FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Claassen, R Horan, RD AF Claassen, R Horan, RD TI Uniform and non-uniform second-best input taxes SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE equity; fertilizer tax; heterogeneity; input-based tax; nutrient runoff; nonpoint pollution; second-best ID UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; CORN; POLICIES; TECHNOLOGY; SOYBEANS; ACREAGE; BASE; COST AB We investigate second-best, input-based taxes for agricultural nonpoint pollution control when market prices are endogenous and production is heterogeneous. Theoretically, we derive the optimal forms of taxes which take account of heterogeneity (non-uniform taxes) and a tax which does not (a uniform tax). Empirically, we use a multi-factor, market-equilibrium simulation model to determine optimal tax rates and associated equity effects, particularly differences in landowner gains/losses across a heterogeneous region. When market prices are endogenous, second-best tax policies result in pecuniary externalities that affect existing environmental externalities. In particular, the pecuniary externalities amplify the effect of producer heterogeneity on determination of sub-regional differences in tax rates and returns to land, particularly for the uniform policy. With endogenous prices, the uniform tax rate is considerably higher than any of the non-uniform rates and, ironically, the non-uniform taxes result in less dispersion of landowner gains across sub-regions than the uniform tax. C1 USDA, Resource Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Claassen, R (reprint author), USDA, Resource Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1023/A:1011192110429 PG 22 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 423UL UT WOS:000168196100001 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Gan, JY Papiernik, SK Yates, SR AF Wang, QQ Gan, JY Papiernik, SK Yates, SR TI Isomeric effects on thiosulfate transformation and detoxification of 1,3-dichloropropene SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dichloropropene; ammonium thiosulfate; soil fumigants; Vibrio fisheri; Ames test ID SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY TEST; ENHANCED DEGRADATION; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; LUMINESCENT BACTERIA; SOIL; VOLATILIZATION; GLUTATHIONE; PESTICIDES; ACTIVATION; 1,3-D AB The fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) is one of the most heavily used pesticides but also a suspected carcinogen. Previous research has shown that 1,3-D was rapidly transformed and detoxified by ammonium thiosulfate (ATS), a sulfur and nitrogen fertilizer. As common formulations contain cis and trans isomers at roughly equivalent ratios, this study was conducted to understand isomeric differences in thiosulfate transformation and detoxification of 1,3-D. Under the same conditions, reaction of cis-1,3-D with thiosulfate was more than three times faster than trans-1,3-D, which was correlated with a lower reaction activation energy for the cis isomer. The trans isomer was considerably more toxic to the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fisheri than the cis isomer, but the toxicity was reduced by 14 times after thiosulfate transformation. Mutagenic activity to strains of Salmonella typhimurium was observed for trans-1,3-D but was not detected after thiosulfate transformation. These results suggest that thio sulfate transformation detoxifies 1,3-D primarily by deactivating the trans isomer, and the reaction is toxicologically beneficial, as it negates the potential harmful effects of 1,3-D to the environment and human health. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gan, JY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5 BP 960 EP 964 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 457YK UT WOS:000170165800004 PM 11337884 ER PT J AU Runes, HB Bottomley, PJ Lerch, RN Jenkins, JJ AF Runes, HB Bottomley, PJ Lerch, RN Jenkins, JJ TI Atrazine remediation in wetland microcosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atrazine; deethylatrazine; deisopropylatrazine; hydroxyatrazine; wetland ID DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; SURFACE-WATER; SOIL; SEDIMENT; SORPTION; DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE; METABOLITES; RHIZOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; RESIDUES AB Laboratory wetland microcosms were used to study treatment of atrazine, in irrigation runoff by a field-scale-constructed wetland under controlled conditions. Three experiments, in which 1 ppm atrazine was added to the water column of three wetland, one soil control, and one water control microcosm, were conducted. Atrazine dissipation from the water column and degradate formation (deethylatrazine [DEA]; deisopropylatrazine [DIA]; and hydroxyatrazine [HA]) were monitored. Atrazine dissipation from the water column of wetland microcosms was biphasic. Less than 12% of the atrazine applied to wetland microcosms remained in the water column on day 56. Atrazine degradates were observed in water and sediment, with HA the predominant degradate. Analysis of day 56 sediment samples indicated that a significant portion of the initial application was detected as the parent compound and HA. Most probable number (MPN) assays demonstrated that atrazine degrader populations were small in wetland sediment. Wetland microcosms were able to reduce atrazine concentration in the water column via sorption and degradation. Based on results from this study, it is hypothesized that plant uptake contributed to atrazine dissipation from the water column. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Jenkins, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, 1007 Agr & Life Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1066 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<1059:ARIWM>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 457YK UT WOS:000170165800017 PM 11337869 ER PT J AU Lecoeur, J Sinclair, TR AF Lecoeur, J Sinclair, TR TI Harvest index increase during seed growth of field pea SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE pea; Pisum sativum L.; harvest index; temperature; thermal units; seed fill ID LINEAR INCREASE AB Harvest index during seed growth has been reported to increase linearly with time for many crop species. Although the rate of harvest index increase was generally stable across experiments within a species, there are indications that it is sensitive to variations in temperature. The objective of the present study was to compare the harvest index increase for field pea (Pisum sativum L.) across 31 experiments that included a wide range of temperature environments. The change in harvest index within each experiment was well described by a linear increase with time but there was considerable variability among experiments. The increase in harvest index was also calculated as a function of thermal time after flowering. The variability was only marginally reduced. Use of thermal time was, however, superior in identifying a common point for the initiation of seed growth among the experiments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INRA Agro Montpellier, Lab Ecophysiol Plantes Stress Environm, Unite Format & Rech Agron & Bioclimatol, F-34060 Montpellier 1, France. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lecoeur, J (reprint author), INRA Agro Montpellier, Lab Ecophysiol Plantes Stress Environm, Unite Format & Rech Agron & Bioclimatol, F-34060 Montpellier 1, France. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00091-5 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 432LV UT WOS:000168694000002 ER PT J AU Haley, MM AF Haley, MM TI Potential US implications of foot-and-mouth disease SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Serv Econ Res, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Haley, MM (reprint author), US Serv Econ Res, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 55 IS 5 BP 228 EP 228 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 434CB UT WOS:000168796600011 ER PT J AU Shiau, RJ Smith, RL Cesa, ET AF Shiau, RJ Smith, RL Cesa, ET TI Role of intermediaries in technology transfer in the logging industry: A case study with portable timber bridges SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Intermediaries in the logging industry were surveyed to evaluate their role in the transfer of technology. These individuals play the important role of transferring information from developers of technology to the potential users of technology. Intermediaries, pre-identified by loggers, included state agencies (foresters), industry foresters, marketing professionals in private companies, officers in trade associations, and extension specialists. This study identified that intermediaries from different professional groups have different preferred sources for learning about new technology, effective methods for disseminating new information, factors influencing their decisions to disseminate new information, and factors in the promotion of portable timber bridges. It is very difficult to develop a unified channel strategy to fit every intermediary. However, understanding the differences among those intermediaries is essential in order to promote portable timber bridge technology. Overall, personal visits, trade shows, short courses, and workshops were preferred by respondents in terms of effective methods for disseminating new technology information. The Internet was rated lowest. C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Mkt, Taichung, Taiwan. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Ctr Forest Prod Mkt & Management, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, Natl Wood Transportat Program, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Shiau, RJ (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Mkt, Taichung, Taiwan. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 51 IS 5 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 433DU UT WOS:000168740700002 ER PT J AU Shupe, TF Lebow, ST Choong, ET Xiong, M AF Shupe, TF Lebow, ST Choong, ET Xiong, M TI Inadequate redrying linked to dimensional instability of CCA-treated southern pine lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Some instances of severe warping of siding treated with a commercial waterborne preservative have been reported to the authors. We investigated this problem by evaluating 25-mm-,51-mm-, and 102-mm-(1-,2,-and4-in.-) thick chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated No. 1 southern yellow pine lumber shipped from three suppliers to a secondary manufacturer in Louisiana. The moisture content (MC), CCA retention, and adsorption/desorption ratio was determined for specimens cut from the lumber. For all lumber thicknesses and target retention levels, including untreated wood, the MC of many boards exceeded the secondary manufacturer's specification of a maximum of 16 percent MC. No consistent relationship was found between CCA retention and the adsorption/desorption ratio, indicating that the presence of the preservative oxides was not causing excessive fluctuations in wood MC. The results suggest that the source of the dimensional instability is the initial high MC due to inadequate redrying. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 51 IS 5 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 433DU UT WOS:000168740700008 ER PT J AU Wiemann, MC Dilcher, DL Manchester, SR AF Wiemann, MC Dilcher, DL Manchester, SR TI Estimation of mean annual temperature from leaf and wood physiognomy SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate models; leaf morphology; wood anatomy ID EOCENE CONTINENTAL CLIMATES; ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS; LEAVES; SIZE; RECONSTRUCTIONS; GRADIENTS; DRIPTIPS; RESPECT; FLORAS AB There are distinct relationships among the anatomy of wood, the morphology of leaves, and the climate in which woody plants are growing. The relationships between leaf morphological characters and climate have been known for many years, but wood characters as climate indicators are less well studied. In this article, we use measurements of wood anatomy and leaf morphology from woody dicotyledonous plants, growing in Florida and Connecticut, to determine the accuracy to which statistical models can predict climate. The strength of the relationship between climate and physiognomy is important because it allows us to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity that woody plants express under various climates. In this study we use canonical correspondence and regress ion models to examine how precisely wood anatomical and leaf morphological characters are related to climate. For leaves, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) using 31 characters gave the closest estimate of mean annual temperature (MAT) in Connecticut, whereas a regression equation using only a single leaf character (leaf margins with no teeth) as predictor gave the closest estimate in Florida. For wood, CCA using 13 wood characters gave the closest estimate in Florida, whereas a regression equation using only a single wood character (the occurrence of vessels smaller than 100 mum) gave the closest estimate in Connecticut. CCA showed that, although MAT has a smooth and continuous relationship with leaf physiognomy, this is not the case for wood. Temperate woods form a different physiognomic population than subtropical and tropical woods, in which the physiognomy of temperate woods is more strongly influenced by MAT than is the physiognomy of subtropical and tropical woods. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wiemann, MC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 47 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 432BN UT WOS:000168667200003 ER PT J AU Vonderwell, JD Enebak, SA Samuelson, LJ AF Vonderwell, JD Enebak, SA Samuelson, LJ TI Influence of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on loblolly pine root respiration and IAA activity SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE auxin; CO2 efflux; pH; Pinus taeda L. ID INDOLEACETIC-ACID; INOCULATION; COLONIZATION; MYCORRHIZAL; MUTANTS; WHEAT; SOIL AB A clearer understanding of factors contributing to inconsistency in seedling root growth promotion among nurseries has become important to managers as the commercial use of rhizobacteria in forest nurseries increases. To address why some bacterial strains increase root growth response while others do not, two separate experiments were conducted with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings, Experiment one examined growth media. Seed were sown in either a hand-mixed peat:vermiculite:perlite (2.1:1, v:v:v) potting medum or a commercial medum-Promix(R) (1:1 peat:vermiculite), Seed were inoculated at sowing with an equal amount of either Bacillus subtilis strain LS211, B. subtilis strain INR7, or sterile distilled water. Seedling biomass, root length, root surface area, average root diameter, and root volume were measured at 6 and 12 wk after sowing. Growth promotion was variable and dependent on media and weeks since sowing. In a second experiment, root respiration rate and total root indole-acetic acid (IAA) content were quantified at 6 and 12 wk for seedlings grown in Promix(R). In experiment two, strain INR7 decreased whole root system respiration by 22% and increased root biomass and root length compared to controls at 6 wk. Bacterial strain LS211 had no effect on root respiration. Furthermore, bacterial strain INR7 produced 1.7 times the total root IAA concentration of controls at 6 wk, whereas LS211 had no effect. Although cause and effect could not be tested, these studies suggest that root growth promotion is influenced by growth media and that IAA concentrations and root respiration rates are two physiological mechanisms correlated with rhizobacterial activity and growth promotion. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Vonderwell, JD (reprint author), USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, HCR Box 8, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 47 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 432BN UT WOS:000168667200009 ER PT J AU Finney, MA AF Finney, MA TI Design of regular landscape fuel treatment patterns for modifying fire growth and behavior SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fuels; fuel treatments; fire behavior; landscape patterns; fire modeling ID PERIMETER; INTENSITY; SPREAD; MODEL AB Patterns of disconnected fuel treatment patches that overlap in the heading fire spread direction are theoretically effective in changing forward fire spread rate. The analysis presented here sought to find the unit shape and pattern for a given level of treatment that has the maximum effect on forward spread rate. This occurs when the treatment units cause the fire to spread through them at the same rate as it spreads around them. Simulations suggested that these treatment patterns reduce the spread rate or fireline intensity over much of the area burned, even outside the treatment units where the fire was forced to flank. The ideal patterns are theoretically scale independent, allowing for flexible application across heterogeneous landscapes. The topology of these patterns has implications for designing landscape-level fuel treatment patterns and for understanding spatial dynamics of fuel patterns across landscapes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Sys Environm Management, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Finney, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mfinney@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 207 Z9 225 U1 5 U2 16 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 47 IS 2 BP 219 EP 228 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 432BN UT WOS:000168667200012 ER PT J AU Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Stahl, G Ringvall, A AF Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Stahl, G Ringvall, A TI Clarification of the mirage method for boundary correction, with possible bias in plot and point sampling SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest sampling; reflection; relascope; prism cruising AB While the mirage method of boundary overlap correction has been shown to be unbiased, an emphasis on the case of circular inclusion zones has led to an ambiguity in its presentation in much of the literature, We present a clarification of the method and show that its incorrect application leads to bias. We further show that depending on the method of slope correction, the potential for bias extends to variable radius plot sampling, Correct application of the mirage method has implications for when plots should be reflected, and how borderline trees should be handled on the reflected plots. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management Geomat, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Ducey, MJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 47 IS 2 BP 242 EP 245 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 432BN UT WOS:000168667200014 ER PT J AU Guo, YF Shelton, MG Lockhart, BR AF Guo, YF Shelton, MG Lockhart, BR TI Effects of light regimes on the growth of cherrybark oak seedlings SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest openings; periodic growth; Quercus pagoda; reproduction; shadehouses ID NORTHERN RED OAK; GRASS ROOT COMPETITION; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; QUERCUS-RUBRA; REGENERATION; SHELTERWOOD; STANDS; FOREST AB Light regimes vary significantly within small forest openings, ranging from full sunlight to total shade, and they may affect the establishment and early growth of oak seedlings. We designed modified shadehouses to simulate the complex light conditions within forest openings and tested the effects of daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), time of direct light exposure, and the ratio of direct light to day length (direct-sunlight ratio) on height, diameter, and periodic growth of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf,) seedlings through 2 yr, Five treatments representing the time of exposure to direct sunlight were created: NO, NOON, MORNING,AFTERNOON, and FULL. Treatments significantly affected both the height and root-collar diameter of seedlings, especially during the second growing season. The direct-sun light ratio was linearly related to periodic height growth for the NOON treatment but not related to height growth for the other treatments. However, periodic height growth in the AFTERNOON and FULL treatments was highly correlated to mean daily PAR. Maximum periodic height growth occurred at moderate daily PAR levels, This research showed that light conditions for maximum growth of cherrybarh oak seedlings change through time, with adequate shading being most favorable during the early stages of establishment. C1 Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Guo, YF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, POB 3468, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 47 IS 2 BP 270 EP 277 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 432BN UT WOS:000168667200017 ER PT J AU Clark, RB Ritchey, KD Baligar, VC AF Clark, RB Ritchey, KD Baligar, VC TI Benefits and constraints for use of FGD products on agricultural land SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Ash Utilization Symposium CY OCT 18-20, 1999 CL LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY SP Univ Kentuckey, Ctr Appl Energy Res, US DOE DE Al, B, and sulfite toxicities; nutrient deficiencies; P availability; soil amendment; soil pH; soil physical properties; trace element contamination ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCT; ACIDIC SOIL; PHOSPHATE ROCK; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; CELLULOSE; RYEGRASS; MAIZE; ACQUISITION; MAGNESIUM AB Considerable amounts of coal combustion products (CCPs) are generated when coal is burned for generation of electricity. To meet Clean Air standards, large amounts of S must not be emitted into the atmosphere, which means considerable amounts of Rue gas desulfurization products (FGDs) are and will be produced. Beneficial uses of FGDs are continually being sought to reduce waste, decrease cost of disposal, and provide value-added products. Beneficial agricultural uses of FGDs include application as amendment to acidic soil to mitigate low pH problems (Al and Mn toxicities): provide plant nutrients (i.e. Ca, S, and Mg): improve soil physical properties (e.g. water infiltration and soil aggregation); help alleviate soil compaction and improve aggregate stability of sodic soils: and inactivate P under high P-soil conditions to reduce P runoff. Go-utilization of FGDs with organic materials (manures, composts, biosolids) should also provide many benefits when used on land. Constraints for use of FGDs on agricultural land could be both insufficient or excessive amounts of CaCO3, CaO, and/or Ca(OH2) in raising soil pH insufficiently or too much; excessive Ca to cause imbalanced Mg, P, and K in soils/plants; Ca displacement of Al from soil exchange sites to induce Al toxicity in plants; high B to induce B toxicity in plants; excessive sulfite which is toxic to plants; and excessive amounts of undesirable trace elements (e.g. As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb. and Se) which could potentially contaminate water and pose toxicity to plants/ animals/microorganisms. Most constraints should not impose problems for FGD use on land. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd, C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Clark, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 58 TC 56 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAY PY 2001 VL 80 IS 6 SI SI BP 821 EP 828 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00162-9 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 407ZT UT WOS:000167302600007 ER PT J AU Mermut, AR Eswaran, H AF Mermut, AR Eswaran, H TI Some major developments in soil science since the mid-1960s SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE carbon cycles; land degradation; soil quality; soil information system; pedometrics; soil technologies; agroforestry; conservation tillage; micromorphology; environmental pollution; societal affairs; World Reference Base ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON; FERTILIZERS; TILLAGE; CADMIUM; WORLD AB Although the science of soil was established about 150 years ago with the modern soil science taking off after the Second World War, the new Millennium has brought other challenges and new opportunities. Rapidly increasing population in countries that can least afford it have made them food-insecure. With inadequate inputs in agriculture, developing countries are degrading their lands rapidly and destroying ecosystems. Affluence in the richer countries has precipitated other problems hampering ecosystem functions and quality of land resources. These changing conditions have placed new demands on both the society and the soil science community. The latter has resulted in new areas of soil sub-disciplines such as land and soil quality, land degradation and desertification, cycling of bio-geochemicals, soil pollution assessment and monitoring etc. Advances in information technology have also enabled the science to meet the new demands of the enviro-centric world. In the last decade, noticeable changes are evident in methods and research priorities in the discipline. Soil resource assessment and monitoring is entering a new era, in terms of quality of information produced by new information technologies through the innovative use of Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing and significantly improving the acceptance and use of soil survey information. Electronic technology has dramatically increased the demand for and ability to process more data. Other innovations have resulted in quantitative approaches in soil genetic studies and demonstrated the integral role of soils in ecosystems. For global and regional resource assessment, concepts and procedures were refined. The World Reference Base for soil classification and the Global Soil and Terrain Database are the first steps towards standardisation and a more detailed assessment of global soils. The global assessment of human-induced land degradation and vulnerability to desertification are benchmark products of the databases. Environmental pollution and its effects on human and ecosystem health have become public concerns and soil science has contributed to localising, quantifying, and developing mitigation technologies to address the problems. The challenges of climate change and the charge to maintain ecologcal integrity have been met with technologies such as conservation tillage, agroforestry, precision agriculture etc. New concepts such as multi-functionality of land, soil quality, sustainability of agriculture and carbon sequestration, have emerged leading to new management strategies and an enhanced quality of life. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Ctr Soil Res, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mermut, AR (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Ctr Soil Res, Dept Soil Sci, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. NR 97 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAY PY 2001 VL 100 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 403 EP 426 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(01)00030-1 PG 24 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 440EB UT WOS:000169162000008 ER PT J AU McKean, J Inouye, K AF McKean, J Inouye, K TI Field evaluation of the long-term performance of geocomposite sheet drains SO GEOTEXTILES AND GEOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE geocomposite sheet drains; field evaluation ID HIGHWAY AB The long-term performance of geocomposite sheet drains has been monitored at three sites by measuring the effect of the drains on local groundwater hydrology during peak groundwater events, The study is on-going with the maximum record being 14 years at one location. One drain was placed 2.4 m deep in a vertical trench in soil that varies from clay and clayey gravel to silty sand. Over a three-year period, this drain has flowed as much as 1001/min. Even during such extreme groundwater events, there has been essentially no rise in the water table just down gradient from the drain. The peak hydraulic gradient toward this drain consistently reaches 0.66-0.73 during major rainstorms and returns to a "base level" of 0.45-0.50 within 10 days after a storm peak. At a second site, a drain was installed 8 m deep in a silty sand soil behind a retaining wall, This geocomposite has flowed up to 151/min with no rise in the water table in the retaining wall fill. Performance of the drain has been consistently excellent over a 14-year period. Limited data suggest that the drain discharge is proportional to about 13 times the average hydraulic gradient toward the drain. At a third site, a drain was installed to a maximum depth of 2.4 m in a vertical trench in a silty sand soil. Performance of this drain is marginal because trench wall collapse during drain installation caused an uneven drain slope toward the outlet. This is a common issue where trench drains are installed at sites with a constantly high water table. The problem could be greatly mitigated by a geocomposite design in which vertical sections of the drain are completely independent units that could be quickly dropped into a trench immediately behind the excavator. Despite the construction problems, this drain is partially dewatering the road prism just down gradient from the geocomposite. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand. US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA USA. RP McKean, J (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. RI McKean, Jim/C-3581-2011 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-1144 J9 GEOTEXT GEOMEMBRANES JI Geotext. Geomembr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 213 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0266-1144(01)00007-3 PG 22 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 434DX UT WOS:000168800800002 ER PT J AU Manies, KL Harden, JW Kramer, L Parton, WJ AF Manies, KL Harden, JW Kramer, L Parton, WJ TI Carbon dynamics within agricultural and native sites in the loess region of western Iowa SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; Century model; cropland; erosion; prairie; sink; soil; source ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS; LAND-USE; GRASSLAND; CROPLAND; EROSION; DAKOTA; SOILS AB In order to quantify the historical changes in carbon storage that result from agricultural conversion, this study compared the carbon dynamics of two sites in the loess region of Iowa: a native prairie and a cropland. Field data were obtained to determine present-day carbon storage and its variability within a landscape (a stable ridgetop vs. eroding upper-midslope vs. depositional lower slope). Models were used to recreate the historical carbon budget of these sites and determine the cropland's potential to be a net CO2 source or sink, relative to the atmosphere. Regardless of slope position, the cropland site contains approximately half the amount of carbon as prairie. Variability in soil carbon storage within a site as a consequence of slope position is as large or larger (variations of 200-300%) than temporal variation (similar to 200% at all slope positions). The most extreme difference in soil carbon storage between the cropland and prairie sites is found in the soil at the upper-midslope, which is the area of greatest erosion. The models estimate that 93-172% of the carbon in the original topsoil has been lost from the cropland's eroding midslope. Much of this carbon is derived from deeper soil horizons. Either a small sink or strong source of carbon to the atmosphere is created, depending on the fate of the eroded sediment and its associated carbon. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USDA, Natl Soils Tilth Lab, Deep Loess Res Stn, Agr Res Stn, Council Bluffs, IA 51503 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Manies, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 545 EP 555 DI 10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00427.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 465AC UT WOS:000170564700004 ER PT J AU Tchoukalova, YD Hausman, DB Angelova, K Hausman, GJ AF Tchoukalova, YD Hausman, DB Angelova, K Hausman, GJ TI Tumor necrosis factor-alpha binding in porcine primary stromal-vascular cell cultures SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE preadipocyte; adipocyte; differentiation; receptor; soluble receptor ID SOLUBLE TNF RECEPTOR; HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PREADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; INTERFERON-GAMMA; HUMAN OBESITY; KAPPA-B; T-CELLS AB The binding characteristics of tumor necrosis factor-a receptors (TNFRs) in primary stromal-vascular cultures from fat tissue of 7-d-old pigs were analyzed. Cells were plated and maintained in 10% fetal bovine serum from day 0 to day 3 and then switched to serum-free medium from day 3 to day 6 to induce lipid filling. On days 3 and 6 of culture, some of the cells were lysed for ligand and immunoblotting and the remainder subjected to competitive and inhibitory-binding assays. Media from day 6 of culture were subjected to ligand and immunoblotting. Competitive binding analysis showed one-site bindings, with IC(50)s in the nanomolar and K(d)s in the picomolar ranges, that were not significantly different at both time-points of measurement. However, the B-max decreased significantly with differentiation. Preincubation with antibody against TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1) or TNF receptor type 2 reduced the specific binding by 95 and 15%, respectively, suggesting a dominating role of TNFR1 in (125)-labeled TNF alpha ((12.5)-TNF alpha) binding. This was further supported by ligand blotting of cell lysates. Ligand and immunoblotting of cell lysates indicated that TNF alpha utilizes both types of surface receptors and their isoforms which were not modified during differentiation. Ligand blotting of media revealed soluble receptors with high M-x implying the formation of multimers. Immunoblotting suggested the presence of both types of TNFRs, but a greater abundance of soluble TNFR1. Also, it indicated the additional formation of smaller oligomers from both types of soluble receptors suggesting higher affinity of larger multimers for I-125-TNF alpha. C1 ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 462KX UT WOS:000170420200008 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Ray, DT Coffelt, TA Nakayama, FS Leake, GS Lorenz, G AF Dierig, DA Ray, DT Coffelt, TA Nakayama, FS Leake, GS Lorenz, G TI Heritability of height, width, resin, rubber, and latex in guayule (Parthenium argentatum) SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE apomixis; genotypic variance; environmental variance; clonally propagated; tissue culture; perennial crop ID POPULATION AB Plant breeding in guayule, a rubber and latex producing plant, has not been as effective as predicted or desired. A surprisingly large amount of variability has been reported in this apomictic crop for traits such as plant height, width, resin, rubber, and latex contents. This study was designed to calculate the proportion of the total measured variability due to the environment and the proportion due to genetic influences within and between three-released germplasm lines. Plant heights were measured at 1, 2 and 3-years-of-age; plant width, and latex contents at 2 and 3-years-of-age; and resin and rubber content at 2-years-of-age. Broad-sense-heritabilities were estimated for each trait and year by dividing the genotypic by the total variance. To estimate the genetic component of the measured variance for each trait, the environment effects (variance from clonally propagated plants) were subtracted from the total variance (variance from open-pollinated (OP) seed propagated plants). In general, the variances of the means for the measured traits were lower in the clonally propagated plants compared with the apomictic OP seed propagated plants. The heritability estimates calculated for each trait differed from year to year. For instance, heritability for plant height was estimated in line AZ-2 to be 0.84 at 1 year of age; 0.47 at 2 years of age; and 0.0 at 3 years of age. These values imply that a large portion of the observed variation in this line is attributed to genetic effects in the first 2 years of growth. As the plant grows over several seasons, the environment effects compound, masking the genetic effects, making effective selection choices more difficult. Heritability for latex content for the same line was estimated to be 0.97 for the second year and 0.55 for the third year. Selections for the measured traits in this study appear to be most effective during the first and second years of growth, with effectiveness diminishing during the third year. Most selections previous to this study were performed between 3 and 5 years of growth, thus suggesting one reason for the lack of significant progress in most breeding programs. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00080-7 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425LW UT WOS:000168292900005 ER PT J AU Foulk, JA Akin, DE Dodd, RB AF Foulk, JA Akin, DE Dodd, RB TI Processing techniques for improving enzyme-retting of flax SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE flax; flax fiber; fiber quality; enzyme-retting; mechanical treatment; pressure treatment; crimping ID PRESSURE AB Information is needed to optimize enzymatic-retting of flax (Linum usitatissmum L.) based on a pectinase-rich mixture and chelators. Seed flax straw from North Dakota in 1998, 'Natasja' fiber flax straw from South Carolina in 1993, 'Ariane' fiber flax straw field-aged and dried from South Carolina in 1999,'Ariane' fiber flax straw shed-dried from South Carolina in 1999, and Canadian seed flax straw in 1997 comprised diverse samples that were subjected to various tests to improve absorption of enzyme formulation by stems or to evaluate clean fiber yield. Mechanical disruption by crimping stems through fluted rollers at about 80 Newtons gave optimum fiber yield in conjunction with enzymatic-retting and was, therefore, used in further tests to evaluate enzyme absorption. Enzyme absorption was increased significantly for uncrimped flax stems with increased pressure of about 310 kPa or with a vacuum around 88 kPa. Increased pressure was effective more than the vacuum treatment. Samples with minimal post harvest handling were affected more by pressure alterations than samples that had considerable disruptions, such as seed Bar straw or field-aged straw. Crimped stems showed little increase in enzyme absorption with alterations in applied pressure. Mechanical treatment of stems by crimping gave the largest increase in enzyme absorption and increased significantly the fiber yields. Based on a variety of sample types, the results suggest that normal atmospheric conditions are satisfactory for penetration of enzyme formulation into crimped stems, and that extraordinary measures are not required to expedite the enzyme-retting process. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. USDA ARS, RB Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Foulk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00081-9 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425LW UT WOS:000168292900006 ER PT J AU Robinson, AF Cook, CG AF Robinson, AF Cook, CG TI Root-knot and reniform nematode reproduction on kenaf and sunn hemp compared with that on nematode resistant and susceptible cotton SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE C. juncea; fiber crop; G. hirsutum; H. cannabinus; M. incognita; R. reniformis; nematode; resistant; susceptible; cotton ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA RACE-3; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; HIBISCUS-CANNABINUS; CULTIVARS; PLANTS AB Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) are industrial fiber crops that are being grown increasingly in areas where cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the major crop. The nematodes causing most cotton yield losses in the USA are the southern root-knot nematode, Meloinogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, and the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira. For nematode management, knowledge about the comparative effects of kenaf, sunn hemp, and cotton on nematode population densities in the soil is important. The objective of this study was to clarify the host status of kenaf and sunn hemp to M. incognita and R. reniformis by directly comparing reproduction of each nematode on each crop with the same nematode's reproduction on nematode-resistant and nematode-susceptible cotton. Comparisons were made in six experiments under growth chamber, microplot, and field conditions. The results showed that sunn hemp is resistant, but not equally resistant to M. incognita and R. reniformis. Reproduction of R. reniformis on sunn hemp was nearly undetectable, whereas reproduction of M. incognita was greater than on resistant cotton (Auburn 623, Auburn 634) and up to 20% of that on susceptible cotton (Deltapine 16, Deltapine 50, or Deltapine 5409). Kenaf was confirmed to elevate populations of M. incognita to levels that devestate cotton, but found to support substantially less reproduction by R. reniformis than cotton does. Two populations of R. reniformis differed substantially in reproduction on kenaf even though the same populations reproduced similarly on cotton. In conclusion, distinguishing M. incognita from R. reniformis is essential to the management of nematodes in rotations involving kenaf, sunn hemp and cotton. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Novartis Seeds Inc, Victoria, TX 77905 USA. RP Robinson, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 249 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00082-0 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 425LW UT WOS:000168292900007 ER PT J AU Davis, GA Edmisten, ED Thomas, RE Rummer, RB Pascoe, DD AF Davis, GA Edmisten, ED Thomas, RE Rummer, RB Pascoe, DD TI Effects of ventilated safety helmets in a hot environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE head protection; heal stress; personal protective equipment; protective headwear; safety helmet; ventilation AB Forest workers are likely to remove head protection in hot and humid conditions because of thermal discomfort. However, a recent Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation revision requires all workers in logging operations to wear safety helmets. thus creating a compliance problem. To determine which factors contribute to forest workers. thermal discomfort, this study evaluated subjects' physiological and psychophysical responses during tasks approximating the workload of forest workers in a high-temperature environment similar to that found in the southeastern United States during the summer. Environmental conditions in the helmet dome space were also evaluated. Three helmets were used in this study: a standard helmet, a passively ventilated helmet, and an actively ventilated helmet. It was found that none of the tested helmets burdened the body significantly for the physiological variables that were examined. Evaluation of the dome space environmental conditions showed that both the dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and wet-bulb temperature (WBT) varied significantly among the helmets tested. Psychophysical results showed that ventilation contributes to greater helmet comfort, and that weight and fit are important factors in helmet design. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Davis, GA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Davis, Gerard/A-7664-2009 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 27 IS 5 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0169-8141(00)00059-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 424GQ UT WOS:000168224800003 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Hatano, K Kroppenstedt, RM Tamura, T AF Labeda, DP Hatano, K Kroppenstedt, RM Tamura, T TI Revival of the genus Lentzea and proposal far Lechevalieria gen. nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudonocardineae; Actinosynnemataceae; Saccharothrix ID SACCHAROTHRIX LABEDA; NOCARDIA AB The genus Saccharothrix is phylogenetically heterogeneous on the basis of analysis of almost complete 16S rDNA sequences. An evaluation of chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological properties in the light of the molecular phylogeny data revealed that several species are misclassified. Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes NRRL B-3298(T) and Saccharothrix flava NRRL B-16131(T) constitute a lineage distinct from Saccharothrix and separate from Lentzea. The genus Lechevalieria gen. nov. is proposed for these species. Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes comb. nov. is the type species and S. flava is transferred as Lechevalieria flava comb. nov. Although Lentzea albidocapillata, the type species of the genus Lentzea, was transferred recently to the genus Saccharothrix, the revival of Lentzea is clearly supported by molecular phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data. The description of the revived genus is emended to include galactose, mannose and traces of ribose as diagnostic whole-cell sugars and MK-9(H-4) as the principal menaquinone and elimination of tuberculostearic acid as a diagnostic component in the fatty acid profile. Saccharothrix waywayandensis NRRL B-16159(T), S. aerocolonigenes NRRL B-16137 and 'Asiosporangium albidum' IFO 16102 are members of the amended genus Lentzea on the basis of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties. S. waywayandensis is transferred to Lentzea as Lentzea waywayandensis comb. nov., while the new species Lentzea californiensis sp. nov. and Lentzea albida sp. nov, are described for S. aerocolonigenes NRRL B-16137 and 'A. albidum' IFO 16102, respectively. Nucleotide signatures in the 16S rDNA sequences are defined that are diagnostic for the genera Lechevalieria, Lentzea and Saccharothrix. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Inst Fermentat, Osaka, Japan. DSMZ Germany Collect Microorganisms & Cell Cultur, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 51 BP 1045 EP 1050 PN 3 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 435UP UT WOS:000168900000040 PM 11411672 ER PT J AU Montano, HG Davis, RE Dally, EL Hogenhout, S Pimentel, JP Brioso, PST AF Montano, HG Davis, RE Dally, EL Hogenhout, S Pimentel, JP Brioso, PST TI ' Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense ', a new phytoplasma taxon associated with hibiscus witches' broom disease SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplasma; classification; 16S rDNA ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; AUSTRALIAN GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; PHYLOGENETIC POSITIONS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; MOLLICUTES; PHYLLODY AB Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a valuable ornamental species widely planted in Brazil. Many plants are affected by witches' broom disease, which is characterized by excessive axillary branching, abnormally small leaves, and deformed flowers, symptoms that are characteristic of diseases attributed to phytoplasmas. A phytoplasma was detected in diseased Hibiscus by amplification of rRNA operon sequences by PCRs, and was characterized by RFLP and nucleotide sequence analyses of 16S rDNA. The collective RFLP patterns of amplified 16S rDNA differed from the patterns described previously for other phytoplasmas. On the basis of the RFLP patterns, the hibiscus witches' broom phytoplasma was classified in a new 16S rRNA RFLP group, designated group 16SrXV. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from this and other phytoplasmas identified the hibiscus witches' broom phytoplasma as a member of a distinct subclade (designated subclade xiv) of the class Mollicutes. A phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences was consistent with the hypothesis that there was divergent evolution of hibiscus witches' broom phytoplasma and its closest relatives (members of 16S rRNA RFLP group 16SrII) from a common ancestor. On the basis of unique properties of the DNA from hibiscus witches' broom phytoplasma, it is proposed that it represents a new taxon, namely 'Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense'. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Programa Biotecnol Vegetal, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Entomol & Fitopatol, BI, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Hogenhout, Saskia/D-9266-2012 NR 39 TC 72 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 51 BP 1109 EP 1118 PN 3 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 435UP UT WOS:000168900000048 PM 11411679 ER PT J AU Curren, MSS King, JW AF Curren, MSS King, JW TI Ethanol-modified subcritical water extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction for determining atrazine in beef kidney SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE subcritical water; pressurized extraction; ASE; matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD); solid-phase microextraction (SPME); triazines; atrazine ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUPERHEATED WATER; HYDROCARBONS; DISPERSION; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES; PRODUCTS; SAMPLES; SOILS AB The determination of the levels of-pesticides in food products has prompted the development of sensitive and rapid methods of analysis that are solvent-free or utilize solvents that are benign;to; the environment and laboratory worker. In this study we have developed a novel extraction method that utilizes ethanol-modified subcritical water in combination with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the removal of atrazine from beef kidney. In situ sample cleanup was achieved using the technique of matrix solid-phase dispersion. A cross-linked polymer, XAD-7 HP, was utilized as a dispersing material for kidney samples. Subcritical water extractions were performed with a pressurized solvent extraction unit at 100 degreesC and 50 atm. Experimental parameters investigated were the volume of solvent and amount of modifier required fog the complete extraction of atrazine and optimization of the extraction time. It was determined that 30% ethanol in water (v/v) is adequate for the complete extraction of atrazine. A Carbowax-divinylbenzene SPME fiber was used to sample the aqueous extracts. Analysis of the fiber contents was by ion-trap GC/MS utilizing the single ion mode. The total time of analysis for a single kidney sample is 90 min; The average parent recoveries from samples spiked to the concentrations of 2 and 0.2 mug/g were 104 and 111, respectively. The average relative standard deviations were 10 and 9, respectively. The method limit of detection for beef kidney spiked with atrazine was found to be 20 ng/g of sample. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Curren, MSS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2175 EP 2180 DI 10.1021/jf0014866 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 436AW UT WOS:000168915200011 PM 11368573 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB AF Reeves, JB TI Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the analysis of poultry manures SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NIRS; poultry manure; ammonia; nitrogen; minerals AB The objective was to evaluate near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for determining the composition of poultry manures. Poultry manure samples were obtained from a commercial testing laboratory along with conventionally determined analyte values for total N, NH4+-N, organic N (computed as total minus NH4+-N), minerals, and moisture. Samples were blended in a food blender and scanned in polyethylene bags on a FOSS-NIRSystems model 6500 scanning monochromator. Initial results indicated that changes had occurred in NH4+-N contents from the time of analysis, and samples were reanalyzed for NH4+-N. Using the new analyses, NIPS was able to accurately determine NH4+-N, organic N, total N, and moisture in 128 poultry manures. Results were more accurate when determinations were made on an "as is" as opposed to dry matter basis. Finally, results indicated that NIPS was not suitable for the determination of minerals (P, K, Ca, etc.) in poultry manures. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2193 EP 2197 DI 10.1021/jf0013961 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 436AW UT WOS:000168915200014 PM 11368576 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Prior, RL AF Ehlenfeldt, MK Prior, RL TI Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues of highbus blueberry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; inheritance ID ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; ASSAY AB Antioxidant capacity, as measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents were evaluated in fruit tissues of 87 highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and species-introgressed highbush blueberry cultivars. ORAC and phenolic levels were evaluated in leaf tissues of the same materials. Average values for ORAC, phenolics, and anthocyanins in fruit were 15.9 ORAC units, 1.79 mg/g (gallic acid equivalents), and 0.95 mg/g (cyanidin-3-glucaside equivalents), respectively. Cv. Rubel had the highest ORAC per gram of fresh weight values, at 31.1 units, and cv. Elliott had the highest values on the basis of ORAC per square centimeter of surface area. In leaf tissue, values for both ORAC and phenolics were significantly higher than in fruit tissue, with mean values of 490 ORAC units and 44.80 mg/g (gallic acid equivalents), respectively Leaf ORAC had a low, but significant, correlation with fruit phenolics and anthocyanins but not with fruit ORAC. An analysis of ORAC values versus calculated midparent values in ii plants from the 87-cultivar group in which all parents were tested suggested that, across cultivars, ORAC inheritance is additive. An investigation of ORAC values in a family of 44 cv. Rubel x Duke seedlings showed negative epistasis for ORAC values, suggesting Rubel may have gene combinations contributing to ORAC that are broken up during hybridization. C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA ARS, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 20 TC 172 Z9 192 U1 4 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2222 EP 2227 DI 10.1021/jf0013656 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 436AW UT WOS:000168915200018 PM 11368580 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Ip, C Lisk, DJ Davis, CD Hintze, KJ Whanger, PD AF Finley, JW Ip, C Lisk, DJ Davis, CD Hintze, KJ Whanger, PD TI Cancer-protective properties of high-selenium broccoli SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE selenium; cancer; broccoli; rat; mammary cancer; colon cancer; broccoli sprouts ID MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; COLON-CANCER; RAT COLON; PREVENTION; CHEMOPREVENTION; EFFICACY; WHEAT; SE AB Selenium (Se) from high-Se garlic reduces the incidence of chemically induced mammary tumors, and Se from high-Se broccoli reduces colon cancer. However, the ability of Se from high-Se broccoli to protect against mammary cancer has not been tested. Also, the sprout form of broccoli contains many secondary plant compounds that are known to reduce cancer risk, but the anticarcinogenic activity of broccoli sprouts has not been investigated. The present studies examined the ability of high-Se broccoli or high-Se broccoli sprouts to protect against chemically induced mammary or colon cancer. In one experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats that consumed diets containing 3.0 mug of Se/g supplied as high-Se broccoli had significantly fewer mammary tumors than rats fed 0.1 mug of Se as selenite with or without the addition of regular broccoli. In the second experiment, Fisher F-344 rats fed 2.0 mug of Se/g of diet supplied as either high-Se broccoli florets or high-Se broccoli sprouts had significantly fewer aberrant colon crypts than rats fed 0.1 or 2 mug of Se/g of diet supplied as selenite with or without the addition of low-Se broccoli. These data demonstrate that the cancer-protective effect of Se in high-Se broccoli extends to mammary cancer and the protective forms of broccoli against colon cancer include high-Se broccoli sprouts. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Expt Pathol, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Fruit & Vegetable Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011; OI Hintze, Korry/0000-0003-0135-0478 NR 33 TC 115 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2679 EP 2683 DI 10.1021/jf0014821 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 436AW UT WOS:000168915200093 PM 11368655 ER PT J AU Finkelman, FD Urban, JF AF Finkelman, FD Urban, JF TI The other side of the coin: The protective role of the T(H)2 cytokines SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE allergy; eosinophil; IgE; IL-3; IL-4; IL-5; IL-9; IL-13; mast cell; worm ID TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS INFECTION; PARASITE TRICHURIS-MURIS; T-CELL SUBSETS; INTERLEUKIN-5 TRANSGENIC MICE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; VIRUS TYPE-I; W-WV MICE; MAST-CELL; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI AB Although T(H)2 cytokine involvement in allergy makes these cytokines attractive therapeutic targets, they protect against ectoparasites and gastrointestinal worms and suppress inflammation induced by T(H)1 cytokines, T(H)2 cytokines induce mastocytosis, eosinophilia, IgE synthesis, and mucus production. Each element of this response protects against some worms; however, different worms are protected against by different elements of the total response. The induction of the entire response by most parasitic worms suggests that it is safer for the immune system to make a stereotyped worm-protective response than to attempt to match a more specific response to a particular worm, In contrast, the reciprocal antagonism between T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines suggests that it is safer for the immune system to Limit immunopathology by suppressing inflammatory effector mechanisms not required for host protection against a particular pathogen class than to make an all-purpose inflammatory response, This, in turn, implies that innate immunity can distinguish different classes of parasites (eg, worms vs protozoa) but has limited ability to distinguish individual parasites within a class (eg, different worms). Although these considerations suggest that T(H)2 cytokine antagonists may increase the risk and severity of worm infections and T(H)1 cytokine-mediated inflammatory disorders, such therapy should be relatively safe if it is restricted to areas in which worm infections are rare and commonsense precautions are taken to minimize the risk of inducing T(H)1 cytokine-related inflammatory disease. C1 Cincinnati VAMC, Res Serv 151, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Finkelman, FD (reprint author), Cincinnati VAMC, Res Serv 151, 3200 Vine St, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI45766, R01 AI44971, R01 AI35987, R21 AI46972] NR 115 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 9 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 107 IS 5 BP 772 EP 780 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 434JX UT WOS:000168812300002 PM 11344341 ER PT J AU Cole, NA Brown, MA Phillips, WA AF Cole, NA Brown, MA Phillips, WA TI Genetic x environment interactions on blood constituents of Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows and calves grazing common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; blood chemistry; Brahman; crossbreeding; festuca; genotype environment interaction ID MILK-PRODUCTION; CATTLE; METABOLITES; CHOLESTEROL; QUACKGRASS; TOXICOSIS; PASTURES; STEERS; COPPER; SERUM AB Over a 2-yr period, effects of genotype and forage on blood metabolites, enzymes, and minerals were determined in Angus, Brahman, Angus x Brahman (sire x dam), and Brahman x Angus cows, and 129 calves from these cows sired by Hereford bulls. Cows and calves continuously grazed either common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected 'Kentucky-31' tall fescue pastures throughout the year. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture in April, August, October (weaning), and November (after 30 d in a feedlot) of each year. Plasma urea N concentrations of cows and calves were affected by forage (P < 0.01) and breed (P < 0.05). Plasma cholesterol and FFA concentrations of cows were affected by forage (P < 0.01) and breed (P < 0.05). In calves, antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were not affected by forage but were affected by breed. Serum inorganic P concentrations of calves and cows were affected by forage (P < 0.05). Serum P concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity of calves were affected by breed (P < 0.05). Calves grazing bermudagrass had higher (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of Fe and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). There was evidence of maternal heterosis for concentrations of free fatty acids, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, Ca, Mg, alkaline phosphatase, ceruloplasmin, Fe, and TIBC. There was evidence of grandmaternal effects for plasma concentrations of urea N, cholesterol, Ca, P, Mg, and alkaline phosphatase. These results suggest that calves and cows grazing tall fescue are generally on a lower plane of nutrition than those grazing bermudagrass and that Brahman x Angus and Angus x Brahman crossbred cows and their calves seen to be more tolerant of the negative effects of tall fescue than the average of their purebred contemporaries. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Cole, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1151 EP 1161 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 432EZ UT WOS:000168680400008 PM 11374533 ER PT J AU Mitlohner, FM Morrow-Tesch, JL Wilson, SC Dailey, JW McGlone, JJ AF Mitlohner, FM Morrow-Tesch, JL Wilson, SC Dailey, JW McGlone, JJ TI Behavioral sampling techniques for feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; cattle; feedlots; sampling techniques AB Continuous observations are an accurate method for behavioral measurements but are difficult to conduct on large numbers of animals because of extensive labor requirements. Thus, we sought to develop methods of behavioral data collection in feedlot cattle production systems that reasonably approximated continuous sampling. Standing, lying, feeding, drinking, and walking behaviors were examined from 224 h of continuous video from 64 heifers. Experiment 1 (n = 24 heifers) compared continuous behavioral sampling techniques (Continuous) with scan sampling using intervals of 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min and time sampling (a technique for the periodic recording of behavior) for the first 10 min out of every 60 min. Means for each scan sampling method did not differ in estimated percentage of duration of behaviors (P > 0.05) from continuous sampling, except for scan sampling with a 60-min interval. Scan sampling with a 60-min interval differed from more frequent scan sampling intervals for all behaviors except lying. Scan sampling with short intervals (1 and 5 min) was correlated highly with Continuous for all behaviors. The longer the scan interval, the lower the correlations, especially for behaviors with short duration. Time sampling was not an accurate technique for measuring the sampled behaviors. Focal animal sampling (using continuous sampling of individuals) indicated that one heifer was representative of the entire pen of 10 animals (Continuous) for all maintenance behaviors except drinking. Scan sampling methods (1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-min intervals) were accurate methods of behavioral sampling for feedlot cattle, but scan intervals of 30 or 60 min were less accurate and less precise. Time sampling was not an accurate method because it overestimated standing and underestimated lying behaviors. Experiment 2 (n = 40 heifers) investigated the number of focal animals required to accurately represent continuous behavioral sampling for all animals. Focal animal sampling was accurate for most behaviors using as few as 1 animal out of 10 but was not an accurate method for drinking behavior unless 40% of the animals in the pen were observed. Estimates of sample sizes needed for experimental protocols are provided. Behavioral means, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation are presented along with estimates of required sample sizes. These results validate accurate, precise, and efficient methods for quantifying feedlot cattle behavior. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Food Technol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP McGlone, JJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Food Technol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 10 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1193 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 432EZ UT WOS:000168680400013 PM 11374538 ER PT J AU Wheeler, TL Cundiff, LV Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Wheeler, TL Cundiff, LV Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M TI Characterization of biological types of cattle (Cycle V): Carcass traits and longissimus palatability SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef breeds; carcass composition; meat quality; palatability; tenderness ID BEEF-CATTLE; MYOSTATIN GENE; QUALITY; BRAHMAN; ANGUS; MEAT; MUTATIONS; GROWTH; HERITABILITIES; PIEDMONTESE AB Carcass(n = 854) and longissimus thoracis palatability (n = 802) traits from F-1 steers obtained from mating Hereford, Angus, and MARC III cows to Hereford or Angus (HA), Tuli (Tu), Boran (Bo), Brahman (Br), Piedmontese (Pm), or Belgian Blue (BB) sires were compared. Data were adjusted to constant age (444 d), carcass weight (333 kg), fat thickness (1.0 cm), fat trim percentage (21%), and marbling (Small(00)) end points. Results presented in this abstract are for age-constant data. Carcasses from BB- and HA-sired steers were heaviest (P < 0.05) and carcasses from Bo- and Tu-sired steers were lightest (P < 0.05). Adjusted fat thickness was greatest (P < 0.05) on carcasses from HA-sired steers and least (P < 0.05) on carcasses from BB- and Pm-sired steers. Numerical USDA yield grades were lowest (P < 0.05) for carcasses from Pm- and BB-sired steers and highest (P < 0.05) for carcasses from HA- and Br-sired steers. Marbling scores were highest (P < 0.05) for carcasses from HA- and Tu-sired steers and lowest (P < 0.05) for carcasses from Br-, BB-, and Pm-sired steers. Longissimus thoracis from carcasses of HA-, Pm-, and Tu-sired steers had the lowest (P < 0.05) 14-d postmortem Warner-Bratzler shear force values. Carcasses from HA-sired steers had longissimus thoracis with the highest (P < 0.05) tenderness ratings at 7 d postmortem. Longissimus thoracis from carcasses of Br- and Bo-sired steers had the highest (P < 0.05) Warner-Bratzler shear forces and the lowest (P < 0.05) tenderness ratings at 7 d postmortem. Adjustment of traits to various slaughter end points resulted in some changes in sire breed differences for carcass traits but had little effect on palatability traits. Carcasses from BB- and Pm-sired steers provided the most desirable combination of yield grade and longissimus palatability, but carcasses from HA-cross steers provided the most desirable combination of quality grade and longissimus palatability. Tuli, a breed shown to be heat-tolerant, had longissimus tenderness similar to that of the non-heat-tolerant breeds and more tender longissimus than the heat-tolerant breeds in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 32 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1222 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 432EZ UT WOS:000168680400016 PM 11374541 ER PT J AU Ferrell, CL Freetly, HC Goetsch, AL Kreikemeier, KK AF Ferrell, CL Freetly, HC Goetsch, AL Kreikemeier, KK TI The effect of dietary nitrogen and protein on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen flux across the portal-drained viscera and liver of sheep consuming high-concentrate diets ad libitum SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE maize; protein digestibility; rumen digestion; soybean oilmeal; urea; wethers ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; LOW-QUALITY FORAGE; SOYBEAN-MEAL; ALFALFA HAY; BLOOD MEAL; NET FLUX; STEERS; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE; LACTATE AB Our objectives were to determine the influences of supplemental nonprotein N or protein on feed intake, digestibility, and postabsorptive N metabolism in sheep fed a high-concentrate diet for ad libitum consumption. Nine Romanov-sired, crossbred wethers (13 mo old; 52 kg) were fitted with catheters in a mesenteric artery, mesenteric vein, portal vein, and hepatic vein. Wethers consumed a 95% concentrate diet ad libitum. Treatments consisted of control (no supplemental N; 6.6% CP) or supplemental urea (11.4% CP), soybean meal (SBM; 11.2% CP) or ruminally undegradable protein (BFM;: 11.2% CP; 50:50 blood meal and feather meal). Intake or apparently digested intake of DM, OM, and energy:did not differ between control and N-supplemented (P > 0.40), or between urea- and protein-supplemented (P > 0.40), but were greater (P < 0.05) in SBM-than in BFM-supplemented wethers. Intake and apparently digested intake of N were less (P < 0.01) in wethers fed the control diet than in those receiving N supplementation but were less (P = 0.03) in BFM- than in SBM-supplemented wethers. Neither portal nor hepatic venous blood flows differed (P > 0.15) among treatments. Net portal release and hepatic uptake of alpha -amino N and ammonia N and hepatic release of urea N were greater (P < 0.05) in wethers supplemented with N than in controls, but portal-drained viscera (PDV) uptake of urea N did not differ (P > 0.40) among diets. Splanchnic release of alpha -amino N and ammonia N did not differ from 0 or among diets (P > 0.10), but net release of urea N was less (P = 0.05) for control than for sheep receiving N supplementation. No differences (P > 0.10) in blood concentration within vessel or net; flux across PDV, hepatic, or splanchnic tissues of alpha -amino N, ammonia N, or urea N were observed among wethers receiving supplemental N. Net uptake of oxygen by the PDV did not differ among diets, but hepatic uptake was less (P < 0.05) in control and urea-supplemented sheep than in sheep receiving SBM or BFM. These observations suggest that the source of supplemental N had no large effects on the overall N economy of the animals used in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ferrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1322 EP 1328 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 432EZ UT WOS:000168680400029 PM 11374554 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Goodall, MJ Hurley, JC Yoder, CA Miller, LA AF Johnston, JJ Goodall, MJ Hurley, JC Yoder, CA Miller, LA TI Determination of DiazaCon in quail feed and quail serum by ion pair reversed-phase chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERYL ESTERS; PLASMA AB Liquid chromatographic (LC) methods were developed for quantitating the potential avian contraceptive DiazaCon in quail feed and serum. DiazaCon was extracted from ground quail feed with basic n-butyl chloride. The n-butyl chloride extract was evaporated to dryness. The DiazaCon residues were dissolved in an aqueous methanolic ion pairing solution and quantitated by LC at 206 nm. Avian sera was combined with an equal volume of a pH 4 aqueous solution of ion pairing reagent and filtered to remove interfering proteins. DiazaCon was quantitated by LC. Mean recoveries for 500 and 2000 ppm fortified feed were 89.1 and 91.0%, respectively. The mean recovery for sera fortified at 5 levels ranging from 35 to 2000 ppm was 84.9%, Method limits of detection were approximately 14 and 13 ppm for feed and sera, respectively. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Analyt Chem Project, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Biotechnol Project, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Analyt Chem Project, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 3 BP 634 EP 639 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 442DY UT WOS:000169271000004 PM 11417624 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Johansson, AS Giesbrecht, FG Trucksess, MW AF Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Johansson, AS Giesbrecht, FG Trucksess, MW TI Distribution among sample test results when testing shelled corn lots for fumonisin SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID AFLATOXIN; PEANUTS AB The statistical distribution known as the compound gamma function was studied for suitability in describing the distribution of sample test results associated with testing lots of shelled corn for fumonisin, Thirty-two 1.1 kg test samples were taken from each of 16 contaminated lots of shelled corn. An observed distribution consisted of 32 sample fumonisin test results for each lot. The mean fumonisin concentration, c, and the variance, s(2), among the 32 sample fumonisin test results along with the parameters for the compound gamma function were determined for each of the 16 observed distributions. The 16 observed distributions of sample fumonisin test results were compared with the compound gamma function using the Power Divergence test, The null hypothesis that the observed distribution could have resulted from sampling a family of compound gamma distributions was not rejected at the 5% significance level for 15 of the 16 lots studied, Parameters of the compound gamma distribution were calculated from the 32-fumonisin sample test results using the method of moments. Using regression analysis, equations were developed that related the parameters of the compound gamma distribution to fumonisin concentration and the variance associated with a fumonisin test procedure. An operating characteristic curve was developed for a fumonisin sampling plan to demonstrate the use of the compound gamma function. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mycotoxin Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 3 BP 770 EP 776 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 442DY UT WOS:000169271000021 PM 11417641 ER PT J AU LaCroix, DE Wolf, WR Porter, E Cantellops, D Chase, GW Woollard, D AF LaCroix, DE Wolf, WR Porter, E Cantellops, D Chase, GW Woollard, D TI Determination of niacin in infant formula by solid-phase extraction and anion-exchange liquid chromatography - PVM 1:2000 SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FORTIFIED FOOD-PRODUCTS; ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY; ERROR; HPLC AB A peer-verified, solid-phase extraction (SPE)/anion exchange liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of niacin in milk-based and soy-based infant formula. Analysis is in 3 steps: test sample digestion, extraction/cleanup, and liquid chromatography (LC). Digestion uses standard AOAC digestion procedure that involves autoclaving at 121 degreesC for 45 min in (1 + 1) H2SO4 to free endogenous niacin from protein and to convert added niacinamide to niacin. The digest solution is adjusted to pH 6.5 with 7.5M NaOH. Acidification to pH <1.0 with (1 + 1) H2SO4 precipitates the protein. The clarified solution is then filtered, and the filtrate is brought to volume. SPE of niacin is accomplished by passing an aliquot of the digest solution through an aromatic sulfonic acid-SPE (ArSCX-SPE) column. After the column is washed with methanol and water to remove extraneous material, the niacin is eluted with 0.25M sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer at pH 5.6. An an- ion-exchange polystyrene-divinylbenzene column with 0. 1 M sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer at pH 4.0 is used for LC. Niacin is determined by UV detection at 260 nm. A standard curve is prepared by passing known amounts of niacin through the ArSCX-SPE columns used for niacin extraction. The following values for x and relative standard deviation (RSD) were obtained for National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 1846 Infant Formula with a certified value for niacin of 63.3 +/- 7.6 mug/g: Submitting laboratory.-x = 59.7 +/- 4.0 mug/g RSD = >6.7%; confidence interval (CI) = +/- 1.4 mug/g; n = 27. Peer laboratory.-x = 56.6 +/- 6.6 mug/g; RSD = > 11.7%; CI = +/- 4.1 mug/g; n = 8. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP LaCroix, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 3 BP 789 EP 804 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 442DY UT WOS:000169271000024 PM 11417644 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Sanchez, G Sanz-Berzosa, I Casana-Giner, V Primo-Yufera, E AF Hernandez-Sanchez, G Sanz-Berzosa, I Casana-Giner, V Primo-Yufera, E TI Attractiveness for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Dipt., Tephritidae) of mango (Mangifera indica, cv. Tommy Atkins) airborne terpenes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; COFFEE FRUIT; VOLATILE; COMPONENTS; FLIES; ODOR AB The airborne volatiles of the Tommy Atkins cultivar of mango (Mangifera indica L.), a fruit frequently damaged by Ceratitis capitata, were analysed by aeration of fresh fruits, adsorption and thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ethanol and acetic acid were identified as the major components, together with longifolene, which has not been described before in the mango aroma and other terpenes (alpha -pinene, 3-carene, p-cymene, limonene and alpha -terpinolene). The attractiveness of the identified terpenes for C. capitata was tested in laboratory cages and the results showed that p-cymene and limonene were the best terpene attractants for both males and females. C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Tecnol Quim, CSIC, Valencia 46022, Spain. ARS, USDA, PSI,Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RP Primo-Yufera, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Tecnol Quim, CSIC, Avd Los Naranjos S-N, Valencia 46022, Spain. OI Casana-Giner, Victor/0000-0002-8252-2608 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 189 EP 192 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 448WX UT WOS:000169653900004 ER PT J AU Staub, NC Longworth, KE Serikov, V Jerome, EH Elsasser, T AF Staub, NC Longworth, KE Serikov, V Jerome, EH Elsasser, T TI Detergent inhibits 70-90% of responses to intravenous endotoxin in awake sheep SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE systemic inflammatory response syndrome; septicemia; acute lung injury; lung lymph protein clearance; sheep tumor necrosis factor; leukocyte sequestration; tyloxapol ID PULMONARY INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; ANESTHETIZED SHEEP; MECHANISMS; ENDOCYTOSIS; DEPLETION; EFFICACY; NEWBORN; BINDING AB Sheep have reactive pulmonary intravascular macrophages, which are essential for the marked pulmonary vascular response to infusions of small quantities of endotoxin. In another species with reactive pulmonary intravascular macrophages, horses, our laboratory found that an intravenous biosafe detergent, tyloxapol, inhibited some systemic and pulmonary responses to endotoxin (Longworth KE, Smith BL, Staub NC, Steffey EP, and Serikov V. Am J Vet Res 57: 1063-1066, 1996). We determined whether the same detergent would inhibit endotoxin responses in awake sheep. In 10 awake, instrumented sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulas, we did a control experiment by intravenously infusing 1 mug/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin. One week later, we gave 40 mu mol/kg tyloxapol intravenously 1-4 h before infusing the same dose of endotoxin. In these paired studies, we compared pulmonary hemodynamics, lung lymph dynamics, body temperature, circulating leukocyte concentrations, and circulating tumor necrosis factor for 6 h. In all 10 sheep, tyloxapol blocked 80-90% of the pulmonary responses and 70-90% of the systemic responses. Tyloxapol is safe, inexpensive, easy to use, and effective immediately. It may be a clinically useful approach to contravening many of the effects of endotoxemia, in humans as well as animals. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Staub, NC (reprint author), Box 965, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1788 EP 1797 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 424HV UT WOS:000168227600021 PM 11299269 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Sowa, S AF Booth, DT Sowa, S TI Respiration in dormant and non-dormant bitterbrush seeds SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE dormancy; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; photo-acoustic spectroscopy AB Bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata dc.) seed dormancy is not understood but may result from a metabolic block by a chemical inhibitor. To determine whether dormancy affects seed respiration, we compared CO2, evolution from individual imbibed dormant and non-dormant seeds and from germinating seeds, using Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. We found CO2, evolution did not differ between dormant and non-dormant seeds, and that it accelerated with germination and growth. Our results are in agreement with other studies indicating that dormant seeds respire. We conclude that high respiration rates in dormant bitterbrush seeds can decrease seedling vigor, and we recommend bitterbrush be sown when soil temperatures are cool enough to prevent significant losses of respiratory substrate from imbibed-dormant seeds. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1006/jare.2000.0737 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 426MN UT WOS:000168353100004 ER PT J AU Nitao, JK Meyer, SLF Schmidt, WF Fettinger, JC Chitwood, DJ AF Nitao, JK Meyer, SLF Schmidt, WF Fettinger, JC Chitwood, DJ TI Nematode-antagonistic trichothecenes from Fusarium equiseti SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium equiseti; fungus; Meloidogyne incognita; root-knot nematode; trichothecene; nematicide; 4,15-diacetoxy-12,13-epoxy-3,7-dihydroxytrichothec-9-en-8-one; 4,15-diacetoxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-3-ol; 4,15-diacetylnivalenol; diacetoxyscirpenol ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; FUNGI; MYCOTOXINS AB A strain of the fungus Fusarium equiseti isolated from soybean cyst nematode secretes nematode-antagonistic compounds. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of the culture broth was undertaken to identify the compounds. Fractions were assayed for activity against a root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), a plant pathogen that attacks the roots of numerous plant species. Two trichothecene compounds were isolated that inhibited egg hatch and immobilized second-stage juveniles of this nematode: 4,15-diacetoxy-12,13-epoxy-3,7-dihydroxytrichothec-9-en-8-one (4,15-diacetylnivalenol) and 4,15-diacetoxy-12,13-epoxy-trichothec-9-en-3-ol (diacetoxyscirpenol). This is the first published report of these compounds affecting plant-parasitic nematodes. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nitao, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 011A,Rm 165B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 27 IS 5 BP 859 EP 869 DI 10.1023/A:1010390200571 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450UR UT WOS:000169763700001 PM 11471940 ER PT J AU Lahav, S Soroker, V Vander Meer, RK Hefetz, A AF Lahav, S Soroker, V Vander Meer, RK Hefetz, A TI Segregation of colony odor in the desert ant Cataglyphis niger SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbons; Cataglyphys niger; nestmate recognition; post-pharyngeal gland; gestalt ID RETICULITERMES-LUCIFUGUS GRASSEI; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBON PATTERNS; CAMPONOTUS-VAGUS SCOP; NESTMATE RECOGNITION; POSTPHARYNGEAL GLAND; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; IBERICA; SANTONENSIS; DYNAMICS AB There are two separate, and presumably opposing, processes that affect colony odor in the desert ant Cataglyphis niger: (1) biosynthesis and turnover of these chemicals by individual ants, and (2) homogenization of colony odor through exchange of cues. The first increases signal variability; the latter decreases it. The impact of these factors was tested by splitting colonies and monitoring the profile changes occurring in the postpharyngeal glands (PPG) and cuticular hydrocarbons. From each of two polygynous nests four daughter colonies were formed, three monogynous and one queenless. Thereafter, 10 ants from each were randomly selected each month, for three successive months, for analyses of their PPG and cuticular hydrocarbons. From two colonies we also obtained ants from a known matriline. Over time, there was a shift in hydrocarbon profiles of both the PPG and cuticular washes in each of the tested colonies. Moreover, by subjecting selected hydrocarbon constituents to a discriminant analyses based on their relative proportions, all of the daughter colonies (queenright and queenless) were distinguishable from each other and from their respective mother colonies. In each of the queenright daughter colonies, the queen profile was indiscriminable from that of the workers and often was in the center of the group. Full sisters were clearly distinguishable from their nestmates, emphasizing the genetic versus environmental processes that govern colony odor. The effect of time was always superior to the separation effect in contributing to odor segregation. Comparison of the Mahalanobis distances indicated that the shift in hydrocarbon seems to proceed along parallel lines rather than in divergence. However, there was no overt aggression between ants that originated from the different subgroups in dyadic encounters. It appears that in this species a three-month separation period is not sufficient to change the hydrocarbon profile beyond the recognition threshold. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Hefetz, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. RI Hefetz, Abraham/I-3853-2015 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 27 IS 5 BP 927 EP 943 DI 10.1023/A:1010382919227 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450UR UT WOS:000169763700006 PM 11471945 ER PT J AU Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE AF Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE TI Nutshells as granular activated carbons: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE granular activated carbons; nutshells; carbon dioxide activation ID ESTIMATED COST; ALMOND SHELLS; ACID AB Nutshells from seven different sources (pistachio, hazelnut, almond, black walnut, English walnut, macadamia nut, pecan) were converted to granular activated carbons (GACs) by carbon dioxide activation. A portion of the GACs were oxidized with compressed air and the physical (yield, surface area, attrition), chemical (pH, surface charge) and adsorptive (organics uptake, metal ion uptake) properties of both oxidized and non-oxidized carbons were determined. Differences in uptake of organics, especially of polar compounds, were found between GACs made from almond shells, the group consisting of black walnut shells, English. walnut shells and pecan shells, and macadamia nutshells. Oxidation had its greatest effects on pH, surface charge and uptake of metal ions. The changes due to oxidation were found to be independent of carbon source material. GACs with specific properties can be produced with judicious selection of carbon precursor and oxidative treatment. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Wartelle, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 76 IS 5 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1002/jctb.408 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 428TP UT WOS:000168477000001 ER PT J AU Pensabene, JW Lehotay, SJ Fiddler, W AF Pensabene, JW Lehotay, SJ Fiddler, W TI Method for the analysis of thyreostats in meat tissue using gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection and tandem mass spectrometric confirmation SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESIDUES; DRUGS; EGGS C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 195 EP 199 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 441VQ UT WOS:000169250600005 PM 11348029 ER PT J AU Imanishi, Y Hosokawa, Y Yoshimoto, K Schipani, E Mallya, S Papanikolaou, A Kifor, O Tokura, T Sablosky, M Ledgard, F Gronowicz, G Wang, TC Schmidt, EV Hall, C Brown, EM Bronson, R Arnold, A AF Imanishi, Y Hosokawa, Y Yoshimoto, K Schipani, E Mallya, S Papanikolaou, A Kifor, O Tokura, T Sablosky, M Ledgard, F Gronowicz, G Wang, TC Schmidt, EV Hall, C Brown, EM Bronson, R Arnold, A TI Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid-targeted overexpression of cyclin D1 in transgenic mice SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID FAMILIAL HYPOCALCIURIC HYPERCALCEMIA; NEONATAL SEVERE HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; CA2+-SENSING RECEPTOR GENE; CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; ADENOMAS; HORMONE; TISSUE; TUMORS; CELLS AB The relationship between abnormal cell proliferation and aberrant control of hormonal secretion is a fundamental and poorly understood issue in endocrine cell neoplasia. Transgenic mice with parathyroid-targeted overexpression of the cyclin D1 oncogene, modeling a gene rearrangement found in human tumors, were created to determine whether a primary defect in this cell-cycle regulator can cause an abnormal relationship between serum calcium and parathyroid hormone response, as is typical of human primary hyperparathyroidism. We also sought to develop an animal model of hyperparathyroidism and to examine directly cyclin Dl's role in parathyroid tumorigenesis, Parathyroid hormone gene regulatory region-cyclin D1 (PTH-cyclin D1) mice not only developed abnormal parathyroid cell proliferation, but also developed chronic biochemical hyperparathyroidism with characteristic abnormalities in bone and, notably, a shift in the relationship between serum calcium and PTH, Thus, this animal model of human primary hyperparathyroidism provides direct experimental evidence that overexpression of the cyclin D1 oncogene can drive excessive parathyroid cell proliferation and that this proliferative defect need not occur solely as a downstream consequence of a defect in parathyroid hormone secretory control by serum calcium, as had been hypothesized. Instead, primary deregulation of cell-growth pathways carl cause both the hypercellularity and abnormal control of hormonal secretion that are almost inevitably linked together in this common disorder. C1 Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Med, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM aarnold@nso2.uchc.edu OI Gronowicz, Gloria/0000-0001-7158-3598 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-38933, P01 AR038933]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-11794, DK-48330, DK-52005, P01 DK011794, R01 DK048330, R01 DK052005] NR 40 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 EI 1558-8238 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 107 IS 9 BP 1093 EP 1102 DI 10.1172/JCI10523 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 430FT UT WOS:000168564400009 PM 11342573 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Kanneganti, VR Massingill, LJ Wiltbank, MC Walgenbach, RP Satter, LD AF Wu, Z Kanneganti, VR Massingill, LJ Wiltbank, MC Walgenbach, RP Satter, LD TI Milk production of fall-calving dairy cows during summer grazing of grass or grass-clover pasture SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pasture; grass; clover; milk production ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRIENT DIGESTION; LACTATING COWS; RUMEN FILL; PERFORMANCE; DEGRADATION; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; SHEEP AB Milk production of fall-calving dairy cows during subsequent summer grazing was evaluated in two consecutive years using a total of 80 mid- to late-lactation Holsteins. Cows calved during September and October and grazed from April to August in the following year. In yr 1, 27 cows grazed a native grass pasture and 13 cows grazed a native grass-clover mixed pasture containing 26% red clover and white clover. In yr 2, 40 cows grazed native grass pasture as one group. Also, cows in yr 2 were administered bovine somatotropin, whereas in yr 1, no bST was used. Grazing cows also were fed concentrate supplements at 6.2 kg/d of dry matter (DM) in yr 1 and 7.9 kg/d of DM in yr 2 to provide 35 to 40% of total intake. Average daily milk during the grazing period decreased 3.6 kg in yr 1 and 7.7 kg in yr 2 when compared with milk yield extrapolated from the lactation curve established 10 wk before being turned out to pasture. Estimated DM intake during grazing was also less than what would have been expected had cows continued on a total mixed ration in confinement. Cows grazing the mixed pasture of grass and clover yielded 1.3 kg/d more milk than those grazing the grass pasture in yr 1. A decrease in milk resulting from the change from total mixed ration fed in confinement to grazing supplemented with concentrates was not avoided with these mid- to late-lactation cows, but the cumulative loss over the lactation was less than with early lactation cows in a companion study. Clover enhances the grazing value of pasture when grown with grasses. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Satter, LD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lsatter@dfrc.wisc.edu RI Wiltbank, Milo/B-1506-2010 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1166 EP 1173 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 433CJ UT WOS:000168737500020 PM 11384043 ER PT J AU Chan, ASK Parkin, TB AF Chan, ASK Parkin, TB TI Effect of land use on methane flux from soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE FOREST SOILS; COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GRASSLAND SOILS; N2O FLUXES; OXIDATION; CH4; FERTILIZATION AB The precise effects of natural and disturbed terrestrial systems on the atmospheric CH4 pool are uncertain. This study was conducted to quantify and compare CH4 fluxes from a variety of ecosystems in central Iowa. We investigated agricultural systems under different management practices, a hardwood forest site, native and restored prairies, and a municipal landfill. Flux measurements were obtained using a closed-chamber method, and measurements were compiled by sampling over the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. In 1993, most of the agricultural sites were net CH4 producers with cumulative CH4 fluxes ranging from -0.02 to 3.19 g m(-2) over the 258-d sampling season, while the natural ecosystems were net CH4 consumers, with cumulative seasonal fluxes ranging from -0.27 to -0.07 g m(-2) 258 d(-1). In 1994, only the landfill and the agricultural site treated,vith broadcast liquid swine manure (LSM) were net CH producers, while the remainder of the natural and agricultural ecosystems were net CH4 consumers, with mean seasonal nux rates ranging from -0.43 to -0.008 g m(-2) 271 d(-1). We hypothesize that the differences in CH4 fluxes between the two years are due to differences in rainfall. To illustrate the integration between land use and CH4 flux, we computed an area-weighted soil CH4 flux for the state of Iowa. Our calculations yielded a net average soil CH4 flux of 139 000 Mg CH4 for 1993 and 1993. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM parkin@nstl.gov NR 56 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 786 EP 797 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445KA UT WOS:000169455600011 PM 11401268 ER PT J AU Chung, SW Gassman, PW Huggins, DR Randall, GW AF Chung, SW Gassman, PW Huggins, DR Randall, GW TI EPIC tile flow and nitrate loss predictions for three Minnesota cropping systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WINTER-WHEAT; SIMULATION; MODEL; DRAINAGE; EROSION; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB Subsurface tile drains are a key source of nitrate N (NO3-N) losses to streams in parts of the north central USA. In this study, the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was evaluated by comparing measured vs. predicted tile now, tile NO3-N loss, soil profile residual NO3-N, crop N uptake, and yield, using 4 yr of data collected at a site near Lamberton, MN, for three crop rotations: continuous corn (Zea mays L.) or CC, corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] or CS, and continuous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or CA. Initially, EPIC was run using standard Soil Conservation Service (SCS) runoff curve numbers (CN2) for CC and CS; monthly variations were accurately tracked for tile now (r(2) = 0.86 and 0.90) and NO3-N loss (r2 = 0.69 and 0.52). However, average annual CC and CS tile flows were underpredicted by -32 and -34%, and corresponding annual NO3-N losses were underpredicted by -11 and -52%. Predicted average annual tile flows and NO3-N losses; generally improved following calibration of the CN2; tile now underpredictions were -9 and -12%, whereas NO3-N losses were 0.6 and -54%. Adjusting a N parameter further improved predicted CS NO3-N losses. Predicted monthly tile flows and NO3-N losses for the CA simulation compared poorly with observed values (r2 values of 0.27 and 0.19); the annual drainage volumes and N losses were of similar magnitude to those measured. Overall, EPIC replicated the relative impacts of the three cropping systems on N fate. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Korean Water Resources Corp, Taejon, South Korea. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, So Res & Outreach Stn, Waseca, MN 56093 USA. RP Gassman, PW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 822 EP 830 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445KA UT WOS:000169455600014 PM 11401271 ER PT J AU Zhao, SL Gupta, SC Huggins, DR Moncrief, JF AF Zhao, SL Gupta, SC Huggins, DR Moncrief, JF TI Tillage and nutrient source effects on surface and subsurface water quality at corn planting SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TILE DRAINAGE; MANURE APPLICATION; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; DAIRY MANURE; NITRATE; RUNOFF; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; NITROGEN; SEDIMENT AB This study quantified the effects of tillage (moldboard plowing [MP], ridge tillage [RT]) and nutrient source (manure and commercial fertilizer [urea and triple superphosphate]) on sediment, NH4+-N, NO3--N, total P, particulate P, and soluble P losses in surface runoff and subsurface tile drainage from a clay loam soil. Treatment effects were evaluated using simulated rainfall immediately after corn (Zea mays L.) planting, the most vulnerable period for soil erosion and water quality degradation. Sediment, total P, soluble P, and NH4+-N losses mainly occurred in surface runoff. The NO3--N losses primarily occurred in subsurface tile drainage. In combined (surface and subsurface) now, the MP treatment resulted in nearly two times greater sediment loss than RT (P < 0.01). Ridge tillage,vith urea lost at least 11 times more MH4+-N than any other treatment (P < 0.01). Ridge tillage with manure also had the most total and soluble P losses of all treatments (P < 0.01). If all water quality parameters were equally important, then moldboard plow with manure would result in least water quality degradation of the combined now followed by moldboard plow with urea or ridge tillage with urea (equivalent losses) and ridge tillage with manure. Tillage systems that do not incorporate surface residue and amendments appear to be more vulnerable to soluble nutrient losses mainly in surface runoff but also in subsurface drainage (due to macropore nov). Tillage systems that thoroughly mix residue and amendments in surface soil appear to be more prone to sediment and sediment associated nutrient (particulate P) losses via surface runoff. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gupta, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 44 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 998 EP 1008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445KA UT WOS:000169455600034 PM 11401291 ER PT J AU Westermann, DT Bjorneberg, DL Aase, JK Robbins, CW AF Westermann, DT Bjorneberg, DL Aase, JK Robbins, CW TI Phosphorus losses in furrow irrigation runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SORPTION AB Phosphorus (P) often limits the eutrophication of streams, rivers, and lakes receiving surface runoff. We evaluated the relationships among select ed soil P availability indices and runoff P fractions where manure, whey, or commercial fertilizer applications had previously established a range of soil P availabilities on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) surface-irrigated with Snake River water. Water-soluble P, Olsen P (inorganic and organic P), and iron-oxide impregnated paper-extractable P (FeO-P-s) were determined on a 0.03-m soil sample taken from the bottom of each furrow before each irrigation in fall 1998 and spring 1999. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in a 0.45-mum filtered runoff sample, and iron-oxide impregnated paper-extractable P (FeO-P-w), total P, and sediment in an unfiltered runoff sample were determined at selected intervals during a 4-h irrigation on 18.3-m field plots. The 1998 and 1999 data sets were combined because there were no significant differences. Flow-weighted average runoff DRP and FeO-P-w concentrations increased linearly as all three soil P test concentrations increased. The average runoff total P concentration was not related to any soil P test but was linearly related to sediment concentration. Stepwise regression selected the independent variables of sediment, soil lime concentration, and soil organic P extracted by the Olsen method as related to average runoff total P concentration. The average runoff total P concentration was 1.08 mg L-1 at a soil Olsen P concentration of 10 mg kg(-1). Soil erosion control will be necessary to reduce P losses in surface irrigation runoff. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Westermann, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1009 EP 1015 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445KA UT WOS:000169455600035 PM 11401247 ER PT J AU Seuntjens, P Tirez, K Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT Cornelis, C Geuzens, P AF Seuntjens, P Tirez, K Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT Cornelis, C Geuzens, P TI Aging effects on cadmium transport in undisturbed contaminated sandy soil columns SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; NONEQUILIBRIUM TRANSPORT; AGGREGATED OXISOL; FLOW MECHANISM; MASS-TRANSFER; POROUS-MEDIA; SORPTION; SCALE; TIME; EXCHANGE AB Limited information is available on the effects of contaminant aging (i.e., the contact time of Cd with the soil) on Cd transport in soils. We conducted displacement experiments in which indigenous Cd and freshly applied Cd were leached simultaneously from undisturbed samples of three Spodosol horizons. Sorption of Cd was described using Freundlich isotherms, whereas transport was described as a convection-dispersion process. Parameter optimization analysis using a mobile-immobile transport model applied to nonsorbing tracer displacement data showed that 16 to 22% of the water in the columns was immobile. The low dimensionless mass transfer coefficients in the mobile-immobile model were indicative of diffusion-limited transfer between mobile and immobile water, and hence physical nonequilibrium. A two-site kinetic sorption model could be fitted closely to breakthrough curves of the non-aged Cd for three soil horizons. No conclusive evidence was found that contaminant aging in soil affects cadmium transport. On the one hand, predictions of aged Cd leaching, using parameters estimated from displacement experiments with non-aged Cd, differed from those for the aged Cd in the E horizon. On the other hand, no meaningful differences in transport behavior be tween aged and non-aged Cd mere found for the humus Bh and Bh/C horizons. The two site kinetic rate coefficient alpha (c) was found to depend on water flux, further indicating that mass transfer between sorption sites and the liquid is limited by diffusion rather than by kinetic sorption. C1 Flemish Inst Technol Res, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Seuntjens, P (reprint author), Flemish Inst Technol Res, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 43 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1040 EP 1050 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445KA UT WOS:000169455600039 PM 11401251 ER PT J AU Fuentes, SI Allen, DJ Ortiz-Lopez, A Hernandez, G AF Fuentes, SI Allen, DJ Ortiz-Lopez, A Hernandez, G TI Over-expression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase increases photosynthesis and growth at low nitrogen concentrations SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE GS1; tobacco; Nicotiana tabacum; transgenic; ammonia assimilation ID AMMONIA ASSIMILATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; LEAF SENESCENCE; MESSENGER-RNA; RICE PLANTS; GENES; TOBACCO; LEAVES; INACTIVATION AB Nitrogen, which is a major limiting nutrient for plant growth, is assimilated as ammonium by the concerted action of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT), GS catalyses the critical incorporation of inorganic ammonium into the amino acid glutamine. Two types of GS isozymes, located in the cytosol (GS(1)) and in the chloroplast (GS(2)) have been identified in plants. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transformants, over-expressing GS(1) driven by the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter were analysed. GS in leaves of GS-5 and GS-8 plants was up-regulated, at the level of RNA and proteins. These transgenic plants had six times higher leaf GS activity than controls. Under optimum nitrogen fertilization conditions there was no effect of GS over-expression on photosynthesis or growth. However, under nitrogen starvation the GS transgenics had c, 70% higher shoot and c, 100% greater root dry weight as well as 50% more leaf area than low nitrogen controls. This was achieved by the maintenance of photosynthesis at rates indistinguishable from plants under high nitrogen, while photosynthesis in control plants was inhibited by 40-50% by nitrogen deprivation. It was demonstrated that manipulation of GS activity has the potential to maintain crop photosynthetic productivity while reducing nitrogen fertilization and the concomitant pollution. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Fijac Nitrogeno, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Fijac Nitrogeno, Apartado Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. EM gina@cifn.unam.mx OI Allen, Damian/0000-0002-9338-9531 NR 53 TC 86 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 52 IS 358 BP 1071 EP 1081 DI 10.1093/jexbot/52.358.1071 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 449TN UT WOS:000169703400019 PM 11432923 ER PT J AU Bryant, RJ Rao, DR AF Bryant, RJ Rao, DR TI Purification and characterization of alpha-galactosidase from peanuts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN; SEEDS AB Alpha-galactosidase was characterized in two peanuts market types, Runner anti Spanish. The enzyme was purified 54 fold using ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography and Size Exclusion High-performance Liquid Chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the enzyme has a molecular weight of 30, 000 Da, and isoelectric focusing showed a pi of 5.2. The optimum temperature and pH were 50C and 6.0, respectively. The enzyme had a K-m of 0.221 mM when rho -nitrophenyl alpha -D-galactopyranoside (PNPG) was used as a substrate and 80.8 mM when raffinose was a substrate. Raffinose and galactose were found to be competitive inhibitors when PNPG was the substrate; Ki values were 25.4 and 189, respectively. The enzyme was very sensitive to Hg++, Ag++ and to a lesser extent to Cu++. However, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid did not have an effect indicating no requirement for cations. The two peanut types tested showed identical enzyme activities. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food Sci & Anim Ind, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Bryant, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 287, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8884 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 25 IS 2 BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2001.tb00730.x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA 435XJ UT WOS:000168907200005 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA Sommers, CH Boyd, G AF Niemira, BA Sommers, CH Boyd, G TI Irradiation inactivation of four Salmonella serotypes in orange juices with various turbidities SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTBREAK AB Reconstituted orange juice inoculated with Salmonella Anatum, Salmonella Infantis, Salmonella Newport, or Salmonella Stanley was treated with gamma radiation at 2 degreesC. To determine the relationship between juice antioxidant power and D gamma (dose required to achieve 90% mortality), juice solids were removed prior to inoculation by centrifugation and/or filtration to create juice preparations of varying turbidity. Ln unadulterated orange juice, Salmonella Anatum (D-gamma = 0.71 kGy) was significantly more resistant than the other species tested. Salmonella Newport (D gamma = 0.48 kGy) and Salmonella Infantis (D gamma = 0.35 kGy) were significantly different, while Salmonella Stanley (D gamma = 0.38 kCy) was intermediate between the two. Neither the resistance of each isolate nor the pattern of relative resistance among isolates was altered in reduced turbidity juice preparations. Although total antioxidant power was associated with the level of juice solids resuspended in phosphate buffer, antioxidant power was not significantly associated with turbidity in the juice preparations or with D, of any species. The variable resistance to irradiation of the Salmonella isolates suggests this as a more significant factor than turbidity or antioxidant power in designing antimicrobial juice irradiation protocols. C1 USDA, Food Safety Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 BP 614 EP 617 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 428XZ UT WOS:000168488100004 PM 11347989 ER PT J AU Hume, ME Harvey, RB Stanker, LH Droleskey, RE Poole, TL Zhang, HB AF Hume, ME Harvey, RB Stanker, LH Droleskey, RE Poole, TL Zhang, HB TI Genotypic variation among Arcobacter isolates from a farrow-to-finish swine facility SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; AEROTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER; BUTZLERI; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; HELICOBACTER; CHICKENS; PATTERN; WATER; COLI AB Arcobacter spp. were isolated from nursing sows and developing pigs on three farms of a farrow-to-finish swine operation and market-age pigs at slaughter. Isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction and genotypic fragment patterns were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Incidences of Arcobacter-positive samples increased progressively as the pigs aged, resulting in all of the pens at the end of the growth cycle in the finishing barn containing Arcobacter-positive feces. However, only 10 of 350 cecal samples from slaughtered pigs were positive. There was little similarity between genotypic patterns for Arcobacter collected from the three farms. The level of genotypic variation revealed by PFGE suggested that pigs in this farrow-to-finish operation were colonized by multiple Arcobacter parent genotypes that may have undergone genomic rearrangement, common to members of Campylobacteraceae, during successive passages through the animals. Additionally, the level of genotypic diversity seen among Arcobacter isolates from farms of a single farrow-to-finish swine operation suggests an important role for genotypic phenotyping as a source identification and monitoring tool during outbreaks. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hume, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Coll Stn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 BP 645 EP 651 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 428XZ UT WOS:000168488100010 PM 11347994 ER PT J AU Harvey, RB Anderson, RC Young, CR Swindle, MM Genovese, KJ Hume, ME Droleskey, RE Farrington, LA Ziprin, RL Nisbet, DJ AF Harvey, RB Anderson, RC Young, CR Swindle, MM Genovese, KJ Hume, ME Droleskey, RE Farrington, LA Ziprin, RL Nisbet, DJ TI Effects of feed withdrawal and transport on cecal environment and Campylobacter concentrations in a swine surgical model SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; PIGS; JEJUNI; PREVALENCE; COLONIZATION; COLI; BROILERS; FOOD AB The objective of the present study was to evaluate how feed withdrawal and transportation influenced the cecal environment and cecal populations of Campylobacter in swine. Four miniature Yucatan gilts (8.8 kg), naturally infected with Cam pylobacter jejuni, were surgically implanted with cecal cannulas. The gilts were fasted for 48 h. Samples of cecal contents were collected for 7 days prior to and for 7 days after the fast, and mean values were determined for pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and CFU enumeration of C. jejuni. This was replicated three times. Tn another trial, gilts (full-fed) were transported in a livestock trailer for 4 h and cecal samples were collected before and after transport and analyzed for pH, VFA, and CFU. Following a 48-h fast, cecal pH increased (P < 0.05) by 1 unit; acetic and propionic acids decreased (P < 0.05) by 61% and 71%, respectively; and there was a twofold log,, increase (P < 0.05) in CFU/g cecal content of C. jejuni. Values of pH, VFA, and CFU of C. jejuni did not change in cecal samples from gilts following transportation. These data are important for food safety considerations because feed withdrawal, commonly associated with shipping and slaughter, can increase Campylobacter concentrations in the pig intestinal tract. