently the same, these two mutualistic symbioses are sufficiently different to justify separate discussion. In conjunction with isotopic labelling NMR is able to examine the transfer of substrates between the symbionts both in vivo and in vitro, as well as the production of secondary metabolites in response to colonization. In addition, this methodology is capable of determining the locations of the biosynthesis and translocations of storage compounds, such as polyphosphates, lipids and carbohydrates, in mycorrhizal fungi both in the free-living and in the symbiotic stages of their life cycle. NMR has been useful in analysing metabolism, transport and energetics, and the results of such studies have practical and ecological significance. Models of transport and physiology to which NMR has contributed form the necessary foundation for functional genomic exploration. (C) New Phytologist (2001). C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. CSIC, Estac Expt Zaidin, Dept Microbiol Suelo & Sistemas Simbiot, E-18008 Granada, Spain. RP Shachar-Hill, Y (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. EM yairhill@nmsu.edu RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013; Bago, Alberto/H-9683-2015 OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084; NR 51 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 150 IS 3 BP 543 EP 553 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00139.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 442VT UT WOS:000169306200007 ER PT J AU Thysell, DR Carey, AB AF Thysell, DR Carey, AB TI Quercus garryana communities in the Puget Trough, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORT-LEWIS; FIRE; CONSERVATION; PRAIRIES AB Among the legacies of the Vashon Glaciation are Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana), prairie, wetland, and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) communities arrayed in a mosaic in the Puget Sound Area (PSA). Much of this mosaic has been destroyed. The largest remaining portion is on Fort Lewis Military Reservation. We examined oak communities on Fort Lewis to assess encroachment by exotic plants and by Douglas-fir, to determine amounts of regeneration of oak and other tree species, and to compare oak community diversity with that of nearby Douglas-fir forests and glacial till prairies. For the 22 largest communities, we determined densities of trees, distributions of tree diameters and heights, amounts of regeneration for each tree species, evidence of exogenous disturbances, and covers of vascular understory species. For study sites, we calculated basal areas of tree species, richness and diversity of vascular plants, and percentages of species that were exotic. We constructed species accumulation curves for oak communities, Douglas-fir forests, and prairies. We performed Bray-Curtis and weighted averaging ordinations for 176 sampling plots from the 22 sites. Oak communities were typically more diverse than either, Douglas-fir forests or prairies and were transitional in species composition between them. However. oak communities contained numerous exotics, particularly Scot's broom (Cytisus scoparius) and colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris). Most oak communities contained large-diameter Douglas-firs and other tree species and appeared to be transforming to conifer or conifer/mixed hardwood forests. With succession, exotic species become less prevalent, but the extent and abundance of oaks is diminished. Maintenance of oak communities, and the PSA natural mosaic, may require tree-density management in oak stands, removal of Douglas-fir, development of replacement oak sites, prescribed burning, and mechanical suppression of exotics before burning. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Carey, AB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM acarcy@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 75 IS 3 BP 219 EP 235 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462UU UT WOS:000170438800004 ER PT J AU Bull, EL Torgersen, TR Wertz, TL AF Bull, EL Torgersen, TR Wertz, TL TI The importance of vegetation, insects, and neonate ungulates in black bear diet in northeastern Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALF MORTALITY AB Fecal samples were examined to estimate black bear (Ursus americanus) diet in northeastern Oregon during 1998 and 1999 to determine the important food items. Mean estimated relative volume of food items in 621 scats was 35% grasses, 24% insects, 16% fruit, 11% soil and wood, 10% animal remains, and 4% leaves and stems. During June, remains of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and elk (Cervus elaphus) occurred in 44% of the scats in 1998 and in 25% in 1999, at a time when other protein-rich food sources were unavailable. Between May and October, > 40% of all scats collected in each month contained insects, and 98% of those scats collected in July contained insects. A significantly higher volume of insects occurred in scats in 1999 compared to 1998, probably because berries were scarce in 1999. Of the 434 scats containing insects, 40% contained carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.), 45% other small ants (Lasius sp, Tapinoma sp., Aphaenogaster sp.), 36% forest ants (Formica spp.), and 23% yellowjackets (Vespula spp., Dolichovespula sp.). Because these ant species are all log-dwelling, management for coarse woody debris is an important consideration in maintaining this important food resource for black bears in northeastern Oregon. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Bull, EL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 26 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 75 IS 3 BP 244 EP 253 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462UU UT WOS:000170438800006 ER PT J AU Singsaas, EL Ort, DR DeLucia, EH AF Singsaas, EL Ort, DR DeLucia, EH TI Variation in measured values of photosynthetic quantum yield in ecophysiological studies SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE quantum yield; photosynthesis; O-2 evolution; CO2 assimilation; sun/shade ID LONG-TERM ELEVATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; CO2 CONCENTRATION; VASCULAR PLANTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; O-2 EVOLUTION; ELECTRON FLOW; C-4 PLANTS; LEAVES; LIGHT AB Photosynthetic efficiency is often quantified as the light-limited, maximum quantum yield in ecophysiological studies. Four published comparative studies report that photosynthetic efficiency varies little among plant species of widely diverse origins, and that quantum yields were near the maximum theoretically attainable value. However, many other published studies contradict this conclusion, reporting quantum yields as low as 30% of those found in the comparative studies. These studies have created the impression that certain plants, particularly wild plants growing outdoors, may have intrinsically low photosynthetic efficiencies. To investigate the validity of these differing interpretations, we compiled quantum yield data from a survey of 30 published studies and compared those with data from the two most comprehensive comparative quantum yield studies. We also included quantum yield observations that we made on ten species. While our data confirm the results of the comparative studies indicating that maxi mum quantum yield is high and invariant, the literature survey data showed a wide range of quantum yield. values. To investigate whether low quantum yield values could be caused by data collection and analysis techniques, we analyzed photosynthetic light-response data. Substantial underestimation of quantum yield could result from including in the calculation data extending beyond the linear region of the photosynthetic light response. In some cases quantum yield measurements can be influenced by changing levels of intercellular CO2 during measurements. We conclude that many quantum yield values reported in the literature are affected by one or more of these errors, and the intrinsic efficiency of photosynthesis is mostly invariant among C-3 plants. This emphasizes the importance of the measurement and data analysis protocols in obtaining accurate and reliable quantum yield data. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Singsaas, EL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, 9008 Biol Rd, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. NR 50 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2001 VL 128 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s004420000624 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447VE UT WOS:000169592500002 ER PT J AU Knipling, EB AF Knipling, EB TI Agricultural research in the USA: a model for the European Commission? SO OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB The concept of a common 'Area' for agricultural and food research among European nations is a topic that is both challenging and timely. The European Commission should be applauded for addressing the many complex issues associated with this concept as it strives to develop science and technology programmes, policies and investment strategies for the twenty-first century. The USA faces, in varying degrees, the same social, economic and technological forces that confront Europe. Political and funding changes, the role of farmers, and the direction and rising costs of agricultural research are common to both. Like the USA, Europe has a large number of research institutions spread across a large geographic area, many of which may be addressing similar research objectives. With these similarities in mind, the experiences, organizational structures and programme coordination mechanisms used by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) might serve as a model for the European Commission's future strategies. As a minimum, the Commission could benefit from adopting three essential elements of ARS's success: a common programme framework, a centralized facilitating or coordinating body, and a planning partnership between both scientists and stakeholders. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Knipling, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Room 302A,Jamie L Witten, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I P PUBLISHING LTD PI LONDON PA COLERIDGE HOUSE, 4-5 COLERIDGE GARDENS, LONDON NW6 3QH, ENGLAND SN 0030-7270 J9 OUTLOOK AGR JI Outlook Agric. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 443RY UT WOS:000169355200007 ER PT J AU Gamble, HR Pyburn, D Anderson, LA Miller, LE AF Gamble, HR Pyburn, D Anderson, LA Miller, LE TI Verification of good production practices that reduce the risk of exposure of pigs to Trichinella SO PARASITE-JOURNAL DE LA SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE PARASITOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE DE swine; food safety; Trichinae; rodent control ID TRICHINOSIS AB Control of Trichinella infection in swine has traditionally been accomplished by inspection of individual carcasses or by post-slaughter processing to inactivate parasites. Recent declines in prevalence of this parasite in domestic swine, coupled with improvements in swine management systems, offer the opportunity to document pork safety during the production phase. We report here on a certification pilot study using an audit to document good production practices for swine relative to the risk of exposure to trichinae. Based on the results, improvements in the program have been made and further studies will be undertaken prior to launching a voluntary trichinae herd certification program in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gamble, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRINCEPS EDITIONS PI ISSY MOULINEAUX PA 64 AVENUE CHARLES DE GAULLE, 92130 ISSY MOULINEAUX, FRANCE SN 1252-607X J9 PARASITE JI Parasite-J. Soc. Fr. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 SU S BP S233 EP S235 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 453LJ UT WOS:000169917100066 PM 11484365 ER PT J AU Patrascu, I Gamble, HR Sofronic-Milosavljevic, L Radulescu, R Andrei, A Ionescu, V Timoceanu, V Boireau, P Cuperlovic, K Djordjevic, M Murrell, KD Noeckler, K Pozio, E AF Patrascu, I Gamble, HR Sofronic-Milosavljevic, L Radulescu, R Andrei, A Ionescu, V Timoceanu, V Boireau, P Cuperlovic, K Djordjevic, M Murrell, KD Noeckler, K Pozio, E TI The lateral flow card test: An alternative method for the detection of Trichinella infection in swine SO PARASITE-JOURNAL DE LA SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE PARASITOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE DE serology; Trichinella ID PROTEINS AB A novel lateral flow cord (TS-Card pork) test was developed for the serological detection of Trichinella infected pigs. Based on extensive studies performed in Romania during 1999-2000 this test proved to be highly specific, sensitive, rapid (3-12 minutes) and easy to use (no need for laboratory facilities). It can be used both for the detection of Trichinella infection in carcasses and for epizootiological studies using a variety of samples including whole or dried blood, serum, or tissue fluids. The TS-Card pork test, used as a screening test, can be the foundation of an on-farm or field based inspection system to significantly improve food safety in countries with a high prevalence of Trichinella in pigs or other food animal species. The results presented are also promising for application of the test in on on-line laboratory based inspection system since the speed of the test allows sufficient time to rail out suspected hog carcasses during the slaughter process. C1 IARTE Int SRL, Bucharest 77713, Romania. USDA, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Appl Nucl Energy, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Minist Agr & Food Natl Sanit Vet Agcy, Inst Diagnosis & Anim Hlth, Bucharest, Romania. Directia Sanitaria Vet, Timisoara, Romania. BIPAR, UMR, Maisons Alfort, France. Inst Meat Hyg & Technol, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. BgVV, Berlin, Germany. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Patrascu, I (reprint author), IARTE Int SRL, Pascal Cristian 33, Bucharest 77713, Romania. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRINCEPS EDITIONS PI ISSY MOULINEAUX PA 64 AVENUE CHARLES DE GAULLE, 92130 ISSY MOULINEAUX, FRANCE SN 1252-607X J9 PARASITE JI Parasite-J. Soc. Fr. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 SU S BP S240 EP S242 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 453LJ UT WOS:000169917100068 PM 11484368 ER PT J AU Pozio, E Zarlenga, DS La Rosa, G AF Pozio, E Zarlenga, DS La Rosa, G TI The detection of encapsulated and non-encapsulated species of Trichinella suggests the existence of two evolutive lines in the genus SO PARASITE-JOURNAL DE LA SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE PARASITOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE DE Trichinella; encapsulated larvae; non-encapsulated larvae; evolution ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PSEUDOSPIRALIS; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK AB In recent years, the discovery of many non-encapsulated isolates of Trichinella, designated Trichinella pseudospiralis and the identification of a new non-encapsulated species, Trichinella papuae, has revealed that the biomass of the genus Trichinella does not only include the well known encapsulated species (T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, T. murrelli, and T. nelsoni) but also includes geographically disseminated, non-encapsulated species that represent important biological entities in the genus. larvae of the first stage (L-1) of both non-encapsulated and encapsulated species are able to penetrate the muscle cell and induce a dedifferentiation of this cell. But following this point in the parenteral cycle, non-encapsulated and encapsulated species diverge with respect to their developmental strategies where L-1 of encapsulated species are able to induce the nurse cell to synthesize collagen, unlike non-encapsulated larvae which do not induce collagen production. The presence or absence of a collagen capsule is of greet importance in the natural cycle of these parasites in that it allows the encapsulated larva to survive, to substantially longer periods of time and therefore remain infective even within putrefied muscle tissue. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USDA ARS, LPSI, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pozio, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCEPS EDITIONS PI ISSY MOULINEAUX PA 64 AVENUE CHARLES DE GAULLE, 92130 ISSY MOULINEAUX, FRANCE SN 1252-607X J9 PARASITE JI Parasite-J. Soc. Fr. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 SU S BP S27 EP S29 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 453LJ UT WOS:000169917100009 PM 11484376 ER PT J AU Sofronic-Milosavljevic, L Pozio, E Patrascu, IV Skerovic, N Morales, MAG Gamble, HR AF Sofronic-Milosavljevic, L Pozio, E Patrascu, IV Skerovic, N Morales, MAG Gamble, HR TI Immunodiagnosis of Trichinella infection in the horse SO PARASITE-JOURNAL DE LA SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE PARASITOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE DE horse; trichinellosis; epidemiology; serology; Romania ID TRICHINOSIS; SPIRALIS; LARVAE AB From 1998 to 2000, 5,267 horse sera were collected from several Trichinella regions in Romania. Sera were initially screened in laboratories in Romania, Serbia and Italy with an ELISA and a Western blot (Wb) using on excretory/secretory (ES) antigen and several conjugates (protein A, protein G, and sheep or goat anti-horse). Differences in serology results were obtained among the different conjugates and also between ELISA and Wb. Depending on the test used, specific antibodies were found at a prevalence rate of 3-6 % of horses. Serum samples classified as positive were tested again by ELISA using a synthetic tyvelose glycan-BSA antigen, in Italy. All serum samples tested using this antigen were negative; in contrast, serum samples from experimentally infected horses were positive with the glycan antigen. The negative results obtained with the glycan antigen are consistent with the low prevalence of horse trichinellosis reported in the literature. Based on these results, further studies are needed to validate immunodiagnostic tests to detect Trichinella infection in horses. C1 ENVA, AFSSA, INRA, UMR 956 BIPAR, F-94700 Maisons Alfort, France. Inst Applicat Nucl Energy, YU-11080 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. ARTE Int SRL, Bucharest 77713, Romania. USDA, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sofronic-Milosavljevic, L (reprint author), ENVA, AFSSA, INRA, UMR 956 BIPAR, 22 Rue Pierre Curie, F-94700 Maisons Alfort, France. RI GOMEZ MORALES, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES/O-2283-2015 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCEPS EDITIONS PI ISSY MOULINEAUX PA 64 AVENUE CHARLES DE GAULLE, 92130 ISSY MOULINEAUX, FRANCE SN 1252-607X J9 PARASITE JI Parasite-J. Soc. Fr. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 SU S BP S260 EP S262 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 453LJ UT WOS:000169917100074 PM 11484374 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Chute, MB Martin, A Kapel, CMO AF Zarlenga, DS Chute, MB Martin, A Kapel, CMO TI A single, multiplex PCR for differentiating all species of Trichinella SO PARASITE-JOURNAL DE LA SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE PARASITOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE DE diagnosis; PCR; multiplex; ribosomal DNA ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION AB The genus Trichinella is currently divided into seven species and at least three additional, unclassified genotypes, Trichinella T6, T8 and T9, where both T8 and T9 have been deemed very similar to T. britovi. Other than for the non-encapsulated species, the absence of distinguishing morphological characters and the overlapping nature of the biological characters within this genus make these traits unsuitable for diagnosis. Consequently, we have developed a simple PCR test for the unequivocal differentiation of all currently recognized species of Trichinella including Trichinella T6. DNA sequence data from each Trichinella genotype were generated from infernal transcribed spacers, ITS1 and ITS2, and from expansion segment V (ESV) of the rDNA repeat, from which five different PCR primer sets were chosen. When used simultaneously, this primer mix generates a simple and unique electrophoretic DNA banding pattern for each species and genotype. The ESV-derived primer set contributes at least one band to each agarose gel-derived genotypic pattern and therefore functions as an internal control for PCR integrity. Geographical isolates of each Trichinella genotype were used to verify the reliability and reproducibility of respective DNA banding patterns using single muscle larvae. C1 USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Kapel, Christian/G-9168-2014 OI Kapel, Christian/0000-0002-9539-457X NR 8 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCEPS EDITIONS PI ISSY MOULINEAUX PA 64 AVENUE CHARLES DE GAULLE, 92130 ISSY MOULINEAUX, FRANCE SN 1252-607X J9 PARASITE JI Parasite-J. Soc. Fr. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 SU S BP S24 EP S26 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 453LJ UT WOS:000169917100008 PM 11484367 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Lee, BH Choi, WS Park, BS Kim, JG Campbell, BC AF Lee, SE Lee, BH Choi, WS Park, BS Kim, JG Campbell, BC TI Fumigant toxicity of volatile natural products from Korean spices and medicinal plants towards the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sitophilus oryzae; rice weevil; fumigant toxicity; essential oils; Mentha arvensis; menthone; menthol; acetylcholinesterase inhibition ID ESSENTIAL OILS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; L COLEOPTERA; INHIBITION; INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE; INSECTS; CURCULIONIDAE; MONOTERPENE AB The fumigant toxicity of various volatile constituents of essential oils extracted from sixteen Korean spices and medicinal plants towards the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was determined. The most potent toxicity was found in the essential oil from Mentha arvensis L var piperascens (LC(50) = 45.5 mul litre(-1) air). GC-MS analysis of essential oil fi om M arvensis showed it to be rich in menthol (63.2%), menthone (13.1%) and limonene (1.5%), followed in abundance by beta -pinene (0.7%), alpha -pinene (0.6%) and Linalool (0.2%). Treatment of S oryzae with each 12.7 mul litre(-1) air) followed by linalool (LC(50) = 39.2 mul litre(-1) air) and alpha -pinene (LC(50) = 54.9 mul litre(-1) air). Studies on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity of S oryzae showed menthone to have a nine-fold lower inhibitory effect than menthol, despite menthone being 8.1-fold more toxic than menthol to the rice weevil. Different modes of toxicity of these monoterpenes towards S oryzae are discussed. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Platn Protect Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Life Sci, Chungnam 337745, South Korea. Korea Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Platn Protect Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sel@pw.usda.gov OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 37 TC 84 Z9 99 U1 6 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 57 IS 6 BP 548 EP 553 DI 10.1002/ps.322 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 435TX UT WOS:000168898200010 PM 11407032 ER PT J AU Burke, JJ AF Burke, JJ TI Identification of genetic diversity and mutations in higher plant acquired thermotolerance SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southern Section of ASPB CY MAR, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LA ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; WHEAT; COMPLEMENTS; ACQUISITION; TOLERANCE; SORGHUM AB Plants experience high air and soil temperatures during periods of drought and when fields receive limited irrigation. Elevated plant temperatures that occur under these conditions negatively impact plant health and productivity. Plants, like all organisms, respond to an elevation in temperature by the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSP). The appearance of plant HSP is strongly correlated to the development of a condition termed 'acquired thermotolerance'. Acquired thermotolerance is induced by pre-exposure to elevated but non-lethal temperatures and leads to enhanced protection of plant cells from subsequent heat induced injury. Although the correlation between the development of acquired thermotolerance and the appearance of HSP is strong, a cause-and-effect relationship between the two has been difficult to demonstrate. To understand the relationship between HSP and acquired thermotolerance, mutations would be required that result in a coordinate change in the expressions of HSP. This paper describes research efforts leading to the development of a screening procedure for the isolation and characterization of acquired thermotolerance mutants. This method for identifying mutants is based on the inhibition of chlorophyll accumulation in etiolated tissue following challenges at lethal temperatures and the prevention of this inhibition by pre-incubation at a non-lethal elevated temperature; i.e. acquired thermotolerance. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in varying levels of acquired thermotolerance have been identified from both the RLD and Columbia ecotypes and these mutants are currently undergoing a detailed characterization at both the protein and molecular levels. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Burke, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jburke@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 112 IS 2 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120203.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 438YB UT WOS:000169080900003 ER PT J AU Plank, DW Gengenbach, BG Gronwald, JW AF Plank, DW Gengenbach, BG Gronwald, JW TI Effect of iron on activity of soybean multi-subunit acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; BEEF-HEART ACONITASE; COA CARBOXYLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; A CARBOXYLASE; BIOTIN CARBOXYLASE; ARYLOXYPHENOXYPROPIONATE HERBICIDES; CARBOXYLTRANSFERASE SUBUNITS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB Multi-subunit acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (MS-ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2) isolated from soybean chloroplasts is a labile enzyme that loses activity during purification. We found that incubating the chloroplast stromal fraction under anaerobic conditions or in the presence of 5 mM FeSO4 stimulated ACCase (acetyl-CoA --> malonyl-CoA) and carboxyltransferase (malonyl-CoA --> acetyl-CoA) activity. Fe-stimulation of activity was associated with Fe-59 binding to a stromal protein fraction. ACCase and carboxyltransferase activities measured in the stromal protein fraction containing bound Fe-59 were 2-fold and 6-fold greater, respectively, than the control (stromal fraction not pretreated with FeSO4). Superose 6 gel filtration chromatography indicated Fe-59 comigrated with stromal protein of approximately 180 kDa that exhibited carboxyltransferase activity, but lacked ACCase activity. Anion exchange (Mono-Q) chromatography of the Superose 6 fraction yielded a protein peak that was enriched in carboxyltransferase activity and contained protein-bound Fe-59. Denaturing gels of the Mono-Q fraction indicated that the 180-kDa protein was composed of a 56-kDa subunit that was bound by an antibody raised against a synthetic beta -carboxyltransferase (beta -CTase) peptide. Incubation of the Mono-Q carboxyltransferase fraction with increasing concentrations of iron at a fixed substrate concentration resulted in increased initial velocities that fit well to a single rectangular three parameter hyperbola (v = v(o) + V-max[FeSO4]/K-m + [FeSO4]) consistent with iron functioning as a bound activator of catalysis. UV/Vis spectroscopy of the partially purified fraction before and after iron incubation yielded spectra consistent with a protein-bound metal cluster. These results suggest that the beta -CTase subunit of MS-ACCase in soybean chloroplasts is an iron-containing enzyme, which may in part explain its labile nature. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 112 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120206.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 438YB UT WOS:000169080900006 ER PT J AU Press, CM Loper, JE Kloepper, JW AF Press, CM Loper, JE Kloepper, JW TI Role of iron in rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance of cucumber SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE systemic acquired resistance ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS STRAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; FUSARIUM-WILT; SIDEROPHORE BIOSYNTHESIS; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AERUGINOSA 7NSK2; GENE-CLUSTER; ENTEROBACTIN AB Seed treatment with the rhizosphere bacterium Serratia marcescens strain 90-166 suppressed anthracnose of cucumber, caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare, through induced systemic resistance (ISR). When the iron concentration of a planting mix was decreased by addition of an iron chelator, suppression of cucumber anthracnose by strain 90-166 was significantly improved. Strain 90-166 produced 465 +/- 70 mg/liter of catechol siderophore, as determined by the Rioux assay in deferrated King's medium B. The hypothesis that a catechol siderophore produced by strain 90-166 may be responsible for induction of systemic resistance by this strain was tested by evaluating disease suppression by a mini-Tn5-phoA mutant deficient in siderophore production. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA flanking the mini-Tn5-phoA insertion identified the target gene as entA, which encodes an enzyme in the catechol siderophore biosynthetic pathways of several bacteria. Severity of anthracnose of cucumbers treated with the entA mutant was not significantly different (P = 0.05) from the control, whereas plants treated with wild-type 90-166 had significantly less disease (P = 0.05) than the control. Total (internal and external) population sizes of 90-166 and the entA mutant on roots did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) at any sample time, whereas internal population sizes of the entA mutant were significantly lower (P = 0.05) than those of the wild-type strain at two sampling times. These data suggest that catechol siderophore biosynthesis genes in Serratia marcescens 90-166 are associated with ISR but that this role may be indirect via a reduction in internal root populations. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Press, CM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2001 VL 91 IS 6 BP 593 EP 598 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.6.593 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 439LK UT WOS:000169118200011 PM 18943949 ER PT J AU Qin, XT Miranda, VS Machado, MA Lemos, EGM Hartung, JS AF Qin, XT Miranda, VS Machado, MA Lemos, EGM Hartung, JS TI An evaluation of the genetic diversity of Xylella fastidiosa isolated from diseased citrus and coffee in Sao Paulo, Brazil SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; LIMITED BACTERIUM; PIERCES-DISEASE; AXENIC CULTURE; PCR DATA; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; SEQUENCES; VECTORS AB Strains of Xylella fastidiosa, isolated from sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis) and coffee trees (Coffea arabica) with symptoms of citrus variegated chlorosis and Requeima do Cafe, respectively, were indistinguish able based on repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR assays. These strains were also indistinguishable with a previously described PCR assay that distinguished the citrus strains from all other strains of Xylella fastidiosa. Because we were not able to document any genomic diversity in our collection of Xylella fastidiosa strains isolated from diseased citrus, the observed gradient of increasing disease severity from southern to northern regions of Sao Paulo State is unlikely due to the presence of significantly different strains of the pathogen in the different regions. When comparisons were made to reference strains of Xylella fastidiosa isolated from other hosts using these methods, four groups were consistently identified consistent with the hosts and regions from which the strains originated: citrus and coffee, grapevine and almond, mulberry, and elm, plum, and oak. Independent results from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR assays were also consistent with these results; however, two of the primers tested in RAPD-PCR were able to distinguish the coffee and citrus strains. Sequence comparisons of a PCR product amplified from all strains of Xylella fastidiosa confirmed the presence of a CfoI polymorphism that can be used to distinguish the citrus strains from all others. The ability to distinguish Xylella fastidiosa strains from citrus and coffee with a PCR-based assay will be useful in epidemiological and etiological studies of this pathogen. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI LEMOS, ELIANA/A-3604-2008; Machado, Marcos/G-3582-2012 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2001 VL 91 IS 6 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.6.599 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 439LK UT WOS:000169118200012 PM 18943950 ER PT J AU Rillig, MC Wright, SF Nichols, KA Schmidt, WF Torn, MS AF Rillig, MC Wright, SF Nichols, KA Schmidt, WF Torn, MS TI Large contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to soil carbon pools in tropical forest soils SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE glomalin; microbial biomass; soil carbon; soil chronosequence; hyphae ID ECOSYSTEM; HYPHAE; ACCUMULATION; COLONIZATION; ASSOCIATIONS; EXTRACTION; FRACTIONS; DYNAMICS; GLOMALIN; ECONOMY AB The origins and composition of soil organic matter (SOM) are still largely uncertain. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are recognized as indirect contributors through their influence on soil aggregation, plant physiology, and plant community composition. Here we present evidence that AMF can also make large, direct contributions to SOM. Glomalin, a recently discovered glycoprotein produced by AMF hyphae, was detected in tropical soils in concentrations of over 60 mg cm(-3). Along a chronosequence of soils spanning ages from 300 to 4.1 Mio years, a pattern of glomalin concentrations is consistent with the hypothesis that this protein accumulates in soil. Carbon dating of glomalin indicated turnover at time scales of several years to decades, much longer than the turnover of AMF hyphae (which is assumed to be on the order of days to weeks). This suggests that contributions of mycorrhizae to soil carbon storage based on hyphal biomass in soil and roots may be an underestimate. The amount of C and N in glomalin represented a sizeable amount (ca. 4-5%) of total soil C and N in the oldest soils. Our results thus indicate that microbial (fungal) carbon that is not derived from above- or below-ground litter can make a significant contribution to soil carbon and nitrogen pools and can far exceed the contributions of soil microbial biomass (ranging from 0.08 to 0.2% of total C for the oldest soils). C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rillig, MC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, HS 104, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Rillig, Matthias/B-3675-2009; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Rillig, Matthias/0000-0003-3541-7853; NR 39 TC 219 Z9 261 U1 14 U2 144 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2001 VL 233 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1023/A:1010364221169 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 448UB UT WOS:000169647400003 ER PT J AU Cantrell, IC Linderman, RG AF Cantrell, IC Linderman, RG TI Preinoculation of lettuce and onion with VA mycorrhizal fungi reduces deleterious effects of soil salinity SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE lettuce; onion; salinity amelioration; salt tolerance; sodium chloride vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL; SALT TOLERANCE; IMPROVED GROWTH; TOMATO; STRESS; PHOSPHORUS; INFECTION; NACL; NUTRITION; SEAWATER AB The hypothesis that inoculation of transplants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi before planting into saline soils alleviates salt effects on growth and yield was tested on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and onion ( Allium cepa L.). A second hypothesis was that fungi isolated from saline soil are more effective in counteracting salt effects than those from nonsaline soil. VAM fungi from high- and low-salt soils were trap-cultured, their propagules quantified and adjusted to a like number, and added to a pasteurized soil mix in which seedlings were grown for 3-4 weeks. Once the seedlings were colonized by VAM fungi, they were transplanted into salinized (NaCl) soil. Preinoculated lettuce transplants grown for 11 weeks in the saline soils had greater shoot mass compared with nonVAM plants at all salt levels [2 (control), 4, 8 and 12 dS m(-1)] tested. Leaves of VAM lettuce at the highest salt level were significantly greener (more chlorophyll) than those of the nonVAM lettuce. NonVAM onions were stunted due to P deficiency in the soil, but inoculation with VAM fungi alleviated P deficiency and salinity effects; VAM onions were significantly larger at all salt levels than nonVAM onions. In a separate experiment, addition of P to salinized soil reduced the salt stress effect on nonVAM onions but to a lesser extent than by VAM inoculation. VAM fungi from the saline soil were not more effective in reducing growth inhibition by salt than those from the nonsaline site. Colonization of roots and length of soil hyphae produced by the VAM fungi decreased with increasing soil salt concentration. Results indicate that preinoculation of transplants with VAM fungi can help alleviate deleterious effects of saline soils on crop yield. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Linderman, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM lindermr@bcc.orst.edu NR 49 TC 107 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2001 VL 233 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1023/A:1010564013601 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 448UB UT WOS:000169647400013 ER PT J AU Babu, RC Shashidhar, HE Lilley, JM Thanh, ND Ray, JD Sadasivam, S Sarkarung, S O'Toole, JC Nguyen, HT AF Babu, RC Shashidhar, HE Lilley, JM Thanh, ND Ray, JD Sadasivam, S Sarkarung, S O'Toole, JC Nguyen, HT TI Variation in root penetration ability, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among accessions of rice adapted to rainfed lowland and upland ecosystems SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; drought resistance; dehydration tolerance; osmotic adjustment; root penetration index ID DROUGHT RESISTANCE AB Drought is the major constraint limiting rainfed rice production. The ability or rice roots so penetrate compacted soils and therefore so increase water extraction capacity, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance of leaves enables the plans to tolerate drought. Experiments were conducted to determine the extent of genetic variation in root penetration index, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among indica accessions adapted to rainfed lowlands as well as traditional varieties from rainfed uplands. Root penetration index was evaluated in a system using wax-petrolatum layers to simulate soil compaction. Osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance were studied under slow development of water stress. Substantial genetic variation was found for root penetration index. osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among indica ecotypes from lowlands, and the study of several traditional varieties from uplands showed variation in root penetration index and related root traits. An indica accession. IR58821-23-B-1-2-1 had a high root penetration index of 0.38. The accessions, IR61079-33-1-2-2-3. IR62266-42-6-2 and IR63919-38-B-1 had high osmotic adjustment capacities (1.91. 1.90 and 1.78 MPa. respectively); IR61079-33-1-2-2-3 also had high dehydration tolerance. Good osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance were associated with poor root system. The traditional varieties -Kallurundaikar' and 'Norungan' had higher root penetration indices (0.46 and 0.43. respectively). than even the japonica accessions. The study identified indica accessions and traditional varieties with superior root- and shoot-related drought resistance traits that could be used in breeding for drought resistance in rice. In rice. C1 Univ Agr Sci Bangalore, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. CSIRO, Div Trop Crops & Pastures, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. Inst Biotechnol, Plant Cell Genet Lab, Hanoi, Vietnam. USDA ARS, Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL USA. IRRI Thailand Off, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Rockefeller Fdn, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Plant Mol Genet Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Ctr Plant Mol Biol, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Plant Mol Genet Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Nguyen, HT (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Plant Mol Genet Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Lilley, Julianne/A-1399-2010 NR 20 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 120 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0523.2001.00578.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 449AP UT WOS:000169662400008 ER PT J AU Joung, YH Roh, MS Kamo, K Song, JS AF Joung, YH Roh, MS Kamo, K Song, JS TI Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Campanula glomerata SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 and; LBA4404; bellflower; ipt gene; nptII gene; uidA gene ID ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE GENE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ROOT CULTURES; CYTOKININ; TUMEFACIENS; MICROPROPAGATION; ISOPHYLLA; REGION; MARKER; DNA AB A transformation system for Campanula glomerata 'Acaulis' based on the co-cultivation of leaf explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 or EHA105 was developed. A. tumefaciens was eliminated when the explants were cultured on medium containing 400 mg/l vancomycin and 100 mg/l cefotaxime. Transgenic plants containing the uidA gene that codes for beta -glucuronidase (gus) were obtained following co-cultivation with either strain of A. tumefaciens, LBA4404 or EHA105, both of which harbored the binary vector pGUSINT, coding for the uidA and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) genes. While the transformation frequency (2-3%) was similar for both strains, A. tumefaciens LBA4404 was effectively eliminated from Campanula at a lower concentration of antibiotic as compared to EHA105. The concentration of individual antibiotics required to eliminate EHA105 resulted in a decreased rate (55-67%) of regeneration. The highest percentage of explants that regenerated plants (79%) and the highest regeneration rate was achieved with 100 mg/l cefotaxime combined with 400 mg/l vancomycin. Plants were also transformed with the isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene using LBA4404 containing the 35S-ipt vector construct (pBC34). C1 USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rural Dev Adm, Natl Hort Res Inst, New Ornamental Plants Res Lab, Suwon, South Korea. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, B-010A Room 238,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 457DK UT WOS:000170121700003 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Ingersoll, J Owens, L Salih, S Meng, R Hammerschlag, F AF Liu, Q Ingersoll, J Owens, L Salih, S Meng, R Hammerschlag, F TI Response of transgenic Royal Gala apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) shoots carrying a modified cecropin MB39 gene, to Erwinia amylovora SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; fire blight; flow cytometry; gene transfer; tetraploid ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; CONFERS ENHANCED RESISTANCE; SYRINGAE PV TABACI; DISEASE RESISTANCE; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; POTATO PLANTS; LEAF EXPLANTS; EXPRESSION; TOBACCO; PROTEIN AB Transgenic Royal Gala apple (Malus x dometica Borkh.) shoots were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer using a binary plasmid vector pGV with T-DNA encoding MB39, a modified cecropin SB37 gene, joined to a secretory coding sequence from barley a-amylase and placed under the control of wound-inducible osmotin promoter from tobacco. Th integration of the cecropin MB39 gene. into apple wa confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Seven independent transgenic lines were, recovered from a total of 402 inoculated explants, with a transformation efficiency of 1.7%. Both non-transgenic and transgenic tetraploid plants were produced by treating leaf explants with colchicine at 25 mg l(-1). Polyploidy was confirmed by flow cytometry. Three of the seven diploid transgenics were significantly more resistant to Erwinia amylovora than the non-transformed Royal Gala control and, in one case a tetraploid transgenic line was significantly more resistant than the diploid shoot from which it was derived. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Physiol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Hammerschlag, F (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Physiol, BARC-W,Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 50 TC 30 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 306 EP 312 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 457DK UT WOS:000170121700006 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Vaughn, SF AF Tisserat, B Vaughn, SF TI Essential oils enhanced by ultra-high carbon dioxide levels from Lamiaceae species grown in vitro and in vivo SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE CO2 enrichment; rooting; shooting; limonene; piperitenone oxide ID IN-VITRO; ELEVATED CO2; SECONDARY METABOLITES; LIGHT; ENRICHMENT; CULTURE AB The growth (fresh weight), morphogenesis (leaves, roots and shoots) and essential oil composition of mint (Mentha sp. L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) plants were determined after 8 weeks under 350, 1,500, 3,000, 10,000 and 30,000 pmol mol(-1) CO2. Plants were grown in vitro on basal medium (BM) consisting of Murashige and Skoog salts and 0.8% agar that contained either 0 or 3% sucrose under a 16-h (day)/8-h (night) photoperiod at a light intensity of 180 mu mol s(-1) m(-2) or in soil in a greenhouse under conditions of natural sunlight. Ultra-high CO2 levels (i.e., greater than or equal to3,000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2) substantially increased fresh weights, leaves, shoots and roots for all plants compared to plants grown under ambient air (350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2) both in vivo and in vitro. For both species, 10,000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 was the optimum concentration to obtain the largest growth and morphogenesis responses under in vitro conditions, while the 3,000- to 101000-mu mol mol(-1) CO2 range provided the largest yields for soil-grown plants. Essential oil composition (i.e. monoterpenes, piperitonone oxide and limonene from mint and aromatic phenol and thymol from thyme) from the shoot portion of plants grown at all CO2 levels was analyzed in CH2Cl2 extracts via gas chromatography. Higher levels of secondary compounds occurred in vitro when cultures were grown under ultrahigh CO2 levels than in ambient air. The concentration of thymol, a major secondary compound in thyme plants grown on BM containing sucrose, was 317-fold higher at 10,000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 than in plants grown under ambient air conditions with the same BM. The levels of secondary compound in in-vitro-grown plantlets exposed to ultra-high CO2 concentrations exceeded those occurring in plants grown in the greenhouse under the same CO2 levels. Substantially higher levels of secondary compound occurred in plants under ultra-high CO2 levels on BM containing sucrose than on BM lacking sucrose or in soil. Thymol levels in thyme plants grown on BM containing sucrose were 3.9-fold higher at 10,000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 than in shoots grown on BM without sucrose under the same CO2 levels. High positive correlations occurred between thymol concentrations and CO2 levels, fresh weights, shoots, roots and leaves when thyme shoots were grown on BM with sucrose. High positive correlations for thyme shoots grown on BM without sucrose only occurred between thymol concentrations and CO2 levels, fresh weights, shoots and leaves. No positive correlations between thymol concentrations and CO2 levels or any growth or morphogenesis responses occurred for thyme shoots when grown in soil. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 361 EP 368 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 457DK UT WOS:000170121700015 ER PT J AU Lopes, SA Damann, KE Hoy, JW Grisham, MP AF Lopes, SA Damann, KE Hoy, JW Grisham, MP TI Infectivity titration for assessing resistance to leaf scald among sugarcane cultivars SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Saccharum ID XANTHOMONAS-ALBILINEANS; DISEASE; LOUISIANA AB Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine potential of infectivity titration to evaluate resistance of sugarcane to leaf scald disease caused by Xanthomonas albilineans. In two experiments, single-bud cuttings were inoculated with suspensions containing 10(1), 10(5), or 10(8) CFU/ml of X. albilineans. The occurrence of symptoms was recorded every 15 days from 45 to 210 days after inoculation. At the final evaluation date, leaf vascular sap was plated onto selective medium to detect latent infections. ED50 (log(10) of the bacterial concentration required to infect 50% of inoculated plants) was estimated for each cultivar based on probit analysis of cumulative infection frequency. Frequency of infected plants varied among inoculum doses and cultivars and resulted in ED50 values ranging from 3.0 to 12.3 and 3.1 to 9.8 in the first and second experiments, respectively. Good agreement between experiments was observed for ED50 values of individual cultivars. Differences in ED50 among cultivars agreed with field observations of natural disease incidence. Cultivar responses to leaf scald were compared based on the cumulative frequencies of death and recovery in symptomatic plants, and the frequencies of symptomatic plants observed at different evaluation dates for plants inoculated with 10(8)CFU/ml of X. albilineans. Good agreement between ED50 values and these responses was observed. Greenhouse inoculation tests using infectivity titration or just one inoculum concentration could provide an alternative to field tests for the assessment of sugarcane resistance to leaf scald. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Ribeirao Preto, Unidade Biotecnol, BR-14096380 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70361 USA. RP Damann, KE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Lopes, Silvio/L-8100-2016 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 85 IS 6 BP 592 EP 596 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.6.592 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 433UE UT WOS:000168777500005 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT Schrandt, JK AF Lewellen, RT Schrandt, JK TI Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in sugar beet derived from Beta vulgaris subsp maritima SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE beet; Erysiphe betae; germ plasm enhancement; prebreeding ID REGISTRATION AB Powdery mildew of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), caused by Erysiphe polygoni, was introduced into North American in 1974. Since then, chemical control has been needed. Moderate resistance of a slow-mildewing type is known and has been used commercially High resistance wall identified recently in B. vulgaris subsp. maritima accessions WB97 and WB242 and has been backcrossed into sugar beet breeding lines. These enhanced lines were used as sources of powdery mildew resistance to determine the inheritance of resistance. Analyses of segregating testcross families showed that resistance from both sources is inherited as a single, dominant, major gene. The gene symbol Pm is proposed for the resistant allele. The allelism of the resistance from the two wild beet sources was not determined. Pm conditions a high level of resistance, but disease developed on matured leaves late in the season. This late development of mildew on lines and the slow-mildewing trait in susceptible, recurrent lines tended to obfuscate discrete disease ratings. C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 85 IS 6 BP 627 EP 631 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.6.627 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 433UE UT WOS:000168777500012 ER PT J AU Palou, L Smilanick, JL Crisosto, CH Mansour, M AF Palou, L Smilanick, JL Crisosto, CH Mansour, M TI Effect of gaseous ozone exposure on the development of green and blue molds on cold stored citrus fruit SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE postharvest decay ID DECAY CONTROL; POSTHARVEST AB The effects of gaseous ozone exposure on in vitro growth of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum and development of postharvest green and blue molds on artificially inoculated citrus fruit were evaluated. Valencia oranges were continuously exposed to 0.3 +/- 0.05 ppm (vol/vol) ozone at 5 degreesC for 4 weeks. Eureka lemons were exposed to an intermittent day-night ozone cycle (0.3 +/- 0.01 ppm ozone only at night) in a commercial cold storage room at 4.5 degreesC for 9 weeks. Both oranges and lemons were continuously exposed to 1.0 +/- 0.05 ppm ozone at 10 degreesC in an export container for 2 weeks. Exposure to ozone did not reduce final incidence of green or blue mold, although incidence of both diseases was delayed about 1 week and infections developed more slowly under ozone. Sporulation was prevented or reduced by gaseous ozone without noticeable ozone phytotoxicity to the fruit. A synergistic effect between ozone exposure and low temperature was observed for prevention of sporulation. The proliferation of spores of fungicide-resistant strains of these pathogens, which often develop during storage, may be delayed, presumably prolonging the useful life of postharvest fungicides. In vitro radial growth of P. italicum, but not of P. digitatum, during a 5-day incubation period at 20 degreesC was significantly reduced by a previous 0.3 +/- 0.05 ppm ozone exposure at 5 degreesC for 4 days. Inoculum density did not influence the effect of gaseous ozone on decay incidence or severity on oranges exposed to 0.3 +/- 0.05 ppm ozone at 20 degreesC for 1 week. Susceptibility of oranges to decay was not affected by a previous continuous exposure to 0.3 +/- 0.05 ppm ozone at 20 degreesC for 1 week. A corona discharge ozone generator was effective in abating ethylene in an empty export container. