FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Pavis, N Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA Baumgartner, S Praznik, W Boucaud, J Prud'homme, MP AF Pavis, N Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA Baumgartner, S Praznik, W Boucaud, J Prud'homme, MP TI Structure of fructans in roots and leaf tissues of Lolium perenne SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE defoliation; fructans; Lolium; structures; synthesis ID RIGIDUM GAUDIN; BETA-2,6-GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES; CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; BARLEY LEAVES; KEY ENZYME; PURIFICATION; OLIGOMERS; SUCROSE AB An analysis of fructan structures, to increase the understanding of biosynthetic pathways and enzymology of fructan synthesis in root and leaf tissues of Lolium perenne is reported. Fructan extracted from stubble of L. perenne plants was analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) using a new desalting technique. Structures of fructan isomers, separated up to DP16 (DP, degree of polymerization), were established by chromatographic elution times or by CIC-MS. Fructans of DP8 belonged essentially to three series: inulin series, inulin neoseries and the levan neoseries, which is/are different in glucose (terminal or internal) and linked fructose residues. High DP fructans (DP > 8) comprised 75% molecules with an internal glucose residue. They had some branch points although 1 and 6 kestotetraose could not be detected and the beta (2-6) linked fructose residues were 70 times more abundant than the beta (2-1) linked fructose residues. Roots, sheaths, leaf blades and elongating leaves accumulated similar fructans although amounts of both low and high, and types of low, DP fructans, differed. It is proposed that fructans in L. perenne are synthesized via four enzymes: 1-SST (1-sucrose-sucrosefructosyl transferase), 1-FFT (1-fructan-fructanfrudosyl transferase), 6G-TT (6-glucose-fructosyl transferase) and 6-FFT (6-fructan-fructanfructosyl transferase) or 6-SFT (6-sucrose-fructanfructosyl transferase). C1 Univ Caen, IRBA, INRA, UA 950,Lab Physiol & Biochim Vegetales, F-14032 Caen, France. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. IFA Tulln, Analyt Zentrum, A-3430 Tulln, Austria. RP Prud'homme, MP (reprint author), Univ Caen, IRBA, INRA, UA 950,Lab Physiol & Biochim Vegetales, F-14032 Caen, France. NR 41 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 150 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00069.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 416HK UT WOS:000167774100010 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI Genetics, postprandial lipemia and obesity SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Review DE genetics; postprandial lipemia; obesity; diet; lipoproteins; genotype ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; B SIGNAL PEPTIDE; PLASMA-LIPID RESPONSE; FATTY-ACID-BINDING; BODY-MASS INDEX; INSERTION-DELETION POLYMORPHISM; CHOLESTEROL 7-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE GENE AB It has bern shown that a number of candidate gene loci (APOA1, APOA4, APOC3, APOB, APOE, CETP, LPL and FABP2) explain a significant, although still rather small, proportion of interindividual variability in fasting dietary responses, Other loci code for products that play a major role in lipoprotein metabolism and the prime candidate for future studies (ie, CYP7, ABCA1, SRB1). Some of these loci also affect postprandial lipemic responses, and the interactions between genetic and dietary factors may be further modulated by body mass index. The deleterious phenotypic associations observed with some of the genotypes of candidate genes ma, therefore only be expressed in subjects with a high BMI. This question requires more careful research, the findings of which may contribute towards the drafting of specific dietary recommendations for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. (C) 2001. Medical Press. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 180 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD APR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 2 BP 118 EP 133 PG 16 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 445ZC UT WOS:000169487600007 PM 11434189 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ Abrams, SA TI Iron and breastfeeding SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BREAST-FED INFANTS; HUMAN-MILK; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; SERUM FERRITIN; ASCORBIC-ACID; FORMULAS; LACTOFERRIN; ABSORPTION; STORES; CANCER AB Given the importance of iron nutrition during the first year of life, there are relatively few true randomized controlled studies addressing this issue; however, it appears that iron deficiency is unlikely to occur in the full-term breastfed infant during the first 6 months of life because the infant's body iron stores are sufficient to meet requirements. After this time, many infants exhaust their iron stores and become dependent on a secondary dietary iron supply. Although iron deficiency is a significant nutritional problem worldwide, most of the adverse effects of iron deficiency in this age group are hypothetical and rely on extrapolation from animal studies or studies at different ages. This, however, is also true of most of the adverse effects of iron excess in this age group. Given this uncertainty, it seems prudent to use the lowest dose of iron that prevents iron deficiency anemia. Currently, the best evidence is that this is achieved by prolonged breastfeeding, avoidance of unfortified formulas and cow's milk, and the introduction of iron- and vitamin C-fortified weaning foods at approximately 6 months of age. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 76 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD APR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 2 BP 401 EP + DI 10.1016/S0031-3955(08)70033-6 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 426GP UT WOS:000168341700010 PM 11339160 ER PT J AU Hinkel, KM Doolittle, JA Bockheim, JG Nelson, FE Paetzold, R Kimble, JM Travis, R AF Hinkel, KM Doolittle, JA Bockheim, JG Nelson, FE Paetzold, R Kimble, JM Travis, R TI Detection of subsurface permafrost features with ground-penetrating radar, Barrow, Alaska SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE active layer; Alaska; frozen ground; geophysical techniques; ground-penetrating radar; permafrost ID ACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS; TUNDRA; USA AB A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted in May 1999 on the 1 km(2) Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) grid 5km east of Barrow, Alaska. Spatially continuous measurements were collected along established transects while the active layer remained frozen. The primary objectives were to determine the 'long-term' position of the permafrost table, to recognize ice wedges and ice lenses, and to locate the organic-mineral soil interface. GPR signal and core collection were performed in tandem to verify signal interpretation, to calibrate the instrument, and to determine optimal GPR data-collection parameters. Two-way travel times from the antenna to subsurface reflectors were compared with measured depths obtained from soil cores to estimate an average pulse propagation velocity of 0.13 m/ns through the frozen soil. The most conspicuous subsurface reflectors were ice wedges, which gave high-amplitude hyperbolic reflections. Owing to its higher ice content, the approximate long-term position of the permafrost table could be traced laterally across the profile. Radar interpretations were obscured by the effects of cryoturbation, and because some horizons lack sufficient contrast in electrical properties. Highly detailed information can be obtained by collecting radar data at relatively slow speeds of advance, by using faster scanning rates (> 32 scans/s), and by employing high-frequency antennas (> 400 MHz). Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USDA, NRCS, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NASA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hinkel, KM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 49 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1045-6740 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 12 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1002/ppp.369 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 447JD UT WOS:000169567400003 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK AF Papiernik, SK TI A review of in situ measurement of organic compound transformation in groundwater SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SETAC World Congress CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND DE transformation; degradation; groundwater; organic ID LANDFILL LEACHATE PLUME; GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT PARAMETERS; IN-SITU; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INSITU DETERMINATION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; AEROBIC AQUIFER; SAND AQUIFER; DEGRADATION; SORPTION AB Laboratory assessments of the rate of degradation of organic compounds in groundwater have been criticized for producing unrepresentative results. The potential for organic compounds to be transformed in groundwater has been measured using in situ methods, which avoid problems of attempting to duplicate aquifer conditions in the laboratory. In situ assessments of transformation rates have been accomplished using transport studies and in situ microcosms (ISMs); a review of these methods is given here. In transport studies, organic solutes are injected into an aquifer and the concentrations are monitored as they are transported downgradient. The change in mass of a solute is determined by the area contained under the breakthrough curve (plot of concentration versus time). ISMs isolate a portion of the aquifer from advective flow and act as in situ batch reactors. Experiments using ISMs involve removing water from the ISM, amending it with the solutes of interest, re-injecting the amended water, and monitoring the solute concentrations with time. In both transport and ISM studies, the loss of organic solutes from solution does not allow a distinction to be made between sorptive, abiotic and biotic transformation losses. Biological activity can be chemically suppressed in ISMs and the results from those experiments used to indicate sorption and abiotic loss. Transformation products may be monitored to provide additional information on transformation mechanisms and rates. Published in 2001 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 57 IS 4 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1002/ps.287 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 419WV UT WOS:000167972500002 PM 11455811 ER PT J AU Copes, WE Scherm, H Ware, GO AF Copes, WE Scherm, H Ware, GO TI Sequential sampling to assess the incidence of infection by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi in mechanically harvested rabbiteye blueberry fruit SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease detection; Vaccinium ashei ID PLAN; DISPERSION; WHEAT AB Blueberry fruit infected by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, the causal agent of mummy berry disease, are unsuitable for use in processed food products. Fruit shipments that exceed a disease incidence threshold of 0.5% are redirected to alternative markets with substantial reductions in economic return to the producer. Because of this low tolerance, a sampling procedure with defined statistical properties is needed to determine disease incidence in the packinghouse. In this study, a sequential sampling plan was developed based on counts and dispersion patterns of infected fruit in 23 loads of mechanically harvested rabbiteye blueberries. Each load was sampled 20 to 100 times, with each sample containing 550 cm(3) of fruit. Various dispersion statistics (k of the negative binomial distribution, Lloyd's index of patchiness, and Iwao's b) were computed, all of which suggested aggregation of infected fruit. Because k was variable across loads, Iwao's regression procedure, which does not assume a single frequency distribution with fixed parameters describing the counts of infected fruit, was used to develop upper and lower stop lines for sequential sampling. For alpha = 0.05 and assuming a total of 250 fruit per 550-cm(3) sample, the resulting sampling plan would require only one sample to conclude that a load exceeds the threshold if the number of infected fruit in that sample is greater than four. A minimum of six samples would be needed to conclude that disease incidence in a load is below the threshold if the cumulative total of infected fruit in these samples is zero. Resampling analysis showed that most fruit loads could be classified reliably with <10 samples per load; for loads with a disease incidence very close to the 0.5% threshold, <50 samples were needed on average. Stop lines for sequential sampling for different fruit size classes are presented. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Copes, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2001 VL 91 IS 4 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.4.348 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 415GB UT WOS:000167711600002 PM 18943846 ER PT J AU Hallmann, J Quadt-Hallmann, A Miller, WG Sikora, RA Lindow, SE AF Hallmann, J Quadt-Hallmann, A Miller, WG Sikora, RA Lindow, SE TI Endophytic colonization of plants by the biocontrol agent Rhizobium etli G12 in relation to Meloidogyne incognita infection. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; NEMATODE GLOBODERA-PALLIDA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ROOTS; RHIZOSPHERE; LOCALIZATION; PSEUDOMONAS; MICROSCOPY; RESISTANCE; MELILOTI AB The external and internal colonization of potato and Arabidopsis roots by the biocontrol strain Rhizobium etli G12 containing a plasmidborne trp promoter green fluorescent protein transcriptional fusion, pGT-trp, was studied in the presence and absence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Plant colonization behavior and biocontrol potential of the marked strain G12(pGT-trp) was not altered compared with the parental strain. Plasmid pGT-trp was stable for more than 80 generations without selection and conferred sufficient fluorescence to detect single bacterial cells in planta. Although bacteria were found over the entire rhizoplane, they preferentially colonized root tips, the emerging lateral roots, and galled tissue caused by Meloidogyne infestation. Internal colonization of potato roots was mainly observed in epidermal cells, especially root hairs. G12(pGT-trp) colonization was also observed in inner Arabidopsis root tissues in areas of vascularization. In the presence of M. incognita, G12(pGT-trp) colonized the interior of nematode galls in high numbers. In some cases, bacterial colonization even extended from the galled tissue into adjacent root tissue. The internally colonized sites in roots were often discontinuous. Fluorescence microscopy of gfp-tagged rhizobacteria was a sensitive and a rapid technique to study external and internal colonization of plant roots by bacteria interacting with nematodes. C1 Inst Pflanzenkrankheiten Phytomed Bodenokosyst, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. USDA ARS, Food Safety & Hlth Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hallmann, J (reprint author), Inst Pflanzenkrankheiten Phytomed Bodenokosyst, Naussallee 9, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. NR 25 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2001 VL 91 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.4.415 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 415GB UT WOS:000167711600011 PM 18943855 ER PT J AU Baird, RE Abney, TS Mullinix, BG AF Baird, RE Abney, TS Mullinix, BG TI Fungi associated with pods and seeds during the R6 and R8 stages of four soybean cultivars in southwestern Indiana SO PHYTOPROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLORUM VAR CAULIVORA; SOUTHERN STEM CANKER; DIAPORTHE-PHASEOLORUM; SHELL MYCOBIOTA; CROPPING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; PHOMOPSIS; INFECTION; TILLAGE; DISEASE AB A total of 6,403 isolates of fungi were identified from soybean pods and seeds collected late in the 1992 and 1993 growing season (R6 and R8 soybean growth stages). The majority of fungi consisted of Deuteromycetes (95.5%) followed by Ascomycetes (0.9%). Common fungal genera isolated during the study included Phomopsis, Alternaria, Cercospora, and Colletotrichum (= Glomerella). Cercospora and Phomopsis were identified more commonly from pods and seeds at harvest maturity (R8) than at the greenbean stage of development (R6). However, isolation frequencies of Colletotrichum were greater from tissues collected at R6 than at R8. Isolation frequencies compared between pod and seed tissue were similar for almost all the fungi except Alternaria, Phoma, and Nigrospora. The primary pathogenic species identified from the Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex were D. phaseolorum var. caulivora and D. phaseolorum var, sojae at 28.2% of the total isolation frequencies compared to D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis and Phomopsis longicolla that were identified from 1% of the total samples. The pod tissue harbored greater numbers of fungi than seeds during this study. In statistical comparisons of the peduncle, middle, and stylar regions from pods, no differences in isolation frequencies were found for the cultivars tested regardless if pod tissues or seeds were compared. In summary, the percent isolation frequency of pathogenic fungi from pod and seed at R6 was an effective indicator of the potential for increased disease severity. Furthermore, the significantly greater occurrence of D. phaseolorum var. caulivora and D. phaseolorum var. sojae compared to the other Phompsis/Diaporthe spp. (e.g. D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis) in southern Indiana will enable scientists to continue to concentrate their breeding efforts for resistance to control these two major pathogens. C1 Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pathol Unit, ARS, USDA,Bot & Plant Pathol Dept, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, RDC Serv, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Stat & Comp Serv, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Baird, RE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pathol Unit, ARS, USDA,Bot & Plant Pathol Dept, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU QUEBEC SOC PROTECT PLANTS PI ST FOY PA PHYTOPROTECTION, 3488 CHEMIN SAINTE-FOY, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1X 2S8, CANADA SN 0031-9511 J9 PHYTOPROTECTION JI Phytoprotection PD APR PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 452WR UT WOS:000169883100001 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Polley, HW Johnson, HB Tischler, CR AF Derner, JD Polley, HW Johnson, HB Tischler, CR TI Root system response of C-4 grass seedlings to CO2 and soil water SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE belowground response; carbon dioxide; C-4 grasses; fine roots; root growth; root morphology ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII C-3; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS C-4; GAS-EXCHANGE; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; GROWTH; ENRICHMENT; PLANTS AB Aboveground growth of C(4)plants responds more strongly to atmospheric CO2 concentration when soil water is limiting rather than abundant. Whether the same is true of root growth and morphology, however, remains to be evaluated. We investigated interactive effects of CO2 and soil water on root growth and morphology of two C-4 grasses. Seedlings of the dominant C-4 grasses from tallgrass prairie, Schizachyrium scoparium and Andropogon gerardii, were grown for 8 weeks in an elongated, controlled environment chamber at CO2 concentrations of 368 (ambient) and 203 (subambient) mu mol mol(-1). Seedlings were maintained at either high (ca. 90%) or low (ca. 50%) soil relative water holding capacity (RWC). Both root and shoot systems of C-4 grass seedlings responded similarly to CO2 enrichment irrespective of whether soil water was limiting or abundant. Root growth was affected primarily by increased RWC (40-51% increases) and secondarily by higher CO2 (15-27% increases). The relative distribution of root surface area, number of root tips and length and volume of roots were significantly affected by CO2 enrichment with proportional increases of 55-61%, 39-52%, 50-55% and 53-58%, respectively, occurring in very fine (0-0.3 mm) roots. The indirect effect of CO2 enrichment on conservation of soil water in grasslands may be as important as direct photosynthetic response effects in the CO2-induced enhancement of whole-plant growth in C-4 grasses. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 2001 VL 231 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1023/A:1010306720328 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 423UK UT WOS:000168196000010 ER PT J AU Widstrom, NW Snook, ME AF Widstrom, NW Snook, ME TI Congruence of conventional and molecular studies to locate genes that control flavone synthesis in maize silks SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; antibiosis; maysin; QTL; reciprocal translocations ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CORN-EARWORM ANTIBIOSIS; MAYSIN CONCENTRATION; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; INHERITANCE; MECHANISMS; ANALOGS; INBREDS AB The presence of maysin, a flavone glycoside, and its analogues in the silks of corn is an important defence against invasion of the ear by corn earworm in the southeastern USA. Three dent maize inbreds with high silk-maysin concentrations were evaluated for chromosomal location of major genes controlling synthesis of three antibiotic chemicals by crossing them to a series of waxy-marked chromosome 9 reciprocal translocations. The data indicated that genes for maysin and its analogues are probably present on the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 10, and long arms of chromosomes 5 and 8 for inbred line GT114, the short arms of chromosome 1 and 6, and the long arms of chromosome 5 and 8 for inbred line GE37, and the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 10, and the long arm of chromosome 4 for inbred line SC102. These results are in general agreement with other translocation studies on corn earworm injury to sweet corn inbreds and gene and restriction fragment length polymorphism marker studies to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for maysin synthesis, with the exception that QTL on chromosome 9 have been found to be strongly associated with flavone synthesis. The most significant concordance between conventional and molecular techniques for locating chromosome regions influencing synthesis of antibiotic chemicals from silks of high silk antibiosis sources is found for the short arm of chromosome 1. This region is the most likely one on which to place emphasis during the initial stages of transferring high-maysin silks to elite inbred lines. A chromosome 1 marker plus at least one more from any chosen high-maysin inbred source should be sufficient to transfer high maysin silks to other lines. Other markers may be needed for transfer of specific traits when recovering recurrent parent genome types in a backcrossing procedure. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Widstrom, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 2 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 436XQ UT WOS:000168961500009 ER PT J AU Christ, BJ Haynes, KC AF Christ, BJ Haynes, KC TI Inheritance of resistance to early blight disease in a diploid potato population SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Solanum phureja; Solanum stenotomum; Alternaria solani; broad-sense heritability; narrow-sense heritability ID ALTERNARIA-SOLANI; FIELD-RESISTANCE; HERITABILITY; CULTIVARS; GENOTYPE; CROSSES AB Early blight disease, caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer, is a serious disease of potato foliage and tubers that occurs in most potato-growing regions world-wide. Developing new potato cultivars with resistance to early blight may reduce losses in the field and in storage, and lessen the need for fungicide applications. A total of 280 clones, derived from 72 maternal half-sib families from a diploid random-mated hybrid population of Solanum phureja x Solanum stenotomum were examined for resistance to early blight. The clones that were evaluated in a replicated field trial for 2 years in Pennsylvania, USA, had similar early blight intensity both years. Significant differences were found among families, within families and for the interaction of years x within families. Broad-sense heritability for resistance, measured as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), was estimated as 0.73, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.65-0.78, and narrow-sense heritability was estimated as 0.61 +/- 0.29 (P = 0.05). The correlation of AUDPC for early blight between years was 0.57 (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that this diploid population is worthy of use in breeding for early blight resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Haynes, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 2 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 436XQ UT WOS:000168961500013 ER PT J AU Burk, DH Liu, B Zhong, RQ Morrison, WH Ye, ZH AF Burk, DH Liu, B Zhong, RQ Morrison, WH Ye, ZH TI A katanin-like protein regulates normal cell wall biosynthesis and cell elongation SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID INTERFASCICULAR FIBER DIFFERENTIATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROTUBULE-SEVERING ACTIVITY; MAIZE LEAF DEVELOPMENT; LIVING PLANT-CELLS; CORTICAL MICROTUBULES; STABLE MICROTUBULES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ARABIDOPSIS; GENE AB Fibers are one of the mechanical tissues that provide structural support to the plant body. To understand how the normal mechanical strength of fibers is regulated, we isolated an Arabidopsis fragile fiber (fra2) mutant defective in the mechanical strength of interfascicular fibers in the inflorescence stems. Anatomical and chemical analyses showed that the fra2 mutation caused a reduction in fiber cell length and wall thickness, a decrease in cellulose and hemicellulose contents, and an increase in lignin condensation, indicating that the fragile fiber phenotype of fra2 is a result of alterations in fiber cell elongation and cell wail biosynthesis, In addition to the effects on fibers, the fra2 mutation resulted in a remarkable reduction in cell length and an increase in cell width in all organs, which led to a global alteration in plant morphology. The FRA2 gene was shown to encode a protein with high similarity to katanin (hence FRA2 was renamed AtKTN1), a protein shown to be involved in regulating microtubule disassembly by severing microtubules. Consistent with the putative function of AtKTN1 as a microtubule-severing protein, immunolocalization demonstrated that the fra2 mutation caused delays in the disappearance of perinuclear microtubule array and in the establishment of transverse cortical microtubule array in interphase and elongating cells. Together, these results suggest that AtKTN1, a katanin-like protein, is essential not only for normal cell wall biosynthesis and cell elongation in fiber cells but also for cell expansion in all organs. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Plant Biol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ye@dogwood.botany.uga.edu RI Burk, David/D-2056-2009 NR 44 TC 230 Z9 245 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD APR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 4 BP 807 EP 827 DI 10.1105/tpc.13.4.807 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 424EK UT WOS:000168219000008 PM 11283338 ER PT J AU Schubert, TS Rizvi, SA Sun, XA Gottwald, TR Graham, JH Dixon, WN AF Schubert, TS Rizvi, SA Sun, XA Gottwald, TR Graham, JH Dixon, WN TI Meeting the challenge of eradicating citrus canker in Florida - Again SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; BACTERIAL SPOT; ALTERNARIA THEMES; NURSERIES; ARGENTINA; STRAINS; SPREAD; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENS C1 Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. RP Schubert, TS (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, POB 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 94 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2001 VL 85 IS 4 BP 340 EP 356 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.4.340 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 413XG UT WOS:000167636400001 ER PT J AU Palou, L Smilanick, JL Usall, J Vinas, I AF Palou, L Smilanick, JL Usall, J Vinas, I TI Control of postharvest blue and green molds of oranges by hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE baking soda; citrus; cold storage; Penicillium digitatum; postharvest decay; soda ash ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CHILLING INJURY; DECAY CONTROL; CITRUS-FRUIT; THIABENDAZOLE; IMAZALIL; DIPS AB Control of citrus blue mold, caused by Penicillium italicum, was evaluated on artificially inoculated oranges immersed in water at up to 75 degreesC for 150 s; in 2 to 4% sodium carbonate (wt/vol) at 20 or 45 degreesC for 60 or 150 s; or in 1 to 4% sodium bicarbonate at room temperature for 150 s, followed by storage at 20 degreesC for 7 days. Hot water controlled blue mold at 50 to 55 degreesC, temperatures near those that injured fruit, and its effectiveness declined after 14 days of storage. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were superior to hot water. Temperature of sodium carbonate solutions influenced effectiveness more than concentration or immersion period. Sodium carbonate applied for 150 s at 45 degreesC at 3 or 4% reduced decay more than 90%. Sodium bicarbonate applied at room temperature at 2 to 4% reduced blue mold by more than 50%, while 1% was ineffective. In another set of experiments, treatments of sodium bicarbonate at room temperature, sodium carbonate at 45 degreesC, and hot water at 45 degreesC reduced blue mold incidence on artificially inoculated oranges to 6, 14, and 27%, respectively, after 3 weeks of storage at 3 degreesC. These treatments reduced green mold incidence to 6, 1, and 12%, respectively, while incidence among controls of both molds was about 100%. When reexamined 5 weeks later, the effectiveness of all, particularly hot water, declined. In conclusion, efficacy of hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate treatments against blue mold compared to that against green mold was similar after storage at 20 degreesC but proved inferior during long-term cold storage. C1 IRTA, Ctr UdL, CeRTA, Area Postcollita, Catalonia, Spain. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Palou, L (reprint author), IRTA, Ctr UdL, CeRTA, Area Postcollita, Catalonia, Spain. RI Vinas, Inmaculada/B-4096-2011; Palou, Lluis/C-9066-2012; OI Palou, Lluis/0000-0002-9385-6814; Vinas, Inmaculada/0000-0001-5182-2520 NR 38 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2001 VL 85 IS 4 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.4.371 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 413XG UT WOS:000167636400004 ER PT J AU Walker, SL Leath, S Hagler, WM Murphy, JP AF Walker, SL Leath, S Hagler, WM Murphy, JP TI Variation among isolates of Fusarium graminearum associated with Fusarium head blight in North Carolina SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE resistance ID EAR BLIGHT; WHEAT; SCAB; CEREALS; BARLEY AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) can reduce yield of wheat and decrease the value of harvested grain by accumulation of detrimental toxins. Understanding the variability of the fungal population associated with infection could improve disease control strategies. Sixty-six isolates of Fusarium graminearum associated with FHB were collected in North Carolina and tested for in vitro growth rate, in vitro production of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone, and pathogenicity on three cultivars of soft red winter wheat. Significant differences among isolates were found for all three traits. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed high levels of genotypic diversity among isolates. Isolates of F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum acquired from the Pennsylvania State University Fusarium Center were included for comparison in all tests. In vivo levels of DON were measured for the five isolates associated with the highest levels of disease and the five isolates associated with the lowest levels of disease, and no significant differences were found. However, all ten isolates produced detectable levels of DON in vivo. Mean disease ratings ranged from 3.4 to 96.4%, in vitro (DON) levels ranged from 0 to 7176.2 ppm, and zearalenone ranged from 0 to 354.7 ppm, among isolates. A multiple regression model using in vitro growth, in vitro DON, and zearalenone production, collection location, wheat cultivar of isolate origin, plot, tillage conditions, and previous crop as independent variables and percent blighted tissue as the dependent variable was developed. The cumulative R-2 value for the model equaled 0.27 with in vitro rate of growth making the largest contribution. Analysis of phenotype and genotype among isolates demonstrated diversity in a single plot, in a single location, and in North Carolina. Genotypic and phenotypic diversity were significant under both conventional and reduced tillage conditions, and diversity was high regardless of whether the previous crop had been a host or non-host for F. graminearum. These data indicate a variable pathogen population of F. graminearum exists in North Carolina, and members of this population can be both highly pathogenic on wheat and produce high levels of detrimental toxins, indicating a potential threat for problems with FHB within the state. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Leath, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2001 VL 85 IS 4 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.4.404 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 413XG UT WOS:000167636400010 ER PT J AU Everts, KL Leath, S Finney, PL AF Everts, KL Leath, S Finney, PL TI Impact of powdery mildew and leaf rust on milling and baking quality of soft red winter wheat SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici; crop losses; Puccinia triticina ID TEST WEIGHT; YIELD; RESISTANCE; BLOTCH AB Changes in milling and baking quality (especially flour yield) of soft red winter wheat can have a large economic impact on flour mills. To determine the relationship between early-season powdery mildew and late-season leaf rust on flour yield, flour protein, alkaline water retention capacity, and kernel texture (softness equivalent), a study was conducted over 2 years at Kinston and Plymouth, NC. Different levels of powdery mildew and leaf rust developed on three winter wheat cultivars that varied in levels of disease resistance, the presence of seed treatment, and the presence and timing of foliar fungicide application. In Kinston and Plymouth in 1989-90, where leaf rust occurred early, the softness equivalent score was lower in wheat grown from seed treated with triadimenol. The following year, when the leaf rust epidemic increased later, foliar fungicide application reduced disease and resulted in lower softness equivalent scores in both Plymouth and Kinston for cv. Saluda and in Kinston for cv. Coker 983. A regression model was developed to describe the relationship between the log of the area under the disease progress curves and adjusted flour yield (AM). The AM of Saluda was reduced in the presence of powdery mildew such that %AFY = 103.96 - 0.92 (log AUMPC). C1 Univ Maryland, Lower Eastern Shore Res & Educ Ctr, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Everts, KL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Lower Eastern Shore Res & Educ Ctr, 27664 Nanticoke Rd, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. NR 19 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2001 VL 85 IS 4 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.4.423 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 413XG UT WOS:000167636400013 ER PT J AU Li, L Paolillo, DJ Parthasarathy, MV DiMuzio, EM Garvin, DF AF Li, L Paolillo, DJ Parthasarathy, MV DiMuzio, EM Garvin, DF TI A novel gene mutation that confers abnormal patterns of beta-carotene accumulation in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cauliflower; carotenoid biosynthesis; beta-carotene; gene expression; mutation; sequestering structure ID TOMATO FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; MEVALONATE-INDEPENDENT PATHWAY; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; 1-DEOXY-D-XYLULOSE-5-PHOSPHATE REDUCTOISOMERASE; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; CHROMOPLAST DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE PREVENTION; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE AB The Or gene of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) causes many tissues of the plant to accumulate carotenoids and turn orange, which is suggestive of a perturbation of the normal regulation of carotenogenesis. A series of experiments to explore the cellular basis of the carotenoid accumulation induced by the Or gene was completed. The Or gene causes obvious carotenoid accumulation in weakly or unpigmented tissues such as the curd, pith, leaf bases and shoot meristems, and cryptically in some cells of other organs, including the roots and developing fruits. The dominant carotenoid accumulated is beta -carotene, which can reach levels that are several hundred-fold higher than those in comparable wild-type tissues. The beta -carotene accumulates in plastids mainly as a component of massive, highly ordered sheets. The Or gene does not affect carotenoid composition of leaves, nor does it alter color and chromoplast appearance in flower petals. Interestingly, mRNA from carotenogenic and other isoprenoid biosynthetic genes upstream of the carotenoid pathway was detected both in orange tissues of the mutant, and in comparable unpigmented wild-type tissues. Thus the unpigmented wild-type tissues are likely to be competent to synthesize carotenoids, but this process is suppressed by an unidentified mechanism. Our results suggest that the Or gene may induce carotenoid accumulation by initiating the synthesis of a carotenoid deposition sink in the form of the large carotenoid-sequestering sheets. C1 ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Garvin, DF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 48 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD APR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01008.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 437BD UT WOS:000168969600006 PM 11359610 ER PT J AU Velten, J Oliver, MJ AF Velten, J Oliver, MJ TI Tr288, A rehydrin with a dehydrin twist SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dehydrin; desiccation tolerance; rehydrin; Tortula ruralis ID MOSS TORTULA-RURALIS; DESICCATION-TOLERANT FERN; ABSCISIC-ACID; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; POLYPODIUM-VIRGINIANUM; FREEZING TOLERANCE; PLANT DESICCATION; WHEAT EMBRYOS; DEHYDRATION AB The rehydrin Tr288, originally isolated from a screen for differentially expressed transcripts during rehydration of desiccated moss (Tortula ruralis), was further characterized. Steady-state mRNA levels for Tr288 increase dramatically during slow drying even though protein synthesis is completely inhibited during this process. Tr288 transcripts do not accumulate during rapid drying of moss gametophytes. Conversely, during rehydration of rapidly dried tissue Tr288 transcript levels increase several-fold, while the relatively high amount of Tr288 mRNA sequestered in slowly dried material declines with time after the addition of water. Steady-state Tr288 mRNA also increases after treatment with salt (NaCl) and elevated temperature (37 degreesC). Genomic Southern analysis and isolation of a genomic clone suggest the presence of a single Tr288 gene containing two introns within the T. ruralis genome. The only sequence homology detected by a BLAST search of GenBank occurred at the 3' end of the Tr288 coding region and indicated a single copy of the K segment common to dehydrins. Computer translation of the Tr288 coding region revealed 15 copies of a protein segment (the GPN segment) that is predicted to form amphipathic alpha -helices. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Velten, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 45 IS 6 BP 713 EP 722 DI 10.1023/A:1010659120984 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 439RJ UT WOS:000169130600009 PM 11430433 ER PT J AU Nardini, A Tyree, MT Salleo, S AF Nardini, A Tyree, MT Salleo, S TI Xylem cavitation in the leaf of Prunus laurocerasus and its impact on leaf hydraulics SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE FLOWMETER; SUB-STOMATAL CAVITIES; POPULUS-BALSAMIFERA; ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; EXCISED LEAVES; LAURUS-NOBILIS; EMBOLISM; CONDUCTANCE; VULNERABILITY; QUERCUS AB This paper reports how water stress correlates with changes in hydraulic conductivity of stems, leaf midrib, and whole leaves of Prunus laurocerasus. Water stress caused cavitation-induced dysfunction in vessels of P. laurocerasus. Cavitation was detected acoustically by counts of ultrasonic acoustic emissions and by the loss of hydraulic conductivity measured by a vacuum chamber method. Stems and midribs were approximately equally vulnerable to cavitations. Although midribs suffered a 70% loss of hydraulic conductance at leaf water potentials of -1.5 MPa, there was less than a 10% loss of hydraulic conductance in whole leaves. Cutting and sealing the midrib 20 mm from the leaf base caused only a 30% loss of conduction of the whole leaf. A high-pressure flow meter was used to measure conductance of whole leaves and as the leaf was progressively cut back from tip to base. These data were fitted to a model of hydraulic conductance of leaves that explained the above results, i.e. redundancy in hydraulic pathways whereby water can flow around embolized regions in the leaf, makes whole leaves relatively insensitive to significant changes in conductance of the midrib. The onset of cavitation events in P. laurocerasus leaves correlated with the onset of stomatal closure as found recently in studies of other species in our laboratory. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Biol, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RI Nardini, Andrea/C-6525-2009 NR 41 TC 133 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1700 EP 1709 DI 10.1104/pp.125.4.1700 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 424CU UT WOS:000168215200019 PM 11299351 ER PT J AU Benedict, CR Lu, JL Pettigrew, DW Liu, JG Stipanovic, RD Williams, HJ AF Benedict, CR Lu, JL Pettigrew, DW Liu, JG Stipanovic, RD Williams, HJ TI The cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate and nerolidyl diphosphate by a purified recombinant delta-cadinene synthase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID (+)-DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; ENZYMATIC CYCLIZATION; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; TERPENE BIOSYNTHESIS; COTTON; EXPRESSION; ARBOREUM; CLONING; TISSUE AB The first step in the conversion of the isoprenoid intermediate, farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), to sesquiterpene phytoalexins in cotton (Gossypium barbadense) plants is catalyzed by delta -cadinene (CDN) synthase. CDN is the precursor of desoxyhemigossypol and hemigossypol defense sesquiterpenes. In this paper we have studied the mechanism for the cyclization of FDP and the putative intermediate, nerolidyl diphosphate, to CDN. A purified recombinant CDN synthase (CDN1-C1) expressed in Escherichia coli from CDN1-C1 cDNA isolated from Gossypium arboreum cyclizes (1RS)-[1-H-2](E, E)-FDP to > 98% [5-H-2]and [11-H-2]CDN. Enzyme reaction mixtures cyclize (3RS)-[4,4,13,13,13-H-2(5)]-nerolidyl diphosphate to 62.1% [8,8,15,15,15-H-2(5)]-CDN, 15.8% [6,6,15,15,15-H-2(5)]-alpha -bisabolol, 8.1% [6,6,15,15,15-H-2(5)]-(beta)-bisabolene, 9.8% [4,4,13,13-H-2(4)]-(E)-beta -farnesene, and 4.2% unknowns. Competitive studies show that (SR)-nerolidyl diphosphate is the active enantiomer of (3RS)-nerolidyl diphosphate that cyclized to CDN. The k(cat)/K-m values demonstrate that the synthase uses (E,E)-FDP as effectively as (3R)-nerolidyl diphosphate in the formation of CDN. Cyclization studies with (3R)-nerolidyl diphosphate show that the formation of CDN, (E)-beta -farnesene, and beta -bisabolene are enzyme dependent, but the formation of alpha -bisabolol in the reaction mixtures was a Mg2+-dependent solvolysis of nerolidyl diphosphate. Enzyme mechanisms are proposed for the formation of CDN from (E,E)-FDP and for the formation of CDN, (E)-beta -farnesene, and beta -bisabolene from (3RS)-nerolidyl diphosphate. The primary structures of cotton CDN synthase and tobacco epi-aristolochene synthase show 48% identity, suggesting similar three-dimensional structures. We used the SWISS-MODEL to test this. The two enzymes have the same overall structure consisting of two cu-helical domains and epi-aristolochene synthase is a good model for the structure of CDN synthase. Several amino acids in the primary structures of both synthases superimpose. The amino acids having catalytic roles in epi-aristochene synthase are substituted in the CDN synthase and may be related to differences in catalytic properties. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Benedict, CR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1754 EP 1765 DI 10.1104/pp.125.4.1754 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 424CU UT WOS:000168215200024 PM 11299356 ER PT J AU Chen, LS Ortiz-Lopez, A Jung, A Bush, DR AF Chen, LS Ortiz-Lopez, A Jung, A Bush, DR TI ANT1, an aromatic and neutral amino acid transporter in Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PERMEASE; YEAST; GENE; EXPRESSION; CLONING; PLANTS; COMPLEMENTATION; SEQUENCE AB A new amino acid transporter was identified from the Arabidopsis expressed sequence tag cDNAs by expressing the cDNA in a yeast amino acid transport mutant. Transport analysis of the expressed protein in yeast showed that it transports aromatic and neutral amino acids, as well as arginine. This transporter (ANT1, aromatic and neutral transporter) also transports indole-3-acetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The cDNA is 1.6 kb in length with an open reading frame that codes for a protein with 432 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 50 kD. Hydropathy analysis showed ANT1 is an integral membrane protein with 11 putative membrane-spanning domains. Southern analysis and a BLAST search of the Arabidopsis genome database suggests that ANT1 is part of a small gene family containing at least five members. Phylogenetic comparisons with other known amino acid transporters in plants suggests that ANT1 represents a new class of amino acid transporter. RNA gel-blot analysis showed that this transporter is expressed in all organs with highest abundance in flowers and cauline leaves. C1 Univ Illinois, ER Madigan Lab 196, Program Physiol & Mol Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, ER Madigan Lab 196, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, ER Madigan Lab 196, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bush, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, ER Madigan Lab 196, Program Physiol & Mol Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 34 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1813 EP 1820 DI 10.1104/pp.125.4.1813 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 424CU UT WOS:000168215200029 PM 11299361 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, P Glasheen, BM Bains, SK Long, SL Minocha, R Walter, C Minocha, SC AF Bhatnagar, P Glasheen, BM Bains, SK Long, SL Minocha, R Walter, C Minocha, SC TI Transgenic manipulation of the metabolism of polyamines in poplar cells SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECARBOXYLASE MESSENGER-RNA; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE; INTRACELLULAR DEGRADATION; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; CELLULAR POLYAMINES; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; INORGANIC-IONS; PINUS-RADIATA; PLANTS AB The metabolism of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) has become the target of genetic manipulation because of their significance in plant development and possibly stress tolerance. We studied the polyamine metabolism in non-transgenic (NT) and transgenic cells of poplar (Populus nigra x maximowiczii) expressing a mouse Orn decarboxylase (odc) cDNA. The transgenic cells showed elevated levels of mouse ODC enzyme activity, severalfold higher amounts of putrescine, a small increase in spermidine, and a small reduction in spermine as compared with NT cells. The conversion of labeled ornithine (Orn) into putrescine was significantly higher in the transgenic than the NT cells. Whereas exogenously supplied Om caused an increase in cellular putrescine in both cell lines, arginine at high concentrations was inhibitory to putrescine accumulation. The addition of urea and glutamine had no effect on polyamines in either of the cell lines. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase by methionine sulfoximine led to a substantial reduction in putrescine and spermidine in both cell lines. The results show that: (a) Transgenic expression of a heterologous ode gene can be used to modulate putrescine metabolism in plant cells, (b) accumulation of putrescine in high amounts does not affect the native arginine decarboxylase activity, (c) Orn biosynthesis occurs primarily from glutamine/glutamate and not from catabolic breakdown of arginine, (d) Orn biosynthesis may become a limiting factor for putrescine production in the odc transgenic cells, and (e) assimilation of nitrogen into glutamine keeps pace with an increased demand for its use for putrescine production. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. New Zealand Forestry, Rotorua, New Zealand. RP Minocha, SC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 67 TC 77 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 2139 EP 2153 DI 10.1104/pp.125.4.2139 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 424CU UT WOS:000168215200061 PM 11299393 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB AF Krishnan, HB TI Characterization of a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] mutant with reduced levels of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anti-nutritional protein; glycine max; storage protein; trypsin inhibitor ID PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; SEED PROTEIN; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; TOBACCO; PLANTS; BARLEY AB Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, an abundant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed protein. has a molecular mass of 21 500 Da and is specific for serine proteases. A soybean mutant (P.I. 196168) was characterized to determine the molecular basis for reduced Kunitz trypsin inhibitor levels during seed development. Western blot analysis revealed that P.I. 196168, in comparison to Amsoy 71. accumulated low amounts of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein. Non-denaturing polyacrylamide enzyme activity gels indicated that Amsoy 71 seeds contained at least five distinct zones of trypsin inhibitor activity. However, P.I. 196166 contained only four zones of enzyme inhibition. The coding region of the most abundant trypsin inhibitor gene (KTi3) was isolated from Amsoy 71 and P.I. 196168 by PCR. DNA sequence comparisons of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor coding regions revealed two deletions and one G to T transversion have occurred. These mutations introduced four stop codons in the reading frame, resulting in a truncated protein. Northern blot analysis revealed that P.I. 196168 accumulated drastically lower amounts of KTi3 mRNA when compared with Amsoy 71. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 160 IS 5 BP 979 EP 986 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00346-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 425VL UT WOS:000168312300022 ER PT J AU Papernik, LA Bethea, AS Singleton, TE Magalhaes, JV Garvin, DF Kochian, LV AF Papernik, LA Bethea, AS Singleton, TE Magalhaes, JV Garvin, DF Kochian, LV TI Physiological basis of reduced Al tolerance in ditelosomic Lines of Chinese Spring wheat SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE aluminum (exclusion, tolerance); ditelosomic line (wheat); genetics of aluminum tolerance; malate exudation; organic acid (Al tolerance); Triticum (Al tolerance) ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ALUMINUM-TOLERANCE; ROOT APICES; EXUDATION; MALATE; ACID; RESISTANCE; TOXICITY; MECHANISMS; PLANTS AB Aluminum tolerance was assessed in the moderately Al-tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Chinese Spring and a set of ditelosomic lines derived from Chinese Spring. Three ditelosomic lines lacking chromosome arms 4DL, 5AS and 7AS, respectively, exhibited decreased Al tolerance relative to the euploid parent Chinese Spring based on reduced root growth in Al-containing solutions. The physiological basis of the reduced Al tolerance was investigated. Measurements by inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectroscopy of root apical Al accumulation demonstrated that two of these three lines had a decreased ability to exclude Al from the root apex, the site of Al phytotoxicity. As Al-induced malate exudation has been suggested to be an important physiological mechanism of Al tolerance in wheat, this parameter was quantified and malate exudation was shown to be smaller in all three deletion lines compared with Chinese Spring. These results suggest that the decreased Al tolerance in at least two of the three ditelosomic lines is due to the loss of different genes independently influencing a single Al-tolerance mechanism, rather than to the loss of genes encoding alternative Al-tolerance mechanisms. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 32 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD APR PY 2001 VL 212 IS 5-6 BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1007/s004250000444 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 427HX UT WOS:000168399700022 PM 11346958 ER PT J AU Lott, BD May, JD Simmons, JD Branton, SL AF Lott, BD May, JD Simmons, JD Branton, SL TI The effect of nipple height on broiler performance SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler performance; nipple height; waterers; feed : gain ID CHICKENS; TEMPERATURE; WATER AB Two trials, using a total of 3,200 male broilers, were conducted to compare the effects of a trough drinker versus three different heights on a nipple drinker system on body weight gain and feed:gain. The broilers were housed in temperature-controlled litter pens at 25 or 30 C. An 8-ft open trough was used. The nipple drinker heights were adjusted as 1) low (no neck stretch and drink from the side of the beak), 2) medium (stretch neck and drink from the end of the beak), and 3) high (first elevate breast, then stretch neck and drink from the end of the beak) positions. The nipple heights were adjusted twice weekly by visual inspection. The open drinker produced the heaviest birds. No significant treatment differences were observed for feed:gain at 25 C but increased numerically with increasing nipple height. This same pattern was evident at 30 C, but statistically significant differences did occur. Drinking from a nipple drinker is an unnatural drinking act for birds, and the greater the neck extension, especially during a panting situation, the more detrimental the effect on both body weight and feed:gain. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Lott, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 80 IS 4 BP 408 EP 410 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 417JZ UT WOS:000167833000005 PM 11297277 ER PT J AU Kubena, LF Bailey, RH Byrd, JA Young, CR Corrier, DE Stanker, LH Rottinghaus, GE AF Kubena, LF Bailey, RH Byrd, JA Young, CR Corrier, DE Stanker, LH Rottinghaus, GE TI Cecal volatile fatty acids and broiler chick susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium colonization as affected by aflatoxins and T-2 toxin SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; broiler chicks; volatile fatty acids; aflatoxins; T-2 toxin ID ORAL LESIONS; TOXICITY; BACTERIA; CULTURE; DIACETOXYSCIRPENOL; COMBINATION; RESISTANCE AB Four experiments were conducted using day-of-hatch, mixed-sex broiler chicks to evaluate the effects of aflatoxins and T-2 toxin on cecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the susceptibility to Salmonella colonization. All chicks in these experiments were challenged orally with 10(4) cfu of Salmonella typhimurium (ST) on Day 3. In Experiments 1 and 2, chicks were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, or 7.5 mg aflatoxins/kg of diet and were allowed to develop their microflora naturally. In Experiment 3; all chicks were orally gavaged on the day of hatch with a competitive exclusion (CE) culture (PREEMPT (TM)) and were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, or 7.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg. In Experiment 4, the chicks were fed diets containing 0, 7.5, or 15.0 mg T-2 toxin/kg and one-half of the chicks were orally gavaged on the day of hatch with the CE culture. In Experiments 1 and 2, with the exception of increased total VFA at 5 d in chicks fed the 7.5 mg T-2 aflatoxins/kg diet, there were no treatment effects on cecal propionic acid, total VFA, or incidence or severity of ST colonization. In Experiment 3, the only alteration in concentration of cecal propionic acid or total VFA was a significant reduction in total VFA at 5 d in chicks fed the 2.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg diet. No significant treatment differences were observed for numbers of Salmonella cecal culture-positive chicks or for numbers of ST in the cecal contents. In Experiment 4, with minor exceptions, the chicks treated with the CE culture had higher cecal concentrations of propionic acid and were less susceptible to Salmonella colonization than the non-CE-treated chicks. In the non-CE-treated chicks, T-2 toxin had no effect on any of the parameters, and 85 to 90% of the chicks were Salmonella cecal culture-positive. In the CE-treated chicks, there was a decrease in propionic acid concentration at 3 and 11 d and an increase in susceptibility to Salmonella colonization of the chicks fed the 15.0 mg T-2 toxin/kg diet. These results indicate that cecal concentrations of VFA can be affected by toxins, such as high concentrations of T-2 toxin, and that resistance to Salmonella colonization may be reduced. Further research is necessary to determine the biological significance of these changes. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kubena, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 80 IS 4 BP 411 EP 417 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 417JZ UT WOS:000167833000006 PM 11297278 ER PT J AU Griswold, T AF Griswold, T TI Two new species of trap-nesting Anthidiini (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) from Sri Lanka SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE bees; Megachilidae; Anthidiini; Anthidiellum; Sri Lanka; trap-nest AB Two new trap-nesting species of Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium), A. butarsis and A. krombeini, are described from Sri Lanka. Comparisons are made with other known Oriental species of the subgenus. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Griswold, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2001 VL 103 IS 2 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 417LP UT WOS:000167836700002 ER PT J AU Marsh, PM Shaw, SR AF Marsh, PM Shaw, SR TI Revision of North American Aleiodes Wesmael (Part 6): The Gasterator (Jurine) and Unipunctator (Thunberg) species-groups (Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Rogadinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Braconidae; Aleiodes; parasitoids; revision ID HERRICH-SCHAEFFER AB The Aleiodes gasterator (Jurine) species-group is defined to include several Palaearctic species and the fellowing species from North America: atricornis (Cresson), n. comb, (= ferrugineus Enderlein, n. syn.); brachyphlebus, n. sp.; bucculentus, n, sp.; burrus Cresson (= fulvus Cresson, n. syn., nigricoxis Viereck, n. syn., cockerelli Viereck, n. syn., fusicaudus, n. nud., waldeni, n. syn.); carinatus (Ashmead) n. comb. (= pubescens Ashmead, n. syn., nasonii Ashmead, n. nud.); medicinebowensis, n, sp.; smithi, n. sp.; townesorum, n. sp.; vierecki, n. sp. The unipunctator (Thunberg) species-group also includes several Palaearctic species and the following North American species: harrimani (Ashmead), n. comb.; pseudoterminalis, n. sp.; terminalis Cresson. Both groups have small ocelli and have the marginal cell of the hind wing gradually widening to the wing apex. Species in the gasterator group are usually unicolored yellow or orange and have the malar space longer than the basal width of the mandible; species in the unipunctator group are bicolored black and red and have the malar space about equal to the basal width of the mandible. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Marsh, PM (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2001 VL 103 IS 2 BP 291 EP 307 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 417LP UT WOS:000167836700005 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Choi, SW AF Ferguson, DC Choi, SW TI A new species of Eulithis Hubner (Lepidoptera : Geometridae) from California SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Larentiinae; Eulithis powellata; Ribes; introduced species AB A new geometrid moth, Eulithis powellata, of the subfamily Larentiinae, is described from Monterey County, California. It is most similar to the Eurasian Eulithis mellinata (Fabricius) and E. pyraliata (Denis and Schiffermuller), and its larva feeds on Ribes menziesii (Pursh) (Saxifragaceae). Although one of its Old World relatives, E. mellinata, has been introduced into eastern Canada, E. powellata is clearly distinct and apparently endemic to a small area of coastal California. Sixteen species of Eulithis are now known from North America, including two Eurasian introductions. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ferguson, DC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2001 VL 103 IS 2 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 417LP UT WOS:000167836700015 ER PT J AU Bindlish, R Barros, AP AF Bindlish, R Barros, AP TI Parameterization of vegetation backscatter in radar-based, soil moisture estimation SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetation; backscatter; soil moisture; radar; inverse methods; retrieval ID AIRBORNE RADAR; ELECTROMAGNETIC BACKSCATTERING; MICROWAVE BACKSCATTERING; LEAF-AREA; SCATTERING; BIOMASS; MODEL; SAR; INVERSION; MICHIGAN AB The integral Equation Model (IEM) was previously used in conjunction with an inversion model to retrieve soil moisture using multifrequency and multipolarization data from Spaceborne Imaging Radar C-band (SIR-C) and X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (X-SAR). Convergence rates well above 90%, and small RMS errors were attained, for both vegetated and bare soil areas, using radar data collected during Washita 1994. However, the IEM was originally developed to describe the scattering from bare soil surfaces only, and, therefore, vegetation backscatter effects are not explicitly incorporated in the model. in this study, the problem is addressed by introducing a simple, semiempirical, vegetation scattering parameterization to the multifrequency, soil moisture inversion algorithm. The parameterization was formulated in the framework of the water-cloud model and relies on the concept of a land-cover (land-use)-based dimensionless vegetation correlation length to represent the spatial variability of vegetation across the landscape and radar-shadow effects (vegetation layovers). An application of the modified inversion model to the Washita 1994 data lead to a decrease of 32% in the RMSE, while the correlation coefficient between ground-based and SAR-derived soil moisture estimates improved from 0.84 to 0.95. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USDA ARS, SSAI, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Barros, AP (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, 118 Pierce Hall,29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Barros, Ana/A-3562-2011 OI Barros, Ana/0000-0003-4606-3106 NR 41 TC 101 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR PY 2001 VL 76 IS 1 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00200-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 421JN UT WOS:000168061400011 ER PT J AU Rens, W Yang, F Welch, G Revell, S O'Brien, PCM Solanky, N Johnson, LA Smith, MAF AF Rens, W Yang, F Welch, G Revell, S O'Brien, PCM Solanky, N Johnson, LA Smith, MAF TI An X-Y paint set and sperm FISH protocol that can be used for validation of cattle sperm separation procedures SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME-BEARING SPERM; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; BOVINE SPERM; SPERMATOZOA; DNA; PRESELECTION; SEMEN; DECONDENSATION AB X and Y chromosome paints were developed from sorted yak chromosomes for sexing cattle spermatozoa. Clear hybridization signals were obtained for every spermatozoon using a modified sperm decondensation protocol and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The procedure was evaluated using the established Beltsville sperm sexing technology, which separates spermatozoa by flow cytometry into X- and Y-bearing fractions. Close agreement was found between the assessment of sperm separation by flow cytometry and by FISH with the X-Y paint set. The FISH method is a simple, reliable and robust procedure for assessing the effectiveness of separation of X and Y spermatozoa. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Vet Med, Ctr Vet Sci, Vet Cytogenet Grp, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, GGPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Genus Plc, Ruthin, Clywd, Wales. RP Rens, W (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Vet Med, Ctr Vet Sci, Vet Cytogenet Grp, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNALS OF REPRODUCTION FERTILITY LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD APR PY 2001 VL 121 IS 4 BP 541 EP 546 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 427WH UT WOS:000168428100005 PM 11277872 ER PT J AU Braileanu, GT Simasko, SM Hu, J Assiri, A Mirando, MA AF Braileanu, GT Simasko, SM Hu, J Assiri, A Mirando, MA TI Effects of arginine- and lysine-vasopressin on phospholipase C activity, intracellular calcium concentration and prostaglandin F-2 alpha secretion in pig endometrial cells SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; CORPUS-LUTEUM REGRESSION; OXYTOCIN RECEPTORS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; UTERINE SECRETION; STROMAL CELLS; PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; EARLY-PREGNANCY; IN-VITRO; LUTEOLYSIS AB Oxytocin and vasopressin are related peptides that have receptors in the uterus. Species from families other than Suidae produce only arginine-vasopressin; in contrast, pigs apparently express both arginine- and lysine-vasopressin. The aim of this study was to determine whether arginine- or lysine-vasopressin would activate phospholipase C, increase intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+](i) and stimulate PGF(2 alpha) production in enriched cultures of stromal, glandular epithelial and luminal epithelial cells from pig endometrium. Cells were obtained from gilts on day 16 after oestrus by differential enzymatic digestion and sieve separation. After 96 h in culture, the cells were treated with 0 or 100 nmol arginine- or lysine-vasopressin I-1. The responses to 100 nmol oxytocin I-1 and 100 nmol GnRH I-1 were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Consistent with previous results, oxytocin stimulated phospholipase C activity (P < 0.05), increased [Ca2+](i) (P < 0.05) and promoted PGF(2 alpha) secretion (P < 0.05) from stromal and glandular epithelial cells. Activity of phospholipase C, [Ca2+](i) and PGF(2 alpha) release were also increased (P < 0.05) by arginine-vasopressin in stromal cells, but the responses were less (P < 0.01) than those induced by oxytocin. An oxytocin antagonist attenuated the [Ca2+](i) response of stromal cells to both oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin. Sequential treatment of cells with oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin indicated that oxytocin desensitized the response to oxytocin, but arginine-vasopressin did not similarly desensitize the response to oxytocin. In glandular and luminal epithelial cells, arginine-vasopressin did not stimulate phospholipase C activity, [Ca2+](i) or PGF(2 alpha) secretion. Neither GnRH nor lysine-vasopressin induced phospholipase C activity, increased [Ca2+](i) or stimulated PGF(2 alpha) production in any endometrial cell type. These results indicate that oxytocin receptors can bind arginine-vasopressin more readily than they bind lysine-vasopressin. Type 1 vasopressin receptors may also exist in endometrium predominantly on cells other than stromal, glandular epithelial and luminal epithelial cells, as in previous studies both arginine-vasopressin and lysine-vasopressin stimulated phospholipase C activity in endometrial explants to a similar extent as oxytocin. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Comparat Anat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mirando, MA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Res Initiat Competit Grants Program, Stop 2241,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 30268] NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNALS OF REPRODUCTION FERTILITY LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD APR PY 2001 VL 121 IS 4 BP 605 EP 612 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 427WH UT WOS:000168428100014 PM 11277881 ER PT J AU Muller-Doblies, UU Egli, J Li, H Braun, U Ackermann, M AF Muller-Doblies, UU Egli, J Li, H Braun, U Ackermann, M TI Epidemiology of malignant catarrhal fever in Switzerland SO SCHWEIZER ARCHIV FUR TIERHEILKUNDE LA German DT Article DE malignant catarrhal fever; Switzerland; incidence; reservoir; transmission ID OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; SHEEP; TRANSMISSION; RUMINANTS; CATTLE; VIRUS; DEER AB Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a usually fatal infectious disease of cattle with global distribution. Based on the recent introduction of a diagnostic PCR assay and a competitive inhibition ELISA (ciELISA) epidemiological data were collected on field cases in Switzerland. Throughout a three-year period, an MCF incidence of 0.6 parts per thousand was observed, with a gradient of cases from Eastern to Western Switzerland. While the cantons Wallis, Vaud and Geneva reported no and the remaining western cantons only reported a few cases, the highest incidence was observed in the cantons Appenzell Innerrhoden, Lucern, Glarus, Grison, St. Gallen, Schwyz, and Thurgau. MCF occurred seasonally and an age-related clustering was also observed. About 50% of all cases and all outbreaks with more than one animal in a single herd occurred between April and June. Animals between six months and two years were strongly over represented. Observations on four surviving cattle showed that the outcome of the disease is not invariably fatal and that these persistently infected cows can produce healthy negative calves. Investigations on the aetiology indicate that the main reservoir for OvHV-2 is in sheep and possibly goats, while cattle do not normally harbor the virus. An OvHV-2 negative sheep herd was raised from lambs, which were reared colostrum free and in isolation from their mothers. The success rate clearly indicated that vertical intrauterine infection is not the main mode of transmission among sheep. Therefore, horizontal, seasonally occurring transmission of OvHV-2 among sheep has to be assumed. C1 Univ Zurich, Fak Vet Med, Inst Virol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, Klin Wiederkauer & Pferdemed, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Fak Vet Med, Inst Virol, Winterthurerstr 266A, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0036-7281 J9 SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH JI Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. PD APR PY 2001 VL 143 IS 4 BP 173 EP 183 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 420UJ UT WOS:000168023400002 PM 11344942 ER PT J AU Guraya, HS James, C Champagne, ET AF Guraya, HS James, C Champagne, ET TI Effect of enzyme concentration and storage temperature on the formation of slowly digestible starch from cooked debranched rice starch SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE starch; slowly digestible starch; resistant starch; pullulanase ID CHAIN-LENGTH; AMYLOSE; AMYLOPECTINS AB Non-waxy and waxy starch suspensions were debranched with pullulanase followed by heating and cooling to form products with a mixture of rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS) and resistant starches (RS). Products with a range of digestibility were formed by controlling the enzyme concentration (2 and 10 g of pullulanase per 100 g of starch), time of hydrolysis (2 to 24 h) and cooling temperature (1, 15, and 30 degreesC). Higher enzyme concentration and less time for debranching resulted in maximum formation of SDS while longer times increased RS. RDS decreased with increasing SDS and RS. Holding at 1 degreesC produced a product with highest proportion of SDS. Holding at 15 degreesC produced a starch that is relatively more resistant to digestion. Holding at 30 degreesC produced the smallest amount of SDS but the same amount of RS as with samples cooled at 1 degreesC. The most SDS was produced by debranching waxy starch with 10 g of pullulanase per 100 g of starch for 4 h and subsequent storage at 1 degreesC. Therefore, waxy starches would be more suitable to make SDS. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Guraya, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 20 TC 65 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD APR PY 2001 VL 53 IS 3-4 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1002/1521-379X(200104)53:3/4<131::AID-STAR131>3.3.CO;2-D PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 424PR UT WOS:000168241100004 ER PT J AU Dietrich, CH McKamey, SH Deitz, LL AF Dietrich, CH McKamey, SH Deitz, LL TI Morphology-based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera : Cicadomorpha : Membracoidea) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIBE STEGASPIDINI HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; AUCHENORRHYNCHA; SIGNALS; STAL AB A parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of eighty-three morphological characters of adults and immatures of seventy representatives of the tribes and subfamilies of Membracidae and two outgroup taxa was conducted to evaluate the status and relationships of these taxa. Centrotinae apparently gave rise to Nessorhinini and Oxyrhachini (both formerly treated as subfamilies, now syn.n. and syn.reinst.. respectively, of Centrotinae). In contrast to previous analyses, a clade comprising Nicomiinae, Centronodinae, Centrodontinae, and the unplaced genera Holdgatiella Evans, Euwalkeria Goding and Antillotolania Ramos was recovered, but relationships within this clade were not well resolved. Nodonica bispinigera, gen.n. and sp.n., is described and placed in Centrodontini based on its sister-group relationship to a clade comprising previously described genera of this tribe. Membracinae and Heteronotinae were consistently monophyletic. Neither Darninae nor Smiliinae, as previously defined, was monophyletic on the maximally parsimonious cladograms, but constraining both as monophyletic groups required only one additional step. The monophyly of Stegaspidinae, including Deiroderes Ramos (unplaced in Membracidae), was supported on some but not all equally parsimonious cladograms. More detailed analyses of individual subfamilies, as well as morphological data on the undescribed immatures of several membracid tribes and genera, will be needed to elucidate relationships among tribes and genera. A key to the subfamilies and tribes is provided. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dietrich, CH (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, 607 E Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RI Dietrich, Christopher/A-9169-2016 OI Dietrich, Christopher/0000-0003-4005-4305 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 213 EP 239 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00140.x PG 27 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 420KV UT WOS:000168004900003 ER PT J AU Li, LJ Arumuganathan, K Rines, HW Phillips, RL Riera-Lizarazu, O Sandhu, D Zhou, Y Gill, KS AF Li, LJ Arumuganathan, K Rines, HW Phillips, RL Riera-Lizarazu, O Sandhu, D Zhou, Y Gill, KS TI Flow cytometric sorting of maize chromosome 9 from an oat-maize chromosome addition line SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE oat-maize chromosome-9 addition line; maize chromosome-9 sorting; genomic in situ hybridization; oat; maize ID METAPHASE CHROMOSOMES; DNA LIBRARIES; CONSTRUCTION; GENOME AB Large numbers of maize chromosome 9 can be collected with high purity by flow cytometric sorting of chromosomes isolated from a disomic maize chromosome addition line of oat. Metaphase chromosome suspensions were prepared from highly synchronized seedling root-tips of an oat-maize chromosome-9 addition line (OM9) and its parental oat and maize lines. Chromosomes were stained with propidium iodide for flow cytometric analysis and sorting. Flow-karyotypes of the oat-maize addition line showed an extra peak not present in the parental oat line. This peak is due to the presence of a maize chromosome-9 pair within the genome of OM9. Separation of maize chromosome 9 by flow cytometric sorting of a chromosome preparation from a normal maize line was not possible because of its size similarity (DNA content) to maize chromosomes 6, 7 and 8. However, it is possible to separate maize chromosome 9 from oat chromosomes and chromatids. An average of about 6x10(3) chromosomes of maize chromosome 9 can be collected by flow-sorting from chromosomes isolated from 30 root tips (ten seedlings) of the oat-maize addition line. Purity of the maize chromosome 9, sorted from the oat-maize chromosome addition line, was estimated to be more than 90% based on genomic in situ hybridization analysis. Sorting of individual chromosomes provides valuable genomic tools for physical mapping, library construction, and gene isolation. C1 Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Arumuganathan, K (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. OI Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar/0000-0002-7477-4063 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 102 IS 5 BP 658 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s001220051694 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 427KQ UT WOS:000168403700002 ER PT J AU Temesgen, B Brown, GR Harry, DE Kinlaw, CS Sewell, MM Neale, DB AF Temesgen, B Brown, GR Harry, DE Kinlaw, CS Sewell, MM Neale, DB TI Genetic mapping of expressed sequence tag polymorphism (ESTP) markers in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tag (EST); denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); genetic marker; genetic linkage map; loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LINKAGE MAP; OUTBRED PEDIGREE; CDNA CLONES; DNA; GENOMES; RFLP; SUBSTITUTIONS; CONSTRUCTION; LOCI AB The development and mapping of genetic markers based upon expressed sequence tag polymorphisms (ESTPs) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) are reported. The new markers were generated by PCR-amplification of loblolly pine genomic DNAs with primers designed from sequenced cDNAs. The cDNA libraries were constructed from RNAs expressed in the needles of loblolly pine seedlings or in the xylem from young trees. DNA polymorphisms were identified by analyzing the amplified products for differences in fragment size or restriction sites, or by examining mobility differences using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE revealed more DNA polymorphisms than the other two methods. Fifty six ESTPs were mapped using either of two mapping populations and positioned onto a loblolly pine consensus genetic map. Unlike many other markers commonly used in forestry, ESTPs can be used as orthologous markers for comparative mapping, to map genes of known function, or to identify candidate genes affecting important traits in loblolly pine. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Forest Serv,Dept Environm Hort, Inst Forest Genet,Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Forest Serv,Dept Environm Hort, Inst Forest Genet,Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 31 TC 55 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 102 IS 5 BP 664 EP 675 DI 10.1007/s001220051695 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 427KQ UT WOS:000168403700003 ER PT J AU Santra, DK Singh, G Kaiser, WJ Gupta, VS Ranjekar, PK Muehlbauer, FJ AF Santra, DK Singh, G Kaiser, WJ Gupta, VS Ranjekar, PK Muehlbauer, FJ TI Molecular analysis of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr., the pathogen of ascochyta blight in chickpea SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RAPD markers; genetic diversity; phytopathogen ID ANAMORPH-SEPTORIA-TRITICI; POLYMORPHIC DNA; GRAMINICOLA; PATHOTYPE; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY; FUNGUS; FIELD; RICE AB Genetic diversity in Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr., the causative agent of ascochyta blight of chickpea, was determined using 37 Indian, five American (USA), three Syrian, and two Pakistani isolates. A total of 48 polymorphic RAPD markers were scored for each isolate and the data used for cluster analysis. Most of the isolates clustered in the dendrogram essentially according to geographic origin. Based on the two major clusters A and B, Indian isolates were grouped into two categories, type-A and type-B. Isolates of A. rabiei within the Punjab state were more diverse than isolates from other states in northwestern India. A DNA marker (ubc756(1.6 kb)), specific to Indian isolates was identified. This is the first report of a molecular diversity analysis of Indian isolates of A. rabiei. The information may assist Indian chickpea breeders in the proper deployment of blight-resistant cultivars and in disease management. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. Natl Chem Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Plant Mol Biol Unit, Poona 411008, Maharashtra, India. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 W Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 102 IS 5 BP 676 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s001220051696 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 427KQ UT WOS:000168403700004 ER PT J AU Fjellstrom, RG Beuselinck, PR Steiner, JJ AF Fjellstrom, RG Beuselinck, PR Steiner, JJ TI RFLP marker analysis supports tetrasonic inheritance in Lotus corniculatus L. SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE tetrasomic inheritance; RFLP markers; Lotus corniculatus; birdsfoot trefoil; autotetraploid ID BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL GERMPLASM; REGISTRATION; FABACEAE AB Lotus corniculatus is a tetraploid (2n=4x=24) perennial forage legume and has been reported to have tetrasomic inheritance for several traits, although it has also been reported to show disomic inheritance. Molecular markers were used to clarify whether tetrasomic inheritance, disomic inheritance, or a combination of both, was found within an F-2 population arising from a cross between two diverse L. corniculatus accessions. The inheritance of "tetra-allelic" RFLP markers (markers with four segregating bands) indicated that disomic inheritance could not account for the phenotypic F,classes observed, and that only tetrasomic inheritance would explain the observed results. Goodness of fit tests for "tetra-allelic" and "tri-allelic" (three segregating bands) RFLP marker data suggested support for chromosomal-type tetrasomic inheritance. RFLP genotypes interpreted from autoradiographic signal intensity provided additional support for tetrasomic inheritance and the occurrence of preferential pairing between parental chromosomes. Bivalent pairing was predominant in the two parental lines and their F, hybrid in cytological analyses. L. corniculatus has been classified as both an autotetraploid and an allotetraploid species. RFLP evidence of tetrasomic inheritance gives support for L. corniculatus being classified as an autotetraploid species. Even though bivalent pairing occurs, as seen in other autotetraploid species, pairing between any of the four homologous chromosomes is possible. preferential pairing in the F, hybrid suggests that genome differentiation appears to be minimal between homologs within an accession, while genome differentiation is greater between homologs from different accessions of this genetically diverse species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Fjellstrom, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 102 IS 5 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1007/s001220051702 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 427KQ UT WOS:000168403700010 ER PT J AU Carlson, DB Williams, DE Spitsbergen, JM Ross, PF Bacon, CW Meredith, FI Riley, RT AF Carlson, DB Williams, DE Spitsbergen, JM Ross, PF Bacon, CW Meredith, FI Riley, RT TI Fumonisin B-1 promotes aflatoxin B-1 and N-methyl-N '-nitro-nitrosoguanidine-initiated liver tumors in rainbow trout SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; Fusarium moniliforme; aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; N-methyl-N '-nitro-nitrosoguanidine; MNNG; corn; sphingolipid; carcinogenesis; trout ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; RAT-LIVER; MECHANISTIC IMPLICATIONS; CANCER; SPHINGOSINE; CARCINOGENESIS; SPHINGOLIPIDS; CORN; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; CYTOCHROME-P450 AB Laboratory studies have described the carcinogenicity of fu-monisin B-1 (FB1) in rodents and epidemiological evidence suggests an association between FB1 (a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme) and cancer in humans. This study was designed to reveal in rainbow trout, a species with very low spontaneous tumor incidence, if FB1 was (i) a complete carcinogen, in the absence of an initiator; (ii) a promoter of liver tumors in fish initiated as fry with aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)); and (iii) a promoter of liver, kidney, stomach, or swim bladder tumors in fish initiated as fry with N-methyl-N ' -nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). FB1 was not a complete carcinogen in trout. No tumors were observed in any tissue of fish fed diets containing 0, 3.2, 23, or 104 ppm FB1 for a total of 34 weeks (4 weeks FB1 exposure, 2 weeks outgrowth on control diet, followed by 30 weeks FB1 diet) in the absence of a known initiator. FB1 promoted AFB(1) initiated liver tumors in fish fed greater than or equal to 23 ppm FB1 for 42 weeks. A 1-week pretreatment of FB1 did not alter the amount of liver [H-3]AFB(1) DNA adducts, which suggests that short-term exposure to FB1 will not alter phase I or phase II metabolism of AFB(1). In MNNG-initiated fish, liver tumors were promoted in the 104 ppm FB1 treatment (42 weeks), but FB1 did not promote tumors in any other tissue. Tumor incidence decreased in kidney and stomach in the 104 ppm FB1 treatment of MNNG-initiated trout. The FB1 promotional activity in AFB(1)-initiated fish was correlated with disruption of sphingolipid metabolism, suggesting that alterations in associated sphingolipid signaling pathways are potentially responsible for the promotional activity of FB1 in AFB(1)-initiated fish. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Mol Toxicol, Fenske Lab 226, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, NVSL, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxins Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, 1007 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07060, ES04766, ES03850, ES07612] NR 46 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 172 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1006/taap.2001.9129 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 421MG UT WOS:000168067700004 PM 11264020 ER PT J AU Deming, B AF Deming, B TI Take a bow SO TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Grad Sch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Deming, B (reprint author), USDA, Grad Sch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TRAINING DEVELOPMENT PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1640 KING ST, BOX 1443, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22313-2043 USA SN 1055-9760 J9 TRAINING DEV JI Train. Dev. PD APR PY 2001 VL 55 IS 4 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 418ZM UT WOS:000167925000006 ER PT J AU Miller, RE Smith, J Anderson, H AF Miller, RE Smith, J Anderson, H TI Detecting response of Douglas plantations to urea fertilizer at three locations in the Oregon Coast Range SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; Pseudotsuga menziesii; nitrogen; fertilization; urea; tree growth; stand growth AB Fertilizer trials in coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii(Mirb.) France) in the Oregon Coast Range usually indicate small and statistically nonsignificant response to nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Inherently weak experimental designs of past trials could make them too insensitive to detect growth differences that actually exist. Ability to detect real differences among treatments should be improved by having more than two replications per treatment and by using covariance analysis to adjust observed treatment means for unequal starting conditions among experimental treatments. To demonstrate these assumptions, we used size at fertilization and a prefertilization (calibration) period of growth as covariates when analyzing data from five coastal plantations. The trials had three to six replications per treatment and calibration periods of 6 or 7 years. Nitrogen fertilizer was assigned randomly to half the plots at each location when trees were 16 or 17 years old from seed. Our objectives were to quantify 4- or7-year response to N fertilizer and to demonstrate practical means for detecting response. Effects of fertilization on tree diameter and height, and on basal area and volume growth per acre were estimated. Among the five non-thinned plantations, observed gross basal area growth was changed by -2 to 13 percent in the 4 or 7 years after fertilization. Observed responses were increased substantially by covariance analyses at some plantations but decreased at others. Random assignment of three to six plots per treatment did not ensure balanced or comparable plots for fertilized and nonfertilized treatments. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Miller, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 2001 IS 533 BP 1 EP + PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 441RH UT WOS:000169243000001 ER PT J AU Rumble, MA Gobeille, JE AF Rumble, MA Gobeille, JE TI Small mammals in successional prairie woodlands of the northern Great Plains SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER RMRS LA English DT Article DE small mammals; succession; prairie woodlands; green ash; cottonwood; bur oak; eastern red cedar ID MISSOURI RIVER; ASSOCIATIONS; VEGETATION; COLORADO AB Prairie woodlands comprise about 1 percent of the landscape in the northern Great Plains. However, prairie woodlands provide habitat for far more than 1 percent of the wildlife species that occur in the prairie region. With increasing pressures on natural resources, managers need methods for managing wildlife habitat and biodiversity that are based on ecological processes. We studied the small mammals and vegetation in seral stages of four woodland types in central South Dakota. None of the species was restricted to a single seral stage, but abundance of some small mammals varied depending on seral stages of woodland types. To ensure the biodiversity of the prairie, managers should retain all seral stages of all prairie woodlands. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ctr Great Plains Ecosyst Res, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Rumble, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ctr Great Plains Ecosyst Res, Rapid City, SD USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROCKY MT RESEARCH STATION PI OGDEN PA 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 USA J9 USDA FOR SERV RM R S JI USDA For. Serv. RM. RS. Res. Paper RMRS PD APR PY 2001 IS RP-28 BP 1 EP + PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 456BM UT WOS:000170062500001 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Anderson, TJ Nisbet, DJ Kibbe, A Wilkinson, G AF Anderson, RC Anderson, TJ Nisbet, DJ Kibbe, A Wilkinson, G TI Drought associated poisoning of cattle in south texas by the high quality forage legume Leucaena leucocephala SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNERGISTES-JONESII; BACTERIA; RUMEN; MIMOSINE; GOATS; 3-HYDROXY-4(1H)-PYRIDONE; TOXICOSIS; RUMINANTS; TOXICITY; DHP AB Approximately 80 head of yearling cattle grazing on 680 acres exhibited signs of Leucaena leucocephala toxicosis, which was confirmed in 3 animals by detection of 3-hydroxy-4 (IH)-pyridone, the metabolite of the poisonous principle mimosine, in their urine. The animals had grazed leucaena almost exclusively due to lack of alternative forage resulting from drought conditions. Toxicosis from this otherwise high Quality forage would likely not have occurred had animals consumed lower amounts of leucaena acid could probably have been prevented, as it has been elsewhere, had the animals been colonized with Synergistes jonesii, a beneficial ruminal bacterium capable of degrading the toxic metabolites. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Forage Prod Inc, Falfurrias, TX 78355 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 95 EP 96 PG 2 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 412KK UT WOS:000167553400009 PM 11308129 ER PT J AU Wang, D Yates, SR Ernst, FF Knuteson, JA Brown, GE AF Wang, D Yates, SR Ernst, FF Knuteson, JA Brown, GE TI Volatilization of 1,3-dichloropropene under different application methods SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE 1,3-D; drip irrigation; emission; flux chambers; VOC ID METHYL-BROMIDE VOLATILIZATION; SOIL; FIELDS AB Atmospheric emission of volatile pesticides can be a significant source of air pollution. A field study was conducted to reduce 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) emission by applying the chemical via subsurface drip irrigation with a reduced dosage (4.7 g m(-2) or 47 kg ha(-1)). Comparisons were made between a shallow drip application with the plot covered with a polyethylene film, a deep drip application and a conventional shank injection (at 11.2 g m(-2)) with the plots left as bare soil surface. For each treatment, seven replicated active flux chambers were used continuously to measure 1,3-D loss until no measurable emission was found. Results indicated that total 1,3-D emission loss was over 90% for the shank injection, and 66 and 57% for the shallow and deep drip plots, respectively. The emission loss was extremely high for shank injection since about 80% were lost from the bed furrows where the slanted shanks left uncompacted fractures. On mass basis, the shank plot lost 10.4 g m(-2), whereas the shallow- and deep-drip plots lost 3.1 and 2.7 g m(-2), respectively. Applying 1,3-D using subsurface drip irrigation with reduced dosage has a great potential for emission reduction. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1-4 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.1023/A:1005299632176 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 409AP UT WOS:000167362600007 ER PT J AU Saadoun, IMK Schrader, KK Blevins, WT AF Saadoun, IMK Schrader, KK Blevins, WT TI Environmental and nutritional factors affecting geosmin synthesis by Anabaena sp. SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geosmin; Anabaena; light intensity; temperature; ammonium-N; nitrate-N; phosphate-P; copper ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; GROWTH-RATE; MUDDY ODOR; LAKE BIWA; WATER; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; CYANOBACTERIA; PHYSIOLOGY; LYNGBYA AB A cyanobacterium isolated from a source-water reservoir during a spring odor and taste episode and identified as Anabaena sp. consistently produced geosmin during laboratory culture on modified BG-11 liquid medium. Maximal geosmin/biomass occurred at 20 degreesC and a light intensity of 17 muE/m(2)/s; geosmin/chl a values directly correlated with increasing light intensity (r(2) = 0.95, P<0.01). It was concluded that at 20C, increasing light intensity favors less chl a synthesis and higher geosmin synthesis; at 17 muE/m(2)/s, increasing temperature stimulates chl a production (to 25 degreesC) while repressing geosmin synthesis (above 20 degreesC). Nutritional factors promoting biomass, chl a, and geosmin synthesis by Anabaena sp. were also investigated. For cultures grown at 17 muE/m(2)/s and 20 degreesC for 20 days, both ammonium-N and nitrate-N generally enhanced the growth of Anabaena sp. Nitrate-N promoted more chl a production (r(2) = 0.99) than ammonium-N. Geosmin synthesis was directly correlated with ammonium-N concentrations (r(2) = 0.89), with low nitrate-N (123.5 mug/l) favoring maximal geosmin production (2.8 mug/l). Increasing nitrate-N concentrations promoted a three-fold increase in chin content with geosmin synthesis decreased by two-fold. Geosmin/mg biomass was directly related to ammonium-N concentration; high nitrate-N levels suppressed geosmin production. No geosmin was detected at or below 118 mug phosphate phosphorus/l. Geosmin, dry weight biomass, and chl a production were correlated with increasing phosphorus (P) concentration (r(2) = 0.76, 0.96 and 0.98, respectively). No geosmin was detected when copper was present in growth media at or above 6.92 mug Cu2+ /1 (CuSO4. 5H(2)O). Dry weight biomass and chl a production were negatively correlated with Cu2+ ion concentrations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Irbid 22110, Jordan. USDA ARS, NPURU, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, University, MS USA. Suncrest Labs LLC, Notasulga, AL 36866 USA. RP Saadoun, IMK (reprint author), Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, POB 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1218 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00381-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 406UJ UT WOS:000167233600011 PM 11268841 ER PT J AU Woodbury, BL Dahab, MF AF Woodbury, BL Dahab, MF TI Comparison of conventional and two-stage reversible flow, static-bed biodenitrification reactors SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biodenitrification; fixed-film; static-bed; nitrate; nitrogen; reversible-flow; groundwater contamination ID NITRATE REMOVAL; WATER; GROUNDWATER AB This paper compares the operation of a traditional single-stage system with a two-stage, reversible flow biodenitrification system for removing nitrates from drinking water. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of these two-stage systems to remove nitrate and residual organics from treated water as compared to single-stage units. In the reversible flow system, the second-stage (i.e. follow) reactor is operated in series with the first-stage (i.e. lead) reactor. After a given period of operation, the flow regime is reversed so that the follow reactor becomes the lead one and vice versa. The active solids remaining in the follow reactor (previously the lead one) are capable of removing residual soluble organics and nitrates to levels below the concentrations provided by single-stage units particularly at HRTs as low as 0.5h. Nitrate-nitrogen removal efficiency improved slightly from 98 to 99.5% for the single- and two-stage systems, respectively. Most notably, reversible flow reactors were found to reduce long-term effluent residual organics concentrations with an average of approximately 1/3 that of the single-stage system. Also the reversible flow system, with its design redundancy, demonstrated the ability to receive extreme shock loads with no sustained loss of treatment efficiency. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Woodbury, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1563 EP 1571 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00421-8 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 413NH UT WOS:000167617900022 PM 11317904 ER PT J AU Oliveira, RS Koskinen, WC Ferreira, FA AF Oliveira, RS Koskinen, WC Ferreira, FA TI Sorption and leaching potential of herbicides on Brazilian soils SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sorption; leaching potential; herbicide; Brazilian soils ID ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING; PESTICIDE PROPERTIES DATABASE; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; SULFOMETURON METHYL; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SIMULATION-MODEL; LUPIN PRODUCTION; PERSISTENCE; IMAZETHAPYR AB Sorption of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, dicamba, hexazinone, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, simazine and sulfometuron-methyl was characterized on six Brazilian soils, using the batch equilibration method. In general, weak acid herbicides (dicamba, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron and sulfometuron-methyl) were the least sorbed, whereas weak bases such as triazines and nonionic herbicides (alachlor) were the most sorbed. The Kd values found showed a significant correlation with soil organic carbon content (OC) for all herbicides except imazethapyr and nicosulfuron. Koc values showed a smaller variation among soils than Kd. To estimate the leaching potential, Koc and the ground-water ubiquity score (GUS) were used to calculate half-lives (t(1/2)) that would rank these herbicides as leachers or non-leachers. Comparison of calculated values to published values for t(1/2) demonstrated that sulfonylureas and hexazinone are leachers in all soils, alachlor is transitional, and atrazine, simazine and dicamba are leachers or transitional, depending on soil type. Results discussed in this paper provide background to prioritize herbicides or chemical groups that should be evaluated in field conditions with regard to their leaching potential to ground-water in tropical soils. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Agron, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecn, BR-36570001 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 NR 43 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 49 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00219.x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 433FD UT WOS:000168747800001 ER PT J AU Taylor-Lovell, S Wax, LM AF Taylor-Lovell, S Wax, LM TI Weed control in field corn (Zea mays) with RPA 201772 combinations with atrazine and S-metolachlor SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HPPD inhibitor; isoxaflutole; reduced herbicide rates AB The premix atrazine + S-metolachlor is commonly used to control a wide range of weeds in corn, but it is weak on velvetleaf and several other broadleaf species. RPA 201772, used at reduced rates in combination with atrazine + S-metolachlor, may improve the weed control spectrum. In field studies at Urbana and Dekalb in 1998 and 1999, RPA 201772 was combined with a premix of atrazine at 1,820 g ai/ha and S-metolachlor at 1,408 g ai/ha to compare RPA 201772 rate effects on corn injury, weed control, and yield. RPA 201772 was applied at 0, 26, 53, 78, 105, and 132 g ai/ ha early preplant (EPP), preplant incorporated (PPI), and preemergence (PRE). Compared with atrazine + S-metolachlor alone, RPA 201772 combinations did not improve giant foxtail control. However, RPA 201772 at 26 or 53 g/ha increased control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, ivyleaf morningglory, common ragweed, giant ragweed, and velvetleaf in some environments. At Urbana in both years, RPA 201772 at 26 g/ha in combination with atrazine + S-metolachlor increased velvetleaf control 15% compared with the premix alone. RPA 201722 at 26 to 78 g/ha decreased velvetleaf densities with all application methods. Greater weed control and higher corn yield occurred in treatments applied PRE or PPI compared with EPP applications, except where conditions were dry after PRE applications. This research demonstrates the benefit of RPA 201772 at low rates for broadleaf weed control with less potential for crop injury compared with high RPA 201772 rates. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Taylor-Lovell, S (reprint author), Dow Agrosci, Midwest Technol Dev, Lorimor, IA 50149 USA. RI Lovell, Sarah/H-4478-2013 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0249:WCIFCZ]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WP UT WOS:000175240800010 ER PT J AU Young, JA Clements, CD AF Young, JA Clements, CD TI Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) seed germination SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wetlands; seed and seedbed ecology; diurnal temperatures ID TEMPERATURE; ECOLOGY; BIOLOGY; WEEDS AB Purple loosestrife is an invasive, exotic perennial weed of wetlands throughout much of the United States and Canada. Once established, it forms dense colonies to the near exclusion of more desirable vegetation. Established plants are prolific seed producers. Our purpose was to investigate the germination of purple loosestrife seeds at a wide range of constant or alternating temperatures from 0 through 40 C. Purple loosestrife seeds germinate over a wide range of temperatures. We define optimum germination as not less than the maximum observed minus its confidence interval at the 0.01 level of probability. Optimum germination occurred over a considerable range of temperatures: Only 10, 15, or 20 C for 16 h alternating in each 24 h with 35 C for 8 h always supported optimum germination. Wide ranges in diurnal temperature fluctuations were conducive to maximum germination. These ranged from a maximum of 35 degrees with 0/35 C to 5 degrees with 30/35 C. No one constant temperature supported optimum germination. C1 ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0337:PLLSSG]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WP UT WOS:000175240800024 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Webster, TM AF Johnson, WC Webster, TM TI A modified power tiller for metham application on cucurbit crops transplanted to polyethylene-covered seedbeds SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternatives to methyl bromide; fumigation ID BROMIDE; ALTERNATIVES; TOBACCO AB Metham has been reported as an acceptable weed control alternative to methyl bromide. However, modified application equipment is required to allow its effective use in crops that are grown on polyethylene-covered seedbeds. A power tiller was modified using commonly available materials to apply metham in a 61-cm band and shape seedbeds for laying a black polyethylene tarp. Additional modification allowed the implement to be used in strip tillage and conventional tillage systems. Metham applied using this modified power tiller effectively controlled many species of weeds, including yellow nutsedge, in transplanted watermelon. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0387:AMPTFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WP UT WOS:000175240800032 ER PT J AU O'Neill, KM Kemp, WP Seibert, C Rolston, MG Bess, JA Philips, TK AF O'Neill, KM Kemp, WP Seibert, C Rolston, MG Bess, JA Philips, TK TI Natural enemy assemblages on native and reseeded grasslands in southwestern Montana: A family-level analysis SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE rangeland; habitat type; Encyrtidae; Braconidae; Nabidae; Lygaeidae; Geocoris ID COMMUNITIES; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; GRASSHOPPERS; HYMENOPTERA; PREDATORS; RANGELAND; ASILIDAE; DIPTERA AB We conducted a 2-year survey using sweep sampling and family-level taxon identification, of the predator). and parasitoid insects on grassland sites in the Gallatin Valley of southwestern Montana. The 25 sites were divided into 4 habitat classes: 2 native habitat types (Stipa comata/Bouteloua, gracilis and Festuca idahoensis/Agropyron spicatum) and 2 that had been reseeded with either crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) or smooth brome (Bromus inermis). Out major goal was to make quantitative comparisons of the abundance of insects among native and reseeded habitats. Of 51 families in 5 insect orders identified, 7 Hymenoptera (Encyrtidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae, Eulophidae, Scelionidae, and Torymidae), 3 Hemiptera (Lygaeidae, Nabidae, and Reduviidae), 1 Coleoptera (Coccinellidae), and 1 Diptera (Asilidae) comprised 90% of the natural enemies sampled. Ordination analyses provided no strong evidence that the 4 habitat classes contained distinct overall natural enemy communities. However, contiguous native and reseeded sites usually had relatively different overall natural enemy assemblages, suggesting that vegetation was often a more important correlate of community composition than was close spatial proximity of sites. Furthermore, several common families exhibited differential abundances across habitat classes in one or both years. For example, in 1989, Eulophidae, Pteromalidae, and Torymidae were more abundant on native Festuca/Agropyron sites, whereas Encyrtidae and Nabidae were more abundant on Festuca/Agropyron sites reseeded with Bromus inermis. Although analyses of insect assemblages classified to the family level provide somewhat limited information on functional ecological differences among habitats, they allow one to survey a broad array of taxa to identify focal groups for future conservation and land management studies. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Otis Enterprises, Wanatah, IN 46390 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP O'Neill, KM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2001 VL 61 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427RB UT WOS:000168418300006 ER PT J AU Kartal, SN Lebow, ST AF Kartal, SN Lebow, ST TI Effect of compression wood on leaching and fixation of CCA-C treated red pine SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE compression wood; red pine; CCA; fixation; leaching ID CHROMIUM INTERACTIONS; LIGNIN; PRESERVATIVES; PH AB In this study, we investigated the effect of compression wood on the release rate of chromium, copper, and arsenic elements from red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and the rate of fixation of hexavalent chromium in the wood. Wood blocks from red pine, some containing compression wood and some with normal wood, were treated with a 1.0% CCA-C solution and then allowed to fix at 23 degreesC +/- 2 (74 degreesF +/- 4) for 0, 6, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 336 h. After each fixation period, sets of blocks removed from the conditioning room were subjected to 336 h of leaching. The percentage of hexavalent chromium reduced to the trivalent state was determined for solution pressed from matched sets of blocks. The blocks containing compression wood released significantly less chromium and copper elements. For chromium, the biggest effect was seen after the 192- and 336-h fixation periods. in the normal wood blocks fixed for 336 h, the average chromium release rate after 6 h of leaching was almost five times greater than that of the compression wood blocks. Copper and arsenic release was also affected by compression wood, but for these two elements, the effect diminished during the later stages of fixation. A higher percentage of hexavalent chromium was reduced to trivalent chromium in compression wood compared with that in normal wood after most fixation periods, and this difference was significant after 0, 48, 96, and 192 h. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Kartal, SN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 2 BP 182 EP 192 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 425CB UT WOS:000168269800006 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE Lebow, PK AF Winandy, JE Lebow, PK TI Modeling strength loss in wood by chemical composition. Part I. An individual component model for southern pine SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE strength; wood chemistry; properties AB In this study, we develop models for predicting loss in bending strength of clear, straight-grained pine from changes in chemical composition. Although significant work needs to be done before truly universal predictive models are developed, a quantitative fundamental relationship between changes in chemical composition and strength loss for pine was demonstrated. In particular, this study explored a linear independent-component modeling approach. The models were evaluated across a range of environmental exposure conditions known to cause strength loss and with several chemical treatments capable of causing hydrolytic chemical degradation in wood. Simple linear models developed reasonably accurate predictions of strength loss of clear, straight-grained southern pine wood based on changes in its chemical composition. Side-chain sugars of hemicellulose were the most susceptible to acid hydrolysis. The extent of their degradation was a sensitive predictor of early strength loss. Those sugars associated with the hemicellulose backbone were the next most susceptible, but they were strongly correlated between themselves. This is known as collinearity and, as such, data from either mannose or xylose, or from Klason lignin or glucose, often precluded the need for the other in the models. A linear three-parameter model using changes in a side-chain hemicellulose (arabinose), a main-chain hemicellulose (mannose), and glucose as an indicator of the extent of cellulose degradation reasonably predicted bending strength loss. We believe that with further work, residual strength or serviceability models based on a linear accumulation of the changes in chemical composition of wood during microbiological attack, thermochemical treatments, or severe environmental exposures can be developed to provide sensitive predictors of post-treatment or in-service strength loss. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 2 BP 239 EP 254 PG 16 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 425CB UT WOS:000168269800012 ER PT J AU Bumgardner, MS Bush, RJ West, CD AF Bumgardner, MS Bush, RJ West, CD TI Product development in large furniture companies: A descriptive model with implications for character-marked products SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE character-marks; hardwood furniture; product development; product design; triangulation ID LUMBER YIELD INCREASE; FIRST ROUGH MILLS; PERFORMANCE AB Previous research has shown that substantial yield improvements are possible when character-marks are not removed from hardwood furniture parts. Attempts to promote increased use of character-marked wood in furniture should be based on an understanding of how design concepts originate and move through the stages of product development. However, very little has been published concerning the product development proc ess in the furniture industry. This study sought to expand knowledge of the activities involved in furniture product development and to explain character-mark decisions in terms of the product development process. Data gathered from in-depth interviews and a follow-up mail survey of large furniture manufacturers were used to develop a 14-stage product development model. While decisions concerning use of character-marks occurred throughout the development process, such decisions were more common as the process proceeded; few companies considered character-marks in the earliest stages of product development. Certain stages in the model emerged as particularly important to character use, such as those involving mock-ups and evaluation of designer sketches. By identifying the activities that take place in these important stages, barriers to acceptance of character-marked furniture can be better understood and addressed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Ctr Forest Prod Mkt & Management, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bumgardner, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 2 BP 302 EP 313 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 425CB UT WOS:000168269800018 ER PT J AU Yang, MM Mitter, C Miller, DR AF Yang, MM Mitter, C Miller, DR TI First incidence of inquilinism in gall-forming psyllids, with a description of the new inquiline species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Psyllidae, Spondyliaspidinae) SO ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; PARASITISM; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; CYNIPIDAE AB The two largest lineages of holometabolous gall-forming insects, cynipid wasps and cecidomyiid flies, have given rise to numerous obligate inquilines, species which are unable to form galls themselves and survive by inhabiting galls formed by other species. In contrast, only a single obligate inquiline, an aphid, is known in the sternorrhynchous Hemiptera, the hemimetabolan lineage in which gall-forming is best developed. We describe the first known gall inquiline in psyllids (Sternorrhyncha, Psylloidea), Pachypsylla cohabitans Yang & Riemann sp. n. All other members of this genus produce closed galls on hackberries, Celtis spp. (Ulmaceae). Newly hatched nymphs of P. cohabitans feed next to nymphs of several species of leaf gall-makers, becoming incorporated into the gall as the stationary nymphs are gradually enveloped by leaf tissue. In the mature gall, the inquilines occupy separate, lateral cells surrounding a central cell containing a single gall-maker. Pachypsylla cohabitans is similar in morphology to leaf-gallers, but differs in nymphal and adult colour, allozyme frequency, especially in the malic enzyme, and in adult phenology. Laboratory-reared progeny of side-cell females, when caged alone, never form galls, while progeny of centre-cell individuals alone only form galls comprising single individuals. Multiple-cell galls are formed only when adults of side-cell and centre-cell individuals are caged together. Experimental removal of centre-cell nymphs in early stages of gall initiation leads to smaller galls or death of side-cell individuals. We conclude that the side-cell individual is an obligate inquiline that is incapable of forming a gall on its own but is derived from a leaf-galling ancestor. We speculate on selective forces that might favour this evolutionary transition. C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Entomol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, Maryland Ctr Systemat Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, MM (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Entomol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-3256 J9 ZOOL SCR JI Zool. Scr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 97 EP 113 DI 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2001.00060.x PG 17 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 445YA UT WOS:000169485100003 ER PT J AU Goslee, SC Peters, DPC Beck, KG AF Goslee, SC Peters, DPC Beck, KG TI Modeling invasive weeds in grasslands: the role of allelopathy in Acroptilon repens invasion SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE gap dynamics; individual-based simulation model; invasive perennial weed; shortgrass steppe; soil texture ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; RUSSIAN KNAPWEED; CENTAUREA-REPENS; PLANT DIVERSITY; CANADIAN WEEDS; SOIL TEXTURE; ALIEN PLANTS; DYNAMICS; WATER AB We used an individual plant-based simulation model (ECOTONE) to evaluate the importance of allelopathy and soil texture to the invasion of semiarid grasslands by the non-native perennial C, forb Acroptilon repens. We also assessed the sensitivity of model results to the negative effects of allelochemicals on recruitment and growth of perennial grasses. ECOTONE simulates the recruitment, growth, and mortality of individual plants on a small plot (0.12 m(2)) through time at an annual time step. A daily time step, multi-layer model of soil water dynamics (SOILWAT) was incorporated into ECOTONE to represent competition for soil water on a finer temporal scale. The model was parameterized for a shortgrass community in eastern Colorado, USA, using data available from the literature. Experimental simulations examined the effects of four soil textures and a range of levels of plant sensitivity to allelochemicals on the aboveground biomass of A. repens and of native perennial grasses. Simulation results showed that A. repens dominated the aboveground biomass on a plot only if native species were affected by allelopathic interactions. At moderate levels of plant sensitivity, A. repens became dominant faster and reached a higher proportion of the total biomass on fine- than on coarse-textured soils. Community composition and rate of A. repens dominance were more affected by the sensitivity of plant growth to allelochemicals than the sensitivity of species recruitment. Allelopathic interactions were an important component of the invasion dynamics of this perennial invasive weed, and further field investigations are warranted. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Box 30003 NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM sgoslee@nmsu.edu NR 60 TC 33 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 30 PY 2001 VL 139 IS 1 BP 31 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00231-9 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 435WL UT WOS:000168905100003 ER PT J AU Neff, WE List, GR Byrdwell, WC AF Neff, WE List, GR Byrdwell, WC TI Analysis of triacylglycerol positional isomers in food products as brominated derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE positional isomers; derivatization; LC; triacylglycerols; fatty acids ID OXIDATIVE STABILITY; ACID; TRIGLYCERIDES; AUTOXIDATION; LINOLENATE; SEPARATION; LINOLEATE; HPLC; OILS AB Reversed-phase HPLC resolution and HPLC-flame ionization detection quantitation of model triacylglycerol positional isomer pairs (important in the study of food formulation Lipids) after facile conversion to brominated derivatives is reported. The positional isomers in the triacylglycerol pairs were at least 98% resolved from each other during reversed-phase HPLC. Triacylglycerol quantitation obtained by HPLC-flame ionization detector was checked against standard positional isomer pairs known by mass. The flame ionization detection area percent gave absolute error range of 0.3-1.6% per triacylglycerol. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Neff, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 30 PY 2001 VL 912 IS 1 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00544-1 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 413BJ UT WOS:000167589800021 PM 11307983 ER PT J AU Hunt, HD Lupiani, B Miller, MM Gimeno, I Lee, LF Parcells, MS AF Hunt, HD Lupiani, B Miller, MM Gimeno, I Lee, LF Parcells, MS TI Marek's disease virus down-regulates surface expression of MHC (B complex) class 1 (BF) glycoproteins during active but not latent infection of chicken cells SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN-PROCESSING TAP; T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE; UNIQUE SHORT REGION; CLASS-I MOLECULES; HEAVY-CHAINS; HERPESVIRUS; GENES; LINE; MDV; MUTANT AB Infection of chicken cells with three Marek's disease Virus (MDV) serotypes interferes with expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC or B complex) class I (BF) glycoproteins. BF surface expression is blocked after infection of OU2 cells with MDV serotypes 1, 2, and 3. MDV-induced T-cell tumors suffer a nearly complete loss of cell surface BF upon virus reactivation with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUdR). The recombinant virus (RB1BUS2gfp Delta) transforming the MDCC-UA04 cell line expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) during the immediate early phase of viral gene expression. Of the UA04 cells induced to express the immediate early GFP, approximately 60% have reduced levels of BF expression. All of the reactivated UA04 and MSB1 tumor cells expressing the major early viral protein pp38 display reduced revels of BF. Thus, BF down-regulation begins in the immediate early phase and is complete by the early phase of viral gene expression. The intracellular pool of BF is not appreciably affected, indicating that the likely mechanism is a block in BF transport and not the result of transcriptional or translational regulation. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48863 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Univ Complutense, Fac Vet, Dept Patol Anim 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Hunt, HD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48863 USA. RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011 NR 51 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 2001 VL 282 IS 1 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1006/viro.2000.0797 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 416VL UT WOS:000167800800019 PM 11259202 ER PT J AU Fehmi, JS Laca, EA AF Fehmi, JS Laca, EA TI A note on using a laser-based technique for recording of behaviour and location of free-ranging animals SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle-spatial distribution; behaviour; foraging behaviour; herding behaviour AB We developed a precise, remote (up to 300 m) observation system to record animal location and behaviour that requires no animal handling or disruption of the normal environment. Our system, combining a survey laser and a laptop, also allows recording of observed animal behaviour from seconds to hours, with accuracy of 1 m or better. Up to one individual per second can be located, which supports data collection of large numbers of animals not possible with other methods. The laser system was used to track a halter-broken heifer led in an are beginning and ending about 50 m from the laser with a maximum distance of about 150 m. We recorded the location of the heifer at 35 points along the are using the laser, a global positioning system (GPS), and a nylon tape. There was an average linear difference of 1.16 m (S.D. 0.63) between the laser data and the GPS data. The laser was potentially more accurate than GPS for this application because the laser averaged only 0.21 m (S.D. 0.24) linear difference from the tape. Tests of the laser to relocate points in the field to within 0.20 m and 0.1 degrees, averaged 0.32 m (S.D. 0.29) from the original points. Our technique allows precise location of behaviour and navigation to grazed sites, potentially revealing how animals interact with the resources they exploit and showing the effect of landscape spatial heterogeneity on foraging and habitat use patterns. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fehmi, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. OI Fehmi, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0618-9740 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD MAR 29 PY 2001 VL 71 IS 4 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(00)00194-5 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 413DV UT WOS:000167595400006 ER PT J AU De Moraes, CM Mescher, MC Tumlinson, JH AF De Moraes, CM Mescher, MC Tumlinson, JH TI Caterpillar-induced nocturnal plant volatiles repel conspecific females SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; HOST-PLANT; PARASITIC WASPS; DAMAGE; ATTRACTION; COLEOPTERA; KAIROMONE; PHEROMONE; RESPONSES; LARVAE AB Plants respond to insect herbivory by synthesizing and releasing complex blends of volatile compounds, which provide important host-location cues for insects that are natural enemies of herbivores(1-3). The effects of these volatile blends on herbivore behaviour have been investigated to only a limited extent(4,5), in part because of the assumption that herbivore-induced volatile emissions occur mainly during the light phase of the photoperiod(6,7). Because many moths-whose larvae are some of the most important insect herbivores-are nocturnal, herbivore-induced plant volatiles have not hitherto been considered to be temporally available as host-location cues for ovipositing females. Here we present chemical and behavioural assays showing that tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) release herbivore-induced volatiles during both night and day. Moreover, several volatile compounds are released exclusively at night and are highly repellent to female moths (Heliothis virescens). The demonstration that tobacco plants release temporally different volatile blends and that lepidopteran herbivores use induced plant signals released during the dark phase to choose sites for oviposition adds a new dimension to our understanding of the role of chemical cues in mediating tritrophic interactions. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM jtumlinson@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 24 TC 462 Z9 484 U1 12 U2 138 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 29 PY 2001 VL 410 IS 6828 BP 577 EP 580 DI 10.1038/35069058 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 417WW UT WOS:000167859300046 PM 11279494 ER PT J AU Brayton, KA Knowles, DP McGuire, TC Palmer, GH AF Brayton, KA Knowles, DP McGuire, TC Palmer, GH TI Efficient use of a small genome to generate antigenic diversity in tick-borne ehrlichial pathogens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; MULTIGENE FAMILY; GENES; RECOMBINATION; SEQUENCE; DNA AB Ehrlichiae are responsible for important tick-transmitted diseases, including anaplasmosis, the most prevalent tick-borne infection of livestock worldwide, and the emerging human diseases monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Antigenic variation of major surface proteins is a key feature of these pathogens that allows persistence in the mammalian host, a requisite for subsequent tick transmission. In Anaplasma marginale pseudogenes for two antigenically variable gene families, msp2 and msp3, appear in concert. These pseudogenes can be recombined into the functional expression site to generate new antigenic variants. Coordinated control of the recombination of these genes would allow these two gene families to act synergistically to evade the host immune response. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Brayton, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI45580, R01 AI044005, R01 AI045580, R01 AI44005] NR 17 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 27 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 7 BP 4130 EP 4135 DI 10.1073/pnas.071056298 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 417KG UT WOS:000167833700094 PM 11274438 ER PT J AU Zhan, X Kustas, WP AF Zhan, X Kustas, WP TI A coupled model of land surface CO2 and energy fluxes using remote sensing data SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2-energy coupled model; transpiration; plant photosynthesis ID FIELD EXPERIMENT FIFE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL-MOISTURE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CANOPY; TRANSPIRATION; LEAF AB Considering the coupling of plant transpiration with plant photosynthesis through stomatal opening, this paper develops a dual-source model that simulates the energy and CO2 fluxes between a vegetated land surface and the lower atmosphere. Two versions of the CO2-energy coupled model (CECM) are presented. The version CECMSM uses daily surface soil moisture measurements or estimates along with meteorological variables and vegetation parameters as inputs. The other version CECMTr utilizes remotely sensed radiometric surface temperature instead of surface soil moisture estimates. The two versions of the model are evaluated by comparing their predictions of CO2 (F-c), latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) fluxes and surface temperature (T-sf) with three datasets collected from two large-scale field experiments (FIFE'87 and Monsoon'90). which were conducted over two different types of land surface. For the three datasets, the correlation coefficients between the predictions of H, LE and T-sf from both versions of CECM and their observations ranged from 0.77 to 0.97. The F-c predictions from CECMSM had a correlation of 0.96 and a 16% mean absolute percent difference (MAPD) with the observations. For both CECMSM and CECMTr, the agreement with measured LE was generally better than H where MAPD values ranged from 15-35 to 20-55%. respectively. The values of some parameters in the stomatal conductance and leaf photosynthesis models obtained in the literature for general Ci plants in the temperate areas were found inappropriate for the C-3 shrubs at the site of the Monsoon'90 experiment which have adapted to the semiarid environment. After these parameters were adjusted to give similar stomatal resistance from other work. the LE and H predictions from CECM were improved. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhan, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010 NR 58 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 107 IS 2 BP 131 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00229-X PG 22 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406FG UT WOS:000167203800004 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Evans, JJ Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH TI Distribution of Streptococcus iniae in hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) following nare inoculation SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE infectivity; Streptococcus iniae; hybrid striped bass; olfactory organ; nare route of infection; tissue distribution ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; INFECTION AB Streptococcus iniae's organ distribution was estimated over time by colony forming units (CFU) after inoculating posterior nares of 95 hybrid bass with 1.1 X 10(5) (CFU) of S. iniae (5.2 X 10(4) CFU/nare). Fish were sampled at 0.5, 4, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 52 h from nine anatomical regions: the blood of the first two gill arches and blood of the third and fourth gill arches, nares, olfactory, optic and cerebellum regions of the brain, eye, heart and anterior kidney. The nare was the only organ yielding S. iniae at 0.5 h. The presence of S. iniae was evident in the cerebellum, blood of the gills, heart and kidney at 4 h and in the olfactory lobe at 12 h. The optic lobe and eye became culture-positive at 18 h. S. iniae CFU in nare, blood of the third and fourth gill arches and kidney remained elevated through 52 h, but declined in all other tissues at 52 h. S. iniae CFU in the eye remained low. We have shown that S. iniae is readily recovered from the nares of hybrid striped bass, and is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and rapidly disseminate to other tissues. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 151 Dixon Dr, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 194 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00522-6 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 403AW UT WOS:000167021200003 ER PT J AU Szulczewski, MD Helmke, PA Bleam, WF AF Szulczewski, MD Helmke, PA Bleam, WF TI XANES spectroscopy studies of Cr(VI) reduction by thiols in organosulfur compounds and humic substances SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; CHROMIUM(VI) REDUCTION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; SULFUR SPECIATION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; OXIDATION-STATES; ANALYSIS PACKAGE; ORGANIC SULFUR; SOIL AB The reduction of Cr(VI) by the thiol-containing compounds cysteine and glutathione and by reduced sulfur in humic substances was monitored with sulfur and chromium X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy in chromium-contaminated soils. Reaction of humic acids with Cr(VI) resulted in a reduction of the peak area of thiols and an increase in the peak area of disulfides in the sulfur XANES spectra. Analysis of the sulfur XANES spectra in various systems indicates that the reduction of Cr(VI) by humic substances involves a thiol/disulfide redox couple analogous to that of the Cr(VI) reduction by the simple thiol-containing compounds cysteine and glutathione. A fraction of the hexavalent chromium present in industrially-contaminated soils was not reducible by thiols. Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(ill) in soils by thiols has little effect on the pH of the system in contrast to the pH decrease resulting from reduction by Fe(II). C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Szulczewski, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 38 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1134 EP 1141 DI 10.1021/es001301b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411ZN UT WOS:000167529700021 PM 11347925 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Yates, SR Gan, JY AF Papiernik, SK Yates, SR Gan, JY TI An approach for estimating the permeability of agricultural films SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; SOIL AB Plastic tarps currently used during soil fumigation to control emissions have been shown to be permeable to fumigant vapors, resulting in appreciable losses to the atmosphere. New low-permeability films are being developed to reduce fumigant emissions and increase efficacy. A rapid, reliable, and sensitive method is required to measure the permeability of various films that may be used in new management practices. This manuscript presents an approach for estimating the mass transfer coefficient (h) of fumigant compounds across agricultural films. The h is a measure of the resistance to diffusion which, unlike other measures of permeability, is a property of the film-chemical combination and independent of the concentration gradient across the film. This method uses static sealed cells; fumigant vapor is spiked to one side of the film and the concentrations on both sides of the film are monitored until equilibrium. An analytical model is fitted to the data to obtain h. This model relies on a mass balance approach and includes sorption to and diffusion across the film membrane. The method was tested using two polyethylene films and a very low-permeability film and showed that the method produces a sensitive and reproducible measure of film permeability. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 20 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1240 EP 1246 DI 10.1021/es0014279 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411ZN UT WOS:000167529700035 PM 11347939 ER PT J AU Millner, PD Mulbry, WW Reynolds, SL AF Millner, PD Mulbry, WW Reynolds, SL TI Taxon-specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of two ancient endomycorrhizal fungi, Glomus occultum and Glomus brasilianum SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus; internal transcribed spacer; ITS; ribosomal DNA; rDNA; PCR primer ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; RIBOSOMAL DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; GLOMALES; MOSSEAE; ROOTS AB A unique oligonucleotide pair, GOCC56:GOCC427, was designed that correctly primed specific amplification of a similar to 370-bp sequence spanning the ITS and 5.8S rDNA regions of Glomus accultum and Glomus brasilianum. In addition, this primer pair successfully detected G. occultum and G. brasilianum DNA in nested PCR using a primary PCR product amplified from highly diluted extracts of colonized corn (Zen mays) roots using modified ITS1:ITS4 primers. A second primer pair, GBRAS86:GBRAS388, primed specific amplification of a similar to 200-bp sequence spanning the ITS and 5.8S rDNA regions present only in G. brasilianum and Glomus strain GR582. Combined use of both primer pairs provides the means to detect and differentiate two ancient endomycorrhizal species, G. occultum and G. brasilianum, undetectable by standard root staining procedures. Sequence analysis showed that the purported G. occultum strain GR582 is likely a strain of G. brasilianum. (C) 2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Millner, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Blvd,Bldg 001,Rm 140, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 196 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10559.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 415XF UT WOS:000167748300014 PM 11267774 ER PT J AU Youdim, KA Joseph, JA AF Youdim, KA Joseph, JA TI A possible emerging role of phytochemicals in improving age-related neurological dysfunctions: A multiplicity of effects SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE memory; learning; aging; phytochemicals; polyphenolics; free radicals ID GINKGO-BILOBA EXTRACT; SENESCENCE-ACCELERATED MOUSE; PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CEREBELLAR NORADRENERGIC FUNCTION; TRADITIONAL CHINESE PRESCRIPTION; HIPPOCAMPAL PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; STANDARDIZED GINSENG EXTRACT; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; POLICIAS-FRUTICOSUM L AB It is rare to see a day pass in which we are not told through some popular medium that the population is becoming older. Along with this information comes the "new" revelation that as we enter the next millennium there will be increases in age-associated diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease) including the most devastating of these, which involve the nervous system (e.g., Alzheimer's disease [AD] and Parkinson's disease [PD]). It is estimated that within the next 50 years approximately 30% of the population will be aged 65 years or older. Of those between 75 and 84 years of age, 6 million will exhibit some form of AD symptoms, and of those older than 85 years, over 12 million will have some form of dementia associated with AD. What appears more ominous is that many cognitive changes occur even in the absence of specific age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Common components thought to contribute to the manifestation of these disorders and normal age-related declines in brain performance are increased susceptibility to long-term effects of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory insults. Unless some means is found to reduce these age-related decrements in neuronal function, health care costs will continue to rise exponentially. Thus, it is extremely important to explore methods to retard or reverse age-related neuronal deficits as well as their subsequent, behavioral manifestations. Fortunately, the growth of knowledge in the biochemistry of cell viability has opened new avenues of research focused at identifying new therapeutic agents that could potentially disrupt the perpetual cycle of events involved in the decrements associated with these detrimental processes. In this regard, a new role in which certain dietary components may play important roles in alleviating certain disorders are beginning to receive increased attention, in particular those involving phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Neurosci, Boston, MA USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jjoseph@hnrc.tufts.edu NR 177 TC 226 Z9 235 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 30 IS 6 BP 583 EP 594 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00510-4 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 412BZ UT WOS:000167535300001 PM 11295356 ER PT J AU Denisova, NA Cantuti-Castelvetri, I Hassan, WN Paulson, KE Joseph, JA AF Denisova, NA Cantuti-Castelvetri, I Hassan, WN Paulson, KE Joseph, JA TI Role of membrane lipids in regulation of vulnerability to oxidative stress in PC12 cells: Implication for aging SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; membrane cholesterol and sphingomyelin; neutral sphingomyelinase; glutathione; PC12 cells; free radicals ID MAGNESIUM-DEPENDENT SPHINGOMYELINASE; CALCIUM DYSREGULATION; NEUTRAL SPHINGOMYELINASE; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; OXIDANT INJURY; POSSIBLE MODEL; RAT-BRAIN; AGE; GLUTATHIONE; CHOLESTEROL AB Previously, we reported that PC12 cells showed increased vulnerability to oxidative stress (OS) induced by H2O2 (as assessed by decrements in calcium recovery, i.e., the ability of cells to buffer Ca2+ after a depolarization event) when the membrane levels of cholesterol (CHL) and sphingomyelin (SPH) were modified to approximate those seen in the neuronal membranes of old animals. The present study was designed to examine whether the enrichment of the membranes with SPH-CHL and increased cellular vulnerability to OS are mediated by neutral SPH-specific phospholipase C (N-Sase) and the intracellular antioxidant GSH. The results showed a significant up-regulation of N-Sase activity by both low (5 muM) and high (300 muM) doses of H2O2, However, under high doses of H2O2 the up-regulation of N-Sase is accompanied by a significant increase in reactive oxygen species and by a decrease in intracellular GSH. The enrichment of membranes with SPH-CHL significantly potentiated the effects of high doses of H2O2, by further reducing the intracellular GSH and further up-regulating the N-Sase activity. Furthermore, repleting intracellular GSH with 20 mM N-acetylcysteine treatment was sufficient to attenuate the effect of a low dose of H2O2 on Ca2+ recovery in SPH-CHL-treated cells. Thus, these results suggested that age-related alterations in the membrane SPH-CHL levels could be important determinants of the susceptibility of neuronal cells to OS. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Denisova, NA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 30 IS 6 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00513-X PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 412BZ UT WOS:000167535300010 PM 11295365 ER PT J AU Obin, MS Brill, ER Lem, J Taylor, A Salomon, R AF Obin, MS Brill, ER Lem, J Taylor, A Salomon, R TI Gas6 and the Axl and Tyro-3 receptor tyrosine kinases in the normal and light-stressed mouse retina. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JMUSDA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Lab Mol Pathol, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 SU S MA 3375 BP S628 EP S628 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 427EP UT WOS:000168392103339 ER PT J AU Shang, F Marques, MI Taylor, A AF Shang, F Marques, MI Taylor, A TI Degradation of HNE-modified proteins in human lens epithelial cells by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Coimbra, IBILI, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Coimbra, Portugal. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 SU S MA 5011 BP S935 EP S935 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 427EP UT WOS:000168392104974 ER PT J AU Campbell, JV Mohle-Boetani, J Reporter, R Abbott, S Farrar, J Brandl, M Mandrell, R Werner, SB AF Campbell, JV Mohle-Boetani, J Reporter, R Abbott, S Farrar, J Brandl, M Mandrell, R Werner, SB TI An outbreak of Salmonella serotype Thompson associated with fresh cilantro SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TOMATOES; SPROUTS AB An outbreak of Salmonella serotype Thompson in California was identified through laboratory-based surveillance and investigated with case-control, traceback, and laboratory studies. There were 35 "sporadic" cases and a restaurant-associated outbreak of 41 cases with onset between 6 March and 31 March 1999. Three case patients were hospitalized. A case-control study found a significant association between illness and eating cilantro at a restaurant (63% of case patients vs. 34% of control subjects; odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-11.4). Although common distributors of cilantro were identified, inadequate records prohibited the identification of a single farm supplying cilantro. At room temperature, Salmonella Thompson grew more rapidly and to a higher concentration on chopped cilantro, compared with whole-leaf cilantro. Freshly made salsa (pH 3.4) supported growth of Salmonella Thompson. Cilantro should be served promptly after chopping. Accurate records of the distribution of produce should be available, and bacterial contamination of produce should be prevented in retail and wholesale establishments, in packing sheds, and on farms. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dis Invest & Surveillance Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Microbial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDHS, Food & Drug Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. RP Mohle-Boetani, J (reprint author), DCDC, DISB, Dis Invest Sect, 2151 Berkeley Way,Rm 708, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 13 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 6 BP 984 EP 987 DI 10.1086/319254 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 404RM UT WOS:000167114500021 PM 11237818 ER PT J AU Bartholome, AL Sangild, PT Burrin, DG Petersen, YM Elnif, J Buddington, RK Tappenden, KA AF Bartholome, AL Sangild, PT Burrin, DG Petersen, YM Elnif, J Buddington, RK Tappenden, KA TI Glucagon-like peptide-2 upregulates SGLT-1 mRNA abundance in neonatal piglets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A977 EP A977 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201517 ER PT J AU Basiotis, PP Anand, RS AF Basiotis, PP Anand, RS TI Overall dietary practices of obese adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A738 EP A738 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200141 ER PT J AU Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ Liu, CW Davis, TA AF Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ Liu, CW Davis, TA TI Tissue-specific response of protein metabolism to somatotropin treatment in growing pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A730 EP A730 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200099 ER PT J AU Castaneda, C Munoz-Orians, L Layne, J Roubenoff, R Nelson, M Tucker, K AF Castaneda, C Munoz-Orians, L Layne, J Roubenoff, R Nelson, M Tucker, K TI Improved glycemic control in Hispanic elders with type 2 diabetes: Effects of diet and resistance exercise training SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A726 EP A726 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200073 ER PT J AU Chung, HK Wu, DY Gay, R Goldin, B Bronson, R Mason, J Smith, D Meydani, SN AF Chung, HK Wu, DY Gay, R Goldin, B Bronson, R Mason, J Smith, D Meydani, SN TI Aged mice are more susceptible to azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A994 EP A994 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201621 ER PT J AU Conway, JM Ingwersen, LA Stout, RL Moshfegh, AJ AF Conway, JM Ingwersen, LA Stout, RL Moshfegh, AJ TI Ability of obese and non-obese women to recall food intake using the USDA multiple pass method SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A735 EP A735 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200127 ER PT J AU Davies, MJ Lauterio, TJ AF Davies, MJ Lauterio, TJ TI Effect of growth hormone treatment on metabolic perturbations in obesity prone rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A756 EP A756 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200245 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Uthus, EO AF Davis, CD Uthus, EO TI Dietary selenium and methylation status affect dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt formation in rat colon SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A952 EP A952 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201376 ER PT J AU Dolnikowski, GG Sun, ZY Grusak, MA Peterson, JW Booth, SL AF Dolnikowski, GG Sun, ZY Grusak, MA Peterson, JW Booth, SL TI HPLC and GC/MS determination of deuterated vitamin K in human serum after ingestion of deuterium labeled broccoli SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A959 EP A959 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201413 ER PT J AU Dopler-Nelson, MJ Burn, BJ Clifford, AJ AF Dopler-Nelson, MJ Burn, BJ Clifford, AJ TI The impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act on studies of the effects of spinal cord injuries on metabolism and nutrient status SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1001 EP A1001 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201657 ER PT J AU During, A Harrison, EH AF During, A Harrison, EH TI Cellular uptake, incorporation into chylomicrons, and secretion of all-trans beta-carotene by Caco-2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A954 EP A954 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201385 ER PT J AU Fohrman, SK Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH AF Fohrman, SK Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH TI Lead, silicon and their interaction affect bone composition SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Menomonie, WI USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A972 EP A972 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201490 ER PT J AU Friso, S Jacques, PF Wilson, PWF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Friso, S Jacques, PF Wilson, PWF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Low plasma pyridoxal-5 '-phosphate levels are associated with elevation of the inflammation marker, C-reactive protein SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A963 EP A963 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201436 ER PT J AU Gerrior, SA Bente, L AF Gerrior, SA Bente, L TI The Interactive Food Supply: An on-line connection to food and nutrient information SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A746 EP A746 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200190 ER PT J AU Glahn, R Welch, R Cheng, ZQ Gregorio, G Etcheverry, P AF Glahn, R Welch, R Cheng, ZQ Gregorio, G Etcheverry, P TI Comparison of genotypes of staple food crops for relative iron availability. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A985 EP A985 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201565 ER PT J AU Glahn, R Wortley, G AF Glahn, R Wortley, G TI Concentration-response effects of phytic acid, tannic acid and zinc on iron availability. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A975 EP A975 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201509 ER PT J AU Gomez, RM Solana, ME Levander, OA AF Gomez, RM Solana, ME Levander, OA TI Selenium deficiency increases the severity of myositis in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Microbiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A966 EP A966 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201456 ER PT J AU Guthrie, JF Fisher, S AF Guthrie, JF Fisher, S TI Dietary intakes by children with perceived milk/dairy allergy SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A738 EP A738 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200144 ER PT J AU Haines, PS Guilkey, DK Popkin, BM Hama, MY AF Haines, PS Guilkey, DK Popkin, BM Hama, MY TI The effect of season of year on food group intake assessment SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A734 EP A734 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200123 ER PT J AU Han, SN Leka, LS Lichtenstein, AL Ausman, LM Schaefer, EJ Meydani, SN AF Han, SN Leka, LS Lichtenstein, AL Ausman, LM Schaefer, EJ Meydani, SN TI Hydrogenated fat containing diets high in trans fatty acids do not adversely affect immune function in humans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1094 EP A1094 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202202 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Kelley, DS AF Hawkes, WC Kelley, DS TI The effects of dietary selenium on immune function in healthy men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A969 EP A969 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201475 ER PT J AU Hintze, KJ Finley, JW AF Hintze, KJ Finley, JW TI Aurothioglucose inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A968 EP A968 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201469 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Idso, JP AF Hunt, CD Idso, JP TI Dietary boron and erythritol and antigen injection interact to modify blood concentrations of nk cells and expression of Cd-15rc on Cd4 and Cd8a T cells in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1090 EP A1090 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202175 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Roughead, ZK AF Hunt, JR Roughead, ZK TI Adaptation of iron absorption in premenopausal women consuming diets with high or low iron bioavailability. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A974 EP A974 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201504 ER PT J AU Kalmbach, R Jacques, PF Bagley, PJ Russo, G Wilson, PWF Rosenberg, IH AF Kalmbach, R Jacques, PF Bagley, PJ Russo, G Wilson, PWF Rosenberg, IH TI Folate status and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype influence the relation between riboflavin status and total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A956 EP A956 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201396 ER PT J AU Keane-Myers, AM Urban, J Chan, CC Schopf, L AF Keane-Myers, AM Urban, J Chan, CC Schopf, L TI Helminth infection potentiates allergic ocular inflammation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Lab Allerg Dis, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NIAID, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1015 EP A1015 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201744 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Simon, VA Taylor, PA Rudolph, IL Benito, P Nelson, GJ AF Kelley, DS Simon, VA Taylor, PA Rudolph, IL Benito, P Nelson, GJ TI Increased conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), does not alter their function SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1094 EP A1094 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202199 ER PT J AU Lapillonne, A Nelson, CM DeMar, JC Clarke, SD Heird, WC AF Lapillonne, A Nelson, CM DeMar, JC Clarke, SD Heird, WC TI Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on growth, energy expenditure (EE), body composition and expression of genes controlling fat oxidation and thermogenesis in piglets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Div Nutr Sci, Austin, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A995 EP A995 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201623 ER PT J AU Ma, GS Yao, MJ Roberts, SB Dolnikowski, GG McCrory, MA AF Ma, GS Yao, MJ Roberts, SB Dolnikowski, GG McCrory, MA TI Comparison and validation of body composition methods in healthy Chinese adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Nutr & Food Hyg, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1004 EP A1004 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201677 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Hajduk, CL Roberts, SB AF McCrory, MA Hajduk, CL Roberts, SB TI Food group associations with BMI: Influence of energy intake reporting accuracy SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A951 EP A951 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201367 ER PT J AU McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ AF McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ TI Conjugated linoleic acid isomers influence porcine adipocyte differentiation in vitro. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A996 EP A996 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201629 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Pursel, VG AF Mitchell, AD Pursel, VG TI Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on growth and body composition of control and IGF-I transgenic pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A961 EP A961 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201429 ER PT J AU Moeller, SM Jacques, PF Rogers, G Hankinson, SE Chylack, LT Willett, WC Taylor, A AF Moeller, SM Jacques, PF Rogers, G Hankinson, SE Chylack, LT Willett, WC Taylor, A TI Abdominal adiposity and lens opacities in women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1000 EP A1000 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201653 ER PT J AU Murphy, J Schuetz, M Harnly, JM AF Murphy, J Schuetz, M Harnly, JM TI Determining the heme and non-heme iron fractions in meat samples with dual detection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A971 EP A971 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201485 ER PT J AU Nelson, HK Van Dael, P Schiffrin, EJ Blum, S Barclay, D Levander, OA Beck, MA AF Nelson, HK Van Dael, P Schiffrin, EJ Blum, S Barclay, D Levander, OA Beck, MA TI Host selenium status as a driving force for influenza virus mutations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Nestle Res Ctr, Lausanne, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A966 EP A966 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201459 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH Uthus, EO Yokoi, K AF Nielsen, FH Uthus, EO Yokoi, K TI Dietary nickel deprivation decreases sperm motility and evokes hypertension in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A972 EP A972 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201494 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Britz, S Pawlosky, RJ Kelm, M Harrison, DJ Flanagan, V Brown, E Beecher, G Clevidence, B AF Novotny, JA Britz, S Pawlosky, RJ Kelm, M Harrison, DJ Flanagan, V Brown, E Beecher, G Clevidence, B TI Absorption of beta-carotene from carbon-13 labeled kale SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A954 EP A954 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201384 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Suryawan, A Liu, CW Reeds, PJ Davis, TA AF O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Suryawan, A Liu, CW Reeds, PJ Davis, TA TI Interaction of insulin and amino acids in the stimulation of neonatal muscle protein synthesis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A730 EP A730 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200096 ER PT J AU Patterson, B Veillon, CC Taylor, P Patterson, K Levander, OA AF Patterson, B Veillon, CC Taylor, P Patterson, K Levander, OA TI Selenium metabolism in humans differs by gender: Results from a stable isotope tracer study SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A969 EP A969 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201472 ER PT J AU Penland, JG Lukaski, HC AF Penland, JG Lukaski, HC TI Chromium picolinate and picolinic acid supplementation affect menstrual symptomatology but not cognitive performance SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1089 EP A1089 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202171 ER PT J AU Rein, D Traber, MG Yokoyama, WH Walzem, RL German, JB AF Rein, D Traber, MG Yokoyama, WH Walzem, RL German, JB TI Lipid matrix effects on alpha- and gamma-tocopherol distribution in hamster plasma SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst Sci & Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1098 EP A1098 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202222 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Poch, SM Ashwell, CM AF Richards, MP Poch, SM Ashwell, CM TI Leptin receptor gene expression in turkeys SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A961 EP A961 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201428 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Richards, MP Poch, SM Russell, BA AF Rosebrough, RW Richards, MP Poch, SM Russell, BA TI Dietary protein regulates in vitro lipogenesis and lipogenic enzyme gene expression in broilers SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA Beltsville, Beltsville, MD 21045 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A961 EP A961 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201427 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Lykken, GI Hunt, JR AF Roughead, ZK Lykken, GI Hunt, JR TI Controlled high meat diets do not affect calcium retention or indices of bone status in healthy postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A727 EP A727 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200079 ER PT J AU Schuschke, DA Saari, JT Kato, A Lentsch, AB AF Schuschke, DA Saari, JT Kato, A Lentsch, AB TI Copper deficiency enhances acute lung injury and metalloproteinase activity in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1097 EP A1097 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202216 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, A Klein, CJ Reynolds, HN Veillon, C Patterson, K Hill, D Douglass, LW Moser-Veillon, P AF Schweitzer, A Klein, CJ Reynolds, HN Veillon, C Patterson, K Hill, D Douglass, LW Moser-Veillon, P TI Quantification of zinc losses in trauma patients with acute renal failure SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Severna Park, MD 21146 USA. USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Klein, Catherine/F-3940-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A727 EP A727 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200081 ER PT J AU Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH AF Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH TI Cysteine, silicon and their interaction affect bone composition in the rat SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Menomonie, WI USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A972 EP A972 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201492 ER PT J AU Selhub, J Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH AF Selhub, J Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH TI Determinants of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1221 EP A1221 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202928 ER PT J AU Smith, AD Guidry, CA Morris, VC Levander, OA AF Smith, AD Guidry, CA Morris, VC Levander, OA TI Rapid determination of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities using a 96-well microplate format SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A968 EP A968 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201467 ER PT J AU Solomon, MB Brierley, PR Eastridge, JS Pursel, VG Mitchell, AD AF Solomon, MB Brierley, PR Eastridge, JS Pursel, VG Mitchell, AD TI Expression of an IGF-I transgene and dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on longissimus muscle (LM) morphology in pigs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, MSRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A962 EP A962 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201430 ER PT J AU South, PK Smith, AD Levander, OA AF South, PK Smith, AD Levander, OA TI Effects of dietary iron overload on glutathione peroxidase knock-out mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A967 EP A967 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201460 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Rasooly, R Jiang, XW Ceddia, MA Weaver, CT Chandraratna, RAS Bucy, RP AF Stephensen, CB Rasooly, R Jiang, XW Ceddia, MA Weaver, CT Chandraratna, RAS Bucy, RP TI Retinoic acid modulates ex vivo Th1/Th2 phenotype development of naive T-cells from DO11.10 T-cell receptor transgenic mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Allergan, Irvine, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1093 EP A1093 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202194 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Jacob, R Aiello, G Marquis, GS Kruzich, LA Wilson, CM AF Stephensen, CB Jacob, R Aiello, G Marquis, GS Kruzich, LA Wilson, CM CA REACH Project TI Vitamin C intake and plasma ascorbic acid in HIV plus and HIV-US adolescents and young adults in the REACH study SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A739 EP A739 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200147 ER PT J AU Tang, FY Meydani, M AF Tang, FY Meydani, M TI Green tea catechins inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro through impairment of VE-cadherin/beta-catenin complex and inactivation of AKT molecule SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Healthcare Consultat Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A949 EP A949 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201359 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Ellis, KJ Jahoor, F AF Wong, WW Ellis, KJ Jahoor, F TI Soy isoflavones may stimulate nitric oxide production and reduce lumbar spine bone loss in postmenopausal women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1088 EP A1088 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202168 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, LR Ames, BN Beckman, KB Wallock, LM Walter, PB King, JC AF Woodhouse, LR Ames, BN Beckman, KB Wallock, LM Walter, PB King, JC TI Effects of marginal zinc intake on oxidative damage and semen parameters SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CHORI, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Walter, Patrick/A-4117-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A965 EP A965 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201452 ER PT J AU Yamini, S Hiza, H Carlson, A Pratt, C AF Yamini, S Hiza, H Carlson, A Pratt, C TI Trends and prevalence of dietary supplement use in 2-9 year old US children using CSFII (1994-96, and 1998). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A984 EP A984 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201558 ER PT J AU Yao, MJ McCrory, MA Ma, GS Li, YP Tucker, KL Roberts, SB AF Yao, MJ McCrory, MA Ma, GS Li, YP Tucker, KL Roberts, SB TI Accuracy of reported energy intake in healthy Chinese adults: comparison with doubly labeled water measurements of total energy expenditure SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Nutr & Food Hyg, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A735 EP A735 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454200125 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Aldini, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Aldini, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Antioxidant nutrients in aqueous and lipid compartments of human plasma can remove free radicals generated by either hydrophilic or lipophilic radical generators SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, Milan, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A954 EP A954 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201388 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH AF Yokoi, K Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH TI Dietary sulfur amino acids and nickel deprivation affect the distribution of vitamin B-4 vitamers in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A973 EP A973 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201498 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH AF Yokoi, K Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH TI Nickel deficiency induces renal damage and hypertension in rats which is augumented by sodium chloride. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A973 EP A973 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201495 ER PT J AU Zubik, L Hladyszowski, J Meydani, M AF Zubik, L Hladyszowski, J Meydani, M TI Quantum mechanical and molecular modeling studies of soybean isoflavones: genistein, daidzein, and equol SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Warsaw Univ, Interdisciplinary Ctr Math & Comp Modelling, Warsaw, Poland. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A992 EP A992 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201605 ER PT J AU Adolfsson, O Huber, BT Meydani, SN AF Adolfsson, O Huber, BT Meydani, SN TI Vitamin E increases IL-2 production by T-cells from old mice through a post-transcriptional mechanism. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Program Immunol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A293 EP A293 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101671 ER PT J AU Aldini, G Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Krinsky, NI AF Aldini, G Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Krinsky, NI TI A selective fluorescence method to monitor aqueous and lipid plasma oxidizability SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, Milan, Italy. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A608 EP A608 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103481 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Judd, JT Muesing, R Campbell, WS Brown, ED Taylor, PR AF Baer, DJ Judd, JT Muesing, R Campbell, WS Brown, ED Taylor, PR TI Plasma lipid changes in response to moderate alcohol consumption by postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NCI, Canc Prevent & Control Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A638 EP A638 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103659 ER PT J AU Bartleson, C Tabatabai, LB AF Bartleson, C Tabatabai, LB TI Identification of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus parasuis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A533 EP A533 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103047 ER PT J AU Basiotis, PP Guthrie, JF Chanmugam, P AF Basiotis, PP Guthrie, JF Chanmugam, P TI Personal characteristics associated with estimated usual energy intakes below minimally necessary levels SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A253 EP A253 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101448 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ Hansen, CT Velasquez, MT AF Bhathena, SJ Hansen, CT Velasquez, MT TI Relationship of leptin to insulin and glycemia in a rat model of obesity (ob) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Anim Genet Resource, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A299 EP A299 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101706 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Hamel, K Neidlinger, TR AF Burri, BJ Hamel, K Neidlinger, TR TI Serum vitamin A and carotenoid concentrations in children from Tibet SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A635 EP A635 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103643 ER PT J AU Bush, JA Wu, GY Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Liu, CW Davis, TA AF Bush, JA Wu, GY Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Liu, CW Davis, TA TI Somatotropin differentially affects liver and gut urea cycle enzyme activity in growing pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A267 EP A267 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101526 ER PT J AU Chen, HL Ward, MH Graubard, BI Heineman, EF Markin, RM Potischman, NA Russell, RM Weisenburger, DD Tucker, KL AF Chen, HL Ward, MH Graubard, BI Heineman, EF Markin, RM Potischman, NA Russell, RM Weisenburger, DD Tucker, KL TI Dietary patterns and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and distal stomach SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A616 EP A616 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103530 ER PT J AU Choumenkovitch, SF Jacques, P Nadeau, M Wilson, P Rosenberg, I Selhub, J AF Choumenkovitch, SF Jacques, P Nadeau, M Wilson, P Rosenberg, I Selhub, J TI Effect of folic acid fortification on red blood cell folate status in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A620 EP A620 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103553 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Hintze, KJ Whanger, PD Finley, JW AF Davis, CD Hintze, KJ Whanger, PD Finley, JW TI Protective effects of selenium-enriched broccoli against colonic aberrant crypt formation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A62 EP A62 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438100351 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Liu, CW Jefferson, LS Kimball, SR AF Davis, TA Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Liu, CW Jefferson, LS Kimball, SR TI Insulin and amino acids independently stimulate translation initiation in neonatal muscle. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cell Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A268 EP A268 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101528 ER PT J AU Dopler-Nelson, MJ Burri, BJ Clifford, AJ AF Dopler-Nelson, MJ Burri, BJ Clifford, AJ TI Antioxidant and macronutrient consumption in the spinal cord injures patient SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A253 EP A253 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101447 ER PT J AU Ekkens, M Liu, Q Liu, ZG Fang, H Byrd, C Sharpe, AH Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Ekkens, M Liu, Q Liu, ZG Fang, H Byrd, C Sharpe, AH Urban, JF Gause, WC TI OX40L dependence of Th2 responses differs between gastrointestinal nematode parasites. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. USDA, IDRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A690 EP A690 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103962 ER PT J AU Ferreira, ALD Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Tang, GW Krinsky, NI AF Ferreira, ALD Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Tang, GW Krinsky, NI TI Enzymatic oxidative cleavage products of lycopene. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fac Med Unesp, BR-18608901 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A296 EP A296 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101689 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Davis, CD Hintze, KJ AF Finley, JW Davis, CD Hintze, KJ TI High-selenium wheat protects against colon cancer in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A62 EP A62 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438100348 ER PT J AU Gobejishvili, L Saari, JT Adeagbo, ASO Schuschke, DA AF Gobejishvili, L Saari, JT Adeagbo, ASO Schuschke, DA TI Dietary copper deficiency increases iNOS-mediated vascular relaxation in rat aorta SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A272 EP A272 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101550 ER PT J AU Hambridge, KM Huffer, JW Raboy, VE Dorsch, JA Westcott, J Adams, C Krebs, NF AF Hambridge, KM Huffer, JW Raboy, VE Dorsch, JA Westcott, J Adams, C Krebs, NF TI Zinc absorption from two low phytic acid corns. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A402 EP A402 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102296 ER PT J AU Hartman, TJ Graham, LB Parker, CE Tomer, KB Baer, DJ Brown, ED Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Hartman, TJ Graham, LB Parker, CE Tomer, KB Baer, DJ Brown, ED Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI Moderate alcohol consumption and isoprostane levels in postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A401 EP A401 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102294 ER PT J AU Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Stone, W Ponder, T Brown, ED Albanes, D Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Stone, W Ponder, T Brown, ED Albanes, D Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI Tthe effects of moderate alcohol consumption on vitamin E levels in postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. RI Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015; Stone, William/B-6499-2008 OI Stone, William/0000-0002-6829-0417 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A261 EP A261 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101492 ER PT J AU Hays, NP Bathalon, GP Roubenoff, R Roberts, SB AF Hays, NP Bathalon, GP Roubenoff, R Roberts, SB TI Eating behavior correlates of health disorders in women aged 55-65 years SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A399 EP A399 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102280 ER PT J AU Hiza, HA AF Hiza, HA TI Dietary and anthropometric predictors of blood pressure: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A264 EP A264 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101505 ER PT J AU Howe, JC Holden, JM Trainer, D Buege, D Douglass, L Lofgren, P AF Howe, JC Holden, JM Trainer, D Buege, D Douglass, L Lofgren, P TI Revision of nutrient values, yields and retentions for retail ground beef products. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Cattlemens Beef Assoc, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A260 EP A260 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101481 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT AF Johnson, WT TI Mitochondrial oxidative stress may contribute to the induction of hepatic heme oxygenase-1 in copper deficient rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A271 EP A271 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101547 ER PT J AU Judd, JT Baer, DJ Clevidence, BA Muesing, RA Chen, SC Meijer, GW AF Judd, JT Baer, DJ Clevidence, BA Muesing, RA Chen, SC Meijer, GW TI Dietary fat and fatty acids and plasma lipid modifying effects of sterol esters. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Lipton, Baltimore, MD 21229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A639 EP A639 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103666 ER PT J AU Kaufer-Horwitz, M Valdes-Ramos, R Bermudez, OI Anderson, AS Willett, WC Solomons, NW AF Kaufer-Horwitz, M Valdes-Ramos, R Bermudez, OI Anderson, AS Willett, WC Solomons, NW TI A diamond is a pyramid turned upside down: Comparative messages and assumptions of dietary guideline emblems worldwide. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Nacl Perinatol, Mexico City 11000, DF, Mexico. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Dundee, Dundee, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/A-3789-2015 OI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/0000-0003-3489-6899 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A624 EP A624 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103577 ER PT J AU Kehayias, JJ Sheahan, CA Waitekus, AB O'Neill, M Stamatelatos, IE AF Kehayias, JJ Sheahan, CA Waitekus, AB O'Neill, M Stamatelatos, IE TI Field methods for body composition: Validation of rapid extracellular water space assessment against instrumental neutron activation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Technol, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A252 EP A252 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101440 ER PT J AU Kimura, K Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA AF Kimura, K Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA TI Parturition blunts calcium signals in immune cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A704 EP A704 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438104046 ER PT J AU Klemeke, HG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Klemeke, HG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Cortisol influences on porcine embryonic development SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A70 EP A70 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438100398 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM AF Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM TI Copper deficiency decreases plasma testosterone(T) in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A272 EP A272 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101552 ER PT J AU Koci, MD Larsen, DL Kelley, LA Schultz-Cherry, S AF Koci, MD Larsen, DL Kelley, LA Schultz-Cherry, S TI Effect of astrovirus infection on turkey macrophages SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A649 EP A649 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103726 ER PT J AU Kristal, BS Vigneau-Callahan, KE Shi, HL Matson, W Milbury, PE AF Kristal, BS Vigneau-Callahan, KE Shi, HL Matson, W Milbury, PE TI Diet-dependent metabolic serotypes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Burke Med Res Inst, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. ESA Inc, Chelmsford, MA USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A63 EP A63 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438100354 ER PT J AU Kurowska, EM Guthrie, N Manthey, JA AF Kurowska, EM Guthrie, N Manthey, JA TI Hypolipidemic activities of tangeretin, a flavonoid from tangerines, in vitro and in vivo. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 KGK Synergize Inc, London, ON N6G 4X8, Canada. USDA ARS, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A395 EP A395 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102260 ER PT J AU Larsen, DL Koci, MD Kelley, LA Schultz-Cherry, S AF Larsen, DL Koci, MD Kelley, LA Schultz-Cherry, S TI Humoral immune reponses during Astrovirus infection in turkey poults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A311 EP A311 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101776 ER PT J AU Laufer, EM Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Gunter, E Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Brown, ED Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Laufer, EM Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Gunter, E Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Brown, ED Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI The effects of moderate alcohol consumption on serum folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A262 EP A262 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101498 ER PT J AU Lin, BH Guthrie, JF AF Lin, BH Guthrie, JF TI Age-related changes in milk and soft drink consumption patterns among children and adolescents SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A622 EP A622 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103565 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Callender, C Liu, ZG Pesce, J Urban, J Gause, WC AF Liu, Q Callender, C Liu, ZG Pesce, J Urban, J Gause, WC TI Blocking CD28 and STAT6 simultaneously abrogates the Th2 response resulting in increased opportunistic infections SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. USDA, IDRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A690 EP A690 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103964 ER PT J AU Liu, ZG Liu, Q Fang, H Ekkens, MJ Sharpe, AH Urban, J Gause, WC AF Liu, ZG Liu, Q Fang, H Ekkens, MJ Sharpe, AH Urban, J Gause, WC TI T cell dependent host protection and cytokine production but not humoral immunity is B7-independent in the Th2 immune response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. USDA, IDRL, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A689 EP A689 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103956 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Vanderpool, RA Johnson, PE AF Lukaski, HC Vanderpool, RA Johnson, PE TI Decreased exchangeable copper after exercise in men fed diets varying in copper content SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A416 EP A416 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102377 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Roubenoff, R Fuss, PJ Munoz-Orians, L Castaneda, C AF McCrory, MA Roubenoff, R Fuss, PJ Munoz-Orians, L Castaneda, C TI Comparison of methods for measuring body composition responses to progressive resistance training in Hispanic elders with type 2 diabetes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A252 EP A252 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101443 ER PT J AU Medina, EA Horn, WF Keim, NL AF Medina, EA Horn, WF Keim, NL TI C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels decrease with weight loss in overweight women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Human Anat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Horn, William/B-8332-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A301 EP A301 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101716 ER PT J AU Meydani, M Koga, T Zubik, L Ameho, C Kwan, P Meyer, J AF Meydani, M Koga, T Zubik, L Ameho, C Kwan, P Meyer, J TI Vitamin E (E) supplementation reduces macrophage accumulation and suppresses endothelial cell (EC) expression of adhesion molecules in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A246 EP A246 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101405 ER PT J AU Morimoto, M Zarlenga, D Beard, H Matthews, B Urban, JF AF Morimoto, M Zarlenga, D Beard, H Matthews, B Urban, JF TI cDNA microarray analysis of 4th stage larvae (L4) of Ascaris suum SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A691 EP A691 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103971 ER PT J AU Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, J LaComb, R AF Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, J LaComb, R TI Iron and zinc in American diets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A622 EP A622 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103566 ER PT J AU Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, J LaComb, R Perloff, B Cleveland, L AF Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, J LaComb, R Perloff, B Cleveland, L TI Research results using the new automated multiple-pass method SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A278 EP A278 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101587 ER PT J AU Mukherjea, R Rumpler, W Douglass, LW Zavitsky, TC Moser-Veillon, PB AF Mukherjea, R Rumpler, W Douglass, LW Zavitsky, TC Moser-Veillon, PB TI Leptin in energy expenditure and substrate utilization during lactation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A598 EP A598 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103428 ER PT J AU Paape, MJ Wang, Y Zarlenga, D Dahl, G AF Paape, MJ Wang, Y Zarlenga, D Dahl, G TI Recombinant bovine soluble CD14 (rbosCD14) sensitizes mammary gland to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Animal & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A679 EP A679 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103896 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, JB TI Effect of flavonoids on glucose uptake in the CHO cells overexpressing glucose transporters. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A285 EP A285 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101626 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, JB TI Cell cycle specific expression of human ribonucleotide reductase R2 subunit. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A7 EP A7 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438100035 ER PT J AU Pratt, CA Basiotis, P Yamini, S Davis, C AF Pratt, CA Basiotis, P Yamini, S Davis, C TI Dietary quality among obese and normal weight individuals with or without hypertension. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A275 EP A275 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101571 ER PT J AU Prieto, RP Bagley, PJ Selhub, J AF Prieto, RP Bagley, PJ Selhub, J TI Combined affinity and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of folic acid in fortified cereal-grain products SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ San Pablo, CEU, Madrid, Spain. Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A260 EP A260 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101484 ER PT J AU Sacheck, JM Milbury, P Walter, MF Blumberg, JB Roubenoff, R AF Sacheck, JM Milbury, P Walter, MF Blumberg, JB Roubenoff, R TI The effect of eccentric exercise on acute-phase response oxidative stress and cytokines in young and elderly men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A417 EP A417 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102381 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MC Askew, EW Prior, RL Roberts, DE Ensign, WY Hesslink, RE AF Schmidt, MC Askew, EW Prior, RL Roberts, DE Ensign, WY Hesslink, RE TI Correspondence between serum antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress indicators in blood, breath and urine. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marcos, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A609 EP A609 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103492 ER PT J AU Seale, J Clevidence, B Rumpler, W Judd, J Yamamoto, S Komatsu, T Sawaki, T Hosoda, K AF Seale, J Clevidence, B Rumpler, W Judd, J Yamamoto, S Komatsu, T Sawaki, T Hosoda, K TI 24-Hour energy expenditure of US men consuming Oolong tea and caffeine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tokushima, Dept Nutr, Tokushima, Japan. Suntory Ltd, Suntory Res Ctr, Osaka, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A287 EP A287 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101640 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Harp, JA Pesch, B AF Stabel, JR Harp, JA Pesch, B TI Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis on immune cell phenotype. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A309 EP A309 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101765 ER PT J AU Sumner, LJ Johnson, WT AF Sumner, LJ Johnson, WT TI Copper deficiency in HL-60 cells increases their susceptibility to apoptosis when treated with antioxidants SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A271 EP A271 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101545 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV O'Connor, PMJ Bush, JA Liu, CW Davis, TA AF Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV O'Connor, PMJ Bush, JA Liu, CW Davis, TA TI Insulin and amino acids regulate the insulin signaling pathway leading to translation initiation in neonatal muscle SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A268 EP A268 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101531 ER PT J AU Tabatabai, LB Gephart, JM Post, KW AF Tabatabai, LB Gephart, JM Post, KW TI Two Lys-C endoprotease peptide fragments from a major immunoreactive protein from Haemophilus parasuis are homologous to H. influenzae elongation factor Tu (EFTU). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. N Carolina Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Rollins Anim Dis Diagnos, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A534 EP A534 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103056 ER PT J AU Tchack, L Wood, RJ AF Tchack, L Wood, RJ TI 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D induces expression of the human epithelial calcium channel (hECaC) mRNA in the Caco-2 intestinal cell line SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A59 EP A59 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438100332 ER PT J AU Tejero, ME Nelson, CM Freeland-Graves, J Lapillonne, A Heird, W Clarke, SD AF Tejero, ME Nelson, CM Freeland-Graves, J Lapillonne, A Heird, W Clarke, SD TI Omega-3 fatty acids of fish oil function as fuel partitioners by reducing body fat deposition and increasing lean growth SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Div Nutr Sci, Austin, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A289 EP A289 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101653 ER PT J AU Urban, JF Schopf, L Madden, KB Noben-Trauth, N Finkelman, FD AF Urban, JF Schopf, L Madden, KB Noben-Trauth, N Finkelman, FD TI Nematode biology determines the requirement for expression of IL-4 receptor (R)alpha chain on lymphoid and/or non-lymphoid cells that regulate intestinal expulsion. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, NIAID, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A690 EP A690 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103963 ER PT J AU Xiu, M Huang, CY Paulson, KE AF Xiu, M Huang, CY Paulson, KE TI The transcriptional repressor HBP1 is a target of the p38 MAP kinase pathway in regulation of intracellular GSH SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A604 EP A604 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103458 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW AF Zeng, HW TI The effect of arsenic on the selenium-induced cell death pathway SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A604 EP A604 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103461 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Liaugaudas, G Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Bostom, AG Liaugaudas, G Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Total homocysteine lowering treatment among coronary artery disease patients in the era of folic acid fortified cereal grain flour SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 6 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 9 MA P86 BP 1367 EP 1367 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 412NX UT WOS:000167562200146 ER PT J AU Yango, A Shemin, D Dworkin, L Jacques, PF Selhub, J Bostom, AG AF Yango, A Shemin, D Dworkin, L Jacques, PF Selhub, J Bostom, AG TI Controlled comparison of L-folinic acid versus folic acid for the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 6 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 9 MA P85 BP 1367 EP 1367 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 412NX UT WOS:000167562200145 ER PT J AU Nettleton, WD Olson, CG Wysocki, DA AF Nettleton, WD Olson, CG Wysocki, DA TI Paleosol classification: problems and solutions (vol 41, pg 61, 2000) SO CATENA LA English DT Correction C1 USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Olson, CG (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, NSSC, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAR 5 PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 161 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00159-4 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 406BY UT WOS:000167196100005 ER PT J AU Falge, E Baldocchi, D Olson, R Anthoni, P Aubinet, M Bernhofer, C Burba, G Ceulemans, R Clement, R Dolman, H Granier, A Gross, P Grunwald, T Hollinger, D Jensen, NO Katul, G Keronen, P Kowalski, A Lai, CT Law, BE Meyers, T Moncrieff, H Moors, E Munger, JW Pilegaard, K Rannik, U Rebmann, C Suyker, A Tenhunen, J Tu, K Verma, S Vesala, T Wilson, K Wofsy, S AF Falge, E Baldocchi, D Olson, R Anthoni, P Aubinet, M Bernhofer, C Burba, G Ceulemans, R Clement, R Dolman, H Granier, A Gross, P Grunwald, T Hollinger, D Jensen, NO Katul, G Keronen, P Kowalski, A Lai, CT Law, BE Meyers, T Moncrieff, H Moors, E Munger, JW Pilegaard, K Rannik, U Rebmann, C Suyker, A Tenhunen, J Tu, K Verma, S Vesala, T Wilson, K Wofsy, S TI Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLUXNET; EUROFLUX; AmeriFlux; eddy covariance; F-NEE; data filling; interpolation techniques ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE ECOSYSTEM; MODELING CARBON-DIOXIDE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SOIL RESPIRATION; TALL VEGETATION; BEECH FOREST; FLUXES; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE AB Heightened awareness of global change issues within both science and political communities has increased interest in using the global network of eddy covariance flux towers to more fully understand the impacts of natural and anthropogenic phenomena on the global carbon balance. Comparisons of net ecosystem exchange (F-NEE) responses are being made among biome types, phenology patterns, and stress conditions. The comparisons are usually performed on annual sums of F-NEE; however, the average data coverage during a year is only 65%. Therefore, robust and consistent gap filling methods are required. We review several methods of gap filling and apply them to data sets available from the EUROFLUX and AmeriFlux databases. The methods are based on mean diurnal variation (MDV), look-up tables LookUp, and nonlinear regressions (Regr.), and the impact of different gap filling methods on the annual sum of FNEE is investigated. The difference between annual F-NEE filled by MDV compared to F-NEE filled by Regr. ranged from -45 to +200 g C m(-2) per year (MDV-Regr.). Comparing LookUp and Regr. methods resulted in a difference (LookUp-Regr.) ranging from -30 to +150g Cm-2 per year. We also investigated the impact of replacing measurements at night, when turbulent mixing is insufficient. The nighttime correction for low friction velocities (u(*)) shifted annual F-NEE on average by +77 g C m(-2) per year, but in certain cases as much as +185 g C m-2 per year. Our results emphasize the need to standardize gap filling-methods for improving the comparability of flux data products from regional and global flux networks. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, SPM, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Fac Sci Agron Gembloux, Unite Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Tech Univ Dresden, IHM Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Lab Plant Ecol, Dept Biol, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. INRA, Unite Ecophysiol Forestiere, F-54280 Seichamps, France. USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Plant Biol & Biogeochem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Falge, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, SPM, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RI Pilegaard, Kim/I-7137-2013; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Ceulemans, Reinhart/F-2109-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Burba, George/G-9991-2014; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Kowalski, Andrew/A-7515-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012 OI Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457; Pilegaard, Kim/0000-0002-5169-5717; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Kowalski, Andrew/0000-0001-9777-9708; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887 NR 49 TC 877 Z9 1006 U1 16 U2 203 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 107 IS 1 BP 43 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00225-2 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406AE UT WOS:000167192100003 ER PT J AU Falge, E Baldocchi, D Olson, R Anthoni, P Aubinet, M Bernhofer, C Burba, G Ceulemans, G Clement, R Dolman, H Granier, A Gross, P Grunwald, T Hollinger, D Jensen, NO Katul, G Keronen, P Kowalski, A Lai, CT Law, BE Meyers, T Moncrieff, J Moors, E Munger, JW Pilegaard, K Rannik, U Rebmann, C Suyker, A Tenhunen, J Tu, K Verma, S Vesala, T Wilson, K Wofsy, S AF Falge, E Baldocchi, D Olson, R Anthoni, P Aubinet, M Bernhofer, C Burba, G Ceulemans, G Clement, R Dolman, H Granier, A Gross, P Grunwald, T Hollinger, D Jensen, NO Katul, G Keronen, P Kowalski, A Lai, CT Law, BE Meyers, T Moncrieff, J Moors, E Munger, JW Pilegaard, K Rannik, U Rebmann, C Suyker, A Tenhunen, J Tu, K Verma, S Vesala, T Wilson, K Wofsy, S TI Gap filling strategies for long term energy flux data sets SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLUXNET; EUROFLUX; AmeriFlux; eddy covariance; latent heat; sensible heat; data filling; interpolation techniques ID EDDY-COVARIANCE; CARBON; EXCHANGE; FOREST AB At present a network of over 100 field sites are measuring carbon dioxide, water vapor and sensible heat fluxes between the biosphere and atmosphere, on a nearly continuous basis. Gaps in the long term measurements of evaporation and sensible heat flux must be filled before these data can be used for hydrological and meteorological applications. We adapted methods of gap filling for NEE (net ecosystem exchange of carbon) to energy fluxes and applied them to data sets available from the EUROFLUX and AmeriFlux eddy covariance databases. The average data coverage for the sites selected was 69% and 75% for latent heat (lambdaE) and sensible heat (H). The methods were based on mean diurnal variations (half-hourly binned means of fluxes based on previous and subsequent days, MDV) and look-up tables for fluxes during assorted meteorological conditions (LookUp), and the impact of different gap filling methods on the annual sum of lambdaE and H is investigated. The difference between annual lambdaE filled by MDV and lambdaE filled by LookUp ranged from -120 to 210 MJ m(-2) per year, i.e. -48 to +86 mm per year, or -13 to +39% of the annual sum. For annual sums of H differences between - 140 and +140 MJ m(-2) per year or -12 to +19% of the annual sum were found. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Platn Biol & Biogeochem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. INRA, Unite Ecophysiol Forestiere, F-54280 Seichamps, France. Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Biol, Plant Biol Lab, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resouce Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, IHM Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. Fac Sci Agron Gembloux, Unite Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Falge, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; Pilegaard, Kim/I-7137-2013; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Burba, George/G-9991-2014; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Kowalski, Andrew/A-7515-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; Pilegaard, Kim/0000-0002-5169-5717; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Kowalski, Andrew/0000-0001-9777-9708; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 12 TC 261 Z9 317 U1 4 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 107 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00235-5 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406AE UT WOS:000167192100004 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Muchow, RC AF Sinclair, TR Muchow, RC TI System analysis of plant traits to increase grain yield on limited water supplies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency adn Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID ARID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVITY; USE EFFICIENCY; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; CERES-MAIZE; LEAF GROWTH; SOIL-WATER; SORGHUM; NITROGEN; DROUGHT AB Crop growth in commercial situations usually requires maximizing grain yield on limited available water resources, which results in maximizing the ratio of yield to evapotranspiration. A system analysis was undertaken to identify those plant traits that might be altered to improve crop yield in a water-limited environment. A mechanistic crop model was used to simulate maize (Zea mays L,) field over 20 yr at Columbia, MO, which had high interannual variability in precipitation. Because sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is known to be better adapted to drier environments, a number of individual plant traits were adjusted in the maize model to represent a sorghum crop, For tire tested environments, it was found that decreasing leaf size and increasing seed growth rate both resulted in decreased yield and a decreased ratio of grain yield to evapotranspiration, On the other hand, increasing the depth of water extraction resulted in increased yields and an increased ratio of grain field to evapotranspiration. Combining sorghum-like traits in the maize model also increased yield and the ratio of grain yield to evapotranspiration when averaged for all years. For all seasons where simulated yield was less than approximately 550 g m(-2), grain yields were greater for a crop with sorghum-like traits than for a crop with maize traits. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. CSIRO, Cunningham Lab, Div Trop Crops & Pastures, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 28 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400001 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL Sauer, TJ Prueger, JH AF Hatfield, JL Sauer, TJ Prueger, JH TI Managing soils to achieve greater water use efficiency: A review SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency adn Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID PRECIPITATION USE EFFICIENCY; GRAIN-SORGHUM PRODUCTION; DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEM; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; NO-TILL; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; PEARL-MILLET; WINTER-WHEAT; HIGH-PLAINS AB Water use efficiency (WUE) represents a given level of biomass or grain yield per unit of water used by the crop. With increasing concern about the availability of water resources in both irrigated and rainfed agriculture, there is renewed interest in trying to develop an understanding of how WUE can be improved and how farming systems can be modified to be more efficient in water use. This review and synthesis of the literature is directed toward understanding the role of soil management practices for WUE. Soil management practices affect the processes of evapotranspiration by modifying the available energy, the available water in the soil profile, or the exchange rate between the soil and the atmosphere. Plant management practices, e.g., the addition of N and P, have an indirect effect on water use through the physiological efficiency of the plant. A survey of the literature reveals a large variation in measured WUE across a range of climates, crops, and soil management practices. It is possible to increase WUE by 25 to 40% through soil management practices that involve tillage. Overall, precipitation use efficiency can be enhanced through adoption of more intensive cropping systems in semiarid environments and increased plant populations in more temperate and humid environments. Modifying nutrient management practices can increase WUE by 15 to 25%. Water use efficiency can be increased through proper management, and field-scale experiences show that these changes positively affect crop yield. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 77 TC 218 Z9 236 U1 20 U2 124 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 271 EP 280 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400002 ER PT J AU Howell, TA AF Howell, TA TI Enhancing water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency and Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT ID CROP PRODUCTION; YIELD; CORN; PLAINS AB Irrigated agriculture is a vital component of total agriculture and supplies many of the fruits, vegetables, and cereal foods consumed by humans; the grains fed to animals that are used as human food; and the feed to sustain animals for work in many parts of the world. Irrigation worldwide was practiced on about 263 Mha in 1996, and about 49% of the world's irrigation occurred in India, China, and the USA. The objectives of this paper are to (i) review irrigation worldwide in its ability to meet our growing needs for food production, (ii) review irrigation trends in the USA, (iii) discuss various concepts that define water use efficiency (WUE) in irrigated agriculture from both engineering and agronomic viewpoints, and (iv) discuss the impacts of enhanced WUE on water conservation, Scarcely one-third of our rainfall, surface water, or ground water is used to produce plants that are useful to mankind. Without appropriate management, irrigated agriculture can be detrimental to the environment and endanger sustainability, Irrigated agriculture is facing growing competition for low-cost, high-quality water. In irrigated agriculture, WUE is broader in scope than most agronomic applications and must be considered on a watershed, basin, irrigation district, or catchment scale. The main pathways for enhancing WUE in irrigated agriculture are to increase the output per unit of water (engineering and agronomic management aspects), reduce losses of water to unusable sinks, reduce water degradation (environmental aspects), and reallocate water to higher priority uses (societal aspects). C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Howell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM tahowell@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 239 Z9 257 U1 12 U2 100 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400003 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Varvel, G Doran, J AF Liebig, MA Varvel, G Doran, J TI A simple performance-based index for assessing multiple agroecosystem functions SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency adn Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID SOIL QUALITY; CROP YIELD; NITROGEN RATE; ORGANIC-MATTER; ROTATION; CORN AB Evaluating the impact agricultural practices have on agroecosystem functions is essential to determine the sustainability of management systems. This paper presents an approach to determine the relative sustainability of agricultural practices. A simple ranking procedure using a relative scoring method is proposed to discriminate among treatments based on the status of crop and soil parameters within different agroecosystem functions. Summing scores across agroecosystem functions allows for the identification of agricultural practices that are performing optimally based on functions included in the procedure. An example, using data from a long-term cropping systems experiment in the western Corn Belt, found the indexing procedure to successfully discern differences in overall performance across four agroecosystem functions between conventional [continuous corn (Zea mays L.) cropping sequence at a fertilization rate of 180 kg N ha-l] and alternative {corn-oat (Avena saliva L.) + clover (Trifolium pratense L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-soybean [Glycine mau (L.) Merr.] cropping sequence at a fertilization rate of 90 kg N ha(-1)} management systems. The simplicity, inclusiveness, and inherent flexibility of the indexing procedure can be considered benefits and drawbacks, depending on the point of view taken. Data requirements of the approach, however, are stringent. Consequently, its most appropriate use may be with data from long-term agroecosystem experiments. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conserv Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, 1701 10th Ave SW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 31 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400007 ER PT J AU Unger, PW AF Unger, PW TI Paper pellets as a mulch for dryland grain sorghum production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency adn Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID NO-TILLAGE; WATER STORAGE; STRAW-MULCH; WHEAT; YIELD AB Some landfills no longer accept waste paper for disposal; thus, alternative means are needed. One would be to apply pelleted paper to cropland as a mulch. This field study was conducted to determine effects of a paper pellet mulch on soil water storage and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yield. Mulch rates were 0 (check), 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha(-1). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue condition (retained or removed) and tillage (sweep or no-tillage) treatments were included. Pellet applications did not affect water storage or sorghum yields, apparently because pellets absorbed precipitation, which resulted in similar evaporation from bare and mulched soils. Residue and tillage treatments had little effect on water storage and sorghum yield. Soil C concentrations were greater in mulched than bare soil in one case, but some pellet material remained, suggesting further decomposition could increase soil C. Pellet applications resulted in greater aggregate mean weight diameters and lower percent ages of small aggregates. These improved conditions could improve the soil's long-term productivity. Because crop productivity was not harmed, waste paper (e.g., pellets as used in this study) can be disposed of on cropland. However, shallow paper incorporation may be a better practice than surface applications because it should hasten its decomposition and, thereby, more rapidly improve soil conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Unger, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 349 EP 357 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400012 ER PT J AU Wei, W Alldredge, JR Young, DL Young, FL AF Wei, W Alldredge, JR Young, DL Young, FL TI Downsizing an integrated crop management field study affects economic and biological results SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency adn Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WINTER-WHEAT; WEED MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; TILLAGE AB In recent years, there has been increased interest in long-term, field-scale cropping systems research to improve pest management, to protect air and soil quality, and to increase or maintain growers' profits. However, these studies require large tracts of land; sizeable labor forces, and substantial inventories of equipment, which make them very expensive to conduct. Because of recent concerns about reducing field research casts, this study. compares economic and biological results from an original complete 6-yr integrated cropping management (ICM) systems field study to results from several downsized experiments, which were components of the :complete study. Compared with the original ICM study, the downsized experiments reduced the number of treatment replications from four to three, reduced the number of crop rotation cycles from two to one (from 6 to 3 yr), or only grew one crop per rotation each year. The effect of downsizing on the profitability analysis and the statistical (biological) analysis were similar. Reducing replications altered both profitability and biological conclusions less than reducing the number of rotation cycles. Reducing crop rotation cycles markedly altered treatment profitability rankings compared with the complete study. Growing only one crop in a rotation per year was the most detrimental to biological results and entirely precluded computing mean annual cropping system profitability. This empirical study supports the importance of replicating treatments fully over time, over space, and over crop rotational positions. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Young, FL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400021 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Roth, GW Soder, KJ Schnabel, RR AF Rotz, CA Roth, GW Soder, KJ Schnabel, RR TI Economic and environmental implications of soybean production and use on Pennsylvania dairy farms SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency adn Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID ROASTED SOYBEANS; ROTATION; YIELD; MODEL; COWS; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; GRAIN AB Soybean (Glycine max L.) production is rapidly increasing on Pennsylvania dairy farms. A whole-farm analysis was conducted to determine the potential long-term economic benefit-to producers and the environmental impact of growing and feeding soybean as a protein feed supplement, Representative dairy farms were simulated with various production strategies for 25 yr of Pennsylvania weather using the Dairy Forage System Model (DAFOSYM). Production of soybean as a cash crop increased annual farm net return by up to $55 cow(-1) when ample cropland was available to produce most of the feed requirement of the herd. With a more restricted land base, there was less economic benefit to shifting land from corn (Zea mays L,) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production to soybean. When the soybean vies fed in a raw or roasted form, most of this economic benefit was offset, giving an increase in annual net return of <$15 cow(-1). There was also little environmental benefit (reduced N loss or soil P accumulation) in growing soybean as a cash crop or feed on;dairy farms. In general, the current trend toward producing and feeding soybean on Pennsylvania dairy farms does not appear to provide substantial longterm economic benefit to the producer, nor does it appear to reduce the potential impact of the farm on its environment. However, under specific farming practices such as inefficient feeding of protein supplements or the production and feeding of high corn silage rations, an economic benefit of up to $100 cow(-1) tan be obtained through soybean production and feeding. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 418 EP 428 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400022 ER PT J AU Clapham, WM Fedders, JM Belesky, DP Foster, JG AF Clapham, WM Fedders, JM Belesky, DP Foster, JG TI Developmental dynamics of forage chicory SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency adn Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID CICHORIUM-INTYBUS L; GRASSLANDS-PUNA CHICORY; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; REGROWTH; QUALITY AB Most studies on forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) are empirical, and very little information exists regarding the growth of chicory as it relates to development, productivity, persistence, and stand age. Development of uncut 'Grasslands Puna' chicory was studied in southern West Virginia on previously established plots at the Scott Farm in 1997 and 1998 and on 1-yr-old plantings at the Plumley Farm in 1998 and 1999. Chicory developmental parameters were modeled as a function of growing degree days (GDD) from Calendar Day 90 using a base of 5 degreesC. On average, only 58% of the chicory plants became reproductive in any single growing season or location after the establishment year. Mean time to initiation of bolting and first open flower occurred consistently at approximately 400 and 1030 GDD, respectively, across locations and Sears. The indeterminate meristem of vegetative plants continuously produced leaves of relatively uniform mature area throughout the growing season. In comparison, the determinate meristem of reproductive plants rapidly expressed progressively smaller leaves on the main stem from initiation of bolting only until the time of first open newer. The developmental data herein create a framework with which to begin optimizing strategies for pasture and livestock grazing management of forage chicory. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Clapham, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 443 EP 450 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400025 ER PT J AU Berdahl, JD Karn, JF Hendrickson, JR AF Berdahl, JD Karn, JF Hendrickson, JR TI Dry matter yields of cool-season grass monocultures and grass-alfalfa binary mixtures SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency adn Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS; REGISTRATION; FIXATION; LEGUMES; DRYLAND AB Cultivars used in grass-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixtures for hay production in the semiarid Northern Great Plains have often lacked long-term productivity. This study was conducted to compare dry matter (DM) yields of grass monocultures and grass-alfalfa binary mixtures receiving annual applications of 0 and 50 kg N ha(-1) over a 5-yr period. 'Reliant' and 'Manska' intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. and Dewey],'Lincoln' smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.),'Nordan' crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.],'Lodorm' green needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.), and 'Dacotah' switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were seeded in monoculture and in binary mixtures with 'Range-lander' alfalfa [Medicago sativa subsp. x varia (Martyn) Arcang.] on a Parshall fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid, Pachic Haplustolls) near Mandan, ND. Plant stands of green needlegrass and switchgrass were inadequate, and yields were not measured. Total seasonal DM yields from two cuttings averaged 8.74 and 2.71 Mg ha(-1), respectively, for grass-alfalfa mixtures and grass monocultures at 0 kg N ha(-1). At 50 kg N ha(-1) grass-alfalfa mixtures and grass monocultures averaged 8.72 and 5.04 Mg ha(-1) DM yield, respectively. Yields of the grass component of first cut grass-alfalfa mixtures averaged 35% of total yield for intermediate wheatgrass, 33% of total yield for smooth bromegrass, and 30% of total yield for crested wheatgrass in the fifth production year. Cultivars included in this study, except those of green needlegrass and switchgrass, would be suited for use in binary grass-alfalfa mixtures for dryland hay production in the Northern Great Plains. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Berdahl, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 463 EP 467 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400028 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Turner, KE Fedders, JM Ruckle, JM AF Belesky, DP Turner, KE Fedders, JM Ruckle, JM TI Mineral composition of swards containing forage chicory SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improving Crop Water Use Efficiency adn Yield CY NOV 02, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID NUTRITIVE-VALUE; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN AB Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), a highly productive forage under midsummer conditions in the eastern USA, often has higher concentrations of minerals relative to grasses and legumes. Low concentrations of minerals in herbage could reduce production efficiency or create metabolic disorders in livestock. information on the mineral composition of chicory is limited, but it is needed to improve our understanding of nutritive value and inputs required to sustain chicory production, especially where high rates of N are applied. We conducted field experiments for 3 yr On a Ramsey soil (Loamy, siliceous, subactive, mesic Lithic Dystrudept) in southern West Virginia to determine (i) response to increasing fertilizer K and (ii) production of chicory as a component of swards, including grass and legume as a function of clipping frequency. Mineral concentrations and uptake in available herbage generally increased as N rate increased and were influenced by the botanical composition of the award. As chicory content decreased in the sward, so did mineral concentrations and uptake. Changes in sward composition associated with chicory influenced important mineral ratios such as N/S, Ca/P, and KI(Ca + Mg) cation equivalent ratio that have significant bearing on livestock health and production efficiency. Clipping frequency and N inputs influenced chicory persistence and ultimately the mineral composition of the sward. Active accumulation of minerals indicates the need for high nutrient input to sustain production, especially on soils with marginal fertility Health problems associated with mineral nutrient concentrations probably would be minimal in livestock grazing swards that include chicory. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 468 EP 475 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 419VL UT WOS:000167969400029 ER PT J AU Kemp, WP Bosch, J AF Kemp, WP Bosch, J TI Bees in your backyard SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB During the spring and summer, ther's a lot going on in your backyard, specially if you have a garden. With just about any consumable that you grow, for example, tree fruits, tomatoes, peppers, squash, zucchini, berries, beans, etc., there are benefits from pollinators, principally bees. Garden crops like pumpkins, squash, zucchini,and cucumbers will not form fruits at all without a pollinator in the picture. Others like melons, eggplant, peppers, and tomatoes, that may set a few fruits by themselves, benefit greatly from pollinator visits, and a number of studies have demonstrated improvements in fruit size and quality. More pollinators in your backyard garden means more pollen moved and larger and better tasting fruits and vegetables. If you are a professional or hobbyist beekeeper, the solution to increasing pollinators in your backyard is easily accomplished. Another option you may wish to consider is encouraging wild bees. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kemp, WP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 141 IS 3 BP 183 EP 185 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 419ZM UT WOS:000167979500020 ER PT J AU Orr, AR Kaparthi, R Dewald, CL Sundberg, MD AF Orr, AR Kaparthi, R Dewald, CL Sundberg, MD TI Analysis of inflorescence organogenesis in Eastern gamagrass, Tripsacum dactyloides (Poaceae): The wild type and the gynomonoecious GSF1 mutant SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE development; Eastern gamagrass; gynomonoecious mutant; inflorescence; organogenesis; Poaceae; Tripsacum dactyloides ID ZEA-DIPLOPERENNIS POACEAE; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; MAIZE POACEAE; TEOSINTE; MAYS; GENE; EAR; CONSEQUENCES; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION AB Inflorescence organogenesis of a wild-type and a gynomonoecious (pistillate) mutant in Tripsacum dactyloides was studied using scanning electron microscopy. SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis indicated that wild-type T, dactyloides (Eastern gamagrass) expressed a pattern of inflorescence organogenesis that is observed in other members of the subtribe Tripsacinae (Zea: maize and teosinte), family Poaceae. Branch primordia are initiated acropetally along the rachis of wild-type inflorescences in a distichous arrangement. Branch primordia at the base of some inflorescences develop into long branches, which themselves produce an acropetal series of distichous spikelet pair primordia. All other branch primordia function as spikelet pair primordia and bifurcate into pedicellate and sessile spikelet primordia. In an wild-type inflorescences development of the pedicellate spikelets is arrested in the proximal portion of the rachis, and these spikelets abort, leaving two rows of solitary sessile spikelets. Organogenesis of spikelets and florets in wild-type inflorescences is similar to that previously described in maize and the teosintes. Our analysis of gsfl mutant inflorescences reveals a pattern of development similar to that of the wild type, but differs from the wild type in retaining (1) the pistillate condition in paired spikelets along the distal portion of the rachis and (2) the lower floret in sessile spikelets in the proximal region of the rachis. The gsfl mutation blocks gynoecial tissue abortion in both the paired-spikelet and the unpaired-spikelet zone. This study supports the hypothesis that both femaleness and maleness in Zea and Tripsacum inflorescences are derived from a common developmental pathway. The pattern of inflorescence development is not inconsistent with the View that the maize ear was derived from a Tripsacum genomic background. C1 Univ No Iowa, Dept Biol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. Emporia State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Orr, AR (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, Dept Biol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 88 IS 3 BP 363 EP 381 DI 10.2307/2657100 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 413DQ UT WOS:000167595000001 PM 11250814 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Bostom, AG Wilson, PWF Rich, S Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Jacques, PF Bostom, AG Wilson, PWF Rich, S Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Determinants of plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; diet; folate; vitamin B-12; creatinine; smoking; caffeine; alcohol consumption; hypertension; epidemiology ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; WOMEN AGED 65; FOLIC-ACID; HORDALAND HOMOCYSTEINE; SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI AB Background: Established determinants of fasting total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration include folate and vitamin B-12 status, serum creatinine concentration, and renal function. Objective: Our objective was to examine the relation between known and suspected determinants of fasting plasma tHcy in a population-based cohort. Design: We examined the relations between fasting plasma tHcy concentrations and nutritional and other health factors in 1960 men and women, aged 28-82 y, from the fifth examination cycle of the Framingham Offspring Study between 1991 and 1994, before the implementation of folic acid fortification. Results: Geometric mean tHcy was 11% higher in men than in women and 23% higher in persons aged greater than or equal to 65 y than in persons aged <45 y (P < 0.001). tHcy was associated with plasma folate, vitamin B-12, and pyridoxal phosphate (P for trend < 0.001). Dietary folate, vitamin B-6, and riboflavin were associated with tHcy among non-supplement users (P for trend < 0.01). The tHcy concentrations of persons who used vitamin B supplements were 18% lower than those of persons who did not (P < 0.001). tHcy was positively associated with alcohol intake (P for trend = 0.004), caffeine intake (P for trend < 0.001), serum creatinine (P for trend < 0.001), number of cigarettes smoked (P for trend < 0.001), and antihypertensive medication use (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study confirmed, in a population-based setting, the importance of the known determinants of fasting tHcy and suggested that other dietary and lifestyle factors, including vitamin B-6, riboflavin, alcohol, and caffeine intakes as well as smoking and hypertension, influence circulating tHcy concentrations. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Gen Internal Med, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 45 TC 403 Z9 419 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 73 IS 3 BP 613 EP 621 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 404QJ UT WOS:000167111900020 PM 11237940 ER PT J AU Fleming, DJ Jacques, PF Tucker, KL Massaro, JM D'Agostino, RB Wilson, PWF Wood, RJ AF Fleming, DJ Jacques, PF Tucker, KL Massaro, JM D'Agostino, RB Wilson, PWF Wood, RJ TI Iron status of the free-living, elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort: an iron-replete population with a high prevalence of elevated iron stores SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron status; elderly population; Americans; anemia of chronic disease; anemia; iron overload; iron deficiency; serum ferritin; iron supplements; hemochromatosis ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EASTERN FINNISH MEN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; SERUM FERRITIN; PLASMA FERRITIN; UNITED-STATES; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; RISK-FACTORS AB Background: Although iron deficiency occurs commonly in vulnerable groups of women of reproductive age, infants, and children, less is known about the iron nutriture of the elderly. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the iron status of a noninstitutionalized, elderly US population, with a particular focus on 2 concerns unique to the elderly: 1) potential confounding effects of chronic disease on iron measures and 2) increased occurrence of elevated iron stores. Design: Multiple iron measures, including serum ferritin (SF), transferrin saturation, mean cell volume, and hemoglobin, were used to evaluate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and other measures of iron nutriture in 1016 elderly white Americans aged 67-96 y from the Framingham Heart Study. "Diseased" subjects were defined as those with possible pathologically altered iron measures due to inflammation, infection, elevated liver enzymes, hereditary hemochromatosis, or cancer. The effect of altered iron status on various prevalence estimates was assessed. Results: The elderly subjects had a low prevalence of ID (2.7%), IDA (1.2%), and depleted iron stores (3%; SF < 12 g/L) In contrast, 12.9% had elevated iron stores (SF > 300 mug/L in men and SF > 200 mug/L in women), of which only 18 was attributable to chronic disease. The prevalence of ID, IDA, and depleted iron stores was unaffected by the presence of chronic disease. Conclusions: The Framingham Heart Study cohort is an iron-replete elderly population with a high prevalence of elevated iron stores in contrast with a low prevalence of iron deficiency, with insignificant effects of chronic disease on these iron status estimates. The Likely liability in iron nutriture in free-living, elderly white Americans eating a Western diet is high iran stores, not iron deficiency. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framington Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Framington Heart Study, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038, R01-HL-40423-05]; NINDS NIH HHS [2-R01-NS-17950-12] NR 78 TC 93 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 73 IS 3 BP 638 EP 646 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 404QJ UT WOS:000167111900023 PM 11237943 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM Hoekstra, R Vilchez, B AF Spooner, DM Hoekstra, R Vilchez, B TI Solanum section Petota in Costa Rica: Taxonomy and genetic resources SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Costs Rica; genebank; germplasm; potato; Solanum longiconicum; Solanum sect. Petota; taxonomy ID POTATOES; WILD AB Prior to 1996, worldwide holdings of germplasm of wild potatoes from Costa Rica amounted to just two collections; this country therefore formed a priority for collecting. We mapped all localities of wild potatoes from herbarium specimen data from Costa Pica and collected throughout the country. We made 13 collections, 10 of these with botanical seeds. These collections considerably extend the numbers of accessions and geographic range of the germplasm available from Costa Pica. The taxonomic identity of the species of wild potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota) in Costa Pica was previously unresolved. Our fieldwork supports the concept that Costs Rican wild potatoes belong to a single species, S. longiconicum. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Genet Resources The Netherlands, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Inst Tecnol Costa Rica, Dept Biol, Cartago, Costa Rica. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 421QT UT WOS:000168075600002 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, TK Paape, MJ Douglass, LW AF Ledbetter, TK Paape, MJ Douglass, LW TI Cytotoxic effects of peroxynitrite, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, free-radical scavengers, inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase on bovine mammary secretory epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; CYTO-TOXICITY; HISTIDINE; PROTEINS; NITROTYROSINE; LEUKOCYTES; DAMAGE; BLOOD; ACID; QUANTITATION AB Objective-To determine cytotoxic effects of activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and peroxynitrite on bovine mammary secretory epithelial cells before and after addition of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitors, and free-radical scavengers. Sample Population-Polymorphonuclear neutrophils from 3 lactating cows. Procedure-Cells from the bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T were cultured. Monolayers were treated with activated bovine PMN, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1), 4-amino-benzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH), N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine, histidine, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). At 24 hours, activity of lactate dehydrogenase in culture medium was used as a relative index of cell death. Tyrosine nitration of proteins in MAC-T cell lysates was determined by visual examination of immunoblots. Results-Lipopolysaccharide, PMA, and less than or equal to 0.1 mM SIN-1 were not toxic to MAC-T cells. Activated PMN, greater than or equal to 6 mg of histidine/ml, and 0.5 mM SIN-1 were toxic. Together, histidine and 500,000 activated PMN/ml also were toxic. N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine did not have an effect, but ABAH decreased PMN-mediated cytotoxicity. Ten and 50 U of SOD/ml protected MAC-T cells from cytotoxic effects of 0.5 mM SIN-1. Compared with control samples, nitration of MAC-T tyrosine residues decreased after addition of 500,000 PMN/ml or greater than or equal to 6 mg of histidine/ml. Superoxide dismutase increased and SIN-1 decreased tyrosine nitration of MAC-T cell proteins in a dose-responsive manner. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Peroxynitrite, MPO, and histidine are toxic to mammary secretory epithelial cells. Superoxide dismutase and inhibition of MPO activity mitigate these effects. Nitration of MAC-T cell tyrosine residues may be positively associated with viability. C1 USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 62 IS 3 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.286 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407QV UT WOS:000167283000001 PM 11277188 ER PT J AU Musser, JMB Anderson, KL Moats, WA AF Musser, JMB Anderson, KL Moats, WA TI Screening method for identification of beta-lactams in bovine urine by use of liquid chromatography and a microbial inhibition test SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN-G; MILK; CEPHAPIRIN; METABOLITE; CLEANUP; CEFTIOFUR; RESIDUES; TISSUES; SERUM AB Objective-To develop a multiple-residue screening method for the detection of beta -lactams in bovine urine. Animals-6 clinically normal Holstein cows and 6 calves. Procedure-Pooled urine obtained from cows was used as a negative-control sample or spiked with varying concentrations of 6 beta -lactam antibiotics. Urine samples were prepared for liquid chromatography by diluting 1 ml of urine with 9 ml of 0.01M KH2PO4, 0.01 M Na2PO4, and filtering. Filtrate (2,000 ml) was eluted with a mobile phase in a gradient program. A fraction corresponding to each beta -lactam of interest was collected and evaporated to < 1 ml, and water then was added to achieve a 1ml volume. The collected fraction was tested, using a microbial inhibition test. Then, calves were fed milk spiked with a mixture of 5 -lactam antibiotics at a concentration 40X the FDA tolerance in milk. Three hours following the feeding, urine samples were obtained from the calves and tested. as described for the urine samples for the cows. Results-The lowest concentrations of amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephapirin, cloxacillin, desfuroylceftiofurcysteine, and penicillin G that were consistently detected in urine were 100, 10, 100, 250, 2,000, and 10 ng/ml, respectively. Amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephapirin, cloxacillin, desacetylcephapirin, and penicillin G were detected in urine samples of 6/6, 5/6, 0/6, 6/6, 2/6, and 3/6 calves respectively, fed antibiotic-spiked milk. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The integrated method described can be used to detect or identify beta -lactam antibiotics in bovine urine. This method can be used to test cattle for beta -lactam residues. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Farm Anim Hlth & Resource Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Musser, JMB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Vet Med Ctr, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 62 IS 3 BP 326 EP 330 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.326 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407QV UT WOS:000167283000008 PM 11277195 ER PT J AU Turner, SR Senaratna, T Bunn, E Tan, B Dixon, KW Touchell, DH AF Turner, SR Senaratna, T Bunn, E Tan, B Dixon, KW Touchell, DH TI Cryopreservation of shoot tips from six endangered Australian species using a modified vitrification protocol SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE A. humilis ssp chrysanthus; A. kalbarriensis; A. viridis ssp terraspectans; Conostylis dielsia ssp teres; C. micrantha; C. wonganensis; kangaroo paws; Haemodoraceae; vitrification; cryopreservation; rare and endangered; conservation ID WASABI WASABIA-JAPONICA; PLANT-REGENERATION; CELLS; MERISTEMS; SURVIVAL; L. AB An efficient vitrification procedure was developed and successfully applied to cryopreserve six endangered West Australian species(family Haemodoraceae: Anigozanthos humilis ssp. chrysanthus Hopper: A. kalbarriensis Hopper: A. viridis ssp. terraspectans Hopper: Conostylis dielsia ssp. teres Hopper: C. micrantha Hopper and C. wonganensis Hopper). Species were initially evaluated for cryostorage using a basic vitrification protocol involving: culturing plantlets in vitro for 21 d; excision of shoot apices: preculture of apical tips on 0.4 M sorbitol for 2 d. followed by incubation in PVS2 (plant vitrification solution 2) for 25 min at 0 degreesC, then direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). Warming of retrieved material was for 1 min in a 40 degreesC water bath. Using this protocol five of the six species exhibited low post-storage survival, while the sixth species, A. viridis ssp. terraspectans posted higher survival (61.1%). Using A. viridis ssp. terraspectans as an indicator species, the initial protocol was modified to include: 3 d preculture on 0.80 M glycerol, loading treatment with 2 0 M glycerol plus 0.4 M sucrose solution for 20 min, followed by 25 min exposure to a modified PVS2. Survival was significantly improved in the test species, and in further experiments three other species also showed significant improvements with the new protocol. Key findings include: effectiveness of glycerol in the preculture medium; the effect of preculture duration; the importance of a loading stage for these species: and the successful use of modified PVS2 solutions with reduced or zero dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). (C) 2001 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Kings Pk & Bot Garden, W Perth, WA 6005, Australia. Curtin Univ Technol, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. ARS, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Turner, SR (reprint author), Kings Pk & Bot Garden, W Perth, WA 6005, Australia. RI Turner, Shane/A-9950-2011; Dixon, Kingsley/B-1042-2011; Dixon, Kingsley/A-8133-2016 OI Dixon, Kingsley/0000-0001-5989-2929 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 87 IS 3 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.1006/anbo.2000.1346 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 406LK UT WOS:000167217500010 ER PT J AU Kemp, WP Bosch, J AF Kemp, WP Bosch, J TI Postcocooning temperatures and diapause in the alfalfa pollinator Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alfalfa leafcutting bee; Megachile rotundata; development; emergence; mortality; pollination ID OSMIA-LIGNARIA HYMENOPTERA; BEE HYMENOPTERA; LEAFCUTTER BEE; EMERGENCE; UNIVOLTINE; SURVIVAL; STRAIN; PERIOD; ADULT AB Megachile rotundata (F.), an adventive, gregarious, cavity-nesting, leaf cutting Lee, is used throughout North America for the pollination of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., seed crops. We examined the influence of various postcocooning (prewintering) temperature regimes on development, survival, emergence time, and longevity in both nondiapausing and diapausing forms of this species. Diapausing male and female M. rotundata required 27-30 d and. 29-32 d, respectively, to develop from prepupae to emergence after incubation at constant 29 degreesC, regardless of postcocooning treatments to which they were exposed. Likewise, longevity after emergence was not related to postcocooning temperatures and ranged from 5 to 6 d and 4 to 6 d for males and females, respectively. Elevated postcocooning temperatures were associated with a higher prevalence of nondiapausing individuals, those completing development from eggs through emergence as adults in the same summer season. Relevance of our results to the commercial production of alfalfa leafcutting Lees is discussed. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kemp, WP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0244:PTADIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 416RJ UT WOS:000167793700012 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Prokopy, RJ AF Leskey, TC Prokopy, RJ TI Adult plum curculio (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) attraction to fruit and conspecific odors SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Conotrachelus nenuphar; host-plant volatiles; pheromones ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR; HOST FRUIT; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; APPLE ORCHARDS; SEX-PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR; RESPONSES; FIELD; PLANT AB We evaluated olfactory attraction of overwintered male and female plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst),adults to volatiles released from same or opposite sex conspecifics alone, synthetic male-produced pheromone (grandisoic acid) alone, wild plums alone, or combinations of live single-sex conspecifics or grandisoic acid with plums in large still-air arenas. Male plum curculios were most strongly attracted to volatiles released from females feeding on plums and to volatiles from mechanically punctured plums, which induced male copulations. Males were not attracted to volatiles from grouped males alone or a single male alone or synthetic grandisoic acid alone, and were just as attracted to odor of plums alone as to an?, of these stimuli in combination with plums, indicating either lack of enhancement of attraction to host plum odor by male-produced odors or synthetic grandisoic acid or lack of production or release of male-produced odors or problematic release of synthetic grandisoic acid. Females were attracted to odor of females alone, males alone, and synthetic grandisoic acid alone, but these attraction responses were not evident when plum odor was present (especially volatiles released from punctured plums), indicating the primary importance of host plum odor and potential influence of amount of male-produced odor in attraction of females. We concluded that female plum curculios may produce an odor attractive to male plum curculios, and both sexes produce an odor attractive to female plum curculios but in general, both male and female plum curculios were strongly attracted to host plum volatiles and only mildly attracted to conspecific odors or synthetic grandisoic acid under the conditions of our tests. We believe that attractive volatiles released from punctured plums should be used as source material to identify potential attractants for plum curculios. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0275:APCCCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 416RJ UT WOS:000167793700016 ER PT J AU Meer, RKV Porter, SD AF Meer, RKV Porter, SD TI Fate of newly mated queens introduced into monogyne and polygyne Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) colonies SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fire ant; polygyny; aggression; alate; nestmate recognition ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; NESTMATE RECOGNITION; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; GENE FLOW; EVOLUTION; PHEROMONE; BUREN; REPLACEMENT; POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT AB Nestmate recognition is of prime importance in maintaining ant colony integration and organization. Monogyne red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, colonies are highly territorial and aggressive toward non-nestmate conspecific workers. In contrast, workers from polygyne nests in the United States show no aggression toward workers from other conspecific colonies (polygyne or monogyne). Nests within a polygyne population form a 'supercolony,' with free exchange of workers and. food between nests. The difference in conspecific nestmate recognition is a major distinguishing feature of the two S. invicta forms in the United States. We report here the discovery of an exception to this dichotomy. High levels of worker aggression are released by the introduction of newly mated queens into both polygyne and monogyne colonies. This suggests that nestmate recognition involving female sexuals does not follow the same mechanism used to explain nestmate recognition behavior between workers. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Meer, RKV (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 94 IS 2 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0289:FONMQI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 416RJ UT WOS:000167793700017 ER PT J AU Lavie, Y Harel-Orbital, T Gaffield, W Liscovitch, M AF Lavie, Y Harel-Orbital, T Gaffield, W Liscovitch, M TI Inhibitory effect of steroidal alkaloids on drug transport and multidrug resistance in human cancer cells SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cancer; NCI-AdrR cells; multidrug resistance; steroidal; alkaloids; cyclopamine; tomatidine ID P-GLYCOPROTEIN; OVEREXPRESSION; CHEMOTHERAPY; CHOLESTEROL; MRP2; GENE AB Intrinsic or acquired resistance of rumor cells to multiple cytotoxic drugs (multidrug resistance. MDR) is a major cause of failure of cancer chemotherapy. MDR is often caused by elevated expression of drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance protein (MRP). A number of compounds, termed chemosensitizers, have little or no cytotoxic action of their own, but inhibit (P-gp) or MRP-mediated drug export and are capable of sensitizing MDR cells to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Here we examined the ability of steroidal alkaloids of plant origin, namely the Veratrum sp. alkaloid cyclopamine and the Lycopersicon sp. alkaloid tomatidine, to act as potent and effective chemosensitizers in multidrug resistant tumor cells. Drug uptake was determined by measuring accumulation of tetramethylrosamine in multidrug resistant NCI AdrR human adenocarcinoma cells. Resistance to adriamycin and vinblastine was determined by utilizing the MTT cell survival assay. Cyclopamine and tomatidine elevate tetramethylrosamine uptake by NCI AdrR cells and sensitize the cells to the cytotoxic action of adriamycin and vinblastine. In both cases these agents are comparable in patency and efficacy to verapamil, a reversal agent commonly used in MDR research. It is concluded that steroidal alkaloids of plant origin act as inhibitors of P-gp-mediated drug transport and multidrug resistance and therefore may serve as chemosensitizers in combination chemotherapy with conventional cytotoxic drugs for treating multidrug resistant cancer. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Regulat Biol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Liscovitch, M (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Regulat Biol, POB 26, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2A BP 1189 EP 1194 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 437UQ UT WOS:000169012300054 PM 11396162 ER PT J AU Brenot, A Trott, D Saint Girons, I Zuerner, R AF Brenot, A Trott, D Saint Girons, I Zuerner, R TI Penicillin-binding proteins in Leptospira interrogans SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LACTAMASES; GROWTH AB The Leptospira interrogans ponA and pbpB genes were isolated and characterized. ponA and pbpB encode the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1 and 3, respectively. There is little sequence variation between the PBP genes from two L, interrogans strains (serovar icterohaemorrhagiae strain Verdun and serovar pomona strain RZ11). The deduced L, interrogans PBP 1 and PBP 3 protein sequences from the two strains shared over 50% similarity to homologous proteins from Escherichia coli, It was demonstrated for strain Verdun that ponA and pbpB are transcribed individually from their own promoter. The ponA and pbpB genes from both strains are separated by 8 to 10 kb and oriented such that their transcription is convergent. The L. interrogans PBP 1 and PBP 3 proteins were synthesized in E, coli and were modified with ampicillin using a digoxigenin-ampicillin conjugate. These data show that both genes encode functional PBPs. C1 Inst Pasteur, Unite Bacteriol Mol & Med, F-75724 Paris 15, France. ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Saint Girons, I (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Unite Bacteriol Mol & Med, 25 Rue Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. EM isgirons@pasteur.fr NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 45 IS 3 BP 870 EP 877 DI 10.1128/AAC.45.3.870-877.2001 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 405AJ UT WOS:000167134800036 PM 11181373 ER PT J AU Kochansky, J Wilzer, K Feldlaufer, M AF Kochansky, J Wilzer, K Feldlaufer, M TI Comparison of the transfer of coumaphos from beeswax into syrup and honey SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE coumaphos; wax; honey; residues; pesticide contamination ID MITE VARROA-JACOBSONI; ACARICIDE; PERIZIN; RESIDUES; MALATHION; COMBAT; LIQUID AB The organophosphate insecticide coumaphos has recently received emergency approval in the United States for control of fluvalinate-resistant Varroa destructor and the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray. We investigated the transfer of coumaphos from wax into syrup and honey, using adsorption of coumaphos from diluted syrup or honey onto a solid-phase extraction cartridge, elution, and subsequent analysis. Coumaphos in syrup was quantitated using HPLC with UV detection, and we found that coumaphos migrates from wax into syrup, with low concentrations increasing over a few months. Concentrations reached 200-300 ppb in 100 g of syrup in contact with 10 g of wax containing 1000 ppm of coumaphos; contact with wax containing 100 and 10 ppm led to lower amounts. Impurities made HPLC determination of coumaphos in honey impossible, but the solid phase extract could be analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentrations in honey were similar to those in syrup, reaching 430 ppb after 26 weeks at 1000 ppm in wax. C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kochansky, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kochansj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 424JK UT WOS:000168229000001 ER PT J AU Herrero, S Oppert, B Ferre, J AF Herrero, S Oppert, B Ferre, J TI Different mechanisms of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the indianmeal moth SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; INSECT RESISTANCE; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; CRYSTAL PROTEIN; LEPIDOPTERA; BINDING; PYRALIDAE AB Susceptibility to protoxin and toxin forms of Cry1Ab and the binding of I-125-labeled Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac has been examined in three Plodia interpunctella colonies, one susceptible (688(s)) and two resistant (198(r) and Dpl(r)) to Bacillus thuringiensis. Toxicological studies showed that the 198(r) colony was 11-fold more resistant to Cry1Ab protoxin than to Cry1Ab activated toxin, whereas the Dpl(r) colony was ii-fold more resistant to protoxin versus toxin, Binding results with I-125-labeled toxins indicated the occurrence of two different binding sites for Cry1Ab in the susceptible insects, one of them shared with Cry1Ac. Cry1Ab binding was found to be altered in insects from both resistant colonies, though in different ways. Compared with the susceptible colony, insects from the Dpl(1) colony showed a drastic reduction in binding affinity (60-fold higher K-d), although they had similar concentrations of binding sites. Insects from the 198(r) colony showed a slight reduction in both binding affinity and binding site concentration (five-fold-higher K-d and ca. three-fold-lower R-t compared with the 688(s) colony). No major difference in Cry1Ac binding was found among the three colonies. The fact that the 198(r) colony also has a protease-mediated mechanism of resistance (B. Oppert, R. Hammel, J. E. Throne, and K. J. Kramer, J. Biol. Chem. 272:23473-23476, 1997) is in agreement with our toxicological data in which this colony has a different susceptibility to the protoxin and toxin forms of Cry1Ab. It is noteworthy that the three colonies used in this work derived originally from ca, 100 insects, which reflects the high variability and high frequency of B. thuringiensis resistance genes occurring in natural populations. C1 Univ Valencia, Dept Genet, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Ferre, J (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Genet, Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. RI Ferre, Juan/L-9426-2014; OI Ferre, Juan/0000-0001-5535-0612; Herrero, Salva/0000-0001-5690-2108 NR 29 TC 54 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1085 EP 1089 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.3.1085-1089.2001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 407HM UT WOS:000167266200009 PM 11229895 ER PT J AU Varel, VH Miller, DN AF Varel, VH Miller, DN TI Plant-derived oils reduce pathogens and gaseous emissions from stored cattle waste SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; BACILLUS-CEREUS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; LIVESTOCK WASTE; COMPONENTS; CARVACROL; VOLATILE; BACTERIA; CONSTITUENTS; DEGRADATION AB Carvacrol and thymol in combination at 6.7 mM each completely inhibited the production of short-chain volatile fatty acids and lactate from cattle waste in anoxic flasks over 23 days. Fecal coliforms were reduced from 4.6 x 10(6) to 2.0 x 10(3) cells per ml 2 days after treatment and were nondetectable within 4 days. Total anaerobic bacteria were reduced from 8.4 x 10(10) to 1.5 x 10(7) cells per mi after 2 days and continued to be suppressed to that level after 14 days. If the concentration of carvacrol or thymol were doubled (13.3 mM), either could be used to obtain the same inhibitory fermentation effect. We conclude that carvacrol or thymol may be useful as an antimicrobial chemical to control pathogens and odor in stored livestock waste. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1366 EP 1370 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.3.1366-1370.2001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 407HM UT WOS:000167266200047 PM 11229933 ER PT J AU Willis, DK Holmstadt, JJ Kinscherf, TG AF Willis, DK Holmstadt, JJ Kinscherf, TG TI Genetic evidence that loss of virulence associated with gacS or gacA mutations in Pseudomonas syringae B728a does not result from effects on alginate production SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RESPONSE-REGULATOR; LESION FORMATION; PV. SYRINGAE; LEMA; SOLANACEARUM; SUPERFAMILY; INVASION; CLUSTER AB Mutations in the global regulatory genes gacS and gacA render Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B728a completely nonpathogenic in foliar infiltration assays on been plants. It had been previously demonstrated that gac genes regulate alginate production in Pseudomonas species, while other published work indicated that alginate is involved in the pathogenic interaction of P. syringae on bean plants. Together, these results suggested that the effects of gacS and gacA mutations an virulence in B728a might stem directly from a role in regulating alginate. In this report, we confirm a role for gac genes in both algD expression and;alginate production in B728a. However, B728a mutants completely devoid of detectable alginate were as virulent as the wild-type strain in our assay. Thus, factors other than, or in addition to, a deficiency of alginate must be involved in the lack of pathogenicity observed with gacS and gacA mutants. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Willis, DK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1400 EP 1403 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.3.1400-1403.2001 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 407HM UT WOS:000167266200055 PM 11229941 ER PT J AU Fox, RD Salyani, M Cooper, JA Brazee, RD AF Fox, RD Salyani, M Cooper, JA Brazee, RD TI Spot size comparisons on oil- and water-sensitive paper SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE spray; droplets; spread factor; orchard spraying ID SPRAY AB Water- and oil-sensitive paper (WSP and OSP) was attached to tree leaves and to a tower bracket between trees. Petroleum spray oil was applied at a constant rate in four concentrations of spray oil in water (1:5.9, 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100) with 17 treatments. WSP and OSP were sprayed in a laboratory with 8001 and 8004 flat fan nozzles. Spot size on oil- and water-sensitive paper placed at the same location for the same spray condition, were compared by assuming the spots came from the same droplet size population. The spot sizes were sorted by size and divided into 25 classes with the same number of spots in each class. The mean size of each population was calculated for each size class and the ratio of water to oil spots was calculated. To reduce the effect of spot overlap, only sprayed samples with low populations (less than 20% coverage) of water and oil spots were used. Measured spot size ratios were compared to ratios calculated from droplet diameter ratios computed from volume mixtures and from known spread factors on water and oil sensitive paper Water:oil spot size ratios predicted using known mixture ratios and spread factors agreed quite well with laboratory measured spot size ratios. However spot size ratios measured for field experiments did not agree with predicted values. This may have been due to larger water spots touching, or oil spots separating into several globules as the water portion of the spray droplet evaporates. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL USA. OARDC, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH USA. USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH USA. RP Fox, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 474GL UT WOS:000171097900004 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM Misra, SK Brashears, AD AF Nelson, JM Misra, SK Brashears, AD TI Cost comparison of alternative stripper and picker cotton harvesting systems SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton; cost analysis; harvesting systems; agribusiness management AB This study provides cost estimates of alternative cotton harvesting methods, including four-, six-, eight-, and two individual four-row strippers and equipment combinations without and with bur-extractors and two-, four-, and six-row picker and equipment combinations. The least cost harvesting systems for strippers without and with bur-extractors and pickers, by size of operation in Texas, were determined by comparing the corresponding estimated average harvesting costs and custom harvesting charges. For stripper and equipment combinations without bur-extractors, the four-row stripper had the minimum harvesting cost until about 486 ha (1,200 ac), followed by the six-row stripper for farm sizes ranging between about 526 and 607 ha (1,300 and 1,500 ac) and the eight-row stripper starting at about 648 ha (1,600 ac). In the case of stripper and equipment combinations with bur-extractors, the four-row stripper was the least expensive alternative until about 364 ha (900 ac), followed by the six-row stripper for farm sizes ranging between 405 and 486 ha (1,000 and 1,200 ac), and the eight-row stripper starting at about 526 ha (1,300 ac). The average harvesting cost associated with the two individual four-row strippers and equipment combination were consistently higher than the eight-row stripper and equipment combination. For picker and equipment combinations, the average harvesting cost was minimized by the two-row picker and equipment combination up to 243 ha (600 ac). The four- and six-row picker and equipment combinations became optimum between 283 and 486 ha (700 and 1,200 ac) and at about 526 ha (1,300 ac), respectively. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Misra, SK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, POB 42132, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 474GL UT WOS:000171097900005 ER PT J AU Sorensen, RB Wright, FS Butts, CL AF Sorensen, RB Wright, FS Butts, CL TI Pod yield and kernel size distribution of peanut produced using subsurface drip irrigation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea L.; irrigation; subsurface drip; pod yield; kernel size distribution ID MICROIRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; TRICKLE; COTTON AB Long-term yield data are essential to determine the economic feasibility of installing a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system for crop production. However first year yields and associated economic returns are vital for system payment the first year Vegetable and row crop production has been successful with SDI, but pod yield and kernel size distribution data on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are limited especially during the installation year Site 1 was established in 1997 on a Faceville sandy loam soil (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults) converted from native grass pasture. Site 2 was established in 1998 on a Tifton sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults) following two years of cotton. These SDI systems include two lateral spacings (0.91 and 1.83 m) buried at 0.3 m soil depth. Site I had two emitter spacings (46 and 61 cm) and two irrigation levels. Site 2 had one emitter spacing (46 cm) and three irrigation levels. A nonirrigated (NI) control was included at each site. Irrigation water was applied daily based on estimated ETO where irrigation level one (IL1) was ETo*Kc, and IL2 and IL3 were 75 and 50% of IL1, respectively. Pod yield increased 38% with SDI (5433 kg ha(-1)) compared to NI peanut (3937 kg ha(-1)). When compared to the state average (3012 kg ha(-1)), SDI showed a 81% pod yield increase. The percentage of jumbo kernels increased 39% at Site 1 and 81% at Site 2 compared with NI. SDI peanut had lower quantity. (75% less) of number one sized peanut kernels than NI. Overall, during the installation year SDI had higher pod yields an larger kernel size than NI treatments. These yield data can be useful when projecting the economic feasibility of installing a SDI system and making the first year payment. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Sorensen, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509,1011 Forrester Dr,SE, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 474GL UT WOS:000171097900009 ER PT J AU Sorensen, RB Wright, FS Butts, CL AF Sorensen, RB Wright, FS Butts, CL TI Subsurface drip irrigation system designed for research in row crop rotations SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE irrigation water management; subsurface drip; Arachis hypogaea; Zea mays; Gossypium hirsutum ID MANAGEMENT; TRICKLE AB A subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system was designed and installed to conduct long-term research on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and associated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and corn (Zea mays) crop rotations. The objectives were to design a subsurface drip irrigation system for a long-term irrigation research project, describe potential versus actual expenses of the designed system, and to show SDI system performance for irrigation scheduling in row crop (peanut) production. The system includes two thin-wall drip tape lateral spacings buried 30 to 35 cm below the soil surface, three irrigation levels, and five crop rotations replicated three times in a randomized block design. Each mainline branches into two field mainlines reducing the number of flow meters and injector pumps by half. Potential evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the modified Jensen-Haise equation adjusted for location conditions. Irrigation treatments of 100, 75, and 50% were based on the crop water use and crop coefficient curves. Irrigation water was applied on a daily basis. A programmable logic controller (PLC) acquired hourly weather parameters, flow data, and controlled the total system. A well water source was used with a separate pump to supply water to the drip irrigation system. The SDI system operated and delivered water to the field crops within the design constraints. Each field mainline took about 6 min to pressurize. There were slight fluctuations in pressure and flow rate for short time durations as valves turned off and on. About $9600 was saved by using a branched design of one flow meter and injector pump per line when compared with a non-branched system. Irrigation plus rainfall supplied just over 100% of the water required for peanut. The other irrigation treatments supplied 75 and 53% of the irrigation water required. Overall, this SDI system was used to efficiently supply water to a row crops in southwest Georgia. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Sorensen, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509,1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 474GL UT WOS:000171097900010 ER PT J AU Slaughter, DC Pelletier, MG Upadhyaya, SK AF Slaughter, DC Pelletier, MG Upadhyaya, SK TI Sensing soil moisture using NIR spectroscopy SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE soil; moisture measurement; NIR spectroscopy; precision agriculture ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; WATER-CONTENT; REFLECTANCE; SEEDS AB Seven California soils were studied to determine if near infrared (700 to 2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy could be used to determine soil moisture content. Near infrared absorbance data in the 1400- to 2400-nm region correlated well (r(2) = 0.97, SEP = 1.3%, Bias = 0.2%) with soil moisture content when a partial least squares calibration model was used to estimate the moisture content of soil samples of the same soil type and particle size as those in the calibration data set. However, when the model was used to estimate the moisture content of a soil sample with a particle size which differed from those included in the calibration set, the performance was degraded due to large slope and bias errors (Bias = 4.0%, SEP = 2.2%). However, the high coefficient of determination (r(2) = 0.98) suggested that predictions for soil samples which differ from those included in the calibration set could be improved if the slope and intercept were corrected for a given site. An example validation of this type was shown where the SEP and bias were reduced from SEP = 2.1% and Bias = 6.0% to SEP = 1.0% and Bias = 0.9% after slope and bias correction. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, REE, SPA, CSR LAB CP & PR, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Slaughter, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dcslaughter@ucdavis.edu NR 27 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 474GL UT WOS:000171097900018 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC AF Pearson, TC TI Detection of pistachio nuts with closed shells using impact acoustics SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE pistachio; sorting; acoustic; sound ID FIRMNESS AB An acoustical sorting system was developed to separate pistachio nuts with closed shells from those with open shells. The system includes a microphone, digital signal processing hardware, material handling equipment, and an air reject mechanism. It was found that upon impact with a steel plate, nuts with closed shells emit sound with higher signal magnitudes for the first 0.33 ms than do nuts with open shells. After this interval, nuts with closed shells emit sounds with lower signal magnitudes than those with open shells. Linear discriminant analysis was used to classify nuts using three features extracted from the microphone signal during the first 1.4 ms after impact. One of the discriminant features is the integrated absolute value of microphone output signal during the first 0.11 ms after impact. The other two features are the number of data points in the digitized microphone signal, between 0.6 and 1.4 ms after impact, that have a slope and signal magnitude below preset threshold levels. The classification accuracy of this system is approximately 97%. Throughput rate is approximately 40 nuts/s. Cost is about $7,000 to $10,000 per channel. This cost is much lower than that of color sorters used to remove other pistachio defects while throughput is comparable. Currently, closed-shell pistachio nuts are removed by mechanical devices. These devices have a lower classification accuracy (95%) and damage kernels in open-shell pistachios by "pricking" them with a needle. The needle hole can give the appearance of an insect tunnel and cause rejection by the consumer The newly developed system does not cause such damage. Increased sorting accuracy of the acoustic sorter coupled with low cost, enables a payback period of less than one year. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 249 EP 253 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 474GL UT WOS:000171097900019 ER PT J AU Reuss, SA Buhler, DD Gunsolus, JL AF Reuss, SA Buhler, DD Gunsolus, JL TI Effects of soil depth and aggregate size on weed seed distribution and viability in a silt loam soil SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seed-soil microsites; soil structure; weed seed bank ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE; BEHAVIOR; CULTIVATION; LONGEVITY; TILLAGE AB The position of weed seeds within the soil matrix plays an important role in seedling emergence and seed survival. The relationship of weed seeds with soil aggregates and soil depth was evaluated in a Waukegon silt loam soil that had been under a long-term, conventional tillage, annual crop management system. Soil aggregates were separated and classified into eight size classes from less than or equal to5 to >12 mm and weed seeds were extracted from the aggregates. Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium album L. (common lambsquarters), Polygonum pensylvanicum L. (Pennsylvania smartweed), Setaria faberi Herrm. (giant foxtail), and Solanum ptycanthum Dun. (eastern black nightshade) accounted for the majority of seeds recovered. In general, seed viability declined from April to June, but increased in October following seed deposition. Seeds of individual species were most abundant in the aggregate size class most closely matching its seed size. However, seeds were commonly found associated with aggregates larger than 9 mm. Highest seed viability was found in the aggregate fraction closest to the seed size, however, S. faberi viability was also high in the >12 mm aggregate size class. Regardless of aggregate size, seed numbers were generally greatest in the upper 5 cm of soil. The results of this research were species-dependent and variable and demonstrated the complexity of weed seed/soil aggregate associations. However, they did show that seed placement within the soil matrix may play an important role in weed population dynamics. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Buhler, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(00)00115-3 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 411CJ UT WOS:000167480300002 ER PT J AU Yi, SX Adams, TS AF Yi, SX Adams, TS TI Age- and diapause-related acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the intestine and Malpighian tubules of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colorado potato beetle; diapause; phosphatase activity; JRA; allatotropin ID JUVENILE-HORMONE; BOMBYX-MORI; MIDGUT; SILKWORM; HEMOLYMPH; PROTEASES; ISOZYMES; ENZYMES; LARVAE; CELLS AB Specific activities for soluble (s) and membrane (m)-bound acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatases (ALP) were determined in the midgut, hindgut, and Malpighian tubules for developing, prediapausing, and diapausing adult Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). High ACP activities were found in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules while high ALP activities were found in the Malpighian tubules. Variation in both ACP and ALP activities in each tissue reflects fluctuation in protein synthesis and secretion involved with digestion, excretion, and other unknown functions. Phosphatase activities in the tissues examined show the dynamic nature of diapause in this insect. Diapausing beetles showed increases in phosphatase activity after hormone treatments. JHA treatments increased s-ACP and m-ACP activities in all tissues but 20-HE did not increase activity in any tissue. Allatotropin tended to mimic the effects of JHA treatment. The s-ALP activity was also increased in all tissues whereas m-ALP was increased in the midgut and hindgut by JHA treatment. Malpighian tubule m-ALP activity was only increased by 20-HE treatments. Allatotropin was not as effective in increasing ALP activities as it was with ACP activities.. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Adams, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM adamst@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 3 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1002/arch.1025 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 417YL UT WOS:000167863000004 PM 11276072 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Bostom, AG Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Morris, MS Bostom, AG Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH TI Hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia associated with hypothyroidism in the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; cholesterol; hypothyroidism ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; SERUM CREATININE; RECEPTOR; DISEASE AB Hypothyroid (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) greater than or equal to 20 mIU/l; N = 32) participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 2 (1991-1994) were compared with non-hypothyroid subjects (0.5 mIU/l < TSH < 20;mIU/l; N = 6490) to examine the relationship between hypothyroidism and hyperhomocysteinemia (serum total homocysteine > 12 mu mol/l) and hypercholesterolemia (serum total cholesterol > 6.2 mmol/l). After controlling for age, gender, and race ethnicity, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval (CI)) relating hypothyroidism to hyperhomocysteinemia and high total cholesterol were 4.9 (1.8-14.0) and 8.0 (2.9-21.9), respectively. Based on 26 hypothyroid and 5811 non-hypothyroid subjects with triglyceride concentration less than or equal to 2.82 mmol/l, the odds ratio for the relationship between hypothyroidism and high low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (> 4.6 mmol/l by the Friedewald equation) was 5.3 (95% CI, 1.3-20.9). Adding additional terms to the multivariate logistic regression model had little effect on the odds ratios relating hypothyroidism to high total or LDL-cholesterol, but adding terms for serum creatinine concentration > 123.8 mu mol/l and for red blood cell folate and serum vitamin B-12 concentrations resulted in an attenuated, but still significant (P < 0.05), odds ratio relating hypothyroidism to hyperhomocysteinemia (2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.1). Controlling for cigarette smoking, heart attack/stroke history, body mass index, and serum albumin concentration did not affect the odds ratios. Hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia could help to explain the increased risk for arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease in hypothyroidism. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Gen Internal Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL52630] NR 24 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAR PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00537-2 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 407RQ UT WOS:000167284900023 PM 11223442 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Gelman, DB Bell, RA AF Hu, JS Gelman, DB Bell, RA TI In vitro rearing of Edovum puttleri, an egg parasitoid of the Colorado potato beetle, from egg to pupal stage in artificial diets devoid of insect sources: Effects of dietary amino acid and carbohydrate levels SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE amino acids; artificial diet; carbohydrates; Colorado potato beetle; Edovum puttleri; in vitro rearing; parasitoids ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; EUCELATORIA-BRYANI; GROWTH; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; EULOPHIDAE AB Previous studies have demonstrated that Edovum puttleri, an egg parasitoid of the Colorado potato beetle, can be reared through the pupal stage in an artificial diet containing either hemolymph from Manduca sexta or CPB embryonic cell line-conditioned medium. In order to improve the diet and reduce production costs, i.e., eliminate the insect-derived components, the effects of 13 amino acids and 20 carbohydrates on the growth and development of the parasitoid were determined. In the presence of any one of five of the amino acids (arginine, glutamine, lysine, threonine and valine) at a concentration of 1%, or eight of the carbohydrates (cellobiose, fructose, gentiobiose, glucose, lactose, melinbiose, sorbitol and threhalose), also at a concentration of 1%, more than 75% of the larvae molted to the second instar. At higher concentrations (2 and 3%), all five of the amino acids and most of the eight sugars promoted third instar formation. Prepupal formation was also observed. In the presence of threonine (at 2 and 3%) or glutamine (at 3%), between 22 and 29% of the parasitoids formed prepupae. Of the six sugars (at 3%) that promoted prepupal formation, lactose and sorbitol which promoted 18 and 20% prepupation, respectively, were the most effective. In the presence of all 13 amino acids teach at 3%) or all 20 carbohydrates teach at 3%), 36 and 39%, respectively, of the parasitoids formed prepupae. At lower concentrations, reduced percentages of prepupal formation were observed. Since the amino acids, glutamine and threonine, and the sugars, fructose,,gentiobiose, glucose, lactose, sorbitol and trehalose, when added individually to the diet (at a concentration of 3%) were most effective in promoting prepupal formation, the effect of one of these two amino acids in combination with each of the six sugars was tested. Glutamine in combination with lactose or sorbitol was able to promote pupation (less than or equal to6.3%), and threonine in combination with any one of five of the sugars (lactose and sorbitol were most effective) supported pupal formation (less than or equal to6.7%). Our study demonstrated that E. puttleri can be successfully reared from the egg through the pupal stage in an artificial diet devoid of insect materials. C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 43 EP 60 DI 10.1023/A:1009907305871 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 415TA UT WOS:000167737700003 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Pena, J Franqui, R Nguyen, R Stansly, P McCoy, C Lapointe, SL Adair, RC Bullock, B AF Hall, DG Pena, J Franqui, R Nguyen, R Stansly, P McCoy, C Lapointe, SL Adair, RC Bullock, B TI Status of biological control by egg parasitoids of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in citrus in Florida and Puerto Rico SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE citrus; classical biological control; egg parasitoids; root weevils; Ceratogramma etiennei; Diaprepes abbreviatus AB Eggs of Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) were routinely monitored in citrus groves at ten locations in Florida during 1997 and 1998 to study egg parasitism. One citrus location was studied in Puerto Rico. No native parasitoids were recovered from 1,337 D. abbreviatus egg masses studied in Florida citrus. In contrast, an average of 35.5% (range 12.5 to 68.8%) parasitism of egg masses was reported in Puerto Rico. The parasitoids Aprostocetus gain, Horismenus spp, and Quadrastichus haitiensis were recovered from the eggs of D. abbreviatus studied in Puerto Rico. The Horismenus parasitoids were suspected hyperparasitoids. Releases of the parasitoid Ceratogramma etiennei from Guadeloupe were initiated during 1998 at each of the Florida research sites. By the end of 1998, C. etiennei had been recovered from D. abbreviatus eggs at two of nine locations in Florida citrus. The parasitoid was recovered from 1 of 34 egg masses at one of these locations during the month of September and from 3 of 34 egg masses at the other location during the month of November. Whether or not C, etiennei establishes itself at one or more locations in Florida remains to be seen. C1 US Sugar Corp, Res Dept, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Agr Expt Stn, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Kerr Ctr Sustainable Agr, Vero Beach Res Stn, Vero Beach, FL USA. Univ Florida, AREC, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), US Sugar Corp, Res Dept, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1023/A:1009991723211 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 415TA UT WOS:000167737700004 ER PT J AU Lauziere, I Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC Smith, JW Jones, WA AF Lauziere, I Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC Smith, JW Jones, WA TI Life-history studies of Lydella jalisco (Diptera : Tachinidae), a parasitoid of Eoreuma loftini (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; development time; fecundity; longevity; mating; parasitoid; reproductive system; size; stalkborer; temperature ID SUGARCANE; MEXICO; TEXAS AB Lydella jalisco Woodley (Diptera: Tachinidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the key pest of sugarcane in Texas. This parasitoid was re-introduced into Texas in 1998 as part of a classical biological control program. Information on the biology of L. jalisco is scarce and indispensable for its propagation in captivity and understanding of L. jalisco-E. loftini interactions. Parasitoid longevity, reproductive biology and immature development were studied under laboratory conditions. At 22 degreesC, honey-fed mated adults lived about two weeks whereas lifespan of unmated individuals averaged three weeks. Females of L. jalisco emerged with a complement of eggs that continued to develop during the first days following emergence. Mating was necessary for embryonic development. After copulation, eggs were fertilized and gradually transferred to an elongated ovisac where they incubated for about one week before hatching. Hatching occurred in the female's reproductive tract, an attribute of true ovoviviparous reproduction. First instar larvae were available for oviposition during the female's entire lifetime. Egg load increased with adult female size; mean lifetime potential fecundity was 400 +/- 140 eggs per female. Parasitoids successfully developed on second to sixth instar host larvae. However, host size at parasitization positively influenced the size of resultant adult parasitoids as well as the duration of the larval growth period which was shorter as host size increased. Parasitoid larvae did not complete development below 15 degreesC, whereas parasitoid larval and pupal mortality respectively reached 14 and 75 percent when temperature exceeded 30 degreesC. The importance of biological and reproductive attributes of L. jalisco for biological control, as well as for rearing are discussed. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 71 EP 90 DI 10.1023/A:1009972316870 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 415TA UT WOS:000167737700005 ER PT J AU Radford, IJ Nicholas, DM Brown, JR AF Radford, IJ Nicholas, DM Brown, JR TI Assessment of the biological control impact of seed predators on the invasive shrub Acacia nilotica (Prickly acacia) in Australia SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Acacia nilotica; Bruchidus sahlbergi; Caryedon serratus; seed borers; biological control; impact