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 BP 730 EP 733 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 428XZ UT WOS:000168488100026 PM 11348010 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Pilizota, V Sapers, GM AF Ukuku, DO Pilizota, V Sapers, GM TI Influence of washing treatment on native microflora and Escherichia coli population of inoculated cantaloupes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH PRODUCE; SHELF-LIFE; O157-H7; GROWTH; FOOD; PERSPECTIVE; VEGETABLES; INDUSTRY; SURFACE; FRUITS AB The influence of chlorine or hydrogen peroxide treatment on populations of Escherichia coli 25922 on the external surface of inoculated cantaloupe was investigated. Surface treatment with 70% EtOH, followed by immersion in 10(8) CFU/mL E. coli inoculum deposited an average of 4.4 log(10)CFU/cm(2) cell population on the cantaloupe surface. The efficacy of washing inoculated cantaloupe was dependent on storage interval between inoculation and treatment Dipping the cantaloupes in solutions containing 1000 mg/L chlorine or 5% peroxide for 5 min, within 24 h of inoculation, caused a 2 log(10) CFU/cm(2) reduction of the indigenous surface microflora and a 3-4.0 log(10) CFU/cm(2) reduction in E. coli. The efficacy was less when the interval between inoculation and treatment exceeded 24 h. Chlorine appeared to be a better antimicrobial agent than hydrogen peroxide against E, coli ATCC 25922 inoculated on cantaloupe surfaces while hydrogen peroxide was better in reducing surface microflora of cantaloupe. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@arserrc.gov NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0149-6085 EI 1745-4565 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2001.tb00306.x PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 440JP UT WOS:000169172400003 ER PT J AU Phillippy, BQ Wyatt, CJ AF Phillippy, BQ Wyatt, CJ TI Degradation of phytate in foods by phytases in fruit and vegetable extracts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phytase; phytate; inositol hexakisphosphate; bioavailability; minerals ID PHYTIC ACID; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; IN-VITRO; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; IRON-ABSORPTION; CALCIUM; WHEAT; REDUCTION; BEANS; PURIFICATION AB The ability of phytases from fresh fruits and vegetables to degrade phytate in foods was determined in vitro. In contrast to the more consistent presence of phytase in vegetables, only a few fruits contained detectable phytase activity. The highest phytase activities were 121 and 97 nmol min(-1) g(-1) in scallion leaves and avocado fruit, respectively. Avocado fruit also contained 0.14% phytate on a wet-weight basis. Crude phytase extracts were incubated with ground corn tortillas or refried beans at 37 degreesC. Most of the phytate was degraded within 30 min by a 4-fold excess by dry weight of scallion leaves. Avocado extracts incubated alone metabolized most of their endogenous phytate within 2 h. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. RP Phillippy, BQ (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 66 IS 4 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb04598.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 452DT UT WOS:000169842400005 ER PT J AU Kadan, RS Bryant, RJ Boykin, DL AF Kadan, RS Bryant, RJ Boykin, DL TI Effects of processing conditions on qualities of rice fries SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rice; long-grain; waxy rice; amylose; rice fries; texture ID AMYLOSE AB Two rice flour mixtures, 2 extruding temperatures, and 2 insert sizes were used to develop rice fries. The extruded material was cut into pieces 7 to 8-cm long, prefried in rice oil at 180 degreesC for 20 s, and kept frozen until final frying for another 70 s. The rice fries were evaluated 5 min and 10 min after final frying for their lipid, moisture, and instrumental texture characteristics. Extruding temperature, rice cultivar, and insert size were significantly related to fat content, moisture, hardness, and fracturability values. A mixture consisting of 80:20 (waxy:long-grain), and extruded at 70 degreesC using a 6 mm insert, 5 min after frying, gave a texture profile analysis value for hardness, cohesiveness, and gumminess values comparable to commercial potato French fries. The rice fries made by the process also had less than 50% fat than potato fries. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Kadan, RS (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 66 IS 4 BP 610 EP 613 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb04609.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 452DT UT WOS:000169842400016 ER PT J AU Wilson, AD AF Wilson, AD TI Oak wilt - A potential threat to southern and western oak forests SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID TEXAS AB Oak wilt is recognized as one of the most destructive diseases to afflict oak species in the United States. The distribution and development of oak wilt in our eastern and midwestern oak forests has been closely linked to changes in forest stand composition, forest management practices, and pathogen dissemination facilitated by human and vector activity. The potential for oak wilt to spread into southern and western states and its possible impacts are discussed. The Texas experience with an oak wilt epidemic provides useful perspectives and suppression alternatives for other states not yet touched by this malady. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wilson, AD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 99 IS 5 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 423ZD UT WOS:000168206900003 ER PT J AU Kline, JD Armstrong, C AF Kline, JD Armstrong, C TI Autopsy of a forestry ballot initiative: Characterizing voter support for oregon's measure 64 SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE clearcutting; policy; sustainable forestry ID VALUES AB On November 3, 1998, Oregon voters soundly rejected a ballot initiative intended to promote sustainable forestry practices and protect forest ecosystems by restricting clearcut logging a nd herbicide and pesticide use. We found that initiative support was greater in more urban counties composed of more educated residents earning higher incomes and with higher proportions of registered Democrats. Opposition was strongest in counties composed of higher proportions of forest industry employees and native-born Oregonians. Measure 64 voting data provide an opportunity to examine the potential relationship between the changing socioeconomic landscape and the public's perception of the role of forestry. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kline, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 99 IS 5 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 423ZD UT WOS:000168206900005 ER PT J AU Schuster, EG Gebert, KM AF Schuster, EG Gebert, KM TI Property tax equivalency on federal resource management lands SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE economics; policy AB As revenue-sharing payments from federal lands decline, government officials and resource professionals are increasingly concerned about the equivalency between federal payments on resource management lands and likely property taxes those lands could generate. We developed tax equivalency information through a nationwide random sample of 105 counties, where we simulated agency property taxes after working with county assessors and agency land personnel. We found that although tax-equivalent counties receive somewhat larger federal payments, the big difference is in tax bills: Tax-equivalent counties have substantially lower tax bills than nonequivalent counties. C1 US Forest Serv, Econ Aspect Ecosyst Management Res Work Unit, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Schuster, EG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Econ Aspect Ecosyst Management Res Work Unit, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 99 IS 5 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 423ZD UT WOS:000168206900006 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Thinking globally, acting locally SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 340 Live Oak Rd Ne, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 99 IS 5 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 423ZD UT WOS:000168206900019 ER PT J AU Ju, ZG Duan, YS Ju, ZQ Guo, AX AF Ju, ZG Duan, YS Ju, ZQ Guo, AX TI Corn oil emulsion for early bloom thinning of trees of 'Delicious' apple,'Feng Huang' peach, and 'Bing' cherry SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APPLES; ETHEPHON; SPRAYS; NAA AB Corn oil emulsions at 1%, 3%, or 5% were sprayed to 'Delicious' apple, 'Feng Huang' peach, and 'Bing' cherry trees at prebloom, 20%, 50%, and 80% full bloom (FB), respectively, and the effects of these combinations on bloom thinning, fruit set, foliage injury, and return bloom were studied. The thinning effect of oil emulsion was concentration and application time dependent, with the higher concentration applied earlier being most effective. On apple and peach trees, 3% to 5% of corn oil applied between prebloom and 20% FB thinned adequately. They were less effective when applied at 50% FB and were not effective at 80% FB. At 1%, oil emulsion was not effective even when applied at early stages. In cherries, oil emulsions at 1% and 3% applied at prebloom to 20% FB thinned fruit to acceptable degrees. Oil at 5%, however, over thinned. Oil emulsion was less effective when applied at 50% FB and not effective at 80% FB even at high oil concentrations. Oil at 3% or 5% applied at 20% FB increased fruit weight and soluble solids but reduced total yields in cherries. Oil treatments did not injure fruit or foliage either at application or afterwards. Return bloom was not affected in peaches and cherries but was improved in apples by oil treatment. C1 Laiyang Agr Coll, Shandong, Peoples R China. Eureka Biotechnol Co, Dept R&D, Fruit Res Lab, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Ju, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 76 IS 3 BP 327 EP 331 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 440ME UT WOS:000169178400013 ER PT J AU Nichols, DS Verry, ES AF Nichols, DS Verry, ES TI Stream flow and ground water recharge from small forested watersheds in north central Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ground water; recharge; water yield; runoff ID YIELD AB In hydrologic studies of forested watersheds, the component of the water balance most likely to be poorly defined or neglected is deep seepage. In the complex glaciated terrain of the northern Lake States, subsurface water movement can be substantial. On the Marcell experimental forest (MEF) in north-central Minnesota, ground water table elevations measured in observation wells in recharge areas were used to calculate rates of ground water recharge. In northern Minnesota winters, precipitation is stored on the surface as snow and ground water recharge ceases. Water table elevations in recharge areas decline over winter at calculable rates. Deviations from these rates during other times of the year are due to ground water recharge. On 10-50 ha watersheds on the MEF, ground water recharge varies among watersheds but constitutes about 40% of the total water yield. Annual ground water recharge amounts were found to vary linearly with precipitation. Even in high precipitation years, the infiltration capacity of the watersheds was not exceeded. Regression equations were developed relating yearly ground water recharge, stream flow, and total water yield, to seasonal precipitation amounts, summer and autumn precipitation during the previous year, and non-winter air temperature. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Verry, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1831 E Highway 169, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 245 IS 1-4 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00337-7 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 427CK UT WOS:000168387100007 ER PT J AU Stottlemyer, R Troendle, CA AF Stottlemyer, R Troendle, CA TI Effect of canopy removal on snowpack quantity and quality, Fraser experimental forest, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE snowpack; interception; dissolved load; clearcut; subalpine; Colorado ID TIMBER HARVEST; CHEMISTRY; INTERCEPTION; SNOWFALL; WATER; FLUX AB Snowpack peak water equivalent (PWE), ion concentration, content, and spatial distribution of ion load data from spring 1987-1996 in a 1 ha clearcut and adjacent forested plots vegetated by mature Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa in the Fraser experimental forest (FEF), Colorado are presented. Our objectives were: (1) to see if a forest opening might redistribute snowfall, snowpack moisture, and snowpack chemical content, and (2) to examine the importance of canopy interception on snowpack quantity and chemistry. On an average, the canopy intercepted 36% of snowfall. Interception was correlated with snowfall amount, snowpack PWE beneath the canopy, and air temperature. Canopy removal increased snowpack PWE to >90% cumulative snowfall inputs. Snowpack K+, H+, and NH4+ concentrations on the clearcut were lower and NO3- higher than in the snowpack beneath the forested plots. Cumulative snowfall K+ input was less than in the clearcut snowpack; H+ inputs were greater in snowfall than in the snowpack of any plot; and inorganic N (NO3- and NH4+) inputs from snowfall to the clearcut were greater than to the forested plots. Processes accounting for the differences between snowfall inputs and snowpack ion content were leaching of organic debris in the snowpack, differential elution of the snowpack, and canopy retention. There were significant trends by year in snowpack ion content at PWE without similar trends in snowfall inputs. This finding coupled with snowpack ion elution bring into question the use of snowpack chemistry as an indicator of winter atmospheric inputs in short-term studies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stottlemyer, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 245 IS 1-4 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00351-1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 427CK UT WOS:000168387100012 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ Lewis, LC AF Bruck, DJ Lewis, LC TI Adult Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) infection at emergence with indigenous Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina : Hyphomycetes) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; SOIL; FUNGI C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lewis, LC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 77 IS 4 BP 288 EP 289 DI 10.1006/jipa.2001.5025 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 452CZ UT WOS:000169840700009 PM 11437533 ER PT J AU Omary, M Sumner, H AF Omary, M Sumner, H TI Modeling water distribution for irrigation machine with small spray nozzles SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB A model and computer program were developed to calculate water application depth and uniformity coefficient for small spray nozzles mounted on a center-pivot irrigation system. The program requires two basic inputs. First, the experimental data for the static distribution pattern of the spray nozzle, including collection time, spacing between collection cups, cup opening radius, and volume of water collected in each cup at a specific pressure and height are required. Second, irrigation system inputs including spacing between spray nozzles, radius of distal end tower and moving velocity, distance of spray nozzle from the pivot, move stop cycle time, or cycle time, and percentage of moving time from the cycle time, or percentage of moving time are needed. The outputs are water application depth and uniformity coefficient. Experiments were conducted to validate the simulation for various moving velocities, spacing between spray nozzles, cycle times, and percentages of moving time. Results showed that the uniformity coefficient of water distribution was 98.4% of the predicted coefficient and that by changing cycle time, or percentage of moving time, the uniformity coefficient was improved by as much as 14.2%. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Omary, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 3 BP 156 EP 160 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2001)127:3(156) PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 435KH UT WOS:000168880300005 ER PT J AU Zheng, XQ Flerchinger, GN AF Zheng, XQ Flerchinger, GN TI Infiltration into freezing and thawing soils under differing field treatments SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FROZEN SOIL AB Infiltration characteristics of seasonally frozen soil influence agricultural management and hydrology in many areas. In northern and northwestern China, winter and spring irrigation is conducted during periods with frozen soil when water is available. The shortage of water resources is one of the major factors restricting the further development of cropland and pasture land in this region. Therefore, heightening irrigation efficiency and determining irrigation parameters has become a high priority for agricultural management. A series of held experiments was conducted from November through March in the middle of Taiyuan Basin, Shanxi Province, China, to develop predictive equations of frozen soil infiltration for differing field treatments and varying water contents. Infiltration measurements were made on three field treatments: green bean standing stubble, winter wheat, and deep ploughing. Cumulative infiltration was greatest on the deep ploughing treatment, which had the lowest soil bulk density as compared with other treatments, A strong inverse power function (R-2 > 0.90) was demonstrated between water infiltration and water content during the freezing period, and the coefficients for this power function were related to frost depth. The resulting estimates of cumulative infiltration resulted in a coefficient of determination of 0.905. Double frozen layers due to surface diurnal freeze/thaw cycles during soil thawing provided an impediment to infiltration. This study provides a practical basis for determining infiltration parameters for irrigation and water resource management. C1 Taiyuan Univ Technol, Dept Hydraul Engn, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Zheng, XQ (reprint author), Taiyuan Univ Technol, Dept Hydraul Engn, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, Peoples R China. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 3 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 435KH UT WOS:000168880300008 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Slauson, KM Carroll, CR Kent, CJ Kudrna, DG AF Zielinski, WJ Slauson, KM Carroll, CR Kent, CJ Kudrna, DG TI Status of American martens in coastal forests of the Pacific states SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; distribution; marten; Martes americana; Pacific states ID LANDSCAPE PATTERN AB American martens (Martes americana) are associated strongly with mature conifer forests and once occurred throughout the mountains of the coastal Pacific states. We sought to document the distribution of martens in this region using historical records and to understand recent change in their distribution. We described the distribution of martens from 1900 to 1949 using museum and trapping records and compared it to recent (1989-1998) detections at camera and track-plate stations. Martens were detected at only 12 of the 237 (5.1%) survey sample units in coastal California, Oregon, and Washington. Martens are absent from most of the historical range of the Humboldt marten (M. a. humboldtensis) in California and also may have declined on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. Few data exist from northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington, but the limited amount of protected public land and absence of reported road kills are reasons for concern fur populations in this region. Martens still occur in the central and southern coastal mountains of Oregon. Our results suggest that conservation of martens in coastal forests will require new initiatives to protect existing populations and new efforts to document all populations of martens in this region. Conservation measures should include a reevaluation of timber harvest plans that affect habitat in coastal forests, interagency cooperation on a coastal marten conservation assessment, and the collection of new survey information, especially on private lands in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon. C1 US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, Six Rivers Natl Forest, Corvallis, OR USA. Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 82 IS 2 BP 478 EP 490 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0478:SOAMIC>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 435JV UT WOS:000168879100020 ER PT J AU Buyer, JS Roberts, DP Millner, P Russek-Cohen, E AF Buyer, JS Roberts, DP Millner, P Russek-Cohen, E TI Analysis of fungal communities by sole carbon source utilization profiles SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE biolog; community; fungi; substrate utilization assay ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; SOIL; PATTERNS; RHIZOSPHERE; BIOLOG AB A simple method for characterization of fungal communities in environmental samples was developed. Dilute suspensions of samples in 0.2% agar containing three different antibiotics were pipetted into 96-well prates (Biolog SF-N) containing a diverse collection of 95 different carbon sources. The plates were incubated for 4-12 days at 22 degreesC and the absorbance measured at 650 nm, Canonical variates analysis was then used to analyze the multivariate data. This method allowed fungal communities in rhizosphere soil of corn and soybean to be distinguished according to soil and plant type. Data taken at a single time-point, which varied greatly in total absorbance of the plate, separated rhizosphere samples primarily by soil type. When multiple time-points were combined to keep the total absorbance constant, differences in substrate utilization patterns due to different plant types could be distinguished. The method was also applicable to analysis of phylloplane and compost fungal communities. This method is readily applied to large numbers of samples and should be useful for community analysis in a variety of agricultural and ecological studies, Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, Biometr Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Buyer, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, BARC W, Bldg 001,Room 140, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM buyerj@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(01)00221-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 423ZQ UT WOS:000168208000006 PM 11295197 ER PT J AU Harrison, EH Hussain, MM AF Harrison, EH Hussain, MM TI Mechanisms involved in the intestinal digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE retinoids; lipid absorption; pancreatic enzymes; chylomicrons; lipases ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; HUMAN PANCREATIC LIPASE; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; CACO-2 CELL-LINE; BRUSH-BORDER; CHOLESTERYL ESTER; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; A METABOLISM; FATTY-ACIDS AB Dietary retinyl esters are hydrolyzed in the intestine by the pancreatic enzyme, pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL), and intestinal brush border enzyme, phospholipase B. Recent work on the carboxylester lipase (CEL) knockout mouse suggests that CEL may not be involved in dietary retinyl ester digestion. The possible roles of the pancreatic lipase-related proteins (PLRP) 1 and 2 and other enzymes require further investigation. Unesterified retinol is taken up by the enterocytes, perhaps involving both diffusion and protein-mediated facilitated transport. Once in the cell, retinol is complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein type 2 (CRBP2) and the complex serves as a substrate for reesterification of the retinol by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT). Retinol not bound to CRBP2 is esterified by acyl-CoA acyltransferase (ARAT). The retinyl esters are incorporated into chylomicrons, intestinal lipoproteins that transport other dietary lipids such as triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol. Chylomicrons containing newly absorbed retinyl esters are then secreted into the lymph. C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP Harrison, EH (reprint author), USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL049879, HL49879, HL64272]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK44498, DK46900, R01 DK044498] NR 38 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 131 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1408 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 432BH UT WOS:000168666400002 PM 11340090 ER PT J AU Saltzman, E Das, SK Lichtenstein, AH Dallal, GE Corrales, A Schaefer, EJ Greenberg, AS Roberts, SB AF Saltzman, E Das, SK Lichtenstein, AH Dallal, GE Corrales, A Schaefer, EJ Greenberg, AS Roberts, SB TI An oat-containing hypocaloric diet reduces systolic blood pressure and improves lipid profile beyond effects of weight loss in men and women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE weight loss; oats; blood pressure; cholesterol; humans ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; PLASMA; FIBER; GUM; METAANALYSIS; METABOLISM; PREVENTION AB Hypertension, dyslipidemia and overweight contribute substantially to cardiovascular disease risk. One of the most effective methods for improving high blood pressure and lipid profiles is loss of excess weight. Other recommendations for reducing cardiovascular risk include changes in dietary micronutrient, macronutrient and fiber intakes. To better define a diet for reduction in cardiovascular risk, 43 adults (body mass index 26.4 +/- 3.3, range 20.5-33.9 kg/m(2)) participated in an 8-wk study to determine the effects of two diets on weight, blood pressure, lipids and insulin sensitivity. For 2 wk, weight was maintained and all subjects consumed a control diet. For the next 6 wk, subjects consumed one of two hypocaloric diets (maintenance energy minus 4.2 MJ/d): the control diet (n = 21) or a diet containing oats [45 g/(4.2 MJ dietary energy . d), n = 22]. There was no significant difference between groups in changes in weight loss (control -4.0 +/- 1.1 kg, oats -3.9 +/- 1.6 kg, P = 0.8). The oats diet resulted in greater decreases in mean systolic blood pressure (oats -6 +/- 7 mm Hg, control -1 +/- 10 mm Hg, P = 0.026), whereas diastolic blood pressure change did not differ between the two groups (oats -4 C 6 mm Hg, control -3 +/- 5 mm Hg, P = 0.8). The oat diet resulted in significantly greater decreases in total cholesterol (oats -0.87 +/- 0.47 mmol/L, control -0.34 +/- 0.5 mmol/L, P = 0.003) and LDL cholesterol (oats -0.6 +/- 0.41 mmol/L, control -0.2 +/- 0.4lmmol/L, P = 0.008). In summary. a hypocaloric diet containing oats consumed over 6 wk resulted in greater improvements in systolic blood pressure and lipid profile than did a hypocaloric diet without oats. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Saltzman, E (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12829] NR 33 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 131 IS 5 BP 1465 EP 1470 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 432BH UT WOS:000168666400013 PM 11340101 ER PT J AU Prakash, P Russell, RM Krinsky, NI AF Prakash, P Russell, RM Krinsky, NI TI In vitro inhibition of proliferation of estrogen-dependent and estrogen independent human breast cancer cells treated with carotenoids or retinoids SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE beta-carotene; retinoic acid; breast cancer cells; cell cycle; retinoic acid receptors ID ACID-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; BETA-CAROTENE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; SELECTIVE RETINOIDS; 9-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; BINDING; PREVENTION; APOPTOSIS AB Both estrogen-receptor (ER) positive MCF-7 and ER-negative Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were treated with carotenoids (p-carotene, canthaxanthin and lycopene) and retinoids (all-trans-, 9-cis- and 13-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinol). Among carotenoids, p-carotene significantly reduced the growth of MCF-7 and Hs578T cells, and lycopene inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Canthaxanthin did not affect the proliferation of any of the three cell lines. All-trans- and g-cis-retinoic acid significantly reduced the growth of both MCF-7 and Hs578T cells, whereas 13-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinol had a significant effect only on MCF-7 cells, MCF-7 and Hs578T cells treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (all-t-RA) were further studied for the mechanism behind growth inhibition. Retinoic acid receptors alpha and gamma (RAR alpha, gamma) in MCF-7 cells and RAR alpha, beta and gamma in Hs578T cells were not induced by all-t-RA treatment at either the protein or mRNA level. Hs578T cells treated with all-t-RA had significantly more cells in the G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle, but the same was not observed for MCF-7 cells. All-t-RA induced a dose-dependent cell death in MCF-7 cells, which may be a necrotic phenomenon. These results demonstrate that ER status is an important, although not essential factor for breast cancer cell response to carotenoid and retinoid treatments, and the mode of action of all-t-RA in MCF-7 and Hs578T cells is not through the induction of RAR. Other mechanistic pathways that are either followed by or concomitant with growth inhibition are possible. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Prakash, P (reprint author), Silico Insights Inc, 400 W Cummings Pk,Suite 6475, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [5R01 CA 66914-03] NR 41 TC 72 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 131 IS 5 BP 1574 EP 1580 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 432BH UT WOS:000168666400030 PM 11340118 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ AF Ellis, KJ TI Selected body composition methods can be used in field studies SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Non- or Minimaily-Invasive Technologies for Monitoring Health and Nutritional Status in Mothers and Chil dren CY AUG 07-08, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS DE body composition; human; noninvasive methods ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; AIR-DISPLACEMENT PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; INFRARED INTERACTANCE; WATER; FAT; CHILDREN; INDEX; HYDRODENSITOMETRY; ANTHROPOMETRY AB This article provides an overview of the present status of in vivo body composition methodologies that have potential for use in field studies. The methods are divided into four general categories: anthropometric indices and skinfold, body volume measurements, body water measurements including bioelectrical methods, and imaging techniques. Among the newest technologies are air-displacement plethysmography, three-dimensional photonic scanning, multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and whole-body tomography using electrical impedance and magnetic induction. These newer approaches are compared with the established reference methods. The advantages and limitations of each technique as a field method are presented relative to the corresponding concepts of an ideal method. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Body Composit Lab, USDA,ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Body Composit Lab, USDA,ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 131 IS 5 BP 1589S EP 1595S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 432BH UT WOS:000168666400035 PM 11340123 ER PT J AU Hirschman, JD Kresge, JA AF Hirschman, JD Kresge, JA TI Synthesis of a symposium: Innovative non- or minimally-invasive technologies for monitoring health and nutritional status in mothers and young children SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Non- or Minimaily-Invasive Technologies for Monitoring Health and Nutritional Status in Mothers and Chil dren CY AUG 07-08, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS C1 Food & Nutr Serv, Off Anal Nutr & Evaluat, USDA, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Kresge, JA (reprint author), Food & Nutr Serv, Off Anal Nutr & Evaluat, USDA, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 131 IS 5 BP 1643S EP 1645S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 432BH UT WOS:000168666400044 PM 11340132 ER PT J AU Yeung, AC Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Yeung, AC Glahn, RP Miller, DD TI Dephosphorylation of sodium caseinate, enzymatically hydrolyzed casein and casein phosphopeptides by intestinal alkaline phosphatase: implications for iron availability SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron; bioavailability; alkaline phosphatase; casein; casein phosphopeptides ID BIOAVAILABILITY; ABSORPTION; MILK; IRON(III); DIGESTION; FORMULA; HUMANS; ACID AB Clusters of phosphoserine residues in casein bind iron with high affinity. Casein inhibits iron absorption in humans but partial hydrolysis of casein prior to ingestion diminishes this inhibition. The objective of this study was to test two hypotheses: 1. Partial hydrolysis of the peptide bonds in casein exposes phosphoserine residues to attack by intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). 2. Hydrolysis of the phospho-ester linkage in phosphoserine residues in casein by IAP releases bound iron or inhibits iron chelation, thereby allowing its absorption. Test of hypothesis 1: Suspensions of sodium caseinate (SC), enzymatically hydrolyzed casein (EHC), and casein phosphopeptides (CPP) were subjected to an in vitro pepsin/pancreatin digestion and subsequently incubated in the presence of calf IAP. The rate of release of inorganic phosphate: was measured with the following results (expressed as mu mol phosphate released/unit of IAP/min): 0.081. 0.104, 0.139 for SC, EHC. and CPP. respectively. These results are consistent with hypothesis 1. Test of hypothesis 2: Fe-59-citrate or Fe-59-citrate + CPP in minimum essential media were spiked with a Na,WO, solution or water (Na,WO, is a known inhibitor of IAP) and placed on Caco-2 cell monolayers. Uptake of Fe-59 by the cells was used as an index of iron bioavailability. Na,WO, did not affect Fe-59 uptake from samples containing only iron but did slightly inhibit (by 10%) uptake from samples containing iron + CPP. These results are consistent with hypothesis 2 and provide a possible explanation for the observation that partial hydrolysis of casein improves iron bioavailability. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, 114 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 12 IS 5 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00141-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 439DY UT WOS:000169096600006 ER PT J AU Wei, JZ Chatterton, NJ Larson, SR AF Wei, JZ Chatterton, NJ Larson, SR TI Expression of sucrose : fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) and myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barley; fructan; gene expression; gene regulation; Hordeum vulgare; inositol; myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS); sucrose : fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) ID KEY ENZYME; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; METABOLISM; ACCUMULATION; INDUCTION; TOLERANCE; GRASSES; CEREALS; STRESS; RICE AB Fructan is an important class of non-structural carbohydrates present in cool-season grasses. Sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT; EC 2.4.1.10), one of the enzymes thought to be involved in grass fructan biosynthesis, catalyzes the initiation and extension of 2,6-linked fructans. Myo-inositol is a central component in several metabolic pathways in higher plants, Myo-inositol l-phosphate synthase (MIPS) IEC 5.5.1.4), the first enzyme in inositol de novo biosynthesis, catalyzes the formation of myo-inositol l-phosphate (MIP) from glucose-g-phosphate. The expression of 6-SFT and MIPS genes is compared in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves under various conditions. In cool temperature treatments, both 6-SFT and MIPS mRNAs accumulate within two days and then decline after four days. Under warm temperatures and continuous illumination, the amount of 6-SFT and MIPS mRNA gradually accumulated in detached leaves and increased significantly by 8 h. In contrast, we observed no significant changes over time in attached (control) leaves. Treating detached leaves with glucose or sucrose in the dark resulted in accumulations of both 6-SFT and MIPS mRNA. Homologous expression patterns for 6-SFT and MIPS genes suggest that they may be similarly regulated in barley leaves. Although sucrose and glucose may play important roles in the expression of 6-SFT and MIPS genes, regulation likely involves multiple factors. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chatterton, NJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM njchatt@cc.usu.edu OI Larson, Steve/0000-0003-2742-2134 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 158 IS 5 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-00308 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 435TG UT WOS:000168896800013 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ AF Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ TI Correlation between mechanical adhesion and interfacial properties of starch/biodegradable polyester blends SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE contact angle; surface tension; surface energy; interfacial energy; work of adhesion; peel strength; biodegradable polyesters; starch; polymers; blends ID SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION; MEMBRANES; POLYCAPROLACTONE; COPOLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; POLYMERS; STARCH AB Biopolymers are preferred ingredients for the manufacture of materials because they are based on abundantly available and renewable raw materials that have benign environmental problems associated with their production, fabrication, use, and disposal; however, the wide use of biopolymers in engineering applications has not been achieved, mainly because of the inferior quality of many biopolymer-based products. To overcome this limitation, studies have been initiated on blends of biopolymers and biodegradable synthetic polymers. We used the contact angle of probe liquids to measure the surface energy of polystyrene, the biodegradable polyesters polycaprolactone, poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate terephthalate, and adipic poly(hydroxy ester ether), and normal starch. The surface energies were used to estimate the starch/polymer interfacial energy and work of adhesion. The calculated starch/polyester work of adhesion showed mixed correlation with published starch/polyester mechanical properties, indicating that factors other than interfacial properties might be dominant in determining the mechanical properties of some starch/polyester blends. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 41 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 39 IS 9 BP 920 EP 930 DI 10.1002/polb.1067 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 419BL UT WOS:000167929400006 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Racher, BJ Britton, CM Davis, MR AF Everitt, JH Yang, C Racher, BJ Britton, CM Davis, MR TI Remote sensing of redberry juniper in the Texas rolling plains SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE color-infrared photography; reflectance; digital image analysis; accuracy assessment; Juniperus ID REFLECTANCE AB Redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii Sudw.) is a noxious shrub or small tree that invades rangelands in northwest Texas. Field reflectance measurements showed that redberry juniper had lower visible and higher near-infrared (NIR) reflectance than associated species and mixtures of species in February. The low visible reflectance of redberry juniper was due to its darker green foliage than associated species, whereas its high NIR reflectance was attributed to its greater vegetative density than associated vegetation. Redberry juniper had a distinct reddish-brown image tonal response on color-infrared aerial photographs obtained in February. Computer analysis of a colorinfrared photographic transparency showed that redberry juniper infestations could be quantified. An accuracy assessment performed on the classified image had a user's accuracy of 100% and a producer's accuracy of 94% for redberry juniper. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.2307/4003243 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431MA UT WOS:000168634000008 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Greathouse, G Knight, AP James, LF AF Ralphs, MH Greathouse, G Knight, AP James, LF TI Research observation: Cattle preference for Lambert locoweed over white locoweed SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Oxytropis lambertii; Oxytropis sericea; poisonous plant; cattle grazing; swainsonine ID NEW-MEXICO AB White (Oxytropis sericea Nutt, in T.& G.) and Lambert (O. lambertii var. biglovii Pursh) locoweed grow adjacent to each other on the foothills of the Rocky Mountains from southeastern Wyoming to northeastern New Mexico. Lambert locoweed matures later and flowers about 3-4 weeks after white Locoweed, thus potentially increasing the critical period of poisoning when livestock graze areas infested by both species. The objective of this study was to evaluate cattle consumption of these 2 species as they progress phenologically. In 1998, 15 Hereford cows grazed a 32 ha pasture infested with both species from the time white locoweed flowered in mid June until both species were mature and senesced in August, In 1999, 4 cows were placed in a 5 ha pasture infested with both species for 4 days in each of the following periods: (1) flower stage of white locoweed, (2) flower stage of Lambert locoweed, immature pod at white locoweed, (3) immature pod stage of Lambert locoweed, mature pod while (4) mature pod and seed shatter stage respectively. Diets were estimated by bite-count. Lambert locoweed was preferred over white locoweed in the season-long grazing trial in 1998, and in each of the 4 intensive grazing trials in 1999. The cows consumed white locoweed as availability of Lambert locoweed declined in 1998, but little white locoweed was consumed in the 4 intensive grazing trials in 1999, The toxic locoweed alkaloid swainsonine ranged from 0.04 to 0.06% in white locoweed, but was not detected in Lambert locoweed in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. CSU Res Fdn, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.2307/4003245 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431MA UT WOS:000168634000010 ER PT J AU Clements, CD Young, JA AF Clements, CD Young, JA TI Antelope bitterbrush seed production and stand age SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Purshia tridentata; mule deer; shrub; browse; herbivory AB Antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC) is the most important browse species on many western mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) ranges. Lack of antelope bitterbrush seedling recruitment is a critical problem, and therefore, the influence of livestock grazing on antelope bitterbrush seed production is an important issue. Seed production was compared in grazed and ungrazed communities during 1995 and 1996 at 2 locations in northeastern California and one location in northwestern Nevada, A system of seed traps was used to estimate seed production in relation to the size, age and grazing of antelope bitterbrush plants in the various stands. Antelope bitterbrush seed production was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) higher at one of the ungrazed sites. Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) differences in shrub ages were also recorded between sites. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Clements, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.2307/4003246 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431MA UT WOS:000168634000011 ER PT J AU Martin, DW Chambers, JC AF Martin, DW Chambers, JC TI Restoring degraded riparian meadows: Biomass and species responses SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen addition; clipping; aeration; revegetation; species composition; water tables ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FIELD PLANT COMMUNITY; KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FERTILIZATION; AVAILABILITY; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY AB Riparian meadows in central Nevada are highly productive and have been extensively utilized for livestock grazing. Consequently, many have been severely degraded resulting in changes in species composition and decreases in productivity. During a 3 year study, we examined the responses of mesic meadow systems to yearly nitrogen addition (100 kg ha(-1)) and clipping (8-10 cm stubble height) to increase our understanding of grazing effects, We also examined the effects of a one-time, fall aeration (10 cm deep by 2 cm wide holes spaced 20 cm apart) and revegetation (removal of existing vegetation and reseeding) to evaluate the restoration potential of these sites. Changes in total biomass, species aerial cover and frequency, and surface basal cover were used to evaluate treatment responses. Clipping had no effect on total biomass, possibly because it was conducted late in the growing season. In contrast, nitrogen addition plus clipping increased biomass in all 3 years when treatments were compared across sites and for 1 out of 3 years when treatments were compared across a single site. Aeration had no effect on above ground biomass, but has been shown to increase rooting activity in these same meadows. Due to a dry, hot spring, early seral and weedy species had higher establishment than the seeded natives in the revegetation plots, and biomass was low the first year after treatment. Individual species varied in their treatment responses. The cover of low-growing forb species (western aster (Aster occidentalis [Nutt,] Torrey and A. Gray), long-stalk starwort (Stellania Longipes Goldie), and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg.) declined through time for all treatments, presumably due to increased grass cover and shading following release from grazing and above average precipitation and water table levels in 1998. Examination of the keg graminoids showed that Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis L.), an increaser species, did not increase in response to release from grazing, but increased in response to clipping and nitrogen addition. Nebraska sedge (Carex nebrascensis Dewey), a desirable native, increased in response to both release from grazing and nitrogen addition. The results were influenced by high spatial and temporal variability in water table elevations within these systems. C1 Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Martin, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.2307/4003249 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431MA UT WOS:000168634000014 ER PT J AU Hild, AL Karl, MG Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK AF Hild, AL Karl, MG Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK TI Drought and grazing III: Root dynamics and germinable seed bank SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE minirhizotron; northern mixed grass prairie; seed banks ID GROWTH; SOIL; ECOSYSTEM; CROP AB Drought and herbivory frequently influence North American rangelands. While these influences may temporarily reduce vegetative cover, their mutual influence on the available seedbanks which might occupy new safe sites is unclear. We examine effects of drought and grazing upon pre- and post-drought plant root distribution and germinable seed bank to determine 1) if the response of root distributions to drought depends upon grazing use and 2) if the presence of germinable seeds is altered significantly by drought and grazing. Using twelve, 5 X 10 m nonweighing lysimeters with an automated rainout shelter, we documented root intercepts in situ using a minirhizotron from 1993-1996, Seed bank samples were incubated in a greenhouse to determine seedling emergence. Roots were fewer in shallow soil layers in grazed plots than ungrazed plots by the end of the study, irrespective of drought, Roots in deeper (Bw horizon) soil layers were fewer during drought, but were not influenced by grazing. Seed bank composition results suggest that perennial grasses were a small portion of the seed bank. Cool-season annual grass seeds accumulated after drought. Without drought, forb seed banks increased with grazing, Thus while shallow roots may decrease during drought, in the year following drought grazing may decrease aboveground net primary production, and allow Large accumulations of cool-season annual grass seed in a northern mixed grass prairie. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDI Bur Land Management, Interior Columbia Basin Ecosyst Management Projec, Boise, ID 83702 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Hild, AL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.2307/4003250 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431MA UT WOS:000168634000015 ER PT J AU Kitchen, SG Monsen, SB AF Kitchen, SG Monsen, SB TI Forage kochia seed germination response to storage time and temperature SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Kochia prostrata; prostrate summer cypress; germination rate; mean germination time; after-ripening; germination synchronization; cold-desert revegetation ID PROSTRATA; STRESS AB The Eurasian low-shrub, forage kochia [Kochia prostrata (L.) Shad.], was introduced into western North America for use in restoration of severely disturbed landscapes in arid and semiarid environments. Seed mature in late fall and are short-lived in typical warehouse conditions. In a preliminary, cold-temperature experiment (2(degrees) C) using 3-month-old seed from 16 forage kochia accessions, mean germination time, expressed as days to 50% germination, varied from 4 to 88 days. Follow up experiments using seed of 5 accessions tested the effects of storage time and temperature on seed viability and mean germination time and related this to field planting success. Sub-samples were air-dried and stored in plastic bags in a freezer, cold room, and lab (-15, 2, and 20 degrees C respectively). A fourth set of subsamples was stored in a shed with no temperature control (simulated warehouse storage), Seed were tested fresh and retested after 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 months of storage, Mean viability decreased from 77% (range 66 to 93%) for recently harvested seed, to 24 and 8% for lab- and shed-stored seed, after 36 months of storage. No significant change in viability was observed for cold room- and freezer-stored seed. Across all accessions, cold temperature mean germination time (MGT) for recently harvested seed was 73 days (range 51 to 109 days). For each accession, germination occurred primarily over a 70 day period. Mean germination time decreased as storage time increased for lab- and shed-stored seed, varied unpredictably for cold room-stored seed, and remained unchanged for freezer-stored seed. Field germination using 1- and 2-year old lab- and shed-stored seed was significantly faster than that of same-aged cold room- and freezer-stored seed. The number of live seedlings 4 months after planting for cold room- and freezer-stored seed was 10-fold or greater than that of lab- and shed-stored seed. Thus a delayed, asynchronous cold-temperature germination pattern appears to be adaptive for forage kochia establishment. Cold, dry storage prevents loss of seed viability and preserves this desirable germination pattern. C1 USDA FS, Rocyk Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Kitchen, SG (reprint author), USDA FS, Rocyk Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.2307/4003251 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 431MA UT WOS:000168634000016 ER PT J AU Irwin, P Fortis, L Tu, S AF Irwin, P Fortis, L Tu, S TI A simple maximum probability resolution algorithm for most probable number analysis using microsoft excel SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA; ENUMERATION; MICROTECHNIQUE AB Traditional most probable number (MPN) methods are executed using one of two schemes. The direct maximum probability resolution (DMPR) technique involves calculating the binomial probability distribution array, P (= IIi P-i; i dilutions), as a function of cell density (Delta) and finding the value of which corresponds to the maximum in P (the MPN). Alternatively, indirect MPR methods seek the solution to a nonlinear equation, related to Pi, by altering Delta. We describe herein a simple maximum probability resolution (SMPR) method of the second type which involves the repeated calculation (j cycles) of Delta (j+1) by the addition of a term, related to the partial first derivative of P-i, with respect to Delta, to Delta (j) until the MPN (Delta (final)) is reached. Using this SMPR algorithm and comparing our results with a DMPR procedure (n = 5, 10, or 96; 10,000 points per Pi), another indirect computer-based MPR method (n = 10 or 96), or published MPN tables (n = 5) we found that there was agreement to 3-5 significant figures. The SMPR approach also outperformed all other computer-based MPR techniques tested. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Biochem Lab, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Irwin, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Biochem Lab, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 33 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2001.tb00226.x PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 444QM UT WOS:000169411100005 ER PT J AU Hurd, HS Bush, EJ Losinger, W Corso, B Zimmerman, JJ Wills, R Swenson, S Pyburn, D Yeske, P Burkgren, T AF Hurd, HS Bush, EJ Losinger, W Corso, B Zimmerman, JJ Wills, R Swenson, S Pyburn, D Yeske, P Burkgren, T TI Outbreaks of porcine reproductive failure: Report on a collaborative field investigation SO JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE swine; PRRS; epidemiology; emerging disease ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; MORTALITY; ABORTION; DISEASE; VIRUS; SWINE AB During the latter half of 1996, a series of abortion our-breaks occurred, primarily in southeast Iowa, with a clinical picture similar to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in a naive herd. After initial foreign animal disease investigations proved negative, a collaborative case-control study was designed. Its objectives were to describe: these cases of intense reproductive failure: attempt isolation of viral agent(s), particularly postulated variant strains of PRRS virus; and identify potential management risk factors. Eligible case herds were those experiencing a current outbreak of abortion and submitting samples to one of the seven participating diagnostic laboratories. Control herds were randomly selected by the investigating veterinary medical officer from a list generated by the referring practitioner. For both case and control herds, sow blood samples and fetal tissues were collected for PRRSV serology and multiple virus isolations, and management data were statistically analyzed to identify potential risk factors. Seventeen case and 34 control herds were enrolled between June 25, 1997 and November 10, 1998. The PRRS virus was isolated from seven cases and one control operation. Sow sera were PRRS positive on 87% of case premises and 55.7% of control premises. These results suggest that the swine abortion outbreaks beginning in 1996 were more likely due to PRRS virus than to an emerging disease. The US pork industry is vulnerable to emerging diseases, and needs to develop rapid capabilities for recognizing new infections and never pathogens and strategies for detecting and controlling emerging diseases. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Natl Pork Prod Council, Des Moines, IA USA. RP Bush, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE PRACTITIONERS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA SN 1066-4963 J9 J SWINE HEALTH PROD JI J. Swine. Health Prod. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 3 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 429QJ UT WOS:000168528200004 ER PT J AU Isbell, TA Cermak, SC AF Isbell, TA Cermak, SC TI Synthesis of delta-eicosanolactone and delta-docosanolactone directly from meadowfoam oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE delta-docosanolactone; delta-eicosanolactone; 5-hydroxydocosanoic acid; 5-hydroxyeicosanoic acid; meadow-foam ID FATTY-ACIDS; LACTONES AB delta -Eicosanolactone and delta -docosanolactone were synthesized directly from the triacylglycerides of meadowfoam (Limnanthes)oil. Perchloric and sulfuric acids were used in stoichiometric quantities (0.5-4.0 mol equiv) to cyclize triglyceride to F-lactone. When the reactions were run in the absence of solvent at 40 degreesC, delta -lactone yields ranged from 17-75% where delta/gamma ratios ranged from 6:1 to 10.4:1. Sulfuric and perchloric acids gave similar yields for their individually optimized reactions. Perchloric acid-catalyzed reactions required less acid to produce similar amounts of delta -lactone (HClO4 at 2.0 mol equiv gave 73% yield vs. H2SO4' which gave 75% yield at 2.5 mol equiv). The use of polar nonparticipating solvents during the reaction had little impact on delta -lactone formation or delta/gamma ratio. Higher perchloric acid concentrations provided higher F-lactone yields with delta/gamma ratios remaining nearly constant. The effect of sulfuric acid on F-lactone yield and delta/gamma ratio was more direct; higher acid concentration improved both. Both crystallization and short path distillation improved delta -lactone quality, but short path distillation gave higher recovered yields. The blactones were converted to their corresponding 5-hydroxy acids in the same reaction vessel, separated, and cyclized back to delta -laclones upon heating under vacuum. This provided a convenient method for delta -lactone purification. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 78 IS 5 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0297-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 438UX UT WOS:000169073600015 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, G TI Characterization of esters of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids with Guerbet alcohols SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dicarboxylic acids; fatty acids; Guerbet alcohols; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Esters of some common fatty acids and diacids with Guerbet alcohols were prepared by p-toluenesulfonic acid-catalyzed esterification. Such materials are of interest in applications such as additives in Various industrial products. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with chemical ionization using methane as ionization gas is an efficient characterization method for these Guerbet esters and diesters. Under these conditions, structural features such as molecular weight and site of branching are easily determined. The spectra of the present compounds were compared to those of di-Guerbet esters reported earlier and differences noted. The compounds were also characterized by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 78 IS 5 BP 537 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0299-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 438UX UT WOS:000169073600017 ER PT J AU Hawkins, LK Dane, F Kubisiak, TL Rhodes, BB Jarret, RL AF Hawkins, LK Dane, F Kubisiak, TL Rhodes, BB Jarret, RL TI Linkage mapping in a watermelon population segregating for fusarium wilt resistance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum; random amplified polymorphic DNA; simple sequence repeats ID LANATUS THUNB MATSUM; SP-NIVEUM RACE-2; CUCUMIS-MELO L; MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; DISEASE RESISTANCE; FORMAE-SPECIALES; GENETIC-MAP; DNA MARKER; ISOZYME AB Isozyme, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used to generate a linkage map in an F(2) and F(3) watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai] population derived from a cross between the fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum) susceptible (New Hampshire Midget' and resistant PI 296341-FR. A 112.9 cM RAPD-based map consisting of 26 markers spanning two linkage groups was generated with F(2) data. With F(3) data, a 139 cM RAPD-based map consisting of 13 markers covering five Linkage groups was constructed. Isozyme and SSR markers were unlinked. About 40% to 48% of the RAPD markers were significantly skewed from expected Mendelian segregation ratios in both generations. Bulked segregant analysis and single-factor analysis of variance were employed to identify RAPD markers linked to fusarium wilt caused by races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f.sp. niveum. Current linkage estimates between the resistance trait and the marker loci were too large for effective use in a marker-assisted selection program. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Poole Ctr E142, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Griffin, GA 30233 USA. RP Hawkins, LK (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, 101 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 126 IS 3 BP 344 EP 350 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423FP UT WOS:000168165000014 ER PT J AU Ju, ZG Curry, EA Duan, YS Ju, ZQ Guo, AX AF Ju, ZG Curry, EA Duan, YS Ju, ZQ Guo, AX TI Plant oil emulsions prevent senescent scald and core breakdown and reduce fungal decay in 'Bartlett' pears SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ethylene; volatile; ripening; Pyrus communis ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; FRUIT; ATMOSPHERES; ETHYLENE; DISEASES; QUALITY; CALCIUM AB Preclimacteric 'Bartlett' pears (Pyrus communis L.) were dipped for 3 min in either corn (Zea mays L,,) or soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merrill] oil emulsion immediately after harvest and stored at 0 degreesC. Untreated control fruit developed higher percentages of senescent scald, core breakdown, and decay after 15 weeks storage. Both treatments inhibited senescent scald, core breakdown, and decay in a similar and concentration dependent manner. Complete control of senescent scald and core breakdown was achieved by emulsions at 5 % and 10%, and of decay by emulsion at 10%. Compared with controls, emulsion treatments delayed and reduced internal ethylene accumulation and volatile production in early storage and increased them in late storage. Compared with controls, fruit treated with oil contained similar levels of internal O-2 and CO2 in early storage and higher CO2 and lower O-2 in late storage. While control fruit lost commercial value after 15 weeks at 0 degreesC plus 5 days at 20 degreesC, oil-treated fruit exhibited normal color change, and had higher soluble solids, titratable acidity, and volatile production. Microscopic examination revealed that emulsion-treated fruit had a continuous surface film conforming to the contour of the fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Zibo Wanquan Co, Dept Res & Dev, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Ju, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 126 IS 3 BP 358 EP 363 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423FP UT WOS:000168165000016 ER PT J AU Bolin, SR Stoffregen, WC Nayar, GPS Hamel, AL AF Bolin, SR Stoffregen, WC Nayar, GPS Hamel, AL TI Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome induced after experimental inoculation of cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets with type 2 porcine circovirus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; EXPERIMENTAL REPRODUCTION; INFECTION CONCURRENT; CONVENTIONAL PIGS; MULTIPLEX PCR; SYNDROME PMWS; DISEASE; LESIONS; PARVOVIRUS; VIRUS AB Cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs (n = 23) were inoculated intranasally and subcutaneously with a low cell culture passage of type 2 porcine circovirus. In 11 pigs, a persistent fever that lasted 7-17 days began 12-15 days after inoculation with virus. Additional signs of disease in those 11 pigs included depression (11 of 11 pigs), palpable enlargement of inguinal, prefemoral, and popliteal lymph nodes (11 of 11), icterus (6 of 11), and hyperpnea (2 of 11). The remaining 12 pigs had fever that occurred intermittently for 2-4 days between days 12 and 20 postinoculation. Overt signs of disease in those pigs were limited to palpable enlargement of inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes (9 of 12 pigs). When compared with control pigs of similar age, the average daily rate of weight gain for all pigs inoculated with virus was less over a 2-week period that be-an 2 weeks post inoculation. At postmortem examination, lymph node enlargement was seen in 14 of 14 pigs euthanized between days 20 and 28 postinoculation. Lymph node enlargement was especially prominent in pigs that developed a persistent fever. Microscopic lesions noted in pigs that developed a persistent fever included cellular depletion in lymphoid tissues; hepatic cell necrosis; and lymphogranulomatous inflammation of lymph nodes, Peyer's patches of the intestine, liver, kidney, and heart. Virus was isolated with varying frequency from nasal, rectal, or tonsil swab specimens, buffy coat, serum, urine, and lung lavage fluid obtained antemortem or postmortem. Virus was isolated from or viral DNA was detected in a variety of tissues obtained postmortem up to 125 days postinoculation. Antibody against type 2 porcine circovirus usually was detected in serum between 15 and 20 days postinoculation; however, antibody against virus was not detected in serum from 4 pigs euthanized 20-24 days postinoculation. Direct contact with pigs inoculated with virus 42 days previously resulted in transmission of virus to 3 of 3 control pigs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestrock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Manitoba Agr, Vet Serv, Virol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5S6, Canada. RP Bolin, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestrock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 41 TC 156 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 458XR UT WOS:000170221200001 PM 11482594 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, HD DeBey, BM Cutlip, RC AF Lehmkuhl, HD DeBey, BM Cutlip, RC TI A new serotype adenovirus isolated from a goat in the United States SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE; DNA AB A virus (T94-0353) isolated from the small intestine of a 3-week-old kid with diarrhea and serous ocular and nasal discharge was identified as an adenovirus based on morphologic and physicochemical characteristics. Neutralization tests and restriction endonuclease analysis comparing the caprine adenovirus with the prototype bovine and ovine adenovirus serotypes and a previously isolated caprine adenovirus showed that the caprine isolate was antigenically distinct, produced a unique restriction pattern compared with currently recognized bovine, caprine, and ovine adenoviruses, and represents a new adenovirus type. The role and significance of naturally acquired adenovirus infection in respiratory and enteric disease in goats has not been established. Isolation of adenovirus from goats with disease coupled with seroepidemiologic and pathogenicity studies will help define the role of the adenoviruses in disease production. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Dept Agr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Tulare Branch, Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Tulare, CA USA. RP Lehmkuhl, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Dept Agr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 458XR UT WOS:000170221200002 PM 11482595 ER PT J AU Turnquist, SE Ostlund, EN Kreeger, JM Turk, JR AF Turnquist, SE Ostlund, EN Kreeger, JM Turk, JR TI Foxtail-induced ulcerative stomatitis outbreak in a Missouri stable SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Twenty of 25 horses in a well-managed Missouri boarding stable were diagnosed with gingivitis/stomatitis. Gross examination of the affected horses revealed varying degrees of gingivitis ranging from mild periodontal swelling to marked swelling and erythema with ulceration and hemorrhage. Fine hair-like material was embedded within the intensely affected areas. Gingival biopsies from 4 affected horses contained pyogranulomatous inflammation with, in some cases, numerous eosinophils and several grass awns in cross and longitudinal section. Numerous foxtail seed heads were identified in hay samples. Examination of the records revealed that all of the affected horses had been fed the suspect hay, with the exception of I horse. Although not deliberately fed the suspect hay, this horse did have access to the hay when turned out into the exercise paddock. The lesions resolved following a change in hay source. C1 Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Turnquist, SE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, POB 6023, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 238 EP 240 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 458XR UT WOS:000170221200008 PM 11482601 ER PT J AU Rhalem, A Sahibi, H Lasri, S Johnson, WC Kappmeyer, LS Hamidouch, A Knowles, DP Goff, WL AF Rhalem, A Sahibi, H Lasri, S Johnson, WC Kappmeyer, LS Hamidouch, A Knowles, DP Goff, WL TI Validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosing Babesia equi infections of Moroccan origin and its use in determining the seroprevalence of B-equi in Morocco SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN EPITOPE; INHIBITION; ANTIBODY; PIROPLASMS AB A highly specific and sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of specific antibody to Babesia equi in serum from equids was validated for use in Morocco. The assay is based on the specific inhibition of binding of a monoclonal antibody to a conserved epitope within a recombinant parasite peptide by serum from infected animals. The assay was compared to an established indirect immunofluorescence assay, with a concordance of 91%. The assay was used to determine seroprevalence for B. equi. infections in donkeys and horses throughout Morocco. A total of 578 sera (163 horses and 415 donkeys) from 6 locations representing different bioclimatic regions were assayed. An analysis of variance, indicated no significant effect of location; however, donkeys were significantly more likely than horses to be seropositive. Management conditions contribute to greater tick infestations and thus Babesia exposure in donkeys than in horses. C1 Rabat Inst, Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol, Rabat, Morocco. Rabat Inst, Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Med & Churirgie Equine & Canine, Rabat, Morocco. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rhalem, A (reprint author), Rabat Inst, Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 249 EP 251 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 458XR UT WOS:000170221200011 PM 11482604 ER PT J AU Harvey, RB Anderson, RC Farrington, LA Droleskey, RE Genovese, KJ Ziprin, RL Nisbet, DJ AF Harvey, RB Anderson, RC Farrington, LA Droleskey, RE Genovese, KJ Ziprin, RL Nisbet, DJ TI Comparison of GN Hajna and tetrathionate as initial enrichment for salmonellae recovery from swine lymph nodes and cecal contents collected at slaughter SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID CHOLERAESUIS; INFECTION; SPP. AB An epidemiologic survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of salmonellae in swine from 5 farms of an integrated swine operation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recovery efficiencies for salmonellae from swine lymph nodes and cecal contents when GN Hajna and tetrathionate were compared as initial enrichments. Salmonellae were isolated from 61% of 645 pigs at slaughter; 324 positive cultures were from lymph nodes, and 224 were from cecal contents. Frequently, pigs had salmonellae isolated from both the lymph nodes and cecal contents. Total isolations, regardless of source, were similar for GN Hajna (247) and tetrathionate (301). There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the number of isolations from lymph nodes when GN Hajna enrichment was compared with tetrathionate enrichment (174 vs. 150). However, there was a significant (P < 0.05) advantage of utilizing tetrathionate when compared with GN Hajna for isolations from cecal contents (151 vs. 73). C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 258 EP 260 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 458XR UT WOS:000170221200014 PM 11482607 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Watson, MA AF Richards, GP Watson, MA TI Immunochemiluminescent focus assays for the quantitation of hepatitis A virus and rotavirus in cell cultures SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE enhanced chemiluminescence; luminescence; focus inhibition; neutralization; virus quantitation ID ENHANCED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; A VIRUS; RADIOIMMUNOFOCUS ASSAY; ANTIBODY; NEUTRALIZATION; VACCINE AB Two new immunological methods, the luminescent immunofocus assay (LIFA) and the luminescent immunofocus inhibition assay (LIF-IA), are described for the quantitation of cytopathic and non-cytopathic viruses propagated on cell culture monolayers. These methods use enhanced chemiluminescent detection to identify foci (luminescent immunofoci, LIF) of virus-infected cells. Viruses are propagated in susceptible cells under an agarose overlay, inactivated with ultraviolet irradiation, lifted onto nitrocellulose membranes, and probed with virus-specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibody followed by a second antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Membranes are then treated with a luminol-based detection reagent and exposed to light sensitive film for up to 10 min. The film is developed and foci appear as dark, discrete spots which are proportional to the dose of each virus. The LIFA detected both cytopathic and non-cytopathic hepatitis A viruses (HAV) and simian rotavirus. For the cytopathic HAV, the LIFA and plaque counts were comparable. The LIF-IA was developed for HAV using virus-specific antiserum which effectively attenuated LIF formation. The LIFA and LIF-IA may be completed 5 days faster than conventional radioimmunofocus assays for HAV and rotavirus and do not require the use of radiolabeled antibodies, offering safety advantages and making these techniques more adaptable for general use. Luminescent immunofocus assays should be useful for the detection and quantitation of virtually any cytopathic or non-cytopathic virus that can be propagated in monolayer cultures when virus-specific antiserum is available. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAY PY 2001 VL 94 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(01)00275-0 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 431CP UT WOS:000168614600008 PM 11337041 ER PT J AU Blumberg, J AF Blumberg, J TI Antioxidant vitamins: The state-of-the science SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 10 IS 4 BP 396 EP 396 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 441JY UT WOS:000169228300043 ER PT J AU Beharka, AA Paiva, S Leka, LS Ribaya-Mercado, JD Russell, RM Meydani, SN AF Beharka, AA Paiva, S Leka, LS Ribaya-Mercado, JD Russell, RM Meydani, SN TI Effect of age on the gastrointestinal-associated mucosal immune response of humans SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; SALIVARY; ANTIGEN; CELLS; SERUM AB Age-related changes in gastrointestinal-associated mucosal immune response have not been well studied. Thus, we investigated the effect of age on this response and compared these responses to those of peripheral immune cells. Saliva, blood, and intestinal biopsies were collected from young and old healthy subjects to determine immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs). Although subject age did not influence the level of total IgA found in saliva, IgA levels in serum increased (p < .05) with age. Older subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and IL-2 production were significantly lower than those of young subjects. LPLs from older subjects produced significantly less IL-2 in response to all stimuli than did that from the young. IEL's ability to proliferate and produce IL-2 was not affected by subject age. Thus, LPL but not IEL demonstrated an age-related decline in immune function similar to that seen in peripheral lymphocytes. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Gastrointestinal Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. UNESP, Fac Med Botucatu, San Paolo, Brazil. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Paiva, Sergio/A-5101-2008 OI Paiva, Sergio/0000-0003-4412-1990 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 56 IS 5 BP B218 EP B223 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 427CT UT WOS:000168387800004 PM 11320102 ER PT J AU Hughes, VA Frontera, WR Wood, M Evans, WJ Dallal, GE Roubenoff, R Singh, MAF AF Hughes, VA Frontera, WR Wood, M Evans, WJ Dallal, GE Roubenoff, R Singh, MAF TI Longitudinal muscle strength changes in older adults: Influence of muscle mass, physical activity, and health SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ELDERLY MEN; WOMEN; AGE; DISABILITY; QUALITY; TRENDS; TIME AB The longitudinal changes in isokinetic strength of knee and elbow extensors and flexors, muscle mass, physical activity, and health were examined in 120 subjects initially 46 to 78 years old. Sixty-eight women and 52 men were reexamined after 9.7 +/- 1.1 years. The rates of decline in isokinetic strength averaged 14% per decade for knee extensors and 16% per decade for knee flexors in men and women. Women demonstrated slower rates of decline in elbow extensors and flexors (2% per decade) than men (12% per decade). Older subjects demonstrated a greater rate of decline in strength. In men, longitudinal rates of decline of leg muscle strength were similar to 60% greater than estimates from a cross-sectional analysis in the same population. The change in leg strength was directly related to the change in muscle mass in both men and women, and it was inversely related to the change in medication use in men. Physical activity declined yet was not directly associated with strength changes. Although muscle mass changes influenced the magnitude of the strength changes over time, strength declines in spite of muscle mass maintenance or even gain emphasize the need to explore the contribution of other cellular, neural, or metabolic mediators of strength changes. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA USA. Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Univ Arkansas, Med Ctr, Donald W Reynold Dept Geriat, Nutr Metab & Exercise Lab, N Little Rock, AK USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Hughes, VA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 37 TC 279 Z9 286 U1 4 U2 15 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 56 IS 5 BP B209 EP B217 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 427CT UT WOS:000168387800003 PM 11320101 ER PT J AU Handelman, GJ Walter, MF Adhikarla, R Gross, J Dallal, GE Levin, NW Blumberg, JB AF Handelman, GJ Walter, MF Adhikarla, R Gross, J Dallal, GE Levin, NW Blumberg, JB TI Elevated plasma F2-isoprostanes in patients on long-term hemodialysis SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE end-stage renal disease; C-reactive protein; oxidative stress; inflammation ID CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VIVO; MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIALYSIS PATIENTS AB Background. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on long term hemodialysis (HD) may be under increased oxidative stress, caused by either HE or renal failure. Plasma F2-isoprostanes have been established as an important indicator of in vivo oxidative stress. Methods. Plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes were measured in 25 KD patients and 23 controls with normal renal function, employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization (GC-MS-NCI). C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined concurrently in patients and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). alpha -Tocopherol. retinol, albumin and creatinine were also determined. Results. The average total esterified F2-isoprostanes in the ESRD patients was 1.62 +/- 0.73 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.10 ng/mL in controls (P < 0.001), with no overlap between patients and controls. Plasma F2-isoprostanes in diabetic ESRD patients were similar to F2-isoprostanes in patients with other causes for renal failure, In a subset of 10 of these ESRD patients evaluated eight months after the initial measurement. plasma-esterified F2-isoprostanes were not altered by an individual dialysis session. Average plasma CRP values were also higher in HD patients (P < 0.02). but some patients had CRP values that were similar to controls. In the I-ID patients, total plasma F2-isoprostanes and plasma CRP were correlated (I = 0.48, P = 0.015). Plasma cw-tocopherol did not differ between patients and controls, but plasma retinol was higher in patients (3.15 +/- 1.71 mu mol/L) than in controls (1.97 +/- 0.51 mu mol/L, P < 0.05). Conclusions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress in ESRD patients contributes to increased values of esterified plasma F2-isoprostanes, with concurrent increases in plasma CRP levels in some patients. Impaired clearance of esterified F2-isoprostanes may contribute to the elevated levels in renal failure. Plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes may be a useful indicator to evaluate effectiveness of interventions to decrease oxidative stress and associated inflammation. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Renal Res Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Handelman, GJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Hlth & Clin Sci, 3 Solomont Way,Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 45 TC 163 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1960 EP 1966 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590051960.x PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 424VT UT WOS:000168255200038 PM 11318969 ER PT J AU Binkley, M AF Binkley, M TI An ounce of communication SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, APHIS, Anim Care, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Binkley, M (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Anim Care, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 429EA UT WOS:000168502000003 ER PT J AU Cattaneo, A AF Cattaneo, A TI Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: Comparing the impacts of macroeconomic shocks, land tenure, and technological change SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; EASTERN AMAZON; FRONTIER; POLICIES AB The paper examines the current relevance of the set of variables reported in the literature as driving deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. The analysis uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model adapted to capture regional economic structures and the environmental processes specific to tropical areas. The paper compares the impact on deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon of: changes in real exchange rate: modifications in agricultural tax and support policies; reductions in transportation costs arising from investment in infrastructure in the Amazon; changes in land tenure regimes; and technological change in agriculture affecting productivity and agronomic sustainability. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Cattaneo, A (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 77 IS 2 BP 219 EP 240 DI 10.2307/3147091 PG 22 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 446BY UT WOS:000169494100005 ER PT J AU Gardner, HW Grove, MJ AF Gardner, HW Grove, MJ TI Method to produce 9(S)-hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acids by maize lipoxygenase SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID POSITIONAL SPECIFICITY; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; GERM LIPOXYGENASE; CORN GERM; HYDROPEROXIDES; CONVERSION; OXIDATION; TUBERS AB Seed from maize (corn) Zea mays provides a ready source of 9-lipoxygenase that oxidizes linoleic acid and linolenic acid into 9(S)-hydroperoxy-10(E), 12(T)-octadecadienoic acid and 9(S)-hydroperoxy-10(E), 12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, respectively. Corn seed has a very active hydroperoxide-decomposing enzyme, allene oxide synthase (AOS), which must be removed prior to oxidizing the fatty acid. A simple pH 4.5 treatment followed by centrifugation removes most of the AOS activity. Subsequent purification by ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation results in negligible improvement in 9-hydroperoxide formation. This facile alternative method of preparing 9-hydroperoxides has advantages over other commonly used plant lipoxygenases. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gardner, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.1007/s11745-001-0753-1 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 443BJ UT WOS:000169319200013 PM 11432467 ER PT J AU Gee, MR Alldredge, JR Light, D AF Gee, MR Alldredge, JR Light, D TI Use of heart girth to predict body weight of working oxen in the Ethiopian highlands SO LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body weight; heart girth; oxen; draught; Ethiopia AB Few studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa where multiple recordings of heart girth and body weight were made for the same cattle population. In this study, monthly measurements were taken of working oxen on 24 smallholder farms in the Ethiopian highlands for 1 year. The overall yearly mean body weight of oxen across working and nonworking periods was 281+/-37 kg. No significant differences in mean monthly body weights were observed. except for December and January compared to August (297+/-36 and 296+/-37, and 271+/-35 kg, respectively, P < 0.05) and December versus April 272+/-35 kg (P < 0.05). Simple linear regression equations derived from body weight and heart girth measurements were significantly different between months. Nevertheless, separate monthly equations and a single equation for the year explained variation in body weight about the same. The monthly equations predicted 83 to 95% of oxen weights to within +/- 10% of weighbridge values, while the equation for the entire year predicted 87%. The R-2 values for the monthly equations ranged from 0.63 to 0.87 and the R-2 value for the entire year was 0.75. The single equation for the year predicted body weight of oxen as a group to within +/-27 kg of mean monthly weighbridge values, whereas for a single animal the predicted body weight was +/-37 kg of the actual weight (C.I. 95%). The single equation can be used to monitor mean body weight of the oxen population equally well across working and nonworking periods of the year. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Anim Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Washington State Univ, Program Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Gee, MR (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Tannenstr 1, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-6226 J9 LIVEST PROD SCI JI Livest. Prod. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 69 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 432KY UT WOS:000168691800009 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lewis, CG Bureau, I AF Fields, M Lewis, CG Bureau, I TI Aspirin reduces blood cholesterol in copper-deficient rats: A potential antioxidant agent? SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID HEPATIC IRON; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SERUM FERRITIN; STORES; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; FRUCTOSE; OVERLOAD; DISEASE; LIVER AB The purpose of this study was to examine whether the hypocholesterolemic effect of aspirin is to due to its antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress was induced in rats by feeding them a copper-deficient diet. Copper deficiency reduced the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lowered liver copper concentration but elevated liver iron. The combination of reduced SOD activity, high liver iron, and low liver copper resulted in an oxidative stress assessed by increased liver lipid peroxidation compared with copper-adequate controls. In addition, copper-deficient rats exhibited elevation of blood cholesterol. The administration of aspirin lowered both liver lipid peroxidation and blood cholesterol. It is suggested that the hypocholesterolemic properties of aspirin could be due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 ARS, USDA, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France. RP Fields, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, NRFL, Bldg 307,Room 330,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 50 IS 5 BP 558 EP 561 DI 10.1053/meta.2001.22513 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 428CT UT WOS:000168444100008 PM 11319717 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Cartier, E McCracken, CL Dyer, D AF Larson, SR Cartier, E McCracken, CL Dyer, D TI Mode of reproduction and amplified fragment length polymorphism variation in purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra): utilization of natural germplasm sources SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism; Nassella pulchra; self-fertilization ID GENETIC-VARIATION; ISOZYME VARIATION; POPULATIONS; PLANTS; AFLP; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; DIFFERENTIATION; MARKERS; SIZE AB A dominant plant of the California grasslands, purple needlegrass [Nassella pulchra (Hitchc.) Barkworth] is an important revegetation species in its native range. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to elucidate mode of reproduction and nucleotide variation among 11 natural populations and three selected natural germplasm releases of N. pulchra. A total of 12 co-dominant AFLPs, informative within eight populations, failed to reveal any heterozygous individuals, indicating very high selfing rates ((S) over bar (H) = 1). Estimates of nucleotide diversity within populations ranged from 0 to 0.00069 (0.00035 average), whereas the total nucleotide divergence among populations ranged from 0.00107 to 0.00382 (0.00247 average). Measures of population differentiation (G(S)) in terms of Shannon-Weaver diversity values and estimated nucleotide substitutions were 0.90 and 0.86, respectively. Although some of the sample populations contained a mixture of true breeding genotypes, most populations could be distinguished unambiguously. Moreover, geographical distance between the natural source populations was significantly correlated with genetic distance (r = 0.60) among the corresponding sample populations. Results indic ate that inbreeding, combined with founder effects and/or selection, has contributed to the differentiation of N. pulchra populations. Foundation seed populations of the selected natural germplasm releases were genetically well defined and most similar to natural seed collected near the corresponding source populations. Thus, these commercial germplasm sources will be made practically available and useful for conservation plantings within the intended areas of utilization. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Livermore, CA USA. NRCS, USDA, Lockeford Plant Mat Ctr, Lockeford, CA USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM stlarson@cc.usu.edu OI McCracken, Carrie/0000-0002-8038-9727 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1177 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01267.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 432LJ UT WOS:000168692900009 PM 11380875 ER PT J AU Galmarini, CR Goldman, IL Havey, MJ AF Galmarini, CR Goldman, IL Havey, MJ TI Genetic analyses of correlated solids, flavor, and health-enhancing traits in onion (Allium cepa L.) SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE antiplatelet activity; fructans; dry matter; pungency; functional foods ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; SOLUBLE SOLIDS; PLATELET-AGGREGATION; ANTIPLATELET ACTIVITY; CYSTEINE SULFOXIDES; FUNCTIONAL FOODS; SULFUR FERTILITY; PUNGENCY; STORAGE; INULIN AB Onion possesses organosulfur compounds and carbohydrates that provide unique flavor and health-enhancing characteristics. Significant phenotypic correlations have been reported among soluble solids content (SSC), total dry matter, pungency, and onion-induced in vitro antiplatelet activity. A genetic map and segregating F3M families derived from a cross between two inbred populations were used to identify and estimate the effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling these traits at 30 and 90 days postharvest. In vitro antiplatelet activities among different onion populations were consistent across six human blood donors. Most of the populations showed in vitro antiplatelet activities; however, for some donors, one of the parental lines and two F3M families had pro-aggregatory effects under our experimental conditions. SSC, dry matter, pungency, and in vitro antiplatelet activity showed significant positive phenotypic and genetic correlations. A chromosome region on linkage group E accounted for a significant amount of the phenotypic these traits. The correlations among these traits may be due to linkage or pleiotropy of genes controlling solids content. Our results indicate that it will be difficult to develop onion populations with lower pungency and high in vitro antiplatelet activity; however, the strong genetic and phenotypic correlations between high in vitro antiplatelet activity and high SSC are beneficial for the health functionality of onion. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. INTA La Consulta, EEA, RA-5567 Mendoza, Argentina. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 75 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD MAY PY 2001 VL 265 IS 3 BP 543 EP 551 DI 10.1007/s004380100445 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 476GE UT WOS:000171217200018 PM 11405638 ER PT J AU Sundaram, S Kim, SJ Suzuki, H Mcquattie, CJ Hiremath, ST Podila, GK AF Sundaram, S Kim, SJ Suzuki, H Mcquattie, CJ Hiremath, ST Podila, GK TI Isolation and characterization of a symbiosis-regulated ras from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; PAXILLUS-INVOLUTUS; DICTYOSTELIUM-DISCOIDEUM; GENES; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; EFFICIENCY; TRANSPORT AB Ectomycorrhizae formed by the symbiotic interaction between ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant roots play a key role in maintaining and improving the health of a wide range of plants, Mycorrhizal initiation, development, and functional maintenance involve morphological changes that are mediated by activation and suppression of several fungal and plant genes. We identified a gene, Lbras, in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor that belongs to the ras family of genes, which has been shown in other systems to be associated with signaling pathways controlling cell growth and proliferation. The Lbras cDNA complemented ras2 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and had the ability to transform mammalian cells. Expression of Lbras, present as a single copy in the genome, was dependent upon interaction with host roots. Northern analysis showed that expression was detectable in L. bicolor 48 h after interaction as well as in the established mycorrhizal tissue. Phylogenetic analysis with other Ras proteins showed that Lbras is related most closely to Aras of Aspergillus nidulans. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Podila, GK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM gkpodila@mtu.edu NR 48 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 14 IS 5 BP 618 EP 628 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.5.618 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 422WM UT WOS:000168142300004 PM 11332726 ER PT J AU Humpert, AJ Muench, EL Giachini, AJ Castellano, MA Spatafora, JW AF Humpert, AJ Muench, EL Giachini, AJ Castellano, MA Spatafora, JW TI Molecular phylogenetics of Ramaria and related genera: evidence from nuclear large subunit and mitochondrial small subunit rDNA sequences SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Gautieria; Gomphales; Gomphus; mt SSU rDNA; nuc LSU rDNA; Phallales; systematics ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MUSHROOMS AB Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Ramaria and additional related taxa were examined through phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data. Related genera included Clathrus, Clavariadelphus, Gautieria, Gomphus, Hysterangium, Kavinia and Pseudocolus. Outgroup genera included Bondarzewia, Favolus, Ganoderma, Lactarius and Russula. The nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nuc LSU rDNA) (approx. 610 bp) from 78 collections including 34 Ramaria species was used to test generic, subgeneric and selected species concepts for Ramaria. The mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mt SSU rDNA) (ca 470 bp) from 51 representative holobasidiomycetes including ten Ramaria species also was used to independently test the monophyly of the genus Ramaria. Parsimony analyses of both datasets indicated that the genus Ramaria was paraphyletic and that several morphologically distinct groups of holobasidiomycetes were derived from ramarioid ancestors. In the nuc LSU rDNA analyses, Gautieria was nested among the terricolous Ramaria species and was closely related to R. subg Ramaria. The nuc LSU rDNA results also indicated that R subg Laeticolora and R. subg Lentoramaria formed paraphyletic grades. Ramaria subg Laeticolora was paraphyletic due to the terminally derived R. subg Ramaria/Gautieria clade and a nested Gomphus. Ramaria subg Lentoramaria was paraphyletic due to a nested Clavariadelphus, Kavinia, and R. abietina of subg Echinoramaria. Both the nuc LSU rDNA and the mt SSU rDNA analyses demonstrated strong bootstrap support for the inclusion of the Phallales with the ingroup taxa, but the relationship of the Phallales to the Gomphales was indeterminate. Selected species concepts were also tested (e.g., R amyloidea and R. celerivirescens, and R. araiospora and R. stuntzii). These data rejected the monophyly of Ramaria and suggested that the ramarioid morphology and lignicolous substrate affinity were ancestral for the Gomphales. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spatafora, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Giachini, Admir/C-4007-2014 OI Giachini, Admir/0000-0001-8347-003X NR 61 TC 31 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 465 EP 477 DI 10.2307/3761733 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 436KM UT WOS:000168935100008 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Goley, ED Carras, MM Frederick, RD Weber, EL Kuldau, GA AF Tooley, PW Goley, ED Carras, MM Frederick, RD Weber, EL Kuldau, GA TI Characterization of Claviceps species pathogenic on sorghum by sequence analysis of the beta-tubulin gene intron 3 region and EF-1 alpha gene intron 4 SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE detection; ergot; PCR; phylogenetics; sugary disease; taxonomy ID MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; ERGOT PATHOGEN; PRIMER SETS; PURPUREA; AUSTRALIA; AFRICANA; EPICHLOE; COMPLEX; AMERICA; PCR AB The intron 3 region of the beta -tubulin gene, and intron 4 of the translation elongation factor gene were PCR-amplified, cloned, and sequenced to determine relationships among Claviceps species and characterize isolates of Claviceps causing ergot of sorghum in the USA and other countries. The beta -tubulin gene intron 3 region and intron 4 of the EF-1 alpha gene allowed clear differentiation of five species (C. africana, C. sorghicola, C. purpurea, C. fusiformis, and C. paspali), two of which (C. africana and C. sorghicola) are pathogens of sorghum, with almost no intraspecific variation observed among isolates. Claviceps isolates obtained from sorghum in the USA contained beta -tubulin gene intron 3 region sequences identical to those, of C. africana isolates from India, Australia, and South Africa. PCR primers were designed from unique sequences within the beta -tubulin intron 3 region that can differentiate the five Claviceps species used in this study. We describe primers that allow direct PCR detection of C. africana from honeydew produced on infected sorghum plants, providing a useful tool for analysis of field samples. The beta -tubulin gene intron 3 region and EF-1 alpha intron 4 should prove useful in phylogenetic and epidemiological studies of additional Claviceps species. C1 ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.2307/3761739 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 436KM UT WOS:000168935100014 ER PT J AU McAlpin, CE AF McAlpin, CE TI An Aspergillus flavus mutant producing stipitate sclerotia and synnemata SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE carbohydrates; C : N ratio; DNA fingerprinting; nitrogen; Stilbothamnium; Trichocomaceae ID STILBOTHAMNIUM-TOGOENSE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; GROWTH; ROLFSII; FUNGI; LIGHT; DNA AB The ability to produce stipitate sclerotia by a mutant culture NRRL 29254 derived from Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357 that produces sessile sclerotia is reported for the first time. The mutant produced stipitate sclerotia on Czapek agar (CZA) and synnemata formed on Murashige-Skoog agar (MSA) and on oatmeal agar. Temperature, light, and pH influenced stipitate and sessile sclerotium formation. Sclerotial yield was greatly affected by the type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources but not significantly by the C:N ratio. Stipitate sclerotia were abundant when the carbon source in CZA was replaced with dextrose, fructose, melibiose or xylose whereas MSA amended with fructose, mannitol or sorbitol produced numerous erect synnematous structures instead of stipitate sclerotia. Glycine-, asparagine-, or threonine-amended CZA supported abundant production of stipitate sclerotia comparable to those obtained when the nitrogen sources were NaNO(3) and KN0(3), while CZA amended with lysine, serine, proline or hydroxyproline produced mostly synnemata. The wild type and the mutant were very similar in morphology, cultural and physiological characteristics, and DNA fingerprints, but the wild type produced only sessile sclerotia and no synnemata. The production of stipitate sclerotia by the mutant substantiates previous suggestions for an evolutionary link between A. flavus and Stilbothamnium togoense, a tropical fungus that produces stipitate and sessile sclerotia. Weak bands were detected when the genomic DNA of S. togoense was fingerprinted using the DNA probe pAF28 derived from A. flavus, suggesting some degree of DNA homology between these two fungi. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP McAlpin, CE (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 552 EP 565 DI 10.2307/3761740 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 436KM UT WOS:000168935100015 ER PT J AU Neumann, P Pirk, CWW Hepburn, HR Solbrig, AJ Ratnieks, FLW Elzen, PJ Baxter, JR AF Neumann, P Pirk, CWW Hepburn, HR Solbrig, AJ Ratnieks, FLW Elzen, PJ Baxter, JR TI Social encapsulation of beetle parasites by Cape honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera capensis Esch.) SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article AB Worker honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis) encapsulate the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida), a nest parasite, in propolis (tree resin collected by the bees). The encapsulation process lasts 1-4 days and the bees have a sophisticated guarding strategy for limiting the escape of beetles during encapsulation. Some encapsulated beetles died (4.9%) and a few escaped (1.6%). Encapsulation has probably evolved because the small hive beetle cannot easily be killed by the bees due to its hard exoskeleton and defensive behaviour. C1 Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Zool Mol Okol, D-06099 Halle, Germany. Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Neumann, P (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Zool Mol Okol, Krollwitzerstr 44, D-06099 Halle, Germany. RI Pirk, Christian /E-4180-2010 OI Pirk, Christian /0000-0001-6821-7044 NR 7 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD MAY PY 2001 VL 88 IS 5 BP 214 EP 216 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 448YB UT WOS:000169656600004 PM 11482434 ER PT J AU Norby, RJ Kobayashi, K Kimball, BK AF Norby, RJ Kobayashi, K Kimball, BK TI Rising CO2 - future ecosystems - Commentary SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); ecosystems; atmospheric CO2; modeling; scale ID AIR CO-2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; RESPONSES; FOREST; YIELD AB 'Every beginning biology student knows that photo-synthesis will increase if you give a plant a 'squirt' of CO2 - given enough light, nutrients, and water and a suitable temperature. Logic tells us that if this is so, then more CO2 in the atmosphere should mean more photosynthesis. This, in turn, should mean more yield or accumulated carbon in plants. This logic is fine for beginning biology; unfortunately, nature is not that simple' (Lemon, 1983). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Norby, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 46 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 150 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00118.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426RE UT WOS:000168361500001 ER PT J AU Ottman, MJ Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Vanderlip, RL Leavitt, SW LaMorte, RL Matthias, AD Brooks, TJ AF Ottman, MJ Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Vanderlip, RL Leavitt, SW LaMorte, RL Matthias, AD Brooks, TJ TI Elevated CO2 increases sorghum biomass under drought conditions SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); growth; leaf area index (LAI); sorghum (Sorghum bicolor); water stress; yield ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; OLD-FIELD PERENNIALS; GLYCINE-MAX; SOIL-WATER; GROWTH; FACE; RESPONSES; SUNFLOWER; FACILITY; WHEAT AB Atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to increase by 50% near the middle of this century. The effects the free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) is presented here on growth and development of field-grown grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at ample (wet) and limiting (dry) levels of irrigation water at Maricopa, AZ, USA. Daytime CO2 mole fractions were 561 and 368 mu mol mol(-1) for the FACE and control treatments, respectively. Irrigation plus precipitation averaged 1132 mm for the wet plots and 396 mm in the dry plots. During the growing season, FACE increased biomass accumulation in the dry plots but the effects in the wet plots were inconsistent. At final harvest, FACE increased total yield from 999 to 1151 g m(-2) in the dry plots and had no effect in the wet plots. If atmospheric CO2 continues to increase, total sorghum yield is likely to be higher in the future in areas where water is limited. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ottman, MJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, 303 Forbes Bldg, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mottman@ag.arizona.edu NR 33 TC 84 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 150 IS 2 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00110.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426RE UT WOS:000168361500006 ER PT J AU Cousins, AB Adam, NR Wall, GW Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Leavitt, SW LaMorte, RL Matthias, AD Ottman, MJ Thompson, TL Webber, AN AF Cousins, AB Adam, NR Wall, GW Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Leavitt, SW LaMorte, RL Matthias, AD Ottman, MJ Thompson, TL Webber, AN TI Reduced photorespiration and increased energy-use efficiency in young CO2-enriched sorghum leaves SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE sorghum (Sorghum bicolor); C-4 photosynthesis; free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); elevated CO2; photorespiration; energy efficiency ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; INORGANIC CARBON POOL; BUNDLE SHEATH-CELLS; ELEVATED CO2; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOTOSYSTEM-II AB To determine the response of C-4 plants to elevated CO2 it is necessary to establish whether young leaves have a fully developed C-4 photosynthetic apparatus, and whether photosynthesis in these leaves is responsive to elevated CO2. The effect of free-air CO2 enrich ment (FACE) on the photosynthetic development of the C-4 crop Sorghum bicolor was monitored. Simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence and carbon assimilation were made to determine energy utilization, quantum yields of carbon fixation (phi CO2) and photosystem II (phi PSII), as well as photorespiration. Assimilation in the second leaf of FACE plants was 37% higher than in control plants and lower apparent rates of photorespiration at growth CO2 concentrations were exhibited. In these leaves, phi PSII : phi CO2 was high at low atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) due to overcycling of the C-4 pump and increased leakiness. As Ca increased, phi PSII : phi CO2 decreased as a greater proportion of energy derived from linear electron transfer was used by the C-3 cycle. The stimulation of C-4 photosynthesis at elevated Ca in young leaves was partially due to suppressed photorespiration. Additionally, elevated Ca enhanced energy-use efficiency in young leaves, possibly by decreasing CO2 leakage from bundle sheath cells, and by decreasing overcycling of the C-4 pump. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Study Early Events Photosynthesis, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Webber, AN (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, POB 871601, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 150 IS 2 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00112.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426RE UT WOS:000168361500007 ER PT J AU Williams, DG Gempko, V Fravolini, A Leavitt, SW Wall, GW Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ LaMorte, R Ottman, M AF Williams, DG Gempko, V Fravolini, A Leavitt, SW Wall, GW Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ LaMorte, R Ottman, M TI Carbon isotope discrimination by Sorghum bicolor under CO2 enrichment and drought SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE bundle sheath leakiness; carbon isotope discrimination; C-4 photosynthesis; drought; elevated CO2; free-air CO2; enrichment; FACE; Sorghum bicolor ID ELEVATED CO2; QUANTUM YIELDS; GAS-EXCHANGE; C-4 GRASSES; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; RESPONSES; SUGARCANE; DIOXIDE AB Sorghum bicolor was exposed to free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) and drought at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, AZ, USA, in summer 1998. We predicted that bundle sheath leakiness (Phi) would be insensitive to FACE under well-irrigated (wet) conditions, but would be lower in FACE compared with control-CO2 treatments when irrigation was withheld (dry). Leaf and air delta C-13 values and leaf p(i)/p(a) from gas exchange were measured to estimate carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) and Phi. Midday leaf water potential (Psi) and photosynthetic rate were simultaneously measured to evaluate the influence of plant water status on Phi and the association between Phi and carbon gain. Irrigation treatments affected Psi, p(i)/p(a), Delta and Phi in control CO2 and FACE rings. Differences in leaf Delta between wet- and dry-treatment plots resulted from changes in Phi and to stomatal influences on p(i)/p(a). FACE had very little effect on Psi, Delta and Phi in wet-treatment plots. However, Phi and Delta in dry plots were higher in control than in FACE rings. FACE ameliorated the effects of drought on bundle sheath leakiness and Delta by reducing transpiration, prolonging soil water availability and enhancing plant water status. Direct effects of CO2 enrichment on C-4 photosynthetic metabolism in Sorghum apparently are minimal and indirect effects depend on soil water supply. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Williams, DG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 36 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 150 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00093.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426RE UT WOS:000168361500008 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Morris, CF Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Hunsaker, DJ Adamsen, FJ LaMorte, RL Leavitt, SW Thompson, TL Matthias, AD Brooks, TJ AF Kimball, BA Morris, CF Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Hunsaker, DJ Adamsen, FJ LaMorte, RL Leavitt, SW Thompson, TL Matthias, AD Brooks, TJ TI Elevated CO2, drought and soil nitrogen effects on wheat grain quality SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum (wheat) grain; quality; nitrogen; Free air CO2 enrichment (FACE); drought; water-stress; global change; protein ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION; USE EFFICIENCY; WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; WATER-USE; YIELD; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB The likely consequences of future high revels of atmospheric CO2 concentration on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain nutritional and baking quality were determined. Two free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE; 550 mmol mol(-1)) experiments were conducted at ample (Wet) and limiting (Dry) levels of irrigation, and a further two experiments at ample (High-N) and limiting (Low-N) nitrogen concentrations. Harvested grain samples were subjected to a battery of nutritional and bread-making quality tests. The Dry treatment improved grain quality slightly (protein +2%; bread loaf volume +3%). By contrast, Low-N decreased quality drastically (protein -36%; loaf volume -26%). At ample water and N, FACE decreased quality slightly (protein -5%; loaf volume -2%) in the irrigation experiments and there was no change in the nitrogen experiments. At Low-N, FACE tended to make the deleterious effects of Low-N worse (protein -33% and -39%, at ambient CO2 and FACE, respectively; loaf volume -22% and -29% at ambient CO2 and FACE, respectively). The data suggest that future elevated CO2 concentrations will exacerbate the deleterious effects of low soil nitrogen on grain quality, but with ample nitrogen fertilizer, the effects will be minor. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. ARS, Western Whet Qual Lab, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 49 TC 85 Z9 115 U1 9 U2 48 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 150 IS 2 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00107.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426RE UT WOS:000168361500009 ER PT J AU Leavitt, SW Pendall, E Paul, EA Brooks, T Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Johnson, HB Matthias, A Wall, GW LaMorte, RL AF Leavitt, SW Pendall, E Paul, EA Brooks, T Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Johnson, HB Matthias, A Wall, GW LaMorte, RL TI Stable-carbon isotopes and soil organic carbon in wheat under CO2 enrichment SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE wheat; carbon isotopes; carbon sequestration; global change; free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); soil organic carbon; SOM ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; NITROGEN; MATTER; COTTON; INPUT; FACE; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS; AMBIENT AB Stable-carbon isotopic tracers were enlisted in 1996 and 1997 wheat (Triticum aestivum) free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments to detect entry of new C into soil organic carbon (SOC) pools. Any enhanced soil inputs might mitigate rising atmospheric CO2. The CO2 used to enrich FACE plots (to ambient +190 mu mol mol(-1)) resulted in C-13-depleted wheat relative to ambient plants and the native SOC. To trace new C in control plots C-4-plant-derived exotic soils were placed into subplots in high-N FACE and control treatments, and a (CO2)-C-13 gas tracer was pulsed to subplots in high-N control replicates. Under high-N, isotopic mass balance showed 6% (P = 0.003) and 5% (P = 0.04) new C in 0-15-cm and 15-30-cm FACE SOC, respectively, after 2 yr. Results from the C-4-soil subplots were ambiguous, but the (CO2)-C-13 tracer induced a SOC delta C-13 increase (P = 0.08) at 15-30 cm in control-high N consistent with 6% new C. We infer c. 3% year(-1) (30-40 g C m(-2) yr(-1)) SOC turnover in surface soils at high-N under both ambient and elevated CO2. The (CO2)-C-13-tracer result, however, is less reliable because of lower significance, fewer replicates and heterogeneous isotopic distribution within plants. C1 Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Leavitt, SW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969 NR 34 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 150 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00113.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426RE UT WOS:000168361500010 ER PT J AU Grossman-Clarke, S Pinter, EJ Kartschall, T Kimball, BA Hunsaker, DJ Wall, GW Garcia, RL LaMorte, RL AF Grossman-Clarke, S Pinter, EJ Kartschall, T Kimball, BA Hunsaker, DJ Wall, GW Garcia, RL LaMorte, RL TI Modelling a spring wheat crop under elevated CO2 and drought SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; spring wheat; simulation model; soil water limitation; CO2 effect ID ENRICHMENT FACE EXPERIMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER-STRESS; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; STOMATAL RESPONSE; AVAILABLE ENERGY; ABSCISIC-ACID; PLANT-GROWTH; 2-LEAF MODEL AB The simulation model DEMETER was used here to investigate which mechanisms led to a larger CO2 effect on biomass production and yield of a spring wheat crop under drought compared with unlimited water supply. Field data of the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) wheat experiments in Arizona (1993-94) were used to test the model. The influence of a particular mechanism leading to a higher CO2 effect under drought was investigated by eliminating the influence of the other causes on the simulation results on selected days during the growing seasons. A larger CO2 effect under drought was caused in the model by the lower potential transpiration rate, higher root biomass and the nonlinear functional dependence of net assimilation rate on leaf internal CO2 concentration. The contribution of the different mechanisms changed in significance during the growl ng season depending on the degree of soil water limitation. The model successfully described the qualitative and quantitative behaviour of the crop under elevated CO2. A well-tested simulation model can be a useful tool in understanding the complex interactions underlying observed ecosystem responses to stress under elevated CO2. C1 Arizona State Univ, Environm Fluid Dynam Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. LI COR Inc, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. RP Grossman-Clarke, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Environm Fluid Dynam Program, POB 879809, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 72 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 150 IS 2 BP 315 EP 335 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00098.x PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426RE UT WOS:000168361500011 ER PT J AU Dunham, J Rieman, B Davis, K AF Dunham, J Rieman, B Davis, K TI Sources and magnitude of sampling error in redd counts for bull trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; RIVER AB Monitoring of salmonid populations often involves annual redd counts, but the validity of this method has seldom been evaluated. We conducted redd counts of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in two streams in northern Idaho to address four issues: (1) relationships between adult escapements and redd counts; (2) interobserver variability in redd counts; (3) sources of interobserver variability; and (4) temporal and spatial variation in spawning activity. We found that estimated adult escapements and redd counts were strongly correlated on a logarithmic scale, but both sources of data probably contained large estimation or observation errors. In particular, redd counts varied significantly among observers in replicate counting trials. Observer counts ranged between 28% and 254% of the best estimates of actual redd numbers. Counting errors included both omissions and false identifications. Correlations between counting errors and redd and habitat characteristics were highly variable and provided limited insights into potential causes of sampling error. Finally, we found significant spatial and temporal variability in spawning activity, which should be considered in establishing index areas for redd counts and the timing of counts. Our results suggest substantial improvements are needed to make redd counts and unbiased estimates of adult escapement more useful for population monitoring. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Panhandle Natl Forests, Sandpoint Ranger Dist, Sandpoint, ID 83864 USA. RP Dunham, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 20 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0343:SAMOSE>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FJ UT WOS:000174289100008 ER PT J AU Howarth, NC Saltzman, E Roberts, SB AF Howarth, NC Saltzman, E Roberts, SB TI Dietary fiber and weight regulation SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1; SUBSEQUENT FOOD-INTAKE; ENERGY-INTAKE; DOUBLE-BLIND; FAT-CONTENT; GUAR GUM; OBESE SUBJECTS; BODY-WEIGHT; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY AB The influence of dietary fiber on energy regulation remains controversial. This review summarizes published studies on the effects of dietary fiber on hunger, satiety, energy intake, and body composition in healthy individuals. Under conditions of fixed energy intake, the majority of studies indicate that an increase in either soluble or insoluble fiber intake increases postmeal satiety and decreases subsequent hunger. When energy intake is ad libitum, mean values for published studies indicate that consumption of an additional 14 g/day fiber for >2 days is associated with a 10% decrease in energy intake and body weight loss of 1.9 kg over 3.8 months. Furthermore, obese individuals may exhibit a greater suppression of energy intake and body weight loss (mean energy intake in all studies was reduced to 82% by higher fiber intake in overweight/obese people versus 94% in lean people; body weight loss was 2.4 kg versus 0.8 kg). These amounts are very similar to the mean changes in energy intake and body weight changes observed when dietary fat content is lowered from 38% to 24% of energy intake in controlled studies of nonobese and obese subjects. The observed changes in energy intake and body weight occur both when the fiber is from naturally high-fiber foods and when it is from a fiber supplement. In view of the fact that mean dietary fiber intake in the United States is currently only 15 g/day (ie., approximately half the American Heart Association recommendation of 25-30 g/day), efforts to increase dietary fiber in individuals consuming < 25 g/day may help to decrease the currently high national prevalence of obesity. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Howarth, NC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46124] NR 120 TC 422 Z9 437 U1 15 U2 99 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 59 IS 5 BP 129 EP 139 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 439YF UT WOS:000169144600001 PM 11396693 ER PT J AU McKeown, NM Jacques, P Mayer, J AF McKeown, NM Jacques, P Mayer, J TI Whole grain intake and risk of ischemic stroke in women SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY FIBER; YOUNG-ADULTS; OLDER WOMEN; US MEN AB In a recent prospective study, whole grain intake was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke. Refined grain, however, did not elicit such protection. Given the potential health benefits associated with whole grain diets, further exploration on the effects of whole grains on health and risk of chronic disease is warranted. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McKeown, NM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 59 IS 5 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 439YF UT WOS:000169144600003 PM 11396695 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL AF Tucker, KL TI Eat a variety of healthful foods: Old advice with new support SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DIETARY; MORTALITY; QUALITY; WOMEN AB Although dietary guidelines have long advised eating a variety of foods, most nutrition research has focused on specific nutrients and their relationships to health and disease. The recent failure of several randomized trials to confirm results of observational studies linking specific nutrients to disease outcomes, and a growing understanding of the beneficial phytochemicals in the natural food supply, has redirected attention to the complexity and importance of the foods themselves. Studies identifying associations between diet quality and mortality are beginning to quantify the importance of eating a variety of healthful foods and are helping to refine that advice. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 59 IS 5 BP 156 EP 158 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 439YF UT WOS:000169144600005 PM 11396697 ER PT J AU Gende, SM Quinn, TP Willson, MF AF Gende, SM Quinn, TP Willson, MF TI Consumption choice by bears feeding on salmon SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE foraging behavior; brown bears; Ursus salmon; Oncorhynchus ID GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULLS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BROWN BEARS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BLACK BEARS; SELECTIVE PREDATION; URSUS-ARCTOS; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY; STABLE-ISOTOPES AB Consumption choice by brown (Ursus arctos) and black bears (U. americanus) feeding on salmon was recorded for over 20,000 bear-killed fish from 1994 to 1999 in Bristol Bay (sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka) and southeastern Alaska (pink, O. gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta). These data revealed striking patterns of partial and selective consumption that varied with relative availability and attributes of the fish. As the availability of salmon decreased, bears consumed a larger proportion of each fish among both years and habitats. When availability was high (absolute number and density of salmon), bears consumed less biomass per captured fish, targeting energy-rich fish (those that had not spawned) or energy-rich body parts (eggs in females; brain in males). In contrast, individual fish were consumed to a much greater extent, regardless of sex or spawning status, in habitats or years of low salmon availability. The proportion of biomass consumed per fish was similar for males and females, when spawning status was statistically controlled, but bears targeted different body parts: the body flesh, brain and dorsal hump in males and the roe in females. Bears thus appeared to maximize energy intake by modifying the amount and body parts consumed, based on availability and attributes of spawning salmon. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gende, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM gende@u.washingtone.du NR 61 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2001 VL 127 IS 3 BP 372 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s004420000590 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434ED UT WOS:000168801400010 ER PT J AU Tewksbury, JJ Lloyd, JD AF Tewksbury, JJ Lloyd, JD TI Positive interactions under nurse-plants: spatial scale, stress gradients and benefactor size SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE benefactor size; ecological scaling; facilitation; Olneya; stress gradients ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; SONORAN DESERT; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; NATURAL COMMUNITIES; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; CARNEGIEA-GIGANTEA; QUERCUS-DOUGLASII; NEST MATERIAL AB Positive interactions often play an important role in structuring plant communities and increasing biological diversity. Using three scales of resolution, we examine the importance of a long-lived desert tree, iron-wood (Olneya tesota), in structuring plant communities and promoting biological diversity in the Sonoran Desert. We examined the positive effects of Olneya canopies of different sizes on plant communities in mesic and xeric habitats throughout the central Gulf Coast subregion of Sonora, Mexico. In xeric sites, Olneya canopies had strong positive effects on plant richness and abundance, and small positive effects on the size of plants, underscoring the role of facilitation in extreme environments. In mesic sites, Olneya canopies had very little effect on perennials and a negative effect on ephemeral richness, suggesting predominantly competitive effects in this less stressful environment. Overall, Olneya canopies increased biological diversity where abiotic stress was high, but did not increase diversity in more mesic areas. Thus Olneya canopies caused consistent shifts in plant-community structure among xeric and mesic sites, but not when these landscapes were combined. Benefactor size also mediated positive interactions, with larger Olneya canopies supporting larger perennials in both xeric and mesic sites. Thus stress gradients and benefactor size both influenced the balance of facilitative and competitive effects under nurse-plant canopies, and the spatial scale at which facilitative effects shape community structure. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Savannah River Inst, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Tewksbury, JJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 82 TC 161 Z9 174 U1 8 U2 71 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2001 VL 127 IS 3 BP 425 EP 434 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434ED UT WOS:000168801400015 ER PT J AU Cullings, KW Vogler, DR Parker, VT Makhija, S AF Cullings, KW Vogler, DR Parker, VT Makhija, S TI Defoliation effects on the ectomycorrhizal community of a mixed Pinus contorta/Picea engelmannii stand in Yellowstone Park SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE community ecology; Ectomycorrhizae; ITS-RFLP; PCR; Yellowstone ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION; PINYON PINES; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; SEQUENCE DATABASE; NITROGEN; FOREST; FUNGAL; IDENTIFICATION; ACQUISITION AB Molecular genetic methods were used to determine whether artificial defoliation affects ectomycorrhizal (EM) colonization, EM fungal species richness, and species composition in a mixed Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)/Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) forest in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. All lodgepole pines in three replicate plots were defoliated 50%, while Engelmann spruce were left untreated. This was done to determine how defoliation of one conifer species would affect EM mutualisms of both treated and neighboring, untreated conifers. The results indicated no significant effect on either EM colonization (142.0 EM tips/core in control plots and 142.4 in treatment plots) or species richness (5.0 species/core in controls and 4.5 in treatments). However, the relative abundance of EM of the two tree species shifted from a ratio of approximately 6:1 without treatment (lodgepole EM:spruce EM), to a near 1:1 ratio post-treatment. This shift may be responsible for maintaining total EM colonization and species richness following defoliation. In addition, EM species composition changed significantly post-defoliation; the system dominant, an Inocybe species, was rare in defoliation plots, while Agaricoid and Suilloid species that were rare in controls were dominant in treatments. Furthermore, species of EM fungi associating with both lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce were affected, which indicates that changing the photosynthetic capacity of one species can affect mycorrhizal associations of neighboring non-defoliated trees. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Cullings, KW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2001 VL 127 IS 4 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1007/s004420000610 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 440YK UT WOS:000169204100010 ER PT J AU Coppin, P Nackaerts, K Queen, L Brewer, H AF Coppin, P Nackaerts, K Queen, L Brewer, H TI Operational monitoring of green biomass change for forest management SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LANDSAT DIGITAL DATA; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; VEGETATION INDEXES; CLASSIFICATION AB Forest managers are in constant need of accurate, up-to-date resource information. A first attempt towards an operational, quantitative, remote-sensing-based change detection system is described. The change information derived from this system can then be used either to "flag" those areas that require additional detailed investigation, or to monitor conditions to determine if changes occur as expected. The digital change defection system described is based on standardized differences of Kauth-Thomas transformations. Minimum-distance, maximum-likelihood, and Mahalanobis-distance classifiers were tested with field data and compared. The maximum-likelihood and Mahalanobis-distance classifiers produced the more accurate results. They were able to detect small amounts of change resulting from forest thinnings, which are the most difficult to discriminate. Overall results of this work demonstrated the high potential value of an operational, digital, quantitative change detection system to support forest management decisions across large geographic extents. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Dept Land Management, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Ecol Applicat Serv Team, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Coppin, P (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Dept Land Management, Vital Decosterstr 102, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RI Coppin, Pol/A-5201-2013 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 67 IS 5 BP 603 EP 611 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 428MP UT WOS:000168465700011 ER PT J AU Sicher, RC Bunce, JA AF Sicher, RC Bunce, JA TI Adjustments of net photosynthesis in Solanum tuberosum in response to reciprocal changes in ambient and elevated growth CO2 partial pressures SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; ACCLIMATION; LEAVES; WHEAT; ENRICHMENT; RUBISCO; BIOCHEMISTRY; CONDUCTANCE AB Single leaf photosynthetic rates and various leaf components of potato (Solanum tuberosum L,) were studied 1-3 days after reciprocally transferring plants between the ambient and elevated growth CO2 treatments. Plants were raised from individual tuber sections in controlled environment chambers at either ambient (36 Pa) or elevated (72 Pa) CO,. One half of the plants in each growth CO2 treatment were transferred to the opposite CO2 treatment 34 days after sowing (DAS), Net photosynthesis (P-n) rates and various leaf components were then measured 34, 35 and 37 DAS at both 36 and 72 Pa CO2. Three-day means of single leaf P-n rates, leaf starch, glucose, initial and total Rubisco activity, Rubisco protein, chlorophyll (a + b), chlorophyll (a/b), alpha -amino N, and nitrate levels differed significantly in the continuous ambient and elevated CO2 treatments. Acclimation of single leaf P-n rates was partially to completely reversed 3 days after elevated CO2-grown plants were shifted to ambient CO2, whereas there was little evidence of photosynthetic acclimation 3 days after ambient CO2-grown plants were shifted to elevated CO2. In a four-way comparison of the 36, 72, 36 to 72 (shifted up) and 72 to 36 (shifted down) Pa CO2 treatments 37 DAS, leaf starch, soluble carbohydrates, Rubisco protein and nitrate were the only photosynthetic factors that differed significantly. Simple and multiple regression analyses suggested that negative changes of P-n in response to growth CO2 treatment were most closely correlated with increased leaf starch levels. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sicher, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Bldg 046-A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 112 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120108.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 429NM UT WOS:000168523900008 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD Smith, DL Green, KC AF Whitaker, BD Smith, DL Green, KC TI Cloning, characterization and functional expression of a phospholipase D alpha cDNA from tomato fruit SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID ACID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CASTOR BEAN-LEAVES; D-GAMMA; D-BETA; SENESCENCE; ARABIDOPSIS; CELLS; LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE; HETEROGENEITY; PURIFICATION AB Phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) initiates phospholipid (PL) catabolism in plant cells and is also involved in signal transduction and retailoring of membrane PL. Phosphatidic acid (PA), the product of PLD hydrolysis of PL, increases in pericarp tissue during ripening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit, suggesting that increased PLD activity may be involved in loss of membrane function associated with ripening. However, a recent report showed a decline in soluble PLD activity in both normal and nonripening mutant fruit over the span that encompasses full ripening. To directly assess the role of PLD in tomato ripening, we have initiated a molecular genetic approach, Using a PLD alpha cDNA from castor bean as a probe, a PLD alpha cDNA (LEPLD2) was isolated from a tomato fruit library, It has an open reading frame of 2421 nucleotides, predicted to encode a polypeptide of 807 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 91.9 kDa. These values are close to those of PLD alphas from 11 plant species and LEPLD2 has greater than or equal to 73% nucleotide sequence identity with PLD alpha cDNAs from castor bean and tobacco, as well as another tomato cDNA, LEPLD2 transcript was detected in all tissues of the tomato plant by RNA gel-blot analysis, Levels were very low in roots, low in stems, moderate in leaves, high in Rowers and increased in fruit during development and ripening. Expression of LEPLD2 in Escherichia coli yielded phospha tidylcholine-hydrolyzing enzyme, and cells transformed with a pFLAG-MAC vector construct produced a FLAG-PLD alpha fusion protein that migrated close to the calculated 94 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 112 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120112.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 429NM UT WOS:000168523900012 ER PT J AU Rhind, SM McMillen, SR Pekas, JC Duff, E AF Rhind, SM McMillen, SR Pekas, JC Duff, E TI The role of cholecystokinin in the expression of seasonal variation in the feed intake and eating pattern of red deer (Cervus elaphus) SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE cholecystokinin; season; deer; food intake; hormones ID FOOD-INTAKE; GROWTH; INSULIN; SHEEP; IMMUNIZATION; OCTAPEPTIDE; HORMONE; LAMBS; SWINE; CCK AB The role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the expression of seasonal variation in feed intake and feeding activity in ruminants was investigated by active immunisation of castrated male red deer (Cervus elaphus). In April, animals of two groups (five animals per group) were immunised against either CCK or vehicle solution only and booster injections were administered at 2-month intervals for the following year. Measurements were conducted for a period of more than a year from July. There were no significant effects of immunisation on mean daily food intake. However, there was a significant interaction (P < .01) between immunisation and month (season), with respect to rate of feed ingestion during meals, with animals immunised against CCK exhibiting higher mean rates of ingestion during October to May but lower mean rates during June to September. It is concluded that systemic CCK has a role in the expression of seasonal variation in the rate of feed ingestion during meals in ruminants and that this, in turn, may affect the pattern of seasonal change in daily feed intake. Since there was no evidence of differences with treatment in profiles of insulin, growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T-4), triiodothyronine (T-3), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or prolactin, it is unlikely that this effect is expressed through changes in the profiles of these hormones. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QJ, Scotland. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Biomath & Stat Scotland, Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QJ, Scotland. RP Rhind, SM (reprint author), Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QJ, Scotland. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0031-9384(01)00470-X PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 441PU UT WOS:000169239400026 PM 11399313 ER PT J AU Ishida, BK Ma, J Chan, B AF Ishida, BK Ma, J Chan, B TI A simple, rapid method for HPLC analysis of lycopene isomers SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HPLC analysis; lycopene; lycopene isomers; tomato ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANS-CAROTENOID ISOMERS; BETA-CAROTENE; HUMAN PLASMA; STATIONARY-PHASE; SEPARATION; CIS; RETINOL; STABILITY; PROSTATE AB A rapid method for the extraction, separation and quantification of the geometric isomers of lycopene and beta -carotene from tomato fruit is described. Carotenoids in tomato were separated and eluted using a reversed-phase HPLC with a C-30 column and a mobile phase consisting of methyl-t-butyl ether, methanol and ethyl acetate, The system provided sharp resolution of cis- and trans-isomers of lycopene within approximately 23 min in contrast to the longer and more complex gradient procedures required by previously described methods. Experiments indicate that the stability of extracts of fresh tomato may be improved if stored at -20 degreesC, and that the presence of the antioxidant BHA has no apparent effect on stability. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ishida, BK (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 12 IS 3 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1002/pca.576 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 437VD UT WOS:000169013500007 PM 11705025 ER PT J AU Bao, JR Lazarovits, G AF Bao, JR Lazarovits, G TI Differential colonization of tomato roots by nonpathogenic and pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strains may influence Fusarium wilt control SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE root colonization ID MONITORING TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; F-SP DIANTHI; GUS GENE; FUNGAL COLONIZATION; GLUCURONIDASE GENE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; RESISTANT; TOOL AB Histochemical staining, P-glucuronidase (GUS) activity, or placing roots on agar were methods used to characterize interactions between the pathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and the nonpathogenic biocontrol F. oxysporum strain 70T01 with respect to colonization behaviors, interaction sites, and population densities on tomato roots. Mycelia of strain 70T01, a genetic transformant expressing stable GUS activity, hygromycin B resistance, and effective disease control, were localized in epidermal and cortex cell layers of tomato roots in a discontinuous and uneven pattern. In contrast mycelia of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were found in the vascular bundles. Thus, direct interactions between the two fungi likely happen in the root surface cell layers. Colonization density of strain 70T01 was related to the inoculation density but decreased with distance from the inoculation site. Host defense reactions, including increased cell wall thickness or papilla deposits, were adjacent to 70T01 hyphae. Experiments done in soil showed that strain 70T01 densities in roots were highest at inoculation zones and barely detectable for root segments more than 2 cm away from the inoculation sites. F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici densities were lowest at 70T01 inoculation zones and highest (>10 times) where strain 70T01 was not directly applied. Newly elongating roots where strain 70T01 did not reach were available for infection by the pathogen. The higher strain 70T01 density was always found when he plants were simultaneously infected by F. oxysporum f. sp, lycopersici, suggesting that F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici has as much influence in predisposing the plant to colonization by strain 70T01 as strain 70T01 has on providing disease protection against the pathogen. C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Plant Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, So Crop Protect & Food Res Ctr, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. RP Lazarovits, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lazarovitsg@em.agr.ca NR 32 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2001 VL 91 IS 5 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.5.449 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 428FG UT WOS:000168450600003 PM 18943589 ER PT J AU Keyser, JD Mitchell, M AF Keyser, JD Mitchell, M TI Decorated bridles: Horse tack in plains biographic rock art SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biographic rock art; horse tack in rock art; Plains rock art; ledger art; robe art ID LEXICON; PETROGLYPHS; TEXAS AB Decorated horse bridles are probably the most common horse tack shown in Plains biographic art. Painted on robes, drawn in ledgers, and incised or painted as rock art from northern Mexico to southern Alberta, these images illustrate the emphasis placed on horse finely by Plains and Southwestern Indian cultures. Rock art is replete with these decorated bridles. A cursory literature review identified more than 25 sires with illustrated examples, located from northern Mexico through nine of the United States and into southern Canada at Writing-On-Stone, Alberta. Given the number of these rock art images and the wealth of comparative material from historical sources and recently published robe art and ledger drawings, we have identified and described seven distinct types of bridle decorations in Plains rock art. These decorations provide clues to ethnic identity of the artists and illuminate the extent of trade networks and intertribal alliances that extended across the region and into the American Southwest. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97209 USA. Comanche & Cimarron Natl Grassland, La Junta, CO 81050 USA. RP Keyser, JD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, POB 3623, Portland, OR 97209 USA. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 46 IS 176 BP 195 EP 210 PG 16 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 439WA UT WOS:000169139500006 ER PT J AU Silva, IR Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Raper, CD Rufty, TW AF Silva, IR Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Raper, CD Rufty, TW TI Magnesium is more efficient than calcium in alleviating aluminum rhizotoxicity in soybean and its ameliorative effect is not explained by the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum toxicity; calcium; cation amelioration; Gouy-Chapman-Stern model; magnesium; soybean ID ACID SUBSURFACE SOLUTIONS; ROOT ELONGATION; GLYCINE-MAX; CA2+-DISPLACEMENT HYPOTHESIS; LIMED SOIL; TOXICITY; TOLERANCE; INHIBITION; WHEAT; ACCUMULATION AB The mechanistic basis for cation amelioration of Al rhizotoxicity in soybean was investigated through a series of studies comparing protective effects of Ca and Mg against Al inhibition of root elongation in a background 0.8 mM CaSO(4) solution (pH 4.3), A modified Gouy-Chapman-Stern model was used to evaluate the effect of cations on electrical potential and Al(3+) activity at root plasma membrane surfaces, Activities of Al(3+) up to 4.6 muM in the background solution inhibited soybean tap root elongation by more than 80%, There was little or no response in root elongation when Ca and Mg were added to background solutions in the absence of Al. When added to Al-toxic solutions in the micromolar concentration range, Mg was 100-fold more effective than Ca in alleviating Al toxicity, whereas both cations were equally effective when added in the millimolar concentration range. The protective effect of micromolar additions of Mg on root elongation was specific for Al and it failed to alleviate La rhizotoxicity, In contrast to wheat, Mg amelioration of Al toxicity to soybean root elongation at low Mg concentration could not be explained by changes in potential and Al(3+) activity at the root plasma membrane surfaces as predicted by a Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, These results suggest that Mg is not acting as an indifferent cation when present at low concentration and implies the involvement of a mechanism other than pure electrostatic effects at the root surface. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Soil Sci, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Smyth, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jot_smyth@ncsu.edu NR 46 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 42 IS 5 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.1093/pcp/pce066 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 436DX UT WOS:000168922200012 PM 11382821 ER PT J AU Silva, IR Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Raper, CD Rufty, TW AF Silva, IR Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Raper, CD Rufty, TW TI Magnesium ameliorates aluminum rhizotoxicity in soybean by increasing citric acid production and exudation by roots SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum tolerance; calcium; cation amelioration; magnesium; organic acids; root exudates; soybean ID ZEA-MAYS L; GLYCINE-MAX; SUBSURFACE SOLUTIONS; CATION AMELIORATION; CALCIUM ALLEVIATION; NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS; PLANTA MECHANISM; ORGANIC-ACIDS; APICAL CELLS; WHEAT ROOTS AB Superior effectiveness of Mg over Ca in alleviating Al rhizotoxicity cannot be accounted for by predicted changes in plasma membrane Al(3+) activity, The influence of Ca and Mg on the production and secretion of citrate and malate, and on Al accumulation by roots was investigated with soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance. In the presence of a solution Al(3+) activity of 4.6 muM, citrate and malate concentrations of tap root tips of both genotypes increased with additions of either Ca up to 3 mM or Mg up to 50 muM. Citrate efflux rate from roots exposed to Al was only enhanced with Mg additions and exceeded malate efflux rates by as much as 50-fold, Maximum citrate release occurred within 12 h after adding Mg to solution treatments. Adding 50 muM Mg to 0.8 mM CaSO(4) solutions containing Al(3+) activities up to 4.6 muM increased citrate concentration of tap root tips by 3- to 5-fold and root exudation of citrate by 6- to 9-fold. Plants treated with either 50 muM Mg or 3 mM Ca had similar reductions in Al accumulation at tap root tips, which coincided with the respective ability of these ions to relieve Al rhizotoxicity, Amelioration of Al inhibition of soybean root elongation by low concentrations of Mg in solution involved Mg-stimulated production and efflux of citrate by roots. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Soil Sci, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Smyth, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jot_smyth@ncsu.edu NR 62 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 42 IS 5 BP 546 EP 554 DI 10.1093/pcp/pce067 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 436DX UT WOS:000168922200013 PM 11382822 ER PT J AU Kinney, AJ Jung, R Herman, EM AF Kinney, AJ Jung, R Herman, EM TI Cosuppression of the alpha subunits of beta-conglycinin in transgenic soybean seeds induces the formation of endoplasmic reticulum-derived protein bodies SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID STORAGE VACUOLES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; BEAN COTYLEDONS; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; ACCUMULATION; ZEIN; TRANSPORT; PRECURSOR; CELLS AB The expression of the alpha and alpha ' subunits of beta -conglycinin was suppressed by sequence-mediated gene silencing in transgenic soybean seed. The resulting seeds had similar total oil and protein content and ratio compared with the parent line. The decrease in beta -conglycinin protein was apparently compensated by an increased accumulation of glycinin. In addition, proglycinin, the precursor of glycinin, was detected as a prominent polypeptide band in the protein profile of the transgenic seed extract. Electron microscopic analysis and immunocytochemistry of maturing transgenic soybean seeds indicated that the process of storage protein accumulation was altered in the transgenic line. In normal soybeans, the storage proteins are deposited in pre-existing vacuoles by Golgi-derived vesicles. In contrast, in transgenic seed with reduced beta -conglycinin levels, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vesicles were observed that resembled precursor accumulating-vesicles of pumpkin seeds and the protein bodies accumulated by cereal seeds. Their ER-derived membrane of the novel vesicles did not contain the protein storage vacuole tonoplast-specific protein alpha -TIP, and the sequestered polypeptides did not contain complex glycans, indicating a preGolgi and nonvacuolar nature. Glycinin was identified as a major component of these novel protein bodies and its diversion from normal storage protein trafficking appears to be related to the proglycinin buildup in the transgenic seed. The stable accumulation of proteins in a protein body compartment instead of vacuolar accumulation of proteins may provide an alternative intracellular site to sequester proteins when soybeans are used as protein factories. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. DuPont Nutr & Hlth, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Herman, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 57 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1178 DI 10.1105/tpc.13.5.1165 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 437ZV UT WOS:000169030000015 PM 11340189 ER PT J AU Wei, C Steudle, E Tyree, MT Lintilhac, PM AF Wei, C Steudle, E Tyree, MT Lintilhac, PM TI The essentials of direct xylem pressure measurement SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cavitation; cell pressure probe; Cohesion-Tension theory; negative pressure; Scholander pressure bomb ID DISTANCE WATER TRANSPORT; VASCULAR PLANTS; COHESION THEORY; ASCENT; PROBE; SAP; LEAVES AB This paper discusses the essentials of the oil-filled pressure probe technique in the measurement of negative xylem pressures, focusing in particular on the technique and physics underlying our recent, successful experiment which has rekindled the debate on the validity of the Cohesion-Tension theory. We illustrate a number of general problems associated with the cell pressure probe and xylem pressure probe techniques, and propose appropriate criteria for micropipette construction. We enumerate factors dealing with the cavitation problem and suggest methods for eliminating air seeds in the system. We introduce reliable criteria for the,successful measurement of xylem pressure, and emphasize the importance of the probe pressure relaxation test. Several problems regarding the controversy over the Cohesion-Tension theory are also discussed. We discuss the correlation between xylem pressure and the transpiration rate, the existence of absolute negative xylem pressure in intact plants, the most negative values of xylem pressure measured by the pressure probe, the agreement between the pressure probe and pressure bomb techniques, and the vulnerability to cavitation (tensile strength) of pressure probes. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Bot, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenokol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. US Forest Serv, USDA, Aiken Forestry Lab, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Wei, C (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Bot, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 24 IS 5 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00697.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 432JG UT WOS:000168688000007 ER PT J AU Bockus, WW Appel, JA Bowden, RL Fritz, AK Gill, BS Martin, TJ Sears, RG Seifers, DL Brown-Guedira, GL Eversmeyer, MG AF Bockus, WW Appel, JA Bowden, RL Fritz, AK Gill, BS Martin, TJ Sears, RG Seifers, DL Brown-Guedira, GL Eversmeyer, MG TI Success stories: Breeding for wheat disease resistance in Kansas SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; REGISTRATION; COLLECTION C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bockus, WW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 85 IS 5 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.5.453 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 423TD UT WOS:000168192900001 ER PT J AU Barros, TSL Davis, RE Resende, RO Dally, EL AF Barros, TSL Davis, RE Resende, RO Dally, EL TI Design of a polymerase chain reaction for specific detection of corn stunt spiroplasma SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CSS; Maize rayado fino virus; mollicutes ID MAIZE BUSHY STUNT; RAYADO FINO VIRUS; DISEASE; CITRI; CLASSIFICATION; PHYTOPLASMA; PCR AB Corn stunt disease is a major limiting factor in production of corn (Zea mays) in the Americas. To develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for detection of the causal agent, Spiroplasma kunkelii, PCR primers were designed on the basis of unique regions of the nucleotide sequence of the S. kunkelii spiralin gene. DNA was amplified in PCRs containing template DNAs derived from laboratory strains of S, kunkelii and from naturally diseased corn plants collected in the field. No DNA amplification was observed in PCRs containing template DNAs derived from other Spiroplasma species tested or from healthy corn or corn infected by maize bushy stunt phytoplasma. The availability of a sensitive and specific PCR for detection and identification of S. kunkelii should facilitate studies of the ecology of this pathogen, as well as its influence in the incidence, spread, and severity of corn stunting diseases. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Biol Celular, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, Dept Biol Celular, Lab Virol & Microscopia Eletron, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 85 IS 5 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.5.475 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 423TD UT WOS:000168192900004 ER PT J AU Li, WB Pria, WD Teixeira, C Miranda, VS Ayres, AJ Franco, CF Costa, MG He, CX Costa, PI Hartung, JS AF Li, WB Pria, WD Teixeira, C Miranda, VS Ayres, AJ Franco, CF Costa, MG He, CX Costa, PI Hartung, JS TI Coffee leaf scorch caused by a strain of Xylella fastidiosa from citrus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE plant-pathogenic bacteria ID VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; AXENIC CULTURE; SWEET ORANGE; PATHOGENICITY; BACTERIUM; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; ETIOLOGY; BRAZIL AB Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and coffee leaf scorch (CLS) are two economically important diseases in Brazil caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Strains of the bacterium isolated from the two plant hosts are very closely related, and the two diseases share sharpshooter insect vectors. In order to determine if citrus strains of X. fastidiosa could infect coffee and induce CLS disease, plant inoculations were performed. Plants of coffee, Coffea arabica 'Mundo Novo', grafted on Coffea canephora var, robusta 'Apuatao 2258' were mechanically inoculated with triply cloned strains of X. fastidiosa isolated from diseased coffee and citrus. Three months postinoculation, 5 of the 10 plants inoculated with CLS-X. fastidiosa and 1 of the 10 plants inoculated with CVC-X. fastidiosa gave positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eight months postinoculation, another six plants inoculated with CVC-X. fastidiosa gave positive PCR results. The two X. fastidiosa strains were isolated from the inoculated plants and showed the same characteristics as the original clones by microscopy, ELISA, and PCR. None of the plants inoculated with sterile periwinkle wilt (PW) medium as controls gave positive reactions in diagnostic tests, and none developed disease symptoms. Six months postinoculation, seven plants inoculated with CLS-X. fastidiosn and eight inoculated with CVC-X. fastidiosa began to develop characteristic CLS symptoms, including apical and marginal leaf scorch, defoliation, and reductions of internode length, leaf size, and plant height, terminal clusters of small chlorotic and deformed leaves, and lateral shoot dieback. We have demonstrated that X, fastidiosa from citrus plants is pathogenic for coffee plants. This has important consequences for the management of CLS disease and has implications for the origin of citrus variegated chlorosis disease. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Fundecitrus, BR-14807040 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. UNESP, Inst Chem, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Teixeira, Diva/N-1394-2013; Teixeira, Diva/R-6629-2016 OI Teixeira, Diva/0000-0002-5801-8049 NR 21 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 85 IS 5 BP 501 EP 505 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.5.501 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 423TD UT WOS:000168192900008 ER PT J AU Stratford, S Barnes, W Hohorst, DL Sagert, JG Cotter, R Golubiewski, A Showalter, AM McCormick, S Bedinger, P AF Stratford, S Barnes, W Hohorst, DL Sagert, JG Cotter, R Golubiewski, A Showalter, AM McCormick, S Bedinger, P TI A leucine-rich repeat region is conserved in pollen extensin-like (Pex) proteins in monocots and dicots SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell wall protein; LRR; maize; pollen; tomato ID CELL-WALL PROTEINS; ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEINS; TRANSMITTING TISSUE; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; CROSS-LINKING; TUBE GROWTH; GLYCOPROTEIN; GENE; CHLAMYDOMONAS AB We previously isolated a pollen-specific gene encoding a pollen tube wall-associated glycoprotein with a globular domain and an extensin domain from maize (mPex1). To evaluate which protein domains might be important for function, we isolated a second monocot gene (mPex2) and a dicot gene (tPex). Each gene encodes a signal sequence, an N-terminal globular domain comprised of a variable region, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) with an adjacent cysteine-rich region, a transition region and an extensin-like C-terminal domain. The LRRs of the maize and tomato Pex proteins are highly conserved. Although the extensin domains in the maize and tomato proteins vary in length and in amino acid sequence, they are likely to be structurally conserved. Additional putative Pex gene sequences were identified by either GenBank search (Arabidopsis) or PCR (sorghum and potato); all encode conserved LRRs. The presence of a conserved LRR in the known and potential Pex proteins strongly suggests that this motif is involved in the binding of a specific ligand during pollen tube growth. Gene expression studies using RNA and protein blotting as well as promoter-reporter gene fusions in transient and stable transformation indicate that the tomato Pex gene is pollen-specific. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, ARS, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Bedinger, P (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.1023/A:1010659425399 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 439RK UT WOS:000169130700004 PM 11437249 ER PT J AU Hirschi, KD Miranda, ML Wilganowski, NL AF Hirschi, KD Miranda, ML Wilganowski, NL TI Phenotypic changes in Arabidopsis caused by expression of a yeast vacuolar Ca2+/H+ antiporter SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; calcium transport; vacuole; yeast ID SALT TOLERANCE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; OAT ROOTS; CYTOPLASMIC CALCIUM; POTASSIUM NUTRITION; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; PLANT VACUOLES; STRESS; TRANSPORT; CELLS AB In plants, cytosolic Ca2+ levels are tightly regulated, and changes in cytosolic Ca2+ have been implicated in converting numerous signals into adapted responses. Vacuolar ion transporters are thought to be key mediators of cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. In an attempt to interpret the role of vacuolar Ca2+ transport in plant processes, we have expressed the yeast vacuolar Ca2+/H+ antiporter, VCX1, in Arabidopsis and tobacco. This transporter localizes to the plant vacuolar membrane. VCX1-expressing Arabidopsis plants displayed increased sensitivity to sodium and other ions. These ion sensitivities could be suppressed by addition of calcium to the media. VCX1-expressing plants demonstrated increased tonoplast-enriched Ca2+/H+ antiport activity as well as increased Ca2+ accumulation. These results suggest that VCX1 expression in Arabidopsis could be a valuable tool with which to experimentally dissect the role of Ca2+ transport around the plant vacuole. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol Grp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol Grp, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM57427] NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1023/A:1010620227913 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 439RK UT WOS:000169130700005 PM 11437250 ER PT J AU May, JD Lott, BD AF May, JD Lott, BD TI Relating weight gain and feed : gain of male and female broilers to rearing temperature SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE temperature; weight; growth; feed : gain; broiler ID ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; BODY-WEIGHT; CHICKENS; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB The effects of environmental temperature on growth and feed:gain were studied in three trials each for male and female broilers. Chicks were reared in a common environment to 21 d of age. At 21 d, they were randomly allocated to 10 environmental chambers. Each chamber was maintained at a constant temperature; the chambers ranged from 12 to 30 C in two-degree increments. The dewpoint was maintained at 18 C, except that relative humidity was not permitted to exceed 82.9%. Body weight was determined at 21 d. Weight gain and feed:gain were determined at 28, 35, 42, and 49 d. The data were analyzed statistically, and regression equations were obtained for weight gain and feed:gain for each sex. Equations were based on body weight and temperature, and the body weight equations were plotted as grams gained per bird per day. Feed:gain increased with increasing weight. The temperature that resulted in the most favorable feed:gain decreased with increasing weight. These results support lower rearing temperatures for optimum growth and feed:gain by large broilers than those of other reports in the literature. C1 ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Lott, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 80 IS 5 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 432KF UT WOS:000168690200008 PM 11372706 ER PT J AU Abdelnabi, MA Richards, MP Ottinger, MA AF Abdelnabi, MA Richards, MP Ottinger, MA TI Comparison of gonadal hormone levels in turkey embryos incubated in long-term shell-less culture and in ovo SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; cultured embryo; estradiol; androgen ID CHICK-EMBRYO; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; GROWTH; INVITRO; QUAIL AB Changes in concentrations of 17 beta -estradiol (E-2) and androgenic hormones were measured in turkey embryos incubated in long-term, shell-less culture lex ovo) and in ovo. Blood samples were obtained from both sets of embryos on Days 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 and from embryos incubated in ovo on Days 24, 26, and 28. Ex ovo and in ovo embryos showed no differences in either hormone within sexes, with one exception. On Day 14 of incubation, the ex ovo females had higher (P < 0.05) E-2 levels (55.6 +/- 5.1 pg/mL) than the in ovo females (32.2 +/- 2.3 pg/mL); however, this result might have been due to the small sample size (n = 3) for ex ovo females. No significant differences were found in androgen concentrations between sexes in ovo on Days 24, 26, and 28 of incubation. However, on Days 24, 26, and 28, in ovo females showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01) in E-2 compared with males of the same age. These results indicate a similar developmental pattern for the endocrine system in ovo and ex ovo through Day 22 of incubation. Further, there were sex differences in E-2 that are likely to be critical for sexual differentiation that emerges late in embryonic development. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ottinger, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 80 IS 5 BP 666 EP 669 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 432KF UT WOS:000168690200021 PM 11372719 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA TI Calcium turnover and nutrition through the life cycle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Meeting of the Nutrition-Society CY JUN 27-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLL, CORK, IRELAND SP Nutrit Soc HO UNIV COLL DE calcium; bone turnover; stable isotopes ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; STABLE ISOTOPES; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; GIRLS; KINETICS; WOMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Ca nutritional requirements and bone Ca turnover can be assessed using numerous techniques. Among these techniques are bone mass measurements, tracer kinetic studies, bone histomorphometry and biochemical studies. Stable-isotope-based kinetic studies offer unique advantages in their ability to assess both Ca absorption and turnover. This approach is safe and readily applicable to subjects of all ages. Ca is essential for growth and maintenance of bone mineral throughout life. During pregnancy, increased intestinal absorption of Ca by the mother provides much of the Ca supplied to the fetus. During infancy, Ca supplied in human milk is primarily derived from maternal bone stores, which are quickly replenished during and after weaning. Early childhood is a time of relatively slow bone growth, with a rapid increase occurring during puberty. Recent kinetic studies demonstrate an increase in both Ca absorption and bone Ca deposition associated with early puberty. Bone Ca deposition reaches a maximum in females shortly before menarche. At that time the bone Ca deposition rate is approximately Ave times that of adulthood. The decline in bone Ca deposition rate is gradual after menarche. Ca absorption from the diet shows a gradual decline in adulthood as well. Ca supplementation, in the presence of adequate vitamin D, is effective in enhancing bone mineral content in childhood and in helping to maintain bone mineral content in adults. Maintaining adequate Ca nutriture throughout life may be necessary to minimize the risk of bone-loss disorders. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR43740] NR 41 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6651 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 60 IS 2 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 437UT UT WOS:000169012500015 PM 11681644 ER PT J AU Oetter, DR Cohen, WB Berterretche, M Maiersperger, TK Kennedy, RE AF Oetter, DR Cohen, WB Berterretche, M Maiersperger, TK Kennedy, RE TI Land cover mapping in an agricultural setting using multiseasonal Thematic Mapper data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat Thematic Mapper; land cover mapping; crop cover mapping; farm service agency; tasseled cap; Willamette Valley ID TM-IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; CROPS AB A multiseasonal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data set consisting of live image dates from a single year was used to characterize agricultural and related land cover in the Willamette River Basin (WRB) of western Oregon. Image registration was accomplished using an automated ground control point selection program. Radiometric normalization was performed using a semiautomated approach based on the identification of no-change pixels in forest, urban, and water classes. Reference data were developed using existing data sets, including low-level 35-mm color slide photographs, I:24,000 color airphotos, and ancillary geographic information system (GIS) coverages. Preliminary examination of the data structure included plotting of training set temporal trajectories in spectral space with reference to existing crop calendars. A subsequent stratified, unsupervised classification algorithm, in combination with a geoclimatic rule set and regression analysis, was used to label mapped cells. A map of 20 land cover classes was developed. Classes included agricultural crops and orchards, forest and natural cover types, and urban building densities. An accuracy assessment indicated a final map error of only 26%. The map is now being used to model present and future landscapes for the basin. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 54 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 76 IS 2 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00202-9 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 430CZ UT WOS:000168557100001 ER PT J AU Broge, NH Leblanc, E AF Broge, NH Leblanc, E TI Comparing prediction power and stability of broadband and hyperspectral vegetation indices for estimation of green leaf area index and canopy chlorophyll density SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID RED EDGE POSITION; REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL RESPONSE; WHEAT CANOPIES; SAIL MODEL; SOIL; PROSPECT; INVERSION; INFORMATION; SENSORS AB Hyperspectral reflectance data representing a wide range of canopies were simulated using the combined PROSPECT+ SAIL model. The simulations were used to study the stability of recently proposed vegetation indices (VIs) derived from adjacent narrowband spectral reflectance data across the visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The prediction power of these indices with respect to green leaf area index (LAI) and canopy chlorophyll density (CCB! was compared, and their sensitivity to canopy architecture, illumination geometry, soil background reflectance, and atmospheric conditions were analyzed. The second soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAV12) proved to be the best overall choice as a greenness measure. However? it is also shown that the dynamics of the VIs are very different in terms of their sensitivity to the different external factors that affects the spectral reflectance signatures of the various modeled canopies. it is concluded that hyperspectral indices are not necessarily better at predicting LAI and CCD, but that selection of a VI should depend upon (1) which parameter that needs to be estimated (LAI or CCB), (2) the expected range of this parameter, and (3) a priori knowledge of the variation of external parameters affecting the spectral reflectance of the canopy. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Danish Inst Agr Sci, Res Ctr Foulum, Dept Agr Syst, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Broge, NH (reprint author), Danish Inst Agr Sci, Res Ctr Foulum, Dept Agr Syst, POB 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. NR 59 TC 344 Z9 391 U1 6 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 76 IS 2 BP 156 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00197-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 430CZ UT WOS:000168557100002 ER PT J AU Freedman, SL Akuffo, VG Bakst, MR AF Freedman, SL Akuffo, VG Bakst, MR TI Evidence for the innervation of sperm storage tubules in the oviduct of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID GLANDS; HEN AB The presence of neural tissue and smooth muscle elements in the vicinity of the oviductal sperm storage tubules at the uterovaginal junction was assessed by several modes of light microscopy. Isolated neurones and small ganglia were identified in the uterovaginal junction of the turkey oviduct. The nerve cell bodies were observed in the tunica mucosa by bright field microscopy. Immunoreactivity against neurofilament antibody and recombinant fragment C of the tetanus toxin reacted with nerve fibres and the nuclei of neurones. Fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that nerve fibres continued from the base of the tunica mucosa into the plicae. Axons appeared to terminate on, or run immediately adjacent to, individual sperm storage tubules. Neither phalloidin reacting with F-actin nor the monoclonal antibody against alpha-smooth muscle actin detected smooth muscle fibres in the tissue encapsulating individual sperm storage tubules, In contrast, F-actin was strongly localized in the apical region of the epithelial cells of the sperm storage tubule and in smooth muscle elements in the tunica mucosa and tunica muscularis. These observations present the first evidence for the innervation of the sperm storage tubules. It is suggested that a previously unrecognized neural factor may function in oviductal sperm storage in, and release of spermatozoa from, the sperm storage tubules of hens. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOURNALS OF REPRODUCTION FERTILITY LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD MAY PY 2001 VL 121 IS 5 BP 809 EP 814 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 431TE UT WOS:000168646000019 PM 11427170 ER PT J AU Jacinthe, PA Lal, R Kimble, JM AF Jacinthe, PA Lal, R Kimble, JM TI Organic carbon storage and dynamics in croplands and terrestrial deposits as influenced by subsurface tile drainage SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; labile C; soil erosion; terrestrial deposits ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; CULTIVATED SOILS; WATER EROSION; MATTER; BIOMASS; CYCLE AB Soil erosion contributes to the removal of soil organic carbon (SOC) from cultivated soils and its entrapment in terrestrial depressions. The fate of SOC entrapped in terrestrial deposits is largely unknown, but there has been speculation that such entrapment could lead to C sequestration, thereby playing a role in global C cycling. It has been hypothesized that the fate of eroded C in these deposits depends on SOC quality (bioavailability) and the environmental conditions at the depositional site. The SOC storage and dynamics were studied in cultivated, forested, and deposited soils at sites with and without subsurface tile-drainage. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), readily mineralizable C (MinC), and basal soil respiration (BSR) rates were used as SOC quality indicators and were assessed in field-moist soil aggregates of four sizes: 2-3 nun, 1-2 mm, 0.5-1 mm and <0.5 mm. Soil organic carbon inventory (mass of C over the depth sampled) was significantly different (P < 0.01) among the land uses and was in the order: deposit > forest > cropland. It was also significantly (P < 0.1) different between the two deposits, amounting to 14.6 and 17.1 kg C m(-2) in the tile-drained and undrained deposits, respectively. Over that same depth, the total SOC pool in the forest soil was 9.5 kg C m(-2). Overall, the various aggregate sizes did not differ significantly in terms of their total SOC content, but the SOC quality indicators (MBC, MinC, and BSR) were generally higher in the larger than in the smaller aggregates. These indices were also higher in the forest and depression sites than in the croplands. The data indicated that cultivation and erosion resulted in depletion of both total and labile SOC, but the labile pools were depleted at rates 1.5 to 3 times faster. Conversely, there was an enrichment in both clay (1.4 to 2 times) and SOC (1.3 to 1.6 times) in the depression areas, indicating removal of fine particle-associated SOC from the cultivated fields and its entrapment in the deposits. However, the levels of labile C (MBC, MinC) in the entrapped materials were 20 to 46% lower than would be anticipated based on their total C contents. These reductions suggest that, compared with the forest and cropland, a relatively greater proportion of the C retained in the deposits is in the slow and passive pools, and that distribution is favorable to sequestration of C in these landscape positions. (Soil Science 2001;166:322-335). C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 166 IS 5 BP 322 EP 335 DI 10.1097/00010694-200105000-00003 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 439GZ UT WOS:000169103700003 ER PT J AU Van Pelt, RS Wierenga, PJ AF Van Pelt, RS Wierenga, PJ TI Temporal stability of spatially measured soil matric potential probability density function SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER TENSION; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; FIELD; VARIABILITY; INFILTRATION; MOISTURE; PERSISTENCE; PATTERNS; CROP AB Estimation of mean water status in a field is crucial to effective irrigation water management. Problems encountered with the estimation of mean field soil water status may be attributed to spatial variability of soil physical properties, Several investigators have shown temporal stability of spatial patterns of field measured soil water content, but temporal stability of field measured soil matric potential (psi (m)), a measure of soil water status more appropriate for irrigation scheduling, has not previously been reported to last for more than a few days within one irrigation cycle. This study investigated the temporal stability of spatial patterns of psi (m) both within and between sequential irrigation cycles, Sixty locations in a l ha field were outfitted with a 1-m neutron probe access tube and three tensiometers placed at 0.15-, 0.3-, and 0.5-m depths. The observations obtained from 14 d of soil water content measurements and 46 d of psi (m) measurements within eight irrigation cycles were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and a relative differencing technique, The results showed temporally stable soil water content spatial patterns and also indicated temporally stable psi (m) spatial patterns if assumptions of full soil wetting at the beginning of the cycle and uniform evapotranspiration among locations were satisfied, Several locations in the field estimated the field mean psi (m) to within 10% within a given range of potentials, and a few estimated the field mean to within 20% across the entire range of potentials tested. Other locations estimated the fewer and higher percentiles of psi (m) with similar accuracy, C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Van Pelt, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Big Spring Field Stn,302 W I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 668 EP 677 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500007 ER PT J AU Aulakh, MS Khera, TS Doran, JW Bronson, KF AF Aulakh, MS Khera, TS Doran, JW Bronson, KF TI Managing crop residue with green manure, urea, and tillage in a rice-wheat rotation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; LOWLAND RICE; NITROGEN; YIELD; SOIL; TRANSFORMATIONS; MINERALIZATION AB Most double-crop grain farmers in South Asia remove or burn crop residue to facilitate seedbed preparation and to avoid possible yield reductions. This results in loss of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrients, In this study, we determined whether incorporating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue, rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue, and sesbania (Sesbania aculeta L,) green manure with urea fertilizer N in a rite-wheat cropping system can improve grain yields, N use efficiency, and SOM, We incorporated wheat residue (6 Mg ha(-1), C/N = 94), rice residue (6 Mg ha(-1), C/N = 63), or both, with and without green manure (20 or 40 Mg fresh ha(-1), C/N = 19), in a field experiment with irrigated rice and wheat grown each year in rotation on a Tolewal sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept) in the Punjab of India. Rice and wheat residue did not affect grain yields of wheat and rice, but residue incorporation did result in reduced recovery efficiency of urea N and green manure N, Rice production was greater with wheat residue incorporation when an average of 86 kg N ha(-1) of a prescribed 120 kg N ha(-1) dose was applied as green manure N and the balance as urea N vs. 120 kg urea N ha(-1) alone. Despite wider C/N than rice residue, wheat residue additions to flooded rice resulted in greater C sequestration in soil than with rice residue or 40 Mg green manure ha(-1), These results demonstrate that a green manure crop and/or incorporating crop residue in a rice-wheat system has potential to increase SOM while maintaining high grain yields. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Soils, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. IRRI, Soil & Water Sci Div, Makati 1271, Philippines. RP Bronson, KF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, RR 3,Box 219, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. EM k-bronson@tamu.edu NR 34 TC 57 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 820 EP 827 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500025 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA Wilkinson, SR AF Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA Wilkinson, SR TI Bermudagrass management in the southern piedmont USA: I. Soil and surface residue carbon and sulfur SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC C; MINERALIZATION; PASTURE; FERTILIZATION AB Improved forage management impacts on soil organic C and S depth distribution and surface residue accumulation could be large, but detailed temporal data are not available. We evaluated the factorial combination of three levels of N fertilization [inorganic, crimsoh clover (Trifolium incarnatum L,) cover crop plus inorganic, and broiler litter] and four levels of harvest strategy (unharvested, low grazing pressure, high grazing pressure, and hayed monthly) on soil bulk density, soil organic C, and total S, and surface residue C and S during the first 5 yr of 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] management. Soil bulk density of the 0- to 6-cm depth responded very little to management, but across treatments it decreased 0.06 Mg m(-3) yr(-1) due to increasing soil organic matter with time. Soil organic C did not respond significantly to fertilization strategy during the 5 yr, but total S of the 0- to 6-cm depth was greater under broiler litter than under other fertilization strategies at the end of 3, 4, and 5 yr. Low and high grazing pressure were similar in their effect on soil organic C accumulation, averaging 140 g m(-2) yr(-1). Most of the net change in soil organic C occurred in the 0- to 2-cm depth. Soil under unharvested and hayed management accumulated organic C at rates less than one-half of those observed under cattle grazing. Cattle grazing shunted C more directly from forage to the soil, which contributed to greater sequestration of soil organic C than with haying or unharvested management. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 834 EP 841 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500027 ER PT J AU Brejda, JJ Mausbach, MJ Goebel, JJ Allan, DL Dao, TH Karlen, DL Moorman, TB Smith, JL AF Brejda, JJ Mausbach, MJ Goebel, JJ Allan, DL Dao, TH Karlen, DL Moorman, TB Smith, JL TI Estimating surface soil organic carbon content at a regional scale using the National Resource Inventory SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREAT-PLAINS SOILS; TOPOGRAPHIC RELATIONS; MATTER CONTENT; CULTIVATION; STORAGE AB The National Resource Inventory (NRI) may be used to estimate soil organic C (SOC) Levels at a regional scale if accurate and precise estimates can be made across a wide range of soils, land uses, and topographic positions. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify important sources of variation in SOC content at a regional scale and (ii) to determine the precision with which SOC content can be estimated. Surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected in four Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs) and analyzed for SOC, sand, silt, and clay content. Land use, hillslope position, and slope aspect effects on SOC levels were evaluated by analysis of covariance with sand or clay content as a covariate to adjust for textural differences at each sample point. Land use was a significant source of variation in all four regions. Hillslope position and slope aspect were significant sources of variation in only one of the four regions and there were no significant interactions between land use and hillslope position or aspect, The SOC content ranged from 26 to 55 Mg ha 10 cm(-1) in the Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills. 22 to 50 Mg ha 10 cm(-1) in the Palouse and Net Perce Prairies, 9 to 26 Mg ha 10 cm(-1) in the Central High Plains, and 5 to 8 Mg ha 10 cm(-1) in the Southern High Plains. Standard errors ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 Mg ha(-1) and were lowest in regions where SOC levels were also lowest. Results indicate the NRI ran be an effective tool for estimating SOC levels under different land use and conservation practices on a regional scale. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brejda, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jbrejda@unlserve.unl.edu NR 29 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 842 EP 849 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500028 ER PT J AU Kettler, TA Doran, JW Gilbert, TL AF Kettler, TA Doran, JW Gilbert, TL TI Simplified method for soil particle-size determination to accompany soil-quality analyses SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Soil textural analysis is a key component of any minimum data set used for assessing soil quality and sustainability of agricultural-management practices, However, conventional methods of soil textural analysis can be costly and time-consuming. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and simple method for evaluating soil particle-size distribution, which could be employed as a tool For initial soil-quality assessment. The method uses a combination of sieving and sedimentation steps and is designed to be used in conjunction with analysis of particulate organic matter (POM), or as a stand-alone textural analysis. Soils of varied texture and organic-matter content were collected from six sites in the Great Plains, Their sand, silt, and clay contents were determined using the proposed methods and standard hydrometer and pipette techniques. Averaged across all soils, absolute differences between the proposed and standard pipette analyses were <2% for sand, silt, and clay. Relative differences were 6, -1, and -4% for sand, silt, and clay, respectively. Coefficients of variation within soil samples averaged <5% for sand, silt, and clay fractions. Regression analysis between proposed and standard pipette methods produced coefficient of determination (r(2)) values of 0.99, 0.98, and 0.93 for sand, silt, and clay, respectively, and 0.98 across all particle-size ranges, The method provides an inexpensive and reliable estimate of soil texture, useful in soil-quality assessment. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Kettler, TA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 119 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 4 TC 182 Z9 200 U1 9 U2 60 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 849 EP 852 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500029 ER PT J AU Ruan, HX Ahuja, LR Green, TR Benjamin, JG AF Ruan, HX Ahuja, LR Green, TR Benjamin, JG TI Residue cover and surface-sealing effects on infiltration: Numerical simulations for field applications SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREEN-AMPT APPROACH; CRUSTED SOILS; MODELING INFILTRATION AB Surface sealing of bare soils often reduces rain infiltration, and crop-residue cover is commonly used to reduce surface sealing, We conducted numerical experiments to quantify effects of the percentage and distribution of residue cover on infiltration, and to provide guidelines for residue management. Residue cover was simulated over the soil surface in circular patches. Excess surface water from the bare surface-sealed areas was available for infiltration in nonsealed areas, Numerical simulations were conducted for combinations of (i) soil type, either a clay loam or loamy sand soil; (ii) percentage residue cover (P(rc)); (iii) saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface seal (K(c)) relative to bulk soil (K(s)); (iv) residue-patch size with a constant P(rc) and (v) rainfall intensity. The K(c) values had the greatest influence on infiltration as a function of P(rc) This influence increased with rainfall intensity, For a given P(rc) smaller patches gave greater relative infiltration due to differences in the lateral redistribution of infiltrated water. The target values of P(rc) that provided 95% relative infiltration varied from 40 to 80% for most combinations, Changing the geometry of the residues made no significant difference. We also tested a one-dimensional model with a spatially averaged saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(ce)) for both covered and surface-sealed areas, and found that infiltration into a partially residue-covered soil could be estimated by the one-dimensional model for all cases of this study, when K(c) > 0. Finally, simulated infiltration qualitatively agreed with data sets of two independent field experiments under similar soil and rainfall conditions. C1 USDA ARS, NPA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, NPA, Cent Great Plains Res Unit, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Ruan, HX (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, POB E,301 S Howes St, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM ruan@gpsr.colostate.edu RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 853 EP 861 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500030 ER PT J AU Merten, GH Nearing, MA Borges, ALO AF Merten, GH Nearing, MA Borges, ALO TI Effect of sediment load on soil detachment and deposition in rills SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MODELING WATER EROSION; OVERLAND-FLOW; PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES; TURBULENT AB According to theory, the rate of detachment of soil particles in rills is reduced as a first-order function of the amount of sediment load in the now. The first objective of this study was to determine if experimental results confirmed current detachment-transport coupling theory. The second objective was to investigate two hypothesized mechanisms responsible for any coupling effect observed: The first mechanism was that since turbulence is known to be a critical factor in detachment by flow, and since it is also known that sediment in water reduces turbulent intensity, it was suggested that sediment in flow reduces detachment vis a correspondent reduction in turbulent intensities. This hypothesis was tested indirectly by adding a sediment load that was carried entirely in the suspended state. The second mechanism was that sediment covering the soil bed during the erosion process shields the soil from the forces of flow, thus reducing detachment. This hypothesis was tested by introducing bed-load sediment. Sediment loads exiting the rill and detachment and deposition along the rill were measured. Detachment was reduced and deposition increased as a linear function of the amount of sediment introduced into the now. Results indicated that, in general, detachment did decrease according to current theory, but discrepancies in the erosional patterns were observed, which none of the current models explain. Both hypothesized mechanisms of reduction in detachment rates were apparently active in reducing detachment rates, though the shielding mechanism appeared to have a greater impact than did the mechanism associated with a reduction in turbulent intensity. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Inst Hydraul Res, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, Soil Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 861 EP 868 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500031 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Riggenbach, RR Sparks, RT Dillon, MA Kawanabe, LM Ristau, RJ AF Delgado, JA Riggenbach, RR Sparks, RT Dillon, MA Kawanabe, LM Ristau, RJ TI Evaluation of nitrate-nitrogen transport in a potato-barley rotation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED LEAF LETTUCE; WATER INTERACTIONS; SOIL NITRATE; NLEAP; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; MODEL; YIELD; MAIZE AB Well water NO3--N concentrations have been found to exceed 10 mg L-1 of NO3--N for some areas of the San Luis Valley (SLV) of South-Central Colorado. The region's predominant soils are sandy soils, with a dominant potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) followed by malting barley (Honieum vulgare L.) crop rotation. There is limited knowledge about how much NO3--N is lost by leaching from these systems, and protocols need to be developed to evaluate the NO3--N transport out of these coarse textured soils from these arid and semiarid irrigated cropping systems. Management information, N content at harvest, initial and final NO3--N in the soil profile, and other supportive data were collected at 14 commercial fields and used as inputs for the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model, version 1.20. NLEAP simulated available soil water for the root zone as well as the transport of NO3--N in the soil profile, and can be used as part of the protocol to evaluate the NO3--N transport of these systems. Best recommended practices in this region, such as application of N fertilizer rates on the basis of soil test analysis and split applications of N fertilizers, kept the net transport of NO3--N out of the potato-barley systems to a minimum. Our approach of applying simulation models to assess management scenarios showed that barley served as a scavenger for the NO3--N that was added with irrigation water and the residual soil nitrate from the potato growing period. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA, NRCS, Canon City, CO 81212 USA. USDA, NRCS, Alamosa, CO 81101 USA. USDA, NRCS, San Luis, CO 81152 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 45 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 878 EP 883 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500033 ER PT J AU Kolka, RK Grigal, DF Nater, EA Verry, ES AF Kolka, RK Grigal, DF Nater, EA Verry, ES TI Hydrologic cycling of mercury and organic carbon in a forested upland-bog watershed SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; LAKES; METHYLMERCURY; PEATLAND; WISCONSIN; TENNESSEE; DYNAMICS; WETLANDS; INPUTS AB The hydrologic cycling of total Hg (HgT) and organic C (OC) was studied for a 1-yr period in a northern Minnesota forested watershed, consisting of an upland surrounding a bog peatland with a narrow lagg at their interface. Throughfall and stemflow contributed twice as much HgT and seven times as much OC to the forested watershed than atmospheric deposition in a nearby opening. Fluxes in upland runoff accounted for 16% of the HgT and 8% of the OC inputs to the lagg and were dominated by interflow transport. Bog runoff accounted for 57% of the HgT and 83% of the OC inputs to the lagg. For an annual cycle, upland soils were sinks for both HgT and OC, while bog soils were sinks for HIT but sources of OC. Fluxes to the lagg accounted for 184% of the HgT and 87% of the OC transported from the watershed outlet We speculate that HgT was lost in the lagg by both volatilization and soil accumulation. Total Hg and dissolved organic C (DOC) are positively related in both throughfall and stem-flow, with stemflow showing the strongest relationships. In the soil system, HgT-DOC relationships deteriorate and HgT-particulate organic C (POC) relationships dominate. Water residence time in contact with OC appears to be important in determining the relationships between HgT and OC. At the stream outlet, our data suggest that approximate to 70% of the HgT transported from the watershed is associated with POC, while 30% is associated with DOC. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NC Forest Expt Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolka, RK (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 44 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 897 EP 905 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500035 ER PT J AU Paramasivam, S Alva, AK Fares, A Sajwan, KS AF Paramasivam, S Alva, AK Fares, A Sajwan, KS TI Estimation of nitrate leaching in an entisol under optimum citrus production SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; SANDY SOILS; GROUNDWATER; YIELD AB Leaching of fertilizer nutrients and widespread NO3-N c contamination of drinking water wells in proximity to citrus growing regions of central Florida are a serious concern, We evaluated NO3-N distribution in soil solution at various depths in the vadose zone, and N leaching below the root zone for two cropping seasons under the canopy of 21-yr-old Hamlin orange I Citrus sinensis (L,) Osbeck I trees on Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) rootstock, on an entisol of central Florida. The treatments included 112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as either dry granular fertilizer (DGF; broadcast, in 4 equal doses) or fertigation (FRT; 15 applications yr(-1)), and 56, 112, and 168 N kg ha(-1) yr(-1) as controlled-release fertilizer (CRF; single application yr(-1). irrigation was scheduled using recommended tensiometer set points as guidelines, with a target wetting depth of 90 cm, The NO3-N was measured in soil solutions bi-weekly at 60-, 120-, and 240-cm depths using suction lysimeters (SLs) installed under the tree canopy, The 240-cm depth sample represented soil solution below the rooting depth of the trees, and the NO3-N at this depth could contaminate groundwater. At the 60- or 120-cm depths, the NO3-N concentrations occasionally peaked at 12 to 100 mg L-1, but at 240 cm NO3-N concentrations mostly remained below 10 mg L-1 The careful irrigation management, split fertilizer application, and timing of application contributed to the low leaching of NO3-N below the root zone. Calculated NO3-N leaching losses below the rooting depth increased with increasing rate of N application and the amount of water drained, and accounted for 1 to 16% of applied fertilizer N. C1 Savannah State Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Sci & Biotechnol Res, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. USDA ARS, PWA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Sentek Pty Ltd, Stepney, SA 5069, Australia. Savannah State Univ, CMESBR, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. RP Paramasivam, S (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Sci & Biotechnol Res, Drew Griffith Hall, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. NR 27 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 914 EP 921 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500037 ER PT J AU Lindbo, DL Vepraskas, MJ Rhoton, FE AF Lindbo, DL Vepraskas, MJ Rhoton, FE TI A field method for determing percentage of coated sand grains SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COLOR INDEX; SOILS AB Several USDA-NRCS hydric soil field indicators require estimation of the percentage of organic-coated sand grains (black grains). For example, to meet the Dark Surface field indicator the soil layer must contain at least 70% coated (black) grains. Field experience has Shown that the estimation of the percentage of coated sand grains is often subjective and highly variable from one soil scientist to another. In order to overcome this variability a set of standards was created using a mixture of black and light gray (representing uncoated grains) sand grains. Weighing out each component for the desired ratio and mixing them in a 47-mm-diam. petri dish we made a set of three standards consisting of 50, 70, and 90% black grains, To test the effectiveness of these standards, soil scientists estimated the percentage of coated grains from similarly prepared samples first without the use of the standards and then with the use of the standards for comparison, Individuals improved the accuracy of their estimates by 10 to 60% and their hydric soil identification by 16%, The standards are easily prepared, easy to use, and portable. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Vernon G James Res & Extens Ctr, Plymouth, Devon 27962, England. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Lindbo, DL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Vernon G James Res & Extens Ctr, 207 Res Stn Rd, Plymouth, Devon 27962, England. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 949 EP 953 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500041 ER PT J AU Huang, CH Norton, LD Zheng, FL AF Huang, CH Norton, LD Zheng, FL TI Reply to "Comment on 'Vertical hydraulic gradient and run-on water and sediment effects on erosion processes and sediment regimes'" SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Huang, CH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 1196 SOIL Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 955 EP 956 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500043 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, Y AF Pachepsky, Y TI Comments on "On the characteristic aggregate size for estimating fractal dimensions of soils" SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRAGMENTATION C1 USDA ARS, BA RSM, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, BA RSM, BARC W, B-007,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 957 EP 957 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NT UT WOS:000169464500045 ER PT J AU Gandhi, KN Wiersema, JH Soreng, RJ AF Gandhi, KN Wiersema, JH Soreng, RJ TI (1479) Proposal to conserve the name Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Griffiths against B-gracilis Vasey (Poaceae) SO TAXON LA English DT Article C1 Harvard Univ Hebaria, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gandhi, KN (reprint author), Harvard Univ Hebaria, 22 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Wiersema, John/0000-0001-9383-2807 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-10301 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD MAY PY 2001 VL 50 IS 2 BP 573 EP 575 DI 10.2307/1223905 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 499CR UT WOS:000172553900022 ER PT J AU Kimmel, LB Boylston, EK Goynes, WR Akin, DE Henriksson, G Eriksson, KEL AF Kimmel, LB Boylston, EK Goynes, WR Akin, DE Henriksson, G Eriksson, KEL TI Nontraditionally retted flax for dry cotton blend spinning SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENZYMES AB Extracting flax fibers from the stems of Linum usitatissimum plants has traditionally been a costly, labor-intensive process, largely restricted to Europe and Asia. The naturally long, strong fibers are typically processed on wet spinning machines that are not available in the United States. However, the resurgent popularity of flax has promoted an interest in devising more economical methods of producing and processing the fibers domestically. This preliminary study investigates the use of flax fibers extracted by mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic retting as well as traditional (dew) retting methods. The experimental fibers show promise for spinning on common cotton machinery in blends with cotton. The research has produced a series of medium-count, experimental apparel-grade yarns with an attractive appearance and acceptable hand. With refinement, chemical or enzyme retting can perhaps become an ecologically sound and cost effective method of producing flax fibers. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Royal Inst Technol, PMT Wood Chem, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Georgia, Dept Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kimmel, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RI Henriksson, Gunnar/G-3556-2010 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 71 IS 5 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 430XJ UT WOS:000168600500001 ER PT J AU Groh, S Zacharias, A Kianian, SF Penner, GA Chong, J Rines, HW Phillips, RL AF Groh, S Zacharias, A Kianian, SF Penner, GA Chong, J Rines, HW Phillips, RL TI Comparative AFLP mapping in two hexaploid oat populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa; AFLP; comparative mapping; homology; homoeology; RFLP ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; MOLECULAR LINKAGE MAP; BARLEY; MARKERS; RFLP; TOLERANCE; RICE; QTLS AB Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) can be used to quickly develop linkage maps in plant species and are especially useful for crops with large genomes Like oat (Avena sativa L., 2n=6x=42). High reproducibility and consistency are crucial if AFLP linkage maps are employed for comparative mapping. We mapped AFLP markers in combination with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in two recombinant inbred populations of hexaploid oat in two laboratories to test the consistency of AFLP markers in a polyploid crop. Eight primer combinations produced 102 and 121 scoreable AFLP markers in the respective populations. In a population from the cross Kanota x Ogle, AFLP markers were placed onto a RFLP reference map consisting of 32 Linkage groups. Nineteen linkage groups from another population from the cross Kanota x Marion were assigned to the reference map using AFLP and RFLP markers homologous to those used in the Kanota x Ogle cross. Reproducibility of AFLP assays was high in both laboratories and between laboratories. The AFLP markers were well-distributed across the genome in both populations. Many AFLP markers tended to extend the distance between adjacent RFLP markers in linkage analysis. Of the 27 polymorphic AFLPs common in both populations, 20 mapped to homologous linkage groups, 4 were unlinked in at least one population, and 3 mapped to different linkage groups in the two crosses. We believe that 1 of the 3 markers that mapped to a different Linkage group in the two populations mapped to homoeologous Linkage groups. The linkage map of hexaploid oat is not yet complete, and genomic rearrangements such as translocations exist among cultivars and are likely to account for the remaining two non-syntenous mapping results. AFLPs provide not only a fast and powerful tool for mapping but could be useful in characterizing genomic structural variations among germplasms in hexaploid oat. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Agr Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 102 IS 6-7 BP 876 EP 884 DI 10.1007/s001220000468 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 442HF UT WOS:000169278600012 ER PT J AU Ming, R Moore, PH Zee, F Abbey, CA Ma, H Paterson, AH AF Ming, R Moore, PH Zee, F Abbey, CA Ma, H Paterson, AH TI Construction and characterization of a papaya BAC library as a foundation for molecular dissection of a tree-fruit genome SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Carica; genome; physical mapping; positional cloning ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS; FLOWERING PLANTS; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; RICE; PROTEIN AB A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed from high-molecular-weight DNA isolated from young leaves of papaya (Carica papaya L.). This BAC library consists of 39168 clones from two separate ligation reactions. The average insert size of the library is 132 kb; 96.5% of the 18700 clones from the first ligation contained inserts that averaged 86 kb in size, 95.7% of the 20468 clones from the second Ligation contained inserts that averaged 174 kb in size. Two sorghum chloroplast probes hybridized separately to the library and revealed a total of 504 chloroplast clones or 1.4% of the library. The entire BAC library was estimated to provide 13.7 x papaya-genome equivalents, excluding the false-positive and chloroplast clones. High-density filters were made containing 94% or 36864 clones of the library with 12.7 x papaya-genome equivalents. Eleven papaya-cDNA and ten Arabidopsis-cDNA probes detected an average of 22.8 BACs per probe in the library. Because of its relatively small genome (372 Mbp/1 C) and its ability to produce ripe fruit 9 to 15 months after planting, papaya shows promise as a model plant studying genes that affect fruiting characters. A rapid approach to locating fruit-controlling genes will be to assemble a physical map based on BAC contigs to which ESTs have hybridized. A physical map of the papaya genome will significantly enhance our capacity to clone and manipulate genes of economic importance. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Biosyst Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Fruit Vegetable & Sugarcane Res Unit, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 102 IS 6-7 BP 892 EP 899 DI 10.1007/s001220000448 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 442HF UT WOS:000169278600014 ER PT J AU Dragan, YP Bidlack, WR Cohen, SM Goldsworthy, TL Hard, GC Howard, PC Riley, RT Voss, KA AF Dragan, YP Bidlack, WR Cohen, SM Goldsworthy, TL Hard, GC Howard, PC Riley, RT Voss, KA TI Implications of apoptosis for toxicity, carcinogenicity, and risk assessment: Fumonisin B-1 as an example SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; fumonisin; mycotoxins; kidney cancer; liver cancer; regeneration; carcinogenesis ID ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AREAS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CELL-PROLIFERATION; RAT-LIVER; N-NITROSOMETHYLBENZYLAMINE; CULTURE MATERIAL; PROMOTING ACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; MYCOTOXINS; CORN AB The rates of cell proliferation and cell loss in conjunction with the differentiation status of a tissue are among the many factors contributing to carcinogenesis. Nongenotoxic (non-DNA reactive) chemicals may affect this balance by increasing proliferation through direct mitogenesis or through a regenerative response following loss of cells through cytotoxic (oncotic) or apoptotic necrosis. In a recent NTP study in Fischer rats and B6C37F(1) mice, the mycotoxin fumonisin B-1 caused renal carcinomas in male rats and liver cancer in female mice. In an earlier study in male ED-IS rats, fumonisin B-1 caused hepatic toxicity and hepatocellular carcinomas. An early effect of fumonisin B-1 exposure in these target organs is apoptosis. However, there is also some evidence of oncotic necrosis following fumonisin B-1 administration, especially in the liver. Induction of apoptosis may be a consequence of ceramide synthase inhibition and disruption of sphingolipid metabolism by fumonisin B-1. Fumonisin B-1 is not genotoxic in bacterial mutagenesis screens or in the rat liver unscheduled DNA-synthesis assay, Fumonisin B-1 may be the first example of an apparently nongenotoxic (non-DNA reactive) agent producing tumors through a mode of action involving apoptotic necrosis, atrophy, and consequent regeneration. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Ohio State Univ, James Canc Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Coll Agr, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Div Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Amer Hlth Fdn, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cohen, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, 983135 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. NR 93 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 61 IS 1 BP 6 EP 17 DI 10.1093/toxsci/61.1.6 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 423YD UT WOS:000168204600003 PM 11294969 ER PT J AU Soares, MP Riet-Correa, F Smith, DR Soares, MP Mendez, M Brandolt, AL AF Soares, MP Riet-Correa, F Smith, DR Soares, MP Mendez, M Brandolt, AL TI Experimental intoxication by larvae of Perreyia flavipes Konow, 1899 (Hymenoptera : Pergidae) in pigs and some aspects on its biology SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Perreyia flavipes Konow; sawfly toxicity; liver necrosis; swine AB Two pigs were dosed with 5 and 10 g/kg bw of fresh Pen Perreyia flavipes larvae collected at the municipality of Pelotas. Two other pigs were dosed with 0.87 and 1.7 g/kg of dry P. flavipes (equivalent to 5 and 10 g/kg bw of fresh larvae). Another pig was dosed with 0.17 g/kg of dry larvae, daily, during 20 d, Forty-eight hours after the ingestion, all pigs that ingested single doses showed clinical signs and marked rise in serum aspartate aminotransferase. Alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamil-transferase were also slightly increased. The pig dosed with 10 g/kg of fresh larvae died in 96 h, The others recovered in 4-5 days after ingestion. No clinical signs were observed in the pigs dosed during 20 d with 0.17 g/kg of dry larvae. The main lesion observed in the pig dosed whit 10 g/kg of fresh larvae was a centrilobular liver necrosis, These results confirmed the toxicity of P. flavipes for swine, demonstrated that the larvae maintain the toxicity after being dried, and suggest no cumulative effect in the larval toxicity. The larvae collected in the held were conditioned in boxes containing swards of native grasses and covered with gauze to prevent the escape of adults on emergence. The larvae pupated from August 11 to September 25. Emergency of adults: occurred from February 10 to March 4. Adult females and males live only fur 18-36 and 24-48 h, respectively. The eggs had an incubation period of 16-33 d. The larval period extend from March 1 to August 24. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 Ufpel, Fac Vet, Lab Reg Diagnost, BR-96010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,PSI,Systmat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Soares, MP (reprint author), Ufpel, Fac Vet, Lab Reg Diagnost, BR-96010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. EM mpsoares@ufpel.tehe.br NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 669 EP 678 DI 10.1016/S0041-0101(00)00192-6 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 384AF UT WOS:000165916300009 PM 11072046 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL Wolford, SD AF Peterson, DL Wolford, SD TI Mechanical harvester for fresh market quality stemless sweet cherries SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE mechanical harvester; sweet cherry; quality; stemless AB A mechanical harvester was developed to harvest sweet cherries for the fresh market. The harvester operator used joysticks to position and engage a rapid displacement actuator on main scaffolds to effect fruit removal. The three main scaffolds per tree were inclined to reduce damage as cherries fell to the catching surface. Ethrel was used to reduce the fruit retention force of mature cherries to enable removal without stems and damage. A catching conveyor was designed to intercept falling fruit without damage and elevate the fruit to a collecting conveyor. Mechanically harvested cherries had only 2-6% more damage than did commercially hand-harvested cherries and graded 85-92% marketable. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 481 EP 485 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400003 ER PT J AU Gillum, MN Armijo, CB McAlister, DD AF Gillum, MN Armijo, CB McAlister, DD TI Optimizing the speed of the cleaning cylinder on the Batt-Less Lint Cleaner SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE roller ginning; Lint Cleaning; cleaning efficiency; pima cotton; fiber quality AB An experiment was run to determine the optimum speed of the cleaning cylinder on the Batt-Less Lint Cleaner The Batt-Less Lint Cleaner is an experimental machine that combines the roller-ginning and lint-cleaning functions into one unit. The ginning section of the machine is a standard roller gin stand, while the lint. cleaning section consists of a saw-type cleaning cylinder Because the ginned fiber is guided directly onto the cleaning cylinder without forming a batt, a feed-roll/feed-bar assembly (which damages the fiber) is not needed. The control treatment of the experiment bypassed the cleaning cylinder of the Batt-Less Lint Cleaner and instead cleaned the fiber with mill-type/air-jet lint cleaners. The experimental treatments varied the speed of the cleaning cylinder from 300 to 1050 rpm in increments of 150 rpm. Results show that as the speed of the cleaning cylinder on the Batt-Less Lint Cleaner increased, lint trash content decreased, opening and cleaning waste (prior to carding) decreased, lint loss increased, and cleaning efficiency increased Lint turnout and bale value were not significantly different due to treatment. With the exception of color grade, very short fibers, and 36s yam strength, all other fiber and yam properties were not significantly different due to treatment, and all were at acceptable levels. Based on the results of the experiment, the optimum speed of the cleaning cylinder was found to be between 750 and 900 rpm. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Area, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM USA. New Mexico State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Cotton Qual Res Unit, Clemson, SC USA. RP Gillum, MN (reprint author), POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 487 EP 492 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400004 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Gerwig, BK Williams, RG Watts, DW Novak, JM AF Stone, KC Gerwig, BK Williams, RG Watts, DW Novak, JM TI Using gleams and REMM to estimate nutrient movement from a spray field and through a riparian forest SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE International Meeting CY JUL 12-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE riparian buffers; GLEAMS; REMM; water quality ID GROUNDWATER NITRATE; DYNAMICS; BUFFER AB With the increased number of large animal production facilities in eastern North Carolina, nutrient accumulation is becoming a problem in surface waters and groundwater. To protect these water sources, management practices to reduce nutrient movement or accumulation are being evaluated using computer models. The computer models, Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS) and a version of Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM), were used to estimate nitrogen and phosphorus transport of nutrients through a riparian buffer zone from an agricultural field that received swine lagoon effluent. The models simulated annual application rates of effluent equivalent to 500 and 1000 kg N/ha. The GLEAMS model provided the weather data and nutrient concentrations in the soil, sediment, and leachate for input into REMM. Assuming a 1000 kg N/ha loading rate, GLEAMS monthly average NO3-N leachate concentrations were within 14% of the observed data, and REMM-simulated NO3-N leachate concentration was within 5% of the observed data. Both models provided an adequate estimation of nitrogen transport through the system. GLEAMS simulations of PO4-P leachate followed the general trend of observed data. However, there was no apparent response in simulated PO4-P leachate concentrations for the two loading rates (95 and 190 kg P/ha), indicating a problem in the phosphorus calculations in the model. The REMM-simulated PO4-P leachate was greater than observed concentrations and was affected by the inputs obtained from GLEAMS. The pre-release version of REMM provided good estimates of the nutrient transport, and with a few improvements, official releases of REMM have the potential to provide better estimates of nutrient movement through the riparian buffer zone. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29521 USA. AgriWaste Technol Inc, Holly Springs, NC USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29521 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 505 EP 512 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400006 ER PT J AU Allred, B Brown, GO Brandvold, LA AF Allred, B Brown, GO Brandvold, LA TI Enhanced animal waste management through application of surfactants to soil material: Laboratory feasibility testing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE International Meeting CY JUL 12-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE surfactants; hydraulic conductivity; soil moisture diffusivity; wetting front penetration; mechanical compaction; nitrate mobility ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CATIONIC SURFACTANT; INDUCED REDUCTIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SORPTION; ADSORPTION AB Laboratory testing was conducted to determine the feasibility of using surfactants to enhance soil performance with regard to animal waste management at feedlot and dairy sites. Three surfactants, one anionic (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and two cationic (polyoxypropylene methyl diethyl ammonium chloride and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide), were tested on a sandy loam. The best surfactants are those capable of substantially reducing the amount of leaching under saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. Maintaining acceptable mechanical compaction characteristics, and if possible, limiting nitrate mobility are also important. The experimental program therefore focused on three areas: (1) Surfactant influence on leaching as indicated by effects on soil hydraulic properties (saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture diffusivity, and unsaturated soil wetting front penetration); (2) Surfactant effects on mechanical compaction; and (3) Nitrate transport in surfactant-modified soil. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured using falling-head permeability tests. Transient unsaturated horizontal column experiments provided information concerning surfactant influence on soil moisture diffusivity and wetting front penetration. Standard Proctor methods were applied in the study of surfactant effects on mechanical compaction. Adsorption batch tests gauged nitrate mobility in surfactant-treated soil. The anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and one of the two cationic surfactants (polyoxypropylene methyl diethyl ammonium chloride) produced considerable reductions in saturated hydraulic conductivity; soil moisture diffusivity, and unsaturated soil wetting front penetration. With regard to mechanical compaction, the anionic surfactant and the other cationic surfactant (tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) affected decreases in the optimum moisture content corresponding to maximum dry bulk density. The moisture content range between optimum and the wet value corresponding to 90% or 95% maximum dry bulk density is also much narrower for these two surfactants, thereby increasing the difficulty of field compaction. Interestingly, the cationic surfactant having the greatest influence on soil hydraulic properties was not the same one having the most substantial effect on mechanical compaction. Adsorption batch tests indicate nitrate mobility in the sandy loam is not significantly altered by soil treatment with any of the three surfactants. The polyoxypropylene methyl diethyl ammonium chloride test results (no adverse effects on mechanical compaction and reduced hydraulic conductivity diffusivity, and wetting front penetration) are alone enough to suggest the feasibility of using surfactants to enhance soil performance for animal waste management. However, more investigation is needed with a greater variety of surfactants on a number of different soils, particularly with regard to hydraulic property testing using leachate typically generated at animal feedlot and dairy facilities. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. New Mexico Bur Mines & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM USA. RP Allred, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Brown, Glenn/H-4354-2012 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 513 EP 524 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400007 ER PT J AU Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM Cook, KR AF Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM Cook, KR TI Prediction of headcut migration using a deterministic approach SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineering CY JUL 17-22, 1999 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engn DE flume tests; headcut migration; erodibility; soil strength; hydraulic stress; gullies AB The rate of headcut migration is of specific interest for engineers designing earthen spillways and embankments. It is also of importance in landscape management and river geomorphology and restoration. The objective of this study was to compare the measured rates of headcut migration from flume tests to predicted migration results from a simplistic deterministic model. Headcut migration tests were conducted in a 1.8-m wide and 29-m. long flume with 2.4-m high sidewalls. Migration rates were predicted based on a simplified physically based deterministic equation using soil strength, soil unit weight, erodibility and critical shear stress, overfall height, backwater level, discharge, and hydraulic stresses in the plunge pool region of the headcut. A total of 46 headcut migration tests are analyzed, 37 tests of a compacted CL material, 2 tests of a compacted SM material, and 7 tests of a compacted CL material overlying an erodible sand layer The migration rates varied over 3 orders of magnitudefrom 0.02 m/h to 20 m/h Factors such as soil strength and erodibility have a primary impact on the rate of headcut migration. Factors such as backwater and bulk unit weight have less of an impact. It was observed that predictions of headcut migration in the high backwater tests were better correlated (r(2) = 0.42) than low backwater cases (r2 = 0.42). This was attributed to the contrast in the behavior of the impinging jet in low and high backwater cases and present understanding of stresses in this environment. The inclusion of physical parameters to account for soil strength, erodibility, hydraulic stresses, and force balance makes it possible to make physically based predictions of migration rate over several orders of magnitude. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Lab, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Lab, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 525 EP 531 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400008 ER PT J AU Franklin, DH Cabrera, ML Steiner, JL Endale, DM Miller, WP AF Franklin, DH Cabrera, ML Steiner, JL Endale, DM Miller, WP TI Evaluation of percent flow captured by a small in-field runoff collector SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE runoff collector; nutrient management; field scale assessment; water quality; nonpoint-source pollution ID LITTER; LOSSES AB Increased environmental concern about nutrient loadings in runoff and surface water has heightened the need for evaluation of management practices at the field scale. Thus, there is a need for small in-field runoff collectors to assess nutrient migration at the field scale on various land management systems. A runoff sampler previously designed for the relatively flat terrain of the Coastal Plain was modified to accommodate steeper slopes (5% to 12%), larger flow rates, and channelized flow common in the Southern Piedmont. We conducted a laboratory study with the modified sampler to evaluate the effect of flow rate (1 to 5.5 L min(-1)) and slope (5% and 12%) on percent flow capture. Our results show that slope and flow rate had little to no effect on the percent flow capture of the modified runoff collector The 95% confidence interval for percent flow capture in a single observation was 10.4 +/-2.5% for the 10x splitter and 2.0 +/-1.7% for the 100x splitter Because of the potential errors for single observations, several runoff collectors should be used if runoff volume needs to be quantified. The use of this small in-field runoff collector would be fairly unobtrusive, inexpensive in different management systems, and could help further our knowledge of migration of nutrients, pesticides, microorganisms, and sediments from fields into streams. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Franklin, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 551 EP 554 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400011 ER PT J AU King, KW Balogh, JC AF King, KW Balogh, JC TI Water quality impacts associated with converting farmland and forests to turfgrass SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MODEL; GROUNDWATER; NITRATE; FLOW; GIS AB Three to four hundred new or renovated turfgrass systems are constructed in the U.S. each year Many of these systems (golf courses, city parks, and residential and institutional lawns) are constructed in agricultural and silvicultural environments. However, knowledge of the water quality impact in transitioning from an agricultural or silvicultural landscape to a turfgrass landscape is at best limited. Using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) water quality model, 99-year simulations for three locations were completed for a continuous corn (Zea mays L) agricultural rotation (AGR), a forested environment (FST), a golf course built in a previously agricultural setting (AGR-G), and a golf course constructed in a previously forested (FST-G) setting. Hydrologic, nitrate-nitrogen, and pesticide (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) impacts were evaluated. The hydrologic balance associated with AGR was significantly different from those for AGR-G, FST-G, and FST Transition from FST to FST-G increased the loading and risk potential of surface runoff losses for both nitrate and 2,4-D and significantly increased (alpha = 0.05) the potential for percolate losses of 2,4-D. Converting AGR to AGR-G significantly reduced the loading and risk potential for nitrate and 2,4-D losses. However, the addition of housing developments and increased impervious areas, which generally follow turfgrass land developments, were not considered, so the actual risk potential is probably higher than shown with this model. In addition to the impacts assessed, this study shows the SWAT model and associated simulation and analysis strategy to be a useful tool in evaluating risk assessments associated with land use conversions. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Spectrum Res Inc, Duluth, MN USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM king@brc.tamus.edu NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 569 EP 576 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400013 ER PT J AU Aase, JK Bjorneberg, DL Sojka, RE AF Aase, JK Bjorneberg, DL Sojka, RE TI Zone-subsoiling relationships to bulk density and cone index on a furrow-irrigated soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE no-till; paratill; bulk density; cone index; irrigation ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOIL; ROOT-GROWTH; TILLAGE; STRENGTH; YIELD; EMERGENCE; HORIZONS; POTATOES; SURFACE; EROSION AB Zone subsoiling on irrigated land has been successfully used to improve potato (Solanum tuberosum. L.) yield and quality. Zone subsoiling under furrow irrigation may disrupt water flow and influence infiltration and soil erosion. We hypothesized that zone subsoiling, done appropriately, will maintain integrity of irrigation furrows, improve small grain and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growth and yield, and not adversely affect water flow, infiltration, or erosion on furrow-irrigated soils. The experiment was conducted at the USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory in Kimberly, Idaho. The soil is a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). Tillage treatments were disk, disk + paratill, paratill, and no-till. There were no differences in water infiltration, runoff, or soil erosion among treatments. Bulk density differences among treatments were largest at the 0.15 to 0.20-m depth, and bulk density was about 16% to 18% greater on disk and no-till treatments than on paratill treatments. The highest frequency of low cone index (CI) values belonged to paratill treatments (65% to 80% frequency of CI values less than 2 MPa); the lowest frequency of low CI values belonged to no-till treatment (20% frequency less than 2 Wa). Cone index versus bulk density relationships depended on soil water content with a slope of 5.81 (r(2) = 0.70) in the wetter year of 1997, and 2.90 in the drier year of 1995 (r(2) = 0.60). Subsoiling can be accomplished on furrow-irrigated lands with no adverse effects on runoff, infiltration, and erosion, but under our conditions did not improve crop growth and yield. C1 USDA ARS, Agr Res Serv, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Aase, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Serv, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 577 EP 583 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400014 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE Storm, DE Tejral, RD Popova, YA Keyworth, VG Stanley, EH AF Haggard, BE Storm, DE Tejral, RD Popova, YA Keyworth, VG Stanley, EH TI Stream nutrient retention in three Northeastern Oklahoma agricultural catchments SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE aquatic ecology; water quality; nutrient retention; Ozark streams; Oklahoma ID PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WOODLAND STREAM; SURFACE WATERS; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; CHANNEL; NITRATE; GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENTS AB Stream nutrient retention was examined in three adjacent agricultural catchments (Cherokee Creek, Cloud Creek, and Dry Creek) in the Ozark Plateau. Retention efficiency was measured using short-term nutrient and tracer injections to estimate nutrient uptake length (S-w) during summer 1999 and winter 2000. A one-dimensional transport model was used to estimate dispersion, transient storage size, and exchange. Soluble reactive P (SRP) and NO3-N concentrations were least in the stream with the lowest proportion of pasture in the upland (Dry Creek), whereas concentrations and land use were similar in Cherokee Creek and Cloud Creek. Water column SRP concentrations were similar between seasons in all streams, but NO3-N concentrations varied significantly. Injected NO3-N was not significantly retained in these systems, probably because the streams were saturated by ambient NO3-N concentrations (greater than 0.1 mg L-1). Phosphorus was retained during summer injections (S-W ranged from 200-900 m), but S-W regressions were not significant in winter Variation in catchment land use was not a major determinant in P retention during summer, but stream hydrology, such as discharge and transient storage, was a regulating factor Therefore, land use changes that alter stream hydrology may have a greater impact on P retention in these streams. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. OI Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121 NR 53 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 597 EP 605 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400016 ER PT J AU Park, B Chen, YR Hruschka, WR Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Park, B Chen, YR Hruschka, WR Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M TI Principal component regression of near-infrared reflectance spectra for beef tenderness prediction SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE beef tenderness; quality; reflectance; NIR spectrophotometry; principal component analysis (PCA) ID POULTRY CARCASSES; SPECTROSCOPY; FAT; MOISTURE; PROTEIN; MUSCLE; PORK; MEAT AB Tenderness is the most important factor affecting consumer perception of eating quality of meat. In this paper, the development of the principal component regression (PCR) models to relate near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra of raw meat to Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force measurement of cooked meat was presented. NIR reflectance spectra with wavelengths from 1100 to 2498 nm were collected on 119 longissimus dorsi meat cuts. The 1st principal component (or factor) fi-om the absorption spectra log(1/R) showed that the most significant variance from the spectra of tough and tender meats were due to the absorptions of fat at 1212, 1722, and 2306 nm and water at 1910 nm. The distinctive fat absorption peaks at 1212, 1722, 1760, and 2306 nm were found in the 2nd factor of the second derivative spectra of meat. In addition, the local minima in the 2nd principal component of the second derivative spectra showed the importance of water absorption at 1153 nm and protein absorption at 1240, 1385, and 1690 nm. When the absorption spectra between 1100 nm and 2498 nm. were used, the coefficient of determination (R-2) of the PCR model to predict WB shear force tenderness was 0.692. The R-2 was 0.612 when the spectra between 1100 nm and 1350 nm were analyzed. When the second derivatives of the spectral data were used, the R2 of the PCR model to predict WB shear force of the meat was 0.633 for the full spectral range of 1100 to 2498 nm and 0.616 for the spectral range of 1100 to 1350 nm. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meal Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meal Qual Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA USA. EM bpark@ppmq.ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 609 EP 615 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400017 ER PT J AU Mani, S Flinn, PW Muir, WE Jayas, DS White, NDG AF Mani, S Flinn, PW Muir, WE Jayas, DS White, NDG TI Two models of grain temperatures and insect populations in stored wheat SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE hot spot model; spatial model; Cryptolestes ferrugineus; insect population dynamics; insect migration; stored grain ID CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS STEPHENS; HEAT; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB Stored grain temperatures and population dynamics of rusty grain beetles, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), predicted by a hot spot model, which included feedback from the insect model to the temperature model, and a spatial model, which did not include that feedback, were compared. For an initial grain temperature of 30 degreesC and an initial population of 10,000 adult insects in stored grain at Winnipeg, Canada, the hot spot model predicted a maximum of 120 adults/kg of wheat at the center of the grain bulk toward the end of fall and a maximum temperature of 39 degreesC. The spatial model predicted an adult population of 500 adults/kg of wheat and no increases in temperatures. For the same simulation conditions but using weather data for Topeka, Kansas, the hot spot model predicted a maximum of 150 adults/kg of wheat at the center of the bulk in fall, while the spatial model predicted a maximum of 800 adults/kg. The hot spot model is closer to reality than the spatial model because it simulates the effects of variable heating around the bin wall, insect heat production, and insect movement. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Biosyst Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Muir, WE (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Biosyst Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada. EM william_muir@umanitoba.ca RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 655 EP 660 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400024 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Parker, DB Cole, NA Auvermann, BW Mehlhorn, JE AF Shi, Y Parker, DB Cole, NA Auvermann, BW Mehlhorn, JE TI Surface amendments to minimize ammonia emissions from beef cattle feedlots SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineering CY JUL 17-22, 1999 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engn DE ammonia; air quality; emissions; feedlot; feedyard; manure; cattle ID LIQUID HOG MANURE; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; UREASE INHIBITORS; VOLATILIZATION; NITROGEN; WASTE AB Amendments for reducing ammonia emissions from open-lot beef cattle feedlots were evaluated in the laboratory. A mixture of 1550 g of soil, 133 g of feces, and 267 g of urine was placed into plastic containers that were 20 cm X 20 cm X 12 cm deep. Using a vacuum system, clean air (3.2 L/min) was passed over the soil-manure surface and ammonia was trapped by bubbling the air through dilute sulfric acid. Treatments were a blank (soil with no manure), control (soil-manure mixture with no amendment), 4500 kg/ha Al-2(SO4)(3) (alum), 9000 kg/ha alum, 375 kg/ha commercial product (CP)for reducing ammonia emissions, 750 kg/ha CP, 4500 kg/ha calcium chloride (CaCl2), 9000 kg/ha CaCl2, 9000 kg/ha. brown humate, 9000 kg/ha black humate, 1 kg/ha of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and 2 kg/ha NBPT There were four replications of each treatment. Ammonia emissions were measured for 21 days following application of the amendments. Cumulative ammonia emissions after 21 days, expressed as a percentage of the control, were 0.4% for the blank, 8.5% for 4500 kg/ha alum, 1.7% for 9000 kg/ha alum 73.6% for 375 kg/ha. CP, 68.2 % for 750 kg/ha. CP, 28.8% for 4500 kg/ha CaCl2, 22.5% for 9000 kg/ha CaCl2, 32.4% for 9000 kg/ha brown humate, 39.8% for 9000 kg/ha black hum-ate, 35.9% for 1 kg/ha. NBPT, and 34.4% for 2 kg/ha NBPT Calculated costs of the amendments ranged from $0.12 to $5.53 per application per head. Only one treatment had a benefit/cost ratio greater than 1.0. Results suggest that amendments can reduce ammonia emissions from open feedlots, but the costs may be prohibitive. Site-specific environmental impacts should be evaluated before using these amendments in a commercial setting. C1 W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Amarillo, TX USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 677 EP 682 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400027 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Chen, YR Mehl, PM AF Kim, MS Chen, YR Mehl, PM TI Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging system for food quality and safety SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apples; contamination; disease; defect; bruise; hyperspectral imaging; reflectance; fluorescence; calibration ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; POULTRY CARCASSES; DELICIOUS APPLES; GREEN PLANTS AB This article presents a laboratory-based hyperspectral imaging system designed and developed by the Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland. The spectral range is from. 430 to 930 nm with spectral resolution of approximately 10 nm (full width at half maximum) and spatial resolution better than I mm. Our system is capable of reflectance and fluorescence measurements with the use of dual illumination sources where fluorescence emissions are measured with ultraviolet (UV-A) excitation. We present the calibrations and image-correction procedures for the system artifacts and heterogeneous responses caused by the optics, sensor, and lighting conditions throughout the spectrum region for reflectance and fluorescence. The results of the fluorescence correction method showed that the system responses throughout the spectrum region were normalized to within 0.5% error The versatility of the hyperspectral imaging system was demonstrated with sample fluorescence and reflectance images of a normal apple and an apple with fungal contamination and bruised spots. The primary use of the imaging system in our laboratory is to conduct food safety and quality research. However, we envision that this unique system can be used in a number of scientific applications. C1 USDA ARS, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, ISL, Bldg 303 BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 192 Z9 210 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 721 EP 729 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400033 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO TI Universal calibration method for microwave moisture sensing in granular materials SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE universal calibration method; moisture content; microwave sensors; granular materials; bulk density; relative complex permittivity ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; DENSITY; PERMITTIVITY; DEPENDENCE; WHEAT AB A feasibility study of a universal calibration method for nondestructive real-time sensing of moisture content in granular materials is described. The principle is based on measurement of the dielectric properties of granular materials at microwave frequencies and the use of a calibration function that is expressed in terms of these properties to predict moisture content from a single moisture calibration equation. Effectiveness of this method is shown for three granular materials exhibiting significant structural and compositional differences: wheat, oats, and soybeans. The resulting single moisture calibration equation, based on measurements of the dielectric properties at 9.46 GHz and 24 degreesC, provides moisture content in all three materials with a standard error of calibration of 0.46% moisture content, wet basis. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 731 EP 736 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 491XY UT WOS:000172136400034 ER PT J AU Dong, SF Scagel, CF Cheng, LL Fuchigami, LH Rygiewicz, PT AF Dong, SF Scagel, CF Cheng, LL Fuchigami, LH Rygiewicz, PT TI Soil temperature and plant growth stage influence nitrogen uptake and amino acid concentration of apple during early spring growth SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE developmental stage; N-15; Malus domestica; roots ID ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE; FERTILIZER N-15; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; UREA SPRAYS; TREES; ACCUMULATION; SEEDLINGS; WHEAT; EFFICIENCY; FORM AB In spring, nitrogen (N) uptake by apple roots begins about 3 weeks after bud break. We used 1-year-old 'Fuji' Malus domestica Borkh on M26 bare-root apple trees to determine whether the onset of N uptake in spring is dependent solely on the growth stage of the plant or is a function of soil temperature. Five times during early season growth, N uptake and total amino acid concentration were measured in trees growing at aboveground day/night temperatures of 23/15 degreesC and belowground temperatures of 8, 12, 16 or 20 degreesC. We used (NH4NO3)-N-15-N-15 to measure total N uptake and rate of uptake and found that both were significantly influenced by both soil temperature and plant growth stage. Rate of uptake of N-15, increased creased with increasing soil temperature and changed with plant growth stage, Before bud break, N-15 was not detected in trees growing in the 8 degreesC soil treatment, whereas N-15 uptake increased with increasing soil temperatures between 12 and 20 degreesC. Ten days after bud break, N-15 was still not detected in trees growing in the 8 degreesC soil treatment, although total N-15 uptake and uptake rate continued to increase with increasing soil temperatures between 12 and 20 degreesC, Twenty-one days after bud break, trees in all temperature treatments were able to acquire N-15 from the soil, although the amount of uptake increased with increasing soil temperature. Distribution of N-15 in trees changed as plants grew. Most of the N-15 absorbed by trees before bud break (similar to5% of N-15 supplied per tree) remained in the roots. Forty-six days after bud break, approximately one-third of the N-15 absorbed by the trees in the 12-20 degreesC soil temperature treatments remained in the roots, whereas the shank, stem and new growth contained about two-thirds of the N-15 taken up by the roots. Total amino acid concentration and distribution of amino acids in trees changed with plant growth stage, but only the amino acid concentration in new growth and roots was affected by soil temperature. We conclude that a combination of low soil temperature and plant developmental stage influences the ability of apple trees to take up and use N from the soil in the spring. Thus, early fertilizer application in the spring when soil temperatures are low or when the aboveground portion of the tree is not actively growing may be ineffective in promoting N uptake. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Fruit & Vegetable Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Fuchigami, LH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 48 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 23 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 21 IS 8 BP 541 EP 547 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 439KU UT WOS:000169116700007 PM 11359712 ER PT J AU Evermann, JF Leathers, CW Gorham, JR McKeirnan, AJ Appel, MJG AF Evermann, JF Leathers, CW Gorham, JR McKeirnan, AJ Appel, MJG TI Pathogenesis of two strains of lion (Panthera leo) morbillivirus in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canine distemper virus; ferrets; lions; morbillivirus; Mustela putorius furo; Panthera leo; pathogenesis; vaccination; virus biotype ID CANINE-DISTEMPER VIRUS; BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS; AFRICAN WILD DOGS; MASAI-MARA; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; DOMESTIC DOGS; INFECTION; SERENGETI; CARNIVORES; KENYA AB Canine distemper virus (CDV) was previously considered to have a host range restricted to the canid family. In 1994, the virus was associated with sporadic outbreaks of distemper in captive felids. However, after severe mortality occurred in the Serengeti lions (Panthera leo), attention became focused on the pathogenesis of the virus and a concerted effort was made to identify the virus as CDV or a closely related feline morbillivirus. The present study was designed to explore the susceptibility of ferrets to challenge with two morbilliviruses isolated from lions and the protective effects of a modified-live mink distemper vaccine. Because mortality in ferrets infected with pathogenic CDV approaches 100% the ferret was selected as a test animal. Two strains of lion :morbillivirus were used as a challenge. A92-27/20 (California lion isolate) and A94-11/13 (Serengeti lion isolate). The two strains of lion morbillivirus were antigenically related to CDV (Rockborn strain), and ferrets were susceptible to both of the viruses when inoculated intraperitoneally. The inoculated ferrets were anorectic at 5-6 days postinoculation (PI), exhibited oculonasal discharge at 9-12 days PI, and became moribund at 12-22 days PI. Severe bilateral conjunctivitis was the typical clinical sign. Inclusion bodies characteristic of morbillivirus (eosinophilic, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic) were distributed in many epithelial cells, including those of the skin, conjunctiva, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, stomach, trachea, lung, urinary bladder, and kidney, Virus was reisolated from selected lung tissues collected at necropsy and identified by CDV-specific immunofluorescence. Ferrets vaccinated with the mink distemper vaccine (Onderstepoort strain) were protected from challenge with the two lion strains, adding further support to the premise that the viruses are closely related to CDV. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Baker Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. RP Evermann, JF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 38 IS 3 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1354/vp.38-3-311 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 429UT UT WOS:000168536400008 PM 11355661 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Abriola, LM AF Bradford, SA Abriola, LM TI Dissolution of residual tetrachloroethylene in fractional wettability porous media: Incorporation of interfacial area estimates SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; PRESSURE-SATURATION RELATIONS; LONG-TERM DISSOLUTION; STATE MASS-TRANSFER; SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; MULTIPHASE FLOW; TRANSFER RATES; SOIL; TRANSPORT AB Available data from a recent study of entrapped tetrachloroethylene (PCE) dissolution [Bradford et al., 1999] reveal that soil wettability and grain size distribution characteristics can dramatically influence dissolution behavior. This paper explores the modeling of the long-term dissolution of residual nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) entrapped in fractional wettability porous media. Here dissolution is modeled with a linear driving force expression, and the lumped mass transfer coefficient is represented using independent estimates of the film mass transfer coefficient and the NAPL-water interfacial area. In fractional wettability porous media the NAPL saturation is assumed to occur as both NAPL films and ganglia, and NAPL-water interfacial area is thus modeled as the sum of contributions from films and ganglia. The interfacial area model is calibrated by fitting several parameters to the available experimental data. Trends in fitted parameters suggest that (1) residual NAPL ganglia are less accessible to a flowing aqueous phase in finer textured soils; (2) the dissolution rate depends on the interfacial area in a nonlinear manner; and (3) NAPL ganglia entrapment depends on system wettability and grain size distribution. Mass transfer coefficient correlations are established from these fitted parameters. The calibrated model predicts that for a given NAPL saturation, an increasing PCE-wet sand fraction results in longer periods of high effluent concentrations, followed by increased rates of concentration reduction and more persistent subsequent low-concentration tailing. The dependence of dissolution behavior on mean grain size is also captured by this model. Simulations demonstrate a significant improvement in dissolution predictions using the proposed model in comparison with those obtained using a previously developed mass transfer correlation based upon a power law function of saturation. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010 NR 66 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1183 EP 1195 DI 10.1029/2000WR900374 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 425AP UT WOS:000168266400007 ER PT J AU Prasad, R Tarboton, DG Liston, GE Luce, CH Seyfried, MS AF Prasad, R Tarboton, DG Liston, GE Luce, CH Seyfried, MS TI Testing a blowing snow model against distributed snow measurements at Upper Sheep Creek, Idaho, United States of America SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX TERRAIN; SYSTEM AB In this paper a physically based snow transport model (SnowTran-3D) was used to simulate snow drifting over a 30 m grid and was compared to detailed snow water equivalence (SWE) surveys on three dates within a small 0.25 km(2) subwatershed, Upper Sheep Creek. Two precipitation scenarios and two vegetation scenarios were used to carry out four snow transport model runs in order to (1) evaluate the blowing snow model, (2) evaluate the sensitivity of the snow transport model to precipitation and vegetation inputs, and (3) evaluate the linearity of snow accumulation patterns and the utility of the drift factor concept in distributed snow modeling. Spatial comparison methods consisted of (1) pointwise comparisons of measured and modeled SWE, (2) visual comparisons of the spatial maps, (3) comparisons of the basin-wide average SWE, (4) comparisons of zonal average SWE in accumulation and scour zones, and (5) comparisons of distribution functions. We found that the basin average modeled SWE was in reasonable agreement with observations and that visually the spatial pattern of snow accumulation was well represented except for a pattern shift. Pointwise comparisons between the modeled and observed SWE maps displayed significant errors. The distribution functions of SnowTran-3D-modeled drift factors from two precipitation scenarios on three dates were compared with the distribution function of observation-based drift factors obtained previously by calibration to evaluate the assumption of linearity. We found only a 14% reduction in explained variance in the distribution function of drift factors for a 69% increase in precipitation, suggesting that the simplification provided by the use of drift factor distributions will result in errors that are tolerable in many cases. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Boise, ID USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Prasad, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Tarboton, David/G-8972-2011 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1341 EP 1356 DI 10.1029/2000WR900317 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 425AP UT WOS:000168266400020 ER PT J AU Hobbins, MT Ramirez, JA Brown, TC Claessens, LHJM AF Hobbins, MT Ramirez, JA Brown, TC Claessens, LHJM TI The complementary relationship in estimation of regional evapotranspiration: The Complementary Relationship Areal Evapotranspiration and Advection-Aridity models SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL EVAPORATION; APPLICABILITY; PRECIPITATION; SURFACES; CLIMATE; MORTON; SOIL AB Two implementations of the complementary relationship hypothesis for regional evapotranspiration, the Complementary Relationship Areal Evapotranspiration (CRAE) model and the Advection-Aridity (AA) model, are evaluated against independent estimates of regional evapotranspiration derived from long-term, large-scale water balances (1962-1988) for 120 minimally impacted basins in the conterminous United States. The CRAE model overestimates annual evapotranspiration by 2.5% of mean annual precipitation, and the AA model underestimates annual evapotranspiration by 10.6% of precipitation. Generally, increasing humidity leads to decreasing absolute errors for both models, and increasing aridity leads to increasing overestimation by the CRAE model and underestimation by the AA model, with the exception of high, arid basins, where the AA model overestimates evapotranspiration. Overall, the results indicate that the advective portion of the AA model must be recalibrated before it may be used successfully on a regional basis and that the CRAE model accurately predicts monthly regional evapotranspiration. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hobbins, MT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Hobbins, Mike/N-4630-2014 OI Hobbins, Mike/0000-0001-5789-5229 NR 41 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1367 EP 1387 DI 10.1029/2000WR900358 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 425AP UT WOS:000168266400022 ER PT J AU Hobbins, MT Ramirez, JA Brown, TC AF Hobbins, MT Ramirez, JA Brown, TC TI The complementary relationship in estimation of regional evapotranspiration: An enhanced Advection-Aridity model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION AB Long-term monthly evapotranspiration estimates from Brutsaert and Stricker's Advection-Aridity model were compared with independent estimates of evapotranspiration derived from long-term water balances for 139 undisturbed basins across the conterminous United States. On an average annual basis for the period 1962-1988 the original model, which uses a Penman wind function, underestimated evapotranspiration by 7.9% of precipitation compared with the water balance estimates. Model accuracy increased with basin humidity. An improved formulation of the model is presented in which the wind function and the Priestley-Taylor coefficient are modified. The wind function was reparameterized on a seasonal, regional basis to replicate independent proxy potential evapotranspiration surfaces. This led to significant differences from the original Penman wind function. The reparameterized wind function, together with a recalibrated Priestley-Taylor coefficient in the wet environment evapotranspiration formulation, reduced the underestimation of annual average evapotranspiration to only 1.15% of precipitation on an independent set of validation basins, The results offered here lend further support for Bouchet's hypothesis as it applies to large-scale, long-term evapotranspiration. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hobbins, MT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Hobbins, Mike/N-4630-2014 OI Hobbins, Mike/0000-0001-5789-5229 NR 19 TC 93 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1403 DI 10.1029/2000WR900359 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 425AP UT WOS:000168266400023 ER PT J AU Bennett, SJ Casali, J AF Bennett, SJ Casali, J TI Effect of initial step height on headcut development in upland concentrated flows SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SCOUR DOWNSTREAM; RILL EROSION; MIGRATION; RAINFALL; GROWTH; SLOPE AB Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of initial step height on growth, development, and upstream migration of headcuts in concentrated flows typical of rills, crop furrows, and ephemeral gullies. In a Laboratory channel, packed soil beds were constructed with preformed headcuts ranging in height from 5 to 50 mm. Each bed was subjected to the same simulated rain, which produced a protective surface seal, followed by an overland Row, which caused soil erosion exclusively at the headcut. After a brief period of bed adjustment, migration rate, scour hole geometry, and sediment yield reached asymptotic values, but the time and length required to reach these asymptotes decreased as the initial step height increased. Steady state headcut dimensions, sediment yield, and the slope of the sediment deposit increased as initial step height ina eased, but sediment sorting patterns downstream of the migrating headcut remained unchanged. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Publ Univ Navarra, Dept Projects & Rural Engn, Navarra 31006, Spain. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr,POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1475 EP 1484 DI 10.1029/2000WR900373 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 425AP UT WOS:000168266400030 ER PT J AU Leij, FJ Dane, JH AF Leij, FJ Dane, JH TI Comment on "A moment method for analyzing breakthrough curves of seep inputs" by C. Yu et al. SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSPORT C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Leij, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1535 EP 1537 DI 10.1029/2000WR900321 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 425AP UT WOS:000168266400038 ER PT J AU Westbrooks, RG Gregg, WP Eplee, RE AF Westbrooks, RG Gregg, WP Eplee, RE TI My view SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. USDA, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 303 EP 304 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0303:MV]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WY UT WOS:000175241600001 ER PT J AU Foley, ME AF Foley, ME TI Seed dormancy: an update on terminology, physiological genetics, and quantitative trait loci regulating germinability SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID OAT AVENA-FATUA; ENDOGENOUS ABSCISIC-ACID; THALIANA L HEYNH; NONDORMANT BARLEY GRAINS; BETA-MANNANASE ACTIVITY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SECONDARY DORMANCY; GIBBERELLIN-DEFICIENT C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foley, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM foleym@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 163 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0305:SDAUOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WY UT WOS:000175241600002 ER PT J AU Blair-Kerth, LK Dotray, PA Keeling, JW Gannaway, JR Oliver, MJ Quisenberry, JE AF Blair-Kerth, LK Dotray, PA Keeling, JW Gannaway, JR Oliver, MJ Quisenberry, JE TI Tolerance of transformed cotton to glufosinate SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glufosinate; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. 'Coker 312'; sequential applications; stage of growth; herbicide rate; bialaphos resistance gene; BAR gene ID RESISTANCE; VECTORS; PLANTS; CROPS AB Field experiments from 1997 to 1999 examined cotton cv. 'Coker 312' that was genetically transformed to tolerate glufosinate. None of the glufosinate treatments caused visible injury to the glufosinate-tolerant cotton, but treatments were lethal to nontransformed or nonexpressing cotton. No glufosinate treatment adversely affected plant height at maturity, total number of nodes, bolls per plant, or boll positions. Glufosinate applications of 0.6 kg ha(-1) made at eight stages of growth, ranging from cotyledon stage to 50% open boll, did not adversely affect yield or fiber quality as measured by micronaire or fiber length and strength. Sequential glufosinate applications up to four stages of growth from the zero- to one-leaf stage to the 14- to 15-leaf stage or individual glufosinate applications at 3.3 kg ha(-1) made at the Moto three-leaf stage of growth also did not adversely affect yield or fiber quality. Over-all yields in these studies were low relative to normal Texas Southern High Plains cotton yield because these studies were conducted using a Coker 312 parental line, which is generally a poor performer in this region. This research indicated that the transformation events for glufosinate tolerance in cotton were successful and the glufosinate-tolerance gene was expressed throughout the growing season. Transformation and field testing of other cotton varieties are needed to improve varietal performance on the Texas Southern High Plains. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Dotray, PA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mailstop 2122, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0375:TOTCTG]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WY UT WOS:000175241600011 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK Pearson, PL AF Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK Pearson, PL TI Erythropoietin mRNA expression in pig embryos SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE erythropoietin; mRNA; embryos; pigs; development ID GESTATIONAL-AGE FETUSES; SERUM ERYTHROPOIETIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT; ADULT SHEEP; FETAL; HYPOXIA; CLONING; PROTEIN AB To address whether altered erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis might be involved in prenatal pig mortality, studies were conducted to measure porcine embryonic EPO mRNA expression during early gestation (days 24-40). Three pig models differing in embryonic survival from days 24-40 were investigated: intact white crossbred gilts (INT), white crossbred gilts that were unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized before puberty and whose pregnant uterus constituted a crowded environment (UHO), and prolific, intact Meishan gilts (ME). A partial cDNA for porcine EPO, developed via reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction procedures was used to generate a P-32-labeled probe for use in Northern analyses. In an initial study, embryonic liver EPO mRNA was greatest on day 24, decreased by day 30 (P < 0.01), and was barely detectable by day 40. EPO mRNA expression was not influenced by pig model. Placental EPO mRNA expression was detectable in only 4 of 53 placentae examined. In a second study at day 35 of gestation, embryonic liver EPO mRNA expression was measured in the same three pig models and in two embryos of divergent weights from each gilt. Meishan embryos had lower(P < 0.01) plasma immunoassayable EPO concentrations (P = 0.04) and higher survival rates (87 +/- 2.7%) at day 35 than did white crossbred embryos (75 +/-5%). Liver EPO mRNA expression did not differ among animal models, nor did plasma EPO or tissue EPO mRNA expression differ between large and small embryos. There was no apparent relationship between embryonic development, measured as embryonic and placental size, and plasma EPO concentrations or liver EPO mRNA expression. These results indicate that at the gestational ages examined, the embryonic liver is one source of plasma erythropoietin and suggest that at the ages sampled. EPO is not a limiting factor in embryonic development. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Klemcke, HG (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 2001 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0378-4320(01)00084-7 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 427DY UT WOS:000168390600008 PM 11343845 ER PT J AU Valtuena, S Kehayias, J AF Valtuena, S Kehayias, J TI Measurement of body fat mass in vivo: from two-compartment techniques to neutron activation analysis and DXA SO MEDICINA CLINICA LA Spanish DT Review DE body composition; fat mass; in vivo neutron activation analysis; elemental analysis; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE; COMPOSITION MODEL; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; IN-VIVO; INVIVO; VALIDATION; HYDRATION; HUMANS C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Body Composit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Valtuena, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Food & Nutr Res, Human Nutr Unit, Via Ardeatina 545, I-00178 Rome, Italy. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDICIONES DOYMA S/L PI BARCELONA PA TRAV DE GRACIA 17-21, 08021 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0025-7753 J9 MED CLIN-BARCELONA JI Med. Clin. PD APR 28 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 15 BP 590 EP 597 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 436ZN UT WOS:000168965900008 PM 11412637 ER PT J AU Beck, MA Nelson, HK Shi, Q Van Dael, P Schiffrin, EJ Blum, S Barclay, D Levander, OA AF Beck, MA Nelson, HK Shi, Q Van Dael, P Schiffrin, EJ Blum, S Barclay, D Levander, OA TI Selenium deficiency increases the pathology of an influenza virus infection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; cytokine; chemokine ID NF-KAPPA-B; T-CELLS; COXSACKIEVIRUS B3; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRAL-INFECTION; KESHAN-DISEASE; A VIRUS; MICE; THIOREDOXIN AB Selenium (Se) deficiency has previously been shown to induce myocarditis in mice infected with a benign strain of coxsackievirus. To determine if Se deficiency would also intensify an infection with influenza virus, Se-deficient and Se-adequate mice were infected with a mild strain of influenza, influenza A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2). Infected Se-deficient mice developed much more severe interstitial pneumonitis than did Se-adequate mice. This increase in pathology was associated with significant alterations in mRNA levels for cytokines and chemokines involved in pro-inflammatory responses. These results demonstrate that adequate nutrition is required for protection against viral infection and suggest that nutritional deprivation may be one of many factors that increase the susceptibility of individuals to influenza infection. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Nestle Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Beck, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, 535 Burnett Womack,CB 7220, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM melinda_beck@unc.edu NR 49 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 6 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 27 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1481 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.00-0721fje PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 519BV UT WOS:000173705800003 PM 11387264 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Oi, FM Strong, CA AF Valles, SM Oi, FM Strong, CA TI Purification and characterization of trans-permethrin metabolizing microsomal esterases from workers of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microsomal esterase; permethrin metabolism; subterranean termite; Reticulitermes flavipes; protein purification ID NILAPARVATA-LUGENS STAL; CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; BROWN PLANTHOPPER; FIELD POPULATIONS; GERMAN-COCKROACH; RAT-LIVER; RHINOTERMITIDAE; ISOPTERA AB Three alpha -naphthyl acetate hydrolyzing esterase isozymes were purified from microsomes prepared from Reticulitermes flavipes workers. The two step process involved sequential preparative IEF followed by continuous elution preparative electrophoresis on a 5% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The first IEF run resulted in 5.4-fold purification with a yield of 46.1%. Subsequent IEF further purified the esterases 14.3-fold and 12% yield. Preparative electrophoresis of the pooled IEF fractions produced three major peaks of alpha -naphthyl acetate hydrolyzing activity. The esterases were correspondingly designated microsomal esterase (ME) 1, ME 2, and ME 3 based on increasing molecular retention on a native PAGE gel. ME 1, ME 2, and ME 3 were acidic proteins with pi values of 4.61, 4.70, and 4.77, respectively. Molecular mass as determined by gel filtration chromatography of ME 1, ME 2, and ME 3 was 69, 64, and 62 kDa, respectively. SDS-PAGE gels produced a single band for each of the isozymes with a molecular mass of 63 kDa indicating that the esterases were monomers. Specific activities of ME 1, ME 2, and ME 3 increased with increasing pH and the enzymes were active over a broad temperature range (25-55 degreesC). The three purified isozymes were inhibited at low concentration by paraoxon (10(-10) M), chlorpyrifos (10(-6) M), DEF (10(-6) M), and PMSF (10(-6) M) indicating that they were "B" type serine esterases. Conversely, inhibition was not observed at 10(-4) M eserine, PHMB, or CaCl2, further supporting the conclusion that the microsomal esterases were of the "B" type. None of the isozymes was inhibited by 10(-4) M imidacloprid, fipronil, or PBO. Quantitatively, ME I,ME 2 and ME 3 metabolized t-permethrin at 21.8, 21.0, and 38.8 nmol/h/mg protein, representing a purification factor of 333-, 318-, and 591-fold over microsomes, respectively. The three isozymes produced the same type and number of t-permethrin metabolites. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Bet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Bet Entomol, 1600 SE 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR 27 PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6-7 BP 715 EP 725 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(00)00179-X PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 427RR UT WOS:000168419700020 PM 11267909 ER PT J AU Shallow, S Samuel, M McNees, A Rothrock, G Vugia, D Fiorentino, T Marcus, R Hurd, S Mshar, P Phan, Q Cartter, M Hadler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Segler, S Lance-Parker, S MacKenzie, W McCombs, K Blake, P Morris, JG Hawkins, M Roche, J Smith, K Besser, J Swanson, E Stenzel, S Medus, C Moore, K Zansky, S Hibbs, J Morse, D Smith, P Cassidy, M McGivern, T Shiferaw, B Cieslak, P Kohn, M Jones, T Craig, A Moore, W CDC AF Shallow, S Samuel, M McNees, A Rothrock, G Vugia, D Fiorentino, T Marcus, R Hurd, S Mshar, P Phan, Q Cartter, M Hadler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Segler, S Lance-Parker, S MacKenzie, W McCombs, K Blake, P Morris, JG Hawkins, M Roche, J Smith, K Besser, J Swanson, E Stenzel, S Medus, C Moore, K Zansky, S Hibbs, J Morse, D Smith, P Cassidy, M McGivern, T Shiferaw, B Cieslak, P Kohn, M Jones, T Craig, A Moore, W CDC TI Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses - Selected sites, United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 241-246, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Connecticut State Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Oregon Hlth Dept Human Serv, Salem, OR 97310 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Parasit Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shallow, S (reprint author), Calif Emerging Infect Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 25 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 16 BP 2071 EP 2073 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 422QW UT WOS:000168131600010 ER PT J AU Rials, TG Wolcott, MP Nassar, JM AF Rials, TG Wolcott, MP Nassar, JM TI Interfacial contributions in lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced polyurethane composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wood fiber; polyurethane; composite; interphase; dynamic mechanical analysis ID N-15 CP/MAS NMR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ADHESIVE BONDLINE; MOISTURE-CONTENT; WOOD; POLYPROPYLENE AB Whereas lignocellulosic fibers have received considerable attention as a reinforcing agent in thermoplastic composites, their applicability to reactive polymer systems remains of considerable interest. The hydroxyl-rich nature of natural lignocellulosic fibers suggests that they are particularly useful in thermosetting systems such as polyurethanes. To further this concept, urethane composites were prepared using both unused thermomechanical pulp and recycled newsprint fibers. In formulating the materials, the fibers were considered as a pseudo-reactant, contributing to the network formation. A di-functional and tri-functional poly(propylene oxide)-based polyol were investigated as the synthetic components with a polyol-miscible isocyanate resin serving as a crosslinking agent. The mechanical properties of the composites were found to depend most strongly on the type of fiber, and specifically the accessibility of hydroxy functionality on the fiber. Dynamic mechanical analysis, swelling behavior, and scanning electron micrographs of failure surfaces all provided evidence of a substantial interphase in the composites that directly impacted performance properties. The functionality of the synthetic polyol further distinguished the behavior of the composite materials. Tri-functional polyols generally increased strength and stiffness, regardless of fiber type. The data suggest that synthetic polyol functionality and relative accessibility of the internal polymer structure of the fiber wall are dominant factors in determining the extent of interphase development. Considerable opportunity exists to engineer the properties of this material system given the wide range of natural fibers and synthetic polyols available for formulation. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Temple Inland Forest Prod Corp, Hope, AR 71801 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Rials, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 25 PY 2001 VL 80 IS 4 BP 546 EP 555 DI 10.1002/1097-4628(20010425)80:4<546::AID-APP1129>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 407GJ UT WOS:000167263600007 ER PT J AU Brayton, KA Knowles, DP McGuire, TC Palmer, GH AF Brayton, KA Knowles, DP McGuire, TC Palmer, GH TI Efficient use of a small genome to generate antigenic diversity in tick-borne ehrlichial pathogens (vol 98, pg 4130, 2001) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 24 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 9 BP 5369 EP 5369 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 425VC UT WOS:000168311500108 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Alkire, NL de Queiroz, A Jones, A AF Hoberg, EP Alkire, NL de Queiroz, A Jones, A TI Out of Africa: origins of the Taenia tapeworms in humans SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Taenia tapeworms; human parasites; evolution; historical ecology ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MOLECULAR CLOCK; METABOLIC-RATE; EARLY HOMINID; GENUS HOMO; EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE; SEQUENCE; PLACEMENT; TIME AB Phylogenetic and divergence date analyses indicate that the occurrence of Taenia tapeworms in humans pre-dates the development of agriculture, animal husbandry and domestication of cattle (Bos spp.) or swine (Sus scrofa). Taeniid tapeworms in Africa twice independently colonized hominids and the genus Home prior to the origin of modern humans. Dietary!, and behavioural shifts, from herbivory to scavenging and carnivory, as early Home entered the carnivore guild in the Pliocene/Pleistocene, were drivers For host switching by tapeworms to hominids from carnivores including hyaenids and felids. Parasitological data provide a unique means of elucidating the historical ecology, foraging behaviour and food habits of hominids during the diversification of Home spp. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Epidemiol & Syst Lab, Biosyst Unit Parasite Biol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Epidemiol & Syst Lab, Biosyst Unit Parasite Biol, East 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ehoberg@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 45 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 6 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 22 PY 2001 VL 268 IS 1469 BP 781 EP 787 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 425ZX UT WOS:000168325500001 PM 11345321 ER PT J AU Li, H Hua, YP Snowder, G Crawford, TB AF Li, H Hua, YP Snowder, G Crawford, TB TI Levels of ovine herpesvirus 2 DNA in nasal secretions and blood of sheep: implications for transmission SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malignant catarrhal fever; ovine herpesvirus 2; transmission; epidemiology; sheep viruses; gammaherpesvirus ID MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS; INFECTION; RUMINANTS AB A recently developed competitive PCR for ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) was used to examine the levels of viral DNA in nasal secretions and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of lambs and adult sheep. Viral DNA first appeared in the PBL of most lambs after about 3 months of age and the levels remained relatively constant thereafter. In most of the lambs (83%, n = 12), viral DNA was undetectable by PCR in nasal secretions prior to 5 months of age. A dramatic rise of OvHV-2 DNA levels in the nasal secretions occurred starting at 5-6 months of age, which peaked at approximately 7 months. The highest level recorded in lamb nasal secretions was 7.5 x 10(8) copies/2 mug DNA which were 75,000-100,000-fold higher than the levels in PBL of the same lambs. In adult sheep (n = 10), the viral DNA levels in both PBL and nasal secretions were relatively stable over the 13-month period of the study, which included a lambing season. The data strongly suggest that neonatal lambs are not an important source for the transmission of OvHV-2 to clinically susceptible species, and that the nasal cavity is an important portal for shedding of infectious OvHV-2 in sheep, Furthermore, this study failed to identify a seasonal pattern in levels of viral DNA in nasal secretions or PBL of adult sheep that would provide a basis for the traditionally held belief that clinical cases of malignant catarrhal fever are significantly associated with lambing ewes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Crawford, TB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR 19 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00367-9 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 416UW UT WOS:000167799400002 PM 11267790 ER PT J AU Claycombe, KJ Meydani, SN AF Claycombe, KJ Meydani, SN TI Vitamin E and genome stability SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE Vitamin E; DNA damage; genome ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE; HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; NITRIC-OXIDE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS AB Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are generated continuously cause mutagenic alterations resulting in cancer, aging and abnormalities in the nervous system. Accumulating evidence indicates that Vitamin E, the most potent lipid peroxyl radical scavenger, may reduce free radical induced chromosomal damages through inhibition of free radical formation, and activation of endonuclease that can be triggered by intracellular oxidative stress, and by increasing the rate of removal of damaged DNA. Although some studies suggest a potential usefulness of Vitamin E in the prevention of mutagenic effects caused by genotoxic free radicals, other studies report no effects. Thus the data are not conclusive enough to be used as a basis to change the current recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Future research should address molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of Vitamin E and develop appropriate biologically relevant biomarkers of DNA damage to further help in determining the dietary levels of Vitamin E needed to protect the genetic pool from internally and esternally induced DNA damages. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. W lights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrit Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 65 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD APR 18 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(01)00077-X PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 425QT UT WOS:000168303400005 PM 11295152 ER PT J AU Qi, JF Wu, J Somkuti, GA Watson, JT AF Qi, JF Wu, J Somkuti, GA Watson, JT TI Determination of the disulfide structure of sillucin, a highly knotted, cysteine-rich peptide, by cyanylation/cleavage mass mapping SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPIDER SELENOCOSMIA-HUWENA; ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITOR; WHEAT KERNEL; GROWTH-FACTORS; ASSIGNMENT; PROTEINS; BRIDGES; BONDS; SPECTROMETRY; METHODOLOGY AB The disulfide structure of sillucin, a highly knotted, cysteine-rich, antimicrobial peptide, isolated from Rhizomucor pusillus, has been determined to be Cys2-Cys7, Cys12-Cys24, Cys13-Cys30, and Cys14-Cys21 by disulfide mass mapping based on partial reduction and CN-induced cleavage enabled by cyanylation. The denatured 30-residue peptide was subjected to partial reduction by tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride at pH 3 to produce a mixture of partially reduced sillucin species; the nascent sulfhydryl groups were immediately cyanylated by 1-cyano-4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium tetrafluoroborate. The cyanylated species, separated and collected during reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, were treated with aqueous ammonia, which cleaved the peptide chain on the N-terminal side of cyanylated cysteine residues. The CN-induced cleavage mixture was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry before and after complete reduction of residual disulfide bonds in partially reduced and cyanylated species to mass map the truncated peptides to the sequence. Because the masses of the CN-induced cleavage fragments of both singly and doubly reduced and cyanylated sillucin are related to the linkages of the disulfide bonds in the original molecule, the presence of certain truncated peptide(s) can be used to positively identify the linkage of a specific disulfide bond or exclude the presence of other possible linkages. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Watson, JT (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 17 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 15 BP 4531 EP 4538 DI 10.1021/bi002229x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 427CF UT WOS:000168386700001 PM 11294620 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, TJ Benassi, TE Takeda, F AF Tworkoski, TJ Benassi, TE Takeda, F TI The effect of nitrogen on stolon and ramet growth in four genotypes of Fragaria chiloensis L. SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria; foraging response ID CLONAL GROWTH; STRAWBERRY; INCREASES; REPENS; ROOT AB Plant foraging response is a process in which clonal plants proliferate in nutrient-rich sites by shortening stolen length and increasing ramet density. Conversely, stolen length increases and ramet density decreases in nutrient-poor sites. Four genotypes of strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.) were grown in a greenhouse for 10 weeks and treated with different concentrations of nitrogen. Genotypes differed in plant size, stolen and ramet production, and nitrogen distribution between parent and ramets, Genotype Q18 were the smallest plants with the greatest number of stolons and ramets, typical of the phalanx morphology. The other genotypes had fewer but longer stolons, typical of the guerrilla morphology. Number of stolons and ramet density increased with increased N more in Genotype Q18 than the other genotypes. Results indicate that vegetative growth changed in response to increasing N treatment of the parent plant by shortening the average stolen length, increasing the number of stolons, and increasing the number of ramets while maintaining total stolen length. Foraging response characteristics were observed in strawberry but varied among genotypes. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Hood Coll, Dept Biol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Tworkoski, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD APR 16 PY 2001 VL 88 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00198-9 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 409NB UT WOS:000167388800002 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ Augustin, JL McNamara, JR Seman, LJ Bourdet, KL Meydani, MM Holay, S AF Schaefer, EJ Augustin, JL McNamara, JR Seman, LJ Bourdet, KL Meydani, MM Holay, S TI Lipid lowering and weight reduction by home-delivered dietary modification in coronary heart disease patients taking statins SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAROTID-ARTERY STENOSIS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; RISK-FACTORS; CHOLESTEROL; INTERVENTION; MEN AB Whereas diet therapy remains a standard treatment for hypercholesterolemia either alone or in combination with drug treatment,(1-5) difficulties continue to exist with dietary compliance. In today's fast food environment where fewer meals are prepared in the home, a dietary intervention program where meals and snacks are home-delivered may have beneficial effects in increasing diet adherence, while providing continuing nutrition education. This study examines if such a dietary program would result in additional serum lipid reductions beyond the reductions achieved by concurrent drug treatment for hypercholesterolemia in heart disease patients. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. LifeSpring Nutr Inc, Richmond, CA USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL57477] NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1000 EP + DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01437-0 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 421AJ UT WOS:000168039700014 PM 11305994 ER PT J AU Takemoto, BK Bytnerowicz, A Fenn, ME AF Takemoto, BK Bytnerowicz, A Fenn, ME TI Current and future effects of ozone and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on California's mixed conifer forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution effects; ozone; N deposition; Ponderosa pine; mixed conifer forests ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; PONDEROSA PINE-SEEDLINGS; SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; DRY ACIDIC DEPOSITION; OXIDANT AIR-POLLUTION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; JEFFREY PINE; SIERRA-NEVADA; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SURROGATE SURFACES AB Mixed conifer forests in southern California are exposed to elevated levels of ozone (O(3)) and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Growing season 12-h daily average O(3) levels are 0.06-0.09 ppm, and N deposition rates are 5-45 kg N/ha per year. However, N deposition rates have high spatial variability due to the heterogeneous and open-patchy characteristics of these stands. Annual deposition fluxes are greatest to canopy-covered areas with high pollution exposure. The harmful effects of O(3) on sensitive pines are well documented, and selected areas in the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains have reached N-saturation as demonstrated by high nitrate (NO(3)(-)) export in streams, and a suite of plant and edaphic indicators. The adverse effects of O(3) culminate at the community level as a result of chronic effects on pine needle structure, retention, and physiology. Alterations in whole-tree biomass occur after several years due to higher carbon retention in the shoot for O(3) detoxification, and lower carbon allocation to roots. as a result of O(3) and N deposition. As a consequence, tree susceptibility to drought, windthrow, and root diseases could be exacerbated. Changes in forest community structure may occur due to the death of O(3)-sensitive pines and fire suppression and pine replacement by faster-growing, O(3)-tolerant cedar and fir species. The negative impact of atmospheric N deposition occurs at the ecosystem-level as an alteration of biogeochemical nutrient cycling. For trees growing on N-deficient soils, increased supplies of N could moderate harmful O(3) effects on growth for several decades. Over time, levels of soil N rise due to sustained inputs from the atmosphere, and the accelerated production and senescence of N-rich foliage by O(3), The increase in soil N is expected to favor the proliferation of nitrophilous overstory and understory species relative to pines. At this stage, N-limitation of forest productivity would be partially alleviated, and N emissions from soil and NO(3)(-) leaching losses elevated as a result of high soil N availability. In the western San Bernardino Mountains and in low-elevation chaparral watersheds in the San Gabriel Mountains, NO(3)(-) revels in streams are as high or higher than in any other undisturbed montane watersheds in North America, and NO(3)(-) contamination of domestic water supplies is of near-term concern. The effects of chronic O(3) exposure and N deposition are expected to become more prevalent in the southern Sierra Nevada as human populations and influences in adjacent areas increase in the coming years. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. Ah rights reserved. C1 Calif Air Resources Board, Div Res, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Takemoto, BK (reprint author), Calif Air Resources Board, Div Res, POB 2815, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. EM btakemot@arb.ca.gov RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 99 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 144 IS 1-3 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00368-6 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 419NT UT WOS:000167955700012 ER PT J AU Schwarz, PA Fahey, TJ Martin, CW Siccama, TG Bailey, A AF Schwarz, PA Fahey, TJ Martin, CW Siccama, TG Bailey, A TI Structure and composition of three northern hardwood-conifer forests with differing disturbance histories SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE northern hardwood forest; disturbance; size structure; species composition ID HUBBARD BROOK; HURRICANE DAMAGE; CANOPY STRUCTURE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, in northern New England, was logged heavily during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and was damaged by the 1938 hurricane. A single 13.2-ha watershed, W6, has been designated as the biogeochemical reference watershed for a long-term study of the effects of disturbance on ecosystem structure and function. In this paper, we compare the structure and composition of W6 with that of the larger Hubbard Brook Valley (HBEF) and with that of the Bowl, a nearby northern hardwood-conifer forest that has escaped intensive logging. The structure and composition of the W6 forest were different from those of the larger HBEF, but they were similar between the HBEF and the Bowl. The mean basal area of trees greater than or equal to2 cm DBH at the HBEF and the Bowl was 31.8 m(2)/ha, but only 28.2 m(2)/ha on W6. W6 had significantly more American beech and sugar maple and significantly less red spruce, balsam fir, and yellow birch than did the HBEF W6 had fewer trees greater than or equal to 10 cm DBH per hectare than the HBEF Differences in species composition between the HBEF and the Bowl were small. However, the HBEF had substantially fewer trees greater than or equal to 10 cm DBH than the Bowl, and significantly fewer trees in the 10-20 cm DBH size class. The HBEF, nevertheless, had significantly larger diameter trees overall (QMD=26.2 vs. 24.3 cm). The patterns of size structure among the three sites were consistent with a model of stand development by Oliver and Larson [Oliver, C.D., Larson, B.C., 1996. Forest Stand Dynamics, Update Edition. Wiley, New York, pp. 520] and suggest that in its entirety, the HBEF is a structurally diverse forest with individual stands in widely different stages of development. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Hubbard Brook Expt Forest, Campton, NH 03223 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06512 USA. RP Schwarz, PA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 144 IS 1-3 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00371-6 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 419NT UT WOS:000167955700016 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RG Joseph, G AF Kelsey, RG Joseph, G TI Attraction of Scolytus unispinosus bark beetles to ethanol in water-stressed Douglas-fir branches SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; host selection; primary attraction; kairomones; insect-plant interactions; ethanol; bark beetles; Scolytidae ID PINUS-PONDEROSA; HOST SELECTION; ROOT DISEASE; GNATHOTRICHUS-SULCATUS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; AMBROSIA BEETLES; WESTERN HEMLOCK; MOISTURE STRESS; ALPHA-PINENE; BLACK-STAIN AB Three similar-sized branches on each of seven Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) trees with a southern exposure were selected randomly to receive a water-stress, defoliation, or control treatment. All water-stressed branches were attacked by Scolytus unispinosus LeConte at 12-24 days after imposing the treatments, resulting in a significantly higher mean density of gallery holes (107 m(-2)) than in the defoliated or control branches, which were not attacked. Needles and woody tissues from stressed branches, sampled after being attacked, contained significantly higher ethanol concentrations (ranging from 2.91 to 15.26 mu mol g(-1) fresh weight) than tissue from defoliated or control branches (0.005-0.12 mu mol g(-1) fresh weight). Ethanol concentrations did not differ between defoliated and control branches. The water content in woody tissues and needles of stressed branches was 40.9 and 28.1% of the amount in control branches, respectively, when sampled for ethanol analysis. Woody tissues in defoliated branches remained moist, with 91.3% of the water in controls. Drying needles from water-stressed branches also lost 18.3-33.7% of their total monoterpenes compared to needles on the controls. The mechanism for ethanol synthesis in water-stressed branches appears to be distinctly different from that of logs overwintering on the forest floor. Ethanol synthesis in stressed branches probably was initiated by cytoplasmic acidification as a result of damage to cellular membranes from drying and heating. The ethanol that accumulated in needles and woody tissues of stressed branches functioned as a primary host attractant for S. unispinosus at our Willamette Valley, Oregon, site. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kelseyr@fsl.orst.edu NR 52 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 144 IS 1-3 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00387-X PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 419NT UT WOS:000167955700018 ER PT J AU Holtzapple, CK Buckley, SA Stanker, LH AF Holtzapple, CK Buckley, SA Stanker, LH TI Determination of fluoroquinolones in serum using an on-line clean-up column coupled to high-performance immunoaffinity-reversed-phase liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE fluoroquinolones ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 4 FLUOROQUINOLONES; ONLINE; CAPTURE; URINE; MILK; HPLC AB A simple, rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous analysis of the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and difloxacin in bovine serum has been developed. Upon injection of serum samples, an on-line protein G-linked column was employed to automatically remove serum components that otherwise would interfere with analyses. A high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography (HPIAC) column containing covalently bound anti-sarafloxacin antibodies was then used to capture the fluoroquinolones while allowing the remainder of the serum components to elute to waste. After binding to the HPIAC column, the fluoroquinolones were eluted directly onto a reversed-phase (RP) column for final separation of the compounds prior to fluorescence detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 280 and 444 nm, respectively. Due to use of a clean-up column in tandem with a highly selective HPIAC column, the only off-line sample preparation required was dilution (10-fold) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and passage of the samples through a 0.2-mum filter to remove particulate matter prior to injection. No significant interferences from the sample matrix were observed, indicating good selectivity with the HPIdAC column. The method yielded high recoveries from fortified bovine serum that were >95% for all four fluoroquinolones with good reproducibility (C.V. values <7.0%). The on-line, automated method described here provides a simple, sensitive and specific assay for multiresidue detection of fluoroquinolones in serum. <(c)> 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Holtzapple, CK (reprint author), SciWorks, 1805 Southwood Dr, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 754 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)00575-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 418PQ UT WOS:000167900900001 PM 11318402 ER PT J AU Sarwari, AR Magder, LS Levine, P McNamara, AM Knower, S Armstrong, GL Etzel, R Hollingsworth, J Morris, JG AF Sarwari, AR Magder, LS Levine, P McNamara, AM Knower, S Armstrong, GL Etzel, R Hollingsworth, J Morris, JG TI Serotype distribution of Salmonella isolates from food animals after slaughter differs from that of isolates found in humans SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BACTEREMIA AB If raw meat and poultry are the primary point of entry for Salmonella species into human populations, a correlation might be expected between the serotype distribution of Salmonella species isolated from animals at the time of slaughter and that of isolates found in humans. For 1990-1996, sufficient national data were available to permit such a comparison. A mathematical model was developed to predict serotype distributions of Salmonella isolates among humans on the basis of animal data. There was a significant mismatch between the serotype distributions among humans predicted by the model and those actually observed. This mismatch raises questions about the validity of the "standard" assumptions about Salmonella transmission on which the model was based-namely, that raw animal products are the primary source for human salmonellosis, that the risk of transmission to humans is equal for all food product categories, and that all Salmonella serotypes have an equal ability to cause human illness. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Morris, JG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Rm 934 MSTF,10 S Pine St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 15 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 8 BP 1295 EP 1299 DI 10.1086/319671 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414PE UT WOS:000167674600019 PM 11262216 ER PT J AU Jeon, HS Kim, S Han, CC AF Jeon, HS Kim, S Han, CC TI Phase separation induced by shear quenching in polymer blends with a diblock copolymer SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE phase separation; shear quench; block copolymer; PB; PS; blend; interfacial modification ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; LIGHT-SCATTERING; INDUCED HOMOGENIZATION; POLYOLEFIN BLENDS; BINARY-MIXTURES; KINETICS; INTERFACES; TIME; FLOW AB The effects of adding A-B diblock copolymer to a polymer blend (A/B) on phase-separation kinetics and morphology have been investigated in a fixed shallow-quench condition (DeltaT = 1.5 degreesC) by in situ time-resolved light scattering and phase-contrast optical microscopy. A shear-quench technique was used in this study instead of a conventional temperature-quench method. Mixtures of nearly monodisperse low relative-molecular masses of polybutadiene (M(w) = 2.8 kg/mol), polystyrene (M(w) = 2.6 kg/mol), and a near-symmetric butadiene-styrene diblock copolymer (M(w) = 6.3 kg/mol) as an interfacial modifier were studied. We observed that the addition of the diblock copolymer could either retard or accelerate the phase-separation kinetics depending on the concentration of the diblock copolymer in the homopolymer blends. In contrast to the conventional temperature quench, we observed complex phase-separation kinetics in the intermediate and late stages of phase separation by the shear-quench technique. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Han, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, A207-Bldg 224,Mail Stop 8544, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.han@nist.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 39 IS 8 BP 819 EP 830 DI 10.1002/polb.1056 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 412RP UT WOS:000167568400001 ER PT J AU Ott, SL Novak, PR AF Ott, SL Novak, PR TI Association of herd productivity and bulk-tank somatic cell counts in US dairy herds in 1996 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-MONITORING-SYSTEM; MILK-PRODUCTION; CLINICAL MASTITIS; ECONOMIC-LOSSES; COSTS; MICHIGAN; EPISODES; DISEASE; CATTLE AB Objective-To assess the association of bulk-tank somatic cell counts (BTSCC) and the value of herd productivity (milk produced, calves born, and net costs for cow replacements) in US dairy herds in 1996. Design-Randomized stratified national survey of dairy producers. Sample Population-Records from 1,219 dairy herds in the top 20 dairy states. Procedure-Responses for 1,178 herds had complete information for economic analysis. Per-cow value of production was determined for each herd. Data for herds with high (+/- 400,000 cells/ml) and medium (200,000 to 399,999 cells/ml) BTSCC were compared with values for herds with low BTSCC (< 200.000 cells/ml), using a multivariable regression model, Results-In 1996, milk was priced at $0.287/kg ($13/cwt). Herds with low BTSCC annually generated $103.90/cow more in herd productivity than herds with medium BTSCC and $292.39/cow more than herds with high BTSCC. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Increased BTSCC (> 200,000 cells/ml) were associated with a reduced value of productivity per cow. Thus, dairy producers have a financial incentive to seek out and implement cost-effective management practices that will enable them to decrease their BTSCC to < 200.000 cells/ml and maximize herd productivity. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Ott, SL (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, 555 S Howes St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 218 IS 8 BP 1325 EP + DI 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1325 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 421YP UT WOS:000168091400033 PM 11330622 ER PT J AU Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Cary, JW Pepperman, AB AF Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Cary, JW Pepperman, AB TI Chilling-sensitive, post-transcriptional regulation of a plant fatty acid desaturase expressed in yeast SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fatty acid desaturase; chilling; yeast; lipid; epitope tagging ID STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; MEMBRANE LIPID-COMPOSITION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TEMPERATURE; GENE; ENZYME; DELTA(9)-DESATURASE; DEGRADATION; ADAPTATION AB Plants respond to chilling exposure by increasing the relative proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their lipids. However, unlike the response in many other organisms, plant fatty acid desaturase genes are typically not upregulated during this process. We expressed the Brassica napus FADS gene, which encodes an enzyme for synthesis of linolenic acid, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and observed a temperature-dependent increase in linolenic acid production at cooler growth temperatures. Untransformed yeast cells, however, responded to cooler temperatures primarily by shortening fatty acid chains, even when polyunsaturated fatty acids were supplied in the growth media. Measurement of the steady-state levels of Fad3 protein in transformed yeast revealed an 8.5-fold increase in steady-state amount of desaturase enzyme when cells were cultivated at cooler temperatures. The increase was not due to changes in transcriptional activity, since Northern hybridization revealed no appreciable changes in abundance of FAD3 transcripts at cooler temperatures. Taken together, the results suggest that the increase in linolenic acid content in cells containing Fad3 was not due to enhanced physiological demand for polyunsaturated fatty acids by yeast, but rather a cold-inducible, post-transcriptional increase in steady-state amount of plant desaturase enzyme. Implications for plant adaptation to chilling are discussed. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 13 PY 2001 VL 282 IS 4 BP 1019 EP 1025 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4667 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 424XC UT WOS:000168258400027 PM 11352654 ER PT J AU Ferreira, AMT Suzart, S Vidotto, O Knowles, DP Vidotto, MC AF Ferreira, AMT Suzart, S Vidotto, O Knowles, DP Vidotto, MC TI Use of repetitive DNA elements to define genetic relationships among Anaplasma marginale isolates SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma marginate; genetic relationships; ERIC-PCR; REP-PCR ID MULTIGENE FAMILY; PCR; SEQUENCES; ELECTROPHORESIS; STRAINS; GENOMES; PROTEIN AB Anaplasma marginale genomic DNA was tested for the presence of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-like sequences in order to evaluate the genetic diversity of multiple A. marginale isolates. A. marginale isolates were obtained from cattle of six different states of Brazil. from the US and an Anaplasma centrale strain was obtained from Uruguay. Patterns obtained from A. marginale isolates varied from 14 to 17 Fragments by REP-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 6 to 14 fragments by ERIC-PCR. All A. marginale isolates presented a 0.75-kb fragment by REP and two common Fragments (0.38 and 1.0 kb) by ERIC-PCR. These two fragments were not detectable in A. centrale. Both methods produced similar patterns (80%) among A. marginale isolates obtained From the same region. although some isolates within regions shared less similarity. Isolates from Parana and Pernambuco, were differentiated by these methods. The study demonstrates the presence of ERIC and REP-like elements in A. marginale isolates and shows that A. marginale isolates and strains can be differentiated by these methods. (C) 2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Microbiol, BR-86051970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Vidotto, MC (reprint author), Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Microbiol, Campus Univ,Caixa Postal 6001, BR-86051970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2001 VL 197 IS 2 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 427GK UT WOS:000168396300002 PM 11313126 ER PT J AU Pio, R Martinez, A Unsworth, EJ Kowalak, JA Bengoechea, JA Zipfel, PF Elsasser, TH Cuttitta, F AF Pio, R Martinez, A Unsworth, EJ Kowalak, JA Bengoechea, JA Zipfel, PF Elsasser, TH Cuttitta, F TI Complement factor H is a serum-binding protein for adrenomedullin, and the resulting complex modulates the bioactivities of both partners SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR; IMMUNOREACTIVE ADRENOMEDULLIN; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATION; HYPOTENSIVE PEPTIDE; FACTOR-I; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE AB Adrenomedullin (AM) is an important regulatory peptide involved in both physiological and pathological states. We have previously demonstrated the existence of a specific AM-binding protein (AMBP-1) in human plasma. In the present study, we developed a nonradioactive ligand blotting assay, which, together with high pressure liquid chromatography/SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis purification techniques, allowed us to isolate AMBP-1 to homogeneity. The purified protein was identified as human complement factor H. We show that AM/factor H interaction interferes with the established methodology for quantification of circulating AM. Our data suggest that this routine procedure does not take into account the AM bound to its binding protein. In addition, we show that factor H affects AM in vitro functions. It enhances AM-mediated induction of cAMP in fibroblasts, augments the AM-mediated growth of a cancer cell line, and suppresses the bactericidal capability of AM on Escherichia coli. Reciprocally, AM influences the complement regulatory function of factor H by enhancing the cleavage of C3b via factor I. In summary, we report on a potentially new regulatory mechanism of AM biology, the influence of factor H on radioimmunoassay quantification of AM, and the possible involvement of AM as a regulator of the complement cascade. C1 NCI, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Lab Neurotoxicol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Turku, Dept Med Biochem, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Hans Knoell Inst Nat Prod Res, Dept Infect Biol, D-07745 Jena, Germany. ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pio, R (reprint author), NCI, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, NIH, Bldg 10 Rm 13N262, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Martinez, Alfredo/A-3077-2013; OI Martinez, Alfredo/0000-0003-4882-4044; Bengoechea, Jose/0000-0002-9677-8751 NR 56 TC 166 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 13 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 15 BP 12292 EP 12300 DI 10.1074/jbc.M007822200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 421UK UT WOS:000168081800114 PM 11116141 ER PT J AU Abidi, SL Rennick, KA AF Abidi, SL Rennick, KA TI Capillary electrochromatographic evaluation of vitamin E-active oil constituents: tocopherols and tocotrienols SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques (HPLC 2000) CY JUN 24-30, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE mobile phase composition; vitamins; tocopherols; tocotrienols ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REVERSED-PHASE; STATIONARY PHASES; SEPARATION; ISOMERS; ANTIOXIDANTS AB Separations of lipid antioxidants, tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T-3), on octylsilica (OS), octadecylsilica (ODS), phenylsilica, or silica were studied by capillary electrochromatography (CEC)-UV detection. The homologues and isomers of the vitamin E-active compounds were best separated with an OS column. CEC with an ODS column tended to yield broad peaks with poor resolution. Among the various mobile phases evaluated, [acetonitrile-methanol (64:36)]-[25 mM tris(hydroxymethy)aminomethane, pH 8] (95:5) eluent systems produced the most satisfactory results. Under these conditions, a baseline separation of an 11-component mixture was obtained with elution order similar to that observed in reversed-phase HPLC: deltaT(3)>(gamma + beta )T-3>alphaT(3)>epsilonT>(delta+zeta (2))T>(gamma+beta )T>alphaT>alphaT-acetate. CEC of the antioxidant acetates led to separations inferior to those of the parent compounds. Effects of CEC experimental variables (e.g., mobile phase solvents and buffers, stationary phases and electric field) on analyte separations were assessed in the context of resolution factors and retention factors. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Abidi, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 13 PY 2001 VL 913 IS 1-2 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)01068-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 423BT UT WOS:000168156100039 PM 11355836 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Kim, JW Breidt, F Fleming, HP AF Yoon, SS Kim, JW Breidt, F Fleming, HP TI Characterization of a lytic Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage and molecular cloning of a lysin gene in Escherichia coli SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lactobacillus plantarum; bacteriophage; cloning; heterologous expression; lysin ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; TEMPERATE BACTERIOPHAGES; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; ENCODING GENE; DNA HOMOLOGY; EXPRESSION; BULGARICUS; VIRULENT; LOCATION AB Bacteriophage SC921, which can infect Lactobacillus plantarum specifically, was isolated from a fermented vegetable source, Kimchi. This phage is active against six of II strains of L. plantarum tested as hosts. Morphologically, it has an isometric head (60 nm in diameter) and a non-contractile tail (260 nm long and 9-11 nm wide), indicating that it belongs to Bradley's group B or the Siphovirodae family according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The bouyant density was 1.58 g/cm(3). SDS-PAGE experimentation indicated that the phage particle contains two major structural proteins and several minor proteins. The genome was a double stranded linear DNA molecule with cohesive ends and 66.5 kb long by mapping genomic DNA digested with the restriction endonucleases: KpnI, SmaI, and XbaI. The [G + C] content of the phage DNA is 39.4%. For this lysin gene study, 9.4 kb of KpnI-digested DNA fragment was cloned into pUC19 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The KpnI fragment was considered as the genetic element responsible for the lysis gene of L. plantarum bacteriophage. The cloned fragment in pUC19 was hybridized to a 9.4-kb fragment generated by KpnI digestion of SC 921 as a probe. This confirmed that the fragment in pUC19 originated from phage DNA. The lysin gene was near the middle of the phage genome. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science R.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yonsei Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol Resources & Technol, Wonju 220710, Kangwon Do, South Korea. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol Resources & Technol, Wonju 220710, Kangwon Do, South Korea. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 11 PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00498-0 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 421JW UT WOS:000168062100008 PM 11322702 ER PT J AU Hall, JS French, R Hein, GL Morris, TJ Stenger, DC AF Hall, JS French, R Hein, GL Morris, TJ Stenger, DC TI Three distinct mechanisms facilitate genetic isolation of sympatric wheat streak mosaic virus lineages SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; TRANSMISSION; PROTEIN; RYMOVIRUS AB Cross-protection and vector transmission bottlenecks have been proposed as mechanisms facilitating genetic isolation of sympatric viral lineages. Molecular markers were used to monitor establishment and resolution of mixed infections with genetically defined strains of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Two closely related WSMV strains from the U.S. (Type and Sidney 81) exhibited reciprocal cross-protection in wheat, confirming this classic phenomenon as a mechanism of genetic isolation. In contrast, cross-protection between either U.S. strain and the divergent El Batan 3 strain from Mexico was unilateral, erratic, and only partially effective. Distribution of WSMV strains within individual leaves of plants supporting a mixed infection of Type and Sidney 81 was spatially nonuniform. Strain distribution among individual tillers of coinfected plants also was heterogeneous, with some containing either Type or Sidney 81 alone and some containing both. Transmission by wheat curl mites, acquiring virus from source plants simultaneously infected with both Type and Sidney 81, often resulted in test plants bearing only a single WSMV strain. Spatial subdivision of virus strains within coinfected plants likely contributed to vector transmission bottlenecks during acquisition. Collectively, these three distinct mechanisms enhance genetic isolation of individual viral lineages, and together with stochastic processes, may explain generation and maintenance of genetic diversity in field populations. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, Scottsbluff, NE USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 NR 30 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 10 PY 2001 VL 282 IS 2 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.0841 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 424XW UT WOS:000168260100003 PM 11289805 ER PT J AU Hammond, RW Ramirez, P AF Hammond, RW Ramirez, P TI Molecular characterization of the genome of Maize rayado fino virus, the type member of the genus Marafivirus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS; STRAND RNA VIRUSES; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; 2 CAPSID PROTEINS; READTHROUGH PROTEIN; APHID TRANSMISSION; MOVEMENT PROTEINS; VIRAL-PROTEINS; PLANT-VIRUSES; LATIN-AMERICA AB The complete nucleotide sequence of the single-stranded RNA genome of Maize rayado fine virus (MRFV), the type member of the genus Marafivirus, is 6305 nucleotides (nts) in length and contains two putative open reading frames (ORFs). The largest ORF (nt 97-6180) encodes a polyprotein of 224 kDa with sequence similarities at its N-terminus to the replication-associated proteins of other viruses with positive-strand RNA genomes and to the papainlike protease domain found in tymoviruses. The C-terminus of the 224-kDa ORF also encodes the MRFV capsid protein. A smaller, overlapping ORF (nt 302-1561) encodes a putative protein of 43 kDa with unknown function but with limited sequence similarities to putative movement proteins of tymoviruses. The nucleotide sequence and proposed genome expression strategy of MRFV is most closely related to that of oat blue dwarf virus (OBDV). unlike OBDV, MRFV RNA does not appear to contain a poly(A) tail, and it encodes a putative second overlapping open reading frame. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Res Lab, Room 252,Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 57 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 10 PY 2001 VL 282 IS 2 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.0859 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 424XW UT WOS:000168260100014 PM 11289816 ER PT J AU Dyer, JM Mullen, RT AF Dyer, JM Mullen, RT TI Immunocytological localization of two plant fatty acid desaturases in the endoplasmic reticulum SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fatty acid desaturase; endoplasmic reticulum; subcellular localization; immunofluorescence microscopy ID STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GENE; CLONING; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEINS; ENCODES; ENZYME AB The subcellular location of two integral membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases (Fads), Fad2 and Fad3, was elucidated by immunofluorescence microscopic analyses of tobacco suspension cells transiently transformed with different epitope-tagged versions of the enzymes. Both myc- or hemagglutinin-tagged Fad2 and Fad3 localized to the same region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as evidenced by their co-localization with the ER lumenal protein calreticulin, Results from differential permeabilization experiments revealed that the N-termini of both epitope-tagged Fad2 and Fad3 were exposed on the cytosolic side of ER membranes, These data define the subcellular location and topological orientation of plant desaturases in ER membranes. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Bot, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 18 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2001 VL 494 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02315-8 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 421LG UT WOS:000168065400010 PM 11297732 ER PT J AU Wilson, JD Flesch, TK Harper, LA AF Wilson, JD Flesch, TK Harper, LA TI Micro-meteorological methods for estimating surface exchange with a disturbed windflow SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE micro-meteorological methods; disturbed windflow; local advection; gas exchange; trace gas fluxes; windflow flux-gradient method; inverse lagrangian method; atmospheric diffusion; atmospheric dispersion ID LAGRANGIAN STOCHASTIC-MODELS; PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENCE; DISPERSION; ATMOSPHERE; FLOWS AB This paper examines the accuracy with which trace gas fluxes, from a source that disturbs the local wind and microclimate, may be estimated from measured concentrations, above or downwind from the source. The familiar flux-gradient methods, even if carefully applied within the near-surface constant flux-layer, nevertheless posit horizontally-uniform wind and stability. Errors result if the windflow is actually advective (i.e. disturbed), so that its state is evolving in the alongwind direction. We take as an illustration the case of a gas evaporating uniformly (Q, kg m(-2) s(-1)) from a small lagoon. We modify the Rao-Wyngaard-Cote local advection model, verify it against existing observations of disturbed flows, then calculate the fields of windspeed, temperature and tracer concentration over land and lake. From these "data" we calculate several estimates of the (known) source strength Q. Results by integration of the horizontal flux (Q(IHF)) prove the most satisfactory, followed by those using a source-receptor relationship based on a backward Lagrangian stochastic method (Q(bLS)). Flux-gradient estimates Q(FG) can be very seriously in error, and should only be used with caution in disturbed flow. These findings have generality beyond the specific case of a lagoon flow. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. USDA, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Wilson, JD (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. NR 38 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 2 PY 2001 VL 107 IS 3 BP 207 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00238-0 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 411RZ UT WOS:000167514200004 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ AF Massman, WJ TI Reply to comment by Rannik on "A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems" SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 9 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 2 PY 2001 VL 107 IS 3 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00237-9 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 411RZ UT WOS:000167514200007 ER PT J AU Lee, TX Metzger, SU Cho, YS Whitmarsh, J Kallas, T AF Lee, TX Metzger, SU Cho, YS Whitmarsh, J Kallas, T TI Modification of inhibitor binding sites in the cytochrome bf complex by directed mutagenesis of cytochrome b(6) in Synechococcus sp PCC 7002 SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; cytochrome bf complex; quinol-oxidation; inhibitor site; directed mutagenesis; cyanobacteria ID IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; CHLOROPLAST RIESKE PROTEIN; BC(1) COMPLEX; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DOMAIN MOVEMENT; UBIHYDROQUINONE OXIDATION; RESPIRATORY-CHAIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; QUINOL OXIDATION AB The cytochrome bf complex, which links electron transfer from photosystem II to photosystem I in oxygenic photosynthesis, has not been amenable to site-directed mutagenesis in cyanobacteria. Using the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, we have successfully modified the cytochrome b(6) subunit of the cytochrome bf complex. Single amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b(6) at the positions D148, A154, and S159 revealed altered binding of the quinol-oxidation inhibitors 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB), myxothiazol, and stigmatellin. Cytochrome bf and mitochondrial-type cytochrome bc(1) complexes are closely related in structure and function but exhibit quite different inhibitor specificities. Cytochrome bf complexes are insensitive to myxothiazol and sensitive to DBMIB, whereas cytochrome bc(1) complexes are sensitive to myxothiazol and relatively insensitive to DBMIB. Measurements of flash-induced and steady-state electron transfer rates through the cytochrome bf complex revealed increased resistance to DBMIB in the mutants A154G and S159A, increased resistance to stigmatellin in A154G, and created sensitivity to myxothiazol in the mutant D148G. Therefore these mutations made the cytochrome bf complex more like the cytochrome bc(1) complex. This work demonstrates that cyanobacteria can be used as effective models to investigate structure-function relationships in the cytochrome bf complex. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. ARS, Ctr Biophys & Computat Biol, Dept Biochem, Photosynth Res Unit,USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Biophys & Computat Biol, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kallas, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. OI Metzger-Groom, Sabine/0000-0003-3783-2436 NR 57 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD APR 2 PY 2001 VL 1504 IS 2-3 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0005-2728(00)00253-X PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 412TM UT WOS:000167570500006 PM 11245788 ER PT J AU Pillai, SR Jayarao, BM Gummo, JD Hue, EC Tiwari, D Stabel, JR Whitlock, RH AF Pillai, SR Jayarao, BM Gummo, JD Hue, EC Tiwari, D Stabel, JR Whitlock, RH TI Identification and sub-typing of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp avium by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Mycobacterium avium; RAPD; identification; sub-typing ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CROHNS-DISEASE; RAPID DISCRIMINATION; JOHNES-DISEASE; STRAINS; IS900; COMPLEX AB A commercially available kit consisting of twenty 10-mer random primers was evaluated to allow selection of a suitable primer that would permit identification and sub-typing of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A primer OPE-20 (5 ' -AAC-GGT-GAC-C-3 ') was identified to be the most suitable primer when tested with four ATCC reference strains of M. paratuberculosis and eight well characterized field strains each of M, paratuberculosis and M. avium. Primer OPE-20 was further tested for its ability to identify and subtype 200 field isolates of M. paratuberculosis. The fingerprint patterns of M. paratuberculosis (n = 212) consisted of live unique common fragments (620, 450, 310, 230, 180 bp) and nine variable fragments resulting in six distinct genotypes. The DNA fingerprints of M. avium (n = 8) consisted of a single common fragment of 620 bp, and 15 variable fragments resulting in six different genotypes. The cattle, human and goat isolates of M. paratuberculosis were genetically similar, but a sheep isolate had a different RAPD profile as compared to RAPD profiles from other species. RAPD was observed to be a rapid, reproducible andreliable technique for identification and sub-typing of M. paratuberculosis. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Bur Anim Hlth & Diagnost Serv, Dept Agr, Penn Vet Diagnost Lab, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA. RP Jayarao, BM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR 2 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00358-8 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 412DB UT WOS:000167537800007 PM 11240105 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP AF Agarwal, UP TI On the presence of hydroquinone and P-quinone units in native lignin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM uagarwal@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 17-CELL BP U177 EP U177 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700859 ER PT J AU Anderson, GL Prosser, CW Root, R Kokaly, R Hager, S Foster, B AF Anderson, GL Prosser, CW Root, R Kokaly, R Hager, S Foster, B TI A five year comparison of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) populations using remote sensing and geographic information systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM ganderson@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 35-AGRO BP U51 EP U51 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700173 ER PT J AU Anderson, GL Peleg, K AF Anderson, GL Peleg, K TI FFT analytical methods for comparing images in remote sensing. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sydney, MT 59270 USA. EM ganderson@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 22-AGRO BP U48 EP U48 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700160 ER PT J AU Atalla, RH AF Atalla, RH TI Hierarchical structure of plant cell walls: An exploration of the relationship between biogenesis and structure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rhatalla@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 84-CELL BP U187 EP U187 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700925 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ AF Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ TI Estimation of polar and dispersive surface energy parameters of polycaprolactone using the imbedded fiber retraction method. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 168-POLY BP U318 EP U318 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824801889 ER PT J AU Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE AF Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE TI Phosphorylation of cellulosic materials with some phosphonic acid derivatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 23-CELL BP U178 EP U178 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700865 ER PT J AU Brandon, DL Bates, AH Mandrell, RE AF Brandon, DL Bates, AH Mandrell, RE TI Immunochemical studies of Campylobacter jejuni associated with food surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety & Hlth Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dbrandon@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 109-AGRO BP U63 EP U63 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700247 ER PT J AU Cao, X Gordon, SH Willett, JL Sessa, DJ AF Cao, X Gordon, SH Willett, JL Sessa, DJ TI Polymer distribution patterns in starch/polylactic acid/poly(hydroxy ester ether) blends by phase modulation photoacoustic spectroscopy. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. USDA ARS, NCAUR, PPL, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 169-POLY BP U318 EP U318 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824801890 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA AF Clausen, CA TI Detecting decay by immunodiagnosis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM clausen@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 113-CELL BP U191 EP U191 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700954 ER PT J AU Conrad, JL AF Conrad, JL TI Funding opportunities for biobased products research at USDA. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initiat Competit Grants Program, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jconrad@reeusda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 75-BIOT BP U119 EP U120 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700552 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Batiste, SL Yager, DR Diegelmann, RF Cohen, IK AF Edwards, JV Batiste, SL Yager, DR Diegelmann, RF Cohen, IK TI Design and preparation of model cellulose conjugates with enzyme activity in cotton gauze. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Wound Healing Inst, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM vedwards@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 7-CELL BP U175 EP U176 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700849 ER PT J AU Ellis, DJ Kim, A Sandler, H Darga, JE Keeney, D Bewick, TA AF Ellis, DJ Kim, A Sandler, H Darga, JE Keeney, D Bewick, TA TI Analysis of chloroplast DNA to distinguish intraspecific populations of the cranberry parasite, Cuscuta gronovii. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Cranberry Expt Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USDA, CREES, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 71-AGFD BP U30 EP U30 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700068 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Davis, RM AF Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Davis, RM TI Using aircraft remote sensing and spatial information technologies for pest management. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resource Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 38-AGRO BP U51 EP U51 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700176 ER PT J AU Gan, JY Wang, QQ Papiernik, SK Yates, SR AF Gan, JY Wang, QQ Papiernik, SK Yates, SR TI Inhibition of adsorption on chemical transformation of pesticides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 92-AGRO BP U60 EP U61 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700230 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Bailey, DG Cardamone, JM DiMaio, GL AF Gehring, AG Bailey, DG Cardamone, JM DiMaio, GL TI Replacement of formic and sulfuric acids by urea sulfate in the processing of bovine hides into leather. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hides Lipids & Wool Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM agehring@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 68-AGFD BP U30 EP U30 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700065 ER PT J AU Green, F AF Green, F TI Targeted wood preservatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM fgreen@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 125-CELL BP U193 EP U193 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700966 ER PT J AU Grigoriev, VA Weinstock, IA Hill, CL AF Grigoriev, VA Weinstock, IA Hill, CL TI Role of ion pairing in the thermodynamics and kinetics of polyoxometalate redox reactions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM vgrigor@emory.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 210-INOR BP U670 EP U670 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824704242 ER PT J AU Haddon, WF Schatzki, TF AF Haddon, WF Schatzki, TF TI Rapid, non-destructive selection of high aflatoxin peanuts by tandem mass spectrometry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM haddon@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 107-ENVR BP U461 EP U461 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703124 ER PT J AU Hardin, IR Akin, DE Wilson, S Kim, J AF Hardin, IR Akin, DE Wilson, S Kim, J TI Effect of enzyme treatments on cotton wax distribution. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. EM ihardin@fcs.uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 21-CELL BP U177 EP U178 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700863 ER PT J AU Hemingway, RW AF Hemingway, RW TI Reactions of polyflavanoids: A review. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71460 USA. EM rwhem@attglobal.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 14-CELL BP U176 EP U177 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700856 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AT Savary, BJ White, AK Rockwell, PL Chau, HK Coffin, DR Fishman, ML AF Hotchkiss, AT Savary, BJ White, AK Rockwell, PL Chau, HK Coffin, DR Fishman, ML TI Commercial potential of enzymatically-modified pectin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ahotchkiss@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 119-CELL BP U192 EP U192 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700960 ER PT J AU Illman, B AF Illman, B TI Synchrotron methods for detecting decay. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, FS, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM billman@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 116-CELL BP U192 EP U192 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700957 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW Kenealy, WR AF Jeffries, TW Kenealy, WR TI Novel enzymes for pulp and paper processing. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Micr Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 91-CELL BP U188 EP U188 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700932 ER PT J AU Jin, YS Jeffries, TW AF Jin, YS Jeffries, TW TI In silico analysis of xylose metabolism in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Micr Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM yjin@students.wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 191-BIOT BP U139 EP U139 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700665 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Britton, WM Primus, TM Goodall, MJ Furcolow, CA Buttgenbach, TL MacDonald, A AF Johnston, JJ Britton, WM Primus, TM Goodall, MJ Furcolow, CA Buttgenbach, TL MacDonald, A TI Evaluation of nicarbazin as a contraceptive for management of pest waterfowl. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM john.j.johnston@usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 65-AGRO BP U56 EP U56 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700203 ER PT J AU King, JW Taylor, SL Eller, FJ AF King, JW Taylor, SL Eller, FJ TI Rapid assessment of supercritical and near-critical technology for process and analytical applications in agricultural and food science. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 101-AGFD BP U35 EP U35 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700098 ER PT J AU King, JW Taylor, SL AF King, JW Taylor, SL TI Sorbent selection for process supercritical fluid chromatography using combinatorial methodology. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kingjw@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 300-IEC BP U613 EP U613 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703913 ER PT J AU Kokaly, R Root, R Brown, K Anderson, GL Hager, S AF Kokaly, R Root, R Brown, K Anderson, GL Hager, S TI Calibration of Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) data to surface reflectance at Theodore Roosevelt National Park. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Spect Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Biol Informat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rkokaly@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 39-AGRO BP U51 EP U52 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700177 ER PT J AU Kokaly, R Root, R Brown, K Hager, S Anderson, GL AF Kokaly, R Root, R Brown, K Hager, S Anderson, GL TI Discriminating leafy spurge spectral signature from native vegetation using field reflectance measurments from Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Spect Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rkokaly@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 37-AGRO BP U51 EP U51 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700175 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Compton, DL AF Laszlo, JA Compton, DL TI Chymotrypsin-catalyzed transesterification in ionic liquids and ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM laszioja@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 349-IEC BP U621 EP U621 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703957 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Grohmann, K AF Manthey, JA Grohmann, K TI Distributions of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates in orange fruit. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, SAA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jmanthey@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 67-AGFD BP U29 EP U30 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700064 ER PT J AU Marchessault, RH Nobes, GAR Jurasek, L AF Marchessault, RH Nobes, GAR Jurasek, L TI In vitro formation of PHB granules: Experimental results and modeling predictions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. USDA ARS, WRRC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. McGill Univ, Pulp & Paper Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM ch21@musica.mcgill.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 82-CELL BP U187 EP U187 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700923 ER PT J AU Marshall, WE Chatters, AZ Wartelle, LH McAloon, AJ AF Marshall, WE Chatters, AZ Wartelle, LH McAloon, AJ TI Citric acid-modified soybean hulls: Process optimization and estimated cost of production. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Xavier Univ Louisiana, Dept Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. USDA ARS, Engn Sci Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM marshall@nola.srrc.usda.gov; wartelle@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 249-ENVR BP U484 EP U485 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703266 ER PT J AU Martens, DA Suarez, DL AF Martens, DA Suarez, DL TI Soil methylation-demethylation pathways for metabolism of plant-derived selenoamino acids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Salin Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM martens@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 28-ENVR BP U449 EP U449 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703047 ER PT J AU McConnell, LL Kim, HN Nochetto, C Prueger, J AF McConnell, LL Kim, HN Nochetto, C Prueger, J TI Determination of metolachlor volatile flux from soil using solid phase microextraction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM mcconnel@ba.ars.usda.gov RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 239-ENVR BP U483 EP U483 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703256 ER PT J AU McGraw, GW Herlihy, TE Krauss, KA Volante, T Hemingway, RW AF McGraw, GW Herlihy, TE Krauss, KA Volante, T Hemingway, RW TI SuperReTan: Maximizing water quality and use of vegetable tannins in leather manufacture. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Louisiana Coll, Dept Chem, Pineville, LA 71359 USA. Gannett Fleming Inc, Harrisburg, PA USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM mcgraw@lacollege.edu; rwhem@attglobal.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 73-CELL BP U185 EP U186 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700914 ER PT J AU Nalley, EA Pavlath, AE AF Nalley, EA Pavlath, AE TI DPR Henry Hill award: A tribute to Henry Hill. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cameron Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 2-PROF BP U451 EP U451 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824802732 ER PT J AU Nobes, GAR Orts, WJ Glenn, GM AF Nobes, GAR Orts, WJ Glenn, GM TI Starch-fiber adhesion in baked starch-based foam composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM nobes@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 39-CELL BP U180 EP U180 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700881 ER PT J AU Ozkan, HE Fox, RD AF Ozkan, HE Fox, RD TI Recommendations to avoid inefficient mixing of agrochemicals in sprayer tanks. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Food Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ozkan.2@osu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 88-AGRO BP U60 EP U60 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700226 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Gan, JY Yates, SR Brown, GE AF Papiernik, SK Gan, JY Yates, SR Brown, GE TI Environmental fate of propargyl bromide, a potential alternative to methyl bromide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM spapiernik@urssl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 46-AGRO BP U52 EP U53 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700184 ER PT J AU Rials, TG Wolcott, MP AF Rials, TG Wolcott, MP TI Structure and properties of wood/polyolefin composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM trials@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 78-CELL BP U186 EP U186 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700919 ER PT J AU Rials, TG Groom, LH Tze, W Gardner, DJ Snell, R AF Rials, TG Groom, LH Tze, W Gardner, DJ Snell, R TI Effect of refining on the surface characteristics of loblolly pine fibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, BioComposites Ctr, Cardiff CF1 3NS, S Glam, Wales. EM trials@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 49-CELL BP U182 EP U182 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700891 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Rheinstein, JE Loyo-Rosales, JE Hoffman, BJ Datta, S AF Rice, CP Rheinstein, JE Loyo-Rosales, JE Hoffman, BJ Datta, S TI Method for identification and quantification of octylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates in fish tissue. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 217-ENVR BP U479 EP U479 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703234 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Hapeman, CJ McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM Isensee, AR Heighton, LP Harman-Fetcho, JA Wauchope, RD AF Rice, PJ Hapeman, CJ McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM Isensee, AR Heighton, LP Harman-Fetcho, JA Wauchope, RD TI Measuring and modeling the transport of pesticides and soil in runoff from fresh-market vegetable production. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM price@soils.umn.edu RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 9-AGRO BP U46 EP U46 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700147 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Wong, DWS AF Robertson, GH Wong, DWS TI Agricultural needs and combinatorial tools. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94526 USA. USDA, Albany, CA 94526 USA. EM grobertson@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 84-AGFD BP U32 EP U32 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700081 ER PT J AU Root, R Kokaly, R Brown, K Anderson, GL AF Root, R Kokaly, R Brown, K Anderson, GL TI Future directions in remote sensing for detection of invasive plants. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Biol Informat, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Spect Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ralph_root@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 36-AGRO BP U51 EP U51 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700174 ER PT J AU Root, R Kokaly, R Brown, K Anderson, GL Hager, S AF Root, R Kokaly, R Brown, K Anderson, GL Hager, S TI Detection of leafy spurge infestations via imaging spectroscopy using the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager(CASI). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Biol Informat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Spect Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ralph_root@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 23-AGRO BP U48 EP U49 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700161 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Niemczura, WP Maskos, K Vigo, TL Bertoniere, NR AF Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Niemczura, WP Maskos, K Vigo, TL Bertoniere, NR TI Synthesis and physical and NMR characteristics of di- and tri-substituted cellulose ethers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 398-POLY BP U354 EP U354 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824802119 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, ND Maskos, K Niemczura, WP Vigo, TL Bertoniere, NR AF Sachinvala, ND Maskos, K Niemczura, WP Vigo, TL Bertoniere, NR TI Review of 2-dimensional NMR techniques and results with cellulose ethers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM nozar@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 41-CELL BP U181 EP U181 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700883 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC TI Enzymes in corn fiber saccharification. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 120-CELL BP U192 EP U193 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700961 ER PT J AU Seiber, JN Woodrow, JE AF Seiber, JN Woodrow, JE TI Distribution of some organic contaminants in selected western USA atmospheric and surface waters. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Nevada, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 42-AGRO BP U52 EP U52 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700180 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Smith, DJ AF Shelver, WL Smith, DJ TI Application of an immunoaffinity column as a sample cleanup method for the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine and its metabolites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shelverw@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 85-AGRO BP U59 EP U59 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700223 ER PT J AU Shortle, WC Connolly, JH Filley, TR Jellison, J AF Shortle, WC Connolly, JH Filley, TR Jellison, J TI Role of fungi in nutrient cycling in forests. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wshortle@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 11-GEOC BP U516 EP U516 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703425 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM Fouss, JL Willrich, MM Boethel, DJ AF Southwick, LM Fouss, JL Willrich, MM Boethel, DJ TI Persistence of diflubenzuron on soybean leaves. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lsouthwick@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 69-AGRO BP U56 EP U56 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700207 ER PT J AU Steinheimer, TR Pfeiffer, RL Scoggin, KD AF Steinheimer, TR Pfeiffer, RL Scoggin, KD TI Characterization of organic constituents extracted from particulate material collected at commercial livestock operations in Iowa: Applications of LC/MS techniques. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steinheimer@nstl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 117-AGRO BP U64 EP U65 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700255 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Brown, EM AF Taylor, MM Brown, EM TI Transglutaminase crosslinking of gelatins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Hides Lipids & Wool Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtaylor@arserrc.gov; ebrown@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 186-BIOT BP U138 EP U138 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700660 ER PT J AU Tibbot, BK Wong, DWS Robertson, GH AF Tibbot, BK Wong, DWS Robertson, GH TI A functional raw starch-binding domain of barley alpha-amylase expressed in E-coli. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bkt@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 52-AGFD BP U27 EP U27 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700050 ER PT J AU Vigo, TL D'Anna, GF Parikh, DV AF Vigo, TL D'Anna, GF Parikh, DV TI Improved durability of peroxide-based antibacterial agents on cotton/polyester and polyester fabrics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM tvigo@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 26-CELL BP U178 EP U178 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700868 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Tibbot, BK Robertson, GH AF Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Tibbot, BK Robertson, GH TI Improvement of barley alpha-amylase by directed evolution. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dwsw@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 103-AGFD BP U35 EP U35 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700100 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Gan, J AF Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Gan, J TI Predicting pesticide volatilization from bare soil surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 93-AGRO BP U61 EP U61 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700231 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, WH Friedman, M AF Yokoyama, WH Friedman, M TI Whole freeze-dried tomatoes lower total and LDL plasma cholesterol in hamsters. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 119-AGFD BP U38 EP U38 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700116 ER PT J AU Ayars, JE Schoneman, RA Dale, F Meso, B Shouse, P AF Ayars, JE Schoneman, RA Dale, F Meso, B Shouse, P TI Managing subsurface drip irrigation in the presence of shallow ground water SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE drip irrigation; subsurface drip irrigation; shallow ground water; cotton; tomato; irrigation scheduling AB A 3-year project compared the operation of a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and a furrow irrigation system in the presence of shallow saline ground water. We evaluated five types of drip irrigation tubing installed at a depth of 0.4 m with lateral spacings of 1.6 and 2 m on 2.4 ha plots of both cotton and tomato. Approximately 40% of the cotton water requirement and 10% of the tomato water requirement were obtained from shallow (<2 m) saline (5 dS/m) ground water. Yields of the drip-irrigated cotton improved during the 3-year study, while that of the furrow-irrigated cotton remained constant, Tomato yields were greater under drip than under furrow in both the years in which tomatoes were grown. Salt accumulation in the soil profile was managed through rainfall and pre-plant irrigation. Both drip tape and hard hose drip tubing are suitable for use in our subsurface drip system. Maximum shallow ground water use for cotton was obtained when the crop was irrigated only after a leaf water potential (LWP) of -1.4 MPa was reached. Drip irrigation was controlled automatically with a maximum application frequency of twice daily. Furrow irrigation was controlled by the calendar. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD APR PY 2001 VL 47 IS 3 BP 243 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00106-2 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 414CC UT WOS:000167647500005 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Rodgers, JH Smith, S Cooper, CM AF Moore, MT Rodgers, JH Smith, S Cooper, CM TI Mitigation of metolachlor-associated agricultural runoff using constructed wetlands in Mississippi, USA SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE metolachlor; constructed wetlands; mitigation; agricultural runoff; Mississippi ID WATER-QUALITY; SURFACE; ATRAZINE; DISSIPATION; TILLAGE AB A loss of marginal wetland acreage adjoining agricultural fields has created a potential problem with water quality enhancement of agricultural runoff via wetlands. Current research is investigating the utility of constructed wetlands for pesticide mitigation purposes, thereby restoring water quality enhancement capability to the area. Constructed wetland mesocosms (59-73 mx 14 m), located at the University of Mississippi Field Station (Lafayette County, MS), were amended with metolachlor to simulate a cropland runoff event. Target concentrations for wetlands were 73 and 147 mug/l metolachlor in addition to an unamended control (0 mug/l). Water, sediment, and plant samples were collected weekly for 35 days following metolachlor amendment. Samples were collected from sites, longitudinally distributed within each wetland, and analyzed for metolachlor using gas chromatography. Between 7 and 25% of measured metolachlor mass was in the first 30-36 m (from inflow) of wetlands immediately following application and simulated rainfall. Approximately 10% of measured metolachlor mass was in plant samples. Suggested wetland travel distances for effective mitigation of metolachlor runoff ranged from 100 to 400 m. According to the results from this research, aquatic receiving system impacts due to metolachlor runoff could be mitigated by using constructed wetlands as buffers. Landowners and, government agencies can integrate this information into a water management plan, allowing fur better control of both quantity and quality of runoff water from individual agricultural fields. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00205-X PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 407KH UT WOS:000167270400006 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Stipanovic, RD Rivera, R AF Elzen, PJ Stipanovic, RD Rivera, R TI Activity of two preparations of natural smoke products on the behavior of Varroa jacobsoni oud. SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE varroa; Varroa jacobsoni; honey bee; Apis mellifera; natural products; control; behavior AB The varroa mite, Varroa jacobsoni Oud., is the most serious ectoparasitic pest affecting honey bees, Apis mellifera L. on a worldwide basis. In the present study we investigated the activity of two preparations of smoke extract, both an experimental and a commercial preparation, In the first bioassay, which tested the activity of volatiles in dislodging varroa from infested adult bees, the experimental preparation caused significantly more varroa drop than the corresponding control; the volatiles from the commercial preparation did not cause significant varroa drop, In the second bioassay, which measured varroa drop from infested bees sprayed directly with aqueous solutions of both smoke types, significant varroa drop was caused by direct contact to both the commercial and experimental samples. Analysis of both preparations by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed both preparations contained the phenolic compound 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. Bioassay of direct exposure by this compound showed significant contact activity in causing varroa to dislodge from adult honey bees. C1 USDA ARS, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77945 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SARC, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 2001 VL 141 IS 4 BP 289 EP 291 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 415HZ UT WOS:000167716700024 ER PT J AU Archibald, JK Wolf, PG Tepedino, VJ Bair, J AF Archibald, JK Wolf, PG Tepedino, VJ Bair, J TI Genetic relationships and population structure of the endangered Steamboat buckwheat, Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae (Polygonaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE allozyme; endemic; gene flow; isozyme; rare ID HYBRID SPECIATION; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; CONSEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; PLANTS AB Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae (Steamboat buckwheat) is a narrow endemic subshrub, known from a single locality in Washoe County, Nevada. We examined genetic structure of the only known population by analyzing patterns of allozyme variation. Our results suggest that Steamboat buckwheat has high genetic variability, with levels of variation similar to that typical of a widespread species rather than a narrow endemic. Genotype frequencies suggest that mating is random. We detected no genetic subdivision of the population. Several clones spanning up to 67 cm were found, but we do not know if such clones are common. We used allozyme data to assess the genetic similarity of var, williamsiae to five other varieties of E. ovalifolium. All Six varieties are very similar allozymically with var, williamsiae being the most similar to the widespread var. ovalifolium. Although var. williamsiae and var. ovalifolium are morphologically distinct, their genetic similarity warrants further study to determine whether or not they should be treated as separate taxa. Evidence of male sterility in var. williamsiae plus other data leads us to hypothesize that this taxon might be either a hybrid or undergoing cytoplasmic introgression. Information gathered from this study, in concert with ongoing work on the breeding system of Steamboat buckwheat, should be helpful in forming management strategies for this plant. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Nevada State Off, Reno, NV 89502 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Tepedino, VJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Wolf, Paul/F-7664-2010 OI Wolf, Paul/0000-0002-4317-6976 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 2001 VL 88 IS 4 BP 608 EP 615 DI 10.2307/2657059 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 422GY UT WOS:000168111200007 PM 11302845 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH AF Lichtenstein, AH TI Got soy? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SERUM-LIPIDS; PROTEIN; PHYTOESTROGENS; HUMANS; TRIAL C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 73 IS 4 BP 667 EP 668 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 415HV UT WOS:000167716200001 PM 11273838 ER PT J AU Corella, D Tucker, K Lahoz, C Coltell, O Cupples, LA Wilson, PEF Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM AF Corella, D Tucker, K Lahoz, C Coltell, O Cupples, LA Wilson, PEF Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM TI Alcohol drinking determines the effect of the APOE locus on LDL-cholesterol concentrations in men: the Framingham Offspring Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein E; genetics; lipoproteins; LDL cholesterol; alcohol drinking; diet; the Framingham Offspring Study; APOE ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; SERUM-LIPIDS; E PHENOTYPE; LIFE-STYLE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Background: The effect of alcohol drinking on LDL-cholesterol concentrations is unclear. The reported variability may be due to interactions between genetic factors and alcohol intake. Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine whether variation at the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) locus modulates the association between alcohol drinking and LDL cholesterol. Design: We used a cross-sectional design in a healthy population-based sample of 1014 men and 1133 women from the Framingham Offspring Study. Results: In male nondrinkers (n = 197), LDL cholesterol was not significantly different across APOE allele groups [APOE*E2 (E2), APOE*E3 (E3), and APOE*E4 (E4)]. However, in male drinkers (n = 817), differences were observed (P < 0.001); those with the E2 allele had the lowest concentrations. LDL cholesterol in men with the E2 allele was significantly lower in drinkers than in nondrinkers but was significantly higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers in men with the E4 allele. This APOE-alcohol interaction remained significant (P < 0.001) after age, body mass index, smoking status, and fat and energy intakes were controlled for. In women, the expected effect of APOE alleles on LDL cholesterol occurred in both drinkers (n = 791; P < 0.001) and nondrinkers (n = 342; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression models showed a negative association (P < 0.05) between alcohol and LDL cholesterol in men with the E2 allele but a positive association in men with the E4 allele. No significant associations were observed in men or women with the E3 allele. Conclusion: In men, the effects of alcohol intake on LDL cholesterol are modulated in part by variability at the APOE locus. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham, MA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776]; PHS HHS [N01-38038] NR 74 TC 93 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 73 IS 4 BP 736 EP 745 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 415HV UT WOS:000167716200011 PM 11273848 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KO Razavi, M Henderson, RA Caballero, B Ellis, KJ AF O'Brien, KO Razavi, M Henderson, RA Caballero, B Ellis, KJ TI Bone mineral content in girls perinatally infected with HIV SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE girls; HIV infection; bone density; calcium; calcitropic hormones; body composition; nutrition; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BODY-COMPOSITION; URINARY CALCIUM; PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; N-TELOPEPTIDES; CHILDREN; GROWTH; YOUNG; ABSORPTION AB Background: Early diagnostic efforts and advances in multidrug therapy have considerably prolonged the survival time of children infected perinatally with HIV. Despite these advances, few studies have addressed calcium status and bone growth in HIV-infected children. Objective: Our objective was to examine the effect of HIV infection on calcium status and bone growth in children. Design: We measured calcitropic hormones, urinary calcium excretion, bone mineral content, and body composition in 19 young girls aged 9.2 +/- 2.6 y (range: 5.9-15.2 y) who were infected perinatally with HIV. Results: Serum concentrations of 1,25 -dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] and parathyroid hormone concentrations were elevated above normal ranges in 25% and 12% of these girls, respectively Urinary calcium excretion normalized for creatinine excretion was also elevated (Ca/Cr >0.18) in 17% of these children despite suboptimal calcium intakes (679 +/- :437 mg/d). Total-body bone mineral content, measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, averaged 845.1 +/- 279.0 g and was on average 2.7 z scores below age- and race-matched values reported in non-HIV-infected healthy girls. Significant positive correlations were found between an indirect marker of bone resorption in urine (N-telopeptide) and 1,25(OH)(2)D (P < 0.02, r(2) = 0.586, n = 9), and between serum N-telopeptide and total alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.001, r(2) = 0.541, n = 17), suggesting that calcium insufficiency may be increasing bone resorption in this group. Conclusions: Young girls with HIV infection had low bone mass and evidence of calcium insufficiency. Nutritional counseling of children with HIV infection should emphasize adequate calcium intakes because of the importance of this age period in bone mineral acquisition. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Hosp, Dept Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St,Room 2041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR000520347] NR 37 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 73 IS 4 BP 821 EP 826 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 415HV UT WOS:000167716200022 PM 11273859 ER PT J AU Hartman, TJ Woodson, K Stolzenberg-Solomon, R Virtamo, J Selhub, J Barrett, MJ Albanes, D AF Hartman, TJ Woodson, K Stolzenberg-Solomon, R Virtamo, J Selhub, J Barrett, MJ Albanes, D TI Association of the B-vitamins pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate (B-6), B-12, and folate with lung cancer risk in older men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE folic acid; homocysteine; lung neoplasms; methylation; pyridoxine; vitamin B 12 ID NESTED CASE-CONTROL; DIETARY QUESTIONNAIRE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MALE SMOKERS; DEFICIENCY; PLASMA; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A nested case-control study was conducted within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort to test for associations between selected B-vitamins (folate, vitamin B,, vitamin B,,) and incident lung cancer. This trial was conducted in Finland between 1985 and 1993. Serum was analyzed for these nutrients and homocysteine among 300 lung cancer cases and matched controls (1:1). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined in conditional and unconditional (controlling for the matching factors) logistic regression models, after adjusting for body mass index, years of smoking, and number of cigarettes smoked per day. No significant associations were seen between serum folate, vitamin B-12, or homocysteine and lung cancer risk. The authors found significantly lower risk of lung cancer among men who had higher serum vitamin B-6 levels. Compared with men with the lowest vitamin B-6 concentration, men in the fifth quintile had about one half of the risk of lung cancer (odds ratio = 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.23, 0.93; p-trend = 0.02). Adjusting for any of the other serum factors (folate, B-12, and homocysteine) either alone or jointly did not significantly alter these estimates. This is the first report from a prospectively conducted study to suggest a role for vitamin B-6 in lung cancer. C1 Informat Management Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland. NCI, Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Albanes, D (reprint author), Execut Blvd 2120,EPS 7016, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015 NR 50 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 7 BP 688 EP 694 DI 10.1093/aje/153.7.688 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 419CD UT WOS:000167931000011 PM 11282797 ER PT J AU Dudley, MA Schoknecht, PA Dudley, AW Jiang, L Ferraris, RP Rosenberger, JN Henry, JF Reeds, PJ AF Dudley, MA Schoknecht, PA Dudley, AW Jiang, L Ferraris, RP Rosenberger, JN Henry, JF Reeds, PJ TI Lactase synthesis is pretranslationally regulated in protein-deficient pigs fed a protein-sufficient diet SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE small intestine; messenger ribonucleic acid; fractional and total synthesis rates; gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy ID PHLORHIZIN HYDROLASE TURNOVER; MESSENGER-RNA; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; INTESTINAL LACTASE; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; RAT; EXPRESSION; MALNUTRITION; DEPRIVATION; STARVATION AB The in vivo effects of protein malnutrition and protein rehabilitation on lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) synthesis were examined. Five-day-old pigs were fed isocaloric diets containing 10% (deficient, n = 12) or 24% (sufficient, n = 12) protein. After 4 wk, one-half of the animals in each dietary group were infused intravenously with [ C-13(1)]leucine for 6 h, and the jejunum was analyzed for enzyme activity, mRNA abundance, and LPH polypeptide isotopic enrichment. The remaining animals were fed the protein-sufficient diet for 1 wk, and the jejunum was analyzed. Jejunal mass and lactase enzyme activity per jejunum were significantly lower in protein-deficient vs. control animals but returned to normal with rehabilitation. Protein malnutrition did not affect LPH mRNA abundance relative to elongation factor-1 alpha, but rehabilitation resulted in a significant increase in LPH mRNA relative abundance. Protein malnutrition significantly lowered the LPH fractional synthesis rate (FSR; %/day), whereas the FSR of LPH in rehabilitated and control animals was similar. These results suggest that protein malnutrition decreases LPH synthesis by altering posttranslational events, whereas the jejunum responds to rehabilitation by increasing LPH mRNA relative abundance, suggesting pretranslational regulation. C1 New Jersey Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pharmacol & Physiol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Anim Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Pathol & Lab Med Serv, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Dudley, MA (reprint author), New Jersey Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pharmacol & Physiol, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 280 IS 4 BP G621 EP G628 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 412YM UT WOS:000167582900013 PM 11254488 ER PT J AU Brockmeier, SL Palmer, MV Bolin, SR Rimler, RB AF Brockmeier, SL Palmer, MV Bolin, SR Rimler, RB TI Effects of intranasal inoculation with Bordetella bronchiseptica, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, or a combination of both organisms on subsequent infection with Pasteurella multocida in pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DUAL INFECTIONS; SWINE HERDS; CHALLENGE; DISEASE AB Objective-To determine effects of intranasal inoculation with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or Bordetella bronchiseptica on challenge with nontoxigenic Pasteurella multocida in pigs. Animals-Seventy 3-week-old pigs. Procedure-In experiment 1, pigs were not inoculated [n = 10) or were inoculated with PRRSV (10), P multocida (10), or PRRSV followed by challenge with P multocida (10). In experiment 2, pigs were not inoculated (n = 10) or were inoculated with B bronchiseptica (10) or PRRSV and B bronchiseptica (10); all pigs were challenged with P multocida. Five pigs from each group were necropsied 14 and 21 days after initial inoculations. Results-Pasteurella multocida was not isolated from tissue specimens of pigs challenged with P multocida alone or after inoculation with PRRSV. However, in pigs challenged after inoculation with B bronchiseptica, P multocida was isolated from specimens of the nasal cavity and tonsil of the soft palate. Number of bacteria isolated increased in pigs challenged after coinoculation with PRRSV and B bronchiseptica, and all 3 agents were isolated from pneumonic lesions in these pigs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Infection of pigs with B bronchiseptica but not PRRSV prior to challenge with P multocida resulted in colonization of the upper respiratory tract and tonsil of the soft palate with P multocida. Coinfection with PRRSV and B bronchiseptica predisposed pigs to infection of the upper respiratory tract and lung with P multocida. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and B bronchiseptica may interact to adversely affect respiratory tract defense mechanisms, leaving pigs especially vulnerable to infection with secondary agents such as P multocida. C1 ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Brockmeier, SL (reprint author), ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 62 IS 4 BP 521 EP 525 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.521 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 416ME UT WOS:000167784100010 PM 11327458 ER PT J AU Carroll, JA Matteri, RL Dyer, CJ Beausang, LA Zannelli, ME AF Carroll, JA Matteri, RL Dyer, CJ Beausang, LA Zannelli, ME TI Impact of environmental temperature on response of neonatal pigs to an endotoxin challenge SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; FEVER; MECHANISMS; VASOPRESSIN; SECRETION; CYTOKINES; PROLACTIN; ELEVATION AB Objective-To evaluate the effect of various environmental temperatures (ET) on the ability of neonatal pigs to cope with an endotoxin challenge. Animals-28 crossbred male pigs that were 24 hours old. Procedure-At 24 hours of age, pigs were placed in environmentally controlled chambers maintained at 18 or 34 C (14 pigs/ET). Rectal temperatures (RT) were recorded at 15-minute intervals for 3 hours following an IP injection of 0.9% NaCl (7 control pigs/ET) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 150 mug/kg of body weight; 7 LPS-treated pigs/ET). Tissue specimens and blood samples were collected following the 3-hour challenge period. Results-LPS-treated pigs exposed to 18 C had a period of hypothermia whereas RT for LPS-treated pigs at 34 C did not differ from control pigs. The LPS-treated pigs maintained at 18 C lost the most body weight during the 3-hour period and also had the greatest increase in serum cortisol concentration. Serum prolactin (PRL) concentration was decreased in pigs at 18 C, compared with pigs at 34 C, Challenge with LPS resulted in an increase in serum PRL concentration at 18 C but had no effect on serum PRL at 34 C. Challenge with LPS resulted in an increase in expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Exposure to a cold ET can inhibit the ability of neonatal pigs to cope with an exogenous endotoxin challenge. When combined, cold stress and exposure to exogenous endotoxin induces a rapid and potentially dangerous loss of body temperature in neonatal pigs. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA,ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Anim Sci Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Pierce Endogen Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA,ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Anim Sci Res Ctr, Room S-107, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 62 IS 4 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.561 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 416ME UT WOS:000167784100016 PM 11327464 ER PT J AU Nilsen, ET Clinton, BD Lei, TT Miller, OK Semones, SW Walker, JF AF Nilsen, ET Clinton, BD Lei, TT Miller, OK Semones, SW Walker, JF TI Does Rhododendron maximum L. (Ericaceae) reduce the availability of resources above and belowground for canopy tree seedlings? SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; SHADE TOLERANCE; FORESTS; GROWTH; UNDERSTORY; NITROGEN; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; THICKETS; BAMBOOS AB Subcanopy shrubs and perennial herbs inhibit recruitment of canopy trees in forests around the world. Although this phenomenon is widespread, and can have significant effects on community dynamics. the mechanisms of inhibition are not well understood. In the southern Appalachian region, Rhododendron maximum inhibits the recruitment of canopy trees in forests of northern red oak (Quercus rubra). We have shown, in previous research, that processes occurring before canopy tree seed germination are not responsible for this inhibition. Therefore, post-germination processes, such as competition for resources are most important. In this stud, we show that the presence of a thicket of R. maximum in the understory reduced the availability of light by 80%, the frequency and duration of sunflecks by 96%, the availability of water by 20% and the availability of sever al soil nutrients (particularly cations) by variable amounts. Moreover, the survival of Q, rubra seedlings in the understory over 3 y was significantly reduced (by about 40%) in the presence of a R. maximum thicket compared with forest without a thicket. Seedling survival was positively associated with light availability, but the slope and intercept of that relationship was different in forest with or without R maximum. Therefore, belowground processes are involved in reduced seedling survival under the R. maximum thicket. The resources most associated with survival of Q. rubra seedlings were water and light. Although many soil nutrients were significantly lower in forest with R. maximum than in forest without R. maximum, no individual nutrient was a significant covariate with Q. rubra survivorship. Our data indicate that competition for resources both above- and belowground is an important mechanism for inhibition of canopy tree recruitment by R. maximum. Light is important to seedling survival, but is not the only important factor. Water availability and the ability to accumulate soil nutrients are equally or more important than light to survival of canopy tree seedlings in the presence of a subcanopy thicker of R. maximum. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Sybron Chem Inc, Salem, VA 24153 USA. CSIRO, Cotton Res Unit, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. RP Nilsen, ET (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 42 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2001 VL 145 IS 2 BP 325 EP 343 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2001)145[0325:DRMLER]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420VK UT WOS:000168025800009 ER PT J AU Menzel, MA Menzel, JM Ford, WM Edwards, JW Carter, TC Churchill, JB Kilgo, JC AF Menzel, MA Menzel, JM Ford, WM Edwards, JW Carter, TC Churchill, JB Kilgo, JC TI Home range and habitat use of male Rafinesque's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AVAILABILITY; SIZE AB We examined home range size and habitat use of four reproductively active male Rafinesque's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) in an area of the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina during August and September 1999. Corynorhinus rafinesquii had biphasic activity patterns, with most foraging activity occurring during the first 4 h after sunset and 2 h before sunrise. Mean home range size calculated using the adaptive kernel method with a 9.5% use distribution was 93.1 ha. Although large contiguous tracts of mature bottomland hardwoods were common in the study area, most foraging activity occurred in young pine stands. Only 9% of foraging areas were in bottomland hardwoods. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. W Virginia Univ, Coll Agr & Forestry, Nat Resource Anal Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Menzel, MA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2001 VL 145 IS 2 BP 402 EP 408 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2001)145[0402:HRAHUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420VK UT WOS:000168025800016 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, JB TI Concurrent measurement of promoter activity and transfection efficiency using a new reporter vector containing both Photinus pyralis and Renilla reniformis luciferase genes SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; EXPRESSION; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION; ASSAY C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Bldg 307,Room 313, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 1 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1006/abio.2001.5003 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 421GX UT WOS:000168057600022 PM 11262171 ER PT J AU Smith, TPL Fahrenkrug, SC Rohrer, GA Simmen, FA Rexroad, CE Keele, JW AF Smith, TPL Fahrenkrug, SC Rohrer, GA Simmen, FA Rexroad, CE Keele, JW TI Mapping of expressed sequence tags from a porcine early embryonic cDNA library SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tag; mapping; porcine blastocyst ID PERIIMPLANTATION PORCINE; PIG; CONCEPTUSES; PROTEIN; MEISHAN AB The goal of this study was to identify and map genes expressed during the elongation phase of embryogenesis in swine. Expressed sequence tags were analysed from a previously described porcine cDNA library prepared from elongating swine embryos. Average insert length of randomly selected clones was approximately 600 bp, with a range from <100 to >2500 bp, Single-pass, coding strand sequences from 1132 independent clones were compared with the GenBank non-redundant (nr) database via BLASTN analysis to identify potential porcine homologous of known genes. Among these sequences, 781 (69%) showed significant (score >300) homology to nonmitochondrial sequences previously deposited in GenBank. Sequences matching interleucin 1 beta and thymosin beta 10 were most frequently observed (24 and 18 clones, respectively), in addition to matches with 310 other distinct genes, No significant match in the GenBank nr database was obtained for 303 sequences. Analysis demonstrated that 151 (50%) had open reading frames (ORF) extending at least 50 codons from the first base of the clone insert. Genetic markers were developed and used to map a subset of 17 genes, selected on the basis of function or of the ability to design primers that successfully amplified porcine genomic DNA, to 10 different porcine chromosomes, providing a set of mapped markers corresponding to genes expressed during conceptus elongation. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci & Interdisciplinary Concentrat Anim, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Simmen, Frank/J-9464-2012 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.00739.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 449NU UT WOS:000169693000002 PM 11421940 ER PT J AU Casas, E Bennett, GL Bottema, CDK Crawford, A Kalm, E Kappes, SM Kister, A Lewin, HA Lien, S Morris, CA Olsaker, I Pitchford, WS Schmutz, SM Thomsen, H Xu, N AF Casas, E Bennett, GL Bottema, CDK Crawford, A Kalm, E Kappes, SM Kister, A Lewin, HA Lien, S Morris, CA Olsaker, I Pitchford, WS Schmutz, SM Thomsen, H Xu, N TI Comprehensive linkage map of bovine chromosome 11 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bovine; BTA11; comprehensive map; consensus map; linkage map ID GENETIC-MAP; CONSENSUS; WORKSHOP; GENOME; CATTLE AB The results of genotypic data contributed to the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) Bovine Chromosome 11 (BTA11) Workshop are presented. Six laboratories contributed a total of 26 199 informative meioses from 80 loci. Thirty-six loci were typed by at least two independent laboratories and were used to construct a consensus linkage map of the chromosome. The remaining loci were subsequently incorporated into a comprehensive map. The sex-averaged consensus map covered 128.9 cM, The female consensus map was 101.2 cM. while the male consensus map was 129.8 cM. The comprehensive sex-averaged map was 134.2 cM and the average genetic distance between loci was 1.72 cM. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Adelaide, Dept Anim Sci, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. Agr Res, Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. Univ Kiel, Inst Tierzucht & Tierhaltung, Kiel, Germany. ARS, USDA, NPS, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Biotechnol, Edward R Madigan Lab 206 A, Urbana, IL USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Anim Sci, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Morphol Genet & Aquat Biol, Oslo, Norway. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Casas, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. OI Thomsen, Hauke/0000-0001-5951-3116; Pitchford, Wayne/0000-0002-5213-3978 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 92 EP 94 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.00728.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 449NU UT WOS:000169693000006 PM 11421944 ER PT J AU Casas, E Sonstegard, TS Barendse, W Bennett, GL Bottema, CDK Crawford, A Grosz, MD Kalm, E Kappes, SM Kister, A Li, Y Lien, S Morris, CA Olsaker, I Pitchford, WS Schmutz, SM Thomsen, H Xu, N AF Casas, E Sonstegard, TS Barendse, W Bennett, GL Bottema, CDK Crawford, A Grosz, MD Kalm, E Kappes, SM Kister, A Li, Y Lien, S Morris, CA Olsaker, I Pitchford, WS Schmutz, SM Thomsen, H Xu, N TI Comprehensive linkage map of bovine chromosome 27 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bovine; BTA27; comprehensive map; consensus map; linkage map ID GENETIC-MAP; GENOME; CONSENSUS; WORKSHOP AB The results of genotypic data contributed to the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) Bovine Chromosome 27 Workshop are presented. Eight laboratories contributed 23 261 informative meioses from 44 loci. Eighteen loci were typed by at least two laboratories and were used to construct a consensus linkage map. Twenty-one loci were subsequently incorporated into a comprehensive map. The sex-averaged consensus map covered 66.9 cM. The sex-averaged comprehensive map was 75.5 cM, while the female and male maps were 73.1 and 63.7 cM. respectively. Five loci were excluded from the analysis because of ambiguous position in the linkage group and a Low LOD score (less than 2.0). Average distance between loci in the comprehensive map was 1.98 cM. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. ARS, USDA, REE,BA,LPSI,GE&M LAB, BARC E, Beltsville, MD USA. CSIRO Trop Agr, Gehrmann Labs, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Anim Sci, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. Agr Res, Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. GenomicFX, Austin, TX USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Tierzucht & Tierhaltung, Kiel, Germany. ARS, USDA, NPS, Beltsville, MD USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Anim Sci, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Morphol Genet & Aquat Biol, Oslo, Norway. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Casas, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Barendse, William/D-8608-2011; Li, Yutao/H-2834-2013; OI Barendse, William/0000-0002-5464-0658; Li, Yutao/0000-0001-9158-9946; Thomsen, Hauke/0000-0001-5951-3116 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 95 EP 97 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.00727.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 449NU UT WOS:000169693000007 PM 11421945 ER PT J AU Cepica, S Rohrer, GA Knoll, A Masopust, M Malek, O AF Cepica, S Rohrer, GA Knoll, A Masopust, M Malek, O TI Linkage mapping of four genes (OTC, SERPINA7, SLC25A5 and FMR1) on porcine chromosome X SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RAPID COMMUNICATION; GENOME; SEQUENCE; LOCALIZATION; SWINE; ANT2; LOCI; MAPS C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, CR-27721 Libechov, Czech Republic. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Cepica, S (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, CR-27721 Libechov, Czech Republic. RI Knoll, Ales/D-6896-2012; Cepica, Stanislav/G-7180-2014 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 106 EP 109 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.0700b.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 449NU UT WOS:000169693000011 PM 11421949 ER PT J AU Sonstegard, TS Bendixen, C Bennett, GL Kalm, E Kappes, SM Lewin, HA Lien, S Nielsen, VH Olsaker, I Schmutz, S Thomsen, H Van Tassell, CP Xu, N AF Sonstegard, TS Bendixen, C Bennett, GL Kalm, E Kappes, SM Lewin, HA Lien, S Nielsen, VH Olsaker, I Schmutz, S Thomsen, H Van Tassell, CP Xu, N TI Consensus and comprehensive linkage maps of bovine chromosome 17 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-MAP; WORKSHOP; GENOME; CATTLE C1 ARS, USDA, ANRI GEML, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Res Ctr Foulum, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Tjele, Denmark. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Tierzucht & Tierhaltung, Kiel, Germany. ARS, USDA, NPS, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Illinois, Edward R Madigan Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Anim Sci, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Morphol Genet & Aquat Biol, Oslo, Norway. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI GEML, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Thomsen, Hauke/0000-0001-5951-3116; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 112 EP 113 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.0700e.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 449NU UT WOS:000169693000014 PM 11421952 ER PT J AU Sonstegard, TS Bennett, GL Kalm, E Kappes, SM Lewin, HA Olsaker, I Schmutz, S Thomsen, H Vage, DI Van Tassell, CP Xu, N AF Sonstegard, TS Bennett, GL Kalm, E Kappes, SM Lewin, HA Olsaker, I Schmutz, S Thomsen, H Vage, DI Van Tassell, CP Xu, N TI Consensus and comprehensive linkage maps of bovine chromosome 25 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-MAP; WORKSHOP; GENOME; CATTLE C1 ARS, USDA, ANRI GEML, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Tierzucht & Tierhaltung, Kiel, Germany. ARS, USDA, NPS, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Illinois, Edward R Madigan Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Morphol Genet & Aquat Biol, Oslo, Norway. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Anim Sci, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI GEML, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Thomsen, Hauke/0000-0001-5951-3116; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 114 EP 115 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.0700f.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 449NU UT WOS:000169693000015 PM 11421953 ER PT J AU Sonstegard, TS Barendse, W Bennett, GL Brockmann, GA Davis, S Droegemuller, C Kalm, E Kappes, SM Kuhn, C Li, Y Schwerin, M Taylor, J Thomsen, H Van Tassell, CP Yeh, CC AF Sonstegard, TS Barendse, W Bennett, GL Brockmann, GA Davis, S Droegemuller, C Kalm, E Kappes, SM Kuhn, C Li, Y Schwerin, M Taylor, J Thomsen, H Van Tassell, CP Yeh, CC TI Consensus and comprehensive linkage maps of the bovine sex chromosomes SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID X-CHROMOSOME; WORKSHOP; GENOME C1 ARS, USDA, ANRI GEML, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CSIRO Trop Agr, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Forschungsinst Biol Landwirtschaftlicher Nutztier, Forsch Bereich Mol Biol, Dummerstorf, Germany. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Tierarztlichen Hsch Hannover, Inst Tierzucht & Vererbungsforsch, Hannover, Germany. Univ Kiel, Inst Tierzucht & Tierhaltung, Kiel, Germany. ARS, USDA, NPS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI GEML, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Barendse, William/D-8608-2011; Li, Yutao/H-2834-2013; OI Barendse, William/0000-0002-5464-0658; Li, Yutao/0000-0001-9158-9946; Thomsen, Hauke/0000-0001-5951-3116 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 115 EP 117 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.0700g.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 449NU UT WOS:000169693000016 PM 11421954 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI Effects of prolonged darkness on the sensitivity of leaf respiration to carbon dioxide concentration in C-3 and C-4 species SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; respiration; Abutilon theophrasti (L.); Amaranthus retroflexus (L.); Amaranthus hypochondriacus (L.); Datura stramonium (L.); Helianthus annuus (L.); Solanum melongena (L.); Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench); Zea mays. ID ELEVATED CO2; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; CONSTRUCTION COST; DIRECT INHIBITION; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; LEAVES; PLANTS; FIELD; MAINTENANCE AB Predicting responses of plant and global carbon balance to the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere requires an understanding of the response of plant respiration to carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]). Direct effects of the carbon dioxide concentration at which rates of respiration of plant tissue are measured are quite variable and their effects remain controversial. One possible source of variation in responsiveness is the energy status of the tissue, which could influence the control coefficients of enzymes, such as cytochrome-c oxidase, whose activity is sensitive to [CO2]. In this study we compared responses of respiration rate to [CO2] over the range of 60 to 1000 mu mol mol(-1) in fully expanded leaves of four C-3 and four C-4 herbaceous species. Responses were measured near the middle of the normal 10 h dark period, and also after another 24 h of darkness. On average, rates of respiration were reduced about 70% by the prolonged dark period, and leaf dry mass pet unit area decreased about 30%. In all species studied, the relative decrease in respiration rate with increasing [CO2] was larger after prolonged darkness, In the C-3 species, rates measured at 1000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 averaged 0.89 of those measured at 60 mu mol mol(-1) in the middle of the normal dark period, and 0.70-times when measured after prolonged darkness. In the C-4 species. rates measured at 1000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 averaged 0.79 of those at 60 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 in the middle of the normal dark period, and 0.51-times when measured after prolonged darkness. In three of the C-3 species and one of the C-4 species. the decrease in the absolute respiration rate between 60 and 1000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 was essentially the same in the middle of the normal night period and after prolonged darkness. In the other species, the decrease in the absolute rate of respiration with increase in [CO2] was substantially less after prolonged darkness than in the middle of the normal night period. These results indicated that increasing the [CO2] at the time of measurement decreased respiration in all species examined, and that this effect was relatively larger in tissues in which the respiration rate was substrate-limited, The larger relative effect of [CO2] on respiration in tissues after prolonged darkness is evidence against a controlling role of cytochrome-c oxidase in the direct effects of [CO2] on respiration. (C) 2001 US Government. C1 ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD APR PY 2001 VL 87 IS 4 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1006/anbo.2000.1358 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 416JB UT WOS:000167775600006 ER PT J AU Pilarska, D Linde, A Goertz, D McManus, M Solter, L Bochev, N Rajkova, M AF Pilarska, D Linde, A Goertz, D McManus, M Solter, L Bochev, N Rajkova, M TI First report on the distribution of microsporidian infections of browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) populations in Bulgaria SO ANZEIGER FUR SCHADLINGSKUNDE-JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOREST LEPIDOPTERA AB The distribution of microsporidian infections of browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) populations in Bulgaria was studied. Of the 72 browntail moth populations in the regions of Balkan, Sredna Gora, Sakar Mountains, and Rodope Mountains, 21 were infected by Microsporidia. The Microsporidia belong to two genera - Nosema (Dihaplophasea, Nosematidae) and Endoreticulatus (Haplophasea, Encephalitozoonidae). Microsporidial infections caused by a Nosema were found in 14 populations, by an Endoreticulatus in 8 populations, and mixed infections of Nosema and Endoreticulatus present in Balkan, Sredna Gora, and the Sakar Mountains. Nosema infections were found in Sakar Mountains and Rodope, and mixed infections were recorded only from the Sakar Mountain populations. C1 Fachhsch Eberswalde, Fachbereich Forstwirtschaft, Fachgebiet Angew Okol, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Sofia, Bulgaria. US Forest Serv, USDA, Hamden, CT USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Forest Protect Stn, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Forest Reg Management, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. RP Fachhsch Eberswalde, Fachbereich Forstwirtschaft, Fachgebiet Angew Okol, A Moller Str 1, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-5693 J9 ANZ SCHADL-J PEST SC JI Anz. Schadlingskd.-J. Pest Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 74 IS 2 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01007.x PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 436PH UT WOS:000168943900002 ER PT J AU Taylor, F Mcaloon, AJ Craig, JC Yang, P Wahjudi, J Eckhoff, SR AF Taylor, F Mcaloon, AJ Craig, JC Yang, P Wahjudi, J Eckhoff, SR TI Fermentation and costs of fuel ethanol from corn with quick-germ process SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quick-fiber; ethyl alcohol; cost estimation; cornstarch; oil; dry-grind process; wet milling; distiller's dried grains ID GRIND AB The Quick-Germ process developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a way to obtain corn oil, but with lower capital costs than the traditional wet-milling process. Quick-Germ has the potential to increase the coproduct credits and profitability of the existing dry-grind fuel ethanol process, but the fermentability of the corn remaining after oil recovery has not been tested. Therefore, a series of pilot scale (50 L) fermentations was carefully controlled and monitored with unique methods for standard inoculation and automatic sampling. It was found that the concentration of suspended solids was significantly reduced in the Quick-Germ fermentations. When compared at the same concentration of fermentable sugars, the fermentation rate and yield were not statistically different from controls. When Quick-Germ was integrated into a state-of-the-art dry-grind fuel ethanol process, computer simulation and cost models indicated savings of approx $0.01/L of ethanol ($0.04/gal) with the Quick-Germ process. Additional savings associated with the lower suspended solids could not be quantified and were not included. However, the savings are sensitive to the price of corn oil. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Taylor, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Eckhoff, Steven/F-2505-2010 NR 6 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1385/ABAB:94:1:41 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 433QM UT WOS:000168771300003 PM 11393355 ER PT J AU Overturf, K Hardy, RW AF Overturf, K Hardy, RW TI Myosin expression levels in trout muscle: a new method for monitoring specific growth rates for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) on varied planes of nutrition SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE myosin; protein deposition; nutritional status; rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) ID PROTEIN-TURNOVER; ASSAY AB Fish growth is manifested by a number of measurable physical changes. We have developed a sensitive method for monitoring the growth rate of fish fed at four different planes of nutrition. This technique consists in measuring expression levels of myosin RNA isolated from the muscle of experimental animals. Using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) primers, and a fluorescence-labelled single-stranded DNA probe that hybridizes specifically to a region within the myosin mRNA of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), we were able to detect differences in the relative level of myosin expression between groups of fish. This method also allows for the determination of absolute expression levels when reactions are performed with standards consisting of known levels of in vitro-transcribed myosin RNA. With the proper equipment, this novel procedure can be performed rapidly on large numbers of individuals, and with the procurement of non-invasive muscle biopsies the same experimental animal could theoretically be sampled multiple times throughout the course of the study. This new method could be used to measure differences in muscle synthesis in fish associated with various nutrient intake levels, environmental parameters, life-history stages and health status. C1 ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00582.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 420LC UT WOS:000168005600008 ER PT J AU Funk, CJ AF Funk, CJ TI Alkaline phosphatase activity in whitefly salivary glands and saliva SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE whitefly; alkaline phosphatase; saliva; salivary gland; Bemisia argentifolii; Bemisia tabaci B biotype; insect ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; SUCROSE CONCENTRATION; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; SILKWORM MIDGUT; SWEET-POTATO; HOMOPTERA; PROTEINS; ISOZYMES; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM AB Alkaline phosphatase activity was histochemically localized in adult whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci B biotype, syn. B. argentifolii) with a chromogenic substrate (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate) and a fluorogenic substrate (ELF-97). The greatest amount of staining was in the basal regions of adult salivary glands with additional activity traced into the connecting salivary ducts. Other tissues that had alkaline phosphatase activity were the accessory salivary glands, the midgut, the portion of the ovariole surrounding the terminal oocyte, and the colleterial gland. Whitefly nymphs had activity in salivary ducts, whereas activity was not detected in two aphid species (Rhodobium porosum and Aphis gossypii). Whitefly diet (15% sucrose) was collected from whitefly feeding chambers and found to have alkaline phosphatase activity, indicating the enzyme was secreted in saliva. Further studies with salivary alkaline phosphatase collected from diet indicated that the enzyme had a pH optimum of 10.4 and was inhibited by 1 mM cysteine and to a lesser extent 1 mM histidine. Dithiothreitol, inorganic phosphate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) also inhibited activity, whereas levamisole only partially inhibited salivary alkaline phosphatase. The enzyme was heat tolerant and retained approximately 50% activity after a l-h treatment at 65 degreesC. The amount of alkaline phosphatase activity secreted by whiteflies increased under conditions that stimulate increased feeding. These observations indicate alkaline phosphatase may play a role during whitefly feeding. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Funk, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 40 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 4 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1002/arch.1026 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 426QL UT WOS:000168359800001 PM 11304750 ER PT J AU Valaitis, AP Jenkins, JL Lee, MK Dean, DH Garner, KJ AF Valaitis, AP Jenkins, JL Lee, MK Dean, DH Garner, KJ TI Isolation and partial characterization of gypsy moth BTR-270, an anionic brush border membrane glycoconjugate that binds Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxins with high affinity SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gypsy moth; BTR-270; Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxin receptor ID MANDUCA-SEXTA AMINOPEPTIDASE; INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; BOMBYX-MORI RECEPTOR; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; CRYIAC TOXIN; DOMAIN-III; MIDGUT; SPECIFICITY AB BTR-270, a gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) brush border membrane molecule that binds Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A toxins with high affinity, was purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. Rabbit antibodies specific for the Bt toxin-binding molecule were raised. Attempts to label BTR-270 by protein-directed techniques were futile, but it was degraded by proteases with broad specificity indicating the presence of a peptide. Carbohydrate was detected by labeling with digoxigenin hydrazide following periodate oxidation. Mild alkaline hydrolysis destroyed toxin and antibody binding, suggesting O-linked glycans are involved in the activity. GC/MS composition analysis showed that the predominant sugars were galactose, glucose, and N-acetyl galactosamine with lesser amounts of N-acetyl glucosamine, glucuronic acid, xylose, and fucose. The carbohydrate moiety accounted for 73% of its total mass. Amino acid analysis showed a high content of aspartic/asparagine, threonine, and serine residues in the protein moiety. The purified glycoconjugate was not visualized using Coomassie or silver staining procedures, but stained "blue" using the cationic dye Stains-all. BTR-270 was labeled with biotin and used as a diagnostic probe for screening and identifying toxins that bind to the receptor. Toxin-binding kinetics obtained using a biosensor demonstrated that the receptor binds Cry1Aa and Cry1Ab toxins with high affinity, and displays a weaker affinity for Cry1Ac, in correlation with the toxicity of these toxins towards gypsy moth. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Valaitis, AP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. OI Jenkins, Jeremy/0000-0001-9795-0771 NR 53 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 4 BP 186 EP 200 DI 10.1002/arch.1028 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 426QL UT WOS:000168359800003 PM 11304752 ER PT J AU Casey, PH Szeto, K Lensing, S Bogle, M Weber, J AF Casey, PH Szeto, K Lensing, S Bogle, M Weber, J TI Children in food-insufficient, low-income families - Prevalence, health, and nutrition status SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT; OBESITY; HEIGHT; INACTIVITY; FATNESS; POVERTY; HUNGER AB Objective: To examine characteristics of US children living in food-insufficient households and to compare food and nutrient intakes, physical inactivity, and overweight and underweight status of children in food-insufficient households with those in food-sufficient households. Design: Cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of children and households from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, from 1994 to 1996. Participants: a group of 3790 households, including 5669 children (ages 0-17 years). Main Outcome Measure(b): Estimates of food insufficiency for children were based on the reported adequacy of their households, described as "often don't have enough to eat" or "sometimes don't have enough to eat." Nutrient consumption was based on two 24-hour dietary recalls from in-person interviews. Results: Three percent of all households with children, and 7.5% of low-income families with children experienced food insufficiency. Several demographic and characteristic differences were observed between the food-sufficient and food-insufficient low-income groups. Children of low-income families, either food-sufficient or food-insufficient, had similar macrconutrient and micronutrient intake, reported exercise, television watching, and percentage of overweight and underweight. When compared with the higher-income food-sufficient households, children in the low-income food-insufficient households consumed fewer calories (P=.05) and total carbohydrates (P=.004), but had a higher cholesterol intake (P=.02). The low-income food-insufficient group included more overweight children (P=.04), consumed less fruits (P=.04), and spent more time watching television (P=.02). Conclusions: While not different from low-income families who do not report food insufficiency, low-income families with food insufficiency had children who differed from high-income families in several nutrition and anthropometric measures. Clinicians should be aware of the possible effects of poverty and lack of access to food on child health and nutrition status. The long-term effects of these are not vet known. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA ARS, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Casey, PH (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, 800 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 56 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 155 IS 4 BP 508 EP 514 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 419VH UT WOS:000167969100013 PM 11296080 ER PT J AU Veeraraghavan, P Daugherty, A Kurowska, EM Manthey, JA Whitman, SC AF Veeraraghavan, P Daugherty, A Kurowska, EM Manthey, JA Whitman, SC TI Metabolism of acetylated LDL by mouse peritoneal and J774 macrophages is inhibited by the citrus flavonoid nobiletin SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kentucky, Div Cardiovasc Med, Gill Heart Inst, Lexington, KY USA. KGK Synergize Inc, London, ON, Canada. USDA, ARS, Winter Haven, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 MA 33 BP 646 EP 646 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 424WZ UT WOS:000168258100060 ER PT J AU Brousseau, ME Goldkamp, AL Collins, D Connelly, A Ordovas, JM Hayden, MR Robins, SJ Rubins, HB Schaefer, EJ AF Brousseau, ME Goldkamp, AL Collins, D Connelly, A Ordovas, JM Hayden, MR Robins, SJ Rubins, HB Schaefer, EJ TI Common variants in the lipoprotein lipase gene play a significant role in the pathogenesis of HDL-C deficiency in men with coronary heart disease SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. VA HIT, W Haven, CT USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RI Hayden, Michael/D-8581-2011 OI Hayden, Michael/0000-0001-5159-1419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 MA 168 BP 680 EP 680 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 424WZ UT WOS:000168258100189 ER PT J AU Millar, JS Lichtenstein, AH Ordovas, JM Dolnikowski, CG Schaefer, EJ AF Millar, JS Lichtenstein, AH Ordovas, JM Dolnikowski, CG Schaefer, EJ TI Human triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apo E kinetics and its relationship to LDL apo B-100 metabolism SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE lipoprotein apo E; kinetics; apo B-100 metabolism ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E METABOLISM; VERY-LOW-DENSITY; HUMAN-BLOOD-PLASMA; CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS; TRANSGENIC MICE; BINDING; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; OVEREXPRESSION; PROTEOGLYCANS AB Apolipoprotein (apo) E is a multifunctional protein that can act as a ligand for lipoprotein receptors. The receptor-mediated clearance of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) chylomicrons and VLDL from plasma is, in part, dependent on apo E. Enrichment of VLDL with apo E is thought to enhance receptor-mediated clearance of VLDL resulting in a low rate of conversion of VLDL to LDL. However. the kinetic mechanism controlling the concentration of apo E in VLDL is not known. We conducted kinetic studies on apo E in the TRL fraction (d < 1,006 g/ml) and apo B-100 in the TRL acid LDL (d = 1.019-1.063 g/ml) fractions to assess the kinetic determinants of apo E concentration in TRL and to determine the effects that TRL apo E production and clearance rates have on the production rate of LDL apo B-100. Nineteen males between the ages of 24 and 73 underwent a primed-constant infusion with deuterated leucine tracer in the constantly-fed state. Apo B-LOO from TRL and LDL, and apo E from TRL were isolated and their tracer incorporation measured by gas chromatography;mass spectrometry. The residence time and production rates of each protein were determined from the kinetic data using, the SAAM II modeling program. The residence time and production rate of TRL apo E were about one-half that of TRL apo B-100 (1.8 1.0 vs. 2.9 +/- 2.1 h and 14.5 +/- 11.0 vs. 27.6 +/- 17.3 mg/kg per day, respectively). The production rate of TRL apo E was weakly correlated with the production rate of TRL apo B-100 (r = 0.324, P = 0.07). Multiple regression analysis showed that the residence time of TRL apo B-100 and the relative TRL apo E production rate (relative to the TRL apo B100 production rate) were negatively associated with LDL apo B-100 production rate, accounting for 68% of its variability. We conclude that (1) the concentration of apo E in TRL is highly correlated to its production rate, suggesting that production rate regulates the TRL apo E concentration. and (2) individuals with a relatively short TRL apo B-100 residence time and those producing TRL with a relatively low apo E content have: the highest LDL apo B-100 production rates. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD APR PY 2001 VL 155 IS 2 BP 477 EP 485 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00589-X PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 415KD UT WOS:000167719800025 PM 11254920 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Beck, JR Perdue, ML Beard, CW AF Swayne, DE Beck, JR Perdue, ML Beard, CW TI Efficacy of vaccines in chickens against highly pathogenic Hong Kong H5N1 avian influenza SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; avian influenza virus; influenza; vaccine; chickens; recombinant vaccine; biotechnology; highly pathogenic; Hong Kong influenza ID VIRUS; DISEASE; HEMAGGLUTININ; HUMANS; PROTECTION; FEATURES AB In 1997, highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) caused infections in poultry in Hong Kong and crossed into humans, resulting in a limited number of infections including 18 hospitalized cases and six associated deaths. The unique ability of this, AIV to infect both poultry and people raised a concern for the potential of humans to be biological as well as mechanical vectors of this AIV to poultry. The current study was undertaken to determine if existing vaccines and their technologies could be used during an outbreak ro protect poultry. Commercial and experimental inactivated whole H5 AIV and baculovirus-expressed AIV H5 hemagglutinin protein vaccines provided protection from clinical signs and death in chickens after lethal challenge by human-origin HP H5N1 Hong Kong strains 156/97 and 483/97. The commercial and experimental inactivated vaccines had mean protective doses ranging from 0.25 to 0.89, which represents the milligrams of viral protein in the vaccines that provided protection from death in half of the birds. Furthermore, the vaccines reduced the ability of the challenge AIV to replicate in chickens and decreased the recovery of challenge AIV from the enteric and respiratory tracts, but the use of a vaccine will not totally prevent AI virus replication and shedding. Existing vaccines will protect poultry from mortality and reduce virus replication from the new HP AIV strain that can infect both poultry and humans. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 25 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 2 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.2307/1592975 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 442EF UT WOS:000169271700009 PM 11417815 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Holt, PS TI The relationship between the magnitude of the specific antibody response to experimental Salmonella enteritidis infection in laying hens and their production of contaminated eggs SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; chickens; eggs; antibodies; serology ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEROLOGICAL DETECTION; POULTRY FLOCKS; CHICKEN FLOCKS; PHAGE TYPE-4; GM FLAGELLIN; ELISA; OUTBREAKS AB Detecting infected laying flocks is a vital part of many efforts to control egg-associated transmission of Salmonella enteritidis to humans. The relationship between the development of a specific antibody response in infected hens and the deposition of S. enteritidis in eggs is important for establishing the epidemiologic relevance of serologic testing methods. In two trials, laying hens were infected with large oral doses of phage types 13a and 14b isolates of S. enteritidis. Approximately 38% of all infected hens produced at least one contaminated egg, at an overall incidence of 5.2%, between 3 and 23 days postinoculation. As determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an S. enteritidis flagellar antigen, 91.7% of inoculated hens produced specific serum antibodies. Although hens with very high antibody titers were associated with a significantly elevated frequency of egg contamination, a consistently direct relationship was not evident between the magnitude of the antibody responses of individual hens and the frequency at which they laid contaminated eggs. Accordingly, although serologic tests can be valuable screening tools for preliminary detection of S. enteritidis infections in poultry the magnitude of the antibody responses detected in individual hens may not predict the overall risk of egg contamination associated with particular laying flocks. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 2 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.2307/1592982 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 442EF UT WOS:000169271700016 PM 11417822 ER PT J AU King, DJ AF King, DJ TI Selection of thermostable Newcastle disease virus progeny from reference and vaccine strains SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antigenic variants; avian paramyxovirus; chicken; hemagglutinin thermoscability; Newcastle disease; vaccine ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB In a study of low-virulence Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from poultry, 38% of the isolates had a more thermostable hemagglutinin than the lentogenic reference strains B1 and La Sota or live vaccines derived from those strains. Whether those strains with a more thermostable hemagglutinin are truly indigenous or whether they could have originated from vaccines used in the flocks was unknown. Seven monovalent NDV vaccines of B1 or La Sota type and reference B1 and La Sota strains were heat treated at 56 C to select variants more thermostable chan the parent virus. Four thermal treatment cycles were completed, and virus propagated from the second and fourth hear treatments was assayed for changes in thermostability and antigenicity. The hemagglutinin thermostability of all vaccine and reference strain variants increased from the initial less than or equal to 10 min to greater than or equal to 120 min after four treatments. Antigenic changes evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition against NDV monoclonal antibodies identified changes in only the heat-treated La Sota strains. The results demonstrate that the field isolates with a more thermostable hemagglutinin could have been derived by selection from the heterogenous NDV populations in vaccine strains and that minor antigenic changes may be a result of that selection. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP King, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 2 BP 512 EP 516 DI 10.2307/1592997 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 442EF UT WOS:000169271700031 PM 11417837 ER PT J AU Campagnolo, ER Banerjee, M Panigrahy, B Jones, RL AF Campagnolo, ER Banerjee, M Panigrahy, B Jones, RL TI An outbreak of duck viral enteritis (duck plague) in domestic muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domesticus) in Illinois SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material DE duck viral enteritis; duck plague; DVE; Muscovy ducks; DVE epornitic; DVE outbreak; DVE in Illinois ID WATERFOWL; VIRUS AB Duck viral enteritis (DVE) was diagnosed in an outbreak of the disease in a resident population of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domesticus) on a privately owned multispecies game bird production facility in Illinois, where it claimed 625 ducks. This disease condition had not been reported previously in domestic ducks in Illinois. Although other varieties and age groups of domestic waterfowl (i.e., black ducks, rhumen ducks, Pekin ducks, ducklings, and geese) were present on the game bird farm, the morbidity and mortality (100%) in this epornitic was solely limited co adult ducks of the Muscovy lineage. The clinical signs in the affected ducks were lethargy, diarrhea, dehydration, and death within 2-3 hr of onset of symptoms. Gross pathologic changes were nonspecific and included ecchymotic hemorrhage, effusion of fluid and blood within body cavities reflective of an acute systemic infectious disease. Light microscopic findings were necrosis of primarily digestive lining epithelium and variable lymphohistiocytic infiltration within mucosal and serosal connective tissues. Intranuclear inclusions resembling characteristic herpetic (i.e., Cowdry type A) inclusions were observed primarily in the digestive, respiratory and reproductive traces; liver; and spleen. Esophageal candidiasis, bacteriosis, and systemic Pasteurella anatipestifer infections, thought to be concurrent or opportunistic infections, were present in several ducks. DVE virus was demonstrated in infected Muscovy duck embryo fibroblast cells by direct DVE virus-specific fluorescent antibody staining. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. Illinois Dept Agr, Anim Dis Lab, Centralia, IL 62801 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Campagnolo, ER (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, 2815 Old Jacksonville Rd,Suite 104, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 2 BP 522 EP 528 DI 10.2307/1592999 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 442EF UT WOS:000169271700033 PM 11417839 ER PT J AU Dise, NB Verry, ES AF Dise, NB Verry, ES TI Suppression of peatland methane emission by cumulative sulfate deposition in simulated acid rain SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acid deposition; greenhouse effect; methane; sulfate; wetlands ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST SOILS; DENITRIFICATION; INHIBITION; MINNESOTA; OXIDATION; UPLAND; OXIDE AB This field manipulation study tested the effect of weekly pulses of solutions of NH4NO3 and (NH4)(2)SO4 salts on the evolution of CH4 and N2O from peatland soils. Methane and nitrous oxide emission from a nutrient-poor fen in northern Minnesota USA was measured over a full growing season from plots receiving weekly additions of NH4NO3 or (NH4)(2)SO4. At this relatively pristine site, natural additions of N and S in precipitation occur at 8 and 5 kg ha(-1) y(-1), respectively. Nine weekly additions of the dissolved salts were made to increase this to a total deposition of 31 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) on the NH4NO3-amended plots and 30 and 29 kg ha(-1) y(-1) of N and S, respectively, in the (NH4)(2)SO4-amended plots. Methane flux was measured weekly from treatment and control plots and all data comparisons are made on plots measured on the same day. After the onset of the treatments, and over the course of the growing season, CH4 emission from the (NH4)(2)SO4-amended plots averaged 163 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1), significantly lower than the same-day control plot mean of 259 mg CH4 m(-)2 d(-)1 (repeated measures ANOVA). Total CH4 flux from (NH4)(2)SO4 treatment plots was one third lower than from control plots, at 11.7 and 17.1 g CH4 m(-2), respectively. Methane emission from the NH4NO3-amended plots (mean of 256 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1)) was not significantly different from that of controls measured on the same day (mean of 225 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1)). Total CH4 flux from NH4NO3 treatment plots and same-day controls was 16.9 and 15.1 g CH4 m(-)2, respectively. In general, stable, relatively warm and wet periods followed by environmental 'triggers' such as rainfall or changes in water table or atmospheric pressure, which produced a CH4 'pulse' in the other plots, produced no observable peak in CH4 emission from the (NH4)(2)SO4-amended plots. Nitrous oxide emission from all of the plots was below the detection limit over the course of the experiment. C1 Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Dise, NB (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 NR 38 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2001 VL 53 IS 2 BP 143 EP 160 DI 10.1023/A:1010774610050 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 418YE UT WOS:000167922000002 ER PT J AU Gomez, RM Berria, MI Levander, OA AF Gomez, RM Berria, MI Levander, OA TI Host selenium status selectively influences susceptibility to experimental viral myocarditis SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE enterovirus; myocarditis; viral infection; selenium; Keshan disease ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DEFICIENT MICE; COXSACKIEVIRUS B3; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS; VIRUS; RNA; EVOLUTION; VIRULENT AB The purpose of the present work was to determine whether dietary selenium (Se) deficiency could influence the injurious effect of human viruses other than Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) on mouse heart. Weanling C3H/HeN mice were fed a Se-deficient or Se-adequate diet for 4 wk and then were inoculated intraperitoneally with one of the following viruses: Coxsackie virus B1 (CVB1), echovirus 9 (EV9), Coxsackie virus A9 (CVA9), or herpes simplex 1 (HSV1). Polio virus 1 (PV1) was employed as a negative control. Prior to inoculation, mean serum Se levels were 430 versus 61 ng/ml in adequate versus deficient mice, respectively. Ten days later, hearts were removed and processed by routine histological procedures. Cardiac lesions were scored according to the number and size of myocarditic foci. Significantly greater heart damage resulting from CVB1 and EV9 was observed in Se-deficient than in Se-adequate mice, and the Se status had no influence on CVA9-induced myocarditis. In contrast, heart damage caused by HSV1 was significantly milder in Se-deficient than in Se-adequate mice. Therefore, it may be concluded that the Se status of the murine host selectively influences the degree of viral-induced myocarditic lesions. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, RA-1427 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Levander, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1385/BTER:80:1:23 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 433BJ UT WOS:000168735200003 PM 11393307 ER PT J AU Purakayastha, TJ Chhonkar, PK AF Purakayastha, TJ Chhonkar, PK TI Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum L.) on mobilization of zinc in wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Glomus etunicatum; rice; zinc; zinc sulphate ID NURSERY INOCULATION; CALCAREOUS SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHOSPHORUS; NUTRITION; GROWTH; SELECTION; COLONIZATION; RHIZOSPHERE; NUTRIENTS AB In a greenhouse trial, rice (Oryza sativn L.) cultivar Pusa Basmati-1 was grown in a Zn-deficient Typic Ustochrept soil from IARI farm, New Delhi, India. The experimental design included two rates of inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF), Glomus etunicatum (nil and inoculated) and different combinations of organic (farmyard manure, FYM) and inorganic (NPK, ZnSO4) fertilizers. The results revealed that a high intensity of root colonization in rice inoculated with G. etunicatum could be achieved by raising seedlings in P- and Zn-deficient soil in the nursery under aerobic conditions. Moreover, the VAMF that infected rice seedlings in the nursery also survived when the same seedlings were transplanted into pots under waterlogged conditions. The application of ZnSO4 signifi cantly increased the inflow of Zn to rice roots at the panicle-initiation stage (40 days after transplanting) relative to NPK. The former treatment also increased root length, root weight, root volume and total uptake of Zn and thereby increased the grain and dry matter yields. Alternatively, these variables were substantially enhanced by inoculating rice with the VAMF, G. etunicatum. The VAMF-colonized rice plants were more active in acquiring Zn from either added or native sources than non-colonized plants, and consequently the available-Zn content in soil was lower after the harvest of rice. C1 Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Soil Sci & Agr Chen, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Purakayastha, TJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 221 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD APR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s003740000330 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 427CM UT WOS:000168387300008 ER PT J AU Iniguez-Covarrubias, G Diaz-Teres, R Sanjuan-Duenas, R Anzaldo-Hernandez, J Rowell, RM AF Iniguez-Covarrubias, G Diaz-Teres, R Sanjuan-Duenas, R Anzaldo-Hernandez, J Rowell, RM TI Utilization of by-products from the tequila industry. Part 2: potential value of Agave tequilana Weber azul leaves SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agave plant; agave leaves; nonwood fiber pulp; tequila by-products; agave paper properties AB The leaves of the agave plant are left in the field after harvesting the heads for tequila production. Different types of agave leaves were isolated, classified, and their content in the total plant determined. The usable fractions were collected and their properties determined. Of the total wet weight of the agave plant, 54% corresponds to the agave head, 32% corresponds to materials which could be usable for sugar and fiber production which leaves 14% of the wet plant without apparent utility. The fractions with higher total reducing sugars (TRS) content were the fresh fraction of partially dry leaves stuck to the head and the leaf bases with a TRS content of 16.1% and 13.1%, respectively. The highest TRS concentration (16-28%) is in the agave head which is used for tequila production. The leaves are 90-120 cm long and 8-12 cm wide and contain fiber bundles that are 23-52 cm long and 0.6-13 mm wide. The ultimate fiber length is approximately 1.6 mm with an average width of 25 mum. There are several types of leaf fibers that can be utilized depending on what part of the plant they come from and what product is desired. Agave leaf fibers were pulped using a soda pulping process and the pulp was hand formed into test sheets. Test sheets made from pulped agave leaf fibers had a breaking length comparable to paper made from both pine and eucalyptus fibers, but the tear index and burst index were lower than the other two papers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Guadalajara, Dept Madera Celulosa & Papel, Guadalajara 45020, Jalisco, Mexico. Univ Panamer, Escuela Ing Ind, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Iniguez-Covarrubias, G (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Dept Madera Celulosa & Papel, Km 15-5 Carretera Guadalajara Nogales,Postal 51-9, Guadalajara 45020, Jalisco, Mexico. NR 19 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 77 IS 2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00167-X PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 399YK UT WOS:000166841700001 PM 11272015 ER PT J AU Newton, B AF Newton, B TI Environmental education and outreach: Experiences of a federal agency SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Newton, B (reprint author), USDA, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Portland, OR 97204 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 51 IS 4 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0297:EEAOEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 436XA UT WOS:000168960100012 ER PT J AU Roads, JO Chen, SC Fujioka, F AF Roads, JO Chen, SC Fujioka, F TI ECPC's weekly to seasonal global forecasts SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; REANALYSIS; SURFACE; IMPACT; SYSTEM; SKILL AB The Scripps Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC) has been making experimental, near-real-time seasonal global forecasts since 26 September 1997 with the NCEP global spectral model used for the reanalysis. Images of these forecasts, at daily to seasonal timescales, are provided on the World Wide Web and digital forecast products are provided on the ECPC anonymous FTP site to interested researchers. These forecasts are increasingly being used to drive regional models at the ECPC and elsewhere as well as various application models. The purpose of this paper is to describe the forecast and analysis system, various biases and errors in the forecasts, as well as the significant skill of the forecasts. Forecast near-surface meteorological parameters, including temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, relative humidity, wind speed, and a fire weather index (a nonlinear combination of temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) are skillful at weekly to seasonal timescales over much of the United States and for many global regions. These experimental results suggest there is substantial forecast skill, out to at least a season, to be realized from current dynamical models. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Expt Climate Predict Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Forest Serv, Riverside Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Roads, JO (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Expt Climate Predict Ctr, 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 82 IS 4 BP 639 EP 658 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0639:EWTSGF>2.3.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 419KF UT WOS:000167947300006 ER PT J AU Adams, SB Frissell, CA AF Adams, SB Frissell, CA TI Thermal habitat use and evidence of seasonal migration by rocky mountain tailed frogs, Ascaphus montanus, in Montana SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Ascaphus montanus; Tailed Frog; amphibian; water temperature; thermal complexity; habitat; movements; migration; behavior ID TRUEI; MOVEMENT; GROWTH AB All life stages of Rocky Mountain Tailed Frogs (Ascaphus montanus) occurred in a reach of Moore Creek, Montana, where water temperatures exceeded those previously reported for Ascaphus in the wild. However, relative density of Ascaphus in the warmest reach, immediately downstream of a lake outlet, was lower than in cooler reaches downstream. Although we observed larvae and frogs in water temperatures up to 21 degreesC, cold groundwater seeps contributed to a spatially complex thermal structure in the warmest stream reach. Frogs congregating near a cold seep and nesting in a groundwater-influenced site were likely using behavioral thermoregulation. At a stream weir in the warmest reach, we captured 32 Tailed Frogs moving downstream and none upstream, in September and October 1997. Because no migration was evident at five other weirs where summer water temperatures remained below 16 degreesC, we propose that the frogs moving through upper Moore Creek migrated seasonally to avoid the high temperatures. The mature frogs may spend summers in the small, cold lake inlet streams, moving downstream in the fall to overwinter. Behavioral studies would be necessary to determine the extent to which individuals limit their overall thermal exposure in such spatially complex environments. Migration in response to local, seasonally changing habitat suitability could explain the diverse, and apparently contradictory, movement patterns (or lack thereof) among Ascaphus populations reported in the literature. Future studies of Ascaphus movements could benefit by accounting for seasonal changes in habitat suitability and by quantifying in-stream movements. C1 Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Adams, SB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 115 IS 2 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 505LD UT WOS:000172913500010 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Ortega, YK AF Pearson, DE Ortega, YK TI Evidence of an indirect dispersal pathway for Spotted Knapweed, Centaurea maculosa, seeds, via Deer Mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, and Great Horned Owls, Bubo virginianus SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Centaurea maculosa; Spotted Knapweed; Peromyscus maniculatus; Deer Mouse; Great Horned Owl; Bubo virginianus; exotic plants; seed dispersal AB Spotted Kriapweed (Centaurea maculosa) seeds were found in the pellets of Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus). That apparently resulted from owls preying upon Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) which had incidentally consumed knapweed seeds while foraging for the larvae of biological control agents within knapweed seedheads. Successful germination of 1% of the seeds shows that knapweed seeds recovered from owls pellets can be liable after being ingested by both species and suggest that Great Horned Owls can act as indirect dispersers of Spotted Knapweed seeds. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 115 IS 2 BP 354 EP 354 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 505LD UT WOS:000172913500026 ER PT J AU Gende, SM Womble, JN Willson, MF Marston, BH AF Gende, SM Womble, JN Willson, MF Marston, BH TI Cooperative foraging by Steller Sea Lions, Eumetopias jubatus SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Steller Sea Lion; Eumetopias jubatus; Eulachon; Thaleichthyes pacificus; Herring; cooperative foraging; southeast Alaska AB Steller Sea Lions were observed cooperatively foraging for Eulachon (Thaleichthyes pacificus) and possibly Herring (Clupea pallasi) in Berners Bay, southeast Alaska in spring, 1996-1999. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacif NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Gende, SM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacif NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 115 IS 2 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 505LD UT WOS:000172913500027 ER PT J AU Cease, KR Juzwik, J AF Cease, KR Juzwik, J TI Predominant nitidulid species (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) associated with spring oak wilt mats in Minnesota SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; STONE FRUIT ORCHARDS; CERATOCYSTIS-FAGACEARUM; PICEAE; CARPOPHILUS; VOLATILES AB Nitidulids are primary vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt, in the north-central United States. Species of adult nitidulids associated with different ages of oak wilt fungus mats on red oaks (Quercus rubra L. and Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill) during spring in east-central Minnesota were determined. The exoskeletal surfaces of representative specimens were assayed for the presence and abundance of the pathogen. Six species comprised 94% of 2542 adults, representing at least 12 species, collected between 1994 and 1996. Of these six species, Colopterus truncatus Randall and Epuraea corticina Erichson were the most abundant ones on immature mats (94% of 154 nitidulids). They were also more abundant than the other species on mature mats (77% of 868 nitidulids). Carpophilus sayi Parsons was the most common species (28% of 1134 nitidulids) on aging mats, while Carpophilus sayi and three Glischrochilus species (Glischrochilus sanguinolentus (Oliv.), Glischrochilus fasciatus (Oliv.), and Glischrochilus quadrisignatus Say) were predominant on declining mats (80% of 214 nitidulids). Multiple numbers of individuals of each species were commonly found on the mats. The smaller bodied species, C. truncatus and E. corticina, had the lowest numbers of fungal propagules on their bodies, while the highest incidence and numbers of viable propagules were found for the three largest bodied species (Glischrochilus spp.). These results are important to elucidating the principal nitidulid species involved in successful transmission of the pathogen in Minnesota. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Juzwik, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 4 BP 635 EP 643 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 423JJ UT WOS:000168172800009 ER PT J AU Cutlip, RC Miller, JM Hamir, AN Peters, J Robinson, MM Jenny, AL Lehmkuhl, HD Taylor, WD Bisplinghoff, FD AF Cutlip, RC Miller, JM Hamir, AN Peters, J Robinson, MM Jenny, AL Lehmkuhl, HD Taylor, WD Bisplinghoff, FD TI Resistance of cattle to scrapie by the oral route SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB Early epidemiological information indicated that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) originated from scrapie in sheep. The question arose if scrapie in North America would induce a BSE-like disease in cattle. Six years ago, we reported that brain tissue from sheep with scrapie caused a neurologic disease when injected directly into the brains of cattle, but the disease induced was different from BSE as it occurs in the United Kingdom and Europe. Here, we report that cattle fed raw brain or meat and bone meal and tallow prepared from sheep with scrapie remained normal for 8 years after exposure. This work indicates that cattle are highly resistant to North American scrapie by the oral route. C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Serv, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US FDA, Div Human Food Safety HFV150, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Vet Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cutlip, RC (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Rd,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 428XW UT WOS:000168487800008 PM 11346258 ER PT J AU Nelson, DR AF Nelson, DR TI Discovery of novel trimethylalkanes in the internal hydrocarbons of developing pupae of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl-branched hydrocarbons; cuticular hydrocarbons; internal hydrocarbons; lepidoptera; pupae; Heliothis virescens; Helicoverpa zea ID METHYL-BRANCHED ALCOHOLS; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CABBAGE-LOOPER; ACETATE ESTERS; RETICULITERMES ISOPTERA; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOBACCO HORNWORM AB Novel trimethyl-branched alkanes which eluted with the monomethylalkanes were identified in the internal lipids of Helicoverpa zea but were not present in Heliothis virescens. Their structures were unique in that the first methyl branch occurred on carbon 2 and the 2nd and 3rd methyl branch points were separated by a single methylene. Novel trimethylalkanes identified from their chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectra were 2,18,20-trimethyltetratriacontane, 2,18,20-trimethylhexatriacontane, and 2,24,26-trimethyldotetracontane. Previous reports did not find these trimethylalkanes in the cuticular surface lipids of larvae, pupae or adults of either species. The internal pupal hydrocarbons of H. virescens and H. zea amounted to 123 mug and 304 mug per pupa, respectively. They consisted of n-alkanes (8 and 4%, respectively) and methyl-branched alkanes (88 and 94%, respectively). The n-alkanes ranged in chain length from approximately 21 to 35 carbons and the methyl-branched alkanes from approximately 26 to 55 carbons vs. methyl-branched alkanes from 28 to 37 carbons previously reported for hydrocarbons from the pupal cuticular surface. The major n-alkane was heptacosane (3.3 and 1.2%, respectively, in H. virescens and H. zea). The major methyl-branched alkanes in H. virescens were methylhentriacontane (15%), methyltritriacontane (12%) and dimethyltritriacontane (10%), and in H. zea were methylnonacosane (17%), dimethylnonacosane (9%) and methylhentriacontane (20%). Except for the novel trimethylalkanes, the methylalkane branch points were predominantly on odd-numbered carbons as has been reported for these and other species. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Nelson, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 128 IS 4 BP 647 EP 659 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(00)00336-5 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 422UT UT WOS:000168138200004 PM 11290446 ER PT J AU Kuzina, LV Peloquin, JJ Vacek, DC Miler, TA AF Kuzina, LV Peloquin, JJ Vacek, DC Miler, TA TI Isolation and identification of bacteria associated with adult laboratory Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; FLY DIPTERA; ATTRACTION; RESISTANCE; QUEENSLAND; FOOD AB From the guts of new and old colonies (female and male) of Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), we identified a total of 18 different bacterial species belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Micrococcaceae, Deinococcacea, Bacillaceae, and the genus Listeria. Enterobacter, Providencia, Serratia, and Staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated genera, with Citrobacter; Streptococcus, Aerococcus, and Listeria found less frequently. We found Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter sakazakii, Providencia stuartii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa only in the new colony, Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae only in the old colony. We also studied resistance/sensitivity to 12 antibiotics for six bacterial isolates such as Enterobacter cloacae, E. sakazakii, K. pneumoniae spp., Providencia rettgeri, P. aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus. Isolates on the whole were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin (five of six isolates) and sensitive to rifampin and streptomycin (six of six isolates). Antibiotic resistance profiles might be useful characteristics for distinguishing among species and strains of these bacteria, probably having ecological significance with respect to intra- and inter-specific competition within host cadavers, and could have implications for the utility of these organisms for biological control, including the alternative control strategy, paratransgenesis. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, APHIS, Mission Plant Protect Ctr, Mission, TX 78573 USA. RP Kuzina, LV (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Miller, Thomas/F-7512-2012 NR 38 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s002840110219 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 406CG UT WOS:000167196900011 PM 11178731 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JC AF Fletcher, JC TI The ULTRAPETALA gene controls shoot and floral meristem size in Arabidopsis SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE ULTRAPETALA (ULT); shoot apical meristem; organ number; Arabidopsis thaliana ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; APICAL MERISTEM; PERIANTHIA GENE; ORGAN NUMBER; WIGGUM GENE; CELL FATE; CLAVATA1; PROTEIN; THALIANA AB The regulation of proper shoot and floral meristem size during plant development is mediated by a complex interaction of stem cell promoting and restricting factors. The phenotypic effects of mutations in the ULTRAPETALA gene, which is required to control shoot and floral meristem cell accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana, are described. ultrapetala flowers contain more floral organs and whorls than wild-type plants, phenotypes that correlate with an increase in floral meristem size preceding organ initiation. ultrapetala plants also produce more floral meristems than wild-type plants, correlating with an increase in inflorescence meristem size without visible fasciation. Expression analysis indicates that ULTRAPETALA controls meristem cell accumulation partly by limiting the domain of CLAVATA1 expression. Genetic studies show that ULTRAPETALA acts independently of ERA1, but has overlapping functions with PERIANTHIA and the CLAVATA signal transduction pathway in controlling shoot and floral meristem size and meristem determinacy. Thus ULTRAPETALA defines a novel locus that restricts meristem cell accumulation in Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 35 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD APR PY 2001 VL 128 IS 8 BP 1323 EP 1333 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 429CR UT WOS:000168498900010 PM 11262233 ER PT J AU Solano-Aguilar, GI Vengroski, KG Beshah, E Douglass, LW Lunney, JK AF Solano-Aguilar, GI Vengroski, KG Beshah, E Douglass, LW Lunney, JK TI Characterization of lymphocyte subsets from mucosal tissues in neonatal swine SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonatal swine; mucosal tissue; lymphocyte subsets ID INTESTINAL LAMINA PROPRIA; PORCINE PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; ILEAL PEYERS-PATCHES; T-CELL POPULATIONS; INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CD WORKSHOP; ANATOMICAL BASIS; B-LYMPHOCYTE AB Monitoring differences in lymphocytes during neonatal development constitutes a key to understanding the developing piglet's natural and pathological immune responses. A survey was conducted to accumulate information on the phenotype of lymphocytes isolated from blood, lymph nodes, and lymphoid associated structures of the pig small intestine of conventional pigs from day 1 to 47 of age and inbred miniature pigs between 12 and 82 days. The effect of weaning, and age before and after weaning, were also evaluated. Weaning had a significant effect on the number of CD4(+): CD8(+), double positive CD4(+)/CD8(+), CD21(+), delta gamma TCR+, SWC3(+) and SLA-DQ(+) cells. Aging of the pig before and after weaning resulted in significant changes in lymphocytes isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes and ileal sites. These results constitute an important baseline for studying mucosal immune response of neonatal pigs and identifying factors that influence the ability of the neonate to respond to the stresses and antigenic exposure associated with weaning. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, LPSI, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Biometr Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Solano-Aguilar, GI (reprint author), USDA ARS, LPSI, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Bldg 1040,Rm 107, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 25 IS 3 BP 245 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0145-305X(00)00053-7 PG 19 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 415TU UT WOS:000167739700007 PM 11164889 ER PT J AU Cane, JH Schiffhauer, D AF Cane, JH Schiffhauer, D TI Pollinator genetics and pollination: do honey bee colonies selected for pollen-hoarding field better pollinators of cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon? SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis; Apoidea; bees; behavioural genetics; cranberry; foraging; pollination efficiency; pollinator; Vaccinium ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; NECTAR PRODUCTION; HYMENOPTERA; POLYMORPHISM; LEPIDOPTERA; COLLECTION; COMPONENTS; FERTILITY; APIDAE AB 1. Genetic polymorphisms of flowering plants can influence pollinator foraging but it is not known whether heritable foraging polymorphisms of pollinators influence their pollination efficacies. Honey bees Apis mellifera L. visit cranberry flowers for nectar but rarely for pollen when alternative preferred flowers grow nearby. 2. Cranberry flowers visited once by pollen-foraging honey bees received fourfold more stigmatic pollen than flowers visited by mere nectar-foragers (excluding nectar thieves). Manual greenhouse pollinations with fixed numbers of pollen tetrads (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32) achieved maximal fruit set with just eight pollen tetrads. Pollen-foraging honey bees yielded a calculated 63% more berries than equal numbers of non-thieving nectar-foragers, even though both classes of forager made stigmatic contact. 3. Colonies headed by queens of a pollen-hoarding genotype fielded significantly more pollen-foraging trips than standard commercial genotypes, as did hives fitted with permanently engaged pollen traps or colonies containing more larvae. Pollen-hoarding colonies together brought back twice as many cranberry pollen loads as control colonies, which was marginally significant despite marked daily variation in the proportion of collected pollen that was cranberry. 4. Caloric supplementation of matched, paired colonies failed to enhance pollen foraging despite the meagre nectar yields of individual cranberry flowers. 5. Heritable behavioural polymorphisms of the honey bee, such as pollen-hoarding, can enhance fruit and seed set by a floral host (e.g. cranberry), but only if more preferred pollen hosts are absent or rare. Otherwise, honey bees' broad polylecty, flight range, and daily idiosyncrasies in floral fidelity will obscure specific pollen-foraging differences at a given floral host, even among paired colonies in a seemingly uniform agricultural setting. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Blueberry Cranberry Res Ctr, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00309.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 424WB UT WOS:000168256000002 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, G Seastedt, TR AF Gonzalez, G Seastedt, TR TI Soil fauna and plant litter decomposition in tropical and subalpine forests SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cecropia scheberiana; dry tropics; invertebrates; litter decomposition; naphthalene; Quercus gambelii; soil fauna; subalpine; wet tropics ID LEAF-LITTER; LIGNIN CONTROL; NITROGEN IMMOBILIZATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SUBSTRATE QUALITY; FRONT RANGE; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; MODEL; CO2 AB The decomposition of plant residues is influenced by their chemical composition, the physical-chemical environment, and the decomposer organisms. Most studies interested in latitudinal gradients of decomposition have focused on substrate quality and climate effects on decomposition, and have excluded explicit recognition of the soil organisms involved in the process. To test whether soil fauna exhibit different effects under diverse climates or substrates, we quantified decomposition rates and N fluxes in control and fauna-excluded treatments with litterbags containing relatively high-quality (Quercus gambelii) and low-quality (Cecropia scheberiana) litter in sites representing large differences in climate as measured by AET (actual evapotranspiration). Two subtropical sites included a wet and a dry forest, and two temperate sites included north- and south-facing subalpine forests. We found that: (1) all three factors (climate, substrate quality, and soil fauna) independently influenced the decomposition rate of plant litter in the tropical and subalpine forests (2) faunal effects on decomposition rates and N mineralization of e. gambelii and C. scheberiana were consistently higher in the tropical wet forest than in the tropical dry and subalpine forests; (3) there was no significant interaction of fauna and litter species on the annual decay rates; and (4) the density (numbers per gram of dry litter) of total fauna was highest in the tropical wet forest, intermediate in the subalpine forests, and lowest in the tropical dry forest. Our results indicate that soil fauna have a disproportionately larger effect on litter decomposition in a tropical wet forest than in a tropical dry or a subalpine forest. The annual decay rates of e. gambelii and C. scheberiana are not influenced differentially by the soil fauna in the tropical and subalpine forests. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Epo Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, IITF, USDA, POB 2500, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 43 TC 148 Z9 176 U1 7 U2 81 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2001 VL 82 IS 4 BP 955 EP 964 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0955:SFAPLD]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 422TJ UT WOS:000168135100005 ER PT J AU Boulinier, T Nichols, JD Hines, JE Sauer, JR Flather, CH Pollock, KH AF Boulinier, T Nichols, JD Hines, JE Sauer, JR Flather, CH Pollock, KH TI Forest fragmentation and bird community dynamics: Inference at regional scales SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; capture-recapture; community dynamics; detectability; forest bird communities; habitat fragmentation; landscape ecology; local extinction rate; species richness; turnover rate ID BREEDING BIRDS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; EXTINCTION; TURNOVER; POPULATIONS; AREA; COLONIZATION AB With increasing fragmentation of natural areas and a dramatic reduction of forest cover in several parts of the world, quantifying the impact of such changes on species richness and community dynamics has been a subject of much concern. Here, we tested whether in more fragmented landscapes there was a lower number of area-sensitive species and higher local extinction and turnover rates, which could explain higher temporal variability in species richness. To investigate such potential landscape effects at a regional scale, we merged two independent, large-scale monitoring efforts: the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and the Land Use and Land Cover Classification data from the U.S. Geological Survey. We used methods that accounted for heterogeneity in the probability of detecting species to estimate species richness and temporal changes in the bird communities for BBS routes in three mid-Atlantic U.S. states. Forest breeding bird species were grouped prior to the analyses into area-sensitive and non-area-sensitive species according to previous studies. We tested predictions relating measures of forest structure at one point in time (1974) to species richness at that time and to parameters of forest bird community change over the following 22-yr-period (1975-1996). We used the mean size of forest patches to characterize landscape structure, as high correlations among landscape Variables did not allow us to disentangle the relative roles of habitat fragmentation per se and habitat loss. As predicted, together with lower species richness for area-sensitive species on routes surrounded by landscapes with lower mean forest-patch size, we found higher mean year-to-year rates of local extinction. Moreover, the mean year-to-year rates of local turnover (proportion of locally new species) for area-sensitive species were also higher in landscapes with lower mean forest-patch size. These associations were not observed for the non-area-sensitive species group. These results suggest that landscape structure may influence forest bird communities at regional scales through its effects on the total number of species but also on the temporal rates of change in community composition. Evidence for higher rates of local extinction and turnover in more fragmented landscapes suggests that bird communities function as metapopulations at a regional scale, and points out the importance of colonizations and recolonizations from surrounding landscapes to local community dynamics. Further, our results illustrate that the methods used to estimate the community parameters can be a powerful statistical tool in addressing questions relative to the dynamics of communities. C1 Univ Paris 06, Ecol Lab, CNRS, UMR 7625, F-75252 Paris, France. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Inst Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Boulinier, T (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Ecol Lab, CNRS, UMR 7625, 7 Quai St Bernard, F-75252 Paris, France. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012; OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126; Boulinier, Thierry/0000-0002-5898-7667 NR 57 TC 126 Z9 134 U1 6 U2 68 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2001 VL 82 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1169 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1159:FFABCD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 422TJ UT WOS:000168135100021 ER PT J AU Bachelet, D Neilson, RP Lenihan, JM Drapek, RJ AF Bachelet, D Neilson, RP Lenihan, JM Drapek, RJ TI Climate change effects on vegetation distribution and carbon budget in the United States SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE global climate change; simulation model; biogeography; carbon budget; MAPSS; MC1 ID BIOSPHERE; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; DROUGHT; BALANCE; SINK; NPP AB The Kyoto protocol has focused the attention of the public and policymarkers on the earth's carbon (C) budget. Previous estimates of the impacts of vegetation change have been limited to equilibrium "snapshots" that could not capture nonlinear or threshold effects along the trajectory of change. New models have been designed to complement equilibrium models and simulate vegetation succession through time while estimating variability in the C budget and responses to episodic events such as drought and fire. In addition, a plethora of future climate scenarios has been used to produce a bewildering variety of simulated ecological responses. Our objectives were to use an equilibrium model (Mapped Atmosphere-Plant-Soil system, or MAPSS) and a dynamic model (MCl) to (a) simulate changes in potential equilibrium-vegetation distribution under historical conditions and across a wide gradient of future temperature changes to look for consistencies and trends among the many future scenarios, (b) simulate time-dependent changes in vegetation distribution and its associated C pools to illustrate the possible trajectories of vegetation change near the high and low ends of the temperature gradient, and (c) analyze the extent of the US area supporting a negative C balance. Both models agree that a moderate increase in temperature produces an increase in vegetation density and carbon sequestration across most of the US with small changes in vegetation types. Large increases in temperature cause losses of C with large shifts in vegetation types. In the western states, particularly southern California, precipitation and thus vegetation density increase and forests expand under all but the hottest scenarios. In the eastern US, particularly the Southeast, forests expand under the more moderate scenarios but decline under more severe climate scenarios, with catastrophic fires potentially causing rapid vegetation conversions from forest to savanna. Both models show that there is a potential for either positive or negative feedbacks to the atmosphere depending on the level of warming in the climate change scenarios. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bachelet, D (reprint author), Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 40 TC 168 Z9 188 U1 6 U2 80 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2001 VL 4 IS 3 BP 164 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10021-001-0002-7 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 438KJ UT WOS:000169052000002 ER PT J AU Iverson, LR Prasad, AM AF Iverson, LR Prasad, AM TI Potential changes in tree species richness and forest community types following climate change SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE climate change; species richness; forest types; GIS; statistical model; eastern United States ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; MODEL; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; PLANTS; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION AB Potential changes in tree species richness and forest community types were evaluated for the eastern United States according to five scenarios of future climate change resulting from a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). DISTRIB, an empirical model that uses a regression tree analysis approach, was used to generate suitable habitat, or potential future distributions, of 80 common tree species for each scenario. The model assumes that the vegetation and climate are in equilibrium with no barriers to species migration. Combinations of the individual species model outcomes allowed estimates of species richness (from among the 80 species) and forest type (from simple rules) for each of 2100 counties in the eastern United States. Average species richness across all counties may increase slightly with climatic change. This increase tends to be larger as the average temperature of the climate change scenario increases. Dramatic changes in the distribution of potential forest types were modeled. All five scenarios project the extirpation of the spruce-fir forest types from New England. Outputs from only the two least severe scenarios retain aspen-birch, and they are largely reduced. Maple-beech-birch also shows a large reduction in area under all scenarios. By contrast, oak-hickory and oak-pine types were modeled to increase by 34% and 290%, respectively, averaged over the five scenarios. Although many assumptions are made, these modeled outcomes substantially agree with a limited number of predictions from researchers using paleoecological data or other models. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 81 TC 117 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 48 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2001 VL 4 IS 3 BP 186 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s10021-001-0003-6 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 438KJ UT WOS:000169052000003 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Funston, RN Moss, GE AF Roberts, AJ Funston, RN Moss, GE TI Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the bovine anterior pituitary SO ENDOCRINE LA English DT Article DE bovine; pituitary; insulin-like growth factor binding proteins; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ID I IGF-I; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; SERUM; RAT; CELLS; EWES; HYPOTHALAMUS; EXPRESSION; ESTRADIOL AB Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) were characterized in bovine anterior pituitary tissue, pituitary conditioned media, and serum collected during the preovulatory and early luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Effects of in vitro treatments of pituitaries with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), estradiol, and progesterone on IGFBP secretion were also evaluated. Predominant IGFBPs detected in anterior pituitary tissue by immunoprecipitation, ligand blotting, and Northern blotting were IGFBP-5 (29 kDa), IGFBP-2 (32 kDa), and IGFBP-3 (36 and 39 kDa doublet). Conditioned culture media contained IGFBP-5, a slightly larger form of IGFBP-2 (33 kDa), the 36- and 39-kDa forms of IGFBP-3, and a more extensively glycosylated form of IGFBP-3 (44 kDa). In serum, IGFBP-5 was not readily detected, and IGFBP-3 (40- and 44-kDa doublet) and IGFBP-2 (34 kDa) were larger than in pituitary tissue. Levels of IGFBP-2, -3, and -5 in pituitary tissue decreased during the preovulatory period and were lowest in the early luteal phase. Treatment with LHRH increased IGFBP-2 levels in media twofold. Estradiol or progesterone did not alter IGFBP secretion in vitro. Predominant IGFBPs produced and released by anterior pituitary tissue were IGFBP-2, -3 and -5. The activity of IGFBPs fluctuates in the pituitary in association with changes in stage of estrous cycle, implicating IGFBPs as potential regulators of gonadotrope function. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Roberts, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0969-711X J9 ENDOCRINE JI Endocrine PD APR PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1385/ENDO:14:3:399 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 442TQ UT WOS:000169301400016 PM 11444438 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL Alexeenko, T Klemintidis, Y Torres, D Lee, AV AF Hadsell, DL Alexeenko, T Klemintidis, Y Torres, D Lee, AV TI Inability of overexpressed des(1-3)human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to inhibit forced mammary gland involution is associated with decreased expression of IGF signaling molecules SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE-1; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3'-KINASE; APOPTOSIS; BINDING; PROTEINS; SURVIVAL AB Overexpression of des(1-3) human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the mammary glands of transgenic mice (WAP-DES) inhibits apoptosis during natural, but not forced, mammary involution. We hypothesized that this differential response would correlate with the expression of IGF signal transducers. Forced and natural involution were analyzed in nontransgenic and WAP-DES mice beginning on day 16 postpartum. During natural involution, mammary gland wet weight was higher and apoptosis was lower in WAP-DES than in nontransgenic mice. The WAP-DES transgene had no effect on these parameters during forced involution. Mammary tissue concentrations of the transgene protein were 2- to 10-fold higher than those of endogenous IGF-I. Western blot analysis of pooled mammary tissue extracts demonstrated only slightly higher phosphorylation of the IGF signal transducers insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt in the WAP-DES than in nontransgenic mice. Dramatic early reductions in phospho-IRS-l, phospho-Akt, IRS-1, IRS-2, and Akt proteins occurred during forced, but not natural, involution. The abundance of the ICF-I receptor and the messenger RNAs for the IGF-I receptors, IRS-1 and -2, were not affected by either genotype or involution. These findings support the conclusions that mammary cells lose their responsiveness to insulin-like signals during forced involution, and that posttranscriptional or posttranslational regulation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 may play a role in this loss. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hadsell, DL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Klimentidis, Yann/B-2348-2015 OI Klimentidis, Yann/0000-0002-6065-4044 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD APR PY 2001 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1479 EP 1488 DI 10.1210/en.142.4.1479 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 417QP UT WOS:000167845900015 PM 11250928 ER PT J AU Bi, JL Ballmer, GR Hendrix, DL Henneberry, TJ Toscano, NC AF Bi, JL Ballmer, GR Hendrix, DL Henneberry, TJ Toscano, NC TI Effect of cotton nitrogen fertilization on Bemisia argentifolii populations and honeydew production SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; whitefly numbers; honeydew production; Gossypium hirsutum; photosynthetic rate; stomatal conductance; sucrose; glucose; fructose; cotton-whitefly interactions ID EXTRAFLORAL NECTARIES; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; PLANT-TISSUES; STICKY COTTON; AMINO-ACIDS; PEA APHID; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; GROWTH; TABACI AB The impact of nitrogen fertilization on cotton plants, Gossypium hirsutum L., silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, population dynamics and honeydew production were investigated in the field at Riverside, California, USA. Treatments were soil applications of 0, 112, 168 and 224 kg nitrogen per hectare, and a soil application of 112 kg of nitrogen plus a foliar application of 17 kg nitrogen per hectare. Increased numbers of both adult and immature whiteflies occurred during population peaks with increasing amounts of applied nitrogen. Higher numbers of whiteflies resulted in increased levels of honeydew. Increasing plant nitrogen also enhanced cotton foliar photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance, and altered concentrations of glucose, fructose and sucrose in cotton petioles. However, at our treatment levels nitrogen had no effect on seedcotton yield. Petiole glucose levels were significantly correlated with numbers of whitefly adults on leaves during their peak populations. Significant correlations between whitefly numbers and other cotton physiological parameters occurred on only a few sampling dates. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Bi, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 45 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00798.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 417WK UT WOS:000167858300003 ER PT J AU Inbar, M Doostdar, H Gerling, D Mayer, RT AF Inbar, M Doostdar, H Gerling, D Mayer, RT TI Induction of systemic acquired resistance in cotton by BTH has a negligible effect on phytophagous insects SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE BTH; cotton; induced resistance; pathogenesis-related; plant defense; systemic acquired resistance; whitefly ID TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; JASMONIC ACID; ARTHROPOD HERBIVORES; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; TOMATO LEAVES; PLANT DEFENSE; SPIDER MITES; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPODOPTERA; VOLATILES AB Whether or not chemical changes in plants in response to pests (insects and pathogens) are general or specific remains unclear. Some evidence indicates that an induced response (IR) to arthropods via the octadecanoid pathway represents a distinct mechanism from the salicylic acid-based pathway of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to pathogens. To further test this hypothesis, young cotton seedlings were activated with benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid (S) methyl ester (BTH), an elicitor of SAR. The enzymatic activities of a number of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in young and old leaves of control and BTH treated plants were measured. BTH applications elicited marked increases in the activity levels of chitinase, peroxidase, and beta -1,3-glucanase both locally and systemically. The highest levels of induction were detected systemically in young leaves. Except for some local effects on whitefly oviposition, the induction of SAR by BTH had no effect on either host preference of whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) or on feeding efficiency of cotton bollworms Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). We conclude that SAR induction via the salicylic acid pathway in 'Acala' cotton has negligible effect on the tested insect herbivores. C1 Univ Haifa Oranim, Dept Biol, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Inbar, M (reprint author), Univ Haifa Oranim, Dept Biol, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00802.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 417WK UT WOS:000167858300007 ER PT J AU Negron, JF Anhold, JA Munson, AS AF Negron, JF Anhold, JA Munson, AS TI Within-stand spatial distribution of tree mortality caused by the Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir beetle; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; bark beetles; disturbance; risk classification model; hazard rating model ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE HOPKINS; PONDEROSA PINE; KENAI PENINSULA; CLASSIFICATION; GEOSTATISTICS; LYMANTRIIDAE; DEFOLIATION; PATTERNS AB The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, causes considerable mortality in Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) France, forests. Within-stand distribution of mortality was examined in affected stands using geostatistical techniques. A 10 x 10 m grid was established in two 4-ha study sites. Live and beetle-killed host basal area was measured at each nude. In a 16-ha stand, a variable-resolution grid was established and the same information collected. The relationship between Douglas-fir basal area and Douglas-fir basal area killed war examined using non-spatially explicit and spatially explicit Linear regression models. A positive linear relationship was observed between the variables. Significant spatially explicit models suggest that the relationship is also true at fine scales. Relative variograms were constructed for Douglas-BI basal area before and after the Douglas-fir beetle outbreaks. For the 4-ha sites, increased spatial dependency in the distribution of Douglas-fir basal area was observed as a result of the Douglas-fir beetle outbreak. For the 16-ha site, kriging was used to estimate live Douglas-fir basal area before and after the outbreak to a 10-m resolution and the stand rated for potential mortality illustrating the potential applicability of geostatistical techniques to rating a stand far potential mortality. Cross-validation analysis indicated that although the potential exists for large estimation errors, the majority of the estimates were within acceptable ranges. The study suggests that geostatistical approaches map be suitable to extend our understanding bark beetle ecology and improving the application of extent of mortality models. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. RP Negron, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-30.2.215 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428AA UT WOS:000168437900008 ER PT J AU French, BW Elliott, NC Berberet, RC Burd, JD AF French, BW Elliott, NC Berberet, RC Burd, JD TI Effects of riparian and grassland habitats on ground beetle (Coleoptera : Carabidae) assemblages in adjacent wheat fields SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; predators; multivariate analysis; boundaries; agroecosystems; dispersal ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; PITFALL TRAPS; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; PREDATORY COLEOPTERA; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ARTHROPODS; EFFICIENCY; ABUNDANCE; SYSTEMS AB Natural habitats surrounding agricultural fields provide a source of natural enemies to assist in pest control. The boundaries among landscape: elements filter some organisms attempting to cross them, resulting in differing communities within the landscape elements, Ground beetles are numerous and generally disperse by walking. These dualities make them excellent organisms for the study of boundary dynamics. Our goal was to determine if natural habitats adjacent to wheat fields affected the species composition of ground beetles within the wheat fields. We captured ground beetles from autumn through spring 1996-1997 at two sites using directional pitfall traps placed in wheat fields and adjacent grasslands and riparian zones. Ground beetle abundance reached two peaks, one in autumn and the other in spring. Species composition was most strongly related to these seasons. Axis 1 of a canonical correspondence analysis separated spring active beetles front autumn active beetles. Axis 2 separated winter active beetles. With the effects of season and sites removed, axes 1 and 2 of a partial canonical correspondence analysis separated beetles with respect to habitat. Axis 1 separated beetles into wheat and natural habitat assemblages. Axis 2 further distinguished assemblages in wheat fields as those adjacent to grasslands and those adjacent to riparian habitats. Axis 2 also separated grassland, grassland edge, and riparian edge assemblages from riparian assemblages. Net dispersal of beetles across the boundaries showed no consistent pattern during autumn, winter, ol spring. However, mark-recapture studies showed that several species routinely cross boundaries, which resulted in different community structures and an increase in abundance of beetles in the wheat interiors during spring. C1 ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, USDA, NPA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, USDA, SPA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, USDA, NPA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-30.2.225 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428AA UT WOS:000168437900009 ER PT J AU Serrano, MS Lapointe, SL Meyerdirk, DE AF Serrano, MS Lapointe, SL Meyerdirk, DE TI Attraction of males by virgin females of the mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Maconellicoccus hirsutus; sex pheromones; invasive pests; quarantine; Caribbean region ID HIBISCUS MEALYBUG; GREEN AB The mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) has extended its range throughout the Caribbean region since it was first detected in Grenada in 1991, and has recently been detected in Southern California, Mexico, and Central America. Laboratory and field experiments using virgin females were conducted on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, to determine if females attract males with pheromones. Virgin females isolated in gelatin capsules attracted on average one male to each capsule over a period of 18 h in the laboratory compared with gelatin capsules without females. Adhesive traps baited with virgin females and placed on hibiscus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.,in the field, captured more males at all three study localities on St. Croix than did unbaited traps. Virgin females attracted more males than controls at 0-10 m from infested hibiscus, but were capable of attracting males at 50 m distance from an infestation. The attractiveness of virgin females to flying males strongly suggests the involvement of a female-produced sex pheromone. Isolation and synthesis of such a sea pheromone would provide a valuable tool for population monitoring and control of this invasive pest. C1 ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Serrano, MS (reprint author), Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-30.2.339 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428AA UT WOS:000168437900024 ER PT J AU Keena, MA Wallner, WE Grinberg, PS Carde, RT AF Keena, MA Wallner, WE Grinberg, PS Carde, RT TI Female flight propensity and capability in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) from Russia, North America, and their reciprocal F-1 hybrids SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; gypsy moth; female flight propensity; hybrids; migration; rhythm ID ASIAN GYPSY MOTHS; TEMPERATURES; AMBIENT AB In the laboratory, the timing of both preflight and night behaviors of the Asian strain of female gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., was regulated primarily by light intensity. The shortest times to initiation of wing fanning and night occurred at 0.1 lux, the lowest light intensity evaluated. A gradual decrease in light intensity, compared with an instantaneous decrease, prolonged time to Eight. The highest percentage of female night was observed at 0.1 lux. A higher percentage of females initiated flight when exposed to lower light intensities after the onset of normal scotophase rather than before scotophase. Virgin females were less likely to fly than mated females. Females fanned their wings longer at lower temperatures and when they were capable of only a gliding Eight. Females that were night-tested the sane day they emerged tended to take longer to initiate flight than those 1-2 d old. At 0.1 lux, the majority of the Asian females, less than 2% of the F-1 hybrid females, and none of the North American females exhibited strong, directed flight. Over half of the F-1 hybrids glided for a few meters while flapping their wings, whereas none of the North American females exhibited even this level of flight. Thus, female night capability will be reduced when flighted and nonflighted forms initially hybridize. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Keena, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-30.2.380 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428AA UT WOS:000168437900029 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Schmitt, JJ AF Brown, MW Schmitt, JJ TI Seasonal and diurnal dynamics of beneficial insect populations in apple orchards under different management intensity SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; diel periodicity; biological control; orchard management; biodiversity ID ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY; TAXONOMIC ISOLATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; PLANT; DIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE; PEACH; RANGE AB Limb jarring samples were taken in four experimental apple orchards (one completely unmanaged; one with horticultural management and no pest management; one with horticultural management, no pest management, and interplanted with peach and sour cherry and one under conventional commercial management practices) at hourly intervals over a 24-h period at four times in 1991. A total of 1,176 individual predators belonging to seven orders and 22 families was collected. The most abundant species was Coniopteryx sp. (Coniopteryigidae: Neuroptera), and the most abundant family was Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), A total of 396 adult parasitoids was collected from 26 families of Hymenoptera and one Diptera family, with Encyrtidae being the most abundant. All other individuals were classified as potential food items and were identified only to order or, in some instances, family. A total of 5,812 potential food items was collected. Diversity of predators and parasitoids was greatest in May and June. Diversity of predators was highest on apple trees that were inter-planted with peach and cherry trees, whereas parasitoid diversity was greatest on peach trees and on insecticide treated apple trees. Chrysopids (Neuroptera), clerids (Coleoptera), and Leptothrips mali (Fitch) (Phlaeothripidae: Thysanoptera) were most commonly collected at dawn or during the night, suggesting that their role in orchards may be underestimated by sampling only during daylight hours. With the exception of Scelionidae and Platygastridae (Hymenoptera), parasitoids were most commonly collected during the night. Results indicate that peach trees are attractive to both predators and parasitoids and therefore may be a valuable addition to apple orchards to enhance the abundance of biological control species. C1 ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 415 EP 424 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-30.2.415 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428AA UT WOS:000168437900034 ER PT J AU Osbrink, WLA Williams, KS Connick, WJ Wright, MS Lax, AR AF Osbrink, WLA Williams, KS Connick, WJ Wright, MS Lax, AR TI Virulence of bacteria associated with the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in New Orleans, LA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; termite; bacteria; fungus; Serratia marcescens; bio-control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLORIDA AB Examination of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, for possible biological control agents revealed the presence of 15 bacteria and one fungus associated with dead termites From New Orleans, LA, USA. All but one of the bacteria species were gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial isolates from dead termites were primarily Serratia marcescens Bizio that caused septicemia in C. formosanus and also appeared to contain proteolytic enzymes. Multiple strains of S. marcescens were isolated. Six of the the eight strains of S. marcescens were red, probably not pathogenic in humans, and candidates as biological control agents for C. formosanus. Bacteria isolated from termite substrata included Corynebacterium urealyticum Pitcher, Acinetobacter calcoacet/baumannii/Gen2 (Beijerinck), S. marcescens, and Enterobacter gergoviae Brenner. Some of these bacteria are potential human pathogens. Forced exposure bioassays demonstrated that the T8 strain of S. marcescens killed 100% of C. formosanus by day 19. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Williams, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-30.2.443 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428AA UT WOS:000168437900038 ER PT J AU Connick, WJ Osbrink, WLA Wright, MS Williams, KS Daigle, DJ Boykin, DL Lax, AR AF Connick, WJ Osbrink, WLA Wright, MS Williams, KS Daigle, DJ Boykin, DL Lax, AR TI Increased mortality of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) exposed to eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors and Serratia marcescens (Eubacteriales : Enterobacteriaceae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; Serratia marcescens; immunity; eicosanoid; insect pathology; biocontrol ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES ISOPTERA; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INSECT; LEPIDOPTERA; IMMUNITY AB The biological control of termites may be facilitated if their highly evolved immune systems can be suppressed. Eicosanoids are C20 polyunsaturated acids that are of widespread biochemical importance, including their role in protecting insects from bacterial infection. In laboratory experiments, the eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors dexamethasone, ibuprofen, and ibuprofen sodium salt were each provided along with a red-pigmented isolate of Serratia marcescens Bizio, a bacterial pathogen, to the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, by means of treated filter paper. The increased mortality that resulted with dexamethasone and ibuprofen supported, but alone was insufficient to prove, the hypothesis that the termites' immune systems were suppressed by these compounds, making the insects more vulnerable to infection by S. marcescens. This effect on mortality was noted only at 3.4 X 10(10) colony-forming units per milliliter, a high treatment level. A significant amount of the infection and subsequent mortality may have resulted from direct contact with the bacterium and die remainder from its ingestion. Water-soluble ibuprofen sodium salt demonstrated a protective effect that was unexpected in light of die increased termite mortality observed with the relatively water insoluble, free acid form. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Connick, WJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 41 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-30.2.449 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428AA UT WOS:000168437900039 ER PT J AU Schuett, MA Selin, SW Carr, DS AF Schuett, MA Selin, SW Carr, DS TI Making it work: Keys to successful collaboration in natural resource management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE collaboration; collaborative initiatives; forest service; natural resource management ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; LAND AB This paper explores the positive aspects of collaboration in natural resources, its purpose was to investigate participants' overall attitudes about keys to successful collaboration. The sample for the study consisted of 671 participants involved in 30 collaborative initiatives (Cl) with the Forest Service. Using a mailed questionnaire, this study profiled the collaborative initiatives investigating purpose, problems addressed, groups involved, and years in existence. Respondents were queried on their overall perspectives on keys to successful collaboration. A total of more than 300 comments was collected from respondents and six categories emerged: development, information exchange, organizational support, personal communication, relationships/team building, and accomplishments. Continued research will need to explore the short- and long-term impacts of collaboration in natural resources. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, E Lansing, MI 48223 USA. RP Schuett, MA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 587 EP 593 DI 10.1007/s002670010172 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 403VW UT WOS:000167064000009 PM 11289456 ER PT J AU Chaves, FJ Real, JT Garcia-Garcia, AB Puig, O Ordovas, JM Ascaso, JF Carmena, R Armengod, ME AF Chaves, FJ Real, JT Garcia-Garcia, AB Puig, O Ordovas, JM Ascaso, JF Carmena, R Armengod, ME TI Large rearrangements of the LDL receptor gene and lipid profile in a FH Spanish population SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE familial hypercholesterolemia; large rearrangements; LDL receptor; lipid profile; long PCR ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; HOMOZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; CULTURED HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; PARTIAL DELETIONS; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; REGULATORY ELEMENT; ITALIAN PATIENTS; NORMAL SUBJECT; DNA-SEQUENCES AB Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. To date, there has not been a systematic survey of the frequency of gross mutations in the LDLR gene in the Spanish population. The objective of our study was to investigate large rearrangements in the Spanish FH population and the relation between the kind of large rearrangement and the phenotype in carrier families. Material and methods The LDLR gene was screened to detect major rearrangements in a sample of 89 probands. Southern blot, long polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT) -PCR and DNA sequencing were used to detect and characterize the mutations. Results Five large rearrangements were found in six probands. Two mutations were due to duplications of internal regions of the gene, whereas the rest were caused by partial deletions, which eliminated the promoter region in two cases. The internal rearrangements, two duplications and one deletion, were apparently caused by recombination between ALU sequences and the study of their mRNA indicated that the reading frame was maintained. The analysis of the lipid profile between patients with similar characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, etc.) but carrying mutations that either eliminated the promoter region or produced internal rearrangements showed significant differences (total cholesterol: 366.6 +/- 81.8 vs. 304.6 +/- 25.1 P = 0.023, and LDL cholesterol: 317.7 +/- 65.1 vs. 249.2 +/- 27.4 P = 0.003). Conclusions The frequency of large mutations in a Spanish FH sample was close to 7% and at least four of the mutations found had not been described in other populations. Mutations that eliminate the promoter region originate more severe hypercholesterolemia than defective mutations, which suggests that the absence of the promoter region and transcription of the LDLR gene is worse compensated than the synthesis of a defective LDL receptor. C1 Fdn Valenciana Invest Biomed, Inst Invest Citol, Valencia, Spain. Hosp Clin Univ, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Valencia, Spain. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Armengod, ME (reprint author), Fdn Valenciana Invest Biomed, Inst Invest Citol, Amadeo Saboya 4, Valencia, Spain. EM annengod@ochoa.fib.es RI Armengod, M. Eugenia/A-9609-2014; Armengod, Maria Eugenia/K-6030-2014; OI Armengod, Maria Eugenia/0000-0003-1512-2687; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-2972 EI 1365-2362 J9 EUR J CLIN INVEST JI Eur. J. Clin. Invest. PD APR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 4 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00823.x PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 427WT UT WOS:000168429000005 PM 11298777 ER PT J AU Patterson, KY Veillon, C AF Patterson, KY Veillon, C TI Stable isotopes of minerals as metabolic tracers in human nutrition research SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE stable isotope; mass spectrometry; fractional absorption; apparent absorption; tracer; mineral; metabolism; trace-element nutrition ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RED-BLOOD-CELL; ZINC-ABSORPTION; COPPER ABSORPTION; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; IRON-ABSORPTION; YOUNG MEN; PREMATURE-INFANTS; FRACTIONAL ABSORPTION; MOLYBDENUM ABSORPTION AB Enriched stable isotopes used as tracers have proven to be valuable in studies of the absorption and metabolism of minerals. Unlike radioisotopes, they can be used in high-risk population groups such as infants, children, and pregnant or lactating women, Estimates of mineral absorption car, be made from the oral administration of a single tracer or from two tracers, one given orally and the other intravenously (IV). It is possible to determine the metabolism of the mineral with modeling based on the amount of the tracer or tracers in different biological samples. One of the key decisions in studies of this type is determining which enriched isotope and what amount to use. An example is given of calculations to estimate and compare the amounts of tracers needed for an absorption study. Methods for calculating the amounts of tracer in oral and IV doses are presented, and limits of detection and quantitation are discussed in terms of percent of enrichment and related to isotope ratio measurement precision. A general review of the use of mass spectrometric instruments for quantifying various stable isotopes is given. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Veillon, C (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 307 Room 223, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 93 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 0037-9727 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 226 IS 4 BP 271 EP 282 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 429EC UT WOS:000168502200003 PM 11368418 ER PT J AU Lanner, RM Connor, KF AF Lanner, RM Connor, KF TI Does bristlecone pine senesce? SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Slow Aging Organisms CY SEP 22-23, 2000 CL UNIV SO CALIF, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA HO UNIV SO CALIF DE bristlecone pine; senescence; longevity; physiological aging; aging; Pinus longaeva ID TREE AGE; GROWTH; LONGAEVA; ANATOMY; LIMITS; VIGOR AB We evaluated hypotheses of senescence in old trees by comparing putative biomarkers of aging in Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) ranging in age from 23 to 4713 years. To lest a hypothesis that water and nutrient conduction is impaired in old trees we examined cambial products in the xylem and phloem. We found no statistically significant age-related changes in tracheid diameter, or in several other parameters of xylem and phloem related to cambial function. The hypothesis of continuously declining annual shoot growth increments was tested by comparing trees of varying ages in regard to stem unit production and elongation. No statistically significant age-related differences were found. The hypothesis that aging results from an accumulation of deleterious mutations was addressed by comparing pollen viability, seed weight, seed germinability, seedling biomass accumulation, and frequency of putative mutations, in trees of varying ages. None of these parameters had a statistically significant relationship to tree age. Thus, we found no evidence of mutational aging. It appears that the great longevity attained by some Great Basin bristlecone pines is unaccompanied by deterioration of meristem function in embryos, seedlings, or mature trees, an intuitively necessary manifestation of senescence. We conclude that the concept of senescence does not apply to these trees. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Forest Expt Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Lanner, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 4-6 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00234-5 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 426UC UT WOS:000168365900008 PM 11295507 ER PT J AU Hansen, WF AF Hansen, WF TI Identifying stream types and management implications SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Science of Managing Forests to Sustain Water Resources CY NOV 08-11, 1998 CL STURBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Amer Foresters, Water Resources Working Grp, Massachusetts Metropolita District Commiss, Div Watershed Management, US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Univ Massachusetts Extens DE stream type; stream network; stream order; stream source number; watershed AB Characteristics of stream types were surveyed within the Chattooga River watershed in the Blue Ridge Mountains of southeastern US. The 728 km(2) watershed is contained within the states of Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina. The stream types of about 190 streams of various sizes were determined as perennial, intermittent or ephemeral using a combination of physical and biological indicators. The key indicators were defined as channel erosion into the landscape and aquatic insects. Comparisons were made between the measured stream characteristics and their hydrologic orders. The stream data indicated that most headwater order 1 streams were either ephemeral or intermittent. Order 2 streams were divided among intermittent, perennial and ephemeral. All order 3 streams and larger ones were perennial, except for one small, third order intermittent stream with an 18% channel gradient. The data suggest that the total 4670 km stream network was approximately equally divided between defined channels (28% perennial and 17% intermittent) and undefined channels (55% ephemeral). Changes in stream order produced exponential changes in the total number, mean segment length and total length of streams. The fine detail included about 15,630 order 1 channels with a combined length of 2740 km. Comparisons are provided between the estimated extent of stream types and the 'blue-line' streams identified on the US Geological Survey topographic contour maps at both 1:24,000 and 1:100,000 scales. Streams indicated on the 1:100,000 scale maps identified about 650 km of streams, while the 1:24,000 scale mapped the blue-line stream extent at 970 km. Of the estimated 1300 km of perennial streams, the topographic maps identified 50-75%, depending on scale. However, only about 14-21% of the entire stream network which includes perennial, intermittent and ephemeral streams were marked on the topographic contour maps. Recommendations are included for improving the consistency of how 'stream orders' and 'stream types' are delineated. Since water quality protection measures are often related to the stream type, improvement in identifying streams should improve stream protection design and help to prevent impacts on water quality and aquatic habitat. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Francis Marion Sumter Natl Forests, Columbia, SC 29212 USA. RP Hansen, WF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Francis Marion Sumter Natl Forests, Columbia, SC 29212 USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 143 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00503-X PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412WP UT WOS:000167577600005 ER PT J AU Robison, TA Barry, J AF Robison, TA Barry, J TI Geomorphic survey of eastern Cascade streams before and after 1995-1996 floods SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Science of Managing Forests to Sustain Water Resources CY NOV 08-11, 1998 CL STURBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Amer Foresters, Water Resources Working Grp, Massachusetts Metropolita District Commiss, Div Watershed Management, US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Univ Massachusetts Extens DE fluvial geomorphology; streams; riparian; flood effects AB A series of cross-sectional surveys was made on streams on the Wenatchee National Forest prior to flooding during winter 1995-1996. Resurveys were made on 18 stream reaches. Physical attributes of stream channels were measured and flood responses were assessed across a range of stream types and land system units. Changes in cross-sectional area, width and depth were measured. Lateral migration was measured. Aggradation and degradation of thalweg depth were surveyed. There was high correlation between geomorphologic channel characteristics and channel response. Degree of entrenchment and channel slope were highly correlated with increases in channel depth and channel scour. Slightly entrenched channels had higher lateral migration rates. A hierarchical framework for ecological stratification offered geomorphic explanation for channel features that correlate with channel response to extreme flood events. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Wenatchee Natl Forest, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Intermountain Reg, Boise, ID 83705 USA. RP Robison, TA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Wenatchee Natl Forest, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 143 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00505-3 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412WP UT WOS:000167577600007 ER PT J AU Twery, MJ Hornbeck, JW AF Twery, MJ Hornbeck, JW TI Incorporating water goals into forest management decisions at a local level SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Science of Managing Forests to Sustain Water Resources CY NOV 08-11, 1998 CL STURBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Amer Foresters, Water Resources Working Grp, Massachusetts Metropolita District Commiss, Div Watershed Management, US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Univ Massachusetts Extens DE water quality; water yield; decision-support systems; forest management ID MODEL AB Silvicultural practices are important factors in determining water yield and quality from forested watersheds. Similarly gods for water yield and quality significantly influence the acceptability of various silvicultural practices. Developed through a process of consulting experts in various subspecialties of natural resource management, the NED1 decision support software is designed to provide a structure for project-level analysis of management alternatives based on identified goals. Using this software, one can analyze forest conditions in the northeastern United States with respect to water, wildlife, timber production, visual quality, and general ecological goals. Water quantity goals include increasing water flow, maintaining a minimum flow, and limiting peak flow. Water quality goals include intensive watercourse protection, wetlands protection, riparian area management, cold-water fish habitat, and warm-water fish habitat. In all cases, a minimum goal of obeying the law by following statutory best management practices (BMPs) is implied, whether or not one selects another water goal. Given a set of goals, a user of the NED system can analyze which goals are met under alternative silvicultural prescriptions or other activities and resolve which goals may or may not be compatible with each other. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Twery, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 143 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00508-9 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412WP UT WOS:000167577600010 ER PT J AU Swank, WT Vose, JM Elliott, KJ AF Swank, WT Vose, JM Elliott, KJ TI Long-term hydrologic and water quality responses following commercial clearcutting of mixed hardwoods on a southern Appalachian catchment SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Science of Managing Forests to Sustain Water Resources CY NOV 08-11, 1998 CL STURBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Amer Foresters, Water Resources Working Grp, Massachusetts Metropolita District Commiss, Div Watershed Management, US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Univ Massachusetts Extens DE water yield; storm hydrograph; stream chemistry; sediment yield; mixed deciduous hardwoods; forest cutting ID LOCUST ROBINIA-PSEUDOACACIA; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; FOREST SUCCESSION; MOUNTAIN STREAM; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; YIELD; DECOMPOSITION; AMERICA AB Long-term changes (similar to 20 years) in water yield, the storm hydrograph, stream inorganic chemistry, and sediment yield were analyzed for a 59 ha mixed hardwood covered catchment (Watershed 7) in the southern Appalachian mountains (USA) following clearcutting and cable logging. The first year after cutting, streamflow increased 26 cm or 28% above the flow expected if the forest had not been cut. In subsequent years, discharge increases declined at a rate of 5-7 cm per year until the fifth year when changes in flow returned to baseline values. Later in forest succession, between ages 15 and 18 years, both significant increases and decreases in annual water yield were observed; these discharge dynamics are discussed in relation to vegetation regrowth dynamics. Flow responses predicted from an empirical regional scale model were within 17% of experimental values during the first 4 years of regrowth. Intra-annual analysis showed that proportionally larger increases (48%) in flow occurred in the low flow months of August-October. Storm hydrograph analysis showed that, on an average, initial flow rate and peakflow rates increased 14-15% and stormflow volume increased 10%. Analyses of stream solute concentrations and catchment nutrient fluxes showed small increases in nutrient losses following clearcutting and logging. Responses were largest the third year after treatment with annual values of 1.3, 2.4, 2.7, 3.2, 1.4, 0.39, and 2.1 kg ha(-1) for NO3-N, K, Na, Ca, Mg, S, and Cl, respectively. Explanations for the retention of nutrients and high ecosystem resistance and resilience are discussed in relation to internal biogeochemical cycles based on long-term process level studies on the catchment. A second, sustained pulse of NO3- to the stream (exceeding post-harvest values) observed later in succession is also discussed in the context of ecosystem processes. Large increases in sediment yield were measured immediately after road construction due to two major storm events. Subsequently, during logging, sediment yield from roads was,greatly reduced and insignificant when logging activities were completed. In contrast, cumulative increases in sediment yield were observed downstream over the next 15 years which illustrate the lag between pulsed sediment inputs to a stream and the routing of sediments through a stream system. The relevance of sedimentation to stream sustainability is discussed in the context of long-term responses in the benthic invertebrate community structure and productivity measured on WS7. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Swank, WT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. NR 52 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 6 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 143 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00515-6 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412WP UT WOS:000167577600017 ER PT J AU Troendle, CA Wilcox, MS Bevenger, GS Porth, LS AF Troendle, CA Wilcox, MS Bevenger, GS Porth, LS TI The Coon Creek Water Yield Augmentation Project: implementation of timber harvesting technology to increase streamflow SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Science of Managing Forests to Sustain Water Resources CY NOV 08-11, 1998 CL STURBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Amer Foresters, Water Resources Working Grp, Massachusetts Metropolita District Commiss, Div Watershed Management, US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Univ Massachusetts Extens DE water yield; timber harvest; streamflow; flow duration AB The Goon Creek pilot project represents an attempt to verify that water yield augmentation technology, demonstrated to work on small-scale experimental watersheds, could be applied at an operational or large watershed scale with similar results. Goon Creek, a 1673 ha catchment on the Upper East Fork of the Encampment River, was selected as the treatment watershed and Upper East Fork, an adjacent catchment, was selected as the control. Following an 8-year calibration period, road building and timber harvest occurred on 23.7% of the watershed area. Seasonal streamflow (April-October) significantly increased on an average 76 mm for the first 5 years after harvest. Annual peak flows, expressed as either the instantaneous maximum flow or as the maximum mean daily flow, were not significantly increased although the frequency of occurrence or duration of days of the higher, near bankful, discharges were extended. The findings at Goon Creek support and are comparable with documented observations on smaller experimental watershed studies in the cold snow zone. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Bend, OR 97701 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Cody, WY 82414 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Troendle, CA (reprint author), 1701 E Cty Rd 58, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 143 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00516-8 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412WP UT WOS:000167577600018 ER PT J AU Sun, G McNulty, SG Shepard, JP Amatya, DM Riekerk, H Comerford, NB Skaggs, W Swift, L AF Sun, G McNulty, SG Shepard, JP Amatya, DM Riekerk, H Comerford, NB Skaggs, W Swift, L TI Effects of timber management on the hydrology of wetland forests in the southern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Science of Managing Forests to Sustain Water Resources CY NOV 08-11, 1998 CL STURBRIDGE, MA SP Soc Amer Foresters, Water Resources Working Grp, Massachusetts Metropolitan District Commiss, Div Watershed Management, US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Univ Massachusetts Extens DE forested wetlands; groundwater; hydrology; forest harvesting; forest management ID TUPELO-CYPRESS WETLAND; FLOODPLAIN FOREST; PINE FLATWOODS; FLORIDA; WATER AB The objectives of this paper are to review the hydrologic impacts of various common forest management practices that include harvesting, site preparation, and drainage. Field hydrological data collected during the past 5-10 years from ten forested wetland sites across the southern US are synthesized using various methods including hydrologic simulation models and Geographic Information Systems, Wetland systems evaluated include red river bottoms, black river bottoms, pocosins, wet mineral flats, cypress domes, and pine flatwoods. Hydrologic variables used in this assessment include water table level, drainage, and storm flow on different spatial and temporal scales. Wetland ecosystems have higher water storage capacity and higher evapotranspiration than uplands. Hydrologic impacts of forest management are variable, but generally minor, especially when forest best management practices are adopted, A conceptually generalized model is developed to illustrate the relative magnitude of hydrologic effects of forest management on different types of wetlands in the southern US. This model suggests that in addition to soils, wetland types, and management practice options, climate is an important factor in controlling wetland hydrology and the magnitude of disturbance impacts. Bottomland wetlands, partial harvesting, and warm climate usually offer conditions that result in low hydrologic impact. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NCASI, So Reg Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Soil Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM gesun@unity.ncsu.edu NR 46 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 143 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00520-X PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412WP UT WOS:000167577600022 ER PT J AU Klosowski, R Stevens, T Kittredge, D Dennis, D AF Klosowski, R Stevens, T Kittredge, D Dennis, D TI Economic incentives for coordinated management of forest land: a case study of southern New England SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE economic incentives; ecosystem management; coordinated management; conjoint analysis ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; OWNERS AB Coordinated management among many private forest land owners will often be required to achieve ecosystem management at the landscape scale. A case study of landowners in southern New England shows that although most hold favorable attitudes towards coordinated management, economic incentives may be needed to actually implement coordinated management programs. Yet the conjoint analyses used in this study suggests that economic incentives, such as property tax reductions, are not likely to substantially increase the probability that coordinated management programs will actually be undertaken. For example, an increase in property tax savings from $706 per year to $2000 per year only increased the probability of program adoption from 1.4 to 5.6%. Alternative ways in which coordinated management programs might be marketed are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, Burlington, VT USA. RP Stevens, T (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Draper Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD APR PY 2001 VL 2 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(00)00035-6 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 486JD UT WOS:000171813900003 ER PT J AU Zhu, S Buongiorno, J Brooks, DJ AF Zhu, S Buongiorno, J Brooks, DJ TI Effects of accelerated tariff liberalization on the forest products sector: a global modeling approach SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE international trade; tariffs; forest sector; econometrics; world model ID TRADE; PAPER AB The objective of this study was to project the effects on the world forest sector of eliminating quickly all import tariffs. The projections were done for two scenarios: (1) progressive tariff reduction according to the current schedule of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; (2) complete elimination of all tariffs within the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries. The projections were obtained with the global forest products model (GFPM), for the years 1998-2010. The model gave market equilibrium projections of quantities produced, consumed, imported and exported for each of 180 countries, and for 14 commodity groups, covering roundwood, sawnwood, wood-based panels, pulp and recycled fibers and paper and paperboard. The model also projected world equilibrium prices. The results showed that, with or without ATL agreement, the world consumption and trade of all forest products would continue to grow along the historical trends, and the world prices of forest products would increase moderately. With the elimination of tariffs in APEC countries, the projected world production and consumption of all products would change little (less than 0.5%). The tariff reduction effects would be larger for trade, and the commodity composition of world trade would shift from raw materials to more processed products. The timber harvest would change in a number of countries, but the net effect at the world scale would be small. While the US consumption and production of forest products would change little, the US would reduce its export of logs and increase exports of most processed products. The US timber harvest was expected to be indistinguishable compared to what it would be in the absence of the Accelerated Tariff Liberalization agreement. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Buongiorno, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD APR PY 2001 VL 2 IS 1 BP 57 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(00)00039-3 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 486JD UT WOS:000171813900005 ER PT J AU Hartsough, BR Zhang, XS Fight, RD AF Hartsough, BR Zhang, XS Fight, RD TI Harvesting cost model for small trees in natural stands in the Interior Northwest SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY; PINE AB Realistic logging cost models are needed for long-term forest management planning. Data from numerous published studies were combined to estimate the costs of harvesting small trees in natural stands in the Interior Northwest of North America. Six harvesting systems were modeled. Four address gentle terrain: manual log-length, manual whole-tree, mechanized whole-tree, and mechanized cut-to-length systems. Two cable systems were included for steeper terrain: manual log-length and mechanized cut-to-length systems. A stand-alone program incorporating all the relationships is available. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Hartsough, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 59 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2001 VL 51 IS 4 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 424LR UT WOS:000168234200011 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Carlson, SL AF Meyer, SE Carlson, SL TI Achene mass variation in Ericameria nauseosus (Asteraceae) in relation to dispersal ability and seedling fitness SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chrysothamnus nauseosus; fall rate; life-history strategy; plume loading; relative growth rate; Rubber Rabbitbrush; seed weight; wind dispersal ID GROWTH-RATE; CHRYSOTHAMNUS-NAUSEOSUS; PLUMED SEEDS; SIZE; COMPONENTS; MORPHOLOGY; COMPOSITAE; DIASPORES; AUSTRALIA; WEIGHT AB 1, Ericameria nauseosus (Asteraceae) is a highly variable shrub species of western North America, whose achene mass varies sevenfold among subspecies and populations. We examined trade-offs between seedling fitness and dispersal ability by asking: does greater achene mass reduce dispersal ability, and is this potential disadvantage to large achenes compensated for by increased pappus investment? Does smaller achene mass reduce seedling fitness, and is this potential disadvantage to small achenes compensated for by increased relative growth rate (RGR)? 2. Dispersal ability was measured as fall rate in still air, while seedling fitness was measured as dry mass at two ages for 21 populations belonging to nine subspecies. 3. Fall rate was positively correlated with achene plume loading(-1/2), but because of variation in pappus investment and geometry, both plume loading(-1/2) and fall rate were only weakly positively correlated with achene mass. Relative pappus investment did not show a consistent increase with achene mass. 4. Seedling dry mass was strongly positively correlated with achene mass for 2-week-old seedlings grown without added nutrients. This correlation was significant but weak with added nutrients at 2 weeks, and by 4 weeks it was no longer significant. Seedling RGR was strongly negatively correlated with achene mass. 5. Achene mass variation was related to both seedling fitness and dispersal ability, but compensation was evident mainly as faster RGR in populations with small achenes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 N 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2001.00520.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 425DU UT WOS:000168273700014 ER PT J AU Madden, KB Mulloy, DP Urban, JF Gause, WC Fleming, SD Katona, IM Shea-Donohue, T AF Madden, KB Mulloy, DP Urban, JF Gause, WC Fleming, SD Katona, IM Shea-Donohue, T TI Nematode infection induces stereotypic Th2 cytokine and Stat6-dependent changes in epithelial cell function SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 SU 1 MA 997 BP A189 EP A189 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 429KA UT WOS:000168514700935 ER PT J AU Mulloy, DP Zhao, AP Urban, JF Gause, WC Fleming, S Shea-Donohue, T AF Mulloy, DP Zhao, AP Urban, JF Gause, WC Fleming, S Shea-Donohue, T TI Stat6 dependent inhibition of the epithelial cell responses to Trichuris muris in murine colon SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 SU 1 MA 996 BP A189 EP A189 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 429KA UT WOS:000168514700934 ER PT J AU Mulloy, DP Madden, KB Urban, JF Fleming, SD Rehrig, S Zhao, AP Shea-Donohue, T AF Mulloy, DP Madden, KB Urban, JF Fleming, SD Rehrig, S Zhao, AP Shea-Donohue, T TI Neuromodulation of local and remote effects of nematode infection in small intestine versus colon SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 SU 1 MA 2723 BP A535 EP A536 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 429KA UT WOS:000168514702655 ER PT J AU Zhao, AP Mulloy, DP Urban, JF Gause, WC Shea-Donohue, T AF Zhao, AP Mulloy, DP Urban, JF Gause, WC Shea-Donohue, T TI Role of Stat6 in hypercontractility of murine small intestinal smooth muscle induced by nematode infection SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 SU 1 MA 2717 BP A534 EP A534 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 429KA UT WOS:000168514702649 ER PT J AU Tullu, A Kusmenoglu, I McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ AF Tullu, A Kusmenoglu, I McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ TI Characterization of core collection of lentil germplasm for phenology, morphology, seed and straw yields SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE core collection; Lens culinaris; lentil; residue; tillage ID RESIDUE PRODUCTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; BIOMASS; NITROGEN; ACCUMULATION; IMPROVEMENT; TEMPERATURE; ADAPTATION; RAINFALL; TRAITS AB Increasing and maintaining crop residues in predominantly cereal-based rotations of the US Pacific Northwest is critical to controlling soil erosion. The core collection of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm comprising 287 accessions was evaluated for variation in phenological, morphological and growth parameters including seed yields and residue amounts over a two-year period under conventional tillage and no-till conditions. The objectives of this study were (i) assess lentil genetic variation in germplasm for variation in biomass production and seed yield, (ii) assess the relationship of phenological and morphological traits with biomass and seed yield and (iii) identify high biomass producing germplasm for use as parents in the breeding program. Days to flowering and days to maturity ranged from 31 to 78 and from 71 to 106 days, respectively. Time to flowering in terms of cumulative heat units was a more efficient measurement than days to flowering. Plant height and plant canopy width had a significant association with total biomass, seed yield and residue amounts. Total biomass ranged from 788-6389 kg ha(-1) under conventional tillage, while the range under no-till conditions was 1045-6195 kg ha(-1). Most of the lines with higher biomass also produced the highest seed yields and residue amounts. Overall, only one accession produced more residue than `Laird'. In the more favorable environment of 1997, six accessions exceeded the control cultivars, 'Laird' and 'Indianhead', for residue amounts, and seven and twenty-four accessions exceeded control cultivars, 'Pardina' and 'Brewer', for seed yield. Results indicated that plant height, canopy width at maturity and seed yield explained most of the variation in biomass and residue production. Large seeded germplasm consistently had a longer reproductive growth period than small seeded accessions and had 17%, 7% and 21% more biomass, seed yield and residue, respectively. Our data indicated significant variation in lentil germplasm for biomass, seed yield and residue amounts to warrant their use in the breeding program. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Tullu, Abebe/B-2722-2012 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1023/A:1011254629628 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 426DZ UT WOS:000168335700004 ER PT J AU McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ AF McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ TI Biomass production and related characters in the core collection of Pisum germplasm SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE biomass; core collection; germplasm; harvest index; Pisum sativum; residue ID RESIDUE PRODUCTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; LENTIL; SEED; YIELD; PEA AB Retention of residue on the soil surface following harvest is an effective method of reducing soil erosion from both wind and water. The pea crop produces small amounts of residue to effectively reduce soil erosion. Severe erosion occurs in pea production areas such as the Palouse Region of the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) when low residue crops such as spring pea or lentil are followed by fall-sown wheat. The current study was conducted to determine the range of total aboveground biomass (TAB), seed yield, and straw (residue) production from the plant identification (PI) accessions that comprise the core collection of Pisum germplasm. In addition, the potential for increasing seed yield and straw production simultaneously was evaluated. Three hundred and ninety PI accessions were screened in the field in 1996 and 1997. The variation for TAB, seed yield and straw production among the PI accessions exceeded that of the controls both years. Seed yield was positively correlated with straw production (r = 0.81, p < 0.01) indicating that seed and straw production can be increased simultaneously through positive selection for both traits. Significant favorable variation is present among accessions in the USDA core collection of Pisum germplasm which could be used to increase both seed yield and total biomass production of adapted breeding lines. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McPhee, KE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1023/A:1011252508655 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 426DZ UT WOS:000168335700009 ER PT J AU Gedil, MA Slabaugh, MB Berry, S Johnson, R Michelmore, R Miller, J Gulya, T Knapp, SJ AF Gedil, MA Slabaugh, MB Berry, S Johnson, R Michelmore, R Miller, J Gulya, T Knapp, SJ TI Candidate disease resistance genes in sunflower cloned using conserved nucleotide-binding site motifs: Genetic mapping and linkage to the downy mildew resistance gene Pl1 SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Helianthus; sunflower; downy mildew; Plasmopara; nucleotide-binding site ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLASMOPARA-HALSTEDII; RUST RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM LINES; LETTUCE; RFLP; MAP; REGISTRATION; SUPERFAMILY AB Disease resistance gene candidates (RGCs) belonging to the nucleotide-binding site (NBS) superfamily have been cloned from numerous crop plants using highly conserved DNA sequence motifs. The aims of this research were to (i) isolate genomic DNA clones for RGCs in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and (ii) map RGC markers and Pl1, a gene for resistance to downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & de Toni) race 1. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers targeted to conserved NBS DNA sequence motifs were used to amplify RGC fragments from sunflower genomic DNA. PCR products were cloned, sequenced, and assigned to 11 groups. RFLP analyses mapped six RGC loci to three linkage groups. One of the RGCs (Ha-4W2) was linked to Pl1, a downy mildew resistance gene. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker was developed for Ha-4W2 using gene-specific oligonucleotide primers. Downy mildew susceptible lines (HA89 and HA372) lacked a 276-bp Tsp509I restriction fragment that was present in downy mildew resistant lines (HA370, 335, 336, 337, 338, and 339). HA370 x HA372 F-2 progeny were genotyped for the Ha-4W2 CAPS marker and phenotyped for resistance to downy mildew race 1. The CAPS marker was linked to but did not completely cosegregate with Pl1 on linkage group 8. Ha-4W2 was found to comprise a gene family with at least five members. Although genetic markers for Ha-4W2 have utility for marker-assisted selection, the RGC detected by the CAPS marker has been ruled out as a candidate gene for Pl1. Three of the RGC probes were monomorphic between HA370 and HA372 and still need to be mapped and screened for linkage to disease resistance loci. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. SES Europe NV, B-3300 Tienen, Belgium. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Knapp, SJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1139/gen-44-2-205 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 418TQ UT WOS:000167907800008 PM 11341730 ER PT J AU Blakey, CA Goldman, SL Dewald, CL AF Blakey, CA Goldman, SL Dewald, CL TI Apomixis in Tripsacum: Comparative mapping of a multigene phenomenon SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Tripsacum; apomixis; diplospory; comparative mapping; Zea ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; ZEA-MAYS-L; EASTERN GAMAGRASS; DACTYLOIDES POACEAE; CO-SEGREGATION; LINKAGE MAP; MAIZE; MARKERS; HYBRIDS; MEGASPOROGENESIS AB A relationship has been established between the expression of apomixis in natural polyploids of Tripsacum dactyloides and fertility as measured by percent seed set. Thus, fertility may be reliably used as a defining phenotype for apomixis when scoring the progeny from diploid (2n = 2x = 36) x tetraploid (2n = 4x = 72) crosses in Tripsacum. By exploiting the relationship between apomixis and fertility, as defined by seed set, analyses were performed on a set of related second-generation triploid populations segregating for apomixis. These populations were derived from sexual (diploid) x apomictic (tetraploid) crosses. Six out of 25 genome-dispersed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers co-segregate with fertility. Five of these markers were previously reported and include: php20855, tda48, tda53, umc62, and umc83, and are linked to Tripsacum genetic linkage groups F, I, H, L, and A, respectively. Significantly, we report here the syntenic relationships of the maize chromosome intervals to Tripsacum that segregate for numerous meiosis-specific and fertility-associated genes. Utilizing RFLP locus comparative mapping based on conservation of chromosome (genic) regions between related species, it may be concluded that the genes controlling fertility have been preserved in both Tripsacum and maize. A sixth marker, umc166, has also been shown to co-segregate with fertility and is conserved in both grass species. Specifically, umc166 is linked to Tripsacum linkage group D and, by syntenic comparison, to the short arm of maize chromosome 5. Encoded within this marked interval is the gene Ameiotic1 (Am1) whose function is required for the initiation of meiosis in both micro- and megaspore mother cells and whose absence of expression in the female is, in all likelihood, a prerequisite for the expression of apomixis. C1 Univ Toledo, Plant Sci Res Facil, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Goldman, SL (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Plant Sci Res Facil, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 222 EP 230 DI 10.1139/gen-44-2-222 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 418TQ UT WOS:000167907800010 PM 11341732 ER PT J AU Portyanko, VA Hoffman, DL Lee, M Holland, JB AF Portyanko, VA Hoffman, DL Lee, M Holland, JB TI A linkage map of hexaploid oat based on grass anchor DNA clones and its relationship to other oat maps SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Avena; linkage map; comparative mapping; homoeology ID RECOMBINANT INBRED POPULATIONS; STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; MOLECULAR-GENETIC MAPS; RUST RESISTANCE GENES; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; AEGILOPS TAUSCHII; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; CULTIVATED OAT AB A cultivated oat linkage map was developed using a recombinant inbred population of 136 F-6:7 lines from the cross 'Ogle' x 'TAM O-301'. A total of 441 marker loci, including 355 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, 40 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), 22 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), 7 sequence-tagged sites (STSs), 1 simple sequence repeat (SSR), 12 isozyme loci, and 4 discrete morphological traits, was mapped. Fifteen loci remained unlinked, and 426 loci produced 34 linkage groups (with 2-43 loci each) spanning 2049 cM of the oat genome (from 4.2 to 174.0 cM per group). Comparisons with other Avena maps revealed 35 genome regions syntenic between hexaploid maps and 16-34 regions conserved between diploid and hexaploid maps. Those portions of hexaploid oat maps that could be compared were completely conserved. Considerable conservation of diploid genome regions on the hexaploid map also was observed (89-95%); however, at the whole-chromosome level, colinearity was much lower. Comparisons among linkage groups, both within and among Avena mapping populations, revealed several putative homoeologous linkage group sets as well as some linkage groups composed of segments from different homoeologous groups. The relationships between many Avena linkage groups remain uncertain, however, due to incomplete coverage by comparative markers and to complications introduced by genomic duplications and rearrangements. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Agr, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 61 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 249 EP 265 DI 10.1139/gen-44-2-249 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 418TQ UT WOS:000167907800014 PM 11341736 ER PT J AU Smith, TPL Grosse, WM Freking, BA Roberts, AJ Stone, RT Casas, E Wray, JE White, J Cho, J Fahrenkrug, SC Bennett, GL Heaton, MP Laegreid, WW Rohrer, GA Chitko-McKown, CG Pertea, G Holt, I Karamycheva, S Liang, F Quackenbush, J Keele, JW AF Smith, TPL Grosse, WM Freking, BA Roberts, AJ Stone, RT Casas, E Wray, JE White, J Cho, J Fahrenkrug, SC Bennett, GL Heaton, MP Laegreid, WW Rohrer, GA Chitko-McKown, CG Pertea, G Holt, I Karamycheva, S Liang, F Quackenbush, J Keele, JW TI Sequence evaluation of four pooled-tissue normalized bovine cDNA libraries and construction of a gene index for cattle SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB An essential component of functional genomics studies is the sequence of DNA expressed in tissues of interest. To provide a resource of bovine-specific expressed sequence data and facilitate this powerful approach in cattle research, four normalized cDNA libraries were produced and arrayed for high-throughput sequencing. The libraries were made with RNA pooled from multiple tissues to increase efficiency of normalization and maximize the number of independent genes for which sequence data were obtained. Target tissues included those with highest likelihood to have impact on production parameters of animal health, growth, reproductive efficiency, and carcass merit. Success of normalization and inter- and intralibrary redundancy were assessed by collecting 6000-23,000 sequences from each of the libraries (68,520 total sequences deposited in GenBank). Sequence comparison and assembly of these sequences was performed in combination with 56,500 other bovine EST sequences present in the GenBank dbEST database to construct a cattle Gene Index (available from The Institute For Genomic Research at http://www.tigr.org/tdb/tgi.shtml). The 124,381 bovine ESTs present in GenBank at the time of the analysis form 16,740 assemblies that are listed and annotated on the Web site. Analysis of individual library sequence data indicates that the pooled-tissue approach was highly effective in preparing libraries for efficient deep sequencing. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM smith@email.marc.usda.gov RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 7 TC 84 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 EI 1549-5469 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 4 BP 626 EP 630 DI 10.1101/gr.170101 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 418HT UT WOS:000167885400014 PM 11282978 ER PT J AU Burt, R Wilson, MA Kanyanda, CW Spurway, JKR Metzler, JD AF Burt, R Wilson, MA Kanyanda, CW Spurway, JKR Metzler, JD TI Properties and effects of management on selected granitic soils in Zimbabwe SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE erosion; degradation; Africa; soil management ID GRASSLAND SOILS; NITROGEN; EROSION; CARBON; FRACTIONS AB Sandy soils formed from granitic rocks on Miocene-aged and older land surfaces cover a large area of central Zimbabwe. These deeply weathered soils are an important agricultural resource for the country yet susceptible to erosion with agricultural use, and decreases in productivity and sustainability have been documented. Regional-based surveys of Zimbabwe have evaluated the general extent of erosion, but site-specific data to determine soil properties related to erosional susceptibility and influence of management are lacking in this area. This study measured physical and chemical properties of five sites (10 pedons) in an area of granitic soils east of the city of Harare. Sites were from university research, commercial, and communal farms. Pedons were paired to determine soil property differences in row crop vs. pasture management. The objectives of this study were to (a) verify important soil properties that influence erosional susceptibility and productivity of these granitic soils, and (b) determine differences in those properties as related to agriculture management. Results indicate important properties that favor high erosional susceptibility in these soils are coarse textures and high degree of weathering (resulting in extractable bases and cation exchange capacity < 10 cmol kg(-1)), and low organic C (ranging from 2.5 to 23.5 g kg(-1) C in surface horizons). Pedons in pasture have 2 to 19 cm thicker A horizons, water dispersible to total clay ratios 3% to 17% lower, and greater aggregate stability relative to the paired, cropped pedons. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) at 15 to 30 cm depth ranges from 0.2 to 23.4 cm h(-1) for all pedons. Greater K-sat in cropped pedons relative to the pasture pair is likely temporal and influenced by tillage. Bulk density and extractable-P exhibit no trends with management and such results are likely confounded by management history such as crop-pasture rotations and fertilization. This study has shown the importance of increasing and maintaining soil C levels to minimize agricultural-induced erosion of these granitic soils. Results suggest that soil textures and the weathered nature of these soils in this semitropical climate produce conditions where organic matter is generally low even in soils maintained in pasture. Therefore, use of conservation management practices will be required to maintain and build adequate soil tilth and fertility for sustainable crop production. <(c)> 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Chem & Soil Res Inst, Pedol & Soil Survey Sect, Causeway, Zimbabwe. Michigan State Univ, African Studies Ctr, Ctr Int Programs 100, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Burt, R (reprint author), USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 2001 VL 101 IS 3-4 BP 119 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00100-2 PG 23 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 414ZF UT WOS:000167695500009 ER PT J AU Carey, EV Sala, A Keane, R Callaway, RM AF Carey, EV Sala, A Keane, R Callaway, RM TI Are old forests underestimated as global carbon sinks? SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE carbon sequestration; carbon sink; coniferous forests; missing carbon; net primary productivity; old-growth forests ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CONTRASTING CLIMATES; STAND DEVELOPMENT; LODGEPOLE PINE; MODEL ANALYSIS; LEAF-AREA; PRODUCTIVITY; DIOXIDE AB Old forests are important carbon pools, but are thought to be insignificant as current atmospheric carbon sinks. This perception is based on the assumption that changes in productivity with age in complex, multiaged, multispecies natural forests can be modelled simply as scaled-up versions of individual trees or even-aged stands. This assumption was tested by measuring the net primary productivity (NPP) of natural subalpine forests in the Northern Rocky Mountains, where NPP is from 50% to 100% higher than predicted by a model of an even-age forest composed of a single species. If process-based terrestrial carbon models underestimate NPP by 50% in just one quarter of the temperate coniferous forests throughout the world, then global NPP is being underestimated by 145 Tg of carbon annually. This is equivalent to 4.3-7.6% of the missing atmospheric carbon sink. These results emphasize the need to account for multiple-aged, species-diverse, mature forests in models of terrestrial carbon dynamics to approximate the global carbon budget. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Intermt Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Carey, EV (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 60 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 61 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00418.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 438ZT UT WOS:000169084700001 ER PT J AU Morgan, JA LeCain, DR Mosier, AR Milchunas, DG AF Morgan, JA LeCain, DR Mosier, AR Milchunas, DG TI Elevated CO2 enhances water relations and productivity and affects gas exchange in C-3 and C-4 grasses of the Colorado shortgrass steppe. SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua gracilis; Pascopyrum smithii; global change; photosynthesis; acclimation; grazing; defoliation ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII C-3; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS C-4; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROWTH-RESPONSE; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ENRICHMENT; NITROGEN; PLANTS AB Six open-top chambers were installed on the shortgrass steppe in north-eastern Colorado, USA from late March until mid-October in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate how this grassland will be affected by rising atmospheric CO2. Three chambers were maintained at current CO2 concentration (ambient treatment), three at twice ambient CO2, or approximately 720 mu mol mol(-1) (elevated treatment), and three nonchambered plots served as controls. Above-ground phytomass was measured in summer and autumn during each growing season, soil water was monitored weekly, and leaf photosynthesis, conductance and water potential were measured periodically on important C-3 and C-4 grasses. Mid-season and seasonal above-ground productivity were enhanced from 26 to 47% at elevated CO2, with no differences in the relative responses of C-3/C-4 grasses or forbs. Annual above-ground phytomass accrual was greater on plots which were defoliated once in mid-summer compared to plots which were not defoliated during the growing season, but there was no interactive effect of defoliation and CO2 on growth. Leaf photosynthesis was often greater in Pascopyrum smithii (C-3) and Bouteloua gracilis (C-4) plants in the elevated chambers, due in large part to higher soil water contents and leaf water potentials. Persistent downward photosynthetic acclimation in P. smithii leaves prevented large photosynthetic enhancement for elevated CO2-grown plants. Shoot N concentrations tended to be lower in grasses under elevated CO2, but only Stipa comata (C-3) plants exhibited significant reductions in N under elevated compared to ambient CO2 chambers. Despite chamber warming of 2.6 degreesC and apparent drier chamber conditions compared to unchambered controls, above-ground production in all chambers was always greater than in unchambered plots. Collectively, these results suggest increased productivity of the shortgrass steppe in future warmer, CO2 enriched environments. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Morgan, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 43 TC 72 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 451 EP 466 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00415.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 438ZT UT WOS:000169084700009 ER PT J AU Hokanson, SC AF Hokanson, SC TI Collection, utilization, and preservation of fruit crop genetic resources - Some case studies: Introduction to the workshop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hokanson, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 207 EP 208 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200002 ER PT J AU Okie, WR AF Okie, WR TI Plum crazy: Rediscovering our lost Prunus resources SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (ASHS) CY JUL 30, 1999 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci ID PEACH; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Recent utilization of genetic resources of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and Japanese plum (P. salicina Lindl. and hybrids) has been limited in the United States compared with that of many crops. Difficulties in collection, importation, and quarantine throughput have limited the germplasm available. Prunus is more difficult to preserve because more space is needed than for small fruit crops, and the shorter life of tries relative to other tree crops because of disease and insect problems. Lack of suitable rootstocks has also reduced tree life. The trend toward fewer breeding programs, most of which emphasize "short-term" (long-term compared to most crops) commercial cultivar development to meet immediate industry needs, has also contributed to reduced use of exotic material. Probably all modern commercial peaches grown in the United States are related to 'Chinese Cling', a peach imported from China over 100 years ago (Myers et al., 1989). More recently imported germplasm has not significantly impacted modern production. The relatively few available accessions of wild peach relatives have been useful primarily in development of peach rootstocks. In contrast, a large shipping plum industry in California has been developed based on plum cultivars imported 100 years ago from Japan and on hybrids of those plums with native species. Native American germplasm has unrealized potential to help solve current plum problems and stone fruit rootstock problems. However, few resources are devoted to this effort. This germplasm will be discussed in more detail in relation to the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) breeding program at Byron, Ga. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunabr Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200003 ER PT J AU Hancock, JF Callow, PW Dale, A Luby, JJ Finn, CE Hokanson, SC Hummer, KE AF Hancock, JF Callow, PW Dale, A Luby, JJ Finn, CE Hokanson, SC Hummer, KE TI From the Andes to the Rockies: Native strawberry collection and utilization SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (ASHS) CY JUL 30, 1999 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci ID CULTIVARS; FRAGARIA AB The commercial strawberry, Fragaria xananassa Duchesne in Lamarck (Staudt, 1999), has a narrow germplasm base, even though its progenitor species have an extensive geographical range (Hancock, 1999; Luby et al., 1991). It originated about 250 years ago when a few New World clones of F. chiloensis (L.) Miller and F. virginiana Miller accidentally hybridized in European gardens (Wilhelm and Sagen, 1972). Thomas A. Knight began the systematic breeding of strawberries in England in 1817, but had at his disposal only a small number of native and cultivated clones. Likewise, North American genetic improvement began in the mid-1800s with a restricted group of European F. xananassa cultivars, South American F. chiloensis, and North American F. virginiana (Darrow, 1966). The cultivars originating from this background played the predominant role in most public and private breeding programs for the next 100 years. The majority of the genes in modern North American cultivars still comes from only seven nuclear (Hancock and Luby, 1995; Sjulin and Dale, 1987) and 10 cytoplasmic sources (Dale and Sjulin, 1990), even though at least eight native clones have been incorporated into cultivars in the last half century. These include: 1) two unnamed clones of F. chiloensis from the Pacific Northwest, 2) two unnamed clones of F. virginiana from Oregon and Alaska, 3) two selections of F. viginiana from the Pocky Mountains (Sjulin and Dale, 1987), 4) the Huachi Grande done of F. chiloensis from Ecuador (Finn et al., 1998), and 5) the Del Norte clone of F. chiloensis from northern California (Moore. et al., 1995). Since the germplasm base of strawberries remains narrow, native germplasm can be injected into the lineage of cultivars relatively easily. However, identification of more wild clones and their use in strawberry improvement would be beneficial. We have spent the last decade cataloging horticulturally useful traits in native populations (Cameron et al., 1993; Hancock, 1999; Hancock ct al., 1990; Luby et al., 1991) and utilizing that variability (Dale et al., 1993; Hancock et al., 1993). Our primary goals have been to: 1) expand the germplasm base of F. xananassa by hybridizing it with elite native octoploid clones, 2) reconstruct F. xananassa using these clones, and 3) develop pure F. chiloensis cultivars. We would also like to construct a ''supercore" group of native F. virginiana and F. chiloensis clones that can be used by other breeders to expand their germplasm base and serve as a reference point for future collections. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Simcoe, ON N3Y 4N5, Canada. ARS, USDA, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Hancock, JF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200005 ER PT J AU Luby, J Forsline, P Aldwinckle, H Bus, V Geibel, M AF Luby, J Forsline, P Aldwinckle, H Bus, V Geibel, M TI Silk road apples - Collection, evaluation, and utilization of Malus sieversii from Central Asia SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (ASHS) CY JUL 30, 1999 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci ID RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; GERMPLASM; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Hawkes Bay Res Ctr, Havelock N, New Zealand. Genebank Fruit Dresden Pillnitz, D-01326 Dresden, Germany. RP Luby, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Bus, Vincent/B-1318-2011 OI Bus, Vincent/0000-0003-4071-4457 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200006 ER PT J AU Pavek, DS Lamboy, WF Garvey, EJ AF Pavek, DS Lamboy, WF Garvey, EJ TI In situ conservation of America's wild grapes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (ASHS) CY JUL 30, 1999 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci ID SILICA-GEL; DNA; VITIS C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Exchange Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Pavek, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Exchange Off, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200007 ER PT J AU Finn, C AF Finn, C TI Trailing blackberries: From clear-cuts to your table SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (ASHS) CY JUL 30, 1999 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci ID RUBUS C1 ARS, USDA, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Finn, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 236 EP 238 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200008 ER PT J AU Marler, TE Wood, BW AF Marler, TE Wood, BW TI Recovery dynamics of perennial species following tropical cyclone damage: Introduction to the workshop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (ASHS) CY JUL 30, 1999 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci ID HURRICANE C1 Univ Guam, Coll Agr & Life Sci, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Marler, TE (reprint author), Univ Guam, Coll Agr & Life Sci, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 240 EP 242 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200009 ER PT J AU Reighard, GL Parker, ML Krewer, GW Beckman, TG Wood, BW Smith, JE Whiddon, J AF Reighard, GL Parker, ML Krewer, GW Beckman, TG Wood, BW Smith, JE Whiddon, J TI Impact of hurricanes on peach and pecan orchards in the southeastern United States SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (ASHS) CY JUL 30, 1999 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci AB Hurricane and tropical storm damage to the tree fruit and nut industry in the Carolinas and Georgia over the past decade has been significant. Generally, hurricanes are thought to be more of a problem to coastal areas where few tree fruit are grown. However, recent hurricanes with landfalls on the southeastern coast of the United States have reached production areas up to 320-400 km inland, with wind speeds from 128-176 km/h, often preceded by torrential rainfall (i.e., 20-30 cm). These hurricane-associated winds and rains have had a large negative impact on crops such as peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and pecans [Carya illinoinensis (F.A. Wagenheim) K. Koch]. The primary problems with hurricanes and tropical storms are the combined effects of excessive rain, followed by high winds. Winds also come from both the front and back of a hurricane, beginning in the southeastern United States with northeastern winds from the storm's counterclockwise circulation, and ending with southwestern winds. These winds break limbs and remove leaves and fruit from fruit and nut trees. In addition, this change of wind direction by 180 degrees (i.e., twisting effect) seriously damages the root system of trees, and may uproot the whole tree. Flooding further stresses the affected trees. In addition, in coastal area; tidal surges and salt spray can also damage trees. Recent reports have described past hurricane damage, pest outbreaks, pre- and poststorm cultural practices, and recommendations for future hurricanes for subtropical tree fruitcrops (Crane et al.. 1994) and southeastern forests (Barry et al.. 1993). This paper will describe hurricane and tropical storm damage to peach and pecan trees based upon both short- and long-term observations in the field, and will review cultural practices that have helped amend past orchard damage and may potentially minimize damage from future storms. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Pierce Cty Extens Serv, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Georgia, Brooks Cty Extens Serv, Quitman, GA 31643 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Reighard, GL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 250 EP 252 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200012 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Goff, W Nesbitt, M AF Wood, BW Goff, W Nesbitt, M TI Pecans and hurricanes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science (ASHS) CY JUL 30, 1999 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci ID UNITED-STATES; FRUIT; DAMAGES; RETURN C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Alabama Expt Stn, Gulf Coast Substn, Fairhope, AL USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200013 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Reilly, CC AF Wood, BW Reilly, CC TI Atypical symptoms of cold damage to pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; cold injury; fruiting stress; physiology; root starvation; nutrient elements; growth; death; alternate bearing ID CROP LOAD; CULTIVAR; INJURY; YIELD; FRUIT AB Bearing pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] trees overly stressed by crop lead and premature autumn defoliation either died or were severely damaged by -3 degreesC in mid-November. Orchard damage was associated with death of tree roots during the dormant season. Exposure of stressed trees to -5 degreesC in mid-March produced an atypical, but distinct, bottom-to-top-of-canopy gradient in bud death and reduced growth of shoots and foliage that was consistent with the pattern of reduced carbohydrate reserves of associated support shoots. Additionally, the foliage of damaged trees contained higher concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and B. Trees did not exhibit traditional symptoms of cold damage, thus these findings extend cold injury diagnostic criteria to include both root and tree death during the dormant season and also a distinct gradient in shoot death during early spring. Damage by cold appears to be preventable by avoiding excessive tree stress due to overcropping and premature defoliation. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 298 EP 301 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200023 ER PT J AU Albano, JP Miller, WB AF Albano, JP Miller, WB TI Photodegradation of FeDTPA in nutrient solutions. I. Effects of irradiance, wavelength, and temperature SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plant nutrition; FeDTPA; FeEDTA; Fe-chelate; photochemistry ID IRON; EDTA AB Irradiation of FeDTPA-containing nutrient solutions by a fluorescent plus incandescent light source resulted in the loss of both Fe-chelate and soluble Fe, the formation of a precipitate that was composed mostly of Fe, and a rise in pH. The rate of Fe-chelate photodegradation in solution increased with irradiance intensity and with solution temperature under irradiation, but irradiance had the greater effect. Fe-chelates absorb in the blue and UV regions of the spectrum. Removal of these wavelengths with a spectral filter eliminated photodegradation. Chemical name used: ferric diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (FeDTPA). C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Albano, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200027 ER PT J AU Albano, JP Miller, WB AF Albano, JP Miller, WB TI Photodegradation of FeDTPA in nutrient solutions. II. Effects on root physiology and foliar Fe and Mn levels in marigold SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plant nutrition; Tagetes erecta; FeDTPA; FeEDTA; Fe-efficiency; Fe-deficiency; Mn toxicity ID TAGETES-ERECTA L; IRON TOXICITY; PLANTS; REDUCTION AB Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) grown hydroponically in an irradiated nutrient solution containing FeDTPA had root ferric reductase activity 120% greater, foliar Fe level 33% less, and foliar Mn level 90% greater than did plants grown in an identical, nonirradiated solution, indicating that the plants growing in the irradiated solution were responding to Fe-deficiency stress with physiological reactions associated with Fe efficiency. The youngest leaves of plants grown in the irradiated solution had symptoms of Mn toxicity (interveinal chlorosis, shiny-bronze necrotic spots, and leaf deformation). Plants grown in irradiated solution in which the precipitated Fe was replaced with fresh Fe-chelate were, in general, no different from those grown in the nonirradiated solution. Chemical name used: ferric diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (FeDTPA). C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Albano, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200028 ER PT J AU Bowman, KD Shapiro, JP Lapointe, SL AF Bowman, KD Shapiro, JP Lapointe, SL TI Sources of resistance to Diaprepes weevil in subfamily Aurantiodeae, rutaceae SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insect injury; Diaprepes abbreviatus; citrus; rootstock ID GLYCOSMIS-PENTAPHYLLA; CENTRAL FLORIDA; ROOT WEEVIL; CITRUS; ABBREVIATUS; ROOTSTOCKS; CURCULIONIDAE; PERFORMANCE; COLEOPTERA; HYBRIDS AB Commercially used citrus rootstocks can all be seriously damaged by larvae of the sugar cane root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.). Six greenhouse challenge experiments were used to compare the resistance of 24 selections of citrus rootstocks and related species to this weevil by measuring root damage, and larval growth and survival. The commercial rootstocks tested were found to be susceptible, while at least seven other species within the subfamily Aurantiodeae were observed to be significantly more resistant. The species Balsamocitrus dawei Stapf. was most resistant to weevil larvae, exhibited less root damage than commonly used rootstock cultivars, and significantly depressed larval growth and survival. The species Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa, Microcitrus australis (Planch.) Swing., Eremocitrus glauca (Lindl.) Swing., Severinia buxifolia (Poir.) Tenore, Triphasia trifolia (Burm. f.) P. Wils., and Citrus hystrix DC. suffered as much damage from the weevil as common rootstock cultivars but significantly depressed growth of larvae feeding on them. One new hybrid rootstock, HRS 801, also significantly depressed D. abbreviatus larval growth, but this effect has not yet been verified as having significance in a long-term or field situation. Several strategies are discussed for developing citrus rootstocks resistant to D. abbreviatus. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bowman, KD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 332 EP 336 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200032 ER PT J AU Starrett, MC Blazich, FA Shafer, SR Grand, LF AF Starrett, MC Blazich, FA Shafer, SR Grand, LF TI In vitro colonization of micropropagated Pieris floribunda by ericoid mycorrhizae. I. Establishment of mycorrhizae on microshoots SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mountain andromeda; Hymenoscyphus ericae; Oidiodendron griseum; Oidiodendron maius; micropropagation; tissue culture ID OIDIODENDRON; RHODODENDRON; VACCINIUM; ULTRASTRUCTURE; ENDOPHYTE; PLANTS; FUNGI AB Selected isolates of Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf and Kernan, Oidiodendron griseum Robak, O. maius Barron, and a second O. Robak species were evaluated as inocula for in vitro establishment of micropropagated plantlets of Pieris floribunda (Pursh ex Sims) Benth. and Hook. Severity of shoot necrosis on microshoots differed for each isolate of Oidiodendron. Inoculation of micropropagated plantlets with isolates of H. ericae benefited initial shoot and root development on agar-solidified Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with sucrose and covered by a layer of autoclaved 1 peat : 1 vermiculite (v/v). Inoculation of microshoots with H. ericae or isolates of Oidiodendron did not stimulate production of adventitious roots. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Starrett, MC (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Hills Sci Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200038 ER PT J AU Starrett, MC Blazich, FA Shafer, SR Grand, LF AF Starrett, MC Blazich, FA Shafer, SR Grand, LF TI In vitro colonization of micropropagated Pieris floribunda by ericoid mycorrhizae. II. Effects on acclimatization and growth SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hymenoscyphus ericae; mountain andromeda; micropropagation; mycorrhiza; tissue culture ID VACCINIUM-MACROCARPON AIT; BLUEBERRY; ERICACEAE; INFECTION; CULTURE; BIOLOGY; PLANTS AB Inoculation of microshoots of Pieris floribunda (Pursh ex Sims) Benth, and Hook. (mountain andromeda) with isolates of Hymenoseyphus ericae (Read) Korf and Kernan ericoid mycorrhizal fungi stimulated growth during 1 month in vitro. However, no benefits were apparent after 3 months in a greenhouse. Acclimatization of plantlets of P. floribunda to greenhouse conditions following in vitro inoculation improved survival (42% vs. 16% for controls). The protocol reported herein is similar to procedures utilized currently for micropropagation of various ericaceous species and has potential to improve plantlet survival during acclimatization. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Starrett, MC (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Hills Sci Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 357 EP 359 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200039 ER PT J AU Sheridan, PM Griesbach, RJ AF Sheridan, PM Griesbach, RJ TI Anthocyanidins of Sarracenia L. flowers and leaves SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sarracenia flava; Sarracenia leucophylla; Sarracenia psitticina; Sarracenia purpurea; Sarracenia rubra; pitcher plant; pigments; anthocyanin ID PETUNIA C1 Meadow View Biol Res Stn, Woodford, VA 22580 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Griesbach, RJ (reprint author), Meadow View Biol Res Stn, 8390 Fredericksburg Turnpike, Woodford, VA 22580 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 384 EP 384 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200047 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR AF Stommel, JR TI USDA 97L63, 97L66, and 97L97: Tomato breeding lines with high fruit beta-carotene content SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; Lycopersicon esculentum; Lycopersicon cheesmanii; pigment; value added; vitamin A ID LYCOPERSICON C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 387 EP 388 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200049 ER PT J AU Luby, JJ Wildung, DK Galletta, GJ AF Luby, JJ Wildung, DK Galletta, GJ TI MNUS 210 (Winona (TM)) strawberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria x ananassa; strawberry breeding C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, N Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, 1970 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 392 EP 394 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 423DY UT WOS:000168161200051 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD AF Hansen, JD TI Ultrasound treatments to control surface pests of fruit SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; codling moth; Tetranychus urticae; twospotted spider mite; Frankliniella occidentalis; western flower thrips; Quadraspidiotus perniciosus; san jose scale; phytosanitation ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE ULTRASOUND; DROSOPHILA LARVAE AB Durations of ultrasound treatments were evaluated for efficacy in removing or destroying external pests of apples (Malus sylvestris var damestica). Egg hatch of codling moth (Cydia pomonella; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was inversely related to time of ultrasound exposure, although egg mortality was less than 60% after 45 min of treatment. Mortality of twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae, Acari: Tetranychidae), and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis, Thysanoptera: Thripidae), was directly related to ultrasound durations; adding detergent to the ultrasound bath increased treatment efficacy. Ultrasound did not remove san jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Homoptera: Diaspididae), from the fruit surface. Ultrasound, which can be incorporated in the packing line, shows promise as a postharvest phytosanitation treatment against external pests. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 2 BP 186 EP 188 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 522ZQ UT WOS:000173927200005 ER PT J AU Albano, JP Miller, WB AF Albano, JP Miller, WB TI Ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (FeEDTA) photodegradation in commercially produced soluble fertilizers SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant nutrition; iron-chelate; FeDTPA; photochemistry AB Irradiation of, ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (FeEDTA, iron chelate)-containing commercial fertilizer solutions by fluorescent plus incandescent lamps resulted in the loss of both FeEDTA and soluble iron (Fe), and the formation of a yellow-tan precipitate that was mostly composed of Fe. The ratio of soluble Fe:manganese (Mn) was altered due to FeEDTA photodegradation from 2:1 in the nonirradiated solutions to 1:4 in the irradiated solutions, respectively. Storing fertilizer solutions in containers that were impervious to light prevented FeEDTA photodegradation. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Floriculture & Ornamental Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Albano, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 2 BP 265 EP 267 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 522ZQ UT WOS:000173927200021 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC Neven, LG Drake, SR AF Shellie, KC Neven, LG Drake, SR TI Assessing 'Bing' sweet cherry tolerance to a heated controlled atmosphere for insect pest control SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disinfestation; methyl bromide; hot forced air; fumigation; quality; postharvest AB Sweet cherries (Prunus avium 'Bing') exposed to 113 or 117 OF (45 or 47 degreesC) in an atmosphere of 1% oxygen with 15% carbon dioxide (balance nitrogen) were heated to a maximum center temperature of 112 or 115 degreesF (44 or 46 degreesC) in 41 or 27 min, respectively. Heated cherries had similar incidence of pitting and decay, and similar preference ratings after 14 days of storage at 34 degreesF (1 degreesC) as nonheated or methyl bromide fumigated fruit. Heated cherries and methyl bromide fumigated cherries were less firm after 14 days of cold storage than nonheated, control fruit. The stems of methyl bromide fumigated cherries were less green than heated or nonheated cherries. Cherries exposed to 113 degreesF had lower titratable acidity than nonheated cherries, fumigated cherries, or cherries exposed to 117 degreesF. Cherry quality after 14 days of cold storage was not affected by hydrocooling before heating (5 min in water at 34 degreesF) or by method of cooling after heating (hydrocooling, forced air cooling, or static air cooling). Cherries stored for 14 days at 34 degreesF in 6% oxygen with 17% carbon dioxide (balance nitrogen) had similar market quality as cherries stored in air at 34 degreesF. Results suggest that 'Bing' sweet cherry can tolerate heating in an atmosphere of low oxygen containing elevated carbon dioxide at doses that may provide quarantine security against codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and western cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cingulata). C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 2 BP 308 EP 311 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 522ZQ UT WOS:000173927200029 ER PT J AU Valdez, RA McGuire, TC Brown, WC Davis, WC Knowles, DP AF Valdez, RA McGuire, TC Brown, WC Davis, WC Knowles, DP TI Long-term in vivo depletion of functional CD4(+) T lymphocytes from calves requires both thymectomy and anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; CELL SUBPOPULATIONS; BOVINE; SUBSETS; INVIVO; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; ELIMINATION; REACTIVITY; RESPONSES AB In vivo depletion of lymphocyte subsets is a direct approach used for dissection of the mechanisms of protective immunity. Long-term in vivo depletion of bovine T lymphocyte subpopulations with monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment alone has been difficult to achieve. The objective of this study was to determine whether both thymectomy and anti-CD4 mAb treatment would optimize long-term in vivo depletion of functional bovine CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Calves were thymectomized and treated with high doses of anti-CD4 mAb (approximately 5 mg/kg) over 4 days followed by subsequent lower doses (approximately 0.3 mg/kg) administered twice weekly for an additional 7 weeks. Depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes from blood, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes was significantly improved in the thymectomized calves compared to thymus-intact anti-CD4 mAb-treated calves. Significant differences in percentages of CD4(+) T lymphocytes between thymectomized and thymus-intact calves were sustained for the duration of the 8-week study. Depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes from thymectomized calves resulted in complete abrogation of lymphoproliferative responses to ovalbumin. In addition, thymectomized calves treated with anti-CD4 mAb had significantly reduced immunoglobulin G1 and no detectable immunoglobulin G2 ovalbumin-specific antibody responses compared to thymus-intact anti-CD4 mAb-treated calves. The results of this study demonstrate that both thymectomy and treatment with anti-CD4 mAb are required for long-term in vivo depletion of functional bovine CD4(+) T lymphocytes. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Valdez, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08AI01447] NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD APR PY 2001 VL 102 IS 4 BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01211.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 426YT UT WOS:000168378200006 PM 11328376 ER PT J AU Register, KB Ducey, TF Brockmeier, SL Dyer, DW AF Register, KB Ducey, TF Brockmeier, SL Dyer, DW TI Reduced virulence of a Bordetella bronchiseptica siderophore mutant in neonatal swine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ADENYLATE-CYCLASE TOXIN; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; PERTUSSIS; ALCALIGIN; IDENTIFICATION; IRON; MODEL AB One means by which Bordetella bronchiseptica scavenges iron is through production of the siderophore alcaligin, A nonrevertible alcaligin mutant derived from the virulent strain 4609, designated DBB25, was constructed by insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene into alcA, one of the genes essential for alcaligin biosynthesis, The virulence of the alcA mutant in colostrum-deprived, caesarean-delivered piglets was compared with that of the parent strain in two experiments. At 1 week of age, piglets were inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline, 4609, or DBB25, Two piglets in each group were euthanatized on day 10 postinfection, The remainder were euthanatized at 21 days postinfection. Clinical signs, including fever, coughing, and sneezing, were present in both groups. Nasal washes performed 7, 14, and 21 days postinoculation demonstrated that strain DBB25 colonized the nasal cavity but did so at levels that were significantly less than those achieved by strain 4609, Analysis of colonization based on the number of CFU per gram of tissue recovered from the turbinate, trachea, and lung also demonstrated significant differences between DBB25 and 4609, at both day 10 and day 21 postinfection, Mild to moderate turbinate atrophy was apparent in pigs inoculated,vith strain 4609, while turbinates of those infected with strain DBB25 developed no or mild atrophy. We conclude from these results that siderophore production by B. bronchiseptica is not essential for colonization of swine but is required for maximal virulence, B. bronchiseptica mutants with nonrevertible defects in genes required for alcaligin synthesis may be candidates for evaluation as attenuated, live vaccine strains in conventionally reared pigs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Swine Resp Dis Project, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Swine Resp Dis Project, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 BP 2137 EP 2143 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.4.2137-2143.2001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 413MT UT WOS:000167616500021 PM 11254568 ER PT J AU Shoda, LKM Kegerreis, KA Suarez, CE Roditi, I Corral, RS Bertot, GM Norimine, J Brown, WC AF Shoda, LKM Kegerreis, KA Suarez, CE Roditi, I Corral, RS Bertot, GM Norimine, J Brown, WC TI DNA from protozoan parasites Babesia bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T-brucei is mitogenic for B lymphocytes and stimulates macrophage expression of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION; BACTERIAL-DNA; IN-VITRO; CHAGAS-DISEASE; IMMUNE CELLS; CPG MOTIFS; T-CELLS; INFECTION; RESPONSES AB The activation of innate immune responses by genomic DNA from bacteria and several nonvertebrate organisms represents a novel mechanism of pathogen recognition. We recently demonstrated the CpG-dependent mitogenic activity of DNA from the protozoan parasite Babesia bovis for bovine B lymphocytes (W.C. Brown, D. M. Estes, S. E. Chantler, K. A. Kegerreis, and C. E. Suarez, Infect. Immun. 66:5423-5432, 1998). However, activation of macrophages by DNA from protozoan parasites has not been demonstrated. The present study was therefore conducted to determine whether DNA from the protozan parasites B. bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei activates macrophages to secrete inflammatory mediators associated with protective immunity. DNA from Escherichia coli and all three parasites stimulated B-lymphocyte proliferation and increased macrophage production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and nitric oxide (NO). Regulation of IL-12 and NO production occurred at the level of transcription. The amounts of IL-12, TNF-alpha, and NO induced by E. coli and protozoal DNA were strongly correlated (r(2) > 0.9) with the frequency of CG dinucleotides in the genome, and immunostimulation by DNA occurred in the order E. coli greater than or equal to T. cruzi > T. brucei > B. bovis. Induction of inflammatory mediators by E. coli, T. brucei, and B. bovis DNA was dependent on the presence of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides. However, at high concentrations, E. coli and T. cruzi DNA-mediated macrophage activation was not inhibited following methylation. The recognition of protozoal DNA by B lymphocytes and macrophages may provide an important innate defense mechanism to control parasite replication and promote persistent infection. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Cell Biol, Bern, Switzerland. Hosp Ninos Dr Ricardo Gutierrez, Virol Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Brown, WC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wbrown@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI30136] NR 52 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 BP 2162 EP 2171 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.4.2162-2171.2001 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 413MT UT WOS:000167616500024 PM 11254571 ER PT J AU Zhao, CQ Nguyen, T Liu, LD Sacco, RE Brogden, KA Lehrer, RI AF Zhao, CQ Nguyen, T Liu, LD Sacco, RE Brogden, KA Lehrer, RI TI Gallinacin-3, an inducible epithelial beta-defensin in the chicken SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; HUMAN BETA-DEFENSIN-2; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; ALPHA-DEFENSINS; EXPRESSION; CELLS; HBD-1; GENES AB Gallinacin-3 and gallopavin-1 (GPV-1) are newly characterized, epithelial P-defensins of the chicken (Gallus gallu) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), respectively. In normal chickens, the expression of gallinacin- was especially prominent in the tongue, bursa of Fabricius, and trachea. It also occurred in other organs, including the skin, esophagus, air sacs, large intestine, and kidney. Tracheal expression of gallinacin- increased significantly after experimental infection of chickens with Haemophilus paragallinarum, whereas its expression in the tongue, esophagus, and bursa of Fabricius was unaffected. The precursor of gallinacin-3 contained a long C-terminal extension not present in the prepropeptide. By comparing the cDNA sequences of gallinacin-3 and GPV-1, we concluded that a 2-nucleotide insertion into the gallinacin-3 gene had induced a frameshift that read through the original stop codon and allowed the chicken propeptide to lengthen. The striking structural resemblance of the precursors of beta -defensins to those of crotamines (highly toxic peptides found in rattlesnake venom) supports their homology, even though defensins are specialized to kill microorganisms and crotamines are specialized to kill much larger prey. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lehrer, RI (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Room CHS 37-062,10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 43 TC 111 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 BP 2684 EP 2691 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.4.2684-2691.2001 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 413MT UT WOS:000167616500088 PM 11254635 ER PT J AU Harper, DP Wolcott, MP Rials, TG AF Harper, DP Wolcott, MP Rials, TG TI Evaluation of the cure kinetics of the wood/pMDI bondline SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE wood; polymeric isocyanate; cure kinetics; dielectric analysis AB Micro-dielectric analysis (mu DEA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to monitor cure of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin with wood strands in a saturated steam environment. A first-order autocatalyzed kinetic model was employed to determine kinetic parameters. The kinetics were found to follow an Arrhenius relation. A single ramp DSC technique and mu DEA produced models that predicted similar results at higher cure temperatures, but the mu DEA-based model predicts a longer cure time at low temperatures. The isothermal mu DEA method yields higher activation energies and Arrhenius frequency factors than models based on single DSC ramps. A modification to ASTM E698 was made to conform to the assumption of autocatalyzed kinetics. The modified ASTM E698 method predicted an earlier end of cure than the mu DEA-based models and was in agreement with DSC results obtained by partial cure experiments. The activation energies and frequency factors for the different cure monitoring methods are sensitive to different stages of cure. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Wolcott, MP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI Harper, David/0000-0003-2783-5406 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD APR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0143-7496(00)00045-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 411KD UT WOS:000167498500006 ER PT J AU Maiersperger, TK Cohen, WB Ganio, LM AF Maiersperger, TK Cohen, WB Ganio, LM TI A TM-based hardwood-conifer mixture index for closed canopy forests in the Oregon Coast Range SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; INFORMATION-CONTENT; TRANSFORMATION AB The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a multi-spectral vegetation index for quantifying relative amounts of hardwood and conifer cover from Thematic Mapper ( TM) imagery. We focused on closed canopy forests in the Oregon Coast Range, where hardwood, conifer, and mixed stand conditions are prevalent. An approach based on the Gramm-Schmidt orthogonalization process was used to derive three different hardwood-conifer mixture indices (HCMIs). Using correlation and regression analyses, the capacity of these indices to predict closed canopy hardwood percentage was compared with three other groups of spectral variables: (1) the untransformed TM reflectance bands, (2) the Tasseled Cap indices of brightness, greenness, and wetness, and (3) the first three principal components of closed canopy forest reflectance. Results show that while similar amounts of information were explained by HCMI, TM band, Tasseled Cap, and principal component models, only predictions derived from the HCMI1 and HCMI2 variables were unbiased with respect to topographic effects. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Maiersperger, TK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2001 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1066 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 423QX UT WOS:000168189200009 ER PT J AU Wittmeyer, JL Coudron, TA Adams, TS AF Wittmeyer, JL Coudron, TA Adams, TS TI Ovarian development, fertility and fecundity in Podisus maculiventris Say (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae): an analysis of the impact of nymphal, adult, male and female nutritional source on reproduction SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Podisus maculiventris; oogenesis; vitellogenesis; ovarian development; artificial diet ID PERILLUS-BIOCULATUS; VITELLOGENIN LEVELS; ARTIFICIAL DIETS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; EGG-PRODUCTION; MATING STATUS; HEMIPTERA; OVIPOSITION; HYMENOPTERA; HOST AB The rate of ovarian maturation, stages of follicle development, fertility and fecundity of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were examined under various nymphal and adult feeding regimes, In Heteroptera, both juvenile and adult nutrition potentially impact on reproductive development and fecundity. Natural larval prey (Trichoplusia ni Hubner) and an insect-free artificial diet (liver and egg-based) were used as food sources for nymphal and adult P. maculiventris. Results showed that nymphal and adult food source both played a significant role in ovarian development and reproductive output of females. The nymphal food source played a significant role in the process of oogenesis, as seen by the formation of follicles at the pre-vitellogenic stage. The adult food source significantly influenced the process of vitellogenesis as seen by the number of vitellogenic and chorionated follicles present within the ovarioles. Feeding on larval prey, at the adult stage only, improved the rate of ovarian maturation, including the number of vitellogenic follicles. However, the role of nymphal food still remained significant for the reproductive output of mated females (i.e., number of eggs and percent hatch). Feeding the artificial diet to adults that were reared as nymphs on larval prey reduced both ovarian maturation rate and fecundity to levels significantly lower than females fed larval prey during both nymphal and adult stages. The reproductive capacity of prey-fed females was not affected by mating with diet-fed males and the reproductive capacity of diet-fed females was not improved by mating with prey-fed males. C1 ARS, Biol Control Insect Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. ARS, Insect Genet & Biochem Unit, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Insect Res Lab, USDA, Res Pk,1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 7 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0168-8170 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1080/07924259.2001.9652463 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 436JK UT WOS:000168932600002 ER PT J AU Adams, TS AF Adams, TS TI Morphology of the internal reproductive system of the male and female two-spotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (F.) (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) and the transfer of products during mating SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE ejaculatory pouch; ejaculatory pouch proteins; spermathecal pouch; mating ID MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES; OVIPOSITION; GRASSHOPPER; HEMIPTERA; PROTEIN; DIET AB The reproductive systems of male and female Perillus bioculatus are typical for the Pentatomidae. A detailed examination of the spermatheca revealed that the duct assembly acts as a valve. When the valve is open, male secretions pass into the spermathecal pouch, but in the closed position sperm pass through the spermathecal duct extension and enter the spermathecal bulb. Males have a composite ejaculatory bulb that is composed of dorsal and ventral units. The dorsal ejaculatory bulb is formed by tissues that are continuous with the walls of the outer ejaculatory duct. Extensions from the dorsal bulb form the medial and lateral ejaculatory pouches. Ectadenia open into the dorsal bulb and their secretions fill the ejaculatory pouches which increase in volume from 3.5 days post-emergence as the male matures. The ventral ejaculatory bulb is muscular and receives the seminal vesicles. Mesadenia open into the seminal vesicles and their secretions, along with sperm, pass through the ventral ejaculatory bulb. The ejaculatory duct consists of outer and inner units. The outer unit is a continuation of the dorsal ejaculatory bulb while the inner unit is a continuation of the ventral ejaculatory bulb. During mating, the male genitalia clasp a tubercle on the vaginal genital plate that contains the opening of the spermathecal duct and materials from the male are introduced directly into the spermathecal duct. Within 1.5 h of mating, male ejaculatory pouch volume decreased 86%, but were completely recharged within 24 h of the completion of mating. Spermathecal pouch volume increased more than twofold after mating for 0.5 h. Three soluble glycoproteins, p1, p2, and p3, with molecular masses of 101.9, 86.3, and 72.8 kDa, respectively, were stored in the ejaculatory pouches and transferred to the female spermathecal pouch during mating. C1 ARS, Red River Valley Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Adams, TS (reprint author), ARS, Red River Valley Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0168-8170 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1080/07924259.2001.9652466 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 436JK UT WOS:000168932600005 ER PT J AU Davey, RB Miller, JA George, JE AF Davey, RB Miller, JA George, JE TI Efficacy of daily oral treatments of ivermectin administered to cattle infested with Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ivermectin; Boophilus microplus; oral treatment; macrocyclic lactone; cattle tick; acaricidal activity ID SUSTAINED-RELEASE BOLUS; LONE STAR TICKS AB The efficacy of ivermectin administered orally to cattle infested with all parasitic stages of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) ticks was evaluated. Ivermectin capsules were administered to two separate groups of cattle at a dose rate of either 25 or 50 mug/kg for a period of 21 consecutive days. A third group of calves received a placebo capsule each day and served as a control. Although the overall control achieved at both doses of ivermectin was > 99% against all parasitic stages, the 50 mug/kg/d dose was significantly more effective than the 25 mug/kg/d dose against each developmental stage of the tick. Each ivermectin treatment dose produced a significantly higher percentage reduction in female tick numbers against ticks that were adults at the time of treatment onset than was observed against immature ticks (nymphs and larvae), however the 50 mug/kg/d treatment was significantly more effective in reducing tick numbers, regardless of the developmental stage of the ticks. Both engorgement weight and egg mass weight of females were significantly lower in the ivermectin treated groups than were observed in the untreated group. The potential applicability for treating tick-infested cattle with different delivery systems, such as daily oral treatments, boluses, and medicated feed that contain ivermectin or other macrocyclic lactone compounds is also discussed. C1 Agr Res Serv, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, USDA, So Plains Area, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, So Plains Area, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Davey, RB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, USDA, So Plains Area, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 18 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 505WC UT WOS:000172937700006 ER PT J AU Klindt, J Yen, JT Christenson, RK AF Klindt, J Yen, JT Christenson, RK TI Effect of prepubertal feeding regimen on reproductive development and performance of gilts through the first pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Annual Meeting of the ASAS CY JUL, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP ASAS DE gilts; growth; pregnancy; puberty ID NUTRITION AB Development of gilts that conceive early and continue to produce offspring is an objective of swine production. We investigated different patterns of growth on reproductive development and performance of gilts through the first farrowing. At 13 wk of age and 43 kg BW, 286 white crossbred gilts were penned individually and assigned to treatments: Ad lib, ad libitum intake from 13 to 25 wk of age; Control, ad libitum intake from 13 wk of age until 100 kg BW and then 90% of ad libitum intake until 25 wk of age; and Restricted, 74% of ad libitum intake from 13 wk to 25 wk of age. Feed was formulated to restrict energy intake. The study was replicated in three seasons. At 25 wk of age, gilts were moved by treatment to group pens, fed for ad libitum consumption, and estrus detection was initiated. Gilts were inseminated at first estrus, and those recycling were remated. Postmating gilts were fed 1.5x maintenance until 105 to 110 d of pregnancy. Gilts were moved either to the farrowing facility or the abattoir at 105 to 110 d of pregnancy. Those taken to the abattoir were slaughtered and number, weight, and condition of the fetuses were recorded. Gilts moved to the farrowing facility were allowed to farrow, and number, weight, and condition of the piglets were recorded. Daily feed intake during breeding was 3.4 kg/ d by Restricted gilts, 2.9 by Control gilts, and 2.7 kg/d by Ad lib gilts. Increased feed intake by Restricted gilts during breeding resulted in compensatory gains that overcame the reduced reproductive performance that resulted from the reduced BW and backfat these gilts carried at the start of breeding. Days to first estrus and pregnancy were not influenced by development period treatment (P < 0.13). Percentage of Ad Lib, Control, and Restricted gilts that successfully completed their pregnancies were 61, 74, and 66, respectively (P > 0.19). Total feed fed from 13 wk of age to end of the first pregnancy per gilt assigned did not differ among Ad lib (506 kg) and Control (498 kg) gilts but was less (P < 0.01) in Restricted gilts (451 kg). Number of piglets born per gilt assigned (P > 0.09) and piglets produced per kilogram of feed fed from 13 wk of age to term (P > 0.29) were 6.47 and 0.0134 in Ad lib gilts, 7.26 and 0.0150 in Control gilts, and 6.38 and 0.0149 in Restricted gilts, respectively. Moderate feed restriction, 74% of ad libitum intake, reduced feed consumed from 13 wk of age to end of the first pregnancy with no significant impact on efficiency of piglet production. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Klindt, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 787 EP 795 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421PE UT WOS:000168072100001 PM 11325181 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Knight, AD Van Vleck, LD Bromley, CM Kellom, TR AF Snowder, GD Knight, AD Van Vleck, LD Bromley, CM Kellom, TR TI Usefulness of subjective ovine milk scores: I. Associations with range ewe characteristics and lamb production SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ewes; growth; lactation; lambs; management; milk ID MAMMARY-GLAND; GROWTH; BREED; PERFORMANCE; PREGNANCY; LACTATION; TARGHEE; WEIGHT; DAM AB Range ewes are commonly evaluated for milking ability by producers to determine the ewe's ability to rear lamb(s). The U.S. Sheep Experiment Station has subjectively scored (low, average, high) a ewe's milking ability within 24 h of lambing for many years. The relationship of subjective milk scores with lamb production was investigated using lambing records of Columbia (n = 1,731), Polypay (n = 1,129), Rambouillet (n = 1,704), and Targhee (n = 1,638) ewes. The incidence of high milk scores increased from less than 10% at first parity to 29 to 40% at second and greater parities. At maturity, Columbia ewes (38%) had the highest percentage of high milk scores. A positive association existed between ewe BW and her milk score at third and later parities. Ewes with high milk scores gave birth to heavier lambs (P < 0.05), whereas ewes with low milk scores were associated with lighter (P < 0.05) lambs at birth. Ewes with low milk scores weaned less (P < 0.05) total weight than ewes with better milk scores across all age groups for all breeds. Lighter weaned litter weights from ewes with low milk scores were linked to lighter birth weights and fewer weaned lambs. Differences for Litter weight weaned between ewes with average and high milk scores were generally observed at 2 and 3 yr of age, when litter weights were heavier among ewes with high milli scores (P < 0.05) for all breeds. Between the ages of 1 and 3 yr, Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet, and Targhee ewes with an average milk score weaned heavier (P < 0.05) litters (average differences of 10, 9, 13, and 12%, respectively) than ewes with low milk scores. For all breeds at all ages, individual lamb weaning weights were heavier (P < 0.05) when they were reared by ewes with high milk scores compared to lambs reared by ewes with low milk scores. Results suggest that milk score is an economically important trait in these four breeds and should be considered in management and breeding objectives; at a minimum, the incidence of low milk scores should be kept as small as possible. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Snowder, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 811 EP 818 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421PE UT WOS:000168072100004 PM 11325184 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL Jenkins, TG AF Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL Jenkins, TG TI Production performance of beef cows raised on three different nutritionally controlled heifer development programs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; development; growth; weight gain ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; GROWTH-PATTERN; DAIRY HEIFERS; LACTATION; GAIN; PUBERTY; MILK; AGE AB The objective of this study was to determine primiparous heifer performance following three different heifer development strategies that were the result of timed nutrient limitation. Two hundred eighty-two spring-born MARC III heifers were weaned at 203 +/- 1 d of age and 205 +/- I kg BW. The experiment was conducted on two calf crops with 120 heifers born in 1996 and 162 heifers born in 1997. Treatments consisted of different quantities of the same diet being offered for a 205-d period. Heifers in the HIGH treatment were offered 263 kcal ME/(BWkg)(0.75) daily. Heifers in the MEDIUM treatment were offered 238 kcal ME/ (BWkg)(0.75) daily. Heifers in the LOW-HIGH treatment were offered 157 kcal ME/(BWkg)(0.75) daily the first 83 d and 277 kcal ME/(BWkg)(0.75) daily for the remainder of the 205 d. Treatments differed in total ME intake (P < 0.001); heifers on the HIGH treatment consumed 3,072 59 Mcal/heifer, those on the MEDIUM treatment consumed 2,854 +/- 21 Mcal/heifer, and those on the LOW-HIGH treatment consumed 2,652 +/- 19 Mcal/ heifer. At the beginning of breeding, heifers on the HIGH treatment were taller at the hips (P = 0.01) and weighed more (P < 0.001) than heifers in the other two treatments. The percentage of heifers that calved expressed as a fraction of the cows exposed did not differ among treatments (89.7%; P = 0.83). The age of heifer at parturition (P = 0.74) and the time from first bull exposure to calving (P = 0.38) did not differ among treatments. Birth weight of calves (P = 0.80) and the calves' weaning weight (P = 0.60) did not differ among the treatments. Calf survival rate on the LOW-HIGH treatment (73%) was lower than that on the moderate treatment (89%; P = 0.007) but did not differ from that on the HIGH treatment (81%; P = 0.26). The second-calf pregnancy rate (92.8%) for cows with a nursing calf at the start of breeding did not differ between treatments (P = 0.83). These findings suggest that as long as heifers are growing and meet a minimal BW before mating, patterns of growth may be altered in the postweaning period without a decrease in the ability of the heifer to conceive or a decrease in calf growth potential. However, limit-feeding heifers may decrease first-calf survival. These alterations in postweaning gain through monitoring the amount of feed offered can be used to optimize feed resources. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 819 EP 826 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421PE UT WOS:000168072100005 PM 11325185 ER PT J AU Aiken, GE Piper, EL Miesner, CR AF Aiken, GE Piper, EL Miesner, CR TI Influence of protein supplementation and implant status on alleviating fescue toxicosis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE animal health; cattle; festuca; poisoning; stress ID TALL FESCUE; PERFORMANCE; ENDOPHYTE; ACREMONIUM; ERGOVALINE; ALKALOIDS; CALVES; STEERS AB Heat stress is a major problem in transporting stocker calves with symptoms of fescue toxicosis. Removing calves from tall fescue pastures and offering diets devoid of endophyte-infected tall fescue could reduce the severity of toxicosis and precondition calves for transport to the feedlot. In the present experiment, a pasture phase was used to condition yearling steers to grazing tall fescue and induce symptoms of fescue toxicosis, and a pen phase followed to determine effects of implanting at the start of grazing and protein supplementation (hay only vs hay plus supplement) on shortterm changes in rectal temperature and serum prolactin concentration Neither implant status nor protein supplementation affected (P > 0.10) white blood cell count or rectal temperature. White blood cell counts at the conclusion of the pasture phase averaged 8,778 cells/muL and were within a range indicating no immunological response. Changes in rectal temperature and serum prolactin concentration during the pen phase were not influenced (P > 0.10) by implanting or supplementation. Initial, rectal temperatures for the pen phase were high (39.9 degreesC) but declined linearly (P < 0.001) over the first 106 h and were below a normal temperature (39.2C) by 82 h following removal from tall fescue pastures. Serum prolactin gradually increased (P < 0.001) to a peak by 82 h and stabilized thereafter. Results indicate that neither supplemental protein nor an estrogenic implant influenced recovery indices of fescue toxicosis, whereas removing calves from tall fescue pastures and excluding dietary tall fescue for 3 to 4 d may alleviate symptoms of fescue toxicosis. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Booneville Vet Clin, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 Highway 23S, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 827 EP 832 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421PE UT WOS:000168072100006 PM 11325186 ER PT J AU Casas, E Stone, RT Keele, JW Shackelford, SD Kappes, SM Koohmaraie, M AF Casas, E Stone, RT Keele, JW Shackelford, SD Kappes, SM Koohmaraie, M TI A comprehensive search for quantitative trait loci affecting growth and carcass composition of cattle segregating alternative forms of the myostatin gene SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; double muscling; genetic markers; loci; myostatin gene; quantitative traits ID BOVINE GENOME; LINKAGE MAP AB The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci for economically important traits in two families segregating an inactive copy of the myostatin gene. Two half-sib families were developed from a Belgian Blue x MARC III (n = 246) and a Piedmontese x Angus (n = 209) sire. Traits analyzed were birth, weaning, and yearling weight (kg); preweaning average daily gain (kg/d); postweaning average daily gain (kg/d); hot carcass weight (kg); fat depth (cm); marbling score; longissimus muscle area (cm(2)); estimated kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (%); USDA yield grade; retail product yield (%); fat yield (%); and wholesale rib-fat yield (%). Meat tenderness was measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force at 3 and 14 d postmortem. The effect of the myostatin gene was removed using phase information from six microsatellite markers flanking the locus. Interactions of the myostatin gene with other loci throughout the genome were also evaluated. The objective was to use markers in each family, scanning the genome approximately every 25 to 30 centimorgans (cM) on 18 autosomal chromosomes, excluding 11 autosomal chromosomes previously analyzed. A total of 89 markers, informative in both families, were used to identify genomic regions potentially associated with each trait. In the family of Belgian Blue inheritance, a significant QTL (expected number of false-positives = 0.025) was identified for marbling score on chromosome 3. Suggestive QTL for the same family (expected number of false-positives = 0.5) were identified for retail product yield on chromosome 3, for hot carcass weight and postweaning average daily gain on chromosome 4, for fat depth and marbling score on chromosome 8, for 14-d Warner-Bratzler shear force on chromosome 9, and for marbling score on chromosome 10. Evidence suggesting the presence of an interaction for 3-d Warner-Bratzler shear force between the myostatin gene and a QTL on chromosome 4 was detected. In the family of Piedmontese and Angus inheritance, evidence indicates the presence of an interaction for fat depth between the myostatin gene and chromosome 8, in a similar position where the evidence suggests the presence of a QTL for fat depth in the family with Belgian Blue inheritance. Regions identified underlying QTL need to be assessed in other populations. Although the myostatin gene has a considerable effect, other loci with more subtle effects are involved in the expression of the phenotype. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 17 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 854 EP 860 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421PE UT WOS:000168072100009 PM 11325189 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD Knight, AD Kellom, TR Bromley, CM AF Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD Knight, AD Kellom, TR Bromley, CM TI Usefulness of subjective ovine milk scores: II. Genetic parameter estimates SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ewes; growth; heritability; lambs; litter weight; milk ID SHEEP; LAMB; PROLIFICACY; RAMBOUILLET; COMPONENTS; COLUMBIA; POLYPAY; TARGHEE; WEIGHT; TRAITS AB Genetic parameters for a subjective milk score given to ewes within 24 h of parturition were estimated to determine the usefulness of milk score as a selection trait to improve milk production, which influences total litter weight weaned. Heritability of milk score and the genetic correlation of milk score with litter weight weaned were estimated by REML separately for four sheep breeds, Rambouillet (n 1,731), Targhee (n = 1,638), Columbia (n = 1,731), and Polypay (n = 1,129). Litter weight weaned was the total weight of lambs weaned at approximately 120 d of age under a western range production system. Observed heritability estimates for milk score at first parity were moderate and similar among breeds, ranging from 0.18 to 0.32. Heritability estimates adjusted for a binomial distribution of milk scores at first parity were high (Columbia, 0.43; Polypay, 0.35; Rambouillet, 0.50; Targhee, 0.84). Estimates of observed heritability for second-parity milk score were moderate to high, ranging from 0.23 to 0.46. Milk score at first or second parity was genetically correlated with milk score records at maturity (third parity and greater), with estimates ranging from 0.69 to 1.00. Milk score and litter weight weaned were genetically correlated at first or second parity in Rambouillet (r(g) = 1.00) and Targhee breeds (r(g) = 1.00 and 0.61, respectively), but not in the Columbia and Polypay breeds. Estimates of heritability for lifetime records for milk score ranged from 0.16 to 0.26 across breeds. Estimates of genetic correlations of annual lifetime milk score records with litter weight weaned were high (Columbia, 1.00; Polypay, 0.81; Rambouillet, 1.00; and Targhee, 0.77). Repeatability estimates for milk score were similar across breeds, 0.23 for Columbia, Rambouillet, and Targhee ewes and 0.28 for Polypay ewes. Milk score measured at first or second parity may be a good predictor of future potential milking ability. Further, milk score can be used as a selection trait to improve maternal ability for increasing litter weight weaned. The need for increasing ewe milking performance and lamb growth rate at first parity in commercial range sheep production systems may be addressed by selection for milk score at first parity. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Snowder, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 869 EP 876 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421PE UT WOS:000168072100011 PM 11325191 ER PT J AU Veiseth, E Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Veiseth, E Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M TI Technical Note: Comparison of myofibril fragmentation index from fresh and frozen pork and lamb longissimus SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fragmentation; lambs; meat; myofibrils; pork ID STORAGE AB The myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) is strongly associated with indices of meat tenderness? such as Warner-Bratzler shear force and sensory tenderness. The MFI is normally determined on fresh muscle. It is not known whether this index can be determined on frozen muscle. The objective of this experiment was, therefore, to determine whether there is a difference between MFI values of fresh and frozen lamb and pork longissimus. To compare the effect of freezing on MFI, longissimus samples were obtained from eight lamb carcasses at 1, 3, and 15 d postmortem and longissimus samples were obtained from 12 pork carcasses at 3 d postmortem. For each sample, MFI was conducted on both fresh muscle and snap-frozen muscle (frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored 23 to 26 d at -70 degreesC). The R-2 between MFI of fresh and frozen muscle was 0.94 and 0.92 for lamb and pork longissimus, respectively. The differences between fresh and frozen MFI were not significant for either species (P > 0.05). These results indicate that it is not necessary to determine MFI on fresh muscle. C1 Agr Univ Norway, Dept Food Sci, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), Agr Univ Norway, Dept Food Sci, POB 166, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 904 EP 906 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421PE UT WOS:000168072100015 PM 11325195 ER PT J AU Vonada, ML Bidner, BS Belk, KE McKeith, FK Lloyd, WR O'Connor, ME Smith, GC AF Vonada, ML Bidner, BS Belk, KE McKeith, FK Lloyd, WR O'Connor, ME Smith, GC TI Factors influencing consumer demand for US pork exported to the Republic of Korea (South Korea) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE exports; Korean Republic; pork AB The potential market for single-ribbed bellies and Boston butts in South Korea was characterized and quantitative selection criteria were identified for use by U.S, packers when selecting pork for export. South Korean retail meat market managers and traders/wholesalers in Seoul and Pusan were interviewed and asked to identify the quality attributes that are considered when making pork-purchasing decisions. In addition, pork labeling characteristics and meat display case measurements and space allocations were recorded in each retail store. Data from box labels were recorded in retail storage coolers to characterize pork products currently being merchandized in South Korea. Sample retail packages of belly and butt slices were collected and sent to a commercial laboratory for analysis of iodine values, ether-extractable fat content, total aerobic plate count (APC), total coliform count (TCC), and generic Escherichia coli count (ECC). No quality attributes of U.S. products exceeded the expectations of retailers. Quality attributes of U.S. pork products that exceeded the expectations of traders included presence of foreign material, marbling, tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall eating satisfaction. Traders/ wholesalers assigned negative ratings for overall workmanship and adherence to purchase criteria for U.S. pork products. Retail APC for South Korean belly samples were higher (P < 0.05) than APC for U.S, belly samples. Retail TCC and ECC for butts and belly samples and APC for butt samples did not differ by country of origin. Retail prices for South Korean bellies were higher (P < 0.05) than prices for retail U.S. and Danish bellies. Pork butt prices did not differ (P > 0.05) by country of origin. Beef, pork, and poultry products comprised 66.8, 27.8, and 5.4%, respectively, of the total meat display case frontage. U.S. beef products occupied, on average, 18% of the total beef display area, whereas U.S. pork products comprised 2.6% of the total pork display case area. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Program Meat Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Leachman Cattle Co, Billings, MT 59105 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Foodbrands Amer, Oklahoma City, OK 73126 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Belk, KE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Program Meat Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 907 EP 911 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421PE UT WOS:000168072100016 PM 11325196 ER PT J AU Lucy, MC Billings, HJ Butler, WR Ehnis, LR Fields, MJ Kesler, DJ Kinder, JE Mattos, RC Short, RE Thatcher, WW Wettemann, RP Yelich, JV Hafs, HD AF Lucy, MC Billings, HJ Butler, WR Ehnis, LR Fields, MJ Kesler, DJ Kinder, JE Mattos, RC Short, RE Thatcher, WW Wettemann, RP Yelich, JV Hafs, HD TI Efficacy of an intravaginal progesterone insert and an injection of PGF(2 alpha) for synchronizing estrus and shortening the interval to pregnancy in postpartum beef cows, peripubertal beef heifers, and dairy heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE estrus; progesterone; prostaglandins; synchronization ID MELENGESTROL ACETATE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; CATTLE; PUBERTY; FOLLICLES; FERTILITY; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; SECRETION; ANESTRUS; DEVICE AB The objective was to test the efficacy of an intravaginal progesterone insert and injection of PGF(2 alpha) for synchronizing estrus and shortening the interval to pregnancy in cattle. Cattle were assigned to one of three treatments before a 31-d breeding period that employed artificial insemination. Control cattle were not treated, and treated cattle were administered PGF(2 alpha) or an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR) for 7 d and treated with PGF(2 alpha) on d 6. The treatments were applied in one of three experiments that involved postpartum beef cows (Exp. 1; n = 851; 56 +/- 0.6 d postpartum), beef heifers (Exp. 2; n = 724; 442.5 +/- 2.8 d of age), and dairy heifers (Exp. 3; n = 260; 443.2 +/- 4.5 d of age). Luteal activity before treatment was determined for individual cattle based on blood progesterone concentrations. In Exp. 1, there was a greater incidence of estrus during the first 3 d of the breeding period in CIDR+PGF(2 alpha)-treated cows compared with PGF(2 alpha)-treated or control cows (15, 33, and 59% for control, PGF(2 alpha), and CIDR+PGF(2 alpha), respectively; P < 0.001). The improved estrous response led to an increase in pregnancy rate during the 3-d period (7, 22, and 36% for control, PGF(2), and CIDR+PGF(2 alpha), respectively; P < 0.001) and tended to improve pregnancy rate for the 31-d breeding period for cows treated with CIDR+PGF(2) (50, 55, and 58% for control, PGF(2 alpha), and CIDR+PGF(2 alpha), respectively, P = 0.10). Improvements in rates of estrus and pregnancy after CIDR+PGF(2 alpha) were also observed in beef heifers. Presence of luteal activity before the treatment period affected synchronization and pregnancy rates because anestrous cows (Exp. 1) or prepubertal heifers (Exp. 2) had lesser synchronization rates and pregnancy rates during the first 3 d of the breeding period as well as during the entire 31-d breeding period. The PGF(2 alpha) and CIDR+PGF(2 alpha), but not the control treatments were evaluated in dairy heifers (Exp. 3). The CIDR+PGF(2 alpha)-treated heifers had a greater incidence of estrus (84%) during the first 3 d of the breeding period compared with the PGF(2 alpha)-treated heifers (57%), but pregnancy rates duping the first 3 d or during the 31-d breeding period were not improved for CIDR+-PGF(2 alpha) compared with PGF(2 alpha)-treated heifers. In summary, the concurrent treatment of CIDR and PGF(2 alpha) improved synchronization rates relative to PGF(2 alpha) alone or control. Improved estrus synchrony led to greater pregnancy rates for beef cows and beef heifers but failed to improve pregnancy rates for dairy heifers. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Dairy & Poultry Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 19 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 982 EP 995 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 421PE UT WOS:000168072100026 PM 11325206 ER PT J AU Moyne, AL Shelby, R Cleveland, TE Tuzun, S AF Moyne, AL Shelby, R Cleveland, TE Tuzun, S TI Bacillomycin D: an iturin with antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; LIPOPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS; BIOSYNTHESIS; SURFACTIN AB Aims: In a search for an antifungal peptide with a high activity against Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus subtilis AU195 was selected from a collection of isolates with antagonistic activity against A. flavus. Methods and Results: To identify the antifungal peptides, a protein purification scheme was developed based on the detection of the antifungal activity in purified fractions against A. flavus. Two Lipopeptides were purified with anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, Their masses were determined to be 1045 and 1059 m/z with mass spectrometry, and their peptide moiety was identical to bacillomycin D. Conclusions: AU195 synthesized a mixture of two antifungal bacillomycin D analogues with masses of 1045 and 1059, the 14 mass unit difference representing the difference between a C15 and a C16 lipid chain. Significance and Impact of the Study: Both bacillomycin D analogues were active at the same concentration against A. flavus, but the different lipid chain length apparently affected the activity of the lipopeptide against other fungi. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. ARS, USDA, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Moyne, AL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 209 Life Sci Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 27 TC 98 Z9 122 U1 4 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 90 IS 4 BP 622 EP 629 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01290.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 420MP UT WOS:000168009000018 PM 11309075 ER PT J AU Stout, JE AF Stout, JE TI Dust and environment in the Southern High Plains of North America SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE dust; particulate matter PM10; wind erosion; environment ID BLOWING DUST; UNITED-STATES; STORMS; FREQUENCY; TEXAS; TRANSPORT; EMISSION; TIME; SITE; USA AB Continuous measurements of dust reveal the intermittent nature of dust events within the Southern High Plains of North America. Dust events appear as sudden peaks that project outward from a much lower background dust concentration. The measured dust record appears to follow a regular annual cycle with most dust events occurring in spring and considerably fewer during other seasons. The annual dust cycle reflects seasonal changes in environmental factors such as wind speed, surface cover, and moisture conditions. Most dust events are associated with a combination of strong winds, negligible surface cover? and dry conditions, all of which occur most frequently during the spring season. Wind speed alone is found to be an imperfect indicator of dust levels in the Southern High Plains because of the moderating effects of other important environmental factors such as humidity and surface cover. However, if one limits consideration to dry and bare conditions, dust concentration exhibits a positive correlation with daily wind speeds above 4 m s(-1) and a negligible correlation for light winds. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Stout, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2001 VL 47 IS 4 BP 425 EP 441 DI 10.1006/jare.2000.0732 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 426FD UT WOS:000168338400002 ER PT J AU Jiang, GQ Krishnan, AH Kim, YW Wacek, TJ Krishnan, HB AF Jiang, GQ Krishnan, AH Kim, YW Wacek, TJ Krishnan, HB TI A functional myo-inositol dehydrogenase gene is required for efficient nitrogen fixation and competitiveness of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191 to nodulate soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MELILOTI SYMBIOTIC PROMOTERS; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; HOST-RANGE; MYOINOSITOL CATABOLISM; SYM PLASMID; LEGUMINOSARUM; RHIZOPINE; EXPRESSION; STRAINS AB Inositol derivative compounds provide a nutrient source for soil bacteria that possess the ability to degrade such compounds. Rhizobium strains that are capable of utilizing certain inositol derivatives are better colonizers of their host plants. We have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the myo-inositol dehydrogenase gene (idhA) of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191, the first enzyme responsible for inositol catabolism. The deduced IdhA protein has a molecular mass of 34,648 Da and shows significant sequence similarity with protein sequences of Sinorhizobium meliloti IdhA and MocA; Bacillus subtilis IolG, YrbE, and YucG; and Streptomyces griseus StrI. S. fredii USDA191 idhA mutants revealed no detectable myo-inositol dehydrogenase activity and failed to grow on myo-inositol as a sole carbon source. Northern blot analysis and idhA-lacZ fusion expression studies indicate that idhA is inducible by myo-inositol. S, fredii USDA191 idhA mutant was drastically affected in its ability to reduce nitrogen and revealed deteriorating bacteroids inside the nodules. The number of bacteria recovered from such nodules was about threefold lower than the number of bacteria isolated from nodules initiated by S. fredii USDA191. In addition, the idhA mutant was also severely affected in its ability to compete with the wild-type strain in nodulating soybean. Under competitive conditions, nodules induced on soybean roots were predominantly occupied by the parent strain, even when the idhA mutant was applied at a 10-fold numerical advantage. Thus, we conclude that a functional idhA gene is required for efficient nitrogen fixation and for competitive nodulation of soybeans by S. fredii USDA191. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Urbana Labs, St Joseph, MO 64501 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Kwangju, South Korea. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 48 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 183 IS 8 BP 2595 EP 2604 DI 10.1128/JB.183.8.2595-2604.2001 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 416RU UT WOS:000167794600025 PM 11274120 ER PT J AU Shao, A Wood, RJ Fleet, JC AF Shao, A Wood, RJ Fleet, JC TI Increased vitamin D receptor level enhances 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3-mediated gene expression and calcium transport in Caco-2 cells SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vitamin D receptor; 24-hydroxylase; calbindin D-9k; calcium transport; enterocyte; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 ID OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; BINDING PROTEIN; RNA EXPRESSION; LINE CACO-2; WISTAR RATS; AGE; ABSORPTION; D-3 AB Altered vitamin D receptor (VDR) level has been proposed to explain differences in intestinal responsiveness to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25(OH)(2)D-3], We tested whether the enterocyte VDR level influences 1,25(OH)(2)D-3-mediated gene expression and transepithelial calcium (Ca) transport in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2, Cells were stably transfected with a human metallothionein (hMT) IIA promoter-human VDR (hVDR) complementary DNA (cDNA) transgene that overexpressed hVDR in response to heavy metals. In MTVDR clones, induction of 25-hyroxyvitamin D-3-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 (10(-9) M, 4 h) was correlated to metal-induced changes in nuclear VDR level (r(2) = 0.99), In MTVDR clones, basal VDR level was 2-fold greater and 1,25(OH)(2)D-3-mediated Ca transport (10(-7) M, 24 h) was 43% higher than in parental Caco-2 cells. Treatment of MTVDR clones with Cd (1 muM, 28 h) increased VDR level by 68%, significantly enhanced 1,25(OH)(2)D-3-mediated Ca transport by 24%, and increased accumulation of calbindin D-9K mRNA by 76% relative to 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 alone. These observations support the hypothesis that the enterocyte VDR level is an important modulator of intestinal responsiveness to 1,25(OH)(2)D-3. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shao, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, 1264 Stone Hall,Room G1A, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK54111, R01 DK054111, R01 DK054111-04] NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 615 EP 624 DI 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.4.615 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 413JV UT WOS:000167610000003 PM 11315989 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Saona, C Crafts-Brander, SJ Pare, PW Henneberry, TJ AF Rodriguez-Saona, C Crafts-Brander, SJ Pare, PW Henneberry, TJ TI Exogenous methyl jasmonate induces volatile emissions in cotton plants SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton; Spodoptera exigua; methyl jasmonate; induction; plant defense; volatile semiochemicals ID OCTADECANOID-SIGNALING PATHWAY; TOMATO PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACID; HERBIVORY; RESPONSES; INDUCTION; LEAVES; ALLELOCHEMICALS; SEEDLINGS AB We investigated the effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the emission of herbivore-induced volatiles; these volatile chemicals can signal natural enemies of the herbivore to the damaged plant. Exogenous treatment of cotton cv. Deltapine 5415 plants with MeJA induced the emission of the same volatile compounds as observed for herbivore-damaged plants. Cotton plants treated with MeJA emitted elevated levels of the terpenes (E)-beta -ocimene, linalool, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E,E)-alpha -farnesene, (E)-beta -farnescne, and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene compared to untreated controls. Other induced components included (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, methyl salicylate, and indole. Methyl jasmonate treatment did not cause the release of any of the stored terpenes such as alpha -pinene, beta -pinene. alpha -humulene, and (E)-beta -caryophyllene. In contrast, these compounds were emitted in relatively large amounts from cotton due to physical disruption of glands by the herbivores. The timing of volatile release from plants treated with MeJA or herbivores followed a diurnal pattern, with maximal volatile release during the middle of the photoperiod. Similar to herbivore-treated plants, MeJA treatment led to the systemic induction of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-beta -ocimene, linalool, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E,E)-alpha -farnesene, (E)-beta -farnescne, and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene. Our results indicate that treatment of cotton with MeJA can directly and systemically induce the emission of volatiles that may serve as odor cues in the host-search behavior of natural enemies. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Rodriguez-Saona, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RI Pare, Paul/E-3055-2013 OI Pare, Paul/0000-0003-1644-723X NR 41 TC 84 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 28 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 679 EP 695 DI 10.1023/A:1010393700918 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447ZR UT WOS:000169602800004 PM 11446293 ER PT J AU Joseph, G Kelsey, RG Peck, RW Niwa, CG AF Joseph, G Kelsey, RG Peck, RW Niwa, CG TI Response of some scolytids and their predators to ethanol and 4-allylanisole in pine forests of central Oregon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl chavicol; bark beetles; primary attraction; host selection; host volatiles ID WEEVIL HYLOBIUS-ABIETIS; DOUGLAS-FIR LOGS; STAIN ROOT DISEASE; BARK BEETLES; AMBROSIA BEETLES; HOST SELECTION; ALPHA-PINENE; BLACK-STAIN; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII AB Lindgren multiple funnel traps were set up in pine Forests of central Oregon to determine the response or scolytid bark beetles to ethanol and 4-allylanisole (4AA). Traps were baited with two release rates of ethanol (4.5 or 41.4 mg/hr) and three release rates of 4AA (0, 0.6, or 4.3 mg/hr) in a 2 x 3 factorial design. All traps also released a 1:1 mixture of alpha- and beta -pinene at 1 1.4 mg/hr. Of 13,396 scolytids, Dendroctonus valens made up 60%, Hylurgops spp. 18.5% Ips spp. 16%, Hylastes spp. 1.8%, Ganthotrichus retusus 0.9%, and bark beetle predators another 2.8%. Increasing the release rate of ethanol in the absence of 4AA increased the number of most scolytid species caught by 1.5-3.7 times, confirming its role as an attractant. Ips Latidens, Temnochila chlorodia and clerid predators were exceptions and did nor show a response to higher ethanol release rates. Release of 4AA at the lowest rare inhibited attraction of most scolytids, with a significant reduction in G. retusus, Hylastes macer, and Hylurgops porosus when compared to traps without 4AA. A high release rate of 4AA further inhibited responses for most beetles compared to low 4AA. Seven species were significantly deterred by high 4AA, including the latter three, and Hylastes longicollis, Hylastes nigrinus, Hylurgops reticulatus, and Ips latidens. Exceptions include Hylurgops subcostulatus, which was significantly attracted to both low and high 4AA, and I. pini, which was attracted to low and high 4AA in combination with low ethanol, but unaffected by either release of 4AA with high ethanol. Dendroctonus valens was significantly attracted to low 4AA and unaffected by high 4AA. Predators appeared to be less inhibited by 4AA than most bark beetles. Although 4AA can deter the attraction of some secondary bark beetles to ethanol in combination with alpha- and beta -pinene, this inhibition could be weakened for certain species by increasing ethanol release rates. 4-Allylanisole may have some utility for managing the behavior of secondary bark beetles sensitive to this compound. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), ATREE, 659 5th A,Main Rd, Hebbal 560024, Bangalore, India. NR 61 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 697 EP 715 DI 10.1023/A:1010345817756 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447ZR UT WOS:000169602800005 PM 11446294 ER PT J AU Burow, ME Boue, SM Collins-Burow, BM Melnik, LI Duong, BN Carter-Wientjes, CH Li, SF Wiese, TE Cleveland, TE McLachlan, JA AF Burow, ME Boue, SM Collins-Burow, BM Melnik, LI Duong, BN Carter-Wientjes, CH Li, SF Wiese, TE Cleveland, TE McLachlan, JA TI Phytochemical glyceollins, isolated from soy, mediate antihormonal effects through estrogen receptor alpha and beta SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA-MEGASPERMA; DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS; PROTEIN-KINASE; BREAST-CANCER; ISOFLAVONES; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; FLAVONOIDS; CHEMICALS; ELICITORS AB The flavonoid family of phytochemicals, particularly those derived from soy. has received attention regarding their estrogenic activity as well as their effects on human health and disease. In addition to these flavonoids other phytochemicals, including phytostilbene, enterolactone, and lignans, possess endocrine activity. The types and amounts of these compounds in soy and other plants are controlled by both constitutive expression and stress-induced biosynthesis. The health benefits of soy-based foods may, therefore, be dependent upon the amounts of the various hormonally active phytochemicals within these foods. The aim was to identify unique soy phytochemicals that had not been previously assessed for estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity, Here we describe increased biosynthesis of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin compounds. glyceollins, in soy plants grown under stressed conditions. In contrast to the observed estrogenic effects of coumestrol, daidzein, and genistein, we observed a marked antiestrogenic effect of glyceollins on ER signaling, which correlated with a comparable suppression of 17 beta -estradiol-induced proliferation in MCF-7 cells. Further evaluation revealed greater antagonism toward ER alpha than ER beta in transiently transfected HEK 293 cells. Competition binding assays revealed a greater affinity of glyceollins for ERa us. ERP, which correlated to greater suppression of ER alpha signaling with higher concentrations of glyceollins. In conclusion, we describe the phytoalexin compounds known as glyceollins, which exhibit unique antagonistic effects on ER in both HEK 293 and MCF-7 cells. The glyceollins as well as other phytoalexin compounds may represent an important component of the health effects of soy-based foods. C1 Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, Tulane Xavier Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, Program Mol & Cellular Biol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Xavier Univ, Sch Pharm, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP McLachlan, JA (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, Tulane Xavier Ctr Bioenvironm Res, 1430 Tulane Ave,SL-3, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM jmclach@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu RI Burow, Matthew/D-6351-2013 OI Burow, Matthew/0000-0002-0642-6630 NR 50 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 2001 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1750 EP 1758 DI 10.1210/jc.86.4.1750 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 424QM UT WOS:000168243000051 PM 11297613 ER PT J AU Kamra, SK Lennartz, B Van Genuchten, MT Widmoser, P AF Kamra, SK Lennartz, B Van Genuchten, MT Widmoser, P TI Evaluating non-equilibrium solute transport in small soil columns SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE solute transport; pesticides; breakthrough curves; preferential flow; time moments; convection dispersion equation ID SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; SANDY VADOSE ZONE; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY; UNSATURATED SOIL; MASS-TRANSFER; FIELD; CHLORIDE; WATER; MACROPORES AB Displacement studies on leaching of bromide and two pesticides (atrazine and isoproturon) were conducted under unsaturated steady state flow conditions in 24 small undisturbed soil columns (5.7 cm in diameter and 10 cm long) each collected from two sites differing in soil structure and organic carbon content in North Germany. There were large and irregular variabilities in the characteristics of both soils, as well as in the shapes of breakthrough curves (BTCs) of different columns, including some with early breakthrough and increased tailing. qualitatively indicating the presence of preferential flow. It was estimated that one preferential flow column (PFC) at site A. and four at site B, contributed, respectively to 11% and 58% of the accumulated leached fraction and to more than 80% of the maximum observed standard deviation (SD) in the field-scale concentration and mass flux of pesticides at two sites. The bromide BTCs of two sites were analyzed with the equilibrium convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and a non-equilibrium two-region/mobile-immobile model. Transport parameters of these models for individual BTCs were determined using a curve fitting program, CXTFIT, and by the time moment method. For the CDE based equilibrium model, the mean values of retardation factor, R, considered separately for all columns. PFCs or non-preferential flow columns (NPFCs) were comparable for the two methods: significant differences were observed in the values of dispersion coefficients of two sites using the two estimation methods. It was inferred from the estimated parameters of non-equilibrium model that 5-12% of water at site A, and 12% at site B, was immobile during displacement in NPFCs. The corresponding values for PFCs of two sites were much larger, ranging from 25% to 51% by CXTFIT and from 24% to 72% by the moment method, suggesting the role of certain mechanisms other than immobile water in higher degrees of non-equilibrium in these columns. Peclet numbers in PFCs of both sites were consistently smaller than five, indicating the inadequacy of the non-equilibrium model to incorporate the effect of all forms of non-equilibrium in PFCs. Overall, the BTCs of individual NPFCs, PFCs and of field average concentration at the two sites were better reproduced with parameters obtained from CXTFIT than by the moment method. The moment method failed to capture the peak concentrations in PFCs, but tended to describe the desorption and tail branches of BTCs better than the curve fitting approach. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Soil Salin Res Inst, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India. Univ Kiel, Inst Water Management & Landscape Ecol, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Univ Rostock, Inst Soil Sci, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Kamra, SK (reprint author), Cent Soil Salin Res Inst, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India. RI Lennartz, Bernd/A-4370-2008; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 43 TC 72 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00156-X PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 411DE UT WOS:000167482200001 PM 11285931 ER PT J AU Owens, WE Nickerson, SC Boddie, RL Tomita, GM Ray, CH AF Owens, WE Nickerson, SC Boddie, RL Tomita, GM Ray, CH TI Prevalence of mastitis in dairy heifers and effectiveness of antibiotic therapy SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heifers; mastitis; therapy; Staphylococcus aureus ID EFFICACY AB Dairy heifers were treated 0 to 90 d, 90 to 180 d, or 180 to 270 d prepartum with one of five different antibiotic products to determine the best time and with which product they should be treated prior to calving. Two hundred thirty-three heifers were included in the study. At the initial sampling, 56.5% of quarters were infected with some type of organism and 15.4% of quarters were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Treatments included a cephapirin dry cow product, a penicillin-novobiocin dry cow product, a penicillin-streptomycin dry cow product, an experimental dry cow product containing tilmicosin, and a cephalonium dry cow product not available in the United States. Cure rates for the five antibiotic products indicated that all were equally effective against Staph. aureus and all were significantly more effective than the spontaneous cure rate observed in untreated control quarters. No differences in efficacy were observed due to the different treatment times prepartum. However, fewer new Staph. aureus infections occurred after treatment in the group treated at 180 to 270 d prepartum, indicating that treatment in the third trimester will reduce the chances of new intramammary infections occurring after treatment and persisting to calving. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hill Farm Res Stn, Mastitis Res Lab, Homer, LA 71040 USA. ARS, USDA, LPSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Owens, WE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hill Farm Res Stn, Mastitis Res Lab, Homer, LA 71040 USA. NR 6 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 4 BP 814 EP 817 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 428AL UT WOS:000168438900009 PM 11352157 ER PT J AU Mourino, F Akkarawongsa, R Weimer, PJ AF Mourino, F Akkarawongsa, R Weimer, PJ TI Initial pH as a determinant of cellulose digestion rate by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cellulose; digestion kinetics; microbial adhesion; ruminal pH ID EVALUATING CATTLE DIETS; RUMEN FLUID PH; FIBER DIGESTION; DRY-MATTER; DAIRY-COWS; NET CARBOHYDRATE; PROTEIN SYSTEM; IN-VITRO; FEEDING FREQUENCY; MILK-PRODUCTION AB In vitro fermentations of pure cellulose by mixed ruminal microorganisms were conducted under conditions in which pH declined within ranges similar to those observed in the rumen. At low cellulose concentrations (12.5 g/L), the first-order rate constants (k) of cellulose disappearance were successively lower at initial pH values of 6.86, 6.56, and 6.02, but in each case the value of it was maintained over a pH range of 0.3 to 1.2 units, as the fermentation progressed. Plots of k versus initial pH were linear, and k displayed a relative decrease of approximately 7% per 0.1 unit decrease in pH. At high cellulose concentration (50 g/L) and an initial pH of 6.8, cellulose digestion was initially zero-order, the absolute rate of digestion declined with pH, and digestion essentially ceased at pH 5.3 after only 30% of the added cellulose was digested. Further incubation resulted in a loss of bound N and P, suggesting that at low pH cells lysed or detached from the undigested fibers. Pure cultures of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria also were able to ferment cellulose to a minimum pH of 5.1 to 5.3, but the extent of fermentation was increased by coculture with noncellulolytic bacteria. A model is proposed in which the first-order rate constant of cellulose digestion is determined by the pH at which the fermentation is initiated, and end product ratios reflect greater activity of the noncellulolytic population as pH declines. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Catolic Argentina, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 50 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 4 BP 848 EP 859 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 428AL UT WOS:000168438900014 PM 11352162 ER PT J AU Tine, MA McLeod, KR Erdman, RA Baldwin, RL AF Tine, MA McLeod, KR Erdman, RA Baldwin, RL TI Effects of brown midrib corn silage on the energy balance of dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brown midrib corn silage; energy balance ID ZEA-MAYS-L; NET ENERGY; COWS; LACTATION; MUTANTS; DRY; DISAPPEARANCE; DIGESTIBILITY; FORAGES; RATIONS AB Effects of genotype and level of intake on net energy for lactation values of corn silage were evaluated by indirect calorimetry in two experiments using lactating and dry, nonpregnant dairy cows. In experiment 1, six multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were fed experimental diets containing either brown midrib (bm3) or isogenic normal corn silage. Dietary treatments were isogenic and bm3 diets fed ad libitum, and the bm3 diets restricted-fed. Dry matter (DM) intake was 2.4 kg/d greater for cows fed the bm3 diet ad libitum compared with cows fed the isogenic diet. Apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were greater for cows restricted-fed bm3 than the isogenic diet. In experiment 2, six dry, nonpregnant Holstein cows were fed maintenance diets containing either bm3 or isogenic corn silage. Apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were greater for cows fed bm3 compared with isogenic corn silage. Digestible energy and metabolizable energy were greater for maintenance diets containing bm3 compared with isogenic corn silage, respectively. These data indicate increased milk production seen in other studies is a result of increased DMI rather than an increase in energy efficiency. Increased organic matter digestibility of bm3 corn silage resulted in greater digestible energy and metabolizable energy values in cows fed at maintenance energy intake. However, calculated net energy for lactation values of bm3 and isogenic corn silages were similar at both productive and maintenance levels of feeding. C1 ARS, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McLeod, KR (reprint author), ARS, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kmcleod@lpsi.barc.usda.gov RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 35 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 4 BP 885 EP 895 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 428AL UT WOS:000168438900017 PM 11352165 ER PT J AU Shapiro, M Argauer, R AF Shapiro, M Argauer, R TI Relative effectiveness of selected stilbene optical brighteners as enhancers of the beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; optical brighteners; virus enhancement ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER; LYMANTRIIDAE BACULOVIRUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MIDGUT; LARVAE; TORTRICIDAE; RESISTANCE; FIELD; PESTS AB The addition of a stilbene optical brightener, Tinopal LPW, at 1% concentration (wt:wt) significantly reduced the LC50 of the beet armyworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SeMNPV) from 2.9 PIB/mm(2) to 0.02 PIB/mm(2). Moreover, the LT50 of SeMNPV was reduced Ly 34% by the addition of Tinopal LPW. Seven other structurally related stilbene brighteners M ere also tested as viral enhancers. Five of these brighteners (Tinopal LPW, Blankophor BBH, Blankophor HRS, Blankophor P167, and Blankophor RKH) reduced LD(50)s, whereas three brighteners (Blankophor BSU, Blankophor DML, and Blankophor LPG) had little effect. Among the active brighteners, LC(50)s were reduced by 10.5-fold (Blankophor P167). 52.4-fold (Blankophor RKH), 87.3-fold Tinopal LPW, 131-fold (Blankophor BBH), and > 400-fold (Blankophor HRS). LT(50)s M ere also decreased by the addition of Blankophor BBH, Blankophor P167. and Blankophor RKH, but were increased by the addition of Blankophor BSU. Blankophor DMLO, and Blankophor LPG to SeMNPV suspensions. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.339 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421RN UT WOS:000168077500004 PM 11332823 ER PT J AU James, RR Elzen, GW AF James, RR Elzen, GW TI Antagonism between Beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid when combined for Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) control SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Bemisia argentifolii; imidacloprid; whiteflies; microbial control; insect pathogens ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; FUNGI; PATHOGENICITY; INSECTICIDE; TABACI AB Imidacloprid and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin are both used to control the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring. We tested whether the two control strategies acted additively, synergistically, or antagonistically when combined for whitefly control. We found antagonism in that B. bassiana inhibited the effectiveness of imidacloprid. When B. bassiana was combined with imidacloprid, insect response was either less than or similar to (depending on B. bassiana rates) that when imidacloprid was used alone. Adding imidacloprid to B. bassiana treatments always increased mortality, but the increase was less than additive. Beauverin bassiana spore germination and colony formation were not inhibited by imidacloprid in vitro, and B. bassiana did not adsorb or degrade imidacloprid in a tank mix. We hypothesize that B. bassiana caused a behavioral response that reduced insect feeding and uptake of imidacloprid. C1 USDA ARS, Kika De La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika De La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 357 EP 361 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.357 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421RN UT WOS:000168077500006 PM 11332825 ER PT J AU Lord, JC AF Lord, JC TI Desiccant dusts synergize the effect of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes : Moniliales) on stored-grain beetles SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; synergism; mycopathogen; stored grain; diatomaceous earth; Coleoptera ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; HYPHAL GROWTH; GERMINATION; COLEOPTERA; LIPIDS; HYMENOPTERA; COMPONENTS; ATTACHMENT; CUCUJIDAE; CUTICLE AB Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a desiccant insecticide and most efficacious in low humidity. It acts on insect cuticle by absorbing lipids, and perhaps by cuticular abrasion. Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, an entomopathogenic fungus, is most efficacious in high humidity and has a complex interaction with cuticular lipids. Interaction between these materials may enhance insect control performance. Assays with stored-grain beetles were conducted with B. bassiana at rates of 11, 33, 100, and 300 mg of conidia per kilogram of grain with and without single rates of DE that killed 10% or less of the target beetles. The assays revealed synergism in effects on adult Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) at all doses. There was statistically significant synergism for adult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and larval R. dominica but at only one B. bassiana rate for each target. Both amorphous silicon dioxide, a sorptive dust, and diamond dust, all abrasive, showed synergistic interaction with B. bassiana on adult R. dominica. These results may provide a basis for a least-toxic approach to control of stored-product beetles and for efficacy enhancing formulation of entomopathogenic fungi. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 26 TC 74 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.367 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421RN UT WOS:000168077500008 PM 11332827 ER PT J AU Chapin, JW Thomas, JS Gray, SM Smith, DM Halbert, SE AF Chapin, JW Thomas, JS Gray, SM Smith, DM Halbert, SE TI Seasonal abundance of aphids (Homoptera : Aphididae) in wheat and their role as barley yellow dwarf virus vectors in the South Carolina coastal plain SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barley yellow dwarf; wheat; Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae; Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis; Schizaphis graminum ID CEREAL APHIDS; WINTER-WHEAT; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; YIELD LOSSES; SPRING WHEAT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WASHINGTON; AUTUMN; POPULATIONS; INJURY AB Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) seasonal flight activity and abundance in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and the significance of aphid species as vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus were studied over a nine-year period in the South Carolina coastal plain. Four aphid species colonized wheat in a consistent seasonal pattern. Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki),colonized seedling wheat immediately after crop emergence, with apterous colonies usually peaking in December or January and then declining for the remainder of the season. These two aphid species are unlikely to cause economic loss on wheat in South Carolina thus crop managers should not have to sample for the subterranean R. rufiabdominalis colonies. Bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.),was the second most abundant species and the most economically important. Rhopalosiphum padi colonies usually remained below 10/row-meter until peaking in February or March. Barley yellow dwarf incidence and M heat, yield loss were significantly correlated with R. padi peak abundance and aphid-day accumulation on the crop. Based on transmission assays, R. padi was primarily responsible for vectoring the predominant virus serotype (PAV) we found in wheat. Pest management efforts should focus on sampling for and suppressing this aphid species. December planting reduced aphid-day accumulation and barley yellow dwarf incidence, but delayed planting is not a practical management option. English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), was the last species to colonize wheat each season, and the most abundant. Sitobion avenae was responsible for late-season virus transmission and caused direct yield loss by feeding on heads and flag leaves during an outbreak year. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Florida State Collect Arthropods, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Chapin, JW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, 64 Res Rd, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. NR 42 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 410 EP 421 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.410 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421RN UT WOS:000168077500014 PM 11332833 ER PT J AU Haack, RA Lawrence, RK Heaton, GC AF Haack, RA Lawrence, RK Heaton, GC TI Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) shoot-feeding characteristics and overwintering behavior in Scotch pine Christmas trees SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tomicus piniperda; Scolytidae; bark beetle; exotic pest ID LOGS AB Overwintering behavior of Tomicus piniperda (L.) was studied in a Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Christmas tree plantation in Indiana (1992-1994) and a plantation in Michigan (1991). In general, adults feed inside shoots during summer, then move to overwintering sites at the base of trees in autumn. In early autumn, adults were most often found in shoot-feeding tunnels that were still surrounded by green needles, whereas ft H were in tunnels surrounded by yellow or brown needles. For all years and sites combined, the range in the percentage of recently tunneled shoots that contained live T. piniperda adults decreased from 89 to 96% in mid-October, to 15-66% in early November, to 2-10% in mid-November, and to 0-2% by lute November to early December. In each year, the first subfreezing temperatures in autumn occurred in October, before most adults left the shoots. Of 1,285 T, piniperda-tunneled shoots, one to seven tunnels (mean = 1.6) and zero to three adults were found per infested shoot. Of these 1,285 attacked shoots, 55% of the shoots had orle tunnel, 33% had two, 9% had three, 3% had four, and <1% had five to seven tunnels each. When two or more tunnels occurred in a single shoot, adults were most commonly found ill the innermost (most basal) tunnel. For the 2,070 tunnels found in the 1,285 shoots, average shoot thickness at the tunnel entrance was 6.0 mm, average distance from the tunnel entrance to the shoot tip, was 6.3 cm, and average tunnel length was 2.3 cm. Four Scotch pine Christmas trees were dissected in January 1993. Eighty percent of the tunneled shoots were in the upper quarter of the tree crown and 98% were in the upper half. For the four trees inspected in January, one live adult was found in a shoot and 85 adults were found in the outer bark along the lower trunk from 1 cm below the soil line to 19 cm above the soil line. No overwintering adults H ere found outside the trunk in the duff or soil near the base of each test tree. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of surveying, tinting the cutting of Christmas trees, and cutting height for Christmas trees. C1 Michigan State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.422 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421RN UT WOS:000168077500015 PM 11332834 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA AF Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA TI Bait matrix for delivery of chitin synthesis inhibitors to the formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE subterranean termite; bait; chitin synthesis inhibitors; control ID HEXAFLUMURON; TOXICANTS AB The efficacy of three chitin synthesis inhibitors, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, and chlorfluazuron, incorporated into a novel bait matrix to kill the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes fotmosanus Shiraki, was evaluated in the laboratory. The bait matrix was significantly preferred by C. formosanus over southern yellow pine wood in a two-choice feeding test. Bait formulations containing 250 ppm of the three chitin synthesis inhibitors were presented to termite nests with 2,500 individuals (80% workers and 20% soldiers) in the presence of alternative food sources consisting of cardboard and southern yellow pine, Pinus taeda L., wood. None of the bait formulations were significantly repellent or feeding deterrent to the termite workers evidenced by the lack of full consumption of alternative food sources. All nests presented with the bait formulations died within 9 wk, whereas the control nests (bait with no chitin synthesis inhibitors) remained alive 6 mo after the end of the stud). No significant differences in consumption M ere observed among tire chitin synthesis inhibitor treatments. Importance of this study for thc improvemcnt of current bait technology is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 17 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 506 EP 510 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.506 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421RN UT WOS:000168077500027 PM 11332846 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG AF Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG TI Nutritional ecology of the formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae): Feeding response to commercial wood species SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; subterranean termite; feeding-preference; deterrence; wood ID RESISTANCE; CEDAR AB The feeding preferences of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermus formsanus Shiraki, were tested in three separate experiments on 28 different wood species. Experiment 1 was multiple-choice test designed to test relative preferences among 24 wood species commercially available in New Orleans, LA. Experiment 2 was a similar study designed to test relative preferences among 21 wood species shown or reported to be unpalatable to the Formosan subterranean termite. Experiment 3 was a no-choice test to examine the feeding deterrence of the 10 leat preferred wood species. Preference was determined by consumption rates. Birch (Betula alleganiensis Britton), red gum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), Parana pine [Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.)], sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), pecan (Carya illinoensis Wangeh.), and northern red oak. all of these species were significantly more preferred than southern yellow pine (Pinus taeda L.), widely used for monitoring. Sinker cypress [ = old growth bald cypress, Taxodium distichum (L.)], western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn), Alaskan yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis D. Don), eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.), sassafras [Sassafras albidum (Nutt.)]. Spanish cedar (Cedrella odorata L.), Honduras mahogany [Swietenia macrophyla King), Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb), Honduras rosewood (D. stevensonii Sytanl.), and morado (Machaerium sp.) induced significant feeding deterrence and mortality to C. formosanus. The last eight species produced 100% mortality after 3 mo. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 25 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 516 EP 523 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.516 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421RN UT WOS:000168077500029 PM 11332848 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Zhang, ZJ Li, RG Widstrom, NW Snook, ME Lynch, RE Plaisted, D AF Guo, BZ Zhang, ZJ Li, RG Widstrom, NW Snook, ME Lynch, RE Plaisted, D TI Restriction fragment length polymorphism markers associated with silk maysin, antibiosis to corn earworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae, in a dent and sweet corn cross SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Zea mays; a1-sh2; favonoid; marker-assisted selection ID ZEA-MAYS; GENETIC MECHANISMS; MAIZE SILKS; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; ENZYMES; GROWTH AB Maysin, a C-glycosylflavone in maize silk, has insecticidal activity against corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie),larvae. Sweet corn, Zea mays L., is a vulnerable crop to car-feeding insects and requires pesticide protection from ear damage. This study was conducted to identify maize chromosome regions associated with silk maysin concentration and eventually to transfer and develop high silk maysin sweet corn lines with marker-assisted selection (MAS). Using an F-2 population derived from SC102 thigh maysin dent corn) and B31857 (low maysin sh2 sweet corn), we detected two major quantitative trait loci (QTL). It was estimated that 25.6% of the silk maysin variance was associated with segregation in the genomic region of npi286 (flanking to p1) on chromosome 1S. We also demonstrated that a1 on chromosome 3L, had major contribution to silk maysin (accounted for 15.7% of the variance). Locus nl has a recessive gene action for high maysin with the presence of functional p1 allele. Markers umc66a (near c2) and umc105a on chromosome 98 also were detected in this analysis with minor contribution. A multiple-locus model, which included npi286, a1, csu3 (Bin 1.05), umc245 (Bin 7.05), agrr21 (Bin 8.09), umc105a, anti the epistatic interactions npi286 X al, al X agrr21, csu3 X umc245, and umc105a X umc245, accounted for 76.3% of the total silk maysin variance. Tester crosses showed that at the al locus, SC102 has functional Al alleles and B31857 has homozygous recessive (II alleles. Individuals of (SC102 X B31857) X B31857 were examined with MAS and plants with p1 allele from SC102 and homozygous a1 alleles from B31857 had consistent high silk maysin. Marker assisted selection scents to be a suitable method to transfer silk maysin to sweet corn lines to reduce pesticide application. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 564 EP 571 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.564 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421RN UT WOS:000168077500036 PM 11332855 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Mitchell, ER AF Meagher, RL Mitchell, ER TI Collection of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) using selected pheromone lures and trap designs SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; trapping; monitoring; Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda ID CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; BAITED TRAPS; SWEET CORN; FIELD; PYRALIDAE; EMISSION; EARWORM; TOBACCO AB Two trap designs and three sources of commercially-produced pheromone lures were used to capture fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), males in silage corn and peanuts in north-central Florida. Unitraps baited with Trece and Scenturion lures captured more moths than Scentry-baited traps. Gas chromatographic detection of the pheromone blend suggested no differences in acetate component ratios among lures. Unitraps collected more moths than Heliothis cone traps. Behavioral observations at night showed that equal percentages of moths were initially collected in both traps but that moths were able to escape from cone traps. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 439LW UT WOS:000169119200004 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW Schroder, RFW AF Martin, PAW Schroder, RFW TI Recovery of D&C Red No. 28 from potato leaves SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phloxine B dye; xanthene dye; photoactive dye; Colorado potato beetle ID PHLOXINE-B; COMPATIBILITY; DYES AB D&C Red No. 28 is a photoactive red dye that is insecticidal for a number of insect species. Unlike contact insecticides, D&C Red No. 28 must be consumed to be effective. Therefore, the red dye must adhere to leaves on which the insect feeds. During a field test of insecticidal activity of the red dye against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decimlineata L.), we measured the recovery of the red dye from potato leaves treated at rates of 70, 210, and 350 g per ha. When the dye was applied alone, we were able to recover over 91% of the red dye at 6 h post treatment and over 30% at one day. At 2 days post treatment, the limit of detection was reached (5 ng D&C Red No. 28/cm(2) leaf). In field studies, PEG 200 which improves dispersal, also improved adherence of red dye to leaves. In the laboratory, adjuvants such as PEG 200, Tween 80, and Gelva (R) also improved red dye adherence to leaves. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 306,Room 309,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 439LW UT WOS:000169119200005 ER PT J AU Webb, RE Shapiro, M Thorpe, KW Peiffer, RA Fuester, RW Valenti, MA White, GB Podgwaite, JD AF Webb, RE Shapiro, M Thorpe, KW Peiffer, RA Fuester, RW Valenti, MA White, GB Podgwaite, JD TI Potentiation by a granulosis virus of Gypchek, the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus product SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; baculovirus; adjuvant; Blankophor BBH; virus-enhancement; forest pest ID OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS AB Gypchek and a granulosis virus were applied in various combinations against several gypsy moth instars under field conditions, and a Blankophor BBH + Gypchek treatment was included as a comparison of virus enhancers. The residual effects of the treatments were determined over a 3-wk period. The addition of Helicoverpa armigera granulosis virus at a 1:100 dilution to Gypchek resulted in an approximate 10-fold increase in observed mortality, while the addition of Blankophor BBH at 1% resulted in an approximate 100-fold increase in observed mortality. The addition of Helicoverpa armigera granulosis virus at a 1:1000 dilution resulted in no consistent increase in recorded mortality, and the 1:100 granulosis virus dilution applied alone was inactive against gypsy moth. The residual activity of Gypchek was little enhanced by the addition of the granulosis virus at either dose. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Res, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USDA ARS, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Delaware Dept Agr Forest Serv, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 439LW UT WOS:000169119200008 ER PT J AU Wold, SJ Burkness, EC Hutchison, WD Venette, RC AF Wold, SJ Burkness, EC Hutchison, WD Venette, RC TI In-field monitoring of beneficial insect populations in transgenic corn expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beneficial insects; Coccinellidae; Chrysopidae; predators; Bt sweet corn ID CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA NEUROPTERA; BORER LEPIDOPTERA; SWEET CORN; PYRALIDAE; CHRYSOPIDAE; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; PROTEIN; HYBRIDS AB In 1998 and 1999, field studies were conducted near Rosemount, MN to assess the potential impact of transgenic sweet corn, transformed to express the Cry1Ab toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var kurstaki(i.e., Bt corn), on several beneficial insects, including predatory coccinellids, chrysopids and anthocorids. Beneficial insects in both St and in non-Bt sweet corn were also monitored in field cages in 1999. Plants were visually sampled for beneficial insects by arbitrarily selecting 3 consecutive plants from each plot or 6 plants/cage. Rank transformed data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. which indicated no significant within-year differences in the overall density of beneficial insect populations between Bt and non-Bt sweet corn. Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) was the dominant predator species detected in 1998 and 1999. A significant trend (P < 0.05) was found for C. maculata larvae in open plots, with non-Bt treatments having higher C. maculata levels than Bt. Also, C. maculata larval and adult densities, for caged plots, showed a significant trend for higher counts in the in non-Bt corn. No additional differences in species diversity of beneficial insects were detected using Hills N1. Neither Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Menville, Adalia bipunctata (L.), nor Coccinella septempunctata L. were observed during 1999. Although our test detected significant trends for higher densities of C. maculata in non-Bt corn, the results also suggest that longer-term in-field studies with higher sample sizes are needed to further characterize what may be relatively subtle population effects in the field. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA, APHIS, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Wold, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 34 TC 51 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 177 EP 187 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 439LW UT WOS:000169119200009 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, PG TI Factors affecting parasitization of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and sex ratio of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cotesia marginiventris; Spodoptera exigua; sex ratio; parasitization ID BEET ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CRESSON HYMENOPTERA; HOST SIZE; COTTON; FOLIAGE AB Biological factors hypothesized to affect parasitization by Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an endoparasitoid of larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), as well as its sex ratio, were examined in the laboratory, Highest parasitization occurred when (1) adult female parasitoids were closely associated with hosts, (2) adult female parasitoids were 1 day old, (3) a host:female parasitoid ratio of between 10:1 and 30:1 was maintained, (4) second-instar beet armyworms were used as hosts, and (5) adult female parasitoids were exposed to hosts for 24 h. Percentage of female progeny was higher when females were closely associated with second instars. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 188 EP 198 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 439LW UT WOS:000169119200010 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM McCutcheon, GS AF Simmons, AM McCutcheon, GS TI Daily foraging incidence of Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) on cowpea SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; Bemisia argentifolii; whitefly; vegetable; behavior; biological control; parasitoid C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 218 EP 221 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 439LW UT WOS:000169119200015 ER PT J AU Post, LS Schlarbaum, SE Barber, LR Tolman, DF Cecich, RA AF Post, LS Schlarbaum, SE Barber, LR Tolman, DF Cecich, RA TI Bifenthrin (Capture (R)) reduces Curculio spp. (Coleoptera : Curculioridae) damage in northern red oak acorns SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE northern red oak; Quercus rubra; acorn; weevil; bifenthrin; seed orchard C1 Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, State & Private Forestry, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, No Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Post, LS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 222 EP 225 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 439LW UT WOS:000169119200016 ER PT J AU Carey, AT Smith, DL Harrison, E Bird, CR Gross, KC Seymour, GB Tucker, GA AF Carey, AT Smith, DL Harrison, E Bird, CR Gross, KC Seymour, GB Tucker, GA TI Down-regulation of a ripening-related beta-galactosidase gene (TBG1) in transgenic tomato fruits SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE beta-galactosidase; TBG1; tomato; fruit ripening; transgenic plants; cell walls ID POLYGALACTURONASE GENE; L SEEDS; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; PLANTS; EXO-(1->4)-BETA-D-GALACTANASE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; INHIBITION; PROTEIN; CLONING AB Exo-galactanase/beta -galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) activity is thought to be responsible for the loss of galactosyl residues from the cell walls of ripening tomatoes. Transgenic tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Ailsa Craig) with reduced exo-galactanase/beta -galactosidase mRNA were generated to test this hypothesis and to investigate the role of the enzyme in fruit softening. A previously identified tomato beta -galactosidase cDNA clone, TBG1, was used in the experiments. Heterologous expression of the clone in yeast demonstrated that TBG1 could release galactosyl residues from tomato cell wall galactans. Transgenic plants showed a reduction in TBG1 mRNA to 10% of normal levels in the ripening fruits. However, despite the reduction in message, total beta -galactosidase and exo-galactanase activities were unaffected. Furthermore, there was no apparent effect on levels of cell wall galactosyl residues when compared with the control. It was concluded that during the ripening of tomato fruits a family of beta -galactosidases capable of degrading cell wall galactans are active and down-regulation of TBG1 message to 10% was insufficient to alter the degree of galactan degradation. C1 Hort Res Int, Dept Plant Genet & Biotechnol, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, Warwick, England. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Zeneca Plant Sci, Jealotts Hill Res Stn, Bracknell RG12 6EY, Berks, England. Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol Sci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. RP Seymour, GB (reprint author), Hort Res Int, Dept Plant Genet & Biotechnol, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, Warwick, England. RI Seymour, Graham/N-4539-2014; OI Tucker, Gregory/0000-0002-3377-9132 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 2001 VL 52 IS 357 BP 663 EP 668 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 449TL UT WOS:000169703200002 PM 11413202 ER PT J AU Smith, JL AF Smith, JL TI A review of hepatitis E virus SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; ACUTE SPORADIC HEPATITIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; UNITED-STATES TRAVELER; TRANSMITTED NON-A; READING FRAME 2; EPIDEMIC NON-A; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; E INFECTION AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of viral hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries but is infrequent in industrialized countries. The virus is transmitted by the fecal-oral route with fecally contaminated drinking water being the usual vehicle. Hepatitis resulting from HEV infection is a moderately severe jaundice that is self-limiting in most patients. Young adults, 15 to 30 years of age, are the main targets of infection, and the overall death rate is 0.5 to 3.0%. However, the death rate during pregnancy approaches 15 to 25%. Death of the mother and fetus, abortion, premature delivery, or death of a live-born baby soon after birth are common complications of hepatitis E infection during pregnancy. Hepatitis E virus is found in both wild and domestic animals; thus, HEV is a zoonotic virus. The viruses isolated from swine in the United States or Taiwan are closely related to human HEV found in those areas. The close genetic relationship of the swine and human virus suggests that swine may be a reservoir of HEV. In areas where swine are raised, swine manure could be a source of HEV contamination of irrigation water or coastal waters with concomitant contamination of produce or shellfish. Increasing globalization of food markets by industrialized countries has the potential of introducing HEV into new areas of the world. The purpose of this review is to cover certain aspects of hepatitis E including the causative agent, the disease, diagnosis, viral detection, viral transmission, epidemiology, populations targeted by HEV, and the role of animals as potential vectors of the virus. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jsmith@arserrc.gov NR 183 TC 116 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 BP 572 EP 586 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 419CU UT WOS:000167932400027 PM 11307901 ER PT J AU Tsai, LS Huxsoll, CC Robertson, G AF Tsai, LS Huxsoll, CC Robertson, G TI Prevention of potato spoilage during storage by chlorine dioxide SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chlorine dioxide; acidified oxine; potato; spoilage; Erwinia carotovora AB Acidified Oxine (AO) is a mixture of chlorite and chlorine dioxide. At 7.8 ppm available chlorine dioxide (ACD) for 10 min, it reduced 7.4 log CFU/mL of Erwinia carotovora, a potato pathogen, in phosphate buffer. Exposing potatoes to air purged through AO solutions proportionally reduced inoculated E, carotovora. A 40% reduction of spoilage was achieved by exposing to AO of 100 ppm ACD under an accelerated test. AO was demonstrated to be potentially effective in preventing potato spoilage without any significant risks of chemical residual or change of skin color. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tsai, LS (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 66 IS 3 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb16133.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 444QA UT WOS:000169410000018 ER PT J AU Gove, JH Ducey, MJ Stahl, G Ringvall, A AF Gove, JH Ducey, MJ Stahl, G Ringvall, A TI Point relascope sampling - A new way to assess downed coarse woody debris SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; biometrics; sampling AB This article presents a practical review of one of two recently developed methods for sampling downed coarse woody debris in forest stands. The method discussed here, point relascope sampling, is closely related to the familiar horizontal point sampling and this relationship is demonstrated throughout. Formulas, worked examples, and guidelines for the field implementation of the technique are presented. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resources Management & Geomat, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 2001 VL 99 IS 4 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418PJ UT WOS:000167900300003 ER PT J AU Johnsen, KH Wear, D Oren, R Teskey, RO Sanchez, F Will, R Butnor, J Markewitz, D Richter, D Rials, T Allen, HL Seiler, J Ellsworth, D Maier, C Katul, G Dougherty, PM AF Johnsen, KH Wear, D Oren, R Teskey, RO Sanchez, F Will, R Butnor, J Markewitz, D Richter, D Rials, T Allen, HL Seiler, J Ellsworth, D Maier, C Katul, G Dougherty, PM TI Carbon sequestration and southern pine forests SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; southern pine forests ID MOISTURE; PRODUCTS; DIOXIDE AB In managed forests, the amount of carbon further sequestered will be determined by (1) the increased amount of carbon in standing biomass (resulting from land-use changes and increased productivity); (2) the amount of recalcitrant carbon remaining below ground at the end of rotations; and (3) the amount of carbon sequestered in products created from harvested wood. Because of the region's high productivity and industrial infrastructure, carbon sequestration via southern pine forests could be increased, and this may benefit the nation in terms of global policy commitments. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Johnsen, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Will, Rodney/G-8111-2011; Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; NR 27 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 2001 VL 99 IS 4 BP 14 EP 21 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418PJ UT WOS:000167900300004 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Blevins, WT AF Schrader, KK Blevins, WT TI Effects of carbon source, phosphorus concentration, and several micronutrients on biomass and geosmin production by Streptomyces halstedii SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE actinomycete; biomass production; geosmin; micronutrients; off-flavor; Streptomyces halstedii ID PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; WATER; METABOLITES; CATFISH; TENDAE; PONDS AB The effects of various carbon sources, phosphorus concentration, and different concentrations of the micronutrients calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, potassium, and zinc were determined on biomass dry weight production, geosmin production, and geosmin/biomass (G/B) values for Streptomyces halstedii, a geosmin-producing actinomycete isolated from the sediment of an aquaculture pond. Of the substrates tested, maltose as a sole carbon source promoted maximal growth by S. halstedii while mannitol promoted maximal geosmin production, and galactose yielded the highest G/B values, Fish-food pellets and galactose were poor substrates for growth, Increasing phosphorus concentrations enhanced geosmin production and G/B values. Of the seven micronutrients tested, zinc, iron, and copper had the most profound effects on biomass and geosmin production. Increasing zinc concentrations promoted biomass production while inhibiting geosmin production and G/B values; increasing concentrations of copper and iron inhibited biomass and geosmin production. Increased copper concentrations had the greatest effect in preventing growth and geosmin production by S, halstedii. C1 Auburn Univ, Coll Sci & Math, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 42 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 7 U2 18 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 4 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.7000121 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 451FP UT WOS:000169790700011 PM 11464274 ER PT J AU Predel, R Nachman, RJ Gade, G AF Predel, R Nachman, RJ Gade, G TI Myostimulatory neuropeptides in cockroaches: structures, distribution, pharmacological activities, and mimetic analogs SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE insect neuropeptides; cockroaches; myotropin; mimetic analogs; pest management ID TACHYKININ-RELATED PEPTIDES; PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA L; ABDOMINAL PERISYMPATHETIC ORGANS; INSECT PYROKININ NEUROPEPTIDES; LOCUST SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MYOTROPIC NEUROPEPTIDE; TOPICAL APPLICATION; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES AB In this brief overview we give the historical background on the discovery of myostimulatory neuropeptides in cockroaches. Related peptides were later found in other insect groups as well. We summarize the current knowledge on primary structures, localization, physiological and pharmacological effects of the different cockroach neuropeptides, including kinins, sulfakinins, pyrokinins, tachykinin-related peptides, periviscerokinins, corazonin, and proctolin. In addition, we briefly comment on the development of mimetic pseudopeptide analogs in the context of their possible use in insect pest management. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Jena, Inst Allgemeine Zool & Tierphysiol, D-07743 Jena, Germany. ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Gade, G (reprint author), 14 Landseer Rd, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015 NR 117 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD APR-MAY PY 2001 VL 47 IS 4-5 BP 311 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(00)00129-3 PG 14 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 411RW UT WOS:000167513900001 ER PT J AU Hendrix, DL Salvucci, ME AF Hendrix, DL Salvucci, ME TI Isobemisiose: an unusual trisaccharide abundant in the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; insect; isomaltose; trehalose ID APHID ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; PEA APHID; SUCROSE CONCENTRATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL-ROLE; DIETARY SUCROSE; HONEYDEW; SORBITOL; OSMOREGULATION; TREHALOSE; ACCUMULATION AB The major soluble carbohydrates in the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii, were glucose, alpha,alpha -trehalose and an unknown sugar. Analysis of the unknown sugar and its chemical and enzymatic digestion products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that it was probably a trisaccharide, consisting entirely of glucose, and containing both alpha,alpha -trehalose and isomaltose moieties. Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry and C-13 and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that the sugar was a trisaccharide with the folio wing structure: O-alpha -D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-alpha -D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-alpha -D-glucopyranoside. This trisaccharide, found primarily in the bodies of B. argentifolii and not in their honeydew, is structurally similar to bemisiose [O-alpha -D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-alpha -D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-alpha -D-glucopyranoside], a sugar first identified in Bemisia honeydew. Consequently, the common name isobemisiose is proposed for the newly identified sugar. Isobemisiose, which has not been previously reported to occur in nature, constituted as much as 46% (w/w) of the ethanol-soluble sugars in adult B. argentifolii, equivalent to approximately 10% of their dry weight. It was also found in similar quantities in immature B. argentifolii. Isobemisiose was detected in two other whitefly species and in several species of aphids, but at lesser concentrations than in B. argentifolii. Labeling and pulse-chase experiments using [C-14]sucrose supplied to B. argentifolii in an artificial diet revealed that label accumulated in and was chased from isobemisiose more slowly than for either glucose or trehalose. Incubation of isobemisiose with cell-free extracts of B, argentifolii demonstrated that these whiteflies contained the necessary complement of enzymes to fully degrade isobemisiose to glucose. These labeling and digestion experiments indicate that isobemisose is probably a storage carbohydrate in B. argentifolii. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hendrix, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD APR-MAY PY 2001 VL 47 IS 4-5 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(00)00118-9 PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 411RW UT WOS:000167513900013 ER PT J AU Steenberg, T Jespersen, JB Jensen, KMV Nielsen, BO Humber, RA AF Steenberg, T Jespersen, JB Jensen, KMV Nielsen, BO Humber, RA TI Entomopathogenic fungi in flies associated with pastured cattle in Denmark SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haematobia irritans; Hydrotaea irritans; Musca autumnalis; Musca domestica; Scatophaga stercoraria; Stomoxys calcitrans; entomopathogenic fungi; ecology; specificity; transmission; fly control; Entomophthora muscae species complex; Furia americana; Beauveria bassiana ID ENTOMOPHTHORA-MUSCAE; DIPTERA; FLY AB Cattle flies, including Musca autumnalis, Haematobia irritans and Hydrotaea irritans are pests of pastured cattle. A 2-year study of the natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in adult cattle flies and other flies associated with pastures showed that the four species included in the Entomophthora muscae species complex (E, muscae sensu late) caused high infection levels in several species of dies, However, only a few specimens of cattle flies were infected by E, muscae sensu stricto despite the fact that cattle flies were observed to perch on spear thistles, which acted as transmission site for all four Entomophthora species. Transmission experiments with E, muscae s.l supported the field data. Of the two species considered host specific, E, syrphi caused substantial infection in a muscid, and E, scatophagae likewise could be transmitted to a muscid, This emphasizes the need for a revision of the two species. Low prevalences were recorded of another entomophthoralean, Furia americana, and of the hyphomycetes Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Minist Food Agr & Fisheries, Danish Pest Infestat Lab, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Dept Zool, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. ARS, USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Steenberg, T (reprint author), Minist Food Agr & Fisheries, Danish Pest Infestat Lab, Skovbrynet 14, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RI Jensen, Karl-Martin Vagn/E-9756-2016 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 77 IS 3 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1006/jipa.2001.5021 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 438BG UT WOS:000169033400006 PM 11356054 ER PT J AU Fernandez, S Groden, E Vandenberg, JD Furlong, MJ AF Fernandez, S Groden, E Vandenberg, JD Furlong, MJ TI The effect of mode of exposure to Beauveria bassiana on conidia acquisition and host mortality of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; mortality; fluorescence microscopy; foliar applications; mode of exposure; germination ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; INSECT CUTICLE; INFECTION; PERSISTENCE; LARVAE AB The effects of the mode of exposure of second instar Colorado potato beetles to Beauveria bassiana on conidia acquisition and resulting mortality were investigated in laboratory studies. Larvae sprayed directly with a B, bassiana condial suspension, larvae exposed to B, bassiana-treated foliage, and larvae both sprayed and exposed to treated foliage experienced 76, 34, and 77% mortality, respectively. The total number of conidia and the proportion of germinating conidia were measured over time for four sections of the insect body: the ventral surface of the head (consisting mostly of ventral mouth parts), the ventral abdominal surface, the dorsal abdominal surface, and the legs. From observations at 24 and 36 h posttreatment, mean totals of 161.1 conidia per insect were found on sprayed larvae, 256.1 conidia on larvae exposed only to treated foliage, and 408.3 conidia on larvae both sprayed and exposed to treated foliage, On sprayed larvae, the majority of conidia were found on the dorsal abdominal surface, whereas conidia were predominantly found in the ventral abdominal surface and mouth parts on larvae exposed to treated foliage, Between 24 and 36 h postinoculation the percentage of conidia germinating on sprayed larvae increased slightly from 80 to 84%), On the treated foliage, the percentage of germinated conidia on larvae increased from 35% at 24 h to 50% at 36 h posttreatment, Conidia germination on sprayed larvae on treated foliage was 65% at 24 h and 75% at 36 h posttreatment, It is likely that the gradual acquisition of conidia derived from the continuous exposure to B. bassiana inoculum on the foliar surface was responsible for the increase in germination over time on larvae exposed to treated foliage, The density and germination of conidia were observed 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after being sprayed with or dipped in conidia suspensions or exposing insects to contaminated foliage, Conidia germinated twice as fast on sprayed insects as with any other treatment within the first 12 h, This faster germination may be due to the pressure of the sprayer enhancing conidial lodging on cuticular surfaces. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Zool & Entomol, Brisbane, Qld 4343, Australia. RP Fernandez, S (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RI Furlong, Michael/A-3314-2013 OI Furlong, Michael/0000-0002-1465-8087 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 77 IS 3 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1006/jipa.2001.5022 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 438BG UT WOS:000169033400009 PM 11356057 ER PT J AU Reyes-Villanueva, F Becnel, JJ Butler, JF AF Reyes-Villanueva, F Becnel, JJ Butler, JF TI Morphological traits for distinguishing extracellular gamonts of Ascogregarina culicis and Ascogregarina taiwanensis in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LECUDINIDAE; APICOMPLEXA; DIPTERA; FLORIDA; PATHOGENICITY; MOSQUITOS C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Invertebrate Zool, San Nicolas Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Reyes-Villanueva, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Bldg 970,Hull Rd,POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 77 IS 3 BP 227 EP 229 DI 10.1006/jipa.2001.5018 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 438BG UT WOS:000169033400010 PM 11356058 ER PT J AU Morley, JE Baumgartner, RN Roubenoff, R Mayer, J Nair, KS AF Morley, JE Baumgartner, RN Roubenoff, R Mayer, J Nair, KS TI Sarcopenia SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 73rd Meeting of the Central-Society-for-Clinical-Research CY SEP 21-23, 2000 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Cent Soc Clinical Res ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR-DISEASE; UNTRAINED OLDER MEN; GROWTH-HORMONE; BODY-COMPOSITION; TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; WEIGHT-LOSS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE AB Sarcopenia is a term utilized to define the loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging. Sarcopenia is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of frailty and functional impairment that occurs with old age. Progressive muscle wasting occurs with aging. The prevalence of clinically significant sarcopenia is estimated to range from 8.8% in young old women to 17.5% in old old men. Persons who are obese and sarcopenic (the "fat frail") have worse outcomes than those who ate sarcopenic and non-obese. There is a disproportionate atrophy of type IIa muscle fibers with aging. There is also evidence of an age-related decrease in the synthesis rate of myosin heavy chain proteins, the major anabolic protein. Motor units innervating muscle decline with aging, and there is increased irregularity of muscle unit firing. There are indications that cytokines-especially interleukin-lp, tumor necrosis factor-ct, and interleukin-6-play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Similarly, the decline in anabolic hormones-namely, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I-is also implicated in the sarcopenic process. The role of the physiologic anorexia of aging remains to be determined. Decreased physical activity with aging appears to be the key factor involved in producing sarcopenia. An increased research emphasis on the factors involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is needed. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Geriatr Med, Div Geriatr Med, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Mayo Clin, Div Endocrinol Metab Nutr & Internal Med, Rochester, MN USA. RP Morley, JE (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Geriatr Med, Div Geriatr Med, 1402 S Grand,Room M-238, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG15797] NR 126 TC 439 Z9 459 U1 3 U2 45 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 137 IS 4 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.1067/mlc.2001.113504 PG 13 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 420KB UT WOS:000168003200002 PM 11283518 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH Jauhianen, M McGladdery, S Ausman, LM Jalbert, SM Vilella-Bach, M Ehnholm, C Frohlich, J Schaefer, EJ AF Lichtenstein, AH Jauhianen, M McGladdery, S Ausman, LM Jalbert, SM Vilella-Bach, M Ehnholm, C Frohlich, J Schaefer, EJ TI Impact of hydrogenated fat on high density lipoprotein subfractions and metabolism SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE low density lipoprotein; apoA-I; hydrogenated fat; trans-fatty acids; saturated fatty acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; cholesterol; cholesterol ester transfer protein; phospholipid transfer protein; fractional esterification rate of cholesterol; diet; butter; margarine ID PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED OVEREXPRESSION; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINS; SERUM-LIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; HEALTHY-MEN; OLEIC-ACID AB Relative to saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids/hydrogenated fat-enriched diets have been reported to increase low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and either decrease or have no effect on high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. To better understand the effect of trans-fatty acids/hydrogenated fat on HDL cholesterol levels and metabolism, 36 subjects (female, n = 18; male, n = 18) were provided with each of three diets containing, as the major sources of fat, vegetable oil-based semiliquid margarine, traditional stick margarine, or butter for 35-day periods. LDL cholesterol levels were 155 +/- 27, 168 +/- 30, and 177 +/- 32 mg/dl after subjects followed the semiliquid margarine, stick margarine, and butter-enriched diets, respectively. HDL cholesterol levels were 43 +/- 10, 42 +/- 9, and 45 +/- 10 mg/dl, respectively. Dietary response in apolipoprotein (apo) A-I levels was similar to that in HDL cholesterol levels. HDL2 cholesterol levels were 12 +/- 7, 11 +/- 6, and 14 +/- 7 mg/dl, respectively. There was virtually no effect of dietary fat on HDL3 cholesterol levels. The dietary perturbations had a larger effect on particles containing apoA-I only (Lp A-I) than apoA-I and A-II (Lp A-I/A-II). Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) activity was 13.28 +/- 5.76, 15.74 +/- 5.41, and 14.35 +/- 4.77 mmol X h(-1) X ml(-1), respectively. Differences in CETP, phospholipid transfer protein activity, or the fractional esterification rate of cholesterol in HDL did not account for the differences observed in HDL cholesterol levels. These data suggest that the saturated fatty acid component, rather than the trans- or polyunsaturated fatty acid component, of the diets was the putative factor in modulating HDL cholesterol response. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Biochem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ British Columbia, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atherosclerosis Specialty Lab, Vancouver, BC V62 1Y6, Canada. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54727] NR 55 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 BP 597 EP 604 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 421UX UT WOS:000168082900015 PM 11290832 ER PT J AU Black, A Tilmont, EM Baer, DJ Rumpler, DK Roth, GS Lane, MA AF Black, A Tilmont, EM Baer, DJ Rumpler, DK Roth, GS Lane, MA TI Accuracy and precision of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition measurements in rhesus monkeys SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BMC; chemical analysis; DXA; fat; lean; nonhuman primates ID SOFT-TISSUE COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; CARCASS ANALYSIS; PIGS; VALIDATION; PIGLETS; INFANTS; INVIVO; RATS AB Accuracy of body composition measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was compared with direct chemical analysis in 10 adult rhesus monkeys. DXA was highly correlated (r-values > 0.95) with direct analyses of body fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) and lumbar spine bone mineral content (BMC). DXA measurements of total body BMC were not as strongly correlated (r-value = 0.58) with total carcass ash content. DXA measurements of body FM, LM and lumbar spine BMC were not different from data obtained by direct analyses (P-values > 0.30). In contrast, DXA determinations of total BMC (TBMC) averaged 15% less than total carcass ash measurements (P = 0.002). In conclusion, this study confirms the accurate measurement of fat and lean tissue mass by DXA in rhesus monkeys. DXA also accurately measured lumbar spine BMC but underestimated total body BMC as compared with carcass ash determinations. C1 NIA, Nutr Mol Physiol Unit, Neurosci Lab,Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Black, A (reprint author), NIA, Nutr Mol Physiol Unit, Neurosci Lab,Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0684.2001.300204.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 452UR UT WOS:000169878500004 PM 11491410 ER PT J AU Russell, JB Jarvis, GN AF Russell, JB Jarvis, GN TI Practical mechanisms for interrupting the oral-fecal lifecycle of Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACID RESISTANCE; BEEF-CATTLE; GROUND-BEEF; O157-H7; PH; PREVALENCE; PATHOGENS; INFECTION; TOLERANCE; BACTERIA AB Escherichia coli is a common gut inhabitant, but it is usually out numbered by strictly anaerobic bacteria. When fecal material is exposed to oxygen, fermentation acids can be respired, and E. coli numbers increase, E, coli can survive for long periods of time in feces, but subsequent proliferation is dependent on its ability to re-enter the gastrointestinal tract via contaminated water and food, The oral-fecal lifestyle of E. coli is facilitated by its ability to survive the low pH of the human gastric stomach. Most strains of E. coli do not cause human disease, but some strains produce toxins and other virulence factors. Mature cattle carry E. coli O157:H7 without showing signs of infection, and beef can be contaminated with cattle feces at slaughter. Cattle manure is often used as a fertilizer by the vegetable industry, and E. coli from manure can migrate through the soil into water supplies, Sanitation, cooking and chlorination have been used to combat fecal E. coli, but these methods are not always effective, Recent work indicates that cattle diets can be modified overcome the extreme acid resistance of E, coli. When cattle were fed have for only a few days, colonic volatile fatty acid concentrations declined, pH increased, and the E. coli were no longer able to survive a pH shock that mimicked the human gastric stomach. E. coli in stored cattle manure eventually become highly acid resistant even if the cattle were fed hay, but these bacteria could be killed by sodium carbonate (150 mM, pH 8.5). Because the diet manipulations and carbonate treatments affected E. coli in general rather than specific serotypes, there is an increased likelihood of successful field application. C1 Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-U-001576-0] NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU HORIZON SCIENTIFIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA PO BOX 1, NORFOLK, WYMONDHAM NR18 0JA, ENGLAND SN 1464-1801 J9 J MOL MICROB BIOTECH JI J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 416QQ UT WOS:000167792000018 PM 11321582 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K Lukaski, HC Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH AF Yokoi, K Lukaski, HC Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH TI Use of bioimpedance spectroscopy to estimate body water distribution in rats fed high dietary sulfur amino acids SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting CY APR 14-18, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE bioimpedance; capacitance; extracellular water; methionine; homocysteine; rats ID BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; METHYLATION REACTIONS; NICKEL DEPRIVATION; PROTEIN-BINDING; FOLIC-ACID; METHIONINE; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; INDEXES; HOMOCYSTEINE; PEROXIDATION AB The effect of dietary sulfur amino acids on bioelectric properties was studied in rats by using bioimpedance spectroscopy. Weanling rats were assigned to one of 12 groups in a factorially arranged experiment with dietary variables of supplemental sulfur amino acid (none, 10 g DL-methionine/kg or 10 g DL-homocystine/kg), pyridoxine hydrochloride (0 or 7.5 mg/kg) and nickel (0 or 1 mg/kg). After 9 wk of feeding, 20-h urine specimens were collected from food-deprived rats for measurements of creatinine, and then bioimpedance was measured with multifrequency (Hydra ECF/ICF 4200) and single-frequency (RJL Systems model 101) analyzers. Urinary creatinine excretion was measured by intracellular water (ICW), total body solid and urinary volume (R-2 = 0.675). Extracellular water (ECW) did not add significantly to the model. Rats fed methionine had significantly lower total body water, ICW and ECW than rats fed no supplemental sulfur amino acid. Rats fed homocystine had significantly lower ECW and a significantly higher ratio of ICW to ECW. Rats fed methionine or homocystine had significantly lower capacitance corrected for body length and ICW than those fed no supplemental sulfur amino acids. These results suggest that dietary homocystine changes the distribution of body water and that sulfur amino acids can affect membrane porosity and/or membrane thickness. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Yokoi, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 131 IS 4 BP 1302 EP 1308 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 421TK UT WOS:000168079500031 PM 11285342 ER PT J AU King, JC AF King, JC TI Effect of reproduction on the bioavailability of calcium, zinc and selenium SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioavailability of Nutrients and Other Bioactive Components from Dietary Supplements CY JAN 05-06, 2000 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Off Dietary Supplements, Natl Inst Hlth & Life Sci Res Off, Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE calcium; zinc; selenium; pregnancy; lactation; bioavailability ID STABLE ISOTOPES; LACTATION; ABSORPTION; WOMEN; PREGNANCY; HOMEOSTASIS; METABOLISM AB Nutrient needs increase during pregnancy and lactation to support fetal growth and milk synthesis, respectively. Physiological adjustments that are made to meet those needs alter the fraction of ingested nutrient retained, or the bioavailability. Using stable isotopes as tracers, we measured calcium, zinc and selenium homeostasis in women during reproduction. The physiological response, and therefore the bioavailability, of these three minerals differed during reproduction. Calcium absorption increased similar to2-fofd during pregnancy but dropped to values for nonpregnant women during lactation. The calcium needs for lactation were met by renal conservation and bone resorption. In women chronically consuming a low calcium diet, fractional calcium absorption increased to >80% during reproduction. Zinc absorption tended to increase during pregnancy and lactation; renal conservation was not evident at any time during the reproductive cycle. Selenium absorption was high, similar to 80% of intake, in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. Pregnant women conserved selenium by decreasing urinary selenium excretion. Studies defining the impact of maternal status and the dietary mineral source and amount on mineral bioavailability are needed to determine the potential benefits of mineral supplementation during reproduction. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 131 SU 4 BP 1355S EP 1358S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 423HU UT WOS:000168170600008 PM 11285354 ER PT J AU Russell, RM AF Russell, RM TI Factors in aging that effect the bioavailability of nutrients SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioavailability of Nutrients and Other Bioactive Components from Dietary Supplements CY JAN 05-06, 2000 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Off Dietary Supplements, Natl Inst Hlth & Life Sci Res Off, Amer Soc Nutr Sci ID PROTEIN-BOUND VITAMIN-B12; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; FOLIC-ACID; HUMANS; WOMEN; AGE; MALABSORPTION; ABSORPTION AB Until a few years ago, little was known about bioavailability of micronutrients in elderly humans. It was assumed by many basic investigators and geriatricians that malabsorption of both macronutrients and micronutrients was a common problem among elderly persons. We now know that this is not the case; elderly persons who malabsorb macronutrients do so because of disease, not because of age. This report will be divided into three sections. The first section focuses on the general principles of absorptive processes in elderly persons. The second section focuses on the bioavailability of specific micronutrients in elderly persons, with specific examples of "problem" nutrients. The third section lays out a proposed research agenda for studying the bioavailability of nutrients and other active components of dietary supplements in elderly persons. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Russell, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 131 SU 4 BP 1359S EP 1361S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 423HU UT WOS:000168170600009 PM 11285355 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Tamura, T AF Wood, RJ Tamura, T TI Methodological issues in assessing bioavailability of nutrients and other bioactive substances in dietary supplements: Summary of workshop discussion SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioavailability of Nutrients and Other Bioactive Components from Dietary Supplements CY JAN 05-06, 2000 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Off Dietary Supplements, Natl Inst Hlth & Life Sci Res Off, Amer Soc Nutr Sci ID FOOD IRON AVAILABILITY; CELL-CULTURE MODEL; CACO-2 CELLS; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; FOLATE; LINE C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 131 SU 4 BP 1396S EP 1398S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 423HU UT WOS:000168170600016 PM 11285362 ER PT J AU Momcilovic, B Reeves, PG AF Momcilovic, B Reeves, PG TI Idiorrhythmic zinc dose-rate induction of intestinal metallothionein in rats depends upon their nutritional zinc status SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting CY APR 14-18, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE zinc dose-rate idiorrhythm; structured dietary intake; intestinal metallothionein induction; zinc nutritional status; zinc repletion rate; gastrointestinal tract as a sensory organ ID FUEL SELECTION; IRON; DEFICIENCY; CELLS; METABOLISM; APOPTOSIS; DIETS AB The idiorrhythmic dose-rate feeding experimental model was used to study the induction of intestinal metallothionein (iMT) by zinc (Zn) in the gastrointestinal (GIT) mucosa of young growing male rats relative to their nutritional Zn status. The idiorrhythmic approach requires that the average dietary Zn concentration, referred to as module (M), is kept constant across different groups over the whole experimental epoch (E). This is done by adjusting the Zn concentration of the supplemented diet to compensate for the reduction in the number of days on which this diet is fed, the latter being spread evenly over the whole experiment. Idiorrhythms (I) involve offering the diet with n times the overall Zn concentration (M) only every nth day with a Zn-deficient diet offered on other days. We studied three modules (low-Zn, M3; adequate-Zn, M12; and high-Zn, M48), each M having 8 analogous idiorrhythms (I = Mx/1 to 8Mx/8); every I was fed over a 48-d idiorrhythmic E. Over the wide range of peak doses of dietary Zn (3-384 mg Zn/kg diet), the higher the modulo, the greater the capacity for iMT to be induced (M3 < M12 < M48; P < 0.05). Also, the ability of Zn to induce iMT increased proportionally with the progression of the idiorrhythms from I = Mx/1 to 8Mx/8 (P < 0.001). When rats were fed M3, less Zn was required to induce iMT than when they were fed M12 or M48. Thus, within the M and E limits of this study, the better the nutritional Zn status of the animal, the more Zn is required to induce iMT and vice versa. The fact that iMT was increased means that the amount of available Zn was not proportional with the actual steady state of its metabolism. This indicates that for any Zn supplementation program to be effective, it should progress gradually from a lower to a higher Zn dose relative to the given nutritional Zn status. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. Inst Med Res & Occupat Hlth, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 2001 VL 12 IS 4 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00157-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 422YF UT WOS:000168146300006 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Liddell, S Mattson, D Speer, CA Howe, DK Jenkins, MC AF Dubey, JP Liddell, S Mattson, D Speer, CA Howe, DK Jenkins, MC TI Characterization of the Oregon isolate of Neospora hughesi from a horse SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; GERBILS MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL DNA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CANINUM INFECTION; SURFACE PROTEIN; TISSUE CYSTS; APICOMPLEXA; TACHYZOITES AB Neospora hughesi was isolated in cell cultures inoculated with homogenate of spinal cord from a horse in Oregon. Tachyzoites of this Oregon isolate of N. hughesi were maintained continuously by cell culture passage and tachyzoites were infective to immunosuppressed mice. Gamma interferon gene knockout (KO) mice injected with tachyzoites developed fatal myocarditis and numerous tachyzoites were seen in lesions. Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatas) inoculated with tachyzoites developed antibodies (greater than or equal to1:500) as indicated by the Neospora caninum agglutination test but did not develop clinical signs, and Neospora organisms were not demonstrable in their tissues. Tissue cysts were not found in gerbils, nude mice, KO mice, immunosuppressed outbred Swiss Webster mice, or BALB/c mice injected with the Oregon isolate of N. hughesi. Ultrastructurally. tachyzoites of the Oregon isolate from the myocardium of infected KO mice and from cell culture were similar to N. caninum tachyzoites. Western blot analysis using NcSAG1 and NcSRS2 polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and characterization of the internal transcribed spacer 1 sequences from the equine isolates and different isolates of N. caninum from dogs and cattle indicated that the Oregon isolate of N. hughesi is distinct from N. caninum isolates from cattle and dogs. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI liddell, susan/C-2653-2012 NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0345:COTOIO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 423MC UT WOS:000168179200017 PM 11318565 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Liddell, S Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP AF Hill, DE Liddell, S Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP TI Specific detection of Neospora caninum oocysts in fecal samples from experimentally-infected dogs using the polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; PCR; PROTOZOAN; ITS-1; DNA AB Neospora caninum oocysts, passed in the feces of a definitive host (dog), were isolated, and genomic DNA was extracted. A polymerase cahin reaction (PCR) targeting the N. caninum-specific Nc 5 genomic sequence was performed using the isolated DNA. A synthesized competitor molecule containing part of the Nc 5 sequence was included in the assay as a check against false-negative PCR results and to quantify N. caninum oocyst DNA in fecal samples. A standard curve of the ratio of fluorescence intensity of PCR-amplified competitor to that of oocyst DNA was constructed to compare oocyst equivalents from fecal samples containing unknown numbers of N. caninum oocysts and to assess the sensitivity of the assay. The specificity of the assay was determined using the Nc 5-specific primers in PCR assays against other parasites likely to be found in canine feces. Genomic DNA sequences from the canine coccidians Hammondia heydorni. Cryptosporidium parvum. Sarcoystis cruzi, S. tenella, and Isospora ohioensis and the canine helminth parasites Strongloides stercoralis. Toxocura canis. Dipylidium caninum, and Ancylostoma caninum were not amplified. In addition, genomic DNA sequences from oocysts of coccidian parasites that might contaminate dog feces, such as Hammondia hammondi, Taxoplasma gondii, or Eimeria tenella, were not amplified in the PCR assay. The assay should be useful in epidemiological surveys of both domestic and wild canine hosts and in investigations of oocyst biology in experimental infections. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, LPSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, LPSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI liddell, susan/C-2653-2012 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0395:SDONCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 423MC UT WOS:000168179200023 PM 11318571 ER PT J AU Kutz, SJ Elkin, BT Panay, D Dubey, JP AF Kutz, SJ Elkin, BT Panay, D Dubey, JP TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from the Canadian Arctic SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXOTIC MAMMALS; INFECTION; SPECIFICITY; OOCYSTS; ALASKA; SOWS; PIGS AB Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined in 147 barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from 5 herds in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. northern Canada, by the modified agglutination rest (MAT). In the mainland herds (Bluenose Bathurst, and Beverly), antibodies were found in 43 (37%) of 117 caribou. and MAT titers were 1:25 in 10, 1:50 in 24, and 1:500 in 9. In the island herds, only 1 (4.3%,) of 23 animals sampled from the North Baffin Island herd was positive (titer = 1:25) and no antibodies were detected in 7 caribou from the Dolphin and Union herd. The high prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in the mainland caribou herds indicates that caribou meat may contain viable T.gondii. C1 Govt NW Terr, Wildlife & Fisheries Div, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S8, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Microbiol, Western Coll Vet Med, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 BP 439 EP 442 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0439:POTGAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 423MC UT WOS:000168179200034 PM 11318582 ER PT J AU Raboy, V Young, KA Dorsch, JA Cook, A AF Raboy, V Young, KA Dorsch, JA Cook, A TI Genetics and breeding of seed phosphorus and phytic acid SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Plant Seeds/5th Gatersleben Research Conference CY AUG 27-31, 2000 CL GATERSLEBEN, GERMANY DE Zea mays L.; Hordeum vulgare L.; Oryza sativa L.; animal nutrition; barley; genetics; human nutrition; maize; myo-inositol; myo-inositol hexakisphosphate; phosphorus; phytic acid; rice ID MYO-INOSITOL-1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; PHYTATE; PLANTS; MAIZE; L.; BIOAVAILABILITY; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACCUMULATION AB The isolation of cereal low phytic acid (lpa) mutants provides a novel approach to studying the biology of seed phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate or Ins P-6) and to dealing with environmental and nutritional problems associated with ii. Seed produced by ipa lines contain normal levels of total phosphorus (P), but greatly reduced levels of phytic acid P. Two phenotypically distinct types of ipa mutants have been isolated in maize (Zea mays L.). barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.). In "lpa1-like" mutants, seed phytic acid P reductions ranging from 50 % to 95 % tin comparison with levels typical of non-mutant seed) are largely matched by corresponding increases in inorganic P. In "lpa2-like" mutants, seed phytic acid P reductions ranging from 50 % to 75 % are matched by increases in both inorganic P and in myo-inositol (Ins) phosphates containing five or fewer P esters (compared with phytic acid's six P esters). In all cases the sum of seed Ins phosphates (including phytic acid) and inorganic P remains constant and similar to that in normal seeds. Some Ipa alleles are lethal as homozygotes, others have a negative effect on plant or seed growth and function but are viable, still others have little effect and are being used to breed "low phytate" maize and barley types. Progress in Ipa genetics and breeding, and the animal and human nutrition studies conducted with these new crop types, will be reviewed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Raboy, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, POB 307,1691 So 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 38 TC 104 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 11 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 158 IS 4 BP 489 EP 497 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-00361 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426AG UT WOS:000168326400012 ER PT J AU Vasil, IK Bean, S Zhao, JM McCluskey, P Lookhart, G Zhao, HP Altpeter, F Vasil, V AF Vasil, IK Bean, S Zhao, JM McCluskey, P Lookhart, G Zhao, HP Altpeter, F Vasil, V TI Evaluation of baking properties and gluten protein composition of field grown transgenic wheat lines expressing high molecular weight glutenin gene 1Ax1 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Plant Seeds/5th Gatersleben Research Conference CY AUG 27-31, 2000 CL GATERSLEBEN, GERMANY DE bread; cereals; glutenin; protein; transgenic plant; wheat ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FLOUR; SUBUNITS; QUALITY; SEPARATION AB The unique breadmaking properties of wheat are closely related to the quality and quantity of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenins present in wheat flour. We have produced several transgenic wheat lines expressing the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) gene 1Ax1. They were analyzed for stability of gene expression and the effect of over-expressed 1Ax1 protein on protein composition, agronomic trails and flour functionality in R4 seeds obtained from plants grown in the field. The expression of 1Ax1 in R4 seeds was similar to that found in R3 seeds harvested from plants reared in a growth chamber, indicating that the high level expression of 1Ax1 under its own promoter was stable under field conditions. Quantitative differences were observed in gliadins, flour yield and single kernel characteristics between 1Ax1 transgenic wheat and the Bobwhite control. No qualitative differences in the gliadin or low molecular weight glutenin subunits were seen between the control and transgenic plants. Two of the transgenic lines showed some very high molecular weight proteins in addition to the 1Ax1 and the native HMW-GS. Purification and N-terminal sequencing of these proteins did not reveal any similarity to HMW-GS. In some of the transgenic lines, mixing time, loaf volume and water absorbance improved relative to the control cultivar. This was the first large scale baking and mixing test of field grown transgenic wheat. Our results show that the integration of a seventh HMW-GS gene (1Ax1), and its expression resulting in the presence of six HMW-GS in the wheat endosperm, neither caused any gene silencing nor any undesirable effect on yield, protein composition or flour functionality. C1 Univ Florida, Lab Plant Cell & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Kansas State Univ, Kansas State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Monsanto, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Vasil, IK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Lab Plant Cell & Mol Biol, 1143 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Vasil, Indra/F-6192-2011; OI Vasil, Indra/0000-0002-8900-4897; Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 158 IS 4 BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-00365 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 426AG UT WOS:000168326400016 ER PT J AU Garlotta, D AF Garlotta, D TI A literature review of poly(lactic acid) SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE poly(lactic acid); synthesis; crystallization kinetics; viscosity; composites ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; DIFFERENT MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS; ABA TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLY(L-LACTIC ACID); STEREOCOMPLEX FORMATION; L-LACTIDE; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) AB A literature review is presented regarding the synthesis, and physicochemical, chemical, and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)(PLA). Poly(lactic acid) exists as a polymeric helix, with an orthorhombic unit cell. The tensile properties of PLA can vary widely, depending on whether or not it is annealed or oriented or what its degree of crystallinity is. Also discussed are the effects of processing on PLA. Crystallization and crystallization kinetics of PLA are also investigated. Solution and melt rheology of PLA is also discussed. Four different power-law equations and 14 different Mark-Houwink equations are presented for PLA. Nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy of PLA are briefly discussed. Finally, research conducted on starch-PLA composites is introduced. C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Garlotta, D (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 134 TC 1260 Z9 1321 U1 94 U2 728 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD APR PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 63 EP 84 AR UNSP 1566-2543/01/0400-0063/0 DI 10.1023/A:1020200822435 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 593HU UT WOS:000177985700003 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Wong, DWS Robertson, GH AF Lee, CC Wong, DWS Robertson, GH TI An E-coli expression system for the extracellular secretion of barley alpha-amylase SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE secretion; alpha-amylase; barley; E. coli ID IN-VITRO RECOMBINATION; YEAST PICHIA-PASTORIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PROTEINS; ALPHA-AMYLASE-1; PURIFICATION; HEMOLYSIN; EVOLUTION; GENE AB Libraries of modified genes are often screened during the process of genetically engineering enzymes with specifically tailored activities. It is important, therefore, to create expression systems which allow for the rapid screening of many clones. We developed an Escherichia coli expression system which will secrete enzymes into the growth medium. We describe the first reported expression of barley alpha -amylase in E. coli. The enzyme is secreted onto solid media containing starch to produce easily visualized halos. In addition, the enzyme is secreted into liquid media in an intact, active form. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD APR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1023/A:1010904109747 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 467GH UT WOS:000170693700006 PM 11565903 ER PT J AU Malundo, TMM Shewfelt, RL Ware, GO Baldwin, EA AF Malundo, TMM Shewfelt, RL Ware, GO Baldwin, EA TI An alternative method for relating consumer and descriptive data used to identify critical flavor properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; AROMA AB An alternative method for measuring response and analyzing data in consumer research was explored in this study which attempted to identify critical flavor properties of mango. Twelve mango samples were evaluated according to 13 flavor descriptors by a trained panel using 150-mm unstructured lines. Consumers (n=120), intercepted in supermarkets, each tasted 3 samples and responded 'yes' or 'no' to an intent-to-purchase question. Consumer response, coded by respectively assigning 0 or 1 to each negative or positive answer, was expressed as a probability of purchase and related to descriptive attributes using logistic regression. Critical descriptors were peachy, grassy, and green banana (alpha = 0.10). The function generated had an index of discrimination of 0.70. Although limitations in flavor variations and possible segmentation among the consumers studied restricted the usefulness of the acceptability function, using a probability of purchase as an index of acceptability and logistic regression to relate consumer response with product attributes was demonstrated. C1 ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. US Distilled Prod Co, Princeton, MN 55371 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Expt Stat Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, POB 1909, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0887-8250 J9 J SENS STUD JI J. Sens. Stud. PD APR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 2 BP 199 EP 214 DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00296.x PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 430GN UT WOS:000168566300004 ER PT J AU Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW AF Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW TI Augmentative releases of parasitoid wasps in stored wheat reduces insect fragments in flour SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rhyzopertha; Theocolax; parasitoid; biological control; insect fragments; stored grain ID COLEOPTERA; GRAIN AB Field studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the parasitoid wasp, Theocolax elegans, for reducing insect fragments in flour by suppressing populations of Rhyzopertha dominica in six bins, each containing 27 tonnes of wheat. Beetles were released into all the six bins at monthly intervals for 3 months. Parasitoid wasps were released into three of the bins, 21 days after the first beetle release. Wheat samples from the bins were milled to determine the effects of parasitoid releases on insect fragment counts in flour. In the first year of the study, after 198 days of storage, insect fragment counts were 9.4 and 31 per 50 g flour in the treatment and control bins. However, because of high variability, the means were not significantly different. New grain was used in the second year of the study, and higher numbers of beetles were released. After 131 days of storage, fragment counts averaged 56 and 487/50 g in the treatment and control bins, a reduction in the former of 89%. In the second year of the study, insect myosin in the treatment and control bins averaged 0.27 and 3.23 ng/well, a percentage reduction in the treated bin of 92%. The number of insect damaged kernels (IDK) was significantly lower in the treatment than in the control bins in both years of the study. In the first year, IDK was 6 and 15 IDK/100 g wheat in the treatment and control bins respectively, a reduction in the former of 61%. In the second year, IDK was 12 and 148 IDK/100 g wheat, in the treatment and control bins respectively, a reduction of 92%. This study showed that augmentative releases of parasitoid wasps into bins of stored wheat reduced damage to wheat kernels and the number of insect fragments in flour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(00)00018-7 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 391JJ UT WOS:000166352600007 PM 11124380 ER PT J AU Epsky, ND Shuman, D AF Epsky, ND Shuman, D TI Laboratory evaluation of an improved electronic grain probe insect counter SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; Cryptolestes ferrugineus; Oryzaephilus surinamensis; automated monitoring; infrared sensor ID STORED WHEAT; TRAPS AB An Electronic Grain Probe Insect Counter system, which incorporates modified passive grain probes, allows offsite monitoring and detection of insect pests in stored grain. An electronic count is generated whenever an insect falls through an infrared beam in the sensor head located at the bottom of the electronic grain probe. We report descriptions and laboratory evaluations of prototype electronic grain probes that were custom-made in-house (n = 8) and by small-scale manufacturing (n = 54), Laboratory tests, in which dead insects were dropped through a probe, were conducted to determine if electronic probes accurately count the numbers of insects that are captured. Accuracy of the manufactured electronic probes increased as the size of the test insect increased from 93.6% for the smallest insect tested (Cryptolestes ferrugineus, the rusty grain beetle) to 99.5% for the largest (Tribolium castaneum, the red hour beetle). Custom-made probes were significantly more accurate for C. ferrugineus (96.5% versus 93.6%) but there was no difference in accuracies for the larger insects. Comparisons among all probes found that probe accuracy was correlated with variation in the magnitude of the output signal from the infrared phototransistor, Thus, use of diode/phototransistor pairs with a more consistent beam or with improved beam focus may further improve probe accuracy. Good performance was obtained with the manufactured electronic probes. Tests with live insects under field conditions are needed to further evaluate the system performance. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Res Serv Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Epsky, ND (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Res Serv Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(00)00019-9 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 391JJ UT WOS:000166352600008 PM 11124381 ER PT J AU Rammer, DR Winistorfer, SG Bender, DA AF Rammer, DR Winistorfer, SG Bender, DA TI Withdrawal strength of threaded nails SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Threaded nails are used in wood construction because of their superior performance, but relatively few tests have been conducted on nails larger than 12d (3.76 mm diameter). Experience has suggested that threaded nail withdrawal design values are too conservative. The Forest Products Laboratory and Washington State University have been cooperatively characterizing the strength of threaded nails over a range of wood species and nail types. This paper focuses on the immediate withdrawal strength of annularly threaded nails in Douglas Fir and Spruce-Pine-Fir, helically threaded nails in Southern Pine, and smooth nails in Southern Pine and Spruce-Pine-Fir lumber. Average withdrawal strength of threaded nails was greater than that of smooth shank nails of the same diameter. In comparison of experimental withdrawal strength to existing design procedures for assigning allowable withdrawal strength design values, annular shank nails showed thr greatest difference. Withdrawal strengths of nails from five different manufacturers were not significantly different. Comparisons of the effect of galvanizing on withdrawal strength were inconclusive. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. TECO Corp, Madison, WI 53718 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rammer, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 4 BP 442 EP 449 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:4(442) PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 415HL UT WOS:000167715300013 ER PT J AU Lima, I Singh, RP AF Lima, I Singh, RP TI Mechanical properties of a fried crust SO JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES LA English DT Article ID TEXTURE; STARCH AB A restructured potato model system was fried in canola oil for 5, 10, or 15 min at 170, 180, or 190C and tested in a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer. Selected mechanical properties were measured using puncture and three-point bending cells. Forces involved in puncture were a combination of tension, compression, and shear, while the three-point bend test studied the crust flexural properties. Crust deformability seemed to be governed by internal structural yielding. Maximum force at rupture increased significantly with both frying time and temperature. Failure criteria identified and standardized types of failure observed during bending tests. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lima, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0022-4901 J9 J TEXTURE STUD JI J. Texture Stud. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2001.tb01032.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 424KN UT WOS:000168231600003 ER PT J AU Zahn, JA Tung, AE Roberts, BA Hatfield, JL AF Zahn, JA Tung, AE Roberts, BA Hatfield, JL TI Abatement of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a swine lagoon using a polymer biocover SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS MASS-TRANSFER; EFFLUENT; MANURE; BIOFILTRATION; ATMOSPHERE; METHANE AB The purpose of this research was to determine the efficiency of a polymer biocover for the abatement of H(2)S and NH(3) emissions from an east-central Missouri swine lagoon with a total surface area of 7800 m(2). The flux rate of NH(3), H(2)S, and CH(4) was monitored continuously from two adjacent, circular (d = 66 m) control and treatment plots using a nonintrusive, micrometeorological method during three independent sampling periods that ranged between 52 and 149 hr. Abatement rates were observed to undergo a temporal acclimation event in which NH(3) abatement efficiency improved from 17 to 54% (p = <0.0001 to 0.0005) and H(2)S abatement efficiency improved from 23 to 58% (p < 0.0001) over a 3-month period. The increase in abatement efficiency for NH(3) and H(2)S over the sampling period was correlated with the development of a stable anaerobic flee layer on the bottom surface of the biocover that reduced mass transfer of NH(3) and H(2)S across the surface. Analysis of methanogenesis activity showed that the biocover enhanced the rate of anaerobic digestion by 25% when compared with the control. The biocover-enhanced anaerobic digestion process was shown to represent an effective mechanism to counteract the accumulation of methanogenic substrates in the biocovered lagoon. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA USA. Monsanto Co, EnviroChem Syst Div, St Louis, MO 63198 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zahn, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM zahn@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 51 IS 4 BP 562 EP 573 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 419HQ UT WOS:000167943600009 PM 11321913 ER PT J AU Kennedy, ET Bowman, SA Spence, JT Freedman, M King, J AF Kennedy, ET Bowman, SA Spence, JT Freedman, M King, J TI Popular diets: Correlation to health, nutrition, and obesity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LOW-FAT DIETS; WEIGHT-LOSS; AD-LIBITUM; CALORIE RESTRICTION; ENERGY RESTRICTION; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PLASMA-LIPIDS; WOMEN; INDIVIDUALS AB Objective To examine the association between a range of health and nutrition indicators and popular diets. Design The Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-1996 data were used to examine the relationship between prototype popular diets and diet quality as measured by the healthy eating index (HEI), consumption patterns, and body mass index (BMI). The prototype diets included vegetarian (no meat, poultry, or fish on day of survey) and non-vegetarian. The nonvegetarian group was further subdivided into low carbohydrate (less than 30% of energy from carbohydrate), medium (30% to 55%), and high (greater than 55% of energy). Within the high carbohydrate group, participants were classified as having Pyramid or non-Pyramid eating patterns. The Pyramid group was defined as 30% or less of energy from fat and at least one serving from the five major food groups in the USDA Food Guide Pyramid. Finally, the non-Pyramid group was further subdivided into low fat (less than 15% of energy from fat) and moderate fat (15% to 30% of energy from fat). In addition, a review of the published scientific literature was conducted; all studies identified were included in the review. Subjects 10,014 adults, aged 19 years and older, from the 1994-1996 CSFII were included in the analyses of extant data. More than 200 individual studies were included in the review of the literature, Results Analyses of the CSFII indicate that diet quality as measured by HEI was highest for the high carbohydrate Pyramid group (82.9) and lowest for the low carbohydrate group (44.6). Energy intakes were low for the vegetarians (1,606 kcals) and high carbohydrate/low fat group (1360 kcals). BMIs were lowest for women in the vegetarian group (24.6) and the high carbohydrate/low fat group (24.4); for men, the lowest BMIs were observed for vegetarians (25.2) and the high carbohydrate Pyramid group (25.2). Review of the literature suggests that weight loss is independent of diet composition. Energy restriction is the key variable associated with weight reduction in the short term. Conclusions Diets that are high in carbohydrate and low to moderate in fat tend to be lower in energy. The lowest energy intakes were observed for those on a vegetarian diet. The diet quality as measured by HEI was highest for the high carbohydrate groups and lowest for the low carbohydrate groups. The BMIs were significantly lower for men and women on the high carbohydrate diet; the highest BMIs were noted for those on a low carbohydrate diet. C1 USDA, Off Res Educ & Econ, Washington, DC USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kennedy, ET (reprint author), 167 Yarnick Rd, Great Falls, VA 22066 USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 58 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 101 IS 4 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00108-0 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MV UT WOS:000170312100015 PM 11320946 ER PT J AU Kennedy, E Bowman, S AF Kennedy, E Bowman, S TI Assessment of the effect of fat-modified foods on diet quality in adults, 19 to 50 years, using data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN AB Fat-reduction strategies and the role of fat-modified foods in the US diet were assessed using a nationally representative survey: the 1996 US Department of Agriculture Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. A sample of 878 men and 853 women was included. The sample was divided into low fat and high fat based on the Dietary Guideline's cutoff point of 30% or less of energy from total fat. The survey sample was further stratified in nonusers, low-users or high-users of fat-modified foods. Approximately 10% of 7,000 foods were classified as fat-modified. There was a 400 to 500 kcal difference in energy intake of individuals consuming low-fat compared with high-fat diets. Adults who were users of fat-modified foods consumed more nutrient-dense diets, with higher intakes of vitamin A, folate, and iron. Not all fat-reduction strategies were equally effective in reducing fat and maintaining nutrient intake. Nonusers of fat-modified foods who consumed a low-fat diet tended to do so by substituting carbohydrate, in part from carbonated beverages, for fat, Both men and women consuming a low-fat diet had lower average BMIs; this difference between individuals consuming low-fat vs high-fat diets was significant for women who were high-users of fat-modified foods. The data suggest that a low-fat diet with high use of fat-modified foods may be one strategy for achieving adequate nutrient intake while maintaining weight in the desirable BMI range of 19 to 25. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kennedy, E (reprint author), 167 Yarnick Rd, Great Falls, VA 22066 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 101 IS 4 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00116-X PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MV UT WOS:000170312100022 PM 11320953 ER PT J AU Wilson, RF Marquardt, TC Novitzky, WP Burton, JW Wilcox, JR Dewey, RE AF Wilson, RF Marquardt, TC Novitzky, WP Burton, JW Wilcox, JR Dewey, RE TI Effect of alleles governing 16 : 0 concentration on glycerolipid composition in developing soybeans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE developing-seed; fap-alleles; genetics; glycerolipid composition; Glycine max; logistic function; metabolism; oil; palmitic acid; saturated fat ID REDUCED PALMITIC ACID; FATTY-ACID; GERMPLASM LINES; SEED OIL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; ACCUMULATION; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; EMBRYOS AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil typically contains 11% palmitic acid, but germplasm with recessive alleles at Fap gene loci exhibit from less than 4% to about 35% 16:0. Although these alleles are used to develop new cultivars, little is known about how they influence palmitic acid concentration. One theory suggests that fap alleles may mediate differences in triacylglycerol composition through genetic effects on the activity or substrate specificity of acyltransferases, such as diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20). Based on logistic function analysis of developing seed, differences in fap allele expression are evident in the rate of palmitic acid accumulation in triacylglycerol, with peak deposition near mid-seed fill. Acetate saturation kinetics also reveal a strong positive relation between the relative amount of de novo palmitic acid synthesis and the indigenous palmitic acid concentration in triacylglycerol among fap genotypes. However, no differences appear in the kinetics of palmitoyl-CoA metabolism in developing seed of these genotypes. Therefore, the lap alleles apparently do not en code or regulate the activities of glycerolipid acyltransferase enzymes. Rather, major genetic effects on triacylglycerol composition accrue through regulation of palmitic acid production in the plastids of developing soybean cotyledons. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wilson, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, 4114 Williams Hall,100 Derieux St, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 4 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0264-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 426CJ UT WOS:000168332100001 ER PT J AU Wilson, RF Marquardt, TC Novitzky, WP Burton, JW Wilcox, JR Kinney, AJ Dewey, RE AF Wilson, RF Marquardt, TC Novitzky, WP Burton, JW Wilcox, JR Kinney, AJ Dewey, RE TI Metabolic mechanisms associated with alleles governing the 16 : 0 concentration of soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE developing-seed; fap-alleles; genetics; glycerolipid composition; Glycine max; metabolism; oil; palmitic acid; phospholipid; saturated fat ID PROTEIN ACP THIOESTERASE; FATTY-ACID CONTENT; PALMITIC ACID; GERMPLASM LINES; SEED OIL; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; MUTANTS; GENE AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil typically contains ca. 11% palmitic acid, but germplasm has been developed with less than 4% to about 35% 16:0. A number of recessive alleles associated with these phenotypes have been described that represent different mutations at Fap loci, however, the gene products (enzymes) produced by these alleles are unknown. This work attempts to define the metabolic activities that are regulated by the fap(1) fap(2), and fap(nc) alleles in soybean. Observation of de novo synthesis and metabolic turnover of fatty acids esterified to phospholipids in cotyledons during the period of peak oil accumulation revealed genotypic differences in the supply of 16:0-CoA from plastids. These metabolic studies narrowed the identification of fap(1) fap(2), and fap(nc) alleles to the genes that encode or regulate the 3-keto-acyl-ACP synthetase II (where ACP is acyl carrier protein), 16:0-ACP thioesterase, 18:0-ACP desaturase, or 18:1-ACP thioesterase enzymes. Kinetic analyses suggested that the fap(2) mutation results in a decreased 3-keto-acyl-ACP synthetase II activity. Deficiencies in 16:0-ACP thioesterase activity represented the most likely explanation of fap(1) and fap(nc) gene function. This hypothesis was strongly supported by Northern blot assays that revealed a significant reduction in the accumulation of transcripts corresponding to the 16:0-ACP thioesterase in germplasm homozygous for the fap(nc) allele. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Dupont Co, Dept Agr Prod, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Wilson, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, 4114 Williams Hall,100 Derieux St, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 4 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0265-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 426CJ UT WOS:000168332100002 ER PT J AU Erhan, SZ Nelsen, TC AF Erhan, SZ Nelsen, TC TI Comparisons of volatile organic chemical content of news, sheetfed, and heatset ink formulations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE heatset ink; news ink; petroleum resin; sheetfed ink; vegetable oil; volatile content AB Volatile organic compound (VOC) contents of news, sheetfed, and heatset inks were evaluated by using different methods, and comparison of data with significant differences is reported. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 24, EPA Method 24A, and Bay Area Method 30 were the methods used. Ingredients of news inks were tested with Method 24, and experimental and calculated percentage VOC values of formulated inks were compared. Along with United States Department of Agriculture's 100% vegetable oil-based inks, commercial vegetable oil-based, and petroleum-based inks were used for comparison, Significant differences between methods, colors, and sources are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 4 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0278-z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 426CJ UT WOS:000168332100015 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA Byrum, BA Barber, LK Sweeney, RW Whitlock, RH Shulaw, WP Jacobson, RH Stabel, JR AF Dargatz, DA Byrum, BA Barber, LK Sweeney, RW Whitlock, RH Shulaw, WP Jacobson, RH Stabel, JR TI Evaluation of a commercial ELISA for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; JOHNES DISEASE AB Objective-To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of a new ELISA for antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. Design-Cross-sectional observational survey. Sample Population-Serum samples from 590 cattle that were infected with M avium subsp paratuberculosis and 723 cattle that were not infected. Procedure-Serum samples were tested by use of an ELISA for antibodies against M avium subsp paratuberculosis. Results-Sensitivity of the test varied from 15.4 to 88.1%, depending on the clinical stage and bacterial shedding status of the cattle. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results obtained with use of the new ELISA agreed favorably with those of a previous ELISA. Practitioners must be aware of variability in the sensitivity of the test, which depends on the clinical and shedding status of the cattle, because this may affect interpretation of test results. C1 Ohio Dept Agr, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 555 S Howes St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 16 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 218 IS 7 BP 1163 EP 1166 DI 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1163 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 415KK UT WOS:000167720400031 PM 11318370 ER PT J AU Johnson, MP Freytag, PH AF Johnson, MP Freytag, PH TI Leafhoppers (Homoptera : Cicadellidae) on pin oak in Kentucky SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We determined which genera of leafhoppers were present on pin oaks, Quercus palustris L., and followed adult seasonal occurrence and activity patterns in relation to height in tree canopy. Ten to 14 pin oaks in Lexington, Kentucky were monitored weekly for adult leafhoppers at two or three height levels during the 1992, 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Forty-one genera or subgenera were identified during this study including Agallia Curtis, Agalliopsis Kirkaidy, Alebra Fieber, Amblysellus Sleesman, Cicadula Zetterstedt, Colladonus Ball, Dikraneura Hardy, Draeculacephala Ball, Empoasca Walsh, Endria Oman, Etythroneura Fitch, Forcipata DeLong & Caldwell, Graminella DeLong, Graphocephala Van Duzee, Gyponana Ball, Hymetta McAtee, Japananus Ball, Jikradia Nielson, Macropsis Lewis, Macrosteles Fieber, Norvellina Ball, Oncometopia Stal, Orientus DeLong, Osbornellus Ball, Ossiannilssonola Christian, Paraphlepsius Baker, Paraulacizes Young, Pediopsoides (Nanopsis) Freytag, Penestragania Beamer & Lawson, Planicephalus Linnavouri, Ponana Ball, Ribautiana Zachratkin, Rugosana DeLong, Scaphoideus Uliler, Scaphytopius (Cloanthanus) Ball, Stirellus Osborn & Ball, Tropicanus DeLong, Tylozygus Fieber, Typhlocyba (Empoa) Fitch, Typhlocyba (Typhlocyba) Germar and Xestocephalus Van Duzee. The Typhlocybine genera were the most abundant. In four Typhlocybine and one Cicadelliine genera the numbers of individuals captured were large enough to allow examination of seasonal occurrence and canopy height preferences. Canopy preferences were quite variable except in young pin oaks where adult leafhoppers showed a greater preference for the top portion of canopies. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Johnson, MP (reprint author), USDA, CSREES, PAS, Waterfront Bldg,1400 Independence Ave SW,Stop 222, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 74 IS 2 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 508MW UT WOS:000173093800004 ER PT J AU Ristau, TE Horsley, SB McCormick, LH AF Ristau, TE Horsley, SB McCormick, LH TI Sampling to assess species diversity of herbaceous layer vegetation in Allegheny hardwood forests SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE vegetation sampling; species diversity; diversity indices; herbaceous plants ID NORTHERN HARDWOODS; PLANT DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; FLORA AB RISTAU, T. E. AND S. B. HORSLEY (USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, PO Pox 767, Irvine, PA 16329) and L. H. Me CORMICK (School OF Forest Resources, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802). Sampling to assess species diversity of herbaceous layer vegetation in Allegheny hardwood forests. J. Torrey Pot. Sec. 128:000-000. 2001. - The optimum frequency and time of sampling required to generate comprehensive diversity indices of herbaceous species in Allegheny hardwood forests was studied. Four 8-ha sites on the Allegheny National Forest were sampled monthly from May to August in 1992 and 1993 for herbaceous layer species composition and percent cover. Each site included GO circular 4-m(2) plots, Fifteen tally combinations created by combining sample times (1, 2, 3 and 4 at a time) were used to generate: diversity indices. Herbaceous species in Allegheny hardwood forests were categorized as common or infrequent. Common plants were present throughout the growing season and their abundance remained stable. Infrequent plants differed in abundance and presence throughout the study. Coverage of several plants increased from May to July as they became fully developed. Species richness increased with number of sample times. The Shannon Diversity index and the Shannon Evenness index did not show differences attributable to time of sampling. Sampling for herbaceous species diversity in Allegheny hardwood forests should include two inventories, one early and one late in the growing season. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ristau, TE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 128 IS 2 BP 150 EP 164 DI 10.2307/3088737 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 448AP UT WOS:000169604900006 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM AF Klevay, LM TI Iron overload can induce mild copper deficiency SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiomyopathy; cholesterol; copper; hemochromatosis; iron; iron overload ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; STORED IRON; RATS; ZINC; CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA; DIET; RISK; HEMOCHROMATOSIS AB Dietary copper in the U,S, often is lower than that proved insufficient for men and women under controlled conditions. Iron overload can have adverse effects on copper nutriture and can produce cardiac disease in people. The hypothesis that iron can interfere with copper utilization to produce adverse effects related to cardiovascular function was tested. Rats were fed a diet high in iron and marginal, but not deficient in copper for comparison with similar diets containing iron at the recommended amount. Copper and iron were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy; cholesterol was measured by fluorescence, ceruloplasmin was measured by oxidase activity and hematology was done by an automated cell counter. When dietary copper was 2.0 mg/kg of diet, high iron decreased (p <0.008) cardiac and hepatic copper, plasma copper and ceruloplasmin, and increased (p <0.02) cardiac weight, hepatic iron and plasma cholesterol. When dietary copper was increased to 2.5 mg/kg, copper in heart and plasma decreased (p <0.04) and hepatic iron increased (p=0.001) with high iron but other effects disappeared. No harmful changes in hematology, such as hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, etc. were found. High iron increased the dietary copper requirement of the animals. People with iron overload may benefit from copper supplementation, particularly if they habitually consume a diet low in copper. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0946-672X J9 J TRACE ELEM MED BIO JI J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 14 IS 4 BP 237 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S0946-672X(01)80009-2 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 437CJ UT WOS:000168972400009 PM 11396784 ER PT J AU Crawford, JS Wahren, CHA Kyle, S Moir, WH AF Crawford, JS Wahren, CHA Kyle, S Moir, WH TI Responses of exotic plant species to fires in Pinus ponderosa forests in northern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fire severity; succession; wildfire ID SUCCESSION; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; OREGON AB Changes in disturbance due to fire regime in southwestern Pinus ponderosa forests over the last century have led to dense forests that are threatened by widespread fire. It has been shown in other studies that a pulse of native, early-seral opportunistic species typically follow such disturbance events. With the growing importance of exotic plants in local flora, however, these exotics often fill this opportunistic role in recovery. We report the effects of fire severity on exotic plant species following three widespread fires of 1996 in northern Arizona P. ponderosa forests. Species richness and abundance of all vascular plant species, including exotics, were higher in burned than nearby unburned areas. Exotic species were far more important, in terms of cover, where fire severity was highest. Species present after wildfires include those of the predisturbed forest and new species that could not be predicted from above-ground flora of nearby unburned forests. C1 Univ Alaska, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. La Trobe Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Crawford, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, POB 756780, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 53 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 16 U2 34 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI UPPSALA PA BOX 25137, S 752 25 UPPSALA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 12 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.2307/3236610 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 446EZ UT WOS:000169501100010 ER PT J AU Zsak, L Lu, Z Burrage, TG Neilan, JG Kutish, GF Moore, DM Rock, DL AF Zsak, L Lu, Z Burrage, TG Neilan, JG Kutish, GF Moore, DM Rock, DL TI African swine fever virus multigene family 360 and 530 genes are novel macrophage host range determinants SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH IN-VITRO; VARIABLE REGIONS; DOMESTIC SWINE; DNA; VIRULENCE; GENOME; SEQUENCE; SIMILARITY; INFECTION; BCL-2 AB Pathogenic African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates primarily target cells of the mononuclear-phagocytic system in infected swine and replicate efficiently in primary macrophage cell cultures in vitro. ASFVs can, however, be adapted to grow in monkey cell lines. Characterization of two cell culture-adapted viruses, MS16 and BA71V, revealed that neither virus replicated in macrophage cell cultures. Cell viability experiments and ultrastructural analysis showed that infection with these viruses resulted in early macrophage cell death, which occurred prior to viral progeny production. Genomic cosmid clones from pathogenic ASFV isolate E70 were used in marker rescue experiments to identify sequences capable of restoring MS16 and BA71V growth in macrophage cell cultures. A cosmid clone representing a 38-kbp region at the left terminus of the genome completely restored the growth of both viruses. In subsequent fine-mapping experiments, an 11-kbp subclone from this region was sufficient for complete rescue of BA71V growth. Sequence analysis indicated that both MS16 and BA71V had significant deletions in the region containing members of multigene family 360 (MGF 360) and MGF530, Deletion of this same region from highly pathogenic ASFV isolate Pr4 significantly reduced viral growth in macrophage cell cultures. These findings indicate that ASFV MGF360 and MGF530 genes perform an essential macrophage host range function(s) that involves promotion of infected-cell survival. C1 ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Zsak, L (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM lzsak@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 7 BP 3066 EP 3076 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.7.3066-3076.2001 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 410YX UT WOS:000167469600002 PM 11238833 ER PT J AU Partridge, ST Nolte, DL Ziegltrum, GJ Robbins, CT AF Partridge, ST Nolte, DL Ziegltrum, GJ Robbins, CT TI Impacts of supplemental feeding on the nutritional ecology of black bears SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; body composition; conifer damage; diet; nutrition; stable isotopes; supplemental feeding; Ursus americanus ID STABLE ISOTOPES; NITROGEN; BROWN; DIETS AB Black bear (Ursus americanus) damage to managed conifer stands during the spring in the U.S. Pacific Northwest is a continuing management concern. Because bear damage to managed conifers may reflect the limited availability of nutritious foods, supplemental feeding has been used to decrease damage. Highly palatable, pelleted feed is provided ad libitum from April until late June when berries ripen and such damage stops. We examined black hear use of supplemental feed during the spring and summer of 1998 and 1999 in western Washington. Bears were captured in areas where supplemental feed was provided and in control areas where no effort to reduce conifer damage occurred. Mass gains for bears captured twice were 153 +/- 119 g/day ((x) over bar +/- SD) in the fed areas and 12 +/- 104 g/day in non-fed areas. Fat gain For bears in the fed areas cpas 42 +/- 50 g/day and 4 +/- 59 g/day in the non-fed areas. However, because age-specific body masses and fat content did not differ between the 2 areas, short-term pellet feeding probably has no long-lasting effect on bear condition or productivity. The diet of bears in the fed areas was 55 +/- 22% pelleted feed, 7 +/- 7% animal matter, and 38 +/- 18% vegetation. The diet of bears in the non-fed areas was 13 +/- 17% animal matter and 87 +/- 17% vegetation. Grass and sedge composed the majority of vegetation consumed in both areas. Tbe energy content of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) sapwood was more digestible (60-67%) than grasses and forbs (18-47%). Smaller bears (adult females and subadult males and females) may do must of the damage because sapwood harvesting rates minimize nutritional gain to larger adult males. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, APHIS, Olympia Field Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Washington Forest Protect Assoc, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Partridge, ST (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.2307/3802897 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 421LV UT WOS:000168066600002 ER PT J AU King, DI Degraaf, RM Griffin, CR AF King, DI Degraaf, RM Griffin, CR TI Productivity of early successional shrubland birds in clearcuts and groupcuts in an eastern deciduous forest SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; chestnut-sided warbler clearcutting; Dendroica pensylvanica; even-aged management; group selection; reproductive success; selective cutting; silviculture; uneven-aged management ID CENTRAL HARDWOOD FORESTS; NESTING SUCCESS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; LANDSCAPE; PREDATION; EDGE; CUT; DISTURBANCE AB Uneven-aged forest management has been advocated as a silvicultural practice because of concerns about the negative effects of even-aged management on birds that dwell in mature forests. Recent evidence, however. indicates that in the northeastern United States, bird species that inhabit early successional habitats may be experiencing more widespread declines than their mature-forest counterparts. We compared the effect of group selection, a widely used form of uneven-aged forest management, and clearcutting on nest survival rates of early successional shrubland birds in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. There was no difference in daily nest survival rate between clearcuts (0.990) and groupcuts (0.987) for 16 bird species combined (n = 290). and no difference in daily nest survival rate between clearcuts (0.993) and groupcuts (0.987) for chestnut-sided warblers (Dendroica pensylvanica), the only species for which enough nests were found for separate analysis (n = 217). There was no difference in daily nest survival rates of all species combined between edge (0.983) and interior areas (0.992) of clearcuts (n = 204), and no difference in daily nest survival rates of chestnut-sided warblers between edge (0.984) and interior (0.993) areas of groupcuts (n = 156). Thus, our results suggest that clearcuts and groupcuts provide similar habitat for species of early successional shrubland birds that inhabit both clearcuts and groupcuts. Recent studies, however, indicate that some bird species that use larger openings such as clearcuts do nor occupy smaller openings created by group selection, which may limit the utility of group selection in managing habitat for early successional shrubland birds. C1 Univ Massachusetts, NE Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, NE Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM seiurus@yahoo.com NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.2307/3802914 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 421LV UT WOS:000168066600019 ER PT J AU Bathalon, GP Hays, NP Meydani, SN Dawson-Hughes, B Schaefer, EJ Lipman, R Nelson, M Greenberg, AS Roberts, SB AF Bathalon, GP Hays, NP Meydani, SN Dawson-Hughes, B Schaefer, EJ Lipman, R Nelson, M Greenberg, AS Roberts, SB TI Metabolic, psychological, and health correlates of dietary restraint in healthy postmenopausal women SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EVERYDAY EATING BEHAVIOR; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; YOUNG-WOMEN; BODY-FAT; DISINHIBITION; EQUATIONS; ADULTS; WEIGHT; SCALE; MEN AB Background. Dietary restraint, a term used to describe the intentional control of food intake to prevent weight gain or promote weight loss, is commonly practiced by older adults. but little is known about its effects on physiology and metabolism. Methods. We therefore compared a wide range of parameters between groups of healthy non-obese postmenopausol women classified psychometrically as unrestrained eaters (body mass index [BMI] 23.8 +/- 0.6 [SEM] kg/m(2), n = 28) or restrained eaters (BMI 24.5 +/- 0.5. n = 39). Measurements were mode of reported micronutrient intakes, cardiopulmonary function, hematology, body temperature, skin thickness, bone mass, and immune function: in addition, self-perceived health, mood, and some dimensions of eating behavior were assessed by questionnaire. Results. Macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were not significantly different between restrained and unrestrained eaters reporting energy intake to within 30% of predicted total energy expenditure. Restrained eaters had significantly lower hemoglobin (12.9 +/- 0.1 [SEM] vs 13.2 +/- 0.1 g/dl: p < .05), but values were within the normal range in both groups. In addition, restrained eaters scored significantly higher on the Eating Attitudes Test (p < .01) and drive-for-thinness (p < .001) and maturity fears (p < .05) subscores of the Eating Disorders Inventory. but values were again within the normal range. No other parameter differed significantly between groups. Conclusions. In this normal-weight population, restrained eating was not associated with detrimental effects in a wide range of physiological, metabolic, and health characteristics. Further work is needed to determine the relevance of these results to the general population. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12829]; PHS HHS [B2A600209] NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 56 IS 4 BP M206 EP M211 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 421AZ UT WOS:000168041100008 PM 11283192 ER PT J AU Hua, SST AF Hua, SST TI Inhibitory effect of acetosyringone on two aflatoxin biosynthetic genes SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; SIGNAL MOLECULES AB Aims: The objective of this study was to determine if acetosyringone affected the expression of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes. Methods and Results: Two genes, nor1 and ver1, representing genes whose products are involved in early and late steps in aflatoxin biosynthesis, were examined. Two GUS (beta -glucuronidase) reporter constructs, nor1::GUS (pGAP12) and ver1::GUS (pGAP13), were used to study the effect of acetosyringone on expression of aflatoxin biosynthetic (AF) genes, nor1 and ver1. The product of nor1 is involved in the formation of norsolorinic acid, the first stable intermediate in the aflatoxin pathway. The veri gene codes for the enzyme catalyzing the formation of demethylsterigmatocystin, an intermediate late in the AF pathway. GUS activities of these two reporter constructs were inhibited by 80% in the presence of 2 m mol l(-1) acetosyringone. Conclusions: Aflatoxin production in a toxigenic strain 42-12 was also shown to be inhibited by acetosyringone to the same level. The levels of inhibition in aflatoxin production and gene transcription are congruous in these three strains. Significance and Impact of the Study: Recent studies have indicated that some phenolics act as signal molecules in plant microbial interactions. Concentration of acetosyringone is shown to increase about ten fold when certain metabolically active plant tissues are wounded. The knowledge gained can be applied to develop strategies in plant breeding programs. The compound may be useful for studying molecular mechanism of modulating aflatoxin biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hua, SST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 278 EP 281 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2001.00903.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 419NL UT WOS:000167955100014 PM 11298941 ER PT J AU Andreoli, A Monteleone, M Van Loan, M Promenzio, L Tarantino, U De Lorenzo, A AF Andreoli, A Monteleone, M Van Loan, M Promenzio, L Tarantino, U De Lorenzo, A TI Effects of different sports on bone density and muscle mass in highly trained athletes SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE judo; karate; water polo; bone mineral denisty; body composiiton; DXA ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; WEIGHT-BEARING ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; MINERAL DENSITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; EXERCISE; STRENGTH; SKELETON; SWIMMERS; MARKERS AB Purpose: It is known that participating in sports can have a beneficial effect on bone mass. However, it is not well established which sport is more beneficial for increased bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular muscle mass (AMM). This study investigated the effects of different high-intensity activities on BMD and AMM in highly trained athletes. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two male subjects aged 18-25 yr participated in the study. The sample included judo (J; N = 21), karate (K; N = 14), and water polo (W; N = 24) athletes who all competed at national and international level. Twelve age-matched nonathletic individuals served as the control group (C). All athletes exercised regularly for at least 3 h.d(-1), 6 d.wk(-1). Segmental, total BMD, and AMM were measured with a dual-energy x-ray (DXA) absorptiometry (Lunar Corp., Madison, Wi). DXA analysis also includes bone mineral content (BMC) and far and lean masses. Results: Total BMDC, was significantly lower (mean +/- SD: 1.27 +/- 0.06 g.cm(-2), P < 0.05) than either judo or karate athletes (total BMDJ (1.4 0.06 g.cm(-2)) and total BMDK (1.36 +/- 0.08 g.cm(-2))) but not different from the W athletes (total BMDW (1.31 +/- 0.09 g.cm(-2))). AMM was significantly lower in the C group compared with the three athletic groups (P < 0.05). Fat mass was higher in the W versus J and K athletes but not different from the C group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This cross-sectional study has shown that athletes, especially those engaged in high-impact sports, have significantly higher total BMD and AMM than controls. These results suggest that the type of sport activity may be an important factor in achieving a high peak bone mass and reducing osteoporosis risk. C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Human Nutr Unit, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Orthoped Clin, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Andreoli, A (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Human Nutr Unit, Via Tor Vergata 135, I-00133 Rome, Italy. NR 33 TC 119 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 507 EP 511 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 419UN UT WOS:000167967200001 PM 11283423 ER PT J AU Fields, MW Russell, JB AF Fields, MW Russell, JB TI The glucomannokinase of Prevotella bryantii B(1)4 and its potential role in regulating beta-glucanase expression SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE rumen bacteria; sugar transport; regulation; catabolite repression ID CARBON CATABOLITE REPRESSION; GLUCOSE KINASE; STREPTOMYCES-COELICOLOR; BACTERIA; GENE; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE; PHOSPHORYLATION; IDENTIFICATION; GLUCOKINASE; BACTEROIDES AB Prevotella bryantii B(1)4 has a transport system for glucose and mannose, but beta -glucanase expression is only catabolite-repressed by glucose. P. bryantii B(1)4 cell extracts had ATP-dependent gluco- and mannokinase activities, and significant phosphoenolpyruvate- or GTP-dependent hexose phosphorylation was not observed. Mannose inhibited glucose phosphorylation (and vice versa), and activity gels indicated that a single protein was responsible for both activities. Glucose was phosphorylated at a faster rate than was mannose [V-max 280 nmol hexose (mg protein)(-1) min(-1) versus 60 nmol hexose (mg protein)(-1) min(-1), respectively] and glucose was a better substrate for the kinase (K-m 0.12 mM versus 1.2 mM, respectively). The purified glucomannokinase (1250-fold) had a molecular mass of 68 kDa, but SDS-PAGE gels indicated that it was a dimer (monomer 34.5 kDa). The N-terminus (25 residues) had an 8 amino acid segment that was homologous to other bacterial glucokinases. The glucomannokinase was competitively inhibited by the nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), and cells grown with glucose and 2DG had lower rates of glucose consumption than did cells given only glucose. When the ratio of 2DG to glucose was increased, the glucose consumption rate decreased and the beta -glucanase activity increased. The glucose consumption rate and the glucomannokinase activity of cells treated with 2DG were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.98). This result suggested that glucomannokinase activity was either directly or indirectly regulating beta -glucanase expression. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD APR PY 2001 VL 147 BP 1035 EP 1043 PN 4 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 422EF UT WOS:000168105000027 PM 11283299 ER PT J AU Schwarz, PB Schwarz, JG Zhou, A Prom, LK Steffenson, BJ AF Schwarz, PB Schwarz, JG Zhou, A Prom, LK Steffenson, BJ TI Effect of Fusarium graminearum and F-poae infection on barley and malt quality SO MONATSSCHRIFT FUR BRAUWISSENSCHAFT LA English DT Article DE barley; fungal deseases; microflora; malt quality ID MYCOTOXINS; DEOXYNIVALENOL; IMPACT; WHEAT; YEAST AB Objectives of this research were to investigate barley and malt quality as impacted by Fusarium graminearum and F. poae infection. F. graminearum is the primary pathogen responsible for the recent Fusarium Head Blight epidemics in the upper Midwestern USA, while F. poae is involved to a lesser extent. Inoculation and seed production in the greenhouse were utilized as a means of reducing the interfering effects of other microflora, Harvested seed from control and infected plants was micro-malted, and the malt quality of control and inoculated samples analyzed. Large amounts of deoxynivalenol,15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were present on samples inoculated with F.graminearum, while only small amounts of nivalenol were detected on the F. poae infected samples. The most noticeable effects of infection on barley quality were reduction in kernel plumpness and germination. In general the effects of F. graminearum on both barley and malt quality were more pronounced than those of F. poae. Reduction in kernel plumpness somewhat confounds the interpretation of malt quality results. However, infection with Fusarium did appear to have very pronounced effects on increasing wort soluble nitrogen, free amino nitrogen and wort color. These observations suggested increased proteolysis in the infected material. This is particularly true if one considers that up to 40% of kernels in the infected samples did not germinate, and would thus be expected to display reduced protease activity. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schwarz, PB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 46 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 10 PU VERLAG HANS CARL PI NURNBERG PA ANDERNACHER STR 33 A, D-90411 NURNBERG, GERMANY SN 0723-1520 J9 MONATSSCHR BRAUWISS JI Mon.schr. Brauwiss. PD APR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 425CQ UT WOS:000168271100003 ER PT J AU Gulden, G Dunham, S Stockman, J AF Gulden, G Dunham, S Stockman, J TI DNA studies in the Galerina marginata complex SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; FUNGI; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; PHAEOGALERA AB The distinctiveness of the European Galerina marginata and the American G autumnalis tested with analyses of DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of the nuclear ribosomal repeat and RFLP analysis of the entire ITS region. European and North American material from six taxa described in Galerina subgenus Naucoriopsis are included along with out-group material of six taxa representing two other subgenera of Galerina. The results do not indicate any genetic difference between species by Smith & Singer (1964) referred to the two 'stirpes' Marginata and Autumnalis of Naucoriopsis, i.e. G. autumnalis, G. marginata, G. oregonensis, G. pseudomycenopsis, G. unicolor, and G. venenata and all except G. pseudomycenopsis are considered later synonyms of G. marginata. Galerina badipes syn. G. cedretorum var. bispora of 'stirps' Cedretorum is well supported as a distinct species. Subgenus Naucoriopsis appears as a distinct infrageneric unit well separated from the infrageneric units represented by the out-group species. C1 Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, N-0562 Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Bot Garden, N-0562 Oslo, Norway. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gulden, G (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, Sarsgt 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 105 BP 432 EP 440 DI 10.1017/S0953756201003707 PN 4 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 432DT UT WOS:000168677500007 ER PT J AU Millner, PD Mulbry, WW Reynolds, SL AF Millner, PD Mulbry, WW Reynolds, SL TI Taxon-specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of Glomus etunicatum SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; internal transcribed spacer; ribosomal DNA; polymerase chain reaction primers; phylogenetic tree ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; MOSSEAE; DIVERSITY; ROOTS; COMMUNITY AB The 5.8S subunit and flanking internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions in nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from spores of Glomus etunicatum MD107, MD127, TN101, and FL329 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using ITS1Kpn and ITS4Pst as primers. The amplification products (597, 599, 598, and 613 bp, respectively) were cloned and sequenced. The similarity among ITS region sequences from MD107, MD127, and TN101 was 99%, whereas the sequence similarity between the ITS regions of these three DNAs and that from FL329 was 91%. The 5.8S rDNA sequences of all four G. etunicatum isolates were identical. In contrast, major dissimilarities in the corresponding rDNA, sequence regions of other glomalean taxa were observed. Oligonucleotide sequences unique to G. etunicatum were tested for their specificity in PCR amplification of genomic DNA from spores of 55 isolates comprising 29 glomalean fungi: 18 isolates of G. etunicatum, five G. intraradices, three G. claroideum, 16 other Glomus isolates, and 11 other glomalean taxa from each of four other genera. The G. etunicatum isolates were from a broad range of geographic regions and soils. The oligonucleotide pair GETU1:GETU2 primed specific amplification of an oligonucleotide sequence (approximately 400 bp) present in all G. etunicatum. This primer pair did not prime PCR when template consisted of DNA from any of the other glomalean fungi or any of the non-mycorrhizal controls, including roots of corn (Zea mays). In addition, the pair successfully detected G. etunicatum in nested PCR using a primary PCR product amplified from highly diluted extracts of colonized corn roots using modified ITS1:ITS4 primers. In the phylogenetic analysis of Glomus 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA region sequences, which included 500 bootstrap data sets, confidence in the G. etlunicatum branch was very strong (90%) and clearly independent of G. claroideum and G. intraradices, to which it is very closely related. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Millner, PD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD APR PY 2001 VL 10 IS 6 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s005720000085 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 422GV UT WOS:000168110900001 ER PT J AU Taylor, JE Crous, PW Palm, ME AF Taylor, JE Crous, PW Palm, ME TI Foliar and stem fungal pathogens of Proteaceae in Hawaii SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE fungal pathogen; phytosanitary; systematics ID CALONECTRIA-COLHOUNII; LEAF SPOTS AB Several diseases are newly reported on Proteaceae from Hawaii, where these plants are cultivated as exotics. New records of leaf spot pathogens include Coleroa senniana, Botryosphaeria proteae, Fusicoccum sp., Leptosphaeria protearum, Phyllosticta telopea and Pestalotiopsis spp. New species such as Chaetochalara proteae, Physalospora hawaiiensis, Heteroconium neriifoliae, Mycosphaerella holualoana, M. konae, M. waimeana and Stictis leucospermi are also described from leaf spots. Several common stem pathogens are recorded, namely Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Drechslera dermatoidea, Elsinoe banksiae and E. leucospermi. In addition to providing descriptions and cultural data for these pathogens, this paper also provides baseline data of Proteaceae pathogens occurring in Hawaii. C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa. USDA, APHIS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Taylor, JE (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RI Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 78 BP 449 EP 490 PG 42 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 441NX UT WOS:000169237400032 ER PT J AU Gaines, WL AF Gaines, WL TI Large carnivore surveys in the North Karakorum Mountains, Pakistan SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE carnivores; North Karakorum Mountains; Pakistan; sign surveys ID LEOPARD PANTHERA-UNCIA; FOXES; CHINA; DIET AB Few surveys of wildlife have been conducted in the remote and rugged North Karakorum Mountains of Pakistan. The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of large carnivores and to obtain information on their winter diets. Surveys were conducted in four major river drainages using sign (presence of scrapes, seats, tracks) transects. Seats were collected for general analysis of food items. Presence of snow leopard (Uncia uncia Schreber) was confirmed in the Pamir, Braldu, and Batura drainages. Presence of wolf (Canis lupis chanco Gray) was confirmed in the Pamir and Braldu drainages. Fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) occurred in the Batura, ShimshaI, Pamir, and Braldu drainages. Seats of snow leopard and wolf mainly contained ungulates, small mammals, and snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayensis G.R. Gray). Fox seats contained mostly hawthorn (Crataegus L. spp.) fruits and small mammals. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Gaines, WL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 168 EP 171 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 422VN UT WOS:000168140100006 ER PT J AU Tyree, MT AF Tyree, MT TI Capillarity and sap ascent in a resurrection plant: does theory fit the facts? SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Letter DE resurrection plant; Myrothamnus flabellifolia; hydraulic conductivity; embolism; xylem ID WATER TRANSPORT; XYLEM; DESICCATION; PRESSURE; TENSION; VESSELS; NEED C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 705 Spear St,POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 150 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00092.x PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 416HK UT WOS:000167774100003 ER PT J AU Davis, MA Pritchard, SG Boyd, RS Prior, SA AF Davis, MA Pritchard, SG Boyd, RS Prior, SA TI Developmental and induced responses of nickel-based and organic defences of the nickel-hyperaccumulating shrub, Psychotria douarrei SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Ni hyperaccumulation; serpentine; herbivory; elemental defence; Psychotria ID STREPTANTHUS POLYGALOIDES BRASSICACEAE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANTS; CHEMISTRY; TANNINS; NI; HERBIVORES; MONTANUM; DEFENSES; GROWTH AB Developmental and inducible changes in metal-based (nickel (Ni)) and organic defences (phenolics) are compared in the Ni-hyperaccumulating shrub, Psychotria douarrei. Young and old leaves of P. douarrei shrubs, subjected to different degrees of simulated herbivory, were analyzed for metals, tannins, macronutrients and total carbon, and compared with a co-occuring nonhyperaccumulator shrub, Ficus webbiana. Leaf age affected both nickel Ni-based and organic defences in P. douarrei; foliar metal concentrations were higher in mature leaves, whereas organic defences were higher in young leaves. Neither metal-based nor organic defences were increased by simulated herbivore damage, implying noninducibility, although some organic defence compounds were significantly reduced. P. douarrei had a greater percentage of total phenolics, condensed tannins and protein precipitation ability than F. webbianai. Since total carbon content did not differ between species, Psychotria invests more of its leaf carbon budget in organic defences than does Ficus. Data suggest that P. douarrei foliage is well protected by Ni, but tannins have multiple functions. The high concentrations of tannins in Psychotria leaves might function as a detoxification mechanism for elevated cytoplasmic metal concentrations, in addition to providing defensive benefits. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Davis, MA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 150 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00067.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 416HK UT WOS:000167774100006 ER EF