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Menoufia Univ, Coll Agr, Shebin El Kom, Egypt. RP Palou, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Kearney Agr Ctr, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RI Palou, Lluis/C-9066-2012 OI Palou, Lluis/0000-0002-9385-6814 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 85 IS 6 BP 632 EP 638 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.6.632 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 433UE UT WOS:000168777500013 ER PT J AU Keinath, AP Farnham, MW AF Keinath, AP Farnham, MW TI Effect of wirestem severity on survival and head production of transplanted broccoli and cabbage SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; INOCULUM; GROWTH AB Field experiments were conducted with transplants of Brassica oleracea with known severity levels of wirestem caused by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 4. Seedlings of broccoli and cabbage were grown in steamed soil infested with R. solani at 5 to 25 sclerotia/kg. Two weeks after inoculation, plants were separated into five severity classes based on wirestem symptoms, then transplanted into fumigated field plots in the spring and fall of 1995. The percentage of plants with and without aboveground symptoms was assessed at 14 and 42 days after transplanting. Marketable-sized heads were harvested eight times. In both seasons, percentages of symptomless plants, surviving (symptomless plus symptomatic) plants, and plants producing a marketable-sized head decreased as wirestem severity increased. Only 33 and 29% of cabbage transplants with >75% of the stem circumference girdled survived and produced a marketable head. respectively, compared with 95 and 83% of healthy transplants, respectively. For broccoli, only 15% of transplants with girdled stems survived and produced heads in spring but, in the fall, 74 and 72% of transplants with girdled stems survived and produced heads, respectively. Percentage of plants producing a marketable-sized head was highly correlated (P = 0.0001) with percentage of symptomless plants at 14 days after transplanting and percentage of surviving plants at 42 days after transplanting. C1 Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Keinath, AP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 85 IS 6 BP 639 EP 643 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.6.639 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 433UE UT WOS:000168777500014 ER PT J AU Biggs, AR Miller, SS AF Biggs, AR Miller, SS TI Relative susceptibility of selected apple cultivars to Colletotrichum acutatum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE bitter rot AB Eighteen apple cultivars were tested in the field and laboratory for their relative susceptibility to one of the bitter rot pathogens, Colletotrichum acutatum. Fruit were inoculated in the field at 3 to 4 weeks preharvest with cheesecloth strips soaked in a conidia suspension. in the laboratory, detached fruit were inoculated using a conidia suspension in capped, sterile microcentrifuge tubes attached to the fruit surface with modeling clay. The same fruit as above also were inoculated over a wound on the side opposite the nonwounded inoculation. Fruit were tested for relative susceptibility to the fungus with five criteria: disease incidence and severity of attached fruit in the field, disease incidence and severity of detached fruit in laboratory inoculations of nonwounded fruit, and disease severity in laboratory inoculations of wounded fruit. Relative cultivar ranks from field tests were not reproducible in the 2 years studied, whereas laboratory tests showed moderate reproducibility with nonparametric rank correlation tests. Based on the laboratory data from 2 years of study, cultivars were classified into four relative-susceptibility groups: most susceptible: Pristine, Honeycrisp, and Ginger Gold; highly susceptible Yataka, Sansa, Arlet, and Enterprise; moderately susceptible: Sunrise, Golden Supreme, PioneerMac, GoldRush, Golden Delicious, and Creston; and least susceptible: Fuji. Compared to previous cultivar rankings, the results of the present study indicate that new apple cultivars from the first NE-183 planting show no improvement in resistance to C. acutatum. C1 W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Biggs, AR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, POB 609, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 85 IS 6 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.6.657 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 433UE UT WOS:000168777500017 ER PT J AU Sangtong, V Mottl, EC Long, MJ Lee, M Scott, MP AF Sangtong, V Mottl, EC Long, MJ Lee, M Scott, MP TI Serial extraction of endosperm drillings (SEED) - A method for detecting transgenes and proteins in single viable maize kernels SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE ELISA; gene expression; PCR; transgene; Zea mays L. ID GENOME AB We have developed a method for detecting a transgene and its protein product in maize endosperm that allows the kernel to be germinated after analysis. This technique could be highly useful for several monocots and dicots. Our method involves first sampling the endosperm with a hand-held rotary grinder so that the embryo is preserved and capable of germination. This tissue is then serially extracted, first with SDS-PAGE sample buffer to extract proteins, then with an aqueous buffer to extract DNA. The product of the transgene can be detected in the first extract by SDS-PAGE with visualization by total protein staining or immune-blot detection. The second extract can be purified and used as template DNA in PCR reactions to detect the transgene. This method is particularly useful for screening transgenic kernels in breeding experiments and testing for gene silencing in kernels. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, 1407 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT SOC PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEMISTRY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 19 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF02772157 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 447WX UT WOS:000169596400006 ER PT J AU Johnson, SA McCormick, S AF Johnson, SA McCormick, S TI Pollen germinates precociously in the anthers of raring-to-go, an Arabidopsis gametophytic mutant SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCOLPATE ANGIOSPERM POLLEN; TUBE GROWTH; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; CELL-INTERACTIONS; THALIANA; MUTATION; POLLINATION; GENES; WALL AB Pollen hydration is usually tightly regulated and occurs in vivo only when desiccated pollen grains acquire water from the female, thus enabling pollen tube growth. Pollen tubes are easily visualized by staining with decolorized aniline blue, a stain specific for callose. We identified a mutant, raring-to-go, in which pollen grains stained for callose before anther dehiscence. When raring-to-go plants are transferred to high humidity, pollen tubes dramatically elongate within the anther. As early as the bicellular stage, affected pollen grains in raring-to-go plants acquire or retain water within the anther, and precociously germinate. Thus, the requirement for contact with the female is circumvented. We used pollen tetrad analysis to show that raring-to-go is a gametophytic mutation, to our knowledge the first gametophytic mutation in Arabidopsis that affects early events in the pollination pathway. To aid in identifying raring-to-go alleles, we devised a new technique for screening pollen in bulk with decolorized aniline blue. We screened a new M, mutagenized population and identified several additional mutants with a raring-to-go-like phenotype, demonstrating the usefulness of this technique. Further, we isolated other mutants (gift- wrapped pollen, polka dot pollen, and emotionally fragile pollen) with unexpected patterns of callose staining. We suggest that raring-to-go and these other mutants may help dissect components of the pathway that regulates pollen hydration and pollen tube growth. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94720 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94720 USA. NR 43 TC 60 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 126 IS 2 BP 685 EP 695 DI 10.1104/pp.126.2.685 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 442QT UT WOS:000169297000025 PM 11402197 ER PT J AU Acuna, IA Strobel, GA Jacobsen, BJ Corsini, DL AF Acuna, IA Strobel, GA Jacobsen, BJ Corsini, DL TI Glucosylation as a mechanism of resistance to thaxtomin A in potatoes SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; phytotoxin; potato common scab; Streptomyces scabies ID STREPTOMYCES-SCABIES; GLUCOSE-CONJUGATION; A PRODUCTION; COMMON SCAB; IN-VITRO; PATHOGENICITY; DETOXIFICATION; PHYTOTOXINS; METABOLISM; DISEASE AB Glucosylation of thaxtomin A by Streptomyces scabies occurs in vitro. The glucose conjugate of thaxtomin A (TA) from bacterial extracts was isolated and characterized as thaxtomin A-beta -di-O-glucoside (TAG). On a specific activity basis, TAG was six times less toxic than TA in potato tuber slice tests. Evidence for glucosylation of TA in S. scabies includes electrospray mass spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, chromatographic data, and the unequivocal demonstration of the presence of glucose in the putative TAG after acid hydrolysis and GC-MS analysis. C-14-thaxtomin A was produced by amending 6 day old cultures of S. scabies in oat meal broth with L-phenylalanine-UL-C-14. The scab-resistant cultivar Nooksack and resistant selections of Ranger self-cross treated with C-14-TA produced a higher amount of a radioactive metabolite with an R-f value similar to TAG than the susceptible cultivar Ranger. Furthermore, there was almost twice as much glucose transferase on a specific activity basis in resistant than in susceptible potato cultivars and selections. Glucosylation appears to be a mechanism of TA detoxification in potato and is related to scab resistance and susceptibility in potato. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Jacobsen, BJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, POB 173150, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 161 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00397-1 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 442RG UT WOS:000169298300009 ER PT J AU St Lawrence, S Willett, JL Carriere, CJ AF St Lawrence, S Willett, JL Carriere, CJ TI Effect of moisture on the tensile properties of poly(hydroxy ester ether) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE poly(hydroxy ester ether); moisture content; tensile properties ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMOPLASTIC STARCH; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; BLENDS AB The effects of moisture and strain rate on the tensile properties of poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE) were investigated. Water was shown to act as a plasticiser which lowered the room temperature tensile strength and modulus. The strain at failure increased with increasing water content and a change in the mode of failure was observed. Brittle failure occurred when the moisture content was low. As the sorbed water content increased, the samples necked and extensive plastic deformation resulted. The samples deformed in a quasi-homogeneous manner at testing temperatures close to the glass transition temperature. The yield stress decreased with moisture content and increased with strain rate. For samples which deformed in a ductile manner, the variation in the yield stress with strain rate was well described using the Eyring model. The effect of water content on the yield stress was shown to be analogous to the effect of temperature. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5643 EP 5650 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00836-3 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 418MP UT WOS:000167896200017 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Buhr, RJ Young, LL Lyon, CE Ware, GO AF Northcutt, JK Buhr, RJ Young, LL Lyon, CE Ware, GO TI Influence of age and postchill carcass aging duration on chicken breast fillet quality SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tenderness; shear; cook yield; breast fillet; carcass aging ID COOKED YIELD; TENDERNESS; MEAT; MUSCLE; TIMES; PH AB Breast fillet quality was evaluated from 37-, 39-, 42-, 44-, 46-, 49-, and 51-d-old broilers after post-chill (PC) aging of the carcass 0, 2, 4, or 6 h and deboning. Fillets were vacuum sealed in cooking bags and heated to an internal temperature of 72 C by submersion in a 95 C water bath. Cook yield was determined as the weight percentage of the fillet remaining after cooking. Texture of the cooked fillets was measured using a Warner-Bratzler (W-B) shear device. Fillet cook yield and shear force values were significantly affected by bird age at slaughter, and PC carcass aging duration before deboning. Bird gender significantly affected cook yield, whereas the interaction between age and PC aging duration significantly affected W-B shear. Fluid lost during cooking was greater for fillets aged 0 h PC and decreased when PC aging was 2 h or greater. Overall, W-B shear values decreased (more tender) when fillets were aged on the carcass at least 2 h PC, with the exception of fillets from 51-d-old broilers. After 2 h of PC aging on the carcass, shear force values for fillets from older broilers (49- and 51-d-old) were in the "very tough" portion of a texture scale (> 12.60 kg), whereas textures of fillets from 42- and 44-d-old broilers were in the "slightly tough to slightly tender" portion of the scale (8.5 and 7.2 kg, respectively). These data show that if poultry processors harvest fillets earlier than usual (<2 h PC aging), the fillet texture will be more tender if it originates from younger broilers (42- or 44-d-old) instead of older broilers (49- or 51-d-old). C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 6 BP 808 EP 812 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 443LJ UT WOS:000169342400018 PM 11441850 ER PT J AU Sreenath, HK Koegel, RG Moldes, AB Jeffries, TW Straub, RJ AF Sreenath, HK Koegel, RG Moldes, AB Jeffries, TW Straub, RJ TI Ethanol production from alfalfa fiber fractions by saccharification and fermentation SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; LHW pretreatment; enzymes; SSF; SHF; ethanol ID D-XYLOSE; PICHIA-STIPITIS; YEASTS; WATER; HEMICELLULOSE; HYDROLYSIS; ENZYMES; BIOMASS; ACIDS AB This work describes ethanol production from alfalfa fiber using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with and without liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment. Candida shehatae FPL-702 produced 5 and 6.4 g/l ethanol with a yield of 0.25 and 0.16 g ethanol/g sugar respectively by SHF and SSF from alfalfa fiber without pretreatment. With LHW pretreatment using SSF, C. shehatae FPL-702 produced 18.0 g/l ethanol, a yield of 0.45 g ethanol/g sugar from cellulosic solids or 'raffinate'. Using SHF, it produced 9.6 g/l ethanol, a yield of 0.47 g ethanol/g sugar from raffinate. However, the soluble extract fraction containing hemicelluloses was poorly fermented in both SHF and SSF due to the presence of inhibitors. Addition of dilute acid during LHW pretreatment of alfalfa fiber resulted in fractions that were poorly saccharified and fermented. These results show that unpretreated alfalfa fiber produced a lower ethanol yield. Although LHW pretreatment can increase ethanol production from raffinate fiber fractions, it does not increase production from the hemicellulosic and pectin fractions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Vigo, Dept Chem Engn, As Lagaos 32004, Ourense, Spain. RP Sreenath, HK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sreenath@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Moldes, Ana/I-1092-2015 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Moldes, Ana/0000-0002-8895-1948 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1199 EP 1204 DI 10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00162-5 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 453ZW UT WOS:000169948800007 ER PT J AU Hu, JB Braileanu, GT Mirando, MA AF Hu, JB Braileanu, GT Mirando, MA TI Oxytocin stimulates prostaglandin F-2 alpha secretion from porcine endometrial cells through activation of calcium-dependent protein kinase C SO PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS LA English DT Article DE calcium; endometrium; oxytocin; pig; Prostaglandin F-2 alpha; Protein Kinase C ID UTERO-OVARIAN VEIN; EARLY-PREGNANCY; ESTROUS-CYCLE; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; CELLULAR MECHANISMS; BOVINE ENDOMETRIUM; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); OVINE ENDOMETRIUM; RELEASE AB The mechanism for oxytocin's (OT) stimulation of PGF(2 alpha) secretion from porcine endometrium is not clear, but is thought to involve mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and subsequent activation of protein kinase C (PKC). This study determined: (1) if mobilization of inositol trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ by thapsigargin or activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) could stimulate PGF(2 alpha) release from luminal epithelial, glandular epithelial and stromal cells of porcine endometrium and (2) if inhibitors of various PKC isotypes could attenuate the ability of OT, thapsigargin and PMA to stimulate PGF(2 alpha) secretion from these cells. Thapsigargin and PMA each stimulated (P < 0.01) PGF(2 alpha) secretion from all three endometrial cell types examined. However, the effects of thapsigargin and PMA were synergistic (P < 0.05) only in stromal cells. Three protein kinase C inhibitors (i.e. Go6976, Go6983 and Ro-31-8220) differentially attenuated (P < 0.05) the ability of OT, thapsigargin and PMA to stimulate PGF(2 alpha) release. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that OT mobilizes Ca2+ to activate a Ca2+-dependent PKC pathway to promote PGF(2 alpha) secretion from porcine endometrial cells. The differing pattern of response to isotype-specific inhibitors of PKC among cell types suggests that distinct PKC isoforms are differentially expressed in luminal epithelial, glandular epithelial and stromal cells. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mirando, MA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Res Initiat Competit Grants Program, Stop 2241,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD30268] NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-6980 J9 PROSTAG OTH LIPID M JI Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2-3 BP 85 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0090-6980(01)00114-9 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 438XT UT WOS:000169080100002 PM 11403501 ER PT J AU Harding, DJ Lefsky, MA Parker, GG Blair, JB AF Harding, DJ Lefsky, MA Parker, GG Blair, JB TI Laser altimeter canopy height profiles - Methods and validation for closed-canopy, broadleaf forests SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE laser; altimeter; forest; canopy; structure; height; broadleaf; lidar; altimetry; waveform; SLICER ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; RADAR BACKSCATTER; AIRBORNE LIDAR; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; WAVE-FORMS; VEGETATION; BIOMASS; TOPOGRAPHY; MODEL AB Waveform-recording laser altimeter observations of vegetated landscapes provide a time-resolved measure of laser pulse backscatter energy from canopy surfaces and the underlying ground. Airborne laser altimeter waveform data was acquired using the Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery (SLICER) for a successional sequence of four, closed-canopy, deciduous forest stands in eastern Maryland. The four stands were selected so as to include a range of canopy structures of importance to forest ecosystem function, including variation in the height and roughness of the outermost canopy surface and the vertical organization of canopy stories and gaps. The character of the SLICER backscatter signal is described and a method is developed that accounts for occlusion of the laser energy by canopy surfaces, transforming the backscatter signal to a canopy height profile (CHP) that quantitatively represents the relative vertical distribution of canopy surface area. The transformation applies increased weighting to the backscatter amplitude as a function of closure through the canopy and assumes a horizontally random distribution of the canopy components. SLICER CHPs, averaged over areas of overlap where altimeter ground tracks intersect, are shown to be highly reproducible. CHP transects across the four stands reveal spatial variations in vegetation, at the scale of the individual 10-m-diameter laser footprints, within and between stands. Averaged SLICER CHPs are compared to analogous height profile results derived from ground-based sightings to plant intercepts measured on plots within the four stands. The plots were located on the segments of the altimeter ground tracks from which averaged SLICER CHPs were derived, and the ground observations were acquired within 2 weeks of the SLICER data acquisition to minimize temporal change. The differences in canopy structure between the four stands is similarly described by the SLICER and ground-based CHP results. However, a chi-square test of similarity documents differences that are statistically significant. The differences are discussed in terms of measurement properties that define the smoothness of the resulting CHPs and canopy properties that may vertically bias the CHP representations of canopy structure. The statistical differences are most likely due to the more noisy character of the ground-based CHPs, especially high in the canopy where ground-based sightings are rare resulting in an underestimate of canopy surface area and height, and to departures from assumptions of canopy uniformity, particularly regarding lack of clumping and vertically constant canopy reflectance, which bias the CHPs. The results demonstrate that the SLICER observations reliably provide a measure of canopy structure that reveals ecologically interesting structural variations such as those characterizing a successional sequence of closed-canopy, broadleaf forest stands. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Harding, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Mail Code 924, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009; Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013; Harding, David/F-5913-2012; OI Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 55 TC 223 Z9 238 U1 6 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 76 IS 3 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00210-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 439FL UT WOS:000169100100001 ER PT J AU Chehbouni, A Nouvellon, Y Kerr, YH Moran, MS Watts, C Prevot, L Goodrich, DC Rambal, S AF Chehbouni, A Nouvellon, Y Kerr, YH Moran, MS Watts, C Prevot, L Goodrich, DC Rambal, S TI Directional effect on radiative surface temperature measurements over a semiarid grassland site SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; SPARSE SAHELIAN VEGETATION; INVERSION TECHNIQUES; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; TURBULENT FLUXES; KB(-1) PARAMETER; PLANT CANOPIES; ENERGY BALANCE; SALSA PROGRAM; LAND-SURFACE AB In this study, an experimental design was conceived, as part of the Semi-Arid-Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) program, to document the effect of view angle Variation on surface radiative temperature measurements. The results indicated differences between nadir and off-nadir radiative temperature of up to 5 K. The data also illustrated that, under clear sky and constant vegetation conditions, this difference is well correlated with surface soil moisture. However, the correlation decreased when the same comparison was made under changing vegetation conditions. To investigate the possibility of deriving component surface temperatures (soil and vegetation) using dual-angle observations of directional radiative temperature, two radiative transfer models (RTM) with different degrees of complexity were used. The results showed that despite their differences, the two models performed similarly in predicting the directional radiative temperature at a third angle. In contrast to other investigations, our study indicated that the impact of ignoring the cavity effect term is not very significant. However, omitting the contribution of the incoming long-wave radiation on measured directional radiance seemed to have a much larger impact. Finally, sensitivity analysis showed that an accuracy of better than 10% on the plant area index (PAI) was required for achieving a precision of 1 K for inverted vegetation temperature. An error of 1 K in measured directional radiative temperature can lead to an error of about 1 K in the soil and vegetation temperatures derived by inverting the RTM. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CESBIO, CNRS CNRS IRD UPS, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. USDA ARS, SWRC, Tucson, AZ USA. IMADES, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. INRA, Bioclimatol Stn, Avignon, France. CNRS, CEFE, Montpellier, France. RP Chehbouni, A (reprint author), CESBIO, CNRS CNRS IRD UPS, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. RI Prevot, Laurent/A-5929-2011; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Nouvellon, Yann/C-9295-2016; OI Prevot, Laurent/0000-0002-4627-4379; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Nouvellon, Yann/0000-0003-1920-3847; rambal, serge/0000-0001-5869-8382 NR 59 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 76 IS 3 BP 360 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00183-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 439FL UT WOS:000169100100007 ER PT J AU Stanturf, JA Schoenholtz, SH Schweitzer, CJ Shepard, JP AF Stanturf, JA Schoenholtz, SH Schweitzer, CJ Shepard, JP TI Achieving restoration success: Myths in bottomland hardwood forests SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Groningen Conference on Restoration Ecology CY AUG 25-30, 1998 CL GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS DE afforestation; functions; Wetlands Reserve Program ID MITIGATION; IMPACT AB Restoration of bottomland hardwood forests is the subject of considerable interest in the southern United States, but restoration success is elusive. Techniques for establishing bottomland tree species are well developed, yet problems have occurred in operational programs. Current plans for restoration on public and private land suggest that as many as 200,000 hectares could; be restored in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley alone. The ideal of ecological restoration is to reestablish a-completely functioning ecosystem. Although some.;argue that afforestation is incomplete restoration, it is a necessary and costly first step but not an easy task. The 1992 Wetlands Reserve Program in Mississippi, which failed on 90% of the area, illustrates the difficulty of broadly applying our knowledge of afforestation. In our view, the focus for ecological restoration should be to restore functions, rather than specifying some ambiguous natural state based on reference stands or pre-settlement forest conditions. We view restoration as one element in a continuum model of sustainable forest management, allowing us to prescribe restoration goals that incorporate landowner objectives. Enforcing the discipline of explicit objectives, with restoration expectations described in terms of predicted values of functions, causal mechanisms and temporal response trajectories, will hasten the development of meaningful criteria for restoration success. We present our observations about current efforts to restore bottomland hardwoods as nine myths, or statements of dubious origin, and at best partial truth. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. Natl Council Paper Ind Air & Stream Improvement In, So Reg Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Stanturf, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jstanturf@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 63 TC 67 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100x.2001.009002189.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441JQ UT WOS:000169227600009 ER PT J AU Walters, C Pammenter, NW Berjak, P Crane, J AF Walters, C Pammenter, NW Berjak, P Crane, J TI Desiccation damage, accelerated ageing and respiration in desiccation tolerant and sensitive seeds SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE accelerated ageing; desiccation damage; desiccation tolerance; germination; orthodox seeds; oxidative damage; recalcitrant seeds; respiration; seed; water content; water potential ID FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES; QUERCUS-ROBUR L; ZEA-MAYS L; RECALCITRANT SEEDS; EMBRYONIC AXES; VIABILITY RETENTION; AVICENNIA-MARINA; MOISTURE-CONTENT; LETTUCE SEEDS; SOYBEAN SEED AB Embryonic axes of tea (desiccation sensitive) and pea (desiccation tolerant) were dried at different rates or stored at different water contents to distinguish between damage associated with the immediate effects of water loss and the longer-term effects of a partially hydrated state. No loss of viability was observed if pea axes were dried sufficiently rapidly (from 1.8 to 0.1 g H(2)O g(-1) dry mass (g/g) within 5 d). However, viability was lost in tea axes dried below 0.5 g/g (approximately -15 MPa) even if axes were dried within 1 h. Death in tea axes dried to moisture contents less than 0.5 g/g probably resulted from the removal of water necessary for cellular structural integrity (i.e. desiccation damage sensu stricto). When axes of both species were dried at slower rates, viability losses were observed at water potentials between about -3 and -15 MPa. The timing for this type of damage was species dependent, occurring within 2 d for tea and after 5 d for pea, and may be explained by higher oxidative activity in tea compared to pea. Embryos of both species with water potentials below -3 MPa were lethally damaged if oxygen consumption exceeded 1000-5000 mu mol O(2) g(-1) dry mass. Recalcitrant seeds are different than orthodox seeds because the former do not survive drying below a critical water content, regardless of the drying rate. Rapid drying is required for accurate assessment of the critical water content. Slow drying leads to metabolic imbalance and artefactual assessment of the critical water content for desiccation damage. Both tea and pea seeds were susceptible to damage from metabolic imbalances, suggesting that the predominant stress from slow drying is ageing. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Biol, Plant Cell Biol Res Unit, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa. RP Walters, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM chrisv@lamar.colostate.edu RI Berjak, Patricia/E-9362-2010; Pammenter, Norman/E-9357-2010 NR 62 TC 71 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 2 BP 135 EP 148 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 457QC UT WOS:000170147400003 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Estell, RE Havstad, KM Shupe, WL Remmenga, MD AF Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Estell, RE Havstad, KM Shupe, WL Remmenga, MD TI Pen confinement of yearling ewes with cows or heifers for 14 days to produce bonded sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bonding; multispecies stocking; sheep; beef cattle; mixed species stocking ID CATTLE AB Mixed species stocking is commonly a more ecologically sound and efficient use of forage resources than single species stocking, especially in pastures having complex assemblages of forage species. However, in many environments livestock predation on especially smaller ruminants adds an extra challenge to mixed species stocking. When mixed sheep and cattle remain consistently as a cohesive group (flerd), predation risks are lessened, while fencing and herding costs are reduced. To establish a cohesive group (bond), a 30-day bonding period in which young sheep and cattle pairs are penned together is currently recommended. The purpose of this research was to test if a bond could be produced in < 30 days (14 days) using pen confinement: thus reducing feed, labor, and overhead costs. Additionally, we tested whether cow age affects cohesiveness of bonded pairs immediately following 14 days of pen confinement. Sixteen mature cows (7-8 years of age) and sixteen 9-month-old heifers were randomly paired with one of 32 yearling ewe lambs. Eight cow/ewe (PC) and eight heifer/ewe (PH) pairs were maintained individually in 2 m x G m pens for 14 days. The other eight-cow/ewe (NC) and heifer/ewe (NH) pairs were separated by species with each species maintained on separate pastures for the 14-day period. After 14 days, pairs were released in observation paddocks and separation distance between treatment pairs was measured during a 30-min open field test. Other behaviors were also noted and recorded during the field test. Separation distance did not differ (P = 0.973) between the PC and PH treatments, however, separation distance for NC versus NH (P < 0.004), NC versus PC (P < 0.001), and NH versus PH (P < 0.002) all differed. Mean separation distance (meters) and standard errors were 40 +/- 3.9, 3 +/- 0.3, 76 +/- 5.3, and 4 +/- 1.4 for NH, PH, NC, and PC treatments, respectively. Overall, the animals that were penned spent more time grazing and less time walking than animals not previously penned for 14 days. Penned animals also vocalized less than non-penned animals during the open field test. The bond sheep formed to the bovines was not affected by cow age. These data suggest that inter-specific bond formation using pen confinement can be accomplished within 14 days, representing a 53% savings in time and associated costs when compared to pen confinement lasting 30 days. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Fredrickson, EL (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(01)00183-3 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 430VT UT WOS:000168596700012 ER PT J AU Weitz, AM Linder, E Frolking, S Crill, PM Keller, M AF Weitz, AM Linder, E Frolking, S Crill, PM Keller, M TI N(2)O emissions from humid tropical agricultural soils: effects of soil moisture, texture and nitrogen availability SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; soil N(2)O emissions; fertilized soils; automated field measurements; low bulk density soils ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; OXIDE EMISSIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; COSTA-RICA; METHANE FLUXES; WATER-CONTENT; FOREST; PROBES; FERTILIZATION; CONDUCTIVITY AB We studied soil moisture dynamics and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) fluxes from agricultural soils in the humid tropics of Costa Rica. Using a split plot design on two soils (clay, loam) we compared two crop types (annual, perennial) each unfertilized and fertilized. Both soils are of andic origin. Their properties include relatively low bulk density and high organic matter content, water retention capacity, and hydraulic conductivity. The top 2-3 cm of the soils consists of distinct small aggregates (dia. <0.5 cm). We measured a strong gradient of bulk density and moisture within the top 7 cm of the clay soil. Using automated sampling and analysis systems we measured N(2)O emissions at 4.6 h intervals, meteorological variables, soil moisture, and temperature at 0.5 h intervals. Mean daily soil moisture content at 5 cm depth ranged from 46% water filled pore space (WFPS) on clay in April 1995 to near saturation on loam during a wet period in February 1996. On both soils the aggregated surface layer always remained unsaturated. Soils emitted N(2)O throughout the year. Mean N(2)O fluxes were 1.04 +/- 0.72 ng N(2)O-N cm(-2) h(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation) from unfertilized loam under annual crops compared to 3.54 +/- 4.31 ng N(2)O-N cm(-1) h(-1) from the fertilized plot (351 days measurement). Fertilization dominated the temporal variation of N(2)O emissions. Generally fluxes peaked shortly after fertilization and were increased for up to 6 weeks ('post fertilization Bur'). Emissions continued at a lower rate ('background flux') after fertilization effects faded. Mean post-fertilization fluxes were 6.3 +/- 6.5 ng N(2)O-N cm(-1) h(-1) while the background flux rate was 2.2 +/- 1.8 ng N(2)O-N cm h(-1). Soil moisture dynamics affected N(2)O emissions. Post fertilization fluxes were highest from wet soils; fluxes from relatively dry soils increased only after rain events. N(2)O emissions were weakly affected by soil moisture during phases of low N availability. Statistical modeling confirmed N availability and soil moisture as the major controls on N(2)O Aux. Our data suggest that small-scale differences in soil structure and moisture content cause very different biogeochemical environments within the top 7 cm of soils, which is important for net N(2)O fluxes from soils. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Math & Stat, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Weitz, AM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Postfack 10 01 64, D-07701 Jena, Germany. EM aweitz@bgc-jena.mpg.de RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 NR 49 TC 102 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1077 EP 1093 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00013-X PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 441YU UT WOS:000169257800023 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Haney, RL Honeycutt, CW Arshad, MA Schomberg, HH Hons, FM AF Franzluebbers, AJ Haney, RL Honeycutt, CW Arshad, MA Schomberg, HH Hons, FM TI Climatic influences on active fractions of soil organic matter SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon mineralization; climate; nitrogen mineralization; soil microbial activity; soil microbial biomass; soil organic carbon ID CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION-INCUBATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS-C; EXTRACTION METHOD; NITROGEN POOLS; CARBON; TILLAGE; MINERALIZATION; CONSERVATION; RESPIRATION; CALIBRATION AB Biologically active fractions of soil organic matter are important in understanding decomposition potential of organic materials, nutrient cycling dynamics, and biophysical manipulation of soil structure. We evaluated the quantitative relationships among potential C and net N mineralization, soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), and soil organic C (SOC) under four contrasting climatic conditions. Mean SOC values were 28 +/- 11 mg g(-1) (n = 24) in a frigid-dry region (Alberta/British Columbia), 25 +/- 5 mg g(-1) (n = 12) in a frigid-wet region (Maine), 11 +/- 4 mg g(-1) (n = 117) in a thermic-dry region (Texas), and 12 +/- 5 mg g(-1) (n = 12) in a thermic-wet region (Georgia). Higher mean annual temperature resulted in consistently greater basal soil respiration(1.7 vs 0.8 mg CO2-C g(-1) SOC d(-1) in the thermic compared with the frigid regions, P < 0.001), greater net N mineralization (2.8 vs 1.3 mg inorganic N g(-1) SOC 24 d(-1), P < 0.001), and greater SMBC (53 vs 21 mg SMBC g(-1) SOC, P < 0.001). Specific respiratory activity of SMBC was, however, consistently lower in the thermic than in the frigid regions (29 vs 34 mg CO2-C g(-1) SMBC d(-1), P < 0.01). Higher mean annual precipitation resulted in consistently lower basal soil respiration (1.1 vs 1.3 mg CO2-C g(-1) SOC d(-1) in the wet compared with the dry regions, P < 0.01) and lower SMBC (31 vs 43 mg SMBC g(-1) SOC, P < 0.001), but had inconsistent effects on net N mineralization that depended upon temperature regime, Specific respiratory activity of SMBC was consistently greater in the wet than the dry regions ( approximate to 33 vs 29 mg CO2-C g(-1) SMBC d(-1) P(0.01). Although the thermic regions were not able to retain as high a level of SOC as the frigid regions, due likely to high annual decomposition rates, biologically active soil fractions were as high per mass of soil and even 2-3-times greater per unit of SOC in the thermic compared with the frigid regions. These results suggest that macroclimate has a large impact on the portion of soil organic matter that is potentially active, but a relatively small impact on the specific respiratory activity of SMBC. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, New England Plant Soil & Water lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, No Agr Res Ctr, Beaverlodge, AB, Canada. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 41 TC 79 Z9 110 U1 6 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1103 EP 1111 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00016-5 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 441YU UT WOS:000169257800025 ER PT J AU Cardon, ZG Hungate, BA Cambardella, CA Chapin, FS Field, CB Holland, EA Mooney, HA AF Cardon, ZG Hungate, BA Cambardella, CA Chapin, FS Field, CB Holland, EA Mooney, HA TI Contrasting effects of elevated CO2 on old and new soil carbon pools (vol 33, pg 365, 2001) SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cardon, ZG (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011 OI Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1141 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00082-7 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 441YU UT WOS:000169257800030 ER PT J AU McDowell, R Sinaj, S Sharpley, A Frossard, E AF McDowell, R Sinaj, S Sharpley, A Frossard, E TI The use of isotopic exchange kinetics to assess phosphorus availability in overland flow and subsurface drainage waters SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus loss; P-33; overland now; subsurface drainage; isotope exchange kinetics ID SOIL-SOLUTION; PHOSPHATE IONS; DILUTION; ORTHOPHOSPHATE; SENSITIVITY; FRACTIONS AB The loss of phosphorus (P) on overland now and subsurface drainage from soils receiving long-term applications of fertilizer and manure has been linked to the accelerated eutrophication of fresh waters. This loss is initiated by the release of P from soil to solution, which for overland now can be estimated by water extraction and for subsurface drainage waters by 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction. Although this release is rapid, the information available on the kinetics of P loss is insufficient to support improved soil P management. In this study, an isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) approach was used to assess the effect of two solutions (water and 0.01 M CaCl2) and different soil-to-solution ratios on soil isotopically exchangeable P (Et). Results are described by a compartmental analysis that quantified the amount of P isotopically exchangeable within 1 min (E-1min), 30 min (E-30min), 24 hr (E-24hr), and between 24 hr and 3 months (E24hr-3mo). The quantity of P in each compartment was then compared with the concentration of P in overland now and subsurface drainage waters. Isotopically exchangeable soil P within 1 min (1:5 soil to solution ratio) was correlated most closely with the concentration of P in overland flow (r(2) = 0.84 with water) and subsurface drainage waters (r(2) = 0.93 with 0.01 M CaCl2). For overland now, a significant correlation was maintained at a soil-to-solution ratio of 1:100 for more exchangeable P pools than at other ratios (1:5 or 1:10). Similarly, the relationship between isotopically exchangeable P in 0.01 M CaCl2 (but not Et in water) and subsurface drainage waters P was maintained for exchange times up to 24 hr, reflecting the greater contact period of subsurface drainage water with soil compared with overland flow. The results suggest that the concentration of P in overland now and subsurface drainage waters is dependent on the rapid or short-term (1 min and < 24 hr) kinetics of soil exchangeable P and that the IEK approach can explain, and with further work may predict, the amount of P that can potentially move from agricultural soils to overland now and subsurface drainage waters. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ETH Zurich, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Plant Sci, Grp Plant Nutr, CH-8315 Eschikon Lindau, Switzerland. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1097/00010694-200106000-00001 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 449AZ UT WOS:000169663300001 ER PT J AU Pikul, JL Carpenter-Boggs, L Vigil, M Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Riedell, WE AF Pikul, JL Carpenter-Boggs, L Vigil, M Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Riedell, WE TI Crop yield and soil condition under ridge and chisel-plow tillage in the northern Corn Belt, USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE corn; soybean; crop rotation; soil quality; water use; nitrogen use efficiency; nitrate nitrogen; soil organic carbon; Brookings; South Dakota; USA ID LONG-TERM; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS; ROTATION; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH AB Ridge tillage is a special conservation tillage method, but the long-term effect of this tillage system on crop yield and soil quality in a corn (Zea mays L,) and soybean [Glycine mm (L.) Merr.] rotation is largely unknown in the northern Corn Belt of the USA. Our objectives were to compare crop performance and soil condition at three nitrogen-fertilizer levels under ridge tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT). The experiment was started in 1990 at Brookings, SD, on a Barnes clay loam (US soil taxonomy: fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploboroll; FAO classification: Chernozem). CT included moldboard or chisel plowing, seedbed preparation with tandem disk and field cultivator, and raw cultivation. Raised beds under RT were maintained using only row cultivation. Corn grain yield was significantly (p less than or equal to 0.10) greater on CT than on RT. Average (11 years and three fertilizer-N rates) corn yield was 6267 kg ha(-1) with RT and 6500 kg ha(-1) with CT. Soybean grain yield was not significantly (p less than or equal to 0.10) different between RT and CT. Average (11 years and three fertilizer-N rates) soybean yield was 1997 kg ha(-1) with RT and 2058 kg ha(-1) with CT. In 9 of 11 years there was a significant soybean-yield response to N-starter fertilizer. There was no significant accumulation of NO3-N in the top 3 m of soil at the end of 9 years in either tillage treatment (111 kg NO3-N ha(-1) under RT and 121 kg NO3-N ha(-1) under CT). Soil pH in the top 15 cm was unaffected by tillage (average pH was 6.62). In 1999, soil organic C in the top 0.2 m was significantly greater under CT (56 Mg ha(-1)) than under RT (52 Mg ha(-1)). Bulk density in the top 0.2 m was significantly greater under RT (1.52 g cm(-3)) than under CT (1.44 gr cm(-3)). Tillage did not have a great effect on grain yield or soil properties. RT can protect soil from erosion because crop residues remain relatively undisturbed on the soil surface in contrast to chisel plow. In this respect, we expect RT to be more sustainable over the long term than chisel plow tillage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Pikul, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00174-X PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 435PA UT WOS:000168888800003 ER PT J AU Michels, GJ Elliott, NC Romero, RA Owings, DA Bible, JB AF Michels, GJ Elliott, NC Romero, RA Owings, DA Bible, JB TI Impact of indigenous coccinellids on Russian wheat aphids and greenbugs (Homoptera : Aphididae) infesting winter wheat in the Texas Panhandle SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; COLEOPTERA AB Exclusion experiments conducted in Texas Panhandle winter wheat fields from 1993-1995 demonstrated that naturally-occurring predaceous Coccinellids (primarily Hippodamia sp.) had a significant impact on Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), and greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), average aphid density and percentage aphid reduction in both irrigated and dryland habitats. Naturally-occurring predaceous coccinellids significantly reduced Russian wheat aphid and greenbug densities in irrigated and dryland winter wheat on a regular basis in the Texas Panhandle. The coccinellids were able to locate and attack isolated aphid infestations even when overall aphid density in the field was very low. Although the impact on aphid density varied from season to season, and year to year, the percentage reduction in aphid density was relatively consistant, averaging 54% for Russian wheat aphids and 63% for greenbugs across all years and seasons. There was no evidence that naturally-occurring or established exotic parasitoids had a similar impact. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Dept Army, Ft Carson Directorate Environm Compliance & Manag, Ft Carson, CO 80913 USA. RP Michels, GJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, 2301 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 97 EP 114 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 460LE UT WOS:000170308400001 ER PT J AU Henneberry, TJ Jech, LF de la Torre, T AF Henneberry, TJ Jech, LF de la Torre, T TI Effects of transgenic cotton on mortality and development of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) larvae SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA SAUNDERS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; SEASONAL INFESTATION; CENTRAL ARIZONA AB Pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), larval mortality after different times of confinement on NuCOTN 33B(R) (Bt) cotton bolls was compared with larval mortality on Delta and Pineland 5415 cotton bolls as controls. We also compared larval mortality on different age cotton fruiting forms and determined the Bt susceptibility of different age PBW larvae. Infesting Bt bolls with PBW eggs that hatched within 24-h resulted in 92% larval mortality after 48-h and 100% mortality after 4 days or longer. There were no differences between cultivars in numbers of larval entrances holes into bolls. Larval mortality percentages decreased when older (second- and third-instar) larvae were placed on bolls compared with first-instar larvae. Generally, days to pupation for both males and females were longer on Bt bolls compared with non-Bt cotton. Ninety-three to 100% of the progeny from moth pairs from second- and third-instar larvae that survived on Bt bulls died when transferred to Bt bolls. There were no significant mortality differences for larvae feeding on Bt fruiting forms of different ages ranging from one-half grown flower buds to 40-day-old immature green bolls. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, PWA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Henneberry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, PWA, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 115 EP 128 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 460LE UT WOS:000170308400002 ER PT J AU Clark, SE Van Driesche, RG Sturdevant, N Kegley, S AF Clark, SE Van Driesche, RG Sturdevant, N Kegley, S TI Effect of root feeding insects on spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) stand density SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UROPHORA-AFFINIS; QUADRIFASCIATA; DEFOLIATION; COMPETITION; LEPIDOPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; DIFFUSE; DIPTERA; MONTANA AB The effect of two root-feeding insects, the cochylid moth Agapeta zoegana (L.) and the curculionid weevil Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus), on densities of their host plant, spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lamarack), was measured at thirteen sites where these insects had previously been released. Plant densities/m(2) and the presence or absence of these root-feeding insects were assessed in 1997 and 1998, and plant densities were compared to pre-release plant densities measured in 1991, 1992 and 1993. Samples also were taken at these sites to determine the density of seed heads/m(2). Knapweed stem density declined at all thirteen sites between the pre-release (1991-1993) and post-release (1997-1998) evaluations. This decline, however, was not correlated to the occurrence of the root-feeding insects. A seed-head fly, Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld), not released specifically at these sites, but released in the region as a biological control agent of spotted knapweed, was detected at all the release sites. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. RP Clark, SE (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 460LE UT WOS:000170308400003 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Ciomperlik, MA Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, JC Ciomperlik, MA Legaspi, BC TI Field cage evaluation of Serangium parcesetosum (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) as a predator of citrus blackfly (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) eggs SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 460LE UT WOS:000170308400010 ER PT J AU Yachmenev, VG Bertoniere, NR Blanchard, EJ AF Yachmenev, VG Bertoniere, NR Blanchard, EJ TI Effect of sonication on cotton preparation with alkaline pectinase SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENZYMATIC TREATMENT; ULTRASONIC ENERGY; AGITATION; FABRICS; AGENTS AB Pectinase bioscouring of greige cotton fabric is a very promising new approach for preparing cotton textiles for subsequent wet processing treatments such as mercerizing, bleaching, dyeing, printing, or finishing. Such biopreparation of greige cotton fabric is an energy efficient and environmentally benign process. Our research has shown that at the laboratory scale, introducing ultrasonic energy into the reaction chamber during enzymatic scouring of the greige cotton fabric significantly improves pectinase efficiency, but does not decrease the tensile strength off cotton fabric. In line with our previous data, current research also confirms that sonication of pectinase processing solutions does not impair the complex structures of the enzyme molecules, but significantly improves their performance. Data show that alkaline pectinase appears to be a more efficient agent for biopreparation of greige cotton than acidic pectinase, resulting in better wettability and whiteness. We also establish that the combination of pectinase bioscouring with desizing and after-washing insures sufficient fabric wettability with adequate uniformity. The results are comparable to or better than those fbr fabric after traditional alkaline scouring. Introducing ultrasonic energy into the reaction chamber during enzymatic treatment of cotton fabric could help overcome the major disadvantage of pectinase scouring - a longer processing time compared to conventional alkaline scouring. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Yachmenev, VG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 71 IS 6 BP 527 EP 533 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 442XX UT WOS:000169311200010 ER PT J AU Jermstad, KD Bassoni, DL Jech, KS Wheeler, NC Neale, DB AF Jermstad, KD Bassoni, DL Jech, KS Wheeler, NC Neale, DB TI Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling adaptive traits in coastal Douglas-fir. I. Timing of vegetative bud flush SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE QTL mapping; RFLP; bud phenology; genotypexenvironment interaction ID GENETIC-VARIATION; SOUTHWEST OREGON; COLD-HARDINESS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; RAPD MARKERS; PHENOLOGY; MENZIESII; SEEDLINGS; PROGENY; GROWTH AB Thirty three unique quantitative trait loci (QSLs) affecting the timing of spring bud flush have been identified in an intraspecific mapping population of coastal Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii]. Both terminal and lateral bud flush were measured over a 3-year period on clonal replicates at two test sites, allowing for the repeated estimation of QTLs. QTLs were detected on 12 linkage groups and, in general, each explained a small proportion of the total phenotypic variance and were additive in effect. Several QTLs influence the timing of bud flush over multiple years, supporting earlier evidence that the timing of bud flush through developmental stages is under moderate to strong genetic control by the same suite of genes through developmental stages. However, only a few QTLs controlling the timing of bud flush were detected at both test sites, suggesting that geographic location plays a major role in the phenology of spring growth. A small number of QTLs with year and site interactions were also estimated. C1 USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Weyerhaeuser Forestry Res Ctr, Centralia, WA USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. NR 33 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 102 IS 8 BP 1142 EP 1151 DI 10.1007/s001220000505 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 446YH UT WOS:000169541400003 ER PT J AU Jermstad, KD Bassoni, DL Wheeler, NC Anekonda, TS Aitken, SN Adams, WT Neale, DB AF Jermstad, KD Bassoni, DL Wheeler, NC Anekonda, TS Aitken, SN Adams, WT Neale, DB TI Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling adaptive traits in coastal Douglas-fir. II. Spring and fall cold-hardiness SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE QTL mapping; RFLP; freeze testing; tissue damage ID MENZIESII VAR. MENZIESII; FROST-HARDINESS; MIRB. FRANCO; OREGON; TOLERANCE; GENETICS AB Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting fall and spring cold-hardiness were identified in a three-generation outbred pedigree of coastal Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga meniziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii]. Eleven QTLs controlling fall cold-hardiness were detected on four linkage groups, and 15 QTLs controlling spring cold-hardiness were detected on four linkage groups. Only one linkage group contained QTLs for both spring and fall cold-hardiness, and these QTLs tended to map in close proximity to one another. Several QTLs were associated with hardiness in all three shoot tissues assayed in the spring, supporting previous reports that there is synchronization of plant tissues during de-acclimatization. For fall cold-hardiness, co-location of QTLs was not observed for the different tissues assayed, which is consistent with previous reports of less synchronization of hardening in the fall. In several cases, QTLs for spring or fall cold-hardiness mapped to the same location as QTLs controlling spring bud flush. QTL estimations, relative magnitudes of heritabilities, and genetic correlations based on clonal data in this single full-sib family, supports conclusions about the genetic control and relationships among cold-hardiness traits observed in population samples of Douglas-fir in previous studies. C1 USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Weyerhaeuser Forestry Res Ctr, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 102 IS 8 BP 1152 EP 1158 DI 10.1007/s001220000506 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 446YH UT WOS:000169541400004 ER PT J AU Anderson, JA Stack, RW Liu, S Waldron, BL Fjeld, AD Coyne, C Moreno-Sevilla, B Fetch, JM Song, QJ Cregan, PB Frohberg, RC AF Anderson, JA Stack, RW Liu, S Waldron, BL Fjeld, AD Coyne, C Moreno-Sevilla, B Fetch, JM Song, QJ Cregan, PB Frohberg, RC TI DNA markers for Fusarium head blight resistance QTLs its two wheat populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; scab; QTL mapping; disease resistance; Fusarium graminearum ID SCAB AB Genetic resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is necessary to reduce the wheat grain yield and quality losses caused by this disease. Development of resistant cultivars has been slowed by poorly adapted and incomplete resistance sources and confounding environmental effects that make screening of germplasm difficult. DNA markers for FHB resistance QTLs have been identified and may be used to speed the introgression of resistance genes into adapted germplasm. This study was conduct ed to identify and map additional DNA markers linked to genes controlling FHB resistance in two spring wheat recombinant inbred populations, both segregating for genes from the widely used resistance source 'Sumai 3'. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereals Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Western Plant Breeders, Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 18 TC 252 Z9 285 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 102 IS 8 BP 1164 EP 1168 DI 10.1007/s001220000509 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 446YH UT WOS:000169541400006 ER PT J AU Klein, RR Klein, PE Chhabra, AK Dong, J Pammi, S Childs, KL Mullet, JE Rooney, WL Schertz, KF AF Klein, RR Klein, PE Chhabra, AK Dong, J Pammi, S Childs, KL Mullet, JE Rooney, WL Schertz, KF TI Molecular mapping of the rf1 gene for pollen fertility restoration in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.); fertility restoration; AFLP; microsatellite ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; NUCLEAR RESTORER; MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSCRIPTS; MAIZE; MAP; LOCUS AB We report the molecular mapping of a gene for pollen fertility in Al (milo) type cytoplasm of sorghum using AFLP and SSR marker analysis. DNA from an F-2 population comprised of 83 individuals was screened with AFLP genetic markers to detect polymorphic DNAs linked to fertility restoration. Fifteen AFLP markers were linked to fertility restoration from the initial screening with 49 unique AFLP primer combinations (+3/+3 selective bases). As many of these AFLP markers had been previously mapped to a high-density genetic map of sorghum, the,target gene (rf1) could be mapped to linkage group H. Confirmation of the map location of rf1 was obtained by demonstrating that additional linkage group-H markers (SSR, STS, AFLP) were linked to fertility restoration. The closest marker, AFLP Xtsa2582, mapped within 2.4 cM of the target loci while two SSRs, Xtxp18 and Xtxp250, flanked the rf1 locus at 12 cM and 10.8 cM, respectively. The availability of molecular markers will facilitate the selection of pollen fertility restoration in sorghum inbred-line development and provide the foundation for map-based gene isolation. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Klein, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RI Childs, Kevin/C-9513-2014 OI Childs, Kevin/0000-0002-3680-062X NR 34 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 102 IS 8 BP 1206 EP 1212 DI 10.1007/s001220100575 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 446YH UT WOS:000169541400012 ER PT J AU Tierney, PT Dahl, R Chavez, D AF Tierney, PT Dahl, R Chavez, D TI Cultural diversity in use of undeveloped natural areas by Los Angeles county residents SO TOURISM MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE tourism; ethnicity; outdoor recreation; constraints; natural areas; visitation; discrimination AB National forests and other relatively undeveloped natural areas are some of the most popular tourist attractions. The objectives of this research were to determine the percentage of residents of a major metropolitan area who visit and do not visit undeveloped natural areas; quantify ethnic groups differences in use; and identify barriers for visitation. Logistic regression was used to determine factors that influenced visitation. Results showed that only two in live residents of Los Angeles County visited an undeveloped natural area during the peak summer travel period. Findings clearly demonstrate the complex nature of natural area attraction visitation and the decision to visit a natural area attraction is more than just transportation and income issues. Ethnic group preferences, education, crowding, lack of transportation, ethnic workers, lack of companions who travel to natural areas, finances and perceived discrimination all influenced recreation within undeveloped natural areas. Findings suggest that public agencies and rural tourism organizations must be proactive by creating new programs and expanding existing intervention projects to encourage visitation. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Dept Recreat & Leisure Studies, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Tierney, PT (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Recreat & Leisure Studies, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-5177 J9 TOURISM MANAGE JI Tourism Manage. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00058-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Management SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Business & Economics GA 425NK UT WOS:000168297200005 ER PT J AU Nickle, DA AF Nickle, DA TI New species of the neotropical genus Daedalellus Uvarov (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae : Copiphorinae) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The genus Daedalellus Uvarov includes seven species, four of them new species described herein. Males of two species previously known only from the female sex are also described for the first time. One new species, D. synmapterus Nickle, is sexually dimorphic in facial characters (i.e., the mandibles of the male are asymmetrical, but symmetrical in the female); in other species of this genus these structures are similar in both sexes. The functional significance of this sexual dimorphism has not been determined. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nickle, DA (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Bldg 005,Rm 137,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 2 BP 173 EP 187 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 456JT UT WOS:000170079900002 ER PT J AU Scorza, R Callahan, A Levy, L Damsteegt, V Webb, K Ravelonandro, M AF Scorza, R Callahan, A Levy, L Damsteegt, V Webb, K Ravelonandro, M TI Post-transcriptional gene silencing in plum pox virus resistant transgenic European plum containing the plum pox potyvirus coat protein gene SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE methylation; RNA-mediated resistance; transgene silencing ID PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE; DNA METHYLATION; PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; PLANTS; RNA; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; TOBACCO; TRANSFORMATION; SUPPRESSION AB Transgenic plums containing the plum pox potyvirus coat protein (PPV-CP) gene were inoculated with PPV. Infection was monitored by evaluating symptoms, ELISA, and IC-RT-PCR. Transgenic clone C5 was highly resistant to PPV during four years of testing and displayed characteristics typical of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), including a high level of transgene transcription in the nucleus, low levels of transgene mRNA in the cytoplasm, a complex multicopy transgene insertion with aberrant copies, and methylation of the silenced PPV-CP transgene. The PPV-CP transgene was also methylated in seedlings of C5 and these seedlings were resistant to PPV. Our results show, for the first time, that PTGS functions as a mechanism for virus resistance in a woody perennial species. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. INRA, Pathol Vegetale Stn, Villenave Dornon, France. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 40 TC 98 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1023/A:1016644823203 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 439RQ UT WOS:000169131200003 PM 11437277 ER PT J AU Major, JE Johnsen, KH AF Major, JE Johnsen, KH TI Shoot water relations of mature black spruce families displaying a genotype x environment interaction in growth rate. III. Diurnal patterns as influenced by vapor pressure deficit and internal water status SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diurnal variation; genetic variation; modeling; Picea mariana; turgor pressure; water stress ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; REFORESTATION SITE; STOMATAL RESPONSE; GENETIC-VARIATION; PICEA-MARIANA; QUERCUS-ALBA; SEEDLINGS; DROUGHT AB Pressure-volume curves were constructed and shoot water potentials measured for +20-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) trees from four full-sib families growing on a moist site and a dry site at the Petawawa Research Forest, Ontario, to determine whether differences in diurnal water relations traits were related to productivity. To assess the basis for the observed diurnal patterns, we analyzed effects of environmental and internal water stress variables on diurnal water relations traits. Among the water relations traits examined, turgor pressure was the most sensitive, responding to site, family and environmental variables and displaying the strongest diurnal responses to varying soil water availability and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Overall, there was an 84% drop in turgor pressure with increasing VPD: turgor pressure fell 46% in response to the first 0.75 kPa increase in VPD, and 9.7% in response to a second 0.75 kPa increase in VPD. The families differed in water relations responses to moderate water stress, but not in responses to minor or more extreme water stresses. Thus, at a VPD of 0.5 kPa, there was an estimated 83% greater family difference in turgor pressure on the dry site compared with the moist site. Soil and atmospheric water stress appeared to exert effects in tandem to elicit these responses (r(2) = 0.728). A comparison of the mechanisms of response to water deficit indicated that osmotic adjustment was more important than change in cell wall elasticity. We used a conceptual water relations model to illustrate the differences between tolerant and intolerant families in their mechanisms of water stress response. We conclude that, because genetic responses to site factors are dynamic, the integrated response over time contributes to the observed generic x environmental interaction in growth. C1 Canadian Forestry Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Major, JE (reprint author), Canadian Forestry Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 9 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 9 BP 579 EP 587 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 443PQ UT WOS:000169349900003 PM 11390302 ER PT J AU Booker, FL Maier, CA AF Booker, FL Maier, CA TI Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation, and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catechin; CO2 enrichment; lignin; nutrition; proanthocyanidins; secondary compounds; tannins ID ELEVATED CO2; PONDEROSA PINE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; SECONDARY METABOLITES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NUTRIENT BALANCE; TISSUE CHEMISTRY; N AVAILABILITY; ENRICHMENT; GROWTH AB Concentrations of total soluble phenolics, catechin, proanthocyanidins (PA), lignin and nitrogen (N) were measured in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles exposed to either ambient CO2 concentration ([CO2]), ambient plus 175 or ambient plus 350 mu mol CO2 mol(-1) in branch chambers for 2 years. The CO2 treatments were superimposed on a 2 x 2 factorial combination of irrigation and fertilization treatments. In addition, we compared the effects of branch chambers and open-top chambers on needle chemistry. Pro-anthocyanidin and N concentrations were measured in needles from branch chambers and from trees in open-top chambers exposed concurrently for two years to either ambient [CO2] or ambient plus 200 mu mol Co-2 mol(-1) in combination with a fertilization treatment. In the branch chambers, concentrations of total soluble phenolics in needles generally increased with needle age. Concentrations of total soluble phenolics, catechin and PA in needle extracts increased about 11% in response to the elevated [CO2] treatments. There were no significant treatment effects on foliar lignin concentrations. Nitrogen concentrations were about 10% lower in needles from the elevated [CO2] treatments than in needles from the ambient [CO2] treatments. Soluble phenolic and PA concentrations were higher in the control and irrigated soil treatments in about half of the comparisons; otherwise, differences were not statistically significant. Needle N concentrations increased 23% in response to fertilization. Treatment effects on PA and N concentrations were similar between branch and open-top chambers, although in this part of the study N concentrations were not significantly affected by the CO2 treatments in either the branch or open-top chambers. We conclude that elevated [CO2] and low N availability affected foliar chemical composition, which could in turn affect plant-pathogen interactions, decomposition rates and mineral nutrient cycling. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Booker, FL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. NR 57 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 9 BP 609 EP 616 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 443PQ UT WOS:000169349900006 PM 11390305 ER PT J AU Brooks, DR Hoberg, EP AF Brooks, DR Hoberg, EP TI Parasite systematics in the 21st century: opportunities and obstacles SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLATYHELMINTHES; BIODIVERSITY; CERCOMERIA; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; NEMATODA; DIGENEA AB Taxonomic names and phylogenetic hypotheses are indispensable tools for modem biological research, both bash. and applied. Like all disciplines, parasitology suffers from the 'taxonomic impediment' - a global shortage of professional taxonomists and systematists. Only a fraction of the species of parasites on this planet have been identified, and the evolutionary relationships of only a minority of those are understood; thus, information on how to manage parasite biodiversity, including known and potential disease agents, is incomplete. A renewal of systematic parasitology has a key role in redefining the relationship between mankind and the organisms whose biology fascinates us so much. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Anim Biosystemat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brooks, DR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 6 BP 273 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)01894-3 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 458EK UT WOS:000170180100007 PM 11378033 ER PT J AU Kutz, SJ Hoberg, EP Polley, L AF Kutz, SJ Hoberg, EP Polley, L TI A new lungworm in muskoxen: an exploration in Arctic parasitology SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS; OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NEMATODA; PROTOSTRONGYLIDAE; BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Ruminants are vital elements of the Holarctic ecosystem. Little is known, however, of the structure or biology of their parasite fauna, particularly in North America. Global warming, coupled with increasing human activity in the Arctic, requires enhanced international interdisciplinary efforts to better understand the many factors, including parasites, that influence the population health of caribou, reindeer, muskoxen and wild sheep. The discovery of an unusual new genus of protostrongylid lung nematode in muskoxen from the central Canadian Arctic is described, and the intricacies of the parasite's relationship with its muskoxen definitive hosts, its gastropod intermediate hosts and the arctic environment are discussed. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. ARS, USDA, Biosystemat Unit Parasite Biol, Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kutz, SJ (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 6 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)01882-7 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 458EK UT WOS:000170180100008 PM 11378034 ER PT J AU Arnold, JG Allen, PM Morgan, DS AF Arnold, JG Allen, PM Morgan, DS TI Hydrologic model for design and constructed wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE watershed model; base flow filter; water balance; hydroperiod ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; STREAMFLOW RECORDS; WATER-BUDGET; BASE-FLOW; SIMULATION AB The Trinity River Mitigation Bank was proposed to develop and use a mature, contiguous, diverse riparian corridor along the West Fork of the Trinity River near Dallas, Texas, USA. In the proposed wetland design, water would be diverted from Walker Creek as necessary to maintain wetland function. Therefore, assessment of the magnitude and continuity of the flow from Walker Creek was paramount to successful wetland operation. The Soil and Water Assessment (SWAT) model was used to assess whether the sustained flow (storm flow and base flow) from the Walker Creek Basin could maintain the proposed bottomland wetland ecosystem. For this study, SWAT was modified to allow ponded water within the prescribed wetland to interact with the soil profile and the shallow aquifer. The water budget was prepared for the wetland based on a three-step process. First, data required to run the model on Walker Creek, including soils, topographic, land-use, and daily weather data were assembled. Next, data required to validate the model were obtained. Since stream flow was not available at the proposed site, flow from a nearby watershed with similar soils, land use and topography were used. In the final step, the model was run for 14 years and compared to the measured water balance at the nearby watershed. The model results indicate that the wetland should be at or above 85 percent capacity over 60 percent of the time. The wetland did not dry up during the entire simulated time period (14 years) and reached 40 percent capacity less than one percent of the time during the simulation period. The advantages of the continuous simulation approach used in this study include (1) validation of wetland function (hydroperiod, soil water storage, plant water uptake) over a range of climatic conditions and (2) the ability to assess the long-term. impact of land-use and management changes. C1 ARS, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Halff Associates, Dallas, TX 75225 USA. RP Arnold, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 25 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2001)021[0167:HMFDAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 444RG UT WOS:000169412900001 ER PT J AU Trani, MK Brooks, RT Schmidt, TL Rudis, VA Gabbard, CM AF Trani, MK Brooks, RT Schmidt, TL Rudis, VA Gabbard, CM TI Patterns and trends of early successional forests in the eastern United States SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE early successional forest; eastern forests; forest ownership; land-use change ID TIMBER AB We assessed the status of early successional forest conditions for 33 eastern states within the New England, Middle Atlantic, Great Lakes, Central Plains, Coastal South, and Interior South subregions. We used Forest Inventory and Analysis surveys to analyze trends from 1946 to 1998. Dramatic regional differences occurred in distribution of early successional forests. The northeastern region had the least proportion of young forest (16%), followed by the north-central (24%) and southern (29%) regions. The least amount of young forest occurred in the Central Plains (15%) and New England (16%), whereas the greatest occurred in the pine-dominated Coastal South (32%), Differences also existed among individual states, ranging from 3% (Illinois) to 38% (Alabama), Long-term declines also were evident within the northeastern and north-central regions. Selective harvesting, fire suppression, urban sprawl, and cessation of agricultural abandonment contributed to the present imbalance in distribution of young forests. Private ownership predominates in the East and presents a significant challenge to provide young forests. Absence of proactive management on private lands may promote continued declines in early successional forest within many eastern areas. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. Univ Massachusetts, NE Forest Expt Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39760 USA. RP Trani, MK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 5162 Valleypointe Pkwy, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. EM mgriep@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 413 EP 424 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 452LA UT WOS:000169858100003 ER PT J AU Hunter, WC Buehler, DA Canterbury, RA Confer, JL Hamel, PB AF Hunter, WC Buehler, DA Canterbury, RA Confer, JL Hamel, PB TI Conservation of disturbance-dependent birds in eastern North America SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE birds; disturbance; early succession; fire; grasslands; prairies; savanna; shrub-scrub ID CENTRAL HARDWOOD FORESTS; HABITAT USE; WOOD THRUSHES; UNITED-STATES; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOODS; HENSLOWS SPARROWS; AREA SENSITIVITY; NESTING SUCCESS; BREEDING BIRDS; MANAGEMENT AB Populations of most bird species associated with grassland, shrub-scrub habitats, and disturbed areas in forested habitats (hereafter all referred to as disturbance-dependent species) have declined steeply. However, a widespread perception exists that disturbance-dependent species are merely returning to population levels likely found by the first European explorers and settlers. The fact that many disturbance-dependent bird species and subspecies are now extinct, globally rare, threatened, or endangered challenges that perception and raises the question of balance between conservation efforts for birds dependent upon disturbances and birds more closely associated with mature forests. An overall understanding of the status and trends for these disturbance-dependent species requires reconstruction of at least thousands of years of Native American land use followed by 500 years of post-European settlement. Interpretations herein on how to manage for these disturbance-dependent species should support efforts to conserve all landbirds in eastern North America. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Concord Coll, Dept Biol, Athens, WV 24712 USA. Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hunter, WC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1875 Century Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM chuck_hunter@fws.gov NR 89 TC 160 Z9 164 U1 6 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 440 EP 455 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 452LA UT WOS:000169858100005 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH AF Gobster, PH TI Human dimensions of early successional landscapes in the eastern United States SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aesthetics; early succession; forest products; perceptions; recreation ID MANAGEMENT; FORESTRY; STANDS AB People Interactions with early successional landscapes are varied and diverse. I review 3 key ways that people perceive, use, and value forest landscapes, emphasizing selected types of early successional landscapes in the eastern United States (U.S.) production and consumption of timber and nontimber forest products, visual and aesthetic perceptions, and recreational uses and choices. Site- and regional-scale forest planning and design efforts can be improved by better understanding the human dimensions of early successional landscapes, such as siting facilities for recreation and planting native vegetation for aesthetics. Various types of communication, such as signs, brochures, and opportunities for on-the-ground experience, can help interpret the significance of these landscapes to the public for wildlife and human values. I suggest some research directions to increase knowledge about the human dimensions of early successional landscapes. C1 N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Evanston, IL 60202 USA. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, 845 Chicago Ave,Suite 225, Evanston, IL 60202 USA. EM pgobster@fs.fed.us RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 474 EP 482 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 452LA UT WOS:000169858100008 ER PT J AU Thompson, FR DeGraaf, RM AF Thompson, FR DeGraaf, RM TI Conservation approaches for woody, early successional communities in the eastern United States SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE early successional wildlife; historic range of variability; land-management planning; multi-scale; seedling-sapling; shrublands; silviculture ID CENTRAL HARDWOOD FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; MISSOURI; YOUNG AB There is significant concern about the status of some early successional wildlife because of recent declines in populations and amount of habitat in the eastern United States (U.S.). We review types of semi-wooded, early successional habitats in the eastern U.S. and information on their status, and discuss management and planning approaches for their conservation. These habitats are dominated by persistent shrubs, seedling-sapling-sized trees, grasses, and forbs. The area of seedling-sapling forests and many natural shrubland habitats have declined in most of the eastern U.S. Silviculture creates early successional habitats primarily by regenerating stands. The selection of a regeneration method, size and distribution of cuts, and rotation age or reentry period influence availability of these habitats. Multi-scale planning approaches can be used to address regional concerns for these habitats and biological diversity while facilitating landscape and local planning. We suggest that management for early successional communities is an important issue that should be addressed in conservation and land-management planning. Professional land managers and planners and the public need to address how many of these wildlife species we want and how we want them distributed throughout the region. In many landscapes silviculture will play an important role in providing habitat for these species. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Thompson, FR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 62 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 483 EP 494 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 452LA UT WOS:000169858100009 ER PT J AU Knowlton, FF Olmstead, SR AF Knowlton, FF Olmstead, SR TI Using iophenoxic acid injections of prey to identify mammals that feed on them SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE biomarker; Canis latrans; coyote; goat; iophenoxic acid; physiologic marker; predation ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; RHODAMINE-B; MARKER; TETRACYCLINE; BIOMARKER; ANIMALS; GOATS AB Identifying species or individuals that feed upon other species of animals is an important aspect of some predation studies. We evaluated the effectiveness with which the biomark associated with iophenoxic acid (IA) injections was transferred from domestic goats to coyotes (Canis latrans) that fed on them. We injected doses of 100, 300, or 1,000 mg of 1A into goats to raise serum iodine levels, fed meat from the injected goats to coyotes, and monitored serum iodine levels in both species for about 120 days. Within 3 days, mean serum iodine levels in goats increased from 5.33 mcg/100 ml to over 2,847, 10,233, and 11,567 mcg/100 ml, respectively, for the 100-, 300-, and 1,000-mg IA treatments. A gradual dissipation of serum iodine concentrations in the goats ensued, approaching mean levels of 943, 3,213, and 6,310 mcg/100 ml of serum by day 120. When we fed coyotes (2/treatment) 500 g of meat from IA-treated goats, mean serum iodine levels among the coyotes increased within 2 days from 8 mcg/100 ml to 194, 410, and 645 mcg/100 ml of serum respectively for the 3 treatments. Mean serum iodine concentrations among these coyotes then declined systematically to 30, 45, and 82 mcg/100 ml of serum 112 days after ingestion. When we fed coyotes 500 g of meat from goats slaughtered 120 days after they had been injected with IA, mean serum iodine levels increased From base levels (8 mcg/100 ml of serum) to 69, 242, and 526 mcg/100 ml respectively for the 100-, 300-, and 1,000-mg treatments. We concluded that we were able to detect coyotes that fed on marked goats any time during a 120-day period after the goats were treated. Nonlinear regression analysis suggested a relation between levels of serum iodine achieved and IA dose rate (mg/kg) received by the goats, with iodine levels reaching saturation with intramuscular injections of 25-30 mg/kg IA. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Knowlton, FF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 495 EP 500 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 452LA UT WOS:000169858100010 ER PT J AU Smith, WP Harke, VL AF Smith, WP Harke, VL TI Marbled murrelet surveys: site and annual variation, sampling effort, and statistical power SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE annual variation; dawn survey; marbled murrelet; power; sample size; southeastern Alaska; spatial variation ID DETECTING TRENDS; ALASKA AB Populations of the marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) have declined and become fragmented throughout the Pacific Northwest, apparently because of the loss of older forests from logging. Because clearcut logging continues throughout a large portion of the bird's range, there is a pressing need to develop rigorous monitoring protocols. We conducted 10-minute dawn surveys at fixed point-count stations along 2 roadway segments during mid-July 1991-1996 to quantify annual and with in-year spatial variation in detecting marbled murrelets. Mean detections/station (pooled across stations) varied among years and ranged from 11.3 to 33.8. The greatest within-year difference among stations was a range of 0-74 detections, which occurred in the same vicinity in 1994; within-year variation between roadway segments was not significant (F-1,F-21 = 0.46, P = 0.51). For a specified effect size of 0.40, we determined that the sample size needed to detect significant differences among years, for alpha = 0.05 and power (1-beta) = 0.95, was 22 point-count stations. Number of years required to detect an annual decrease in detection of 10% with one visit to a station/year varied according to the precision of estimates, which varied annually and ranged between 28-46 years and 12-19 years for alpha = beta = 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. By visiting each station 20 or 12 times annually, it may be possible to detect a 10% annual decrease in detection in 6 years (i.e., 50% cumulative decline) without compromising power or error rate. Assuming that dawn survey detections reasonably index habitat distribution or relative abundance, these results provide preliminary estimates of sampling effort necessary to detect local population decline or within-year differences in murrelet habitat distribution in the Yakutat Foreland of southeastern Alaska. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Tongass Natl Forest, Yakutat Ranger Dist, Yakutat, AK 99689 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Winston_Smith@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 568 EP 577 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 452LA UT WOS:000169858100019 ER PT J AU Peitz, DG Shelton, MG Tappe, PA AF Peitz, DG Shelton, MG Tappe, PA TI Forage production after thinning a natural loblolly pine-hardwood stand to different basal areas SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; basal area; biomass; browse; competition; coverage; forage; hardwoods; Pinus taeda; thinning ID WHITE-TAILED DEER AB Mixed pine (Pinus spp,)-hardwood forests are common in the southern United States (U.S,), but little quantitative information exists on the response of understory forage to reductions in basal area from thinning. We determined understory forage characteristics before thinning and 2 and 4 years after thinning a 35-year-old natural loblolly pine (P. taeda)-hardwood stand (initially 27 m(2)/ha of pine and 8 m(2)/ha of hardwood basal area). A combination of 3 loblolly pine (15, 18, and 21 m(2)/ha) and 3 hardwood (0, 3.5, and 7 m2/ha) basal areas was replicated 3 times, resulting in 27 0.08-ha plots. Understory coverage and forage biomass were determined on 25 understory plots systematically located within each plot, with data analyzed using analysis of variance and regression. Herbaceous forage biomass and coverage and light intensity were correlated negatively (P< 0.05) with retained pine and hardwood basal areas, with hardwood basal area being the more important factor, Stand thinning improved herbaceous forage availability for wildlife, but the response was time-dependent. Forage from woody browse and vines also increased following stand thinning, although responses were not as time-dependent as herbaceous forages, Results of our study indicate that managers can manipulate forage production by thinning stands to prescribed basal areas and compositions. C1 Univ Arkansas, US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Peitz, DG (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Wilsons Creek Natl Battlefield, 6424 W Farm Rd 182, Republic, MO 65738 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 697 EP 705 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 452LA UT WOS:000169858100034 ER PT J AU King, DI DeGraaf, RM Griffin, CR AF King, DI DeGraaf, RM Griffin, CR TI Plumage coloration and reproductive success in male chestnut-sided warblers SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; MATURATION; EVOLUTION; HYPOTHESES AB We studied Chestnut-sided Warblers (Dendroica pensylvanica) to determine whether there exists any relationship between plumage coloration and reproductive success in this species. We observed that males with more extensive chestnut breast coloration initiated nests significantly earlier than males with less chestnut, and had marginally larger clutch sizes as well. However, there was no significant relationship between the number of young fledged or the condition of the young and the extent of chestnut breast coloration. nor were there any significant relationships between any of these measures of reproductive success and the extent of yellow crown coloration. The extent of chestnut coloration on the breast was significantly less for males in their first breeding season, suggesting that the relationships between the extent of breast coloration and reproductive success may reflect age specific differences in these parameters. C1 Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 113 IS 2 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2001)113[0239:PCARSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 525DN UT WOS:000174053600015 ER PT J AU Conner, RN Shackelford, CE Saenz, D Schaefer, RR AF Conner, RN Shackelford, CE Saenz, D Schaefer, RR TI Interactions between nesting Pileated Woodpeckers and Wood Ducks SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CAVITIES AB We observed interactions between a nesting pair of Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) and what appeared to be four pairs of Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa). Wood Ducks regularly approached and attempted to enter an active Pileated Woodpecker nest cavity that contained three fully feathered young Pileated Woodpeckers. The male Pileated Woodpecker often perched oil a snag near their nest cavity to guard the entrance front Wood Ducks. Female Wood Ducks attempted to enter the Pileated Woodpecker nest cavity on at least 12 occasions and typically were intercepted by the male Pileated Woodpecker before they reached the lip of the nest cavity. On two occasions the male Pileated Woodpecker entered his nest cavity and forcibly evicted female Wood Ducks that had slipped into the cavity. These incidents suggest that large cavities in snags may be in high demand by Wood Ducks during the nesting season. Our observations suggest that some Pileated Woodpeckers may be able to resist attempts by Wood Ducks to Usurp nest cavities during the breeding season. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78704 USA. RP Conner, RN (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 113 IS 2 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2001)113[0250:IBNPWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 525DN UT WOS:000174053600019 ER PT J AU Sandoval-Coronado, CF Luna-Olvera, HA Arevalo-Nino, K Jackson, MA Poprawski, TJ Galan-Wong, LJ AF Sandoval-Coronado, CF Luna-Olvera, HA Arevalo-Nino, K Jackson, MA Poprawski, TJ Galan-Wong, LJ TI Drying and formulation of blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Hyphomycetes) produced in two different liquid media SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air-drying; blastospores; calcined kaolin clay; desiccation tolerance; formulation; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; submerged culture ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; CULTURE; TOLERANCE; GROWTH AB Formulation matrices can play an important role in improving the storage survival and biocontrol efficacy of microorganisms used for the control of pest insects. In this study, liquid culture-produced blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were formulated with different inert and organic materials prior to air-drying. Paecilomyces fumosoroseus blastospores were produced in two different liquid media, a basal salts medium supplemented with Casamino acids and glucose (LM1) and a medium containing peptone of collagen and glucose (LM2). Blastospores produced in the two test media were formulated with various supports. The formulation supports were cornstarch, rice flour, talc powders, Mexican lime, calcined kaolin clay, and diatomaceous earth. Several of the supports were tested at different concentrations. The initial and long-term (after storage at 4 and 28 degreesC) survival of the formulated, air-dried blastospores were evaluated. Initial blastospore viabilities were affected by the formulation material and by the blastospore production medium. Medium composition, drying support and storage temperature had an impact on the long-term survival of the blastospores. Under the conditions of the study, LM1 produced higher concentrations of blastospores that not only survived drying better than blastospores produced in LM2 but also maintained viability longer during storage in the formulation supports tested. The nature of the drying supports was shown to have a significant impact on the storage stability of all blastospores, particularly those produced in LM1. Under the production, drying and storage conditions used in the study, calcined kaolin clay formulations stored at 4 degreesC had the best storage stability. In all formulations tested, spore survival over time was reduced for blastospore formulations stored at 28 degreesC rather than 4 degreesC. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. Texas A&M Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1023/A:1016757608789 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 452PP UT WOS:000169867400017 ER PT J AU Stellflug, JJ Hatfield, PG Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Walker, JW AF Stellflug, JJ Hatfield, PG Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Walker, JW TI Reproductive performance of ewe lambs from ewes from different selection practices with or without induced estrus SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; ewe lambs; pregnancy; selection; synchronization ID TARGHEE; SHEEP AB Three groups of ewe lambs born in May (experiment 1; n = 211) or April (experiment 2; n = 174) were used to evaluate the effects of selection line and induction of estrus on pregnancy rate. Experiment 1 was a single factor experiment with induction of estrus as the main effect. In early December, May-born Targhee (n = 82) and Rambouillet x Targhee (n = 129) ewes were randomly assigned within body weight to one of two treatment groups: control or induction of estrus. Experiment 2 was designed in a 2 x 2 factorial array with the main effects of induction of estrus or selection line. In early November, April-born Targhee lambs (n = 174) from two distinct selection lines were either treated as controls or received an estrus induction treatment. The two lines included an unselected control line of randomly bred ewes and a line that had bren selected since 1976, based on the weight of lamb weaned. Ewes from each line were randomly assigned within body weight to one of the treatment groups. In experiments 1 and 2, estrus was induced using MAP pessaries. Pessaries were inserted for 12 days. At the time of pessary removal, ewe lambs received 400IU eCG i.m. All ewe lambs were bred in multi-sire pens. Pregnancy rate and fetal numbers were determined either by lambing data or real-time ultrasound. Body weight, lambing date and fetal numbers were analyzed by GLM, and remaining variables were analyzed by CAT-MOD. For experiment 1, estrus induction increased (P < 0.01) pregnancy rates (61 versus 31%) and number of fetuses estimated by real-time ultrasound (79 versus 35%) compared to control ewe lambs. Pregnancy rate and fetal number were increased (P < 0.01) for the 1st year compared to the 2nd year. For experiment 2, estrus induction tended to increase (P 0.07) pregnancy rate, and pregnancy rate differed (P < 0.01) between selection lines. Estrus induction increased (P < 0.05) fetal numbers (0.96) compared to controls (0.77). Fetal numbers were greater (P < 0.01) for the selected line (1.06) compared to random bred controls (0.67). Average date of lambing was earlier in both e experiments for the estrus-induced ewe lambs compared to controls. These results indicate that induction of estrus can be recommended if increased reproduction is desired for ewe lambs.. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. RP Stellflug, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD MAY 31 PY 2001 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0378-4320(01)00096-3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 432ET UT WOS:000168679800005 PM 11348781 ER PT J AU Wang, L Briggs, CE Rothemund, D Fratamico, P Luchansky, JB Reeves, PR AF Wang, L Briggs, CE Rothemund, D Fratamico, P Luchansky, JB Reeves, PR TI Sequence of the E-coli O104 antigen gene cluster and identification of O104 specific genes SO GENE LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction (PCR); pathogenic; E. coli; molecular typing; serotyping ID O-ANTIGEN; SIALIC-ACID; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; POLYSACCHARIDE; EXPRESSION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; GENERATION; SEROTYPE; CLONING; REGION AB The Escherichia coli O104 polysaccharide is an important antigen, which contains sialic acid and is often associated with EHEC clones. Sialic acid is a component of many animal tissues, and its presence in bacterial polysaccharides may contribute to bacterial pathogenicity. Wr sequenced the genes responsible for O104 antigen synthesis and have found genes which from their sequences are identified as an O antigen polymerase gene, an O antigen flippase gene, three CMP-sialic acid synthesis genes, and three potential glycosyl transferase genes. The E. coli K9 group IB capsular antigen has the same structure as the 0104 O antigen, and we find using gene by gene PCR that the K9 gene cluster is essentially the same as that for 0104. It appears that the distinction between presence as group IB capsule or O antigen for this structure does not involve any difference in genes present in the O antigen gene cluster. By PCR testing against representative strains for the 166 E. coli O antigens and some randomly selected Gram-negative bacteria, we identified three O antigen genes which are highly specific to 0104/K9. This work; provides the basis for a sensitive test for rapid detection of O104 E. coli. This is important both for decisions on patient care as early treatment may reduce the risk of life-threatening complications and for a faster response in control of food borne outbreaks. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Dept Microbiol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Reeves, PR (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Microbiol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM reeves@angis.org.au RI Reeves, Peter/A-6064-2008; Wang, Lei/C-5176-2009 OI Reeves, Peter/0000-0003-4479-7974; NR 24 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAY 30 PY 2001 VL 270 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00471-1 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 447BQ UT WOS:000169549000023 PM 11404020 ER PT J AU Tuo, WB Zhuang, DY Knowles, DP Cheevers, WP Sy, MS O'Rourke, KI AF Tuo, WB Zhuang, DY Knowles, DP Cheevers, WP Sy, MS O'Rourke, KI TI PrP-C and PrP-Sc at the fetal-maternal interface SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CELLULAR PRION PROTEINS; SCRAPIE-ASSOCIATED FORM; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; SHEEP PLACENTA; TRANSMISSION; RESISTANT; DIAGNOSIS; CELLS; BRAIN AB Scrapie is a naturally occurring prion (PrP) disease causing a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in sheep and goats. Previous studies suggest that scrapie is transmitted naturally through exposure to the scrapie agent in wasted placentas of infected ewes, This study determined the distribution and biochemical properties of PrP cellular (PrP-C) and the distribution of PrP scrapie (PrP-Sc) in reproductive, placental, and selected fetal tissues and fetal fluids in sheep. Glycosylated, N-terminally truncated, proteinase K-sensitive PrP-C with apparent molecular masses of 23-37 kDa was present in reproductive, placental, and fetal tissues and fetal fluids. PrP-C was low or undetectable in intercotyledonary chorioallantois, amnion, urachus, amniotic fluid, and fetal urine. In pregnant ewes, cotyledonary chorioallantois, allantoic fluid, and caruncular endometrium contained higher levels of PrP-C than did intercaruncular endometrium, myometrium, oviduct, ovary, fetal bladder, or fetal kidney, Caruncular endometrial PrP-C was up-regulated during pregnancy, Despite the wide distribution of PrP-C in reproductive, placental, and selected fetal tissues and fetal fluid, PrP-Sc was detected only in caruncular endometrium and cotyledonary chorioallantois of pregnant scrapie-infected ewes, The embryo/fetus may not be exposed to scrapie in utero because it is separated physically from PrP-positive allantois and chorioallantois by PrP-negative amnion. C1 ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Tuo, WB (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 48 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 25 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 21 BP 18229 EP 18234 DI 10.1074/jbc.M008887200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 435FJ UT WOS:000168866500083 PM 11274195 ER PT J AU Oren, R Ellsworth, DS Johnsen, KH Phillips, N Ewers, BE Maier, C Schafer, KVR McCarthy, H Hendrey, G McNulty, SG Katul, GG AF Oren, R Ellsworth, DS Johnsen, KH Phillips, N Ewers, BE Maier, C Schafer, KVR McCarthy, H Hendrey, G McNulty, SG Katul, GG TI Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; GLOBAL CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; BALANCE; GROWTH; AIR; FEEDBACKS; BIOSPHERE AB Northern mid-latitude forests are a large terrestrial carbon sink(1-4). Ignoring nutrient limitations, large increases in carbon sequestration from carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization are expected in these forests(5). Yet, forests are usually relegated to sites of moderate to poor fertility, where tree growth is often limited by nutrient supply, in particular nitrogen(6,7). Here we present evidence that estimates of increases in carbon sequestration of forests, which is expected to partially compensate for increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, are unduly optimistic(8). In two forest experiments on maturing pines exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2, the CO2-induced biomass carbon increment without added nutrients was undetectable at a nutritionally poor site, and the stimulation at a nutritionally moderate site was transient, stabilizing at a marginal gain after three years. However, a large synergistic gain from higher CO2 and nutrients was detected with nutrients added. This gain was even larger at the poor site (threefold higher than the expected additive effect) than at the moderate site (twofold higher). Thus, fertility can restrain the response of wood carbon sequestration to increased atmospheric CO2. Assessment of future carbon sequestration should consider the limitations imposed by soil fertility, as well as interactions with nitrogen deposition. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US Forest Serv, So Global Climate Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Oren, R (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Ewers, Brent/A-9696-2008; OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272; McCarthy, Heather R/0000-0002-2219-5182 NR 30 TC 616 Z9 657 U1 35 U2 250 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 24 PY 2001 VL 411 IS 6836 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1038/35078064 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 435CB UT WOS:000168858700046 PM 11373677 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP AF Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP TI Determination of the activity of pyrantel tartrate against Sarcocystis neurona in gamma-interferon gene knockout mice SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrantel tartrate; Sarcocystis neurona; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM); gamma-interferon gene knockout mouse ID DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; HORSES AB Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is the most important protozoal disease of horses in the United States. Some horse owners and equine clinicians believe that horses which are on daily pyrantel tartrate at 2.64 mg/kg for helminth prophylaxis are less likely to develop EPM. The present study examined the efficacy of pyrantel tartrate in preventing clinical disease in gamma -interferon gene knockout (BALB/c-Ifng(tm1ts)) mice. No activity was seen against sporocyst-induced Sarcocystis neurona infections in mice treated prophylacticly with 4-5 mg pyrantel tartrate per mouse per day in the drinking water. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 22 PY 2001 VL 97 IS 2 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00405-8 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 439GT UT WOS:000169103000006 PM 11358629 ER PT J AU Wickel, AJ Jackson, TJ Wood, EF AF Wickel, AJ Jackson, TJ Wood, EF TI Multitemporal monitoring of soil moisture with RADARSAT SAR during the 1997 Southern Great Plains hydrology experiment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BARE SOIL; SURFACE; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; SCATTERING AB Multitemporal RADARSAT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery was evaluated for monitoring soil moisture during the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment (SGP97). Over the 1-month experiment a total of 10 RADARSAT (C-band; 5.3 GHz; HH polarized) acquisitions were obtained. After co-registration of the images, the dependence of the backscattering coefficient (sigma degrees) on incidence angle (theta) was evaluated. An angular correction scheme was applied to the data and the correlation of sigma degrees values with volumetric soil moisture measurements was determined. A high positive correlation between the two was observed for wheat stubble fields, whereas no correlation could be observed for pasture fields. A change detection approach yielded a correlation of soil moisture changes to sigma degrees changes for wheat stubble fields, indicating the potential of this method for soil moisture monitoring. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wickel, AJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hydrol Lab, 104 Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Wood, Eric/0000-0001-7037-9675 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY 20 PY 2001 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1571 EP 1583 DI 10.1080/01431160120291 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 437EK UT WOS:000168977600012 ER PT J AU Brown, F AF Brown, F TI Safe vaccine SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Brown, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC PI ELMONT PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD MAY 19 PY 2001 VL 170 IS 2291 BP 54 EP 55 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 435LX UT WOS:000168883900044 ER PT J AU Chen, XL Lee, K Hartzell, DL Dean, RG Hausman, GJ McGraw, RA Della-Fera, MA Baile, CA AF Chen, XL Lee, K Hartzell, DL Dean, RG Hausman, GJ McGraw, RA Della-Fera, MA Baile, CA TI Adipocyte insensitivity to insulin in growth hormone-transgenic mice SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; adipogenesis; insulin; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; GLUT4; C/EBP alpha; C/EBP beta; preadipocyte factor-1; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; leptin ID GENE-EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION; LEPTIN; PREADIPOCYTES; RECEPTOR; BINDING; PROTEIN; CELLS; GAMMA AB Growth hormone (GH) has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, and its effect is associated with insulin action in obesity. In this study, the relationship between GH effect on insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation in vivo was investigated. Transgenic (TG) female mice expressing porcine GH had reduced body weights and weights of retroperitoneal and parametrial fat depots. Insulin treatment increased PPAR gamma and GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue of WT mice but had no effect in TG mice. Content of transcription factors, PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha and beta, was higher in adipose tissue of WT mice, and for C/EBP alpha and PPAR gamma, the difference occurred primarily in 24-, compared to 12-week-old, mice. Expression of preadipocyte factor-1 was higher in adipose tissue of TG mice, and expression of TNF-alpha and leptin was reduced in adipose tissue of 24-week-old TG mice. Our results suggest that increased expression of GH reduces adipogenesis by inducing adipocyte resistance to the adipogenic effect of insulin. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NIDDK, Diabet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baile, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, 444 Anim Sci Complex, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RI Lee, Kichoon/G-2234-2012; OI Della-Fera, Mary Anne/0000-0002-6660-8727 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAY 18 PY 2001 VL 283 IS 4 BP 933 EP 937 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4882 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 436GP UT WOS:000168928400034 PM 11350075 ER PT J AU Canfield, HE Lopes, VL Goodrich, DC AF Canfield, HE Lopes, VL Goodrich, DC TI Hillslope characteristics and particle size composition of surficial armoring on a semiarid watershed in the southwestern United States SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE armoring; hillslope erosion; slope aspect; semiarid; spatial variability; digital elevation model (DEM) ID ROCK-FRAGMENT COVER; DESERT PAVEMENTS; SOIL; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; ARIZONA; EROSION; SPAIN AB Distributed process-based hydrologic models have been used to describe and predict the movement of sediment on small watersheds. However, to parameterize these models requires an understanding of the spatial variability of erosion processes and the particle sizes of the sediment being moved. In this study, a high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and detailed sediment particle sampling allowed a comparison of hillslope characteristics and particle sizes of surficial armoring in a semiarid watershed. Individual particle size classes on hillslopes are correlated with the underlying sediment type, local slope, aspect, and area draining through a grid element. The strongest correlations are between the underlying sediment and overlying sediment. However, the distribution of the particle size classes is consistent with a hydrodynamic explanation for sorting. In particular, increased area draining through a grid node and increased slope are correlated with higher concentrations of the 16-64-mm particle size class. Both the coarsest and finest particle size classes are significantly correlated with the aspect of flow from a grid cell, with increased coarse particles and decreased fines on east-facing slopes. These spatial differences with aspect are attributed to dry season prevailing winds. These observations about process and spatial distribution are useful in predicting the spatial distribution of particles on the watershed for applications such as distributed hydrologic models. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, NRCS, St Michaels, AZ 86511 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Canfield, HE (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, POB 499, St Michaels, AZ 86511 USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAY 18 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00154-5 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 419UP UT WOS:000167967300001 ER PT J AU Cammeraat, ELH Herrick, JE AF Cammeraat, ELH Herrick, JE TI Soil Aggregation in arid and semi-arid environments - Introduction SO CATENA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Cammeraat, Erik/G-2863-2010 OI Cammeraat, Erik/0000-0003-4398-206X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAY 18 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 1 BP 25 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00172-7 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 419UP UT WOS:000167967300003 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Whitford, WG de Soyza, AG Van Zee, JW Havstad, KM Seybold, CA Walton, M AF Herrick, JE Whitford, WG de Soyza, AG Van Zee, JW Havstad, KM Seybold, CA Walton, M TI Field soil aggregate stability kit for soil quality and rangeland health evaluations SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Soil Aggregation in Semi-Arid and Arid Lands CY MAY 08-10, 1997 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP IGU GERTEC DE soil structure; soil aggregation; methods; soil properties; soil quality; rangeland health ID WATER AB Soil aggregate stability is widely recognized as a key indicator of soil quality and rangeland health. However, few standard methods exist for quantifying soil stability in the field. A stability kit is described which can be inexpensively and easily assembled with minimal tools. It permits up to Is samples to be evaluated in less than 10 min and eliminates the need for transportation, minimizing damage to soil structure. The kit consists of two 21 x 10.5 x 3.5 cm plastic boxes divided into eighteen 3.5 X 3.5 cm sections, eighteen 2.5-cm diameter sieves with 1.5-mm distance openings and a small spatula used for soil sampling. Soil samples are rated on a scale from one to six based on a combination of ocular observations of slaking during the first 5 min following immersion in distilled water, and the percent remaining on a 1.5-mm sieve after five dipping cycles at the end of the 5-min period. A laboratory comparison yielded a correlation between the stability class and percent aggregate stability based on oven dry weight remaining after treatment using a mechanical sieve. We have applied the method in a wide variety of agricultural and natural ecosystems throughout western North America, including northern Mexico, and have found that it is highly sensitive to differences in management and plant community composition. Although the field kit cannot replace the careful laboratory-based measurements of soil aggregate stability, it can clearly provide valuable information when these more intensive procedures are not possible. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US EPA, ORD, NERL, Environm Sci Div Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89113 USA. Oregon State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 15 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAY 18 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00173-9 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 419UP UT WOS:000167967300004 ER PT J AU Seybold, CA Herrick, JE AF Seybold, CA Herrick, JE TI Aggregate stability kit for soil quality assessments SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Soil Aggregation in Semi-Arid and Arid Lands CY MAY 08-10, 1997 CL LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO SP IGU GERTEC DE aggregate stability; method; soil management; soil quality ID WATER-STABLE AGGREGATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SYSTEMS AB Aggregate stability affects soil strength and, therefore, the soil's ability to transmit liquids and gases, which are important functions for crop production and ecosystem health. Because aggregate stability is an indicator of vital soil functions, it can be used to assess soil quality. For soil quality assessments, there is a need for a quantitative field method for measuring aggregate stability that simple to perform, low cost, and available for routine assessments by land managers. A method is presented that follows the commonly used or standard single-sieve wet-sieving method for aggregate stability. A combination of manual sieving and drying apparatus is constructed from a trunk-style tackle box. Sieves are constructed from a 60-mesh screen and PVC reducing adapters. The method requires manual sieving, 30 cycles per minute (0.5 cycles/s) for 3 min. Percent water aggregate stabilities from the proposed manual sieving technique were not significantly different from aggregate stabilities obtained from the mechanical wet sieving technique. The proposed low cost method was able to distinguish differences in aggregate stability caused by differences in soil type and land use. This low cost method provides a tool that can be used in conjunction with other measurements to assess relative differences in soil quality. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Dept 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Seybold, CA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, ALS Bldg,Rm 3017, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAY 18 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00175-2 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 419UP UT WOS:000167967300005 ER PT J AU Claridge, AW Trappe, JM Castellano, MA AF Claridge, AW Trappe, JM Castellano, MA TI Australasian truffle-like fungi. X. Gymnopaxillus (Basidiomycota, Austropaxillaceae) SO AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; DIVERSITY AB The genus Gymnopaxillus, previously known only from Chile and Argentina, has been found in south-eastern Australia. Two new species, G. nudus and G. vestitus, are described, and the generic description is emended to include hypogeous species with bilaterally symmetric spores and a peridium. Gymnopaxillus spp. are characterised by a yellow to golden-brown, bright cinnamon or ferruginous, loculate, columella-bearing gleba containing boletoid spores that appear vivid golden-yellow in KOH. Molecular phylogeny indicates that the genus is related to the Southern Hemisphere ectomycorrhizal genus Austropaxillus rather than to Paxillus and is placed in the Austropaxillaceae. C1 New S Wales Natl Parks & Wildlife Serv, Threatened Species Unit, So Directorate, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia. CSIRO Wildlife & Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Claridge, AW (reprint author), New S Wales Natl Parks & Wildlife Serv, Threatened Species Unit, So Directorate, POB 2115, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1030-1887 J9 AUST SYST BOT JI Aust. Syst. Bot. PD MAY 17 PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1071/SB00012 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 432UJ UT WOS:000168713800007 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Haygarth, PM AF Turner, BL Haygarth, PM TI Biogeochemistry - Phosphorus solubilization in rewetted soils SO NATURE LA English DT Article C1 Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Soil Sci Grp, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Haygarth, Philip/F-6790-2014 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; NR 6 TC 210 Z9 219 U1 8 U2 77 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 17 PY 2001 VL 411 IS 6835 BP 258 EP 258 DI 10.1038/35077146 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 432RT UT WOS:000168710000032 PM 11357117 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ AF Mitchell, AJ TI Finfish health in the United States (1609-1969): historical perspective, pioneering researchers and fish health workers, and annotated bibliography SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Review DE fish health; fish disease; fish parasitology; history; annotated bibliography; history of fish health; United States; fish health history ID DISEASES AB The importance of fish health studies prior to the 1970s is largely ignored by US fish health investigators. This is because today's literature searches rarely obtain research information prior to 1970. The absence of this earlier literature can result in the duplication of research efforts and missing data that could change the course of a scientific investigation. This is particularly true for studies in fish parasitology. Much of the descriptive literature done between 1900 and 1950 is still valid today and may be the only work available for reference. Older data is also important to understanding disease origin and disease etiology. Information on diseased fish from the geographic region, now known as the United States of America, was first recorded in about 1609 when Captain John Smith described a fish kill. In the 19th century, more than 250 pieces of literature written by US investigators were retrieved that described diseases and parasites of fish. After 1899. only the studies of more prominent fish health specialists. as determined by publication records, have been highlighted. In general, this review documents the development of fish health studies in the US. It serves as a historical document, but more importantly as a resource of older works important to today's scientific studies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 860, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 415 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 196 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 347 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00547-6 PG 92 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 427HK UT WOS:000168398600013 ER PT J AU Tello, M Seelenfreund, D Lobos, S Gaskell, J Cullen, D Vicuna, R AF Tello, M Seelenfreund, D Lobos, S Gaskell, J Cullen, D Vicuna, R TI Isolation and characterization of homokaryotic strains from the ligninolytic basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE homokaryon; basidiomycete; manganese peroxidase; ligninolytic; Ceriporiopsis subvermispora ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM ME446; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE ISOENZYMES; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; GENE; DEGRADATION; PURIFICATION; MONOKARYONS; EXPRESSION AB Genetic analyses of the lignin-degrading fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora is complicated by a dikaryotic nuclear condition and the absence of sport: forms. Previous investigations had identified a family of closely related sequences encoding manganese peroxidase (MnP), but the relationship between genes and allelic variants could not be experimentally established. Addressing this issue, homokaryotic derivatives of C. subvermipora strain FP105752 were isolated from regenerated protoplasts. Designated CsA and CsB. their homokaryotic nature was established by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequence analysis of the allelic variants of three MnP genes. Isoelectrofocusing revealed fewer MnP isoenzymes in filtrates of homokaryon cultures relative to the parental strain. The homokaryotic strains will simplify genetic analyses, particularly the identification of neu genes. (C) 2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Genet Mol & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Quim & Farmaceut, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, Lab Bioquim Gen, Santiago, Chile. Millenium Inst Fundamental & Appl Biol, Santiago, Chile. RP Vicuna, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Genet Mol & Microbiol, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. OI Tello, Mario/0000-0003-4573-6460 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 199 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10656.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 435NX UT WOS:000168888500015 PM 11356573 ER PT J AU Wilson, JS Baker, PJ AF Wilson, JS Baker, PJ TI Flexibility in forest management: managing uncertainty in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE management flexibility; Douglas-fir; wind stability; management objectives ID WINDTHROW AB Long planning horizons generate substantial uncertainty in forest management, making management flexibility, the ability to choose between multiple options or opportunities, a desirable attribute of managed forests. Flexibility in forest management reflects both the relative rigidity of intervention requirements and the potential range of development pathways for a stand. The wind stability of Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] France) plantations is used to demonstrate the concept of management flexibility Dense Douglazs-fir plantations develop high height to diameter ratios (H/D same units) in the dominant trees making them unstable and prone to wind damage. The management of these plantations is inflexible, because without early and timely thinning, the stands do not contain stable trees that could be expected to survive long rotations or late thinnings. A combination of reduced planting densities and site-specific management reduces both the necessity and rigidity of intervention requirements (e.g., thinning) and expands the number of potential developmental pathways for these stands. The cost of greater management flexibility is reduced efficiency of wood volume production: however, greater adaptability to changing markets, labor conditions, and management objectives may be more important for many forest owners. While this approach to management is complex, it frees owners and managers from rigid management requirements and allows for a wider range of future stand conditions. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Hancock, NH 03449 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wilson, JS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 562 Kings Highway, Hancock, NH 03449 USA. OI Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 145 IS 3 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00419-9 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 426TP UT WOS:000168364700006 ER PT J AU Snook, CS Hyman, SS Del Piero, F Palmer, JE Ostlund, EN Barr, BS Desrochers, AM Reilly, LK AF Snook, CS Hyman, SS Del Piero, F Palmer, JE Ostlund, EN Barr, BS Desrochers, AM Reilly, LK TI West Nile virus encephalomyelitis in eight horses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DISEASE C1 Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS,Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Snook, CS (reprint author), Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Sq, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 218 IS 10 BP 1576 EP 1579 DI 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1576 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 431KN UT WOS:000168630500019 PM 11393367 ER PT J AU Bunzel, M Ralph, J Marita, JM Hatfield, RD Steinhart, H AF Bunzel, M Ralph, J Marita, JM Hatfield, RD Steinhart, H TI Diferulates as structural components in soluble and insoluble cereal dietary fibre SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE ferulic acid; ferulate; diferulic acids; diferulates; dietary fibre; cereals; arabinoxylans; cell wall cross-linking ID FERULIC ACID DEHYDRODIMERS; OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; CELL-WALLS; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; BAMBOO SHOOT; FIBER; ARABINOXYLANS; LIGNIN; BRAN; OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB C;ell wall cross-linking can have a substantial effect on the properties of the wall. To estimate cross-linking between arabinoxylans) in cereal fibres, dehydrodiferulate levels were measured in soluble and insoluble dietary fibre (SDF and IDF) isolated from whole grains of maize (Zea mays L), wheat (Triticum. aestivum L), spelt (Triticum spelta L), rice (Oryza sativa L), wild rice (Zizania aquatica Lj, barley (Hordeum vulgare L), rye (Secale cereale Lj, oat (Avena ena sativa L) and millet (Panicum miliaceum L). After saponification of the cereal fibres the extracts were investigated for dehydrodimers of ferulic acid using GLC-MS and GLC-FID. From most cereal IDF the whole spectrum of dehydrodiferulic acids (DFAs) (8-5 '-, 8-8 '-, 5-5 '-, 8-O-4 '- and 4-O-5 ' -coupled) could be identified. The absolute contents of total DFAs ranged between 2.4 and 12.6 mg g(-1). With the exception of 4-O-5 ' -coupled DFA, the whole range of DFAs was also detected from cereal SDF but only in amounts 40-230 mug g(-1). It was estimated that arabinoxylans of cereal IDF contain 8-39 times more diferulates than arabinoxylans of cereal SDF (where measurement of DFA levels in SDF was possible). In cereal IDF, 8-5 ' -coupled dimers dominated. whereas in cereal SDF, 8-8 ' -coupled dimers were relatively enhanced and often became the major dimers. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Hamburg, Dept Food Chem, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Hamburg, Dept Food Chem, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM steinhart@lc.chemie.uni-hamburg.de NR 40 TC 181 Z9 194 U1 4 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 81 IS 7 BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.1002/jsfa.861 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 427VC UT WOS:000168425300007 ER PT J AU Eiceman, GA Tadjikov, B Krylov, E Nazarov, EG Miller, RA Westbrook, J Funk, P AF Eiceman, GA Tadjikov, B Krylov, E Nazarov, EG Miller, RA Westbrook, J Funk, P TI Miniature radio-frequency mobility analyzer as a gas chromatographic detector for oxygen-containing volatile organic compounds, pheromones and other insect attractants SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE radio-frequency ion mobility spectrometry; detection, GC; volatile organic compounds; pheromones; aldehydes; ethers; esters; alcohols ID FIELD; SPECTROMETRY; SEPARATION; CHEMISTRY AB A high electric field, radio-frequency ion mobility spectrometry (RF-IMS) analyzer was used as a small detector in gas chromatographic separations of mixtures of volatile organic compounds including alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, pheromones, and other chemical attractants for insects. The detector was equipped with a 2 mCi Ni-63 ion source and the drift region for ion characterization was 5 mm wide, 15 mm long and 0.5 mm high. The rate of scanning for the compensation voltages was 60 V s(-1) and permitted four to six scans to be obtained across a capillary chromatographic elution profile for each component. The RF-IMS scans were characteristic of a compound and provided a second dimension of chemical identity to chromatographic retention adding specificity in instances of co-elution. Limits of detection were 1.6-55X10(-11) g with an average detection limit for all chemicals of 9.4X10(-11) g. Response to mass was linear from 2-50X10(-10) g with an average sensitivity of 4 pA ng(-1). Separations of pheromones and chemical attractants for insects illustrated the distinct patterns obtained from gas chromatography with RF-IMS scans in real time and suggest an analytical utility of the RF-IMS as a small, advanced detector for on-site gas chromatographs. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88047 USA. RP Eiceman, GA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Box 30001,Dept 3C, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 26 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 11 PY 2001 VL 917 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00656-2 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 431CC UT WOS:000168613500019 PM 11403471 ER PT J AU Russell, JB Rychlik, JL AF Russell, JB Rychlik, JL TI Factors that alter rumen microbial ecology SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RUMINAL CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA; FEEDLOT CATTLE; PREVOTELLA-RUMINICOLA; FERMENTATION; FIBER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTAGONISM; SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY AB Ruminant animals and ruminal microorganisms have a symbiotic relationship that facilitates fiber digestion, but domestic ruminants in developed countries are often fed an abundance of grain and Little fiber. When ruminants are fed fiber-deficient rations, physiological mechanisms of homeostasis are disrupted, ruminal pH declines, microbial ecology is altered, and the animal becomes more susceptible to metabolic disorders and, in some cases, infectious disease. Some disorders can be counteracted by feed additives (for example, antibiotics and buffers), but these additives can alter the composition of the ruminal ecosystem even further. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 54 TC 228 Z9 250 U1 7 U2 86 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 11 PY 2001 VL 292 IS 5519 BP 1119 EP 1122 DI 10.1126/science.1058830 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 431AF UT WOS:000168609200047 PM 11352069 ER PT J AU Gage, R Crielly, A Baysinger, M Chernak, E Herbert, G Johnson-Entsuah, A Fraser, G Rinehardt, C Solomon, M Withers, G Berman, R Moll, M Rankin, J Carroll, J Ettinger, M Henderson, S Mismas, M Patel, D Reed, T Smith, E Wozniak, J Toney, D Pearson, J Hofmann, J Grendon, J Kobayashi, J AF Gage, R Crielly, A Baysinger, M Chernak, E Herbert, G Johnson-Entsuah, A Fraser, G Rinehardt, C Solomon, M Withers, G Berman, R Moll, M Rankin, J Carroll, J Ettinger, M Henderson, S Mismas, M Patel, D Reed, T Smith, E Wozniak, J Toney, D Pearson, J Hofmann, J Grendon, J Kobayashi, J CA CDC TI Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections among children associated with farm visits - Pennsylvania and Washington, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 293-297, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Montgomery Cty Hlth Dept, Norristown, PA USA. Bur Labs, Lionville, PA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Virginia Div Consolidated Lab Serv, Richmond, VA USA. Snohomish Hlth Dist, Everett, WA USA. Washington Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ames, IA USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gage, R (reprint author), Montgomery Cty Hlth Dept, Norristown, PA USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 9 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 18 BP 2320 EP 2322 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 427NB UT WOS:000168411200009 ER PT J AU Ventura, E Nearing, MA Norton, LD AF Ventura, E Nearing, MA Norton, LD TI Developing a magnetic tracer to study soil erosion SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; interrill erosion; rill erosion; magnetic tracer; sediment ID FIELDS; MODEL AB Soil erosion is commonly measured as the quantity of sediment leaving a plot or watershed. The techniques for measuring soil erosion patterns and sediment redistribution within plots or watersheds by direct monitoring are very limited. The objective of this study was to develop a direct and non-intrusive tracer method to study the sources, patterns and rates of erosion and deposition of sediments in erosion plots. The magnetic tracer developed in this study consisted of polystyrene plastic beads embedded with a magnetic powder (magnetite). The "magnetized" beads, with a mean weight diameter of 3.2 mm and particle density of about 1.2 g cm(-3) were uniformly mixed with soil and tested in the laboratory using simulated rainfall and inflow studies to simulate the interrill and rill components of soil erosion, respectively. In the interrill and rill experiments, the tracer was transported in the same proportion it was initially mixed with the soil. Given this fact, a magnetometer, which measures the soil's magnetic susceptibility, could be used to identify areas of deposition or detachment. The magnetic susceptibility would be increased or reduced depending on whether deposition or detachment occurs. To simulate detachment and deposition, a magnetometer was tested for different tracer concentrations and different thickness of soil containing the tracer. The magnetometer promises to be a sensitive, accurate, and useful tool to study the spatial variation of soil erosion when magnetic tracers are used. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Queretaro, Hydraul Program, Queretaro, Mexico. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAY 4 PY 2001 VL 43 IS 4 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00149-1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 416VM UT WOS:000167800900001 ER PT J AU Chehbouni, A Nouvellon, Y Lhomme, JP Watts, C Boulet, G Kerr, YH Moran, MS Goodrich, DC AF Chehbouni, A Nouvellon, Y Lhomme, JP Watts, C Boulet, G Kerr, YH Moran, MS Goodrich, DC TI Estimation of surface sensible heat flux using dual angle observations of radiative surface temperature SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerodynamic temperature; directional radiative temperature; two-layer model; sensible heat flux; gap fraction ID VEGETATED SURFACES; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; INFRARED THERMOMETRY; SPARSE VEGETATION; ROUGHNESS LENGTH; TURBULENT FLUXES; SKIN TEMPERATURE; SCALAR ROUGHNESS; ENERGY BALANCE; SALSA PROGRAM AB In this study, dual angle observations of radiative surface temperature have been used in conjunction with a two-layer model to derive sensible heat flux over a sparsely vegetated surface. Data collected during the semi-arid-land-surface-atmosphere program (SALSA) over a semi-arid grassland in Mexico were used to assess the performance of the approach. The results showed that this approach led to reasonable estimates of the observed fluxes. The mean average percentage difference (MAPD) between observed and simulated fluxes was about 23%, which is not statistically different from the expected 20% scatter, when different flux measuring devices are compared over the same site. However, the sensitivity analysis indicated that the approach was rather sensitive to uncertainties in both measured radiative temperatures and aerodynamic characteristics of the vegetation. Finally, the issue of using dual angle observations of surface temperature for characterizing the difference between aerodynamic and nadir viewing radiative temperature has been examined. The results showed that this difference is linearly correlated with the difference between nadir and oblique radiative temperatures. Based on this finding, we expressed sensible heat flux in terms of the (nadir) radiative-air temperature gradient and a corrective term involving the nadir-oblique temperature differences. This formulation has been successfully tested. The resulting MAPD was about 33%. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UPS, IRD, CNRS, CNES,CESBIO, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. SWRC, USDA ARS, Tuscon, AZ USA. CEFE, CNRS, Montpellier, France. IMADES, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. RP Chehbouni, A (reprint author), UPS, IRD, CNRS, CNES,CESBIO, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Lhomme, Jean Paul /G-7236-2015; Boulet, Gilles/C-3067-2013; Nouvellon, Yann/C-9295-2016 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Boulet, Gilles/0000-0002-3905-7560; Nouvellon, Yann/0000-0003-1920-3847 NR 50 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 2 PY 2001 VL 108 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(01)00221-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 421RG UT WOS:000168076900005 ER PT J AU Dorgan, JF Baer, DJ Albert, PS Judd, JT Brown, ED Corle, DK Campbell, WS Hartman, TJ Tejpar, AA Clevidence, BA Giffen, CA Chandler, DW Stanczyk, FZ Taylor, PR AF Dorgan, JF Baer, DJ Albert, PS Judd, JT Brown, ED Corle, DK Campbell, WS Hartman, TJ Tejpar, AA Clevidence, BA Giffen, CA Chandler, DW Stanczyk, FZ Taylor, PR TI Serum hormones and the alcohol-breast cancer association in postmenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR STATUS; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFOTRANSFERASE; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SEX-HORMONES; RISK-FACTORS; ESTROGEN; TESTOSTERONE; PLASMA; ESTRADIOL AB Background: Alcohol ingestion is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in most epidemiologic studies. Results, however, are heterogeneous at lon er levels of alcohol intake, and a biologic mechanism for the association has not been clearly identified. To determine whether alcohol consumption by postmenopausal women elevates serum levels of hormones associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, we performed a controlled feeding study, Methods: Participants were 51 healthy postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy. Each participant rotated through three 8-week dietary periods in which she consumed 15 or 30 g of alcohol per day or an alcohol-free placebo beverage. The order of assignment to the three alcohol levels was random. During the dietary periods, all food and beverages were supplied by the study, and energy intake mas adjusted to keep body weight constant. Levels of estradiol, estrone. estrone sulfate, testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and androstenediol were measured by radioimmunoassays in serum collected at the end of each dietary period. AII statistical tests are two-sided. Results: When women consumed 15 or 30 g of alcohol per day, respectively, estrone sulfate concentrations increased by 7.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.3% to 15.9%; P =.06) and 10.7% (95% CI = 2.7% to 19.3%; P =.009) and DHEAS: concentrations increased by: 5.1% (95% CI = 1.4% to 9.0%; P =.008) and 7.5% (95% CI = 3.7% to 11.5%; P<.001) relative to levels when women consumed placebo, None of the other hormones measured changed statistically significantly when women consumed alcohol. Conclusions: Results suggest a possible mechanism by which consumption of one or two alcoholic drinks per day by postmenopausal women could increase their risk of breast cancer. C1 Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NCI, Div Canc Treatment, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. Esoterix Endocrinol Inc, Calabasas Hills, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Dorgan, JF (reprint author), Fox Chase Canc Ctr, 7701 Burholme Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. NR 61 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD MAY 2 PY 2001 VL 93 IS 9 BP 710 EP 715 DI 10.1093/jnci/93.9.710 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 428KJ UT WOS:000168460600015 PM 11333294 ER PT J AU Bassir, M Laborie, S Lapillonne, A Claris, O Chappuis, MC Salle, BL AF Bassir, M Laborie, S Lapillonne, A Claris, O Chappuis, MC Salle, BL TI Vitamin D deficiency in Iranian mothers and their neonates: a pilot study SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; rickets; osteomalacia; sunshine exposure ID HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; SUNNY COUNTRY; INFANTS AB We conducted a pilot study to assess the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among Iranian women and their newborns. Blood samples were taken from 50 mothers (age 16-40 yr) and their neonates at term delivery in the largest Tehran hospital. The results showed that 80% of the women had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations of less than 25 nmol/l. Mean maternal plasma calcium and phosphatase alkaline concentrations were in the normal range. The mean maternal serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentration of women with hypovitaminosis D (i.e., 25-OHD levels < 25 nmol/l) was above normal range and significantly different from that of women without hypovitaminosis D. Conclusion: The mean cord serum 25-OHD concentration was very low (4.94 +/- 9.4 nmol/l) and that of infants of mother with hypovitaminosis D were almost undetectable (1.2 +/- 1.2 nmol/l). C1 Hop Edouard Herriot, Dept Neonatol, FR-69437 Lyon 03, France. Hop Edouard Herriot, Lab Tissus Calcifies, FR-69437 Lyon, France. Shohada Hosp, Dept Pediat, Tehran, Iran. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Bassir, M (reprint author), Hop Edouard Herriot, Dept Neonatol, 5 Pl Arsonval, FR-69437 Lyon 03, France. NR 9 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 90 IS 5 BP 577 EP 579 DI 10.1080/080352501750197755 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 438UA UT WOS:000169071600019 PM 11430721 ER PT J AU Huggins, DR Randall, GW Russelle, MP AF Huggins, DR Randall, GW Russelle, MP TI Subsurface drain losses of water and nitrate following conversion of perennials to row crops SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; LEGUME-CORN ROTATIONS; TILE DRAINAGE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL QUALITY; SILT LOAM; NITROGEN; FERTILIZER; YIELD; ALFALFA AB Nitrate losses through subsurface drains in agricultural fields pose a serious threat to surface water quality, Substantial reductions in drainage losses of NO3-N can occur with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or perennial grasses as used in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plantings. Conversion of perennials to annual row crops, however, could have rapid, adverse affects on water quality. We evaluated water and N use efficiency of row crops following perennials, and losses of water and NO3-N to subsurface drains, Four cropping systems: continuous corn (Zea mays L.), a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, alfalfa (ALF), and CRP, were established in 1988. The ALF and CRP were converted to a corn-corn-soybean sequence from 1994 through 1996 while continuous corn (C-C) and corn-soybean (C-S) rotations were maintained. Following CRP, corn yield was 14% and water use efficiency (WUE) 20% greater as compared with C-C. Yield was 19% and WUE 21% greater for soybean following corn in CRP and ALF as compared with C-S. Residual soil NO3-N (RSN) increased 125% in first year corn following CRP and was 32% greater than C-C by 1996. High N uptake efficiencies of corn following alfalfa slowed the buildup of RSN, but levels were equal to row crop systems after 2 Sr. Nitrate losses in drainage water remained low during the initial year of conversion, but were similar to row crop systems during the subsequent 2 Sr, Beneficial effects of perennials on subsurface drainage characteristics were largely negated following 1 to 2 yr of corn. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conserv Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, So Res & Outreach Ctr, Waseca, MN USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Huggins, DR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conserv Res Unit, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 477 EP 486 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 439BV UT WOS:000169091700001 ER PT J AU Winter, SR Unger, PW AF Winter, SR Unger, PW TI Irrigated wheat grazing and tillage effects on subsequent dryland grain sorghum production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD; PLAINS AB Use of conservation tillage has improved sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain yield 10 to 20% in ungrazed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow-sorghum production systems. Our objective in this 2-yr field study was to develop tillage guidelines for systems where the wheat was grazed. Grazing duration on winter wheat and tillage during the fallow period preceding dryland grain sorghum were treatments on Pullman clay loam (Torrertic Paleustoll), Grazing increased surface soil compaction and reduced wheat residues, Surface soil (0-5 cm) penetration resistance was 0.36, 0.52, 0.75, and 0.92 Mpa, and wheat residue in 1996 was 6.0, 4.8, 3.5, and 1.2 Mg ha for ungrazed and early, normal, and late cattle removal dates, respectively. As a result, sorghum grain yield in 1996, an exceptionally wet season, was 7.9, 7.5, 7.0, and 3.8 Mg ha(-1), respectively, with no tillage (NT). In 1997, a dry season with low runoff, only the late cattle removal with NT had reduced yield (3.4 Mg ha(-1) compared with 3.9 Mg ha(-1) for ungrazed NT), Use of one-time sweep tillage early in fallow resulted in an increase in sorghum grain yield of 1.9 Mg ha(-1) in 1996 for the late cattle removal treatment compared with NT, but it had no effect on yield with the normal cattle removal treatment. In 1997, one-time sweep tillage increased yield by 0.3 Mg ha(-1) with late removal. When wheat residue was less than or equal to2.4 Mg ha(-1) following grazing, sweep tillage reduced surface compaction, increased soil water at planting an average of 26 mm over 2 Sr, and improved grain yield of sorghum compared with NT, If wheat residues were greater than or equal to3.5 Mg ha(-1) after grazing, NT was as effective as any tillage treatment. Results agree with conservation tillage guidelines del eloped on ungrazed wheat. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Winter, SR (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, 2301 Exp Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 504 EP 510 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 439BV UT WOS:000169091700004 ER PT J AU Heatherly, LG Spurlock, SR AF Heatherly, LG Spurlock, SR TI Economics of fall tillage for early and conventional soybean plantings in the midsouthern USA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION SYSTEM; CROPPING SYSTEM; CLAY SOIL; YIELD AB Conventional soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in the midsouthern USA has involved planting Maturity Group (MG) V and later cultivars in May and later months in a seedbed that has been shallow-tilled in the fall or spring just before planting, Moisture deficits that frequently occur from April through September reduce yield of soybean cultivars used in this traditional production system. Field experiments using MG IV 'DP 3478' and MG V 'Hutcheson' were conducted at Stoneville, MS (33 degrees 26' N lat) on Sharkey clay (very fine, smectitic, thermic chronic Epiaquert) in 1995, 1996, and 1998. The objective was to compare yields and economic returns from April and May or later plantings of MG IV and V soybean cultivars grown without irrigation on clay soil following shallow (ST) and deep (DT) fall tillage. Net returns were calculated as the difference between income and all direct and indirect costs, excluding those for land, management, and general farm overhead, Costs for the DT treatment were $22 to $27 ha(-1) greater than those for ST, Yields and net returns resulting from DT were greater than those from ST in 1 yr. Yields and net returns from April plantings were greater than those from May or later plantings in 2 of the 3 yr, These results indicate that April plantings will result in greater yields and net returns over the long term, but increased profits from DT are infrequent. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Dept Agr Econ, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Heatherly, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 343, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 439BV UT WOS:000169091700005 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC AF Nielsen, DC TI Production functions for chickpea, field pea, and lentil in the central Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER AVAILABILITY; YIELD; WHEAT; ENVIRONMENT; EFFICIENCY; ADAPTATION; CULTIVARS; REGION; GROWTH AB A short-season legumne grown in rotation with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is needed to diversify and enhance dryland crop rotations in the central Great Plains. This study was conducted to determine the potential of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) as such rotational legumes based on yield responses to water and soil water extraction patterns. The legumes were planted under a line-source gradient irrigation system to provide a range of available water conditions. Soil water content, crop water use, and seed yield were measured to determine relationships between water use and yield. Distributions of estimated yields were produced using these relationships and the local historical rainfall record. Chickpea exhibited the greatest rate of increase in yield with increases in water use (10.6 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)), followed by field pea (8.0 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)) and lentil (3.3 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)). Yields estimated from the historical rainfall record ranged from 951 to 3782 kg ha(-1) (mean of 2092 kg ha(-1)) for chickpea, 523 to 2718 kg ha(-1) (mean of 1406 kg ha(-1)) for field pea, and 286 to 1247 kg ha(-1) (mean of 654 kg ha(-1)) for lentil. All three legumes have agronomic potential to be used as dryland crops ahead of winter wheat in the central Great Plains. C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 563 EP 569 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 439BV UT WOS:000169091700012 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Brenneman, TB Baker, SH Johnson, AW Sumner, DR Mullinix, BG AF Johnson, WC Brenneman, TB Baker, SH Johnson, AW Sumner, DR Mullinix, BG TI Tillage and pest management considerations in a peanut-cotton rotation in the southeastern coastal plain SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; CROP-ROTATION; SOIL; CORN AB Radical changes in crop production have occurred in the southeastern USA in recent years. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are now planted in direct rotation, and conservation tillage is commonly used for both crops. Comprehensive data is lacking on crop and pest management recommendations in those systems, so a long-term study was conducted in Tifton, GA on the effects of tillage systems on crop and pest management in a peanut-cotton rotation. Systems evaluated were conventional, reduced, and minimum tillage, Plots in conventional tillage systems mere harrowed, deep-turned, and planted each year. In reduced tillage systems, plots were harrowed in the fall and planted to rye (Secale cereale L.), and crops were planted into killed rye. In minimum tillage systems, plots were neither tilled nor planted to rye and remained nontilled during the winter, and crops were planted directly into the previous crop stubble, Weed control was based on species present and tillage system. Peanut was either treated with flutolanil [3'-isopropoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl) benzanilide] for soil-borne disease control or not treated (control), Yields were sustained for 5 yr with no difference in peanut or cotton yields among tillage systems. Flutolanil controlled soil-home diseases and increased peanut yields, working equally well in all three tillage systems. Weed densities and species composition changed, causing more intensive and costly weed control in reduced and minimum tillage systems than in conventional tillage systems. Spotted wilt (tomato spotted wilt tospovirus) incidence was 42% lower in reduced and minimum tillage systems than in conventional tillage systems and is now part of the recommended strategy to manage the disease. C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM cjohnson@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 19 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 570 EP 576 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 439BV UT WOS:000169091700013 ER PT J AU Shanahan, JF Schepers, JS Francis, DD Varvel, GE Wilhelm, WW Tringe, JM Schlemmer, MR Major, DJ AF Shanahan, JF Schepers, JS Francis, DD Varvel, GE Wilhelm, WW Tringe, JM Schlemmer, MR Major, DJ TI Use of remote-sensing imagery to estimate corn grain yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEXES; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL METER; NITROGEN; LEAVES; NDVI; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; LIMITATIONS; PRECISION AB Remote sensing-the process of acquiring information about objects from remote platforms such as ground-based booms, aircraft, or satellites-is a potentially important source of data for site-specific crop management, providing both spatial and temporal information. Our objective was to use remotely sensed imagery to compare different vegetation indices as a means of assessing canopy variation and its resultant impact on corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield. Treatments consisted of five N rates and four hybrids, which were grown under irrigation near Shelton, NE on a Hord silt loam in 1997 and 1998. Imagery data with 0.5-m spatial resolution were collected from aircraft on several dates during both seasons using a multispectral, four-band [blue, green, red, and near-infrared reflectance] digital camera system. Imagery was imported into a geographical information system (GIS) and then georegistered, converted into reflectance, and used to compute three vegetation indices. Grain yield for each plot was determined at maturity. Results showed that green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) values derived from images acquired during midgrain filling are the most highly correlated with grain yield; maximum correlations were 0.7 and 0.92 in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Normalizing GNDVI and grain yield variability within hybrids improved the correlations in both years, but more dramatic increases were observed in 1997 (0.7 to 0.82) than in 1998 (0.92 to 0.95). This suggested GNDVI acquired during midgrain filling could be used to produce relative yield maps depicting spatial variability in fields, offering a potentially attractive alternative to use of a combine field monitor. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Resource21 LLC, Lethbridge, AB T1K 2R3, Canada. RP Shanahan, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 35 TC 145 Z9 153 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 583 EP 589 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 439BV UT WOS:000169091700015 ER PT J AU Gebrehiwot, L Beuselinck, PR AF Gebrehiwot, L Beuselinck, PR TI Seasonal variations in hydrogen cyanide concentration of three Lotus species SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL DEFENSE PRODUCTION; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L; CORNICULATUS L; WHITE CLOVER; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; CYANOGENESIS; POLYMORPHISM; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; REPRODUCTION AB Cyanogenic glucosides, generally considered antinutritional factors, are important defense molecules against predators and, in some cases, diseases. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the seasonal variations in hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration of three widely grown Lotus spp. and (ii) to assess the overall cyanogenic potential of the different plant components of a rhizomatous cultivar of broadleaf birdsfoot trefoil [Lotus corniculatus L.] (BFT). In this study, we used BFT cultivars Norcen and ARS-2620, narrowleaf trefoil (L. glaber Mill.) germplasm ARS-1207, and big trefoil (L. uliginosus Schkur.) germplasm ARS-1221. The experiments were conducted in the field and greenhouse using a randomized complete block design. Significant seasonal variations in HCN concentrations in Norcen, ARS 2620, and ARS-1207 were observed. Hydrogen cyanide concentrations were greatest in spring and summer and least in winter. ARS-1221 was acyanogenic, Of tire three cyanogenic entries grown in the field study, ARS-1207 had the greatest concentration of HCN, averaging 900 mug g(-1) dry matter while Norcen and ARS-2620 had similar levels of HCN. In the greenhouse, Norcen and ARS-1207 had greater HCN concentrations than ARS-2620. partitioning of the rhizomatous BFT cultivar ARS-2620 demonstrated that leaves and powers produced the greatest concentration of HCN, five times as much as stems and ripe-seed pods. Rhizomes, which are typically produced in winter and fall, did not exhibit HCN production. Seeds of Norcen and ARS-2620 were acyanogenic, but ARS-1207 seeds were weakly cyanogenic. However, as seeds germinated and seedlings formed cotyledons, Norcen, ARS-2620, and ARS-1207 exhibited HCN. Roots of all species were acyanogenic. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Beuselinck, PR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM beuselinckp@missouri.edu NR 41 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 603 EP 608 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 439BV UT WOS:000169091700018 ER PT J AU Grant, RF Kimball, BA Brooks, TJ Wall, GW Pinter, PJ Hunsaker, DJ Adamsen, FJ Lamorte, RL Leavitt, SW Thompson, TL Matthias, AD AF Grant, RF Kimball, BA Brooks, TJ Wall, GW Pinter, PJ Hunsaker, DJ Adamsen, FJ Lamorte, RL Leavitt, SW Thompson, TL Matthias, AD TI Modeling interactions among carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and climate on energy exchange of wheat in a free air carbon dioxide experiment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENRICHMENT FACE EXPERIMENT; ASPEN-HAZELNUT FOREST; CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; WATER RELATIONS; PLANT-GROWTH; SPRING WHEAT AB Changes in mass and energy exchange by crops under rising atmospheric CO(2) concentration (C(a)) may be affected by N and weather; C(a) interacts with weather on mass and energy exchange through limitations on latent heat flux imposed by stomatal conductance, which is affected by C(a), and aerodynamic conductance, which is affected by weather. We examined the bases for these interactions with the ecosystem model ecosys. Simulation results were tested with energy flux data from a Free Air COL Enrichment (FACE) experiment in which wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown under 548 vs. 363 pmol mol(-1) C(a) and fertilized with 7 vs. 35 g N m(-2). Both model and experimental results indicated that raising C(a) from 363 to 548 mu mol mol(-1) reduced midday latent heat fluxes by ca. 50 W m(-2) for wheat fertilized with 35 g N m(-2), and by ca. 100 W m(-2) for wheat fertilized with only 7 g N m(-2) when N deficits developed later in the growing season. These reductions were smaller under low wind speeds (<5 km h(-1)) and stable boundary conditions when aerodynamic conductance became the dominant constraint to transpiration. At a seasonal time scale, raising C(a) from 363 to 548 mu mol mol(-1) reduced simulated (measured) evapotranspiration of wheat by 9% (7%) when fertilized with 35 g N m(-2), and by 16% (19%) with 7 g N m(-2). Changes with C(a) in mass and energy exchange used in climate change studies should therefore reflect the site-specific availability of N, as well as climate attributes such as wind speed. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environ Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Grant, RF (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. EM robert.grant@ualberta.ca OI Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231 NR 67 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 638 EP 649 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 439BV UT WOS:000169091700023 ER PT J AU Baker, JM AF Baker, JM TI Introduction to crop modeling papers from eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 650 EP 650 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 439BV UT WOS:000169091700024 ER PT J AU Seitz, HK Matsuzaki, S Yokoyama, A Homann, N Vakevainen, S Wang, XD AF Seitz, HK Matsuzaki, S Yokoyama, A Homann, N Vakevainen, S Wang, XD TI Alcohol and cancer SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Medical-Society-of-Alcohol-and-Drug-Studie/10th International-Society-for-Biomedical-Research-on-Alcoholism CY JUL 02-08, 2000 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Japanese Med Soc Alcohol & Drug Studies, Int Soc Biomed Res Alcoholism DE alcohol dehydrogenase; aldehyde dehydrogenase; cancer; alcohol-associated carcinogenesis; acetaldehyde; vitamin A; colorectal cancer ID ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE-2 GENOTYPE; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT; EARLY ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; ORAL CAVITY CANCER; JAPANESE ALCOHOLICS; SALIVARY ACETALDEHYDE; ETHANOL-CONSUMPTION; RETINOID METABOLISM; COLON-CANCER AB This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were Helmut K. Seitz and Shohei Matsuzaki. The presentations were (1) Alcohol dehydrogenase-2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotype and cancer risk for upper aerodigestive tract in Japanese alcoholics, by Akira Yokoyama; (2) The role of acetaldehyde in alcohol-associated carcinogenesis, by Nils Homann; (3) High salivary acetaldehyde levels after a moderate dose of alcohol in ALDH2-deficient subjects, by Satu Vakevainen; (4) Alcohol and vitamin A interactions, by Xian Dong Wang; and (5) Alcohol and colorectal cancer, by Helmut K. Seitz. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Dept Internal Med, Salem Med Ctr, Alcohol Res Lab, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Salem Med Ctr, Dept Med, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. Kurihama Natl Hosp, Natl Inst Alcoholism, Kurihama, Japan. Med Univ Lubeck, Dept Gastroenterol, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany. Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Alcohol Dis Res Unit, Helsinki, Finland. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Seitz, HK (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Dept Internal Med, Salem Med Ctr, Alcohol Res Lab, 11 Zeppelinstr, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD MAY PY 2001 VL 25 IS 5 SU 1 BP 137S EP 143S DI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02388.x PG 7 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 434ZP UT WOS:000168846000024 PM 11391063 ER PT J AU Deller, SC Tsai, TH Marcouiller, DW English, DBK AF Deller, SC Tsai, TH Marcouiller, DW English, DBK TI The role of amenities and quality of life in rural economic growth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE economic growth; amenities; quality of life; rural ID COUNTY GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; MIGRATION; DETERMINANTS; RENTS; CLIMATE; REGIONS; MODELS; AREAS; WAGES AB A structural model of regional economic growth is estimated using data for; 2243 rural U.S. counties. Five indices designed to capture specific amenity and quality of life characteristics al e constructed using fifty-four separate indicators. Results suggest that amenity characteristics can bz organized into consistent and meaningful empirical measures that move beyond ail hoc: descriptions of amenities. In addition to insights into the influence of local characteristics ranging fl anl tax burdens to income distribution on regional economic growth, results suggest that predictable relationships between amenities quality of life, and local economic performance exist. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Athens, GA USA. RP Deller, SC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Deller, Steven/I-5238-2015 NR 37 TC 206 Z9 211 U1 3 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 83 IS 2 BP 352 EP 365 DI 10.1111/0002-9092.00161 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 426KL UT WOS:000168348300008 ER PT J AU Solomons, NW Russell, RM AF Solomons, NW Russell, RM TI "Appropriate technology" for vitamin A field research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DILUTION TECHNIQUE; BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOL C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CeSSIAM, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Russell, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 73 IS 5 BP 849 EP 850 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 426QM UT WOS:000168359900001 PM 11333835 ER PT J AU Cao, GH Muccitelli, HU Sanchez-Moreno, C Prior, RL AF Cao, GH Muccitelli, HU Sanchez-Moreno, C Prior, RL TI Anthocyanins are absorbed in glycated forms in elderly women: a pharmacokinetic study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; flavonoids; antioxidants; pharmacokinetics; absorption; elderly; women ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; RED WINE; FLAVONOIDS; VEGETABLES; OXIDATION; FRUITS; TEA AB Background: Anthocyanins are potent antioxidants that are widely distributed in fruit, vegetables, and red wines. Anthocyanin products are also prescribed as medicines in many countries for treating various diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics of dietary anthocyanins are not known in humans because these glycosides were long considered nonabsorbable. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether anthocyanins can be absorbed as glycosides and to evaluate their pharmacokinetics in humans. Design: Four healthy elderly women consumed 720 mg anthocyanins. A series of blood and urine samples were collected before and after consumption of the anthocyanins. Anthocyanins were measured in plasma and urine by combining an octadecylsilane solid-phase extraction for sample preparation and an HPLC system with diode array for anthocyanin separation and detection. The structures of anthocyanins as glycosides in plasma and urine were further confirmed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Anthocyanins were detected as glycosides in plasma and urine. The maximum plasma concentration of total anthocyanins varied from 55.3 to 168.3 nmol/L, with an average of 97.3 nmol/L, and was reached within 71.3 min. The elimination of plasma anthocyanins appeared to follow first-order kinetics. The elimination half-life of plasma total anthocyanins was calculated to be 132.6 min. Most anthocyanin compounds were excreted in urine during the first 3 h. The excretion rate of total anthocyanins was 77 mug/h during the first 3 h and 13 mug/h during the second 4 h. Conclusion: Anthocyanins are absorbed in their unchanged glycated forms in elderly women. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA ARS, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RI Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/N-6798-2013 OI Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/0000-0002-2341-9328 NR 30 TC 209 Z9 218 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 73 IS 5 BP 920 EP 926 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 426QM UT WOS:000168359900012 PM 11333846 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Morris, MS Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Hyperhomocysteinemia associated with poor recall in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cognitive function; cognitive decline; dementia; homocysteine; elderly; aging; third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES III ID TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; FOLATE; DEMENTIA; VITAMIN-B-12; PERFORMANCE AB Background: High circulating total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations are associated with stroke, which is a major cause of cognitive dysfunction. Blood homocysteine concentrations are inversely correlated with performance on some cognitive-function tests and a relation was recently shown between hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer disease. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the relation between serum tHcy concentrations and performance on short delayed-recall tests of elderly men and women participating in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, phase 2 (1991-1994). Design: Subjects were aged 260 5. Subjects reported no previous stroke, completed greater than or equal to8 y of education, and took a test of delayed recall of story ideas (n = 1200) or words (n = 1270). Results: After adjustment fur sex, age, race-ethnicity, income, years of education, and serum creatinine concentration, subjects in the upper half of the folate distribution recalled, on average, >4 of 6 story ideas; subjects with lower folate status recalled significantly fewer ideas (P < 0.001). Of the subjects with low folate status, story recall was significantly poorer in those with serum tHcy concentrations above the 80th percentile of the distribution (13.7 mu mol/L) than in those with lower tHcy concentrations (P < 0.03). The odds ratio relating hyperhomocysteinemia to recall of greater than or equal to1 of 3 previously learned words was 0.3 (95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) after adjustment for the 5 demographic factors alone and was 0.4 (0.2, 0.9) after further adjustment for serum folate concentration. Conclusion: Hyperhomocysteinemia is related to poor recall and this association was partially independent of folate status. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM morris@hnrc.tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL52630] NR 25 TC 135 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 73 IS 5 BP 927 EP 933 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 426QM UT WOS:000168359900013 PM 11333847 ER PT J AU Ballew, C Bowman, BA Russell, RM Sowell, AL Gillespie, C AF Ballew, C Bowman, BA Russell, RM Sowell, AL Gillespie, C TI Serum retinyl esters are not associated with biochemical markers of liver dysfunction in adult participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE retinyl esters; hypervitaminosis A; vitamin A; third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES III; liver dysfunction; liver function; vitamin A supplementation; retinol; vitamin A toxicity ID CHRONIC HYPERVITAMINOSIS-A; HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS; EFFICACY TRIAL CARET; PREVENT LUNG-CANCER; VITAMIN-A; LONG-TERM; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PLASMA RETINOL; HEPATIC-INJURY; TOXICITY AB Background: Serum retinyl ester concentrations are elevated in hypervitaminosis A. It was suggested that retinyl esters > 10% of total serum vitamin A indicate potential hypervitaminosis, but this cutoff was derived from small clinical samples that may not he representative of the general population. Objective: We sought to examine the distribution of serum retinyl ester concentrations and associations between retinyl ester concentrations and biochemical markers of liver dysfunction in a nationally representative sample. Design: We assessed the: associations between serum retinyl ester concentrations and 5 biochemical indexes of liver dysfunction by using multivariate linear and multiple logistic regression techniques and controlling for age, sex, use of supplements containing vitamin A, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and use of exogenous estrogens in 6537 adults aged greater than or equal to 18 y in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994. Results: Thirty-seven percent of the sample had serum retinyl ester concentrations > 10% of total serum vitamin A and 10% of the sample had serum retinyl esters > 15% of total vitamin A. We found no associations between serum retinyl ester concentrations and 1) concentrations of any biochemical variable (multiple linear regression) or 2) risk of having biochemical variables above the reference range (multiple logistic regression). We did not find a serum retinyl ester value with statistically significant sensitivity and specificity for predicting increases in biochemical indexes of liver dysfunction. Conclusions: The prevalence of serum retinyl ester concentrations > 10% of the total vitamin A concentration in the NHANES III sample was substantially higher than expected but elevated retinyl ester concentrations were not associated with abnormal liver function. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ballew, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 73 IS 5 BP 934 EP 940 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 426QM UT WOS:000168359900014 PM 11333848 ER PT J AU Koga, T Meydani, M AF Koga, T Meydani, M TI Effect of plasma metabolites of (+)-catechin and quercetin on monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE flavonoid; metabolites; monocyte; endothelium; endothelial cell; reactive oxygen species; rats; cardiovascular disease ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; INDUCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RAT PORTAL-VEIN; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; RED WINE; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FLAVONOID INTAKE; ABSORPTION AB Background: Flavonoids may exert their health benefit in cardiovascular disease by modulating monocyte adhesion in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis. Most in vitro studies used forms of flavonoids present in food rather than forms that appear in plasma after ingestion. Objectives: We tested the effects of plasma metabolites of (+)-catechin and quercetin on the modulation of monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Design: Plasma extracts of flavonoid metabolites were prepared after intragastric administration of pure compounds to rats. The plasma preparations contained sulfate or glucuronide conjugates or both and methylated forms. We measured adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to HAEC and the production of ROS in HAEC when cells were pretreated with either pure compounds or plasma extracts from control or treated rats. Adhesion assays were performed with HAEC stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1 beta or U937 cells activated with phorbol myristyl acetate; ROS were measured after challenging HAEC with IL-1 beta or hydrogen peroxide. Results: Pretreatment of HAEC with (+)-catechin metabolites inhibited U937 cell adhesion to IL-1 beta -stimulated cells, whereas pretreatment with intact (+)-catechin had no effect. Generation of ROS in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated HAEC was inhibited by (+)-catechin, its metabolites, and control plasma extract, whereas ROS generation in ll,-1 beta -stimulated HAEC was inhibited by (+)-catechin metabolites only. In contrast, quercetin inhibited U937 cell adhesion to IL-1 beta -stimulated HAEC, whereas its metabolites were not effective. Conclusions: Metabolic conversion of flavonoids such as (+)catechin and quercetin modifies the flavonoids' biological activity. Metabolites of flavonoids, rather than their intact forms, may contribute to the reported effects of flavonoids on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. C1 Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 56 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 73 IS 5 BP 941 EP 948 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 426QM UT WOS:000168359900015 PM 11333849 ER PT J AU Velasquez, MT Bhathena, SJ AF Velasquez, MT Bhathena, SJ TI Dietary phytoestrogens: A possible role in renal disease protection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Review DE antiproliferative actions; anti-inflammatory effects; dietary protein; flaxseed; phytoestrogens; soy bean; soy protein; isoflavones; lignans; hyperlipidemia; nephropathy; proteinuria ID POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; MESANGIAL CELL-PROLIFERATION; PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; VEGETARIAN SOY DIET; TYROSINE KINASE; PROTEIN RESTRICTION; LUPUS NEPHRITIS; SOYBEAN ISOFLAVONES; GROWTH-FACTOR; SECOISOLARICIRESINOL DIGLYCOSIDE AB There is growing evidence that dietary phytoestrogens have a beneficial role in chronic renal disease. This review summarizes the recent findings from dietary intervention studies performed in animals and humans suggesting that consumption of soy-based protein rich in isoflavones and flaxseed rich in lignans retards the development and progression of chronic renal disease. In several animal models of renal disease, both say protein and flaxseed have been shown to limit or reduce proteinuria and renal pathological lesions associated with progressive renal failure, In studies of human subjects with different types of chronic renal disease, soy protein and flaxseed also appear to moderate proteinuria and preserve renal function, However, most of these clinical trials were of relatively short duration and involved a small number of patients. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the renal protective effects of say protein and flaxseed are caused by the isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) and lignans (matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol) or some other component. The biochemistry, metabolism, and mechanisms of actions of isoflavones and lignans are discussed. Isoflavones and lignans appear to act through various mechanisms that modulate cell growth and proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Some of these actions have been shown in vitro, but studies of the mechanisms operative in vivo are lacking. The diversity of cellular actions of isoflavones and lignans supports their protective effects in a variety of experimental and human types of chronic renal disease. Further investigations are needed to evaluate their long-term effects on renal disease progression in patients with chronic renal failure. (C) 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Renal Dis & Hypertent, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Renal Dis & Hypertent, 2150 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM dommtv@gwumc.edu NR 116 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 9 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 EI 1523-6838 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1056 EP 1068 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2001.23655 PG 13 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 427AW UT WOS:000168383500025 PM 11325691 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Fiorotto, ML Beckett, PR Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ Wray-Cahen, D Nguyen, HV AF Davis, TA Fiorotto, ML Beckett, PR Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ Wray-Cahen, D Nguyen, HV TI Differential effects of insulin on peripheral and visceral tissue protein synthesis in neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE neonate; insulin action; amino acids; protein synthesis; nutrition ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WHOLE-BODY; AMINO-ACIDS; SUCKLING RATS; LEUCINE KINETICS; SYNTHESIS INVIVO; FOOD-INTAKE; LIVER; METABOLISM; HYPERINSULINEMIA AB We recently demonstrated in neonatal pigs that, with amino acids and glucose maintained at fasting levels, the stimulation of protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi muscle with feeding can be reproduced by a physiological rise in insulin alone. In the current report, we determine whether the response of protein synthesis to insulin in the neonatal pig is 1) present In muscles of different fiber types, 2) proportional in myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, 3) associated with increased translational efficiency and ribosome number, and 4) present in other peripheral tissues and in viscera. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-amino acid clamps were performed in 7- and 26-day-old pigs infused with 0, 30, 100, or 1,000 ng.kg(-0.66).min(-1) of insulin to reproduce insulin levels present in fasted, fed, refed, and supraphysiological conditions, respectively. Tissue protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose of L-[4-H-3]phenylalanine. Insulin increased protein synthesis in gastrocnemius muscle and, to a lesser degree, masseter muscle. The degree of stimulation of protein synthesis by insulin was similar in myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. Insulin increased translational efficiency but had no effect on ribosome number in muscle. AU of these insulin-induced changes in muscle protein synthesis decreased with age. Insulin also stimulated protein synthesis in cardiac muscle and skin but not in liver, intestine, spleen, pancreas, or kidney. The results support the hypothesis that insulin mediates the feeding-induced stimulation of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis in muscles of different fiber types in the neonate by increasing the efficiency of translation. However, insulin does not appear to be involved in the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in visceral tissues. Thus different mechanisms regulate the growth of peripheral and visceral tissues in the neonate. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Endocrinol & Metab Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR-44474, R01 AR044474, R01 AR046308]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD-07445] NR 57 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 280 IS 5 BP E770 EP E779 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 422NU UT WOS:000168125800012 PM 11287360 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG Porter, GA Christ, BJ Goth, RW DeLong, KO Halseth, DE Sieczka, JB Henninger, MR Sterrett, SB Yencho, GC Webb, RE AF Haynes, KG Porter, GA Christ, BJ Goth, RW DeLong, KO Halseth, DE Sieczka, JB Henninger, MR Sterrett, SB Yencho, GC Webb, RE TI Amey: A multipurpose, russet-skinned potato cultivar for the eastern United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum L.; fresh market potato; baking potato ID RESISTANCE AB Amey is a late-maturing, russet-skinned, white-fleshed potato cultivar that yields more than Russet Burbank in most eastern United States potato production areas. Tubers of Amey are mostly oblong, occasionally long, with an evenly russetted skin. Tubers of Amey are smoother, more attractive, and have a much lower incidence of external defects than Russet Burbank. The specific gravity of Amey is equal to or greater than the specific gravity of Russet Burbank. French fries produced from Amey are lighter than or equal in color to those produced from Russet Burbank; however, tubers are frequently not long enough to satisfy the bench by industry. Baking and taste quality of Amey are excellent, and it has potential as a fresh market potato. Amey is resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode, powdery scab, and common scab. It is moderately susceptible to Verticillium milt. It is susceptible to potato leafroll virus, late blight, and early blight. C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vernon James Res & Extens Ctr, Plymouth 27962, Devon, England. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Cornell Univ, Riverhead, NY 11901 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Presque Isle, ME 04769 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 451PT UT WOS:000169811000002 ER PT J AU Mojtahedi, H Crosslin, JM Santo, GS Brown, CR Thomas, PE AF Mojtahedi, H Crosslin, JM Santo, GS Brown, CR Thomas, PE TI Pathogenicity of Washington and Oregon isolates of tobacco rattle virus on potato SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Corky ringspot disease; Paratrichodorus allius; Russet Burbank; Russet Norkotah; and Solanum tuberosum ID CORKY RINGSPOT; RESISTANT; DISEASE; TUBERS; PLANTS AB Soil samples from corky ringspot (CRS) problem fields of potato in the states of Washington and Oregon were collected and planted with Nicotiana tabacum 'Samsun NN' tobacco to bait tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and to increase Paratrichodorus allius populations, the vector of TRV. Pathogenicity of three isolates of TRV was assessed on Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah plants using P. allius as the vector. The most severe CRS tuber symptoms were with TRV from Pasco, WA, followed by Umatilla, OR, and Mattawa, WA, indicating a distinct variation in virulence among virus isolates. The lowest number of P. allius that transmitted TRV resulting in CRS symptoms on Russet Norkotah mas three nematodes per 250 cm(3) soil. When potato plants mere exposed to P. allius at different times in their growth, tubers on older plants were more resistant than younger tubers to CRS. Severity of CRS tuber symptoms mas correlated with age of potato plants in pot culture. Reproduction of P. allius on potato roots did not influence the incidence and severity of tubers symptoms. Under similar conditions, Bintje, a variety known to be resistant to CRS, served as a host for P. allius, yet remained asymptomatic. The protocol employed in these studies is appropriate for testing potato germplasm for resistance to CRS. C1 Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Mojtahedi, H (reprint author), Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 451PT UT WOS:000169811000003 ER PT J AU Salas, AR Spooner, DM Huaman, Z Maita, RVT Hoekstra, R Schuler, K Hijmans, RJ AF Salas, AR Spooner, DM Huaman, Z Maita, RVT Hoekstra, R Schuler, K Hijmans, RJ TI Taxonomy and new collections of wild potato species in central and southern Peru in 1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum sect. Petota ID BREVICAULE COMPLEX SOLANACEAE; SECT. PETOTA; GENETIC-RESOURCES; SOLANUM; REEXAMINATION; COLLAPSE AB Peru contains about half of the described wild potato taxa, and many of these are not yet preserved in genebanks. This paper reports results of the second of a series of five planned collecting expeditions to Peru. Collections were made in the central Peruvian departments of Ancash, Huancavelica, La Libertad, and Lima, from March 8 to April 25, 1999. They follow collections in 1998 in the southern Peruvian departments of Apurimac, Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua, Puno, and Tacna. me collected 101 germplasm accessions, including first germplasm collections of the following 22 Solanum taxa: Solanum amayanum, S. anamatophilum, S. arahuayum (lost in germplasm increase), S. augustii, S. bill-hookeri, S. cantense, S. chavinense, S. chomatophilum var. subnivale, S. chrysoflorum, S. gracilifrons, S. hapalosum, S. huarochiriense, S. hypacrarthrum, S. jalcae, S. moniliforme, S. multiinterruptum f. longipilosum, S. multiinterruptum var. machaytambinum, S. peloquinianum, S. rhombilanceolatum, S. simplicissimum, S. taulisense (lost in germplasm increase), and S. wittmackii. In addition, new collections were made of the under-collected species S. hastiforme (three collections). The above taxonomy is that used in planning our expedition, that we compare to a new treatment of Peruvian wild potatoes published by C. Ochoa in 1999. This paper reports the collection and new species identifications of the 1999 collections, and germplasm conservation and survival of the 1998 and 1999 collections. In addition, chromosome counts are provided for 134 accessions from the 1998 and 1999 expeditions, including first reports for S. chomatophilum var. subnivale (2n = 2x = 24), S. megistacrolobum subsp.purpureum (2n = 2x: = 24), and S. multiinterruptum var, multiinterruptum f. albiflorum (2n = 2x = 24); we also report the first triploid count of an accession of S. immite. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK Gatersleben, Genebank External Branch Gross Lusewitz, D-18190 Gross Lusewitz, Germany. Ctr Genet Resources The Netherlands CGN, Plant Res Int, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Inst Nacl Invest Agr, Estacion Expt Stn Santa Ana, Huancayo, Peru. Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Hijmans, Robert/N-3299-2016; OI Hijmans, Robert/0000-0001-5872-2872 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 197 EP 207 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 451PT UT WOS:000169811000005 ER PT J AU Sowokinos, JR AF Sowokinos, JR TI Biochemical and molecular control of cold-induced sweetening in potatoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE potato; cold-sweetening; gene expression; allele; enzyme; sugar ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; STARCH-SUGAR INTERCONVERSION; LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE; FRUCTOSE 6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; INCREASED ADPGLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; STORED POTATOES; MEMBRANE-PERMEABILITY AB The benefits of being able to process potatoes directly into chips or fries hom cold storage (2 to 4 C) include less shrinkage, retention of dry matter, decreased disease loss, extended marketability, and the elimination of the need for dormancy-prolonging chemicals. Unfortunately at low temperature, potato tubers undergo a phenomenon known as cold-induced sweetening where the rate of conversion of starch to reducing sugars (i.e., glucose and fructose) is accelerated. As raw potatoes are sliced and cooked in oil at high temperature, the accumulated reducing sugars react with free amino acids in the potato cell forming unacceptably brown- to black-pigmented chips or fries via a nonenzymatic, Maillard-type reaction. Potatoes yielding these unacceptably colored products are generally rejected for purchase by the processing plant. Ah commercial potato cultivars presently used for the production of potato chips and hies accumulate excess free reducing sugars when exposed to cold stress. If a "cold-processing potato" was available, energy savings would be realized in potato-growing regions where outside storage temperatures are cool. In regions where outside temperatures are moderately high, increased refrigeration costs may occur. This expense would be offset, however, by removal of the need to purchase dormancy-prolonging chemicals, by a decreased need for disease control and by improvement of long-term tuber quality. The primary goal of this review is to describe recent research of a biochemical and molecular nature that relates to the underlaying mechanisms regulating post harvest, cold-induced sweetening in potato tubers. No attempt was made to outline the extensive research conducted on the genetic manipulation of carbon metabolism between starch and free sugars during photosynthesis and/or during potato development in relation to source/sink interactions. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, USDA ARS, E Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. RP Sowokinos, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, USDA ARS, Potatoe Res Worksite,311 5th Ave NE, E Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. EM sowok001@umn.edu NR 121 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 221 EP 236 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 451PT UT WOS:000169811000008 ER PT J AU Caverly, JM Radi, ZA Andreasen, CB Dixon, RA Brogden, KA Ackermann, MR AF Caverly, JM Radi, ZA Andreasen, CB Dixon, RA Brogden, KA Ackermann, MR TI Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from Mannheimia haemolytica-inoculated calves with and treatment with the selectin without prior inhibitor TBC 1269 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-College-of-Veterinary-Pathology CY NOV 15-20, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Coll Vet Pathol ID PULMONARY ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM; A1-DERIVED ENDOTOXIN; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION; INFLAMMATION AB Objectives-To determine effects of selectin inhibitor TBC1269 on neutrophii infiltration, and neutrophil-associated injury during pneumonia induced by Mannheimia haemolytica and concentration of antimicrobial anionic peptide (AAP) in bronchoalveolar ravage fluid (BALF) as well as antimicrobial activity of BALF from healthy (control) neonatal calves, neonatal calves with M haemolytica-induced pneumonia, neonatal calves with prior treatment with TBC1269, and adult cattle. Animals-Eighteen 1- to 3-day-old calves and 9 adult cattle. Procedure-Calves were inoculated with M haemolytica or pyrogen-free saline (0.14M NaCl) solution into the right cranial lung lobe, and BALF was collected 2 or 6 hours after inoculation. Thirty minutes before and 2 hours after inoculation, 4 calves received TBC1269. The BALF collected from 9 adult cattle was used for comparison of BALF AAP concentration and antimicrobial activity. Protein concentration and neutrophil differential percentage and degeneration in BALF were determined. An ELISA and killing assay were used to determine BALF AAP concentration and antimicrobial activity, respectively. Results-Total protein concentration was significantly decreased in BALF from calves receiving TBC1269. Similar concentrations of AAP were detected in BALF from all calves, which were 3-fold higher than those in BALF from adult cattle. However, BALF from neonates had little or no anti-M haemolytica activity. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-These results suggest that TBC1269 decreases pulmonary tissue injury in neonatal calves infected with M haemolytica. Although AAP is detectable in neonatal BALF at 3 times the concentration detected in adult BALF, neonatal BALF lacks antimicrobial activity for M haemolytica. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Texas Biotechnol Corp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Caverly, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 62 IS 5 BP 665 EP 672 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.665 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 426QE UT WOS:000168359200006 PM 11341382 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Waters, WR AF Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Waters, WR TI Experimental deer-to-deer transmission of Mycobacterium bovis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; RESPIRATORY TRACTS; CATTLE; INFECTION; TUBERCULOSIS; CALVES AB Objective-To determine whether Mycobacterium bovis can be transmitted from experimentally infected deer to uninfected in-contact deer. Animals-Twenty-three 6-month-old white-tailed deer. Procedure-On day 0, M bovis (2 X 10(8) colony-forming units) was administered by intratonsillar instillation to 8 deer; 3 control deer received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Eight in-contact deer were comingled with inoculated deer from day 21. On day 120, inoculated deer were euthanatized and necropsied. On day 180, 4 in-contact deer were euthanatized, and 4 new in-contact deer were introduced. On day 360, all in-contact deer were euthanatized. Rectal, oral, and nasal swab specimens and samples of hay, pelleted feed, water, and feces were collected for bacteriologic culture. Tissue specimens were also collected at necropsy for bacteriologic culture and histologic analysis. Results-On day 90, inoculated and in-contact deer developed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to purified protein derivative of M bovis. Similarly, new in-contact deer developed DTH reactions by 100 days of contact with original in-contact deer, Tuberculous lesions in in-contact deer were most commonly detected in lungs and tracheobronchial and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from nasal secretions and saliva from inoculated and in-contact deer, urine and feces from in-contact deer, and hay and pelleted feed. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Mycobacterium bovis is efficiently transmitted from experimentally infected deer to uninfected in-contact deer through nasal secretions, saliva, or contaminated feed. Wildlife management practices that result in unnatural gatherings of deer may enhance both direct and indirect transmission of M bovis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 62 IS 5 BP 692 EP 696 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.692 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 426QE UT WOS:000168359200011 PM 11341387 ER PT J AU Russelle, MP AF Russelle, MP TI Alfalfa SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Russelle, MP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 89 IS 3 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1511/2001.22.735 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422RH UT WOS:000168132700021 ER PT J AU Griffith, SM Brewer, TG Steiner, JJ AF Griffith, SM Brewer, TG Steiner, JJ TI Thermal dependence of the apparent K(m) of glutathione reductase from three wetland grasses and maize SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE American sloughgrass; Beckmannia syzigachne Steud.; tufted hairgrass; Deschampsia caespitosa L.; tall fescue; Festuca arundinaceae Schreb. Titan; Zea mays L.; plant competition; temperature stress; kinetics; Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)); glutathione reductase ID NAD-MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; KINETIC-PROPERTIES; CONTRASTING CLIMATES; HIGHER-PLANTS; ENZYME LEVEL; MOLECULAR-FORMS; BARNYARD GRASS; 2 POPULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; ADAPTATION AB The thermal dependence of enzyme kinetic parameters has been presented as an indicator of species' thermal optima and tolerance limits. Previous studies suggest the relationship between temperature and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) of an enzyme system can be used to predict whole plant success at specific temperatures. The apparent K(m) for glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2; GR) (oxidized glutathione as substrate) extracted from leaves of American sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne Steud.): tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb. 'Titan'), and maize (Zea mays L.), was determined over a range of temperatures (40 degrees C). For arl species, minimum apparent K(m) for GR was observed at 1 degreesC and K(m), Values increased as temperature increased. The apparent K(m) values differed among all species at the lower temperatures (1-15 degreesC), but were similar at higher temperatures. The enzyme from tufted hairgrass had the lowest apparent K(m) at low temperatures (< 15C), followed in increasing older by American slouhgrass, tall fescue and maize. Our experimental system failed to reproduce thermal kinetic window profiles similar to those reported elsewhere. With respect to the enzyme systems reported here, results suggest that these cool-season grasses can be ranked as more to less eurythermic within the temperature range from 1 to 15 degreesC. C1 ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM griffits@uc-s.orst.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 87 IS 5 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1006/anbo.2001.1380 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426PW UT WOS:000168358400006 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Reddy, VR AF Baker, JT Reddy, VR TI Temperature effects on phenological development and yield of muskmelon SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo L.; cantaloupe; thermal time; plastochron interval; growth duration ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WINTER-WHEAT; LEAF APPEARANCE; GROWTH; FIELD; MULCHES; MICROCLIMATE; INITIATION; SOYBEANS AB Our goal was to construct a simple muskmelon phenology model that could be run with easily obtainable weather station data and used by growers to quantify phenological development and aid in projecting harvest dates. A growth chamber experiment was conducted with two cultivars of muskmelon ('Gold Rush' and 'Mission') to determine how main vine leaf appearance rates responded to temperature. We identified three cardinal temperatures for leaf appearance rate: the base temperature (10 degreesC) at which leaf appearance rate was zero; an optimum temperature (34 degreesC) at which the rate of leaf appearance was maximal; and an upper threshold temperature (45 degreesC) at which leaf appearance rate returned to zero. Using these three cardinal temperatures, we constructed a simplified thermal unit accumulator for hourly measurements of air temperature. Main vine plastochron interval (PI), thermal time to harvest, and final yield were determined for three cultivars of muskmelon ('Explorer', 'Gold Rush' and 'Mission') grown in the field at Overton, TX, USA; over six transplanting dates from March to June 1998. PI was calculated for each cultivar x transplanting date combination as the reciprocal of the slope of main vine node number ns. accumulated hourly thermal units (Sigma Tu). PI was significantly affected by both cultivar and transplanting date. Final yield was sharply reduced in the last two planting dates. presumably due to high temperature stresses impairing reproductive development. As air temperatures increased during the field experiment, the lime interval from transplanting to 10% final harvest was reduced by 21 to 28 d among the three cultivars and the first four transplanting dates. Main Vine node number was a useful descriptor of vegetative development for muskmelon. C1 ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, USDA, Bldg 007,Rm 008,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 48 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 87 IS 5 BP 605 EP 613 DI 10.1006/anbo.2001.1381 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426PW UT WOS:000168358400007 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Leskovar, DI Reddy, VR Dainello, FJ AF Baker, JT Leskovar, DI Reddy, VR Dainello, FJ TI A simple phenological model of muskmelon development SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo L.; cantaloupe; temperature; model; thermal time; plastochron interval; growth duration ID GROWTH AB Utilizing information gathered in previous growth chamber and field experiments, we developed a simple temperature-driven crop phenology model of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) to help commercial growers time crop phenological events and predict harvest dates. The model quantifies vegetative development in terms of main vine node numbers which allows the model to simulate either a direct-seeded or a transplanted crop. The model operates on an hourly time-step but requires only daily weather data and a few cultivar-specific parameters including plastochron interval and thermal time requirements to reach six predefined developmental stages. The model was tested against an independent data set consisting of three muskmelon cultivars grown at five transplanting dares. Tests of;he model indicate an average ability to predict main vine node numbers to within one to two nodes of observed values. Estimated harvest dale predictions were more variable than those for main vine node number but an average model accuracy of 1 to 3 d was obtained in model tests with a data set used to construct the model. Procedures for calibrating the model for different cultivars, cultural practices or environments are outlined. C1 ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Texas Agr Extens Serv, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, USDA, Bldg 007,Rm 008,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 87 IS 5 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1006/anbo.2001.1382 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426PW UT WOS:000168358400008 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Miliczky, ER Broers, DA Lewis, RR Calkins, CO AF Horton, DR Miliczky, ER Broers, DA Lewis, RR Calkins, CO TI Numbers, diversity, and phenology of spielers (Araneae) overwintering in cardboard bands placed in pear and apple orchards of central Washington SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Araneae; overwintering; species diversity; orchards ID SPIDERS; PREDATORS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; TRAPS AB Cardboard bands were placed on pear and apple trees at each of three sites to act as overwintering shelters for spiders. Bands were placed on the trees in late August, at three heights on the tree. One-third of the bands was collected in January to determine what taxa of spiders overwintered in the shelters. The remaining bands at each site were collected and replaced at weekly intervals between late August and early December to monitor phenology of movement into the shelters. More than 2,900 spiders in 10 families were recovered from the winter-collected set of bands. Spiders were collected from all three sampling heights in the trees. The majority of spiders were juveniles, although adults of some Salticidae [especially Pelegrina aeneola (Curtis) and Phanias sp.] were fairly common. The dominant Families were Philodromidae (primarily Philodromus spp.) and Salticidae (primarily P, aeneola), comprising 66 and 28%, respectively, of the total specimens. In the weekly collections, >5,600 bands were sampled during the study. producing >6,000 spiders represented by 12 families anti 30 identified genera. Dominant taxa in the weekly collected bands included Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer), P, aencola, Xysticus spp (Thomisidae), Sassacus papenhoei Peckham and Peckham (Salticidae), Phidippus spp. (Salticidae), and Anyphaena pacifica Banks (Anyphaenidae). Of these taxa, Xysticus spp., S. papenhoei, and A. pacifica were very uncommon in the M. inter-collected Lands, and we infer from these results that these spiders used the bands as temporary refuges only, and overwintered elsewhere. Data obtained from the weekly collected bands suggested that Philodromus spp., Dictyna spp., P. aeneola, and Cheiracanthium entered overwintering shelters during the interval between mid-October and mid- to late November. Pear and apple blocks at the same site were more similar in community composition than a common crop species at two different sites. More spiders were recovered from bands placed in the unmanaged and organically managed orchards than from apple and Dear blocks that received insecticides during the growing season. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 94 IS 3 BP 405 EP 414 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0405:NDAPOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 436JW UT WOS:000168933600008 ER PT J AU Tisdale, RA Sappington, TW AF Tisdale, RA Sappington, TW TI Realized and potential fecundity, egg fertility, and longevity of laboratory-reared female beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) under different adult diet regimes SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; beet armyworm; fecundity; oviposition; longevity ID AGE AB Longevity, duration of the oviposition period, realized fecundity, potential fecundity. and egg fertility of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), were examined in the laboratory under three different adult diet regimes. Ah parameters were significantly reduced for the water-only diet compared with 10% honey or sucrose diets, except fertility, which could not be measured after 5 d because of high mortality of water-fed Females. Oviposition was highest the night after mating and decreased in a logarithmic manner thereafter. In the carbohydrate-fed moths, 92% of lifetime realized fecundity occurred Ls the fourth night of oviposition. Although our data indicate that cal carbohydrates in the adult diet can increase realized and potential fecundity, most of the lifetime complement of oocytes (91%) is present at the time of eclosion fr om the pupa. Pupal weight was significantly correlated with lifetime potential fecundity, explaining 37-66% of the variation among moths depending on adult diet, and this effect was substantial. Tal;en together, our results suggest that the bulk of variation in realized fecundity is generated in the larval stage, provided suitable oviposition substrate is available for the adults. This information will be important in understanding population dynamics of beet armyworm and to improving our ability to predict population outbreaks from sampling data. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 94 IS 3 BP 415 EP 419 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0415:RAPFEF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 436JW UT WOS:000168933600009 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Kurashima, R Albrecht, CP AF Chang, CL Kurashima, R Albrecht, CP TI Larval development of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) on a meridic diet SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; meridic diet; mass rearing ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; LATIFRONS DIPTERA AB A meridic diet (Ceratitis capitata #1) containing corncob as a bullting agent was developed and found comparable to diets currently used for rearing the larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The composition of C. capitata #1 diet (mg/50 g diet) is essential amino acids 636; arginine, 106.8; histidine, 45.6; isoleucine, 56.4; leucine, 108; lysine, 58.8; methionine, 27.6; phenylalanine, 70.8; threonine, 54; tryptophan, 28.8; valine, 79.2; non-essential amino acids 964.8; alanine, 78; aspartic acid, 112.8; cystine, 40.8; glutamic acid, 392.4; glycine, 90; proline, 124.8; serine, 78; tyrosine, 48; ribonucleic acid, 100; vitamins, 5.35; (thiamine [vitamin B-1], 1.0; riboflavin [vitamin B-2], 1.0; nicotinic acid, 1.0; pantothenic acid, 1.0; pyridoxine [vitamin B-6], 1.0; biotin, 0.1; folic acid, 0.25); anti-microbials. 256 (methylparaben), 100; sodium benzoate, 100; p-amino benzoic acid, 1.0; streptomycin. 50; oxytetracycline, HCl 5; cholesterol, 40; inositol, 10; choline chloride, 20; minerals (McCollum and Davis Salt mixture No. 185), 100; citric acid (acidulant).500; sucrose, 2000; corncob grit (screen size 30/80), 12,000; distilled water, 33,000 and pH 3.5. Tire omission of all 10 essential amino acids from the meridic diet mixture inhibited development past the first instar. Deletion of eight non-essential amino acids, 10 vitamins, sugar, or ribonucleic acid delayed larval growth. In addition, larvae reared on diet without non-essential amino acids, vitamins, sugar or cholesterol resulted in papal weight loss. Pupal recovery and adult emergence were affected by the removal of 10 vitamins or cholesterol from the C. capitata #1 diet. Flight ability was decreased in tire absence of 10 vitamins. No significant effects were shown in diet lacking salt mixture. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 2727 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 94 IS 3 BP 433 EP 437 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0433:LDOCCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 436JW UT WOS:000168933600012 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE AF Shelly, TE TI Exposure to alpha-copaene and alpha-copaene-containing oils enhances mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; attractant; alpha-copaene; mating behavior ID HOST-PLANT; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; FLY DIPTERA; PHEROMONE; ATTRACTION; COMPETITIVENESS; TRIMEDLURE; RESPONSES; FRAGRANCE AB Previous research revealed that exposure to the synthetic attractant trimedlure increased the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). In the current study, I investigated whether a similar effect resulted from male exposure to alpha -copaene, a naturally occurring compound found in many host plants, and two alpha -copaene-containing essential oils, angelica seed oil (Angelica archangelica L.) and ginger root oil, (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). For all three substances, mature males were exposed to 20 mul of the attractant over a 6-h period and then held 2 d before testing. In field-cage trials, treated males (exposed to attractants) obtained significantly more matings than control males (no exposure) for all three substances. In an additional experiment with ginger root oil, treated males prevented from contacting the oil directly (i.e., exposed to the odor only) still exhibited a mating advantage over control males. Discussion centers on the influence of alpha -copaene-bearing plants on the mating system of C. capitata and the possibility of using attractants in prerelease exposure of males to increase the effectiveness of sterile insect release programs. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaiian Evolutionary Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, POB 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 39 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 94 IS 3 BP 497 EP 502 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0497:ETCACC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 436JW UT WOS:000168933600021 ER PT J AU Kochansky, J Knox, DA Feldlaufer, M Pettis, JS AF Kochansky, J Knox, DA Feldlaufer, M Pettis, JS TI Screening alternative antibiotics against oxytetracycline-susceptible and -resistant Paenibacillus larvae SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Paenibacillus larvae larvae; antibiotic; resistance; American foulbrood ID AMERICAN FOULBROOD; BACILLUS LARVAE; DISPOSITION; HONEYBEE; TYLOSIN; HIVES; APIS AB Since resistance of the causative organism of American foulbrood, Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, to oxytetracycline (OTC) is becoming widespread in the United States, we began a search for effective alternative antibiotics. We investigated the sensitivity of P. l. larvae to 27 antibiotics, which were primarily ones already registered with the US Food and Drug Administration for agricultural uses. Bacterial resistance to OTC also conferred resistance to other tetracyclines, although the level of resistance varied. The most active antibiotics screened that are currently used in agriculture were erythromycin, lincomycin, monensin, and tylosin. Rifampicin was by far the most active antibiotic tested, but since it is used against tuberculosis, registration of this material for agricultural use is unlikely. C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kochansky, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 215 EP 222 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 450TR UT WOS:000169759600002 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB Matson, EG Humphrey, SB AF Stanton, TB Matson, EG Humphrey, SB TI Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae gyrB mutants and interstrain transfer of coumermycin A(1) resistance SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA GYRASE; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TOPOISOMERASE-IV; SWINE-DYSENTERY; NADH OXIDASE; MITOMYCIN-C; MUTATIONS AB To further develop genetic techniques for the enteropathogen Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the gyrB gene of this spirochete was isolated from a lambda ZAPII library of strain B204 genomic DNA and sequenced, The putative protein encoded by this gene exhibited up to 55% amino acid sequence identity with GyrB proteins of various bacterial species, including other spirochetes, B. hyodysenteriae coumermycin A(1)-resistant (Cn(r)) mutant strains, both spontaneous and UV induced, were isolated by plating B204 cells onto Trypticase soy blood agar plates containing 0.5 mug of coumermycin A(1)/ml, The coumermycin A(1) MICs were 25 to 100 mug/ml for the resistant strains and 0.1 to 0.35 mug/ml for strain B204, Four Cn(r) strains had single nucleotide changes in their gyrB genes, corresponding to GyrB amino acid changes of Gly(78) to Ser (tno strains), Gly(78) to Cys, and Thr(166) to Ala, When Cn(r) strain 435A (Gly(78) to Ser) and Cm-r Km(r) strain SH (Delta flaA1::cat Delta nox::kan) were cultured together in brain heart infusion broth containing 10% (vol/vol) heat-treated (56 degreesC, 30 min) calf serum, cells resistant to chloramphenicol, coumermycin A(1), and kanamycin could be isolated from the cocultures after overnight incubation, but such cells could not be isolated from monocultures of either strain. Seven Cn(r) Km(r) Cm-r strains were tested and were determined to have resistance genotypes of both strain 435A and strain SH, Cn(r) Km(r) (Cm-r cells could not be isolated when antiserum to the bacteriophage-like agent VSH-1 was added to cocultures, and the numbers of resistant cells increased fivefold when mitomycin C, an inducer of VSH-1 production, was added. These results indicate that coumermycin resistance associated with a gyrB mutation is a useful selection marker for monitoring gene exchange between B. hyodysenteriae cells, Gene transfer readily occurs between B. hyodysenteriae cells in broth culture, a finding with practical importance. VSH-1 is the likely mechanism for gene transfer. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 67 IS 5 BP 2037 EP 2043 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.5.2037-2043.2001 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 428YC UT WOS:000168488400007 PM 11319078 ER PT J AU Larrondo, LF Lobos, S Stewart, P Cullen, D Vicuna, R AF Larrondo, LF Lobos, S Stewart, P Cullen, D Vicuna, R TI Isoenzyme multiplicity and characterization of recombinant manganese peroxidases from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Phanerochaete chrysosporium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN-DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE; OROTIDINE-5'-PHOSPHATE DECARBOXYLASE GENE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; STABILITY; GLYCOSYLATION; SECRETION; CLONING; ORYZAE AB We expressed cDNAs coding for manganese peroxidases (MnPs! from the basidiomycetes Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (MnP1) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (H4) under control of the alpha -amylase promoter from. Aspergillus oryzae in Aspergillus nidulans. The recombinant proteins (rMnP1 and rH4) were expressed at similar Levels and had molecular masses, both before and after deglycosylation, that were the same as those described For the MnPs isolated from the corresponding parental strains. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) analysis of rH4 revealed several isoforms with pls between 4.83 and 4.06, and one of these pls coincided with the pi described for H4 isolated from P. chrysosporium (pl 4.6). IEF of rMnP1 resolved four isoenzymes with pIs between 3.45 and 3.15, and the pattern closely resembled the pattern observed with MnPs isolated from C. subvermispora grown in solid-state cultures. We compared the abilities of recombinant MnPs to use various substrates and found that rH4 could oxidize o-dianisidine and p-anisidine without externally added manganese, a property not previously reported for this MnP isoenzyme from P. chrysosporium. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Genet Mol & Microbiol, Fac Ciencias Biol, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, Inst Milenio Biol Fundamental & Aplicada, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, Fac Ciencias Quim & Farmaceut, Santiago, Chile. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Vicuna, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Genet Mol & Microbiol, Fac Ciencias Biol, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. RI Larrondo, Luis/A-2916-2013; Larrondo, Luis/J-1086-2016 OI Larrondo, Luis/0000-0002-8832-7109 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 67 IS 5 BP 2070 EP 2075 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.5.2070-2075.2001 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 428YC UT WOS:000168488400012 PM 11319083 ER PT J AU Uhlich, GA Keen, JE Elder, RO AF Uhlich, GA Keen, JE Elder, RO TI Mutations in the csgD promoter associated with variations in curli expression in certain strains of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBRONECTIN-BINDING; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; AGGREGATIVE FIMBRIAE; H-NS; TYPHIMURIUM; WASHINGTON; ORGANELLES; POLYMERASE; THIN AB Single-base-pair csgD promoter mutations in human outbreak Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains ATCC 43894 and ATCC 43895 coincided with differential Congo red dye binding from curli fiber expression. Red phenotype csgD::lacZ promoter fusions had fourfold-greater expression than white promoter fusions. Cloning the red variant csgDEFG operon into white variants induced the red phenotype. Substrate utilization differed between red and white variants. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Uhlich, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 67 IS 5 BP 2367 EP 2370 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.5.2367-2370.2001 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 428YC UT WOS:000168488400054 PM 11319125 ER PT J AU Carrizosa, MJ Koskinen, WC Hermosin, MC Cornejo, J AF Carrizosa, MJ Koskinen, WC Hermosin, MC Cornejo, J TI Dicamba adsorption-desorption on organoclays SO APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clays; contamination; herbicide; immobilisation; organoclays; pesticide; polar; pollutant; remediation; soil; water ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND; EXCHANGED CLAYS; SORPTION; WATER; SOIL; ACID; FORMULATIONS; GROUNDWATER AB The adsorption-desorption of the herbicide dicamba (pK(a) = 1.9, water solubility, 6.5 g kg (-1)) by organoclays (OCls) was studied at different concentrations and pH levels. Two smectites (SAz and SWy), varying in surface properties, were reacted with amounts of different alkylammonium cations [octadecyl(C18)-, hexadecyl-trimethyl(HDT)- and dioctadecyl-dimethyl(DOD)ammonium] equal to 50% or 100% of the clays' CEC. Adsorption isotherms of dicamba on diverse OCl were some of L-type and others of S-type, but both resulted in sigmoid form when extended to higher concentration. Adsorption was greater for OCls with high-layer charge, basal spacing, alkylammonium size and organocation saturation close to CEC. Dicamba adsorption by OCls seems to involve hydrophobic and polar interactions for which the availability of interlayer room between organocations is very important. Adsorption data at different pH levels and two different concentrations (0.05 and 1 mM) indicated that molecular dicamba is the main adsorbing species,, especially at high concentration. Desorption isotherms were reversible, except in OCls with primary alkylammonium (C18) and largest quaternary (DOD), for which there were moderate hysteresis as a result of stronger polar contribution in the primary alkylammonium and the difficulty for diffusion in the case of the quaternary, bulky OCl. The treatment of an artificially dicamba-contaminated soil with highly adsorptive OCls rendered a dramatic decrease in the CaCl2-released- or mobile dicamba, suggesting these OCls as potential immobilising agents. The amount of herbicide immobilised by the OCl was partially extractable with methanol/CaCl2, solution, suggesting its biovailability and hence, its possible combination with bioremediation technique. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. OI Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 NR 27 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 7 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1317 J9 APPL CLAY SCI JI Appl. Clay Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 18 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0169-1317(01)00037-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 432FL UT WOS:000168681500003 ER PT J AU Chastain, JP Vanotti, MB Wingfield, MM AF Chastain, JP Vanotti, MB Wingfield, MM TI Effectiveness of liquid-solid separation for treatment of flushed dairy manure: A case study SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE manure treatment; dairy; solid-liquid separation AB Sunny Day Farm was the home of the highest producing registered Jersey herd in the world at the time this study was conducted. The cows are housed in a freestall barn, and manure is removed from the bam using a flush system. The manure treatment system on this farm includes the following components in series: an inclined stationary screen separator, a two-chambered settling basin, and a lagoon. Samples were taken to quantify the performance of the existing manure treatment system. The inclined stationary screen separator removed 60.9% of the total solids, 62.8% of the volatile solids, 49.2% of the TKN, 52.2% of the organic-N, and 53.1% of the total P. The complete on-farm manure treatment system removed 93.0% of the TS, 95.6% of the VS, 74.0% of the TKN, 91.1% of the organic-N, and 86.1% of the total P. In addition, settling experiments were carried out with flushed manure (unscreened) and effluent from the mechanical separator (screened) to determine how well settling of dairy manure could be enhanced with a polymer (PAM) and aluminum sulfate. Addition of 250 to 400 mg PAM/L to screened and unscreened dairy manure significantly increased the removal of total and volatile solids, organic-N, total P, Cu, and Zn. The optimum amount of PAM to add was 300 mg/L for screened and unscreened manure. Settling of flushed dairy manure for 60 min following an application of 300 mg PAM/L removed 76.1% of the TS, 80.3% of the VS, 80.8% of the COD, 45.7% of the TKN, 72.3% of the organic-N, and 61.8% of the total R The largest amount of TKN and total P was removed by a two-stage separation process that combined the stationary inclined screen separator followed by gravity settling with a polymer or aluminum sulfate. Enhancing the gravity stage with 300 mg PAM/L removed 71.1% of the TKN and 86.0% of the P Application of 3,194 mg alum/L removed 71.1% of the TKN and 99.6% of the total P. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Chastain, JP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 216 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 343 EP 354 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 496KX UT WOS:000172395700012 ER PT J AU Meisinger, JJ Lefcourt, AM Thompson, RB AF Meisinger, JJ Lefcourt, AM Thompson, RB TI Construction and validation of small mobile wind tunnels for studying ammonia volatilization SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; volatilization; wind tunnel; manure; urea ID CATTLE SLURRY; FIELD; SYSTEM; EMISSIONS; GRASSLAND; MANURE; PIG AB Ammonia volatilization is a major nitrogen (N) loss process for surface applied manures and urea fertilizers. Ammonia volatilization is a complex phenomenon requiring specialized research equipment to gather valid scientific data, which is essential for developing management practices to minimize N losses from farms and N inputs to neighboring ecosystems. The objectives of this work were: i) to describe a revised version of the small mobile wind-tunnels originally reported by Lockyer, and ii) to assess the ability of these wind tunnels to quantitatively recover ammonia lost from dilute solutions. The design, construction, cost (about $4000 each), physical calibration, and operation of the wind tunnels are described. The tunnels consist of two connected parts: i) a transparent plastic canopy which covers a 1-m(2) treatment area, and ii) a sheet-metal cylinder, which houses an adjustable speed motor with attached fan blade and an air sampler to monitor ammonia volatilization. Two ammonia loss-and-recovery experiments were conducted at constant wind speeds of 0.5 and 1.0 in s(-1) to assess tunnel performance. Mean ammonia recoveries were 104 +/-6% at 0.5 m s(-1) and 104 +/- 18% at 1.0 m s(-1). These results demonstrate that the wind tunnels can be valid tools for collecting volatilized ammonia and for making relative comparisons among N management treatments. Obtaining valid comparison of different management treatments is essential for the development of improved N management practices that minimize ammonia losses from manures or fertilizers. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Almeria, Dept Prod Vegetal, Almeria, Spain. RP Meisinger, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 163F Rm 6 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Thompson, Rodney/G-8950-2013 OI Thompson, Rodney/0000-0002-9323-5911 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 375 EP 381 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 496KX UT WOS:000172395700015 ER PT J AU Yang, C AF Yang, C TI A variable rate applicator for controlling rates of two liquid fertilizers SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE control system; fertilizer; grain sorghum; precision agriculture; variable rate applicator AB Variable rate fertilization aims to improve fertilizer use efficiency and reduce leaching by varying fertilizer rates according to the needs of each area within afield. This article describes a variable rate applicator capable of simultaneously varying rates of two liquid fertilizers and reports on its static and dynamic performance and field application accuracy. A control system was adapted to a side dressing applicator for variable rate applications of two different liquid fertilizers: N32 and 11-37-0. Static calibration indicated that the controller had very good linearity Dynamic response testing showed that the control system had a rise time of about half a second and could stabilize at the desired rate within 1 to 2 s. Field experiments were carried out at three grain sorghum fields in the 1997 and 1998 growing seasons. Three fertilizer treatments, two uniform and one variable rate, were assigned in 18 experimental plots across the three fields. The variable rate applicator performed well during field applications for both years. Mean application rate errors for N32 and 11-37-0 were, respectively, 2.5 and 5.2% in 1997 and 2.8 and 5.8% in 1998. These results showed that the variable rate applicator had very good dynamic response and high application accuracy. The methodologies and testing results presented in this article have practical implications for the development and testing of variable rate equipment in precision agriculture. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 409 EP 417 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 496KX UT WOS:000172395700019 ER PT J AU Matsushima, K Chang, PK Yu, J Abe, K Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Matsushima, K Chang, PK Yu, J Abe, K Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Pre-termination in aflR of Aspergillus sojae inhibits aflatoxin biosynthesis SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY GENE; PARASITICUS; FLAVUS; PROTEIN; DNA; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; MUTANTS; BINDING; CLONING AB The aflR gene product is the main transcriptional regulator of aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. Although A. sojae strains do not produce aflatoxins, they do have an aflR homologue. When compared with the aflR of A. parasiticus, the A. sojae gene contains two mutations: an HAHA motif and a premature stop codon. To investigate the functionality of the A. sojae aflR gene product, we used a GAL4 one-hybrid system in yeast. The transcription-activating activity of AflR from A. sojae was 15% of that from A. pamsiticus. The introduction of an additional aflR from A. sojae into an A. parasiticus strain did not affect aflatoxin productivity. A hybrid aflR comprising the amino-terminal region of A. sojae aflR and the carboxy-terminal region of A. parasiticus aflR suppressed the effect associated with pre-termination of the A. sojae AflR. We conclude that the premature stop codon of the A. sojae aflR is the key to its functionality and leads to prevention of aflatoxin biosynthesis through loss of the transcription of aflatoxin biosynthesis-related genes. C1 Kikkoman Corp, Res & Dev Div, Noda, Chiba 2780037, Japan. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Matsushima, K (reprint author), Kikkoman Corp, Res & Dev Div, 339 Noda, Noda, Chiba 2780037, Japan. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 55 IS 5 BP 585 EP 589 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 435ZT UT WOS:000168912600011 PM 11414325 ER PT J AU Liaugaudas, G Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH Bostom, AG AF Liaugaudas, G Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH Bostom, AG TI Renal insufficiency, vitamin B-12 status, and population attributable risk for mild hyperhomocysteinemia among coronary artery disease patients in the era of folic acid-fortified cereal grain flour SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coronary arteriosclerosis; renal function; homocysteine; determinants ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION RATE; ELDERLY POPULATION; SERUM CREATININE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLATE; NEPHROSCLEROSIS; HOMOCYST(E)INE; FORTIFICATION; DETERMINANTS AB Fortification of enriched cereal grain flour products with folic acid has drastically reduced the prevalence of deficient plasma folate status, a major determinant of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels. We hypothesized that even more liberally defined "suboptimal'' plasma folate status might no longer contribute importantly to the population attributable risk (PAR) for mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a putative atherothrombotic risk factor. We determined fasting plasma tHcy, folate, vitamin B-12, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels, along with serum creatinine and albumin levels, in 267 consecutive patients (aged 61+/-9 [mean+/-SD] years, 76.4% men and 26.6% women) with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who were nonusers of vitamin supplements or had abstained from supplement use for at least 6 weeks before examination. Subjects were evaluated a minimum of 3 months after the implementation of flour fortification was largely completed. Relative risk estimates for the calculation of PAR were derived from a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model with greater than or equal to 12 mu mol/L tHcy as the dependent variable and with age, sex, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (continuous), albumin (continuous), <5 ng/mL folate, <250 pg/mL vitamin B-12, and greater than or equal to1.3 mg/dL creatinine as the independent variables. The prevalence of greater than or equal to 12 mu mol/L plasma tHcy was 11.2% (30 of 267 patients). PAR estimates (percentage) for greater than or equal to 12 mu mol/L tHcy were as follows: <5 ng/mL folate (<1%), <250 pg/mL vitamin B-12 (24.5%), and 1.3 mg/dL creatinine (37.5%). In the era of folic acid-fortified cereal grain flour, renal insufficiency and suboptimal vitamin B-12 status (but not folate status) contribute importantly to the PAR for mild hyperhomocysteinemia among patients with stable CAD. C1 Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Gen Internal Med, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Tufts Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Bostom, AG (reprint author), Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Gen Internal Med, 111 Brewster St, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-56908-01A1] NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 21 IS 5 BP 849 EP 851 PG 3 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 431VG UT WOS:000168652000024 PM 11348885 ER PT J AU Qureshi, AA Peterson, DM AF Qureshi, AA Peterson, DM TI The combined effects of novel tocotrienols and lovastatin on lipid metabolism in chickens SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE novel tocotrienols of rice bran; lovastatin; lipid metabolism; HMG-CoA reductase ID COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC HUMANS; GAMMA-TOCOTRIENOL; ATHEROGENIC DIET; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA; RATS; LIPOPROTEINS AB Both lovastatin (a fungal product) and a tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF25, a mixture of tocols isolated from stabilized and heated rice bran containing desmethyl [d-P-21-T3] and didesmethyl [d-P-25-T3] tocotrienols) are potent hypocholesterolemic agents, although they suppress cholesterol biosynthesis by different mechanisms. To determine additive and/or synergistic effects of both agents, chickens were fed diets supplemented with 50 ppm TRF25 or d-P-25-T3 in combination with 50 ppm lovastatin for 4 weeks. Combinations of d-P-25-T3 With lovastatin were found most effective in reducing serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol compared to the control diet or individual supplements. The mixture of TRF25 + lovastatin inhibited the activity of beta -hydroxy-beta -methylglutaryl coenzymeA reductase (21%) compared to lovastatin alone, which did not change its activity. Cholesterol 7 alpha -hydroxylase activity was increased by lovastatin (11%,) and by lovastatin plus TRF25 (19%). TRF25 + lovastatin decreased levels of serum total cholesterol (22%). LDL cholesterol (42%), apolipoprotein B (13-38%). triglycerides (19%), thromboxane B-2 (34%) and platelet factor 4 (26%), although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. and apolipoprotein Al levels were unaffected. The mixture of TRF25 + lovastatin showed greater effects than did the individual treatments alone, reflecting possible additive pharmacological actions. The effects, however, of the d-P-25-T3/lovastatin combination were no greater than that of d-P-25-T3 alone, possibly indicating that d-P-25-T3 produced a maximum cholesterol lowering effect at the concentration used. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Adv Med Res, Madison, WI 53719 USA. ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Qureshi, AA (reprint author), Adv Med Res, 8251 Raymond Rd, Madison, WI 53719 USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAY PY 2001 VL 156 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00612-2 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 438BU UT WOS:000169034500005 PM 11368995 ER PT J AU Asztalos, BF Brousseau, ME McNamara, JR Horvath, KV Roheim, PS Schaefer, EJ AF Asztalos, BF Brousseau, ME McNamara, JR Horvath, KV Roheim, PS Schaefer, EJ TI Subpopulations of high density lipoproteins in homozygous and heterozygous Tangier disease SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE lipoproteins; apolipoproteins; cholesterol; HDL; Tangier disease ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER-1; CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX; INTRACELLULAR CHOLESTEROL; CELLULAR CHOLESTEROL; HUMAN PLASMA; GENE; DEFICIENCY; PARTICLES; MUTATIONS AB Tangier disease (TD) is characterized by severe high-density lipoproteins (HDL) deficiency, hypercatabolism of HDL constituents, impaired cellular cholesterol efflux. and mutations in the gent of ATP-binding cassette 1 (ABC-1). In the present determined plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels. and HDL subpopulations, in 110 subjects from a large TD kindred in which the proband was homozygous for an A -->C missense mutation at nucleotide 5338 of the ABC-1 transcript. In the proband HDL-C, apoA-I, and apoA-II concentrations were 2, 1, and 2 mg/dl. respectively. apoA-I was present only in pre beta (1), while apoA-II was found free of apoA-I in two distinct alpha mobility subpopulations with different sizes. The smaller size particles contained only apoA-II while the larger one contained apoA-II and apo(a). Relative to unaffected male relatives (n = 30), male heterozygotes (n = 21) had significant reductions (P < 0.001) in plasma HDL-C (- 45%,), apoA-I (- 34%). apoA-II (- 59%), apoA-IV (- 40%), Lp(a) (- 62%), and apoB (- 55%) concentrations. and a significant increase (P < 0.05. + 33%,) in plasma apoC-III levels. Female heterozygotes (n = 11) similarly had significant reductions (P < 0.001) in the concentrations of plasma HDL-C (- 42%,), apoA-I (- 27%), apoA-II (- 52%), Lp(a) (- 27%), and (P < 0.01) apoA-IV (- 28%), apoB (- 13%). and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in plasma apoE levels ( + 29%) as compared to unaffected female relatives (n = 41). Large size HDL subpopulations, especially the two LpA-I particles: (1) and pre alpha (1) were dramatically reduced in both male and female heterozygotes relative to their unaffected family members. Since apoA-II decreased more than apoA-I in both male and female heterozygotes, the ratios of apoA-I/apoA-II were significantly (P < 0.01) increased. The prevalence of CHD was 60%, higher in the 32 heterozygotes than in the 71 unaffected relatives even though the latter group was on average 7 years older. We conclude that TD homozygotes have only pre(1) apoA-I-containing HDL subpopulations. while heterozygotes have HDL that is selectively depleted in the large alpha (1), pre alpha (1), and alpha (2), prec alpha (2) subpopulations, resulting in HDL particles that are small in size, poor in cholesterol, but relatively enriched in apoA-I compared to those of their unaffected relatives. These abnormalities appear to result in a higher risk of CHD in heterozygotes than in unaffected controls. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Metab Diabet & Mol Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Asztalos, BF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL064738, HL-56160, HL-64738] NR 38 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAY PY 2001 VL 156 IS 1 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00643-2 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 438BU UT WOS:000169034500027 PM 11369017 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Kronenberg, F Gohh, RY Schwenger, V Kuen, E Konig, P Kraatz, G Lhotta, K Mann, JFE Muller, GA Neyer, U Riegel, W Riegler, P Ritz, E Selhub, J AF Bostom, AG Kronenberg, F Gohh, RY Schwenger, V Kuen, E Konig, P Kraatz, G Lhotta, K Mann, JFE Muller, GA Neyer, U Riegel, W Riegler, P Ritz, E Selhub, J TI Chronic renal transplantation: a model for the hyperhomocysteinemia of renal insufficiency SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE renal function; homocysteine; immunosuppressive drugs; clinical trials ID TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RECIPIENTS; PLASMA; CYCLOSPORINE; REDUCTION AB Renal transplant recipients (RTR) are considered representative of patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) in general with respect to both reduced, progressively declining renal function, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In accord with this argument, we hypothesized that total (t) plasma concentrations of the putatively atherothrombotic amino acid homocysteine (Hcy) would be equivalent in RTR and CRI patients with comparable renal function. We determined plasma tHcy, folate, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and B12 concentrations, in addition to serum creatinine and albumin concentrations, in 86 chronic, stable RTR, and 238 patients with CRI. Within comparable ranges of serum creatinine (i.e. RTR = 0.6-4.2 mg/dl: CRI = 0.7-4.1 mg/dl), tHcy concentrations did not differ between the two groups (RTR = 15.0 mu mol/l; CRI = 14.9 mu mol/l, P = 0.899). ANCOVA revealed that renal function, gauged as a simple creatinine measurement. was the major independent determinant of plasma tHcy concentrations, accounting for similar to 80-90% of the total variability in tHcy predicted by the full model (i.e. full model R(2)) containing, in addition to creatinine, the seven other potential explanatory variables. If cor;trolled trials confirm that tHcy-lowering treatment reduces CVD events rates in RTR, these results should be applicable to CRI patients in general. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Gen Internal Med, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Med Biol & Human Genet, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Ruprecht Karls Univ Heidelberg, Dept Internal Med, Div Nephrol, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Innsbruck Hosp, Dept Clin Nephrol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Dept Internal Med 4, Greifswald, Germany. Univ Munich, Munchen Sshwabing Hosp, Munich, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Dept Nephrol & Rheumatol, Gottingen, Germany. Feldkirch Hosp, Feldkirch, Austria. Univ Saarland, Med Klin, Homburg, Germany. Bozen Hosp, Div Nephrol & Hemodialysis, Bolzano, Italy. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bostom, AG (reprint author), Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Gen Internal Med, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. EM abostom@loa.com RI Kronenberg, Florian/B-1736-2008 OI Kronenberg, Florian/0000-0003-2229-1120 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAY PY 2001 VL 156 IS 1 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00613-4 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 438BU UT WOS:000169034500028 PM 11369018 ER PT J AU Mason, PW Grubman, MJ AF Mason, PW Grubman, MJ TI Controlling foot-and-mouth disease with vaccines? SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Mason, PW (reprint author), ARS, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSN PI MELBOURNE PA 272 BRUNSWICK RD BRUNSWICK, MELBOURNE, VIC 3056, AUSTRALIA SN 0005-0423 J9 AUST VET J JI Aust. Vet. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 79 IS 5 BP 342 EP 343 DI 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb12009.x PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 431ZE UT WOS:000168661000031 PM 11432000 ER PT J AU Castrillo, LA Lee, RE Wyman, JA Lee, MR Rutherford, ST AF Castrillo, LA Lee, RE Wyman, JA Lee, MR Rutherford, ST TI Field persistence of ice-nucleating bacteria in overwintering Colorado potato beetles SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Pseudomonosuorescens fluorescens; Pseudomonas putida; Colorado potato ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA SAY; ACTIVE PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; COLD-HARDINESS; FROST INJURY; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; DIAPAUSE; TOLERANCE; STRAINS AB Ice-nucleating bacteria are biological ice nucleators capable of elevating the temperature at which ice crystals form in the body fluids of insects, termed the supercooling point (SCP). In the freeze-intolerant Colorado potato beetle, these bacteria reduce its cold tolerance and, consequently, increase the likelihood of mortality in overwintering adults exposed to subzero temperatures. In this held study, two ice-nucleating bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida, were evaluated for their persistence and efficacy against over wintering adults. Both strains significantly elevated the SCP of treated beetles immediately after ingestion. However, only beetles fed P. fluorescens still had significantly elevated SCPs (-4.2 degreesC) versus control (-6.4 degreesC) after overwintering in the field. Bacterial persistence in beetle guts was confirmed by PCR assays that positively correlated the presence of P. fluorescens with elevated SCPs. Despite the reduction of cold tolerance in overwintering adults with P. fluorescens, no significant difference was observed in the survival rates of treated versus control beetles during the winter. Because adults overwinter in the ground, the effect of this bacterium On beetle survival depends on the soil temperatures that overwintering adults experience, Nevertheless, recovery of most of the adults in the upper 15 cm of soil strata indicates that beetles with potent ice nucleating bacteria in their guts could be subject to critically low temperatures during winter. Our results show that ice-nucleating P. fluorescens compromises the cold tolerance of Colorado potato beetles and suggest that by development of strategies to maximize bacterial efficacy in the field, this bacterium offers a potential biocontrol system against overwintering populations. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Castrillo, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1006/bcon.2000.0913 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 426UB UT WOS:000168365800002 ER PT J AU Castrillo, LA Rutherford, ST Lee, RE Lee, MR AF Castrillo, LA Rutherford, ST Lee, RE Lee, MR TI Enhancement of ice-nucleating activity in Pseudomonas fluorescens and its effect on efficacy against overwintering Colorado potato beetles SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Colorado potato beetle; ice-nucleating bacteria; freeze-intolerant insects; biological control ID DECEMLINEATA SAY COLEOPTERA; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; COLD-TOLERANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ERWINIA-HERBICOLA; LOW-TEMPERATURE; FROST INJURY; BACTERIA; SYRINGAE AB The application of ice-nucleating bacteria as biological control agents for Colorado potato beetles requires the development of media for mass production that optimize bacterial efficacy against overwintering adults. The production method in our laboratory has been limited to a solid medium, nutrient agar supplemented with 2.5% glycerol (NAG), that is known to enhance ice-nucleating activity. In this study, we report culture conditions that enhance expression of type 1 ice nuclei (i.e., initiate freezing at or above -5 degreesC) in the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens F26-4C grown in liquid media. Expression of type 1 ice nuclei was induced during the exponential to the stationary phase of its growth cycle by a low-temperature shift to either 15 or 4 degreesC for at least 1 h. Growth in media with a limiting level of nitrogen and with 5% dextrose or galactose, coupled with a temperature shift to 4 degreesC for 2 h, resulted in the greatest enhancement of type 1 nuclei. Adult Colorado potato beetles fed P. fluorescens cells induced to produce type 1 ice nuclei showed a sustained elevation of supercooling points (i.e., the temperature at which ice formation spontaneously occurs in body fluids) comparable to beetles fed cells grown on NAG. These results suggest that P. fluorescens F26-4C produced in liquid media is as persistent in and as effective against overwintering adults as that grown on a solid medium. Furthermore, the ability to culture in liquid media may facilitate the mass production of bacterial cells needed for field applications. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Castrillo, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1006/bcon.2000.0915 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 426UB UT WOS:000168365800004 ER PT J AU Hill, RL Markin, GP Gourlay, AH Fowler, SV Yoshioka, E AF Hill, RL Markin, GP Gourlay, AH Fowler, SV Yoshioka, E TI Host range, release, and establishment of Sericothrips staphylinus haliday (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) as a biological control agent for gorse, Ulex europaeus L. (Fabaceae), in New Zealand and Hawaii SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; gorse; Hawaii; New Zealand; host-range testing; Sericothrips staphylinus; Ulex europaeus; weeds ID BROOM AB This paper presents the results of tests to determine the host range of Sericothrips staphylinus Haliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an agent selected for control of Ulex europaeus (Fabaceae). It also describes the biology of the thrips and its release and establishment in New Zealand and Hawaii. Eighty-three plant species were tested. Research was conducted in several institutions by use of five testing methods. Adult thrips survived for up to 15 days without food or longer on nonhost plants (causing small feeding scars). Female thrips laid eggs on several species of the Fabaceae other than U. europaeus, but with one exception, larvae died. Chamaecytisus palmensis (Christ) Bisby et K. Nichols supported the development of one adult in nine laboratory tests. Thrips produced adults on this plant in field cage tests, but in small numbers compared to controls. S. staphylinus appears to be narrowly oligophagous, but might establish on C. palmensis. At 19 degreesC, females laid 1 egg per day on seedlings, for up to 8 weeks. Lifetime fecundity averaged 76 eggs per female. Development from egg to adult took. 42 days. Thrips originating from the United Kingdom were released at 129 sites in New Zealand and have established at 59% of sites to date. Thrips originating from the United Kingdom, Portugal, and France were released in Hawaii, and all established. Thrips have caused heavy foliar damage at some field sites, and growth of the target weed has been significantly reduced in laboratory experiments. However, the impact of S. staphylinus on the gorse problem in New Zealand and Hawaii remains to be seen. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. US Forest Serv, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. CABI Biosci, Ascot SL5 7TA, Berks, England. State Hawaii Dept Agr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hill, RL (reprint author), Richard Hill & Associates, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. RI Fowler, Simon/E-5391-2011 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1006/bcon.2000.0917 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 426UB UT WOS:000168365800008 ER PT J AU Stawasz, L Gale, B Parker, K Garzelli, B Oberbauer, A Van Loan, M AF Stawasz, L Gale, B Parker, K Garzelli, B Oberbauer, A Van Loan, M TI Bone mineral density and content in premenopausal women consuming a vegan or omnivore diet SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD MAY PY 2001 VL 28 IS 5 SU S BP S187 EP S188 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 434PL UT WOS:000168825000529 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JL Powell, JA Logan, JA Bentz, BJ AF Jenkins, JL Powell, JA Logan, JA Bentz, BJ TI Low seasonal temperatures promote life cycle synchronization SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; MODEL; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; SIMULATION; ECOLOGY AB In this paper we discuss how seasonal temperature variation and life-stage specific developmental thresholds that cause quiescence can synchronize the seasonal development of exothermic organisms. Using a simple aging model it is shown that minimal seasonal temperatur e variation and periods of quiescence during extreme temperature conditions are sufficient to establish stable, univoltine ovipositional cycles. Quiescence induced by life-stage specific developmental thresholds, in fact, promotes synchronous oviposition and emergence. The mountain pine beetle, an important insect living in extreme temperature conditions and showing no evidence of diapause, invites direct application of this model. Simulations using mountain pine beetle parameters are used to determine temperature regimes for which stable ovipositional cycles exist. (C) 2001 Society for Mathematical Biology. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Powell, JA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 63 IS 3 BP 573 EP 595 DI 10.1006/bulm.2001.0237 PG 23 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 432NE UT WOS:000168697300008 PM 11374306 ER PT J AU Bentz, BJ Logan, JA Vandygriff, JC AF Bentz, BJ Logan, JA Vandygriff, JC TI Latitudinal variation in Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) development time and adult size SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; CLIMATIC ADAPTATION; GROUND CRICKET; POPULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; DIFFERENTIATION; HOSTS AB Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins) is widely distributed across western North America, feeding in at least 12 native species of Pinus L. (Pinaceae). We investigated the existence of heritable differences in two life-history parameters (adult size and development time) of D. ponderosae from a northern population (central Idaho, Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) and a southern population (southern Utah, Pinus ponder osa Douglas ex P. and C. Lawson). We attempted to separate heritable from environmental effects by rearing individuals from both populations through two generations (F-1 and F-2) in a common standardized laboratory environment with a constant temperature. Two treatment effects were tested for in the F-2 generation: (I) geographic location (source host) for F-0 D. porderosae; and (2) the F-2 brood host. We hypothesized that, if differences were observed and the F-0 source host and region had a greater effect on F-2 brood development time and adult size than did the host in which F-2 brood were reared, a heritable factor related to the F-0 parents was responsible. Time to emergence was significantly shorter for second-generation offspring of the northern population than for second-generation offspring of the southern population, regardless of the F-2 brood host. Although both the F-2 brood host and F-0 source parents were significant in explaining differences observed in the developmental-time distribution of F-2 brood, the F-0 source effect was round to be much greater. Also, F-2 males and females from southern source parents were sig nificantly larger than F-2 brood from northern source parents when reared in both F-2 brood hosts. Geographic region and original host of F-0 source parents had a significant effect on F-2 offspring size, whereas the immediate food for F-2 brood was not significant in explaining differences. These results suggest genetically based regional differences in D. ponderosae populations. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Bentz, BJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 34 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 133 IS 3 BP 375 EP 387 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 440ZA UT WOS:000169205500010 ER PT J AU Miller, DR AF Miller, DR TI Frontalin interrupts attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) to ipsdienol SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ENGRAVER C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 133 IS 3 BP 407 EP 408 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 440ZA UT WOS:000169205500013 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Christianson, BA Unruh, TR AF Knight, AL Christianson, BA Unruh, TR TI Impacts of seasonal kaolin particle films on apple pest management SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SUPPRESSION; TORTRICIDAE; ORCHARDS; PEAR AB The impact of multiple applications of the kaolin-based particle him M96-018 on the population density of selected pests of apple, Malus domestica (Borkh) (Rosaceae), and their natural enemy populations were measured in several Washington State orchards from 1997 to 1999. Densities of western tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter elmaella (Doganlar and Mutuura) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), were significantly higher and percent parasitism was generally lower in treated plots than in untreated plots. The effect of M96-018 on green aphids (Aphis spp.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was variable between orchards; however, populations of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were higher in treated plots than in untreated plots. M96-018 reduced the mean density of the white apple leafhopper, Typhlocyba pomaria (McAtee) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and the density of spiders (Araneae) compared with untreated plots. Fruit injury by codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was significantly reduced in the treated plots compared with the untreated plots. The effect of M96-018; on the mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Hemiptera: Miridae), was variable be tween orchards and years. Stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) density and related fruit injury were unaffected by M96-018. Fruit infestation by San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), was significantly higher in treated plots than in untreated plots. Discontinuing applications of M96-018 at mid-season reduced the number of aphid-infested leaves and increased fruit injury by leafroller compared with a full-season program. No differences in pest densities occurred in plots treated for one versus two consecutive years; however, the density of phytophagous mites: (Acari: Tetranychidae) was significantly higher the subsequent year after plots were treated with M96-018. Further studies are needed to elucidate how these disruptive impacts of particle films can be minimized. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 133 IS 3 BP 413 EP 428 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 440ZA UT WOS:000169205500015 ER PT J AU Rowland, DL AF Rowland, DL TI Diversity in physiological and morphological characteristics of four cottonwood (Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) populations in New Mexico: evidence for a genetic component of variation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; 4 RIVER VALLEYS; WATER RELATIONS; BALSAM-POPLAR; EASTERN COTTONWOOD; GAS-EXCHANGE; TRICHOCARPA; PRODUCTIVITY; HYBRIDS; CLONES AB A common garden was established using 120 genotypes of Populus deltoides var. wislizenii (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder from four New Mexico populations (Abiquiu, Corrales, Bernardo, and San Antonio) to examine physiological and morphological differentiation within and among populations. All populations were located within the same watershed along the Rio Grande and one of its tributaries, the Rio Chama. In the common garden, I measured physiological and morphological variation during the 1996 and 1997 growing seasons to determine the extent of inter- and intra-population variation in these traits. In addition, because the sex of each source tree from the field was known, I was able to determine if these same traits varied among male, female, and nonreproductive trees. Small but significant differences within and among populations occurred for photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in both years. Leaf morphological traits also differed within and among populations, including leaf size, chlorophyll content, and specific leaf mass. Stomatal conductance differed significantly between female and nonreproductive trees in both years. This study demonstrated the existence of genetic variation in ecophysiological and morphological traits within and among cottonwood populations and among cottonwoods of differing reproductive status within a single watershed. C1 No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Rowland, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 31 IS 5 BP 845 EP 853 DI 10.1139/cjfr-31-5-845 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 435PR UT WOS:000168890300012 ER PT J AU Parresol, BR AF Parresol, BR TI Additivity of nonlinear biomass equations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION-MODELS; TREE; WEIGHTS; VOLUME AB Two procedures that guarantee the property of additivity among the components of tree biomass and total tree biomass utilizing nonlinear functions are developed. Procedure 1 is a simple combination approach, and procedure 2 is based on nonlinear joint-generalized regression (nonlinear seemingly unrelated regressions) with parameter restrictions. Statistical theory is given for construction of confidence and prediction intervals for the two procedures. Specific examples using slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) biomass data are presented to demonstrate and clarify the methods behind nonlinear estimation, additivity, error modeling, and the formation of confidence and prediction intervals. Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence indicate procedure 2 is generally superior to procedure 1.(1) It is argued that modeling the error structure is preferable to using the logarithmic transformation to deal with the problem of heteroscedasticity. The techniques given are applicable to any quantity that can be disaggregated into logical components. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Parresol, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 2680, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. NR 47 TC 119 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 31 IS 5 BP 865 EP 878 DI 10.1139/cjfr-31-5-865 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 435PR UT WOS:000168890300014 ER PT J AU Christensen, BE Ulset, AS Beer, MU Knuckles, BE Williams, DL Fishman, ML Chau, HK Wood, PJ AF Christensen, BE Ulset, AS Beer, MU Knuckles, BE Williams, DL Fishman, ML Chau, HK Wood, PJ TI Macromolecular characterisation of three barley beta-glucan standards by size-exclusion chromatography combined with light scattering and viscometry: an inter-laboratory study SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE barley beta-glucan; size-exclusion chromatography; multi-angle light scattering; low-angle light scattering; viscometry ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; OAT; (1->3),(1->4)-BETA-D-GLUCANS; WATER; CHITOSANS; DETECTORS; PULLULAN; ALEURONE; SYSTEM AB Six (1 --> 3)(1 --> 4)-beta -D-glucan standards (A-F) isolated from barley were analysed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) in five different laboratories with varying columns, solvent conditions and detector systems (low- and multi-angle light scattering and viscometry). Static (batch) measurements by capillary viscometry and laser light scattering were included. Fairly consistent results were obtained for the weight average molecular weights (M-w), radii of gyration (R-G) and intrinsic viscosities [eta], demonstrating that the beta -glucans may serve as useful standards or reference materials in the study of cereal beta -glucans. Average values for M-w were: A,E: 114,000 (+/-11%); B,C: 374,000 (+/-9%), D,F: 228,000 (+/-13%). Some inconsistencies regarding the polydispersity (M-w/M-n) could be ascribed to the influence of peak broadening in certain column/solvent systems. The study further demonstrated that individual researchers tended to use different processing parameters, especially refractive index increments (dn/dc), due to ambiguities in the literature or to differing experimental values. The need for consistent parameters and processing methods is clearly demonstrated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Norwegian Biopolymer Lab, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Agr & Agri Food Canada, So Crop Protect & Food Res Ctr, Food Res Program, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, James H Quillen Coll Med, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Novartis Nutr Res AG, CH-3176 Neuenegg, Switzerland. RP Christensen, BE (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Norwegian Biopolymer Lab, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM b.christensen@chembio.ntnu.no RI Christensen, Bjorn E./G-6033-2015 OI Christensen, Bjorn E./0000-0002-1135-9815 NR 22 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(00)00237-X PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 407TN UT WOS:000167287000002 ER PT J AU Erazo-Castrejon, SV Doehlert, DC D'Appolonia, BL AF Erazo-Castrejon, SV Doehlert, DC D'Appolonia, BL TI Application of oat oil in breadbaking SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLAR LIPIDS; FLOUR LIPIDS; BREAD; STARCH; BAKING; MECHANISM AB Lipids, especially polar lipids, can improve loaf volume, grain and texture, anti delay staling in bread. Oats (Avena sativa L.) are rich in total and polar lipids. We have investigated the effect of oat lipids in a bread formulation on loaf volume, appearance, and bread staling. Oat oil was fractionated into polar and nonpolar fractions by water-degumming. Crude oat oil and shortening (at 3%) increased loaf volume by approximate to 11% over the zero lipid formulation. The polar lipid fraction increased loaf volume by nearly the same amount when added at only a 0.5% level. The addition of 3% crude oat oil or 0.7% oat oil polar fraction significantly delayed bread firming and starch retrogradation; the difference between oat lipids and shortening was more evident at the end of a four-day storage period. Oat lipids had a stronger relative effect on bread from a weak flour (10% protein) than from a strong flour (14% protein). The effects of oat oil in the bread formulation could be related to the amphipathic character of polar lipids in oats that enables them to interact with starch, proteins, and other bread components. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.243 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 439QK UT WOS:000169128400006 ER PT J AU Bergman, CJ Delgado, JT McClung, AM Fjellstrom, RG AF Bergman, CJ Delgado, JT McClung, AM Fjellstrom, RG TI An improved method for using a microsatellite in the rice waxy gene to determine amylose class SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA; TEMPERATURE AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeders must evaluate progeny across multiple years and locations in part due to environmental effects on amylose content, the primary constituent that influences rice end-use quality. A microsatellite correlated with the various classes of apparent amylose content in rice has been used to decrease the development time for the U.S. cultivars Cadet and Jacinto by several years. The objective of this project was; to develop a relatively inexpensive method for assaying this microsatellite that is suitable for screening large numbers of progeny and to evaluate this method by analyzing a diverse set of breeding lines and cultivars. Rapid multiple-kernel (brown and milled), single kernel, and leaf tissue alkali DNA extraction procedures were developed. Enhanced resolution of allele classes and separation speed was achieved by electrophoresing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products encompassing the wary microsatellite in a polyacrylamide and Spreader gel matrix using a triple-wide mini electrophoresis unit. For germ plasm characterization, allele scoring accuracy and speed were improved by loading standards, consisting of three microsatellite classes in a single lane, several times across the gel. The microsatellite explained 88% of the variation in the apparent amylose content of 198 nonwaxy U.S. cultivars and breeding lines of diverse parentage, grown in four locations. The utility of this method was demonstrated by one technician analyzing a breeding population of 142 progeny in 1.5 days using relatively inexpensive laboratory equipment. C1 USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Bergman, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.257 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 439QK UT WOS:000169128400008 ER PT J AU Donelson, JR Gaines, CS Donelson, TS Finney, PL AF Donelson, JR Gaines, CS Donelson, TS Finney, PL TI Detection of wheat preharvest sprouting using a pregelatinized starch substrate and centrifugation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WAXY; GELATINIZATION AB Wheat sprouting in the field before harvest is a serious negative quality attribute. Even low levels of preharvest sprouting affect the economic value of the grain. Unreleased test lines of wheat should be screened for resistance to preharvest sprouting. However, screening large numbers of rest lines is relatively time-consuming or expensive, depending on the existing method used. A new screening test for preharvest sprouting was developed and compared with the viscograph and cl-amylase activity (AAA) methods. The new method used the activity of sprout-related elevation in alpha -amylase to partially degrade added pregelatinized starch. The hydrolytic products were centrifuged and the weight of the centrifugate was expressed as a percentage of the original weight of the added pregelatinized starch plus the original meal or flour weight. The result reflected the AAA on pregelatinized starch (AAAPGS) as a measure of the degree of preharvest sprouting. The AAAPGS test had less standard error and was more sensitive at low levels of preharvest sprouting than the AAA method. Three grinders to produce wheat meal were compared for their effect on AAAPGS values. Flours produced slightly lower AAAPGS values than meals, but the coefficients of variation of each were comparable and both were less than that of the AAA method. The lowest levels of sensitivity to preharvest sprouting that could be detected by the AAA and AAAPGS methods were identified as areas of uncertainly, below which very low levels of preharvest sprouting could not be differentiated from sound, unsprouted background values. The new AAAPGS method was equally rapid and will be more economical than the AAA method or the viscograph when used for preharvest sprouting susceptibility of large numbers of samples. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.282 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 439QK UT WOS:000169128400013 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Johnson, LA White, PJ Jane, JL Pollak, LM AF Singh, SK Johnson, LA White, PJ Jane, JL Pollak, LM TI Thermal properties and paste and gel behaviors of starches recovered from accessions used in the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize project SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GELATINIZATION AB The objective of this study was to screen starches recovered from the corn accessions used in the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project for unusual thermal properties and paste and gel behaviors, so that they could be exploited in corn breeding programs to enhance traits important to corn utilization. In general, the values for gelatinization temperatures and peak height indices were greater, but heat of gelatinization values were less for the starches recovered from the GEM accessions (particularly BRA 052051 (SE 32)) than for starches from commercial Dent corn hybrids (11.3 vs. 13.6 J/g). Generally, retrogradation properties were similar among the GEM accessions, although there were specific accessions (particularly Lima 13) that possessed modestly lower percentage retrogradation (34 vs. 42%). Generally, peak viscosities, cold paste viscosities, and viscosity breakdowns were greater for the starches of the GEM accessions (particularly ARZM 01150, Antiqua 3, and URZM 01089, respectively) than for the starches of commercial hybrids. Pasting temperatures were about the same for all starches. Both 1-day and 7-day gel strengths were considerably greater for the starches recovered from the GEM accessions (particularly BRA 052051 (SE 32), 21.0 g for i-day and FS8A(T), 66.2 g for 7-day). Although the differences in starch properties were statistically different only the higher gel strengths of the starches recovered from the GEM accessions were of practical significance to the starch industry. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.315 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 439QK UT WOS:000169128400018 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Johnson, LA Pollak, LM Hurburgh, CR AF Singh, SK Johnson, LA Pollak, LM Hurburgh, CR TI Compositional, physical, and wet-milling properties of accessions used in Germplasm Enhancement of Maize project SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Forty-nine accessions used in the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project, two commercial hybrids (Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3394 and 3489), and two Corn Belt inbreds (B73 and Mo17) were evaluated for compositional, physical, and wet-milling properties. GEM accessions had lower starch contents (65.9-69.1% vs. a mean of 72.2% for the commercial hybrids) and greater protein contents (12.0-14.4% vs. a mean of 8.2% for the commercial hybrids) than did the improved Corn Belt material. Absolute densities were consistently higher for the GEM accessions compared with the commercial hybrids (1.320 vs. 1.265 g/cm(3), respectively). The wet-milling characteristics of the GEM accessions were not nearly as good as for the commercial hybrids. Mean starch yields were only 54.3% for the GEM accessions versus 64.8% for the commercial hybrids. Residual protein levels in the starches recovered from the GEM accessions were much greater (0.45-2.03%) than for commercial corn hybrids (<0.3%). C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 330 EP 335 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.330 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 439QK UT WOS:000169128400020 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Johnson, LA Pollak, LM Hurburgh, CR AF Singh, SK Johnson, LA Pollak, LM Hurburgh, CR TI Heterosis in compositional, physical, and wet-milling properties of adapted x exotic corn crosses SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE AB Compositional, physical, and wet-milling properties of 10 corn accessions selected from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project, two Corn Belt Dent inbreds (B73 and Mo17), and their crosses were compared to determine heterosis among these traits and to gain insight about their genetic control. Crossing the GEM accessions with each inbred increased protein and reduced starch contents. Mean absolute densities and test weights of the crosses were greater than for either parent. Little heterosis was observed in 1,000-kernel weight, and the crosses had similar values to the GEM parents (relatively low). Grain protein contents were greater for the crosses than for the GEM accessions; starch and oil contents of the crosses were intermediate to both parents. The wet-milling properties of the crosses were improved over those of the GEM accessions. Crossing the GEM accessions with B73 greatly increased residual protein content in the recovered starch, whereas values far protein in starch for the GEM x Mo17 crosses were greater than for the GEM accessions and not unlike that of Mo17. High-parent heterosis was greater in the GEM x Mo17 crosses for absolute density, test weight, 1,000-kernel weight, and starch content, but lower for protein and fat contents. GEM x Mo17 crosses yielded greater high-parent heterosis for starch yield and starch recovery, and lower high-parent heterosis for gluten and fiber yields. Mo17 expressed poor wet-milling properties as an inbred but produced superior hybrids compared with B73, which had better wet-milling properties as an inbred. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.336 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 439QK UT WOS:000169128400021 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM Budde, AD Henson, CA Jones, BL AF Peterson, DM Budde, AD Henson, CA Jones, BL TI Detecting corn syrup in barley malt extracts SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Methods for detecting corn syrup in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) malt extract were: evaluated. Twelve samples representative of commercially available 2-rowed and 6-rowed malting barleys were malted. Extracts prepared from the finely ground malts were analyzed for C-13/C-12 ratios, expressed as delta C-13, and concentrations of protein and sugars. The C-13/C-12 ratios were sufficiently different to distinguish corn syrup from malt extract. By calculating the mean values for the barleys, it was determined that a delta C-13 > -24.3 parts per thousand indicated that the malt extract had been adulterated with corn syrup (99% confidence). Protein concentrations <4.5% (2-rowed malt) or <5.0% (6-rowed malt) of the extracts also indicated probable adulteration with corn syrup, which is devoid of protein. Because of differences in sugar concentrations between the malt extracts and corn syrup, carbohydrate analysis also indicated probable mixtures. These findings were confirmed by analysis of extracts from composite 2-rowed and 6-rowed barley malts that had been mixed with known quantities of corn syrup. The regressions for delta C-13, protein concentration, and most sugar concentrations against percent dilution with corn syrup in the mixtures were significant. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.349 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 439QK UT WOS:000169128400023 ER PT J AU Champagne, ET Bett-Garber, KL Grimm, CC McClung, AM Moldenhauer, KA Linscombe, S McKenzie, KS Barton, FE AF Champagne, ET Bett-Garber, KL Grimm, CC McClung, AM Moldenhauer, KA Linscombe, S McKenzie, KS Barton, FE TI Near-infrared reflectance analysis for prediction of cooked rice texture SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN MILLED SAMPLES; AMYLOSE; SPECTROSCOPY; QUALITY; STARCH AB The ability of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict sensory texture attributes of diverse rice cultivars was examined. The sensory texture of 87 samples representing 77 different short-, medium-, and long-grain cultivars was evaluated by trained panelists using descriptive analysis. Correlations between sensory texture attributes and NIR reflectance data were examined using the multivariate method of partial least squares (PLS) regression. Texture attributes (hardness, initial starchy coating, cohesiveness of mass, slickness, and stickiness) measured by panelists in the early evaluation phases were successfully predicted (R-calibration(2) 0.71-0.96). Cohesiveness of mass, the maximum degree to which the sample holds together in a mass while chewing, was best modeled with R-calibration(2) = 0.96 and R-validation(2) = 0.90. Key wavelengths contributing to the models describing the texture attributes were wavelengths also contributing to models for amylose, protein, and Lipid contents. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, Germany. Louisiana State Univ, Rice Res Stn, Crowley, LA USA. Calif Cooperat Rice Res Fdn, Biggs, CA USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Champagne, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 358 EP 362 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.358 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 439QK UT WOS:000169128400025 ER PT J AU Manthey, FA Hareland, GA AF Manthey, FA Hareland, GA TI Effects of break-roll differential on semolina and spaghetti quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Break-roll differential provides the shearing action needed to remove bran from the endosperm. The effects of break-roll differential on semolina and spaghetti quality were investigated using a 25-quintal (55-cwt/day) durum pilot-mill system. Differentials of each break-roll pair were adjusted to target differentials of 1.5:1, 2.5:1, and 3.5:1 by changing the velocity of the slow roll. Fast rolls were set at a velocity of 350 rpm. Bran specks, ash, and protein increased and semolina brightness (L value) and starch damage decreased with increased break-roll differential. Semolina yellowness (b value) was greatest with 2.5:1 and least with 1.5:1 differential. Spaghetti brightness (L value) and yellowness (b value) were lower when spaghetti was made from semolina milled at 3.5:1 than from either 2.5:1 or 1.5:1 differential. Strength of dry spaghetti and spaghetti cooking loss and cooked firmness were not affected by break-roll differential. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Wheat Qual Lab, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Manthey, FA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 368 EP 371 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.368 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 439QK UT WOS:000169128400027 ER PT J AU Kasarda, DD AF Kasarda, DD TI Grains in relation to celiac disease SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Albany, CA USA. NR 7 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAY PY 2001 VL 46 IS 5 BP 209 EP 210 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 436MJ UT WOS:000168939400004 ER PT J AU DeVries, JW Keagy, PM Hudson, CA Rader, JI AF DeVries, JW Keagy, PM Hudson, CA Rader, JI TI AACC collaborative study of a method for determining total folate in cereal products - Microbiological assay using trienzyme extraction (AACC method 86-47) SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID TRI-ENZYME EXTRACTION; FOOD FOLATE AB Regulations published in 1996 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration require that folic acid be added to a wide range of enriched cereal-grain products, including breads, rolls and buns, wheat flours, corn meals, rice, noodles, and macaroni. Mandatory folic acid fortification of cereal-grain products has emphasized the need for validated methods for determining total folate content in foods, particularly cereal products. When the fortification regulations were finalized, no official methods for folate analysis in cereal-grain products were in place. A microbiological assay protocol utilizing a trienzyme extraction procedure was revised to have the conjugase (gamma-glutamyl-carboxy-peptidase) treatment follow a protease treatment, to include the use of cryoprotected inoculum, and to include the spectrophotometric standardization of the standard and optional use of microtiter plates. The draft protocol was prepared in the AOAC format. Thirteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study of 10 required and 10 optional samples of cereal-grain products, including flour, bread, cookies, baking mixes, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals, and snack foods. While the majority of the participating laboratories performed the assay using the standard test tube method, some used the microtiter plate option. The relative standard deviation between laboratories (RSDR) ranged from 2 to 22% for 16 fortified samples compared with expected values of 11 to 20%. RSDR values were higher (i.e., 28-53%) for four unfortified cereal-grain samples. The Youden pair technique was used to estimate within-laboratory relative standard deviations (RSDr), which ranged from 2 to 13% for fortified samples and from 14 to 21% for pairs that included at least one unfortified sample. Based on the results of this collaborative study, the microbiological assay with trienzyme extraction is recommended for Official First Action status with AOAC and First Approval status with AACC. C1 Gen Mills, Medall Labs, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Nutr, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA. RP DeVries, JW (reprint author), Gen Mills, Medall Labs, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAY PY 2001 VL 46 IS 5 BP 216 EP 219 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 436MJ UT WOS:000168939400006 ER PT J AU Doner, LW AF Doner, LW TI Determining sugar composition of food gum polysaccharides by HPTLC SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE thin-layer chromatography of sugars; Si 50000 plates; polysaccharides; food gums ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID; CORN FIBER; SEPARATION AB Most commercially important food gyms, including gum arabic, guar gu m, and carrageenan are polysaccharides which consist of multiple sugars, including uronic acids. For the first time, the sugars in these and other gums were determined by comparison of RF values with standards by HPTLC on Si 50000 plates after acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharides. The solvent system consisted of npropanol:water:triethylamine:30% NH3 (80:20:0.2:4). Analysis was rapid, as the separations were accomplished using a single plate development and the sugars were located by simple charring. Sugar separations on Si 50000 with this solvent system are more efficient than others and provide the additional advantage over bonded-phase silicas in that sugars can be detected using aggressive methods. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Doner, LW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 EI 1612-1112 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD MAY PY 2001 VL 53 IS 9-10 BP 579 EP 581 DI 10.1007/BF02491627 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 450HA UT WOS:000169734700022 ER PT J AU Kemper, C Leung, M Stephensen, CB Pinkert, CA Liszewski, MK Cattaneo, R Atkinson, JP AF Kemper, C Leung, M Stephensen, CB Pinkert, CA Liszewski, MK Cattaneo, R Atkinson, JP TI Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) expression in transgenic mice SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complement system; membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46); measles virus receptor; MCP (CD46) transgenic mice ID MEASLES-VIRUS INFECTION; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED MICE; MULTIPLE ISOFORMS; COMPLEMENT-SYSTEM; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; GENE-CLUSTER; MOUSE MODEL; ACTIVATION; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM AB Human membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) is a widely distributed complement regulator. In the mouse, expression of MCP is largely restricted to the testis while a related, widely expressed protein (Crry) appears to perform MCP's (CD46) regulatory activity. We have developed two mouse strains transgenic for human MCP (CD46) utilizing an similar to 400 kb YAC clone carrying the complete gene. A third mouse strain was generated using an overlapping YAC clone isolated from a second library. The expression of human MCP (CD46) in these mouse strains was characterized by immunohistochemistry, FACS, Western blotting and RT-PCR. No differences were detected in the isoform pattern or distribution among the three strains, although the expression level varied according to how many copies of the gene were integrated. The expression profile closely mimicked that observed in humans, including the same pattern of isoform expression as the donor. In addition, tissue-specific isoform expression in the kidney, salivary gland and brain paralleled that observed in man. The transgenic mice expressed low levels of MCP (CD46) on their E, in contrast to humans but in line with most other primates. These mice should be a useful tool to analyse tissue-specific expression, to establish animal models of infections and to characterize the role of MCP (CD46) in reproduction. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Mayo Clin, Mayo Med Sch, Rochester, NY 14267 USA. RP Atkinson, JP (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Campus Box 8045,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RI Kemper, Claudia/A-3673-2008; Kemper, Claudia/B-1502-2015; OI Pinkert, Carl/0000-0001-7460-3881 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA13148, P30 CA013148]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI37618, R01 AI037618] NR 44 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 124 IS 2 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01458.x PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 447MD UT WOS:000169576400003 PM 11422193 ER PT J AU Sudduth, KA Drummond, ST Kitchen, NR AF Sudduth, KA Drummond, ST Kitchen, NR TI Accuracy issues in electromagnetic induction sensing of soil electrical conductivity for precision agriculture SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE precision agriculture; sensors; soil electrical conductivity; electromagnetic induction; topsoil depth; EM38 ID MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; WATER-CONTENT; SPATIAL PREDICTION; SALINITY AB Soil apparent electrical conductivity (EC,) has been used as a surrogate measure for such soil properties as salinity, moisture content, topsoil depth (TD), and clay content. Measurements of ECa can be accomplished with commercially available sensors and can be used to efficiently and inexpensively develop the dense datasets desirable for describing within-field spatial variability in precision agriculture. The objective of this research was to investigate accuracy issues in the collection of soil ECa data. A mobile data acquisition system for ECa was developed using the Geonics EM38 (1) sensor. The sensor was mounted on a wooden cart pulled behind an all-terrain vehicle, which also carried a GPS receiver and data collection computer. Tests showed that drift of the EM38 could be a significant fraction of within-field ECa variation. Use of a calibration transect to document and adjust for this drift was recommended. A procedure was described and tested to evaluate positional offset of the mobile EM38 data. Positional offset was due to both the distance from the sensor to the GPS antenna and the data acquisition system time lags. Sensitivity of ECa to variations in sensor operating speed and height was relatively minor. Procedures were developed to estimate TD on claypan soils from ECa measurements. Linear equations of an inverse or power function transformation of ECa provided the best estimates of TD. Collection of individual calibration datasets within each surveyed field was necessary for best results. Multiple measurements of ECa on a field were similar if they were obtained at the same time of the year. Whole-field maps of ECa-determined TD from multiple surveys were similar but not identical. There was a significant effect of soil moisture and temperature differences across measurement dates. Classification of measurement dates as hot vs. cold and wet vs, dry provided TD estimations nearly as accurate as when individual point soil moisture and temperature data were included in the calibration equation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Blvd, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 34 TC 177 Z9 196 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 SI SI BP 239 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00185-X PG 26 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 421KX UT WOS:000168064500003 ER PT J AU Cooper, BA Raphael, MG Mack, DE AF Cooper, BA Raphael, MG Mack, DE TI Radar-based monitoring of marbled murrelets SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus marmoratus; daily and monthly variation; Marbled Murrelet; monitoring; radar ID COLONY ATTENDANCE; ANCIENT MURRELETS; PATTERNS; AUKLETS; ALASKA; ISLAND; COAST; SEA AB We used radar to measure daily, monthly, and annual patterns of Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) abundance and movements at 12 major river valleys in the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. Landward movements of murrelets peaked from similar to 75 min to similar to 20 min before sunrise, followed by a seaward exodus from similar to 20 min before sunrise to similar to 65 min after sunrise. This general pattern of a landward movement followed by a seaward exodus varied little, but the tinting of the seaward exodus gradually became later from May to July. Within a morning, numbers of landward radar targets averaged twice the numbers of seaward targets, and morning counts were approximately five times evening counts. Species identification error rates were lower for landward radar counts than for seaward counts. Radar counts varied through the season, with numbers increasing from May to July, then dropping in August. Seaward counts were more variable than landward counts. There was wide overlap among months in the amount of daily variation in both landward and seaward counts. Radar appears to be a powerful, cost-effective, and non-intrusive tool that can establish an index of abundance for murrelets at specific inland breeding areas. C1 ABR Inc, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Cooper, BA (reprint author), ABR Inc, POB 249, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2001 VL 103 IS 2 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0219:RBMOMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 430HZ UT WOS:000168569600002 ER PT J AU Lee, BH Choi, WS Lee, SE Park, BS AF Lee, BH Choi, WS Lee, SE Park, BS TI Fumigant toxicity of essential oils and their constituent compounds towards the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Sitophilus oryzae; fumigant toxicity; essential oils; eucalyptus; 1,8-cineole; benzaldehyde ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; L COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; RESISTANCE; PHOSPHINE AB Toxicity of various essential oils and their volatile constituents towards the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was determined. The most potent toxicity was found in essential oil from eucalyptus (LD(50) = 28.9 mul/l air). GC-MS analysis of essential oil from eucalyptus showed it to be rich in 1.8-cineole (81.1%), limonene (7.6%) and alpha -pinene (4.0%). Treatment of S. oryzae with each of these terpenes showed 1,8-cineole to be most active (LD(50)=23.5 mul/l air). In addition to 1,8-cineole, benzaldehyde (LD(50) = 8.65 mul/l air) occurring in peach and almond kernels had a potent fumigant toxicity towards the rice weevils. Therefore, benzaldehyde and other natural volatiles could be a safer fumigant to control stored-grain insect pests than those currently used. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Life Sci, Asan 337745, Chungnam, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Choi, WS (reprint author), Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Life Sci, Asan Si, Asan 337745, Chungnam, South Korea. EM wschoi@asan.sch.ac.kr OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 24 TC 106 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00158-7 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425NZ UT WOS:000168298500006 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS Okubara, PA Blechl, AE AF Dahleen, LS Okubara, PA Blechl, AE TI Transgenic approaches to combat fusarium head blight in wheat and barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; CULTURED IMMATURE EMBRYOS; THAUMATIN-LIKE PROTEINS; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) and contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by the primary pathogen Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.)] have caused devastating losses to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf.Husr.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growers across the USA since the early 1990s. Evaluation of barley, wheat, and related germplasm yielded only a few accessions with partial resistance. This resistance appears, in most cases, to be under polygenic control, making the development of resistant cultivars with suitable agronomic and quality traits a challenge. The insertion of individual antifungal and antitoxin genes via genetic transformation has the potential to aid in development of resistant wheat and barley cultivars. Although wheat and barley transformation has been achieved in several laboratories, the development of a high throughput wheat and barley transformation systems has been slowed by genotype effects on plant regeneration, low transformation efficiencies, somaclonal variation, and problems with transgene inheritance and stability of expression. Among the antifungal genes targeted to combat FHB are coding sequences for proteins that degrade fungal cell walls, disorganize fungal membranes, bolster the host defense response systems, and interfere with fungal protein synthesis, pathogenesis, and/or accumulation of DON. Promoter sequences have been selected that confer high levels of expression to the antifungal constructs, particularly in the spike tissues which are susceptible to FHB. As more antifungal genes are inserted into wheat and barley, field and greenhouse evaluation will show whether transgenes achieve their potential in the fight against FHB. C1 USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 129 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 628 EP 637 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200003 ER PT J AU Van Sanford, D Anderson, J Campbell, K Costa, J Cregan, P Griffey, C Hayes, P Ward, R AF Van Sanford, D Anderson, J Campbell, K Costa, J Cregan, P Griffey, C Hayes, P Ward, R TI Discovery and deployment of molecular markers linked to fusarium head blight resistance: An integrated system for wheat and barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCAB AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.)], is a devastating disease that reduces yield, quality and economic value of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The quantitative nature of resistance and tremendous expense of phenotypic screening indicate that the identification of resistant genotypes in breeding populations might be expedited by molecular markers. The markers must be polymorphic and informative across populations for them to be used by breeders. Worldwide, several groups are mapping genes for FHB resistance in wheat and barley and marker discovery is underway. Although these markers may be validated and made breeder-friendly by the laboratories that developed them, the urgency of the FHB situation in North America and worldwide requires efforts to accelerate this process. To take advantage of economies of scale and accelerate information sharing, we propose the establishment of a National Genotyping Center (NGC) for barley and wheat. The immediate objective of the NGC would be to identify and deploy breeder-friendly markers linked to FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL). Over time, we propose that several regional genotyping centers will he established to correspond to regional and market class needs. The NGC would provide the regional centers with high throughput marker systems that would be used to genotype plants in breeding populations submitted by plant breeders. For the long term, we expect that the focus of the NGC will extend beyond FHB resistance, and that a key objective will be the development of new technologies to enhance plant breeding efforts. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Maryland, NRSL Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Van Sanford, D (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RI ward, Rick/F-8954-2013 OI ward, Rick/0000-0003-4436-0019 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 638 EP 644 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200004 ER PT J AU Smith, MB Horner, HT Palmer, RG AF Smith, MB Horner, HT Palmer, RG TI Temperature and photoperiod effects on sterility in a cytoplasmic male-sterile soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLLINATION AB Manual cross-pollination to produce large quantities of hybrid soybean seed is difficult and time consuming. An environmentally stable sterility system is one of the necessary components to produce large quantities of hybrid seed. The objective of this study was to subject cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) BC5F1 plants, from a cross of a Chinese Glycine mar wild-type soybean with a Chinese wild annual soybean G. soja (male parent) and controls, to a variety of different temperature and photoperiod treatments to test whether CMS is stable under various environmental conditions. Plants were grown in growth chambers under controlled temperature, photoperiod, and irradiance regimes until pod set, and then they were transferred to a glasshouse until they matured. Plants were evaluated for time of anthesis after photoperiod induction (13 h light/11 h dark) and fertility or sterility. Anther squash and pod set data showed that sterility of the CMS line was stable under all environmental conditions tested, whereas fertility-restored control plants remained fertile. Extreme environmental conditions led to delayed floral induction and/or stunted growth. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Bessey Microscopy Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICG Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron & Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horner, HT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 702 EP 704 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200013 ER PT J AU McKendry, AL Tague, DN Ross, K AF McKendry, AL Tague, DN Ross, K TI Comparative effects of 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS on soft red winter wheat milling and baking quality SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 1BL/1RS TRANSLOCATION LINES; RYE TRANSLOCATION; PROTEIN; CULTIVARS AB The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomal translocations 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS are widely reported to have detrimental effects on hard wheat quality. This study was designed to investigate the impact of these translocations on soft wheat milling and baking quality where information on their effects is limited. A set of backcross-six F-2-derived F-6 near-isolines containing either the 'Kavkaz'-derived 1BL.1RS or 'Amigo'-derived 1AL.1RS translocation were developed in five soft red winter wheat backgrounds at Columbia, MO. A randomized complete block design, replicated four times, was grown in each of three Missouri environments. Treatments were arranged as a split-plot with genetic background as the main-plot factor and isolines as the subplots. Both the presence of rye and the source of the translocation (1BL.1RS vs. 1AL.1RS) were significant for all traits measured. 1BL.1RS was associated with a significant reduction in softness equivalent but had no overall effect, across backgrounds, on adjusted flour yield or milling quality, while 1AL.1RS was associated with significant reductions in all three traits. Both translocations were associated with reduced baking quality due to their association with increased alkaline water-retention capacity and reduced kernel softness. For all traits the negative effect of 1AL.1RS was more pronounced than that of 1BL.1RS. Background interaction effects were significant for both milling-quality and baking-quality traits, and often were large enough to offset the negative effects associated with the translocation. This suggested that breeders could develop soft red winter wheat cultivars carrying either translocation that had acceptable end-use quality. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP McKendry, AL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, 106 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 712 EP 720 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200015 ER PT J AU Adam, NR Wall, GW AF Adam, NR Wall, GW TI Multipurpose cryogenic surface apparatus: A liquid nitrogen-chilled sample tray SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; LIGHT AB The use of cryogenic techniques allows collection and storage of large numbers of samples for later processing for biochemical assays. In large field studies it is very difficult to obtain an accurate measure of leaf area as the samples are collected while preserving biological activity. Measurement of leaf area at the time of processing is also difficult because thawing of leaf tissue can cause degradation of leaf biochemical components and processes. The objective of this study was to design a liquid N-2-chilled tray that allows cryogenically preserved samples to be sorted and measured without the risk of sample thawing. A stainless steel lid (working surface) was brazed to a stainless steel pan, creating a reservoir that could be filled with liquid N-2. The working surface could then be maintained at approximately the temperature of liquid N2. Enzyme activities and polyacrylamide gel separations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylas (PEPCase) of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were used to assess the performance of the tray. Enzyme activity assays and gel separations of Rubisco and PEPCase confirm that biological activity is maintained through use of the multipurpose cryogenic surface (MCS) tray. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Adam, NR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 755 EP 758 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200020 ER PT J AU Frederick, JR Camp, CR Bauer, PJ AF Frederick, JR Camp, CR Bauer, PJ TI Drought-stress effects on branch and mainstem seed yield and yield components of determinate soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE; IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; NARROW; GROWTH AB A better understanding of how drought stress affects soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] seed-yield determination would aid in the development of improved cultivars for the southeastern Coastal Plain and better production systems aimed at ameliorating the effects of drought stress. The objective of this field study was to examine the effects of drought stress on both soybean branch vegetative growth and the distribution of seed yield and yield components between the main stem and branches. Soybean was grown on an Eunola loamy sand in 1998 and 1999 with three levels of drought-stress treatment: (i) irrigation and no deep tillage, (ii) deep tillage but no irrigation, and (iii) no deep tillage or irrigation. Total seed yield, branch seed yield, and the percentage of total seed yield on the branches were highest with irrigation, followed by the in-row subsoiled/no deep tillage treatment and the no irrigation/no deep tillage treatment. Drought-stress treatment had no effect on mainstem seed yield. Branch seed number per square meter was highly correlated with branch seed yield (r = 0.994; P < 0.0001) and total seed yield (r = 0.989; P < 0.01) over both years and all levels of drought-stress treatment. A close relationship was found between branch seed number per square meter and branch dry weight at harvest maturity (r = 0.963; P < 0.05), final branch length per square meter (r = 0.994; P < 0.05), and final branch number per square meter (r = 0.995; P < 0.05). Most branch growth occurred between initial flowering and the beginning of seed fill. Less association was found between individual seed weight and seed yield from the mainstem or branch fractions. These data indicate that drought stress occurring between initial flowering and seed fill decreases total seed yield primarily by reducing branch vegetative growth, which reduces branch seed number and branch seed yield. C1 Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, S Carolina Agr Exp Stn, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Frederick, JR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 759 EP 763 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200021 ER PT J AU Frederick, JR Bauer, PJ Busscher, WJ AF Frederick, JR Bauer, PJ Busscher, WJ TI Grain yield and yield components of doublecropped winter wheat as affected by wheat and previous soybean production practices SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; TRAITS; WATER AB Development and grain yield of doublecropped winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are influenced by the production practices used to produce the wheat crop and potentially by those used to produce the previous crop. This 2-yr field study was conducted on a Goldsboro loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Kandiudult) to determine whether production practices used in the spring to produce the previous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop affect wheat grain yield and yield component responses to fall production practices. Treatments were deep tillage the previous spring prior to planting soybean using row widths of 19 or 76 cm, deep tillage in the fall prior to wheat planting, deep tillage in both the spring and fall, and no deep tillage for wheat planted with and without surface tillage. Fall deep tillage was the only treatment that consistently increased grain yield and all of the yield components; increasing grain yield, fertile head number per square meter, kernel number per head, and individual kernel weight by an average of 27, 11, 10, and 3%, respectively, over all other treatments. Grain yield and kernel number per square meter responses to fall deep tillage were greatest with no spring deep tillage, with no surface tillage, or when the previous soybean was grown using 76-cm-row widths. Grain yield, fertile head number per square meter, and kernel weight were all higher without surface tillage than with surface tillage. Results from this study show that production practices used to produce the previous soybean crop, such as row width and spring deep tillage, can have a significant effect on the grain yield and yield component responses of wheat to fall production practices. C1 Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. S Carolina Agr Exp Stn, USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Frederick, JR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 778 EP 784 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200024 ER PT J AU Heatherly, LG Elmore, CD Wesley, RA Spurlock, SR AF Heatherly, LG Elmore, CD Wesley, RA Spurlock, SR TI Row spacing and weed management systems for nonirrigated early soybean production system plantings in the midsouthern USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES; REDUCED RATES; NARROW; YIELD; CULTIVATION; SPRAYER; RETURNS; SOIL AB The new paradigm for soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] production in the midsouthern USA is the Early Soybean Production System (ESPS), which involves planting early-maturing cultivars in April. Field studies were conducted for 3 yr at Stoneville, MS, on Sharkey clay (very-fine, smectitic, thermic chromic Epiaquert) with a MG IV soybean cultivar grown in 0.5-m-wide rows (NR) and a MG V cultivar grown in 1-m-wide rows (WR), both with varying weed management inputs, to determine the most profitable system for nonirrigated ESPS plantings. Weed management in NR consisted of broadcast application of herbicides. Weed management in WR included band (0.5-m-wide) application of herbicides plus two to three between-row cultivations. Total weed cover at harvest in all treatments was below 10% in the first 2 yr. In the third year, browntop millet [Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf.] plus pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) percentages exceeded 10% in 3 of 10 treatments in NR and in I of 10 treatments in WR, but these treatments were among those producing the highest yield and net return. Soybean treated for preemergence (PRE) broadleaf management, PRE broadleaf plus PRE grass management, PRE broadleaf plus postemergence (POST) grass management, and PRE and POST broadleaf plus PRE and POST grass management were among the highest yielding treatments, but only the treatment of PRE broadleaf management provided the highest net return across both NR and WR. Soybean with PRE and POST broadleaf plus PRE grass management provided the lowest net returns across both NR and WR. These results indicate that only a broadcast PRE broadleaf herbicide in NR and a PRE banded broadleaf herbicide plus POST cultivation in WR in an ESPS planting that is not irrigated will produce yield and net return that are among the highest, and weed management cost that is among the lowest of less than or equal to $62 ha(-1). C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Heatherly, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 343, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 784 EP 791 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200025 ER PT J AU Springer, TL Aiken, GE McNew, RW AF Springer, TL Aiken, GE McNew, RW TI Combining ability of binary mixtures of native, warm-season grasses and legumes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; CLOVER; COMPATIBILITY; QUALITY; GROWTH AB Growing complementary plant species is an alternative approach to enhancing pasture production. Our objective was to estimate combining ability for native, warm-season grasses and legumes grown in binary mixtures in the field using a combining ability analysis of variance. Six monocultures and 15 binary mixtures of the following species were studied: big bluestem, Andropogon gerardii Vit.; Illinois bundleflower, Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM.; roundhead lespedeza, Lespedeza capitata Michx.; slender lespedeza, L. virginica (L.) Britt.; switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L.; and indiangrass, Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash. General combining ability (GCA) effects were found for forage dry matter yields (DMY, P less than or equal to 0.05) of Illinois bundleflower (-1240 kg ha(-1)), roundhead lespedeza (-3460 kg ha(-1)) slender lespedeza (-3300 kg ha(-1)), and switchgrass (8370 kg ha(1)), Specific combining ability (SCA) effects were found for DMY (P less than or equal to 0.1) of switchgrass-legume mixtures (1360 kg ha(-1)) and indiangrass-Illinois bundleflower mixtures (1230 kg ha(-1)). General combining ability and SCA effects were found for crude protein concentration (CPC) of all species and mixtures (P less than or equal to 0.1). respectively. General combining ability effects were found for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) for switchgrass and the three legume species (P less than or equal to 0.05). The compatibility of these species could not be predicted solely by DMYs. Compatible mixtures, however, were identified with greater confidence when other variables, such as CPC, IVDMD, and visual observations, were taken into account. On the basis of total forage protein (DMY times CPC), the only compatible grass-legume mixture was indiangrass-Illinois bundleflower (SCA effect = 100 kg ha(1), P less than or equal to 0.05). C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Stat, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 818 EP 823 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200030 ER PT J AU Tuna, M Gill, KS Vogel, KP AF Tuna, M Gill, KS Vogel, KP TI Karyotype and C-banding patterns of mitotic chromosomes in diploid bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BANDED KARYOTYPES; ALFALFA AB Previous cytogenetic studies of the genus Bromus L. were limited to chromosome counts and construction of karyotypes on the basis of Feulgen staining. Since the chromosomes of Bromus are similar in morphology, these karyotypes are of limited use for chromosome identification and genome analysis. The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a Giemsa C-banding procedure to use in identification of individual bromegrass chromosomes and to develop a karyotype for diploid Bromus riparius Rehm. (2n = 14; PI 440215). All chromosomes had one or more C-bands which were located mainly at telomeric regions. A group (I) of four pairs of chromosomes had telomeric bands on only one arm and could be differentiated. In this group, one pair had an interstitial C-band along with a telomeric band, one pair had a nucleolus organizer region (NOR) at a subtelomeric location on the short arm, and the other two pair could be distinguished by centromere location. The other group (II) of three pairs or chromosomes had telomeric bands on both arms. The unequivocal identification of specific chromosomes of Group II was not possible in all cells because of their similarity and differential condensation of chromosomes. Chromosomes of both groups were either metacentric or submetacentric. The total length of individual chromosomes ranged from 5.58 to 6.87 mum and the arm ratios ranged from 1.02 to 1.5. The homologous chromosomes were paired and assigned numbers I to VII in decreasing length. A karyotype was constructed by means of the C-bands, mean chromosome lengths, and arm ratios. The C-banding procedure used in this study could be used to developed karyotypes for the other species of the genus Bromus and these C-banded karyotypes could be used to compare genomes within the genus. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68507 USA. Univ Trakya, Dept Agron, Takirdag Agr Fac, Tekirdag, Turkey. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68507 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 831 EP 834 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200032 ER PT J AU Bowman, JGP Blake, TK Surber, LMM Habernicht, DK Bockelman, H AF Bowman, JGP Blake, TK Surber, LMM Habernicht, DK Bockelman, H TI Feed-quality variation in the barley core collection of the USDA National Small Grains Collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; FINISHING STEERS; HULLESS BARLEY; CULTIVARS; DIGESTION; PIGS; POLYSACCHARIDES; PERFORMANCE; VARIETIES; RUMINANTS AB Feed is an important end use of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Recent research has identified high starch content, low acid-detergent fiber (ADF), low ruminal dry-matter digestibility (DMD), and large particle size after dry rolling as desirable barley feed-quality characteristics for beef cattle. Knowledge about the variation available may help barley breeders develop strategies for feed-quality improvement. Our objective was to estimate the variation in feed-quality characteristics in barley around the world. The spring barley core subcollection from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection was planted in 1995. Ruminal DMD of 1480 accessions was evaluated. Seventy-three accessions, selected on variation in DMD, were planted in two field replications in 1996 and 1997. These 73 accessions were evaluated for starch, DMD, ADF, and particle size after dry rolling. The range in DMD was 82 to 621 g kg(-1), with a mean of 398 g kg(1) (SD = 75 g kg(-1)). The ranges for other traits of the 73 selected accessions were 387 to 593 g kg(-1) (starch); 15 to 96 g kg(-1) (ADF); 187 to 510 g kg(-1) (DMD); and 1118 to 1572 mum (particle size). Six-row types had greater ADF and particle size (P < 0.001), lower starch, and DMD (P < 0.001), compared with 2-row types. Starch was higher (P < 0.01), and ADF and DMD were lower (P < 0.01), for hulless than for hulled accessions. Substantial variation in the spring barley core collection for feed quality-related characters could be exploited to develop barley cultivars for feed quality. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Bowman, JGP (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 27 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 863 EP 870 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200036 ER PT J AU del Rio, AH Bamberg, JB Huaman, Z Salas, A Vega, SE AF del Rio, AH Bamberg, JB Huaman, Z Salas, A Vega, SE TI Association of ecogeographical variables and RAPD marker variation in wild potato populations of the USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; PLANT-POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION; RESOURCES; GERMPLASM; COLLECTIONS; BANKS; SIZE AB The goal of germplasm conservation in genebanks is to maximize genetic variation. Collecting explorations would be more efficient if factors that predict areas and habitats associated with greater genetic differences and diversity could be identified. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate whether ecogeographical variables have significant associations with patterns of genetic variation in wild potato populations. This study examined 96 wild potato populations collected from the southwestern USA. These were 43 populations of Solanum fendleri (2n = 4x = 48) and 53 populations of S. jamesii (2n = 2x = 24). These species represent two of the most predominant breeding systems found among Solanum species: tetraploid inbreeders; and diploid outcrossers, respectively. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess populations in two ways: determination of simple genetic difference between pairs of populations, and genetic diversity of a population based on the frequency of that population's RAPD markers in the whole set. Results from 2282 comparisons indicated that patterns of genetic differences were not associated with any differences in ecogeographical structure assessed. Remarkably, even geographical separation of populations, a parameter usually considered important when collecting germplasm, did not predict genetic differences very well. Latitude, longitude, and heat-related factors significantly predicted genetic diversity in S. fendleri but not in S. jamesii. This experiment revealed few associations between ecogeographic parameters and genetic variation in the wild. It follows, therefore, that one should collect many populations and incorporate a manageable subset into the genebank on the basis of empirical measurements of genetic diversity. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Inter Reg Potato Introduct Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Lima 100, Peru. RP Bamberg, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Inter Reg Potato Introduct Stn, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 41 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 870 EP 878 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200037 ER PT J AU Tai, PYP Miller, JD AF Tai, PYP Miller, JD TI A core collection for Saccharum spontaneum L. from the world collection of sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Vegetative maintenance of the large number of Saccharum spontaneum clones in the World Collection is extremely laborious and expensive. A core subset, chosen to represent the range of diversity of the World Collection, can enhance preservation research and exploit the potential value for breeding. A total of 342 accessions of S. spontaneum from the World Collection at the USDA-ARS National Germplasm Repository in Miami, FL, were used to evaluate various sampling strategies for choosing a core collection of this species and to designate a core collection of 75 clones using geographic origin and characterization data. Eleven sampling methods with 11 quantitative traits were used to designate the 75 clones in the core collection. The efficiency of sampling was increased by stratification by geographical grouping of accessions before a stratified random sampling procedure was carried out. Cluster analysis was used within each geographic region based on retained principal components with morphological variables, followed by random selection of entries within each cluster for designating the core collection. In addition to the efficient use of S. spontaneum, this core collection should prevent the loss of significant components of the World Collection, ensure better use of limited resources, and enhance conservation research. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Tai, PYP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 879 EP 885 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200038 ER PT J AU Greene, SL Morris, JB AF Greene, SL Morris, JB TI The case for multiple-use plant germplasm collections and a strategy for implementation SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-RESOURCES; CONSERVATION AB Germplasm collections are viewed as a source of genetic diversity to support crop improvement and botanical research, as well as support conservation efforts. The United States Department of Agriculture's National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) is responsible for managing plant genetic resources in the USA. Despite patterns of use that indicate that gene source and wild species are requested as frequently as cultivated species in NPGS collections that are taxonomically diverse, the contents of most NPGS collections continue to reflect the historic objectives of plant introduction. Narrow germplasm collections are restricted in their ability to meet the needs of diverse users and have limited function conserving plant biodiversity. This article outlines a model that can be used to diversify germplasm collections so they effectively serve users and contribute to conservation, yet remain a size that ensures effective maintenance of accessions. The model is developed by first carefully defining the overall scope of the collection. A taxonomically broad collection that falls within the scope is then defined with relatively few accessions. However, accession representation is increased for characters or species that are of specific interest to users, or that require protection. Accession representation in areas of interest would be dynamic, reflecting the changing needs of users and conservation. A diverse group of stakeholders is charged with the task of working together to establish priorities that can be used to guide the development of a multiple-use collection that contains a manageable number of accessions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Greene, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 886 EP 892 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200039 ER PT J AU Morris, JB Greene, SL AF Morris, JB Greene, SL TI Defining a multiple-use germplasm collection for the genus Trifolium SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; LIVING MULCHES; WHITE CLOVER; NO-TILLAGE; CONSERVATION; CULTIVARS; ROTATIONS; NITROGEN; GROWTH; CROPS AB An effective germplasm collection provides genetic variation useful to crop improvement, botanical research, and conservation of plant biodiversity. The USDA National Trifolium germplasm collection currently limits the collection's effectiveness in serving multiple uses. Reflecting the historic mandate of plant introduction, the collection is strongly biased toward the two major cultivated red and white clover species, which make up 56% of the collection. Although many wild species are present in the collection, representation is poor for species that are considered gene sources for the cultivated species and for species that have minor use. The objectives of this article are to demonstrate how the collection can be diversified to better serve users and contribute to the conservation of the genus. Reflecting priorities proposed in the 1970s, the scope was defined as containing all species within the genus Trifolium. Next, a broad gene-pool model was defined on the basis of ease for interspecific hybridization and the history of crop use. Areas in the model were then identified that required more accessions to represent diversity of specific interest to users or that were vulnerable to erosion or extinction. An essential step before making any changes to the collection is to establish priorities by the crop curators and members of the Crop Germplasm Committee (CGC). If a diverse set of collection stakeholders can be included in the process, changes are more likely to result in a germplasm collection that serves diverse users and makes a significant contribution to conserving plant biodiversity. C1 Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Washington State Univ, Natl Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 893 EP 901 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200040 ER PT J AU Samonte, SOP Wilson, LT McClung, AM Tarpley, L AF Samonte, SOP Wilson, LT McClung, AM Tarpley, L TI Seasonal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrate partitioning in 15 diverse rice genotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION; YIELD AB The presence of significant variation among rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) that is related to grain yield should be of interest to rice breeders. The effects of four important yield-determining traits (maximum number of tillers, grain weight, particle node number, and panicle size) on the TNC concentrations of plant structures at heading and harvest were determined. Path analysis was used to determine the path coefficients of the effect of changes in TNC content (Delta TNC) in leaves or stems on Delta panicle TNC at various stages of crop maturation. Fifteen rice genotypes were used in this study ('Lemont', 'Teqing', and 13 inbred lines obtained from a Lemont X Teqing cross) to represent the combinations of low and high levels of the four important yield determinants. Field experiments were conducted during the 1994 and 1995 cropping seasons at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont, TX. Path coefficients for the significant direct effects of Delta stem TNC on Delta panicle TNC were -0.46 for the early- to late-heading period and -0.59 for the late-heading to grain hardening period. Significant genotype X developmental stage X plant structure interaction suggested the potential for selection of rice lines with high TNC concentration in stems at heading. Linear contrasts indicated that low-grain weight genotypes had higher stem TNC concentration at harvest, which in turn suggested for the selection of high-grain weight genotypes. C1 Univ Philippines, Los Banos Coll, Dept Agron, Laguna 4031, Philippines. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Samonte, SOP (reprint author), Univ Philippines, Los Banos Coll, Dept Agron, Laguna 4031, Philippines. EM s_samonte@lycos.com RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 902 EP 909 DI 10.2135/cropsci2001.413902x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200041 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Mendiola, T St Martin, SK Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Dorrance, AE AF Cooper, RL Mendiola, T St Martin, SK Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Dorrance, AE TI Registration of 'Strong' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 921 EP 922 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200048 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Mendiola, T St Martin, SK Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Dorrance, AE AF Cooper, RL Mendiola, T St Martin, SK Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Dorrance, AE TI Registration of 'Stout' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 922 EP 922 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200049 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Mendiola, T St Martin, SK Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Dorrance, AE AF Cooper, RL Mendiola, T St Martin, SK Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Dorrance, AE TI Registration of 'Troll' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 922 EP 923 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200050 ER PT J AU Busch, RH McVey, DV Linkert, GL Anderson, JA Wiersma, JV Dill-Macky, R Hareland, GA AF Busch, RH McVey, DV Linkert, GL Anderson, JA Wiersma, JV Dill-Macky, R Hareland, GA TI Registration of 'McVey' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Crookston, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Busch, RH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 926 EP 927 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200055 ER PT J AU Martin, TJ Sears, RG Seifers, DL Harvey, TL Witt, MD Schlegel, AJ McCluskey, PJ Hatchett, JH AF Martin, TJ Sears, RG Seifers, DL Harvey, TL Witt, MD Schlegel, AJ McCluskey, PJ Hatchett, JH TI Registration of 'Trego' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Sw Res Ext Ctr, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. Kansas State Univ, SW Res Ext Ctr, Tribune, KS 67879 USA. RP Martin, TJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 929 EP 930 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200059 ER PT J AU Cunfer, BM Johnson, JW Buntin, GD Barnett, RD Roberts, JJ AF Cunfer, BM Johnson, JW Buntin, GD Barnett, RD Roberts, JJ TI Registration of four soft red winter wheat germplasms resistant to Stagonospora nodorum and other foliar pathogens SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crops & Soils, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. USDA ARS, Griffin, GA USA. RP Cunfer, BM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 933 EP 934 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200064 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Konzak, CF AF Morris, CF Konzak, CF TI Registration of hard and soft homozygous waxy wheat germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN HARDNESS; PUROINDOLINE-B; FRIABILIN C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NW Plant Breeding Co, Pullman, WA USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E,POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 4 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 934 EP 935 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200065 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Allan, RE AF Morris, CF Allan, RE TI Registration of hard and soft near-isogenic lines of hexaploid wheat genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN HARDNESS; PUROINDOLINE-B; FRIABILIN C1 USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E,POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 935 EP 936 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 467HK UT WOS:000170696200066 ER PT J AU Wesley-Smith, J Walters, C Pammenter, NW Berjak, P AF Wesley-Smith, J Walters, C Pammenter, NW Berjak, P TI Interactions among water content, rapid (nonequilibrium) cooling to-196 degrees C, and survival of embryonic axes of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aesculus hippocastanum L.; cryopreservation; embryos; isopentane; liquid nitrogen; nonequilibrium cooling; recalcitrant seeds; subcooled nitrogen; viscosity; vitrification; water content ID RECALCITRANT SEEDS; DESICCATION SENSITIVITY; LANDOLPHIA-KIRKII; LIQUID-NITROGEN; MOUSE EMBRYOS; TISSUE WATER; CRYOPRESERVATION; STATE; VITRIFICATION; TEMPERATURE AB This study investigated the interactions among water content, rapid (nonequilibrium) cooling to -196 degreesC using isopentane or subcooled nitrogen, and survival of embryonic axes of Aesculus hippocustanum. Average cooling rates in either cryogen did not exceed 60 degreesC s(-1) for axes containing more than 1.0 g H2O g(-1) dw (g g(-1)). Partial dehydration below 0.5 g g(-1) facilitated faster cooling. averaging about 200 and 580 degreesC s(-1) in subcooled nitrogen and isopentane, respectively. The combination of partial drying and rapid cooling led to increased survival and reduced cellular damage in axes. Electrolyte leakage was 10-fold higher from fully hydrated axes cooled in either cryogen than from control axes that were not cooled. Drying of axes to 0.5 g g(-1), reduced electrolyte leakage of cryopreserved axes to levels similar to those of control material. Axis survival was assayed by germination in vitro. Axes with water contents greater than 1.0 g g(-1). did not survive cryogenic cooling. Between 1.0 and 0.75 g g(-1) axes survived cryogenic exposure but developed abnormally. The proportion of axes developing normally after being cooled in isopentane increased with increasing dehydration below 0.75 g g(-1), reaching a maximum between 0.5 and 0.25 g g(-1) after being cooled at greater than or equal to 300 degreesC s(-1). Cooling rates attained in subcooled nitrogen did not exceed 250 degreesC s(-1). and normal development of axes was observed only at less than or equal to0.4 g g(-1). These results support the hypothesis that rapid cooling enhances the feasibility of cryopreservation of desiccation-sensitive embryonic axes by increasing the upper limit of allowable water contents and overall survival. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Natal, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Electron Microscope Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. Univ Natal, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Plant Cell Biol Res Grp, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Wesley-Smith, J (reprint author), Univ Natal, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Electron Microscope Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. RI Pammenter, Norman/E-9357-2010; Berjak, Patricia/E-9362-2010 NR 46 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD MAY PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1006/cryo.2001.2323 PG 11 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 482WX UT WOS:000171601200006 PM 11578119 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Characterization of uterine epidermal growth factor during early pregnancy in pigs SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-LIKE DOMAIN; FACTOR PRECURSOR; MESSENGER-RNA; LDL RECEPTOR; ENDOMETRIUM; PROTEINS; MOUSE; GENE; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB Genomic research has identified a quantitative trait locus for uterine capacity, a component trait contributing to litter size, on porcine chromosome 8. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene, on porcine chromosome 8, may influence uterine capacity because of its growth-promoting activities. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and iterative screening of a porcine reproductive tissue cDNA library, 4932 by cDNA sequence coding for porcine EGF precursor was obtained. The predicted protein sequence of the EGF precursor contained 1214 amino acids, similar to human EGF precursor (1207 amino acids, 81% identity). Curiously, the sequence of the mature peptide was less homologous between species than other regions of EGF precursor. The presence of conserved regions outside the mature peptide may suggest that these regions are functionally important. Expression of EGF mRNA in the endometrium of White crossbred gilts (n = 3 to 5 each) was determined by Northern blotting using 20 mug of total RNA from endometrium of D 10, 13, and 15 cyclic, and D 10, 13, 15, 20, 30, and 40 of pregnant gilts. A 3342 by probe from EGF precursor was used. The bands corresponding to EGF mRNA were quantified by densitometry and results were analyzed by ANOVA. EGF mRNA expression decreased significantly from D 13 to 15 of the cycle and pregnancy (P = 0.04), and from D 30 to 40 of pregnancy (P = 0.01). These findings show that EGF mRNA expression is temporally regulated during the cycle and early pregnancy, and this pattern of gene expression may be important during early conceptus development. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(01)00097-2 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 467EN UT WOS:000170689600002 PM 11518619 ER PT J AU Wimberly, MC Spies, TA AF Wimberly, MC Spies, TA TI Influences of environment and disturbance on forest patterns in coastal Oregon watersheds SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community composition; Cummins Creek Wilderness; Oregon; environmental gradients; disturbance patterns; forest composition; forest structure; Oregon Coast Range; riparian forests; seed sources; succession ID OLD-GROWTH; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; SPATIAL PATTERN; SUCCESSION; RANGE; MOUNTAINS; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY AB Modern ecology often emphasizes the distinction between traditional theories of stable, environmentally structured communities and a new paradigm of disturbance-driven, nonequilibrium dynamics. However, multiple hypotheses for observed vegetation patterns have seldom been explicitly tested. We used multivariate statistics and variation partitioning methods to assess the relative influences of environmental factors and disturbance history on riparian and hillslope Forests. Our study area was the Cummins Creek Wilderness, located in the Oregon Coast Range. Most of the wilderness burned at least once between the mid-19th and early 20th centuries, creating a mosaic of younger forests with a few old-growth parches. Species composition on hillslopes varied primarily along a climatic gradient from moist maritime environments to drier inland climates but was relatively insensitive to forest age structure. The abundance of Tsuga heterophylla. a fire-sensitive, late-successional tree species, decreased with distance from old-growth patches, suggesting possible seed-source limitations following the historical fires. In contrast to species composition, hillslope forest structure was primarily related to fire history but was largely independent of environmental gradients. Old-growth structure characteristics such as large dominant trees, large snags, high down-wood volumes. and high tree size diversity increased with stand age and with the presence of remnant trees that survived the fires. Riparian forests had high shrub cover, abundant hardwoods, and high down-wood volumes, while the conifer-dominated hillslopes had high overstory density and basal area. Maritime climates and their associated plant species extended further inland in riparian areas than on hillslopes. Advance regeneration densities were higher in riparian forests within 5 km of the coast than in any other portion of the study area. Riparian forest structure and composition were related to both environmental and disturbance variables, with stream gradient and size integrating much of the fine-scale variability in disturbance regimes. No single theoretical framework was sufficient to explain the vegetation patterns observed in these forested watersheds. Our findings suggest a conceptual model of forest landscapes in which the relative influences of environment and disturbance on vegetation patterns are contingent on the facet of vegetation considered (composition vs, structure) and the portion of the landscape examined (hillslope vs. riparian). C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mwimberly@fs.fed.us OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 NR 78 TC 53 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2001 VL 82 IS 5 BP 1443 EP 1459 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1443:IOEADO]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434YV UT WOS:000168844200019 ER PT J AU Bean, SR Lookhart, GL AF Bean, SR Lookhart, GL TI Recent developments in high-performance capillary electrophoresis of cereal proteins SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Review DE high-performance capillary electrophoresis; cereal proteins; review ID WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION; STORAGE PROTEINS; ACIDIC BUFFERS; MAIZE LINES; GLIADINS; PH; DISCRIMINATION; SEPARATION AB Cereal proteins play important nutritional and functional roles in human foods and are also important components of animal feeds. As such, cereals are a major economic factor around the world. Because of their importance, cereal proteins have been widely studied. A new emerging technique for studying cereal proteins is high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). This review focuses mainly on new methods and applications of HPCE to cereal proteins that have been reported in the last three years. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Lookhart, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD MAY PY 2001 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:8<1503::AID-ELPS1503>3.0.CO;2-P PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 434KA UT WOS:000168812600008 PM 11386662 ER PT J AU Nickle, DA AF Nickle, DA TI Descriptions of the male of Montezumina inca (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae) and another new species from Central America SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB The male of Montezumina inca is described for the first time, substantiating the hypothesis that this northern South American species in a predominantly Central American genus is related to members of the bradleyi group, based on color patterns of the forefemora and morphological similarities of the male tenth tergum and cercus to members of that group. A newly discovered Central American species-Montezumina maya, new species-is also described herein. Based on the presence of styles on the male subgenital plate, it is a cryptic species closely related to M. longistyle. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nickle, DA (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Bldg 005,Rm 137,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 112 IS 3 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 462GH UT WOS:000170412000002 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Riley, RT Norred, WP Bacon, CW Meredith, FI Howard, PC Plattner, RD Collins, TFX Hansen, DK Porter, JK AF Voss, KA Riley, RT Norred, WP Bacon, CW Meredith, FI Howard, PC Plattner, RD Collins, TFX Hansen, DK Porter, JK TI An overview of rodent toxicities: Liver and kidney effects of fumonisins and Fusarium moniliforme SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI North America International Conference on the Toxicology of Fumonisin CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA DE developmental toxicology; fumonisins; Fusarium moniliforme (= F. verticillioides); hepatotoxicity; nephrotoxicity; sphingolipids ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; CULTURE MATERIAL; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY; F-MONILIFORME; IN-VIVO; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SPHINGOLIPID DEPLETION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION AB Fumonisins are produced by Fusarium moniliforme (= F. verticillioides) and other Fusarium that grow on corn worldwide. They cause fatal toxicoses of horses and swine. Their effects in humans are unclear, but epidemiologic evidence suggests that consumption of fumonisin-contaminated corn contributes to human esophageal cancer in southern Africa and China. Much has been learned from rodent studies about fumonisin B-1 (FB1), the most common homologue. FB, is pearly absorbed and rapidly eliminated in feces. Minor amounts are retained in liver and kidneys. Unlike other mycotoxins, fumonisins cause the same liver cancer promotion and subchronic (studies less than or equal to 90 days) liver and kidney effects as F. moniliforme. FB1 induces apoptosis of hepatocytes and of proximal tubule epithelial cells. More advanced lesions in both organs are characterized by simultaneous cell loss (apoptosis and necrosis) and proliferation (mitosis). Microscopic and other findings suggest that an imbalance between cell loss and replacement develops, a condition favorable for carcinogenesis. On the molecular level, fumonisins inhibit ceramide synthase, and disrupt sphingolipid metabolism and, theoretically, sphingolipid-mediated regulatory processes that influence apoptosis and mitosis. Liver sphingolipid effects and toxicity are correlated, and ceramide synthase inhibition occurs in liver and kidney at doses below their respective no-observed-effect levels. FB1 does not cross the placenta and is not teratogenic in vivo in rats, mice, or rabbits, but is embryotoxic at high, maternally toxic doses. These data have contributed to preliminary risk evaluation and to protocol development for carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity studies of FB1 in rats and mice. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 124 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.2307/3435017 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500012 PM 11359694 ER PT J AU Howard, PC Eppley, RM Stack, ME Warbritton, A Voss, KA Lorentzen, RJ Kovach, RM Bucci, TJ AF Howard, PC Eppley, RM Stack, ME Warbritton, A Voss, KA Lorentzen, RJ Kovach, RM Bucci, TJ TI Fumonisin B-1 carcinogenicity in a two-year feeding study using F344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI North America International Conference on the Toxicology of Fumonisin CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA DE fumonisin B-1; hepatocarcinogenicity; renal carcinoma; rodent bioassay ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; F-MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS; TOXICITY; TRANSKEI; RESTRICTION; MORTALITY; CULTURES; CORN AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin isolated from Fusarium fungi that contaminate crops worldwide. A previous study demonstrated that FB1 promoted preneoplastic foci in initiated rats and induced hepatocellular carcinomas in ED IX rats at 50 parts per million (ppm), but fundamental dose-response data were not available to assist in setting regulatory guidelines for this mycotoxin. To provide this information, female and male F344/N/Nctr BR rats and B6C3F(1)/Nctr BR; mice were fed for two years a powdered NIH-31 diet containing the following concentrations of FB1: female rats, 0, 5, 15, 50, and 100 ppm; male rats, 0, 5, 15, 50, and 150 ppm; female mice, 0, 5, 15, 50, and 80 ppm; male mice, 0, 5, 15, 80, and 150 ppm. FB1 was not tumorigenic in female F344 rats with doses as high as 100 ppm. Including FB, in the diets of male rats induced renal tubule adenomas and carcinomas in 0/48, 0/40, 9/48, and 15/48 rats at 0, 5, 15, 50, and 150 ppm, respectively. Including up to 150 ppm FB1 in the diet of male mice did not affect tumor incidence. Hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas were induced by FBI in the female mice, occurring in 5/47, 3/48, 1/48, 19/47, and 39/45 female mice that consumed diets containing 0, 5, 15. 50, and 80 ppm FB1, respectively. This study demonstrates that FB1 is a rodent carcinogen that induces renal tubule tumors in male F344 rats and hepatic tumors in female B6C3F(1) mice. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Pathol Associates Int, Jefferson, AR USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA USA. RP Howard, PC (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, 3900 NCTR Rd,HFT-110, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 38 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500014 PM 11359696 ER PT J AU Merrill, AH Sullards, MC Wang, E Voss, KA Riley, RT AF Merrill, AH Sullards, MC Wang, E Voss, KA Riley, RT TI Sphingolipid metabolism: Roles in signal transduction and disruption by fumonisins SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI North America International Conference on the Toxicology of Fumonisin CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA DE biomarker; C-2-ceramide; ceramide synthase; fumonisin B-1; lipid metabolism; sphinganine; sphingosine ID PHOSPHATIDIC-ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE; LM CELLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; BASES AB Sphingolipids have important roles in membrane and lipoprotein structure and in cell regulation as second messengers for growth factors, differentiation factors, cytokines, and a growing list of agonists. Bioactive sphingolipids are formed both by the turnover of complex sphingolipids and as intermediates of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Usually, the amounts are highly regulated; however, by inhibiting ceramide synthase, fumonisins block the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids and cause sphinganine land sometimes sphingosine) to accumulate. Where the mechanism has been studied most thoroughly, the accumulation of sphingoid bases is a primary cause of the toxicity of fumonisin B (FB). Nonetheless, the full effects of fumonisins probably involve many biochemical events. The elevations in sphingoid bases also affect the amounts of other lipids, including the l-phosphates and N-acetyl derivatives of sphinganine. Furthermore, the aminopentol backbone of FB1 (AP(1)) is both an inhibitor and a substrate for ceramide synthase, and the resultant N-palmitoyl-AP(1) (PAP(1)) is an even more potent inhibitor of ceramide synthase (presumably as a product analog). PAP(1) is 10 times more toxic than FB1 or API for HT-29 cells in culture, and hence may play a role in the toxicity of nixtamalized fumonisins. All these processes-the effects of fumonisins on sphingolipid metabolism, the pathways altered by perturbation of sphingolipid metabolism, and the complex cellular behaviors regulated by sphingolipids-must be borne in mind when evaluating the pathologic effects of fumonisins. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Merrill, AH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 59 TC 213 Z9 217 U1 1 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.2307/3435020 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500015 PM 11359697 ER PT J AU Riley, RT Enongene, E Voss, KA Norred, WP Meredith, FI Sharma, RP Spitsbergen, J Williams, DE Carlson, DB Merrill, AH AF Riley, RT Enongene, E Voss, KA Norred, WP Meredith, FI Sharma, RP Spitsbergen, J Williams, DE Carlson, DB Merrill, AH TI Sphingolipid perturbations as mechanisms for fumonisin carcinogenesis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI North America International Conference on the Toxicology of Fumonisin CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA DE carcinogenesis; ceramide; corn; fumonisin; Fusarium moniliforme; glycosphingolipids; sphinganine; sphingolipid; sphingosine; sphingosine 1-phosphate ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PRIMARY RAT HEPATOCYTES; LIVER IN-VIVO; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SPHINGOSINE RATIO AB There is a great deal of evidence that altered sphingolipid metabolism is associated with fumonisin-induced animal diseases Including increased apoptotic and oncotic necrosis, and carcinogenesis in rodent liver and kidney. The biochemical consequences of fumonisin disruption of sphingolipid metabolism most likely to alter cell regulation are increased free sphingoid bases and their l-phosphates, alterations in complex sphingolipids, and decreased ceramide (CER) biosynthesis. Because free sphingoid bases and CER can induce cell death, the fumonisin inhibition of CER synthase can inhibit cell death induced by CER but promote free sphingoid base-induced cell death. Theoretically, at any time the balance between the intracellular concentration of effecters that protect cells from apoptosis (decreased CER, increased sphingosine 1-phosphate) and those that induce apoptosis (increased CER, free sphingoid bases, altered fatty acids) will determine the cellular response. Because the balance between the rates of apoptosis and proliferation is important in tumorigenesis, cells sensitive to the proliferative effect of decreased CER and increased sphingosine 1-phosphate may be selected to survive and proliferate when free sphingoid base concentration is not growth inhibitory. Conversely, when the increase in free sphingoid bases exceeds a cell's ability to convert sphinganine/sphingosine to dihydroceramide/CER or their sphingoid base 1-phosphate, then free sphingoid bases will accumulate. In this case cells that are sensitive to sphingoid base-induced growth arrest will die and insensitive cells will survive. If the cells selected to die are normal phenotypes and the cells selected to survive are abnormal, then cancer risk will increase. C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA USA. NR 116 TC 153 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.2307/3435022 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500017 PM 11359699 ER PT J AU Howard, PC Warbritton, A Voss, KA Lorentzen, RJ Thurman, JD Kovach, RM Bucci, TJ AF Howard, PC Warbritton, A Voss, KA Lorentzen, RJ Thurman, JD Kovach, RM Bucci, TJ TI Compensatory regeneration as a mechanism for renal tubule carcinogenesis of fumonisin B(1) in the F344/N/Nctr BR rat SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI North America International Conference on the Toxicology of Fumonisin CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL ARLINGTON, VA DE apoptosis; fumonisin B(1); renal tubule; rodent bioassay ID DOMINANTLY INHERITED CANCER; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; EKER RAT; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; TSC2 GENE; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; CELL-PROLIFERATION; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; F344 RATS; LIVER AB Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) is a fungal metabolite of Fusarium verticillioides (= F. moniliforme), a fungus that grows on many crops worldwide. Previous studies demonstrated that male ED IX rats consuming diets containing 50 ppm fumonisin B1 developed hepatocellular carcinomas. In our recent studies, diets containing FB1 at 50 ppm or higher concentrations induced renal tubule carcinomas in male F344/N/Nctr BR rats and hepatocellular carcinomas in female B6C3F(1)/Nctr BR mice. The carcinogenicity of FB(1) in rats and mice is not due to DNA damage, as several laboratories have demonstrated that FB(1) is not a genotoxin. FB, induces apoptosis in cells in vitro. Including FB(1) in the diets of rats results in increased hepatocellular and renal tubule epithelial cell apoptosis. In studies with F344/N/Nctr BR rats consuming diets containing up to 484 ppm FB(1) for 28 days, female rats demonstrated more sensitivity than male rats in the induction of hepatocellular apoptosis and mitosis. Conversely, induction of renal tubule apoptosis and regeneration were more pronounced in male than in female rats. Induction of renal tubule apoptosis and hyperplasia correlated with the incidence of renal tubule carcinomas that developed in the 2-year feeding study with FB, in the F344/N/Nctr BR rats. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the induction Of renal tubule carcinomas in male rats could be partly due to the continuous compensatory regeneration of renal tubule epithelial cells in response to the induction of apoptosis by fumonisin B(1). C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Pathol Associates Int, Jefferson, AR USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Howard, PC (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, 3900 NCTR Rd,HFT-110, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM phoward@nctr.fda.gov NR 59 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.2307/3435023 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500018 PM 11359700 ER PT J AU Bacon, CW Yates, IE Hinton, DM Meredith, F AF Bacon, CW Yates, IE Hinton, DM Meredith, F TI Biological control of Fusarium moniliforme in maize SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI North America International Conference on the Toxicology of Fumonisin CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL ARLINGTON, VA DE Bacillus subtilis; bacterial endophyte; biological control; corn; fumonisins; fungal endophyte; Fusarium; Gibberella moniliformis; mycotoxins; Trichoderma; Zea mays ID TOXIC TALL FESCUE; GIBBERELLA MONILIFORMIS; BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES; TRICHODERMA-VIRIDE; KERNEL INFECTION; FINE STRUCTURE; FUMONISIN B-1; CORN; RESISTANCE; GROWTH AB Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. a biological species of the mating populations within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex, i.e., population A [= G. moniliformis (Sheld.) Wineland], is an example of a facultative fungal endophyte. During the biotrophic endophytic association with maize, as well as during saprophytic growth, F. moniliforme produces the fumonisins. The fungus is transmitted vertically and horizontally to the next generation of plants via clonal infection of seeds and plant debris. Horizontal infection is the manner by which this fungus is spread contagiously and through which infection occurs from the outside that can be reduced by application of certain fungicides. The endophytic phase is vertically transmitted. This type infection is important because it is not controlled by seed applications of fungicides, and it remains the reservoir from which infection and toxin biosynthesis takes place in each generation of plants. Thus, vertical transmission of this fungus is just as important as horizontal transmission. A biological control system using an endophytic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, has been developed that shows great promise for reducing mycotoxin accumulation during the endophytic (vertical transmission) growth phase. Because this bacterium occupies the identical ecological niche within the plant, it is considered an ecological homologue to F. moniliforme, and the inhibitory mechanism, regardless of the mode of action, operates on the competitive exclusion principle. In addition to this bacterium, an isolate of a species of the fungus Trichoderma shows promise in the postharvest control of the growth and toxin accumulation from F. moniliforme on corn in storage. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, TMRU, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, TMRU, POB 5677,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM cbacon@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 60 TC 98 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 45 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.2307/3435026 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500021 PM 11359703 ER PT J AU Saunders, DS Meredith, FI Voss, KA AF Saunders, DS Meredith, FI Voss, KA TI Control of fumonisin: Effects of processing SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI North America International Conference on the Toxicology of Fumonisin CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL ARLINGTON, VA DE corn; food; fumonisin; masa; processing ID CORN GRITS; STABILITY; PRODUCTS; B-1 AB Of about 10 billion bushels of corn that are grown each year in the United States, less than 2% is processed directly into food products, and about 18% is processed into intermediates such as high-fructose corn syrup, ethanol, and cornstarch. The vast majority of the annual crop is used domestically for animal feed (60%), and about 16% is exported. Thus, any program for controlling residues of fumonisin (FB) in food must recognize that most of the crop is grown for something other than food. Studies on the effects of wet milling on FR residues found these residues nondetectable in cornstarch, the starting material for hi(high-fructose corn syrup and most other wet-milled food ingredients. Similar effects are noted for the dry-milling process. FB residues were nondetectable or quite low in dry flaking grits and corn flour, higher in corn germ, and highest in corn bran. Extrusion of dry-milled products reduces FB concentrations by 30-90% for mixing-type extruders and 20-50% for nonmixing extruders. Cooking and canning generally have little effect on FB content. In the masa process measurable FB is reduced following the cooking, soaking, and washing steps, with little conversion of FB to the hydrolyzed form. Sheeting, baking, and frying at commercial times and temperatures generally have no effect. In summary, all available studies on the effects of processing corn into food and food ingredients consistently demonstrate substantial reductions in measurable FB. No studies have shown a concentration in FB residues in food products or ingredients. C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Dept Food Safety, Plano, TX USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kvoss@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 333 EP 336 DI 10.2307/3435027 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500022 PM 11359704 ER PT J AU Bentrup, G AF Bentrup, G TI Evaluation of a collaborative model: A case study analysis of watershed planning in the intermountain west SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE collaboration; case study; public participation; watershed planning; natural resources ID PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY; MANAGEMENT AB Collaborative planning processes have become increasingly popular for addressing environmental planning issues, resulting in a number of conceptual models for collaboration. A model proposed by Selin and Chavez suggests that collaboration emerges from a series of antecedents and then proceeds sequentially through problem-setting, direction-setting, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation phases. This paper summarizes an empirical study to evaluate if the Selin and Chavez model encompasses the range of factors important for the establishment and operation of collaboration in watershed planning from the perspective of the planning coordinator. Analysis of three case studies of watershed based planning efforts in the Intermountain West suggests the model realistically describes some of the fundamental collaborative elements in watershed planning. Particularly important factors include the involvement of stakeholders in data collection and analysis and the establishment of measurable objectives. Informal face-to-face dialog and watershed field tours were considered critical for identifying issues and establishing trust among stakeholders. Group organizational structure also seems to play a key role in facilitating collaboration. From this analysis, suggestions for refining the model are proposed. C1 US Forest Serv, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Bentrup, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, USDA, East Campus UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 43 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 27 IS 5 BP 739 EP 748 DI 10.1007/s002670010184 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 421AG UT WOS:000168039500009 PM 11334161 ER PT J AU Parker, CT Liebana, E Henzler, DJ Guard-Petter, J AF Parker, CT Liebana, E Henzler, DJ Guard-Petter, J TI Lipopolysaccharide O-chain microheterogeneity of Salmonella serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; EGGS; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA; CHICKENS; VIRULENT; MICE; POLYMERIZATION AB Variability in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the two most prevalent Salmonella serotypes causing foodborne salmonellosis was assessed using gas chromatography analysis of neutral sugars from 43 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and 20 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolates. Four substantially different types of O-chain chemotypes were detected using cluster analysis of sugar compositions; these were low-molecular-mass (LMM) LPS, glucosylated LMM LPS, high-molecular-mass (HMM) LPS and glucosylated HMM LPS. Nineteen out of 20 S. Typhimurium isolates yielded glucosylated LMM. In contrast, S. Enteritidis produced a more diverse structure, which varied according to the source and history of the isolate: 45.5% of egg isolates yielded glucosylated HMM LPS; 100% of stored strains lacked glucosylation but retained chain length in some cases; and 83.3% of fresh isolates from the naturally infected house mouse Mus musculus produced glucosylated LMM LPS. A chain length determinant (wzz) mutant of S. Enteritidis produced a structure similar to that of S. Typhimurium and was used to define what constituted significant differences in structure using cluster analysis. Fine mapping of the S. Enteritidis chromosome by means of a two-restriction enzyme-ribotyping technique suggested that mouse isolates producing glucosylated LMM LPS were closely related to orally invasive strains obtained from eggs, and that stored strains were accumulating genetic changes that correlated with suppression of LPS O-chain glucosylation. These results suggest that the determination of LPS chemotype is a useful tool for epidemiological monitoring of S. Enteritidis, which displays an unusual degree of diversity in its LPS O-chain. C1 ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Vet Labs Agcy, Dept Bacterial Dis, Weybridge, Surrey, England. Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA USA. RP Guard-Petter, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RI Liebana, Ernesto/I-1187-2016 OI Liebana, Ernesto/0000-0003-1979-5731 NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 3 IS 5 BP 332 EP 342 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00200.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 443QY UT WOS:000169352900005 PM 11422320 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Heifner, RG Taylor, H Uri, ND AF Huang, WY Heifner, RG Taylor, H Uri, ND TI Using insurance to enhance nitrogen fertilizer application to reduce nitrogen losses to the environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE agricultural policy; agriculture; best nitrogen management plan; fertilizer; insurance ID YIELD AB The advantage of using insurance to help a farmer adopt a best nitrogen management plan (BNMP) that reduces the impact of agricultural production on the environment is analytically and empirically demonstrated. Using an expected value analysis, it is shown that an insurance program can be structured so as to reduce a farmer's cost of bearing the adoption risk associated with changing production practices and, thus, to improve the farmer's certainty equivalent net return thereby promoting the adoption of a BNMP. Using the adoption of growing-season only N fertilizer application in Iowa as a case study, it is illustrated how insurance may be used to promote the adoption of this practice to reduce N fertilizer use. It is shown that it is possible for a farmer and an insurance company both to have an incentive to develop an insurance adoption program that will benefit both the farmer and the insurance company, increasing net social welfare and improving environmental quality in Iowa. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), Fed Commun Commiss, Common Carrier Bur, Washington, DC 20554 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 68 IS 3 BP 209 EP 233 DI 10.1023/A:1010755424263 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 423VH UT WOS:000168198100001 PM 11393425 ER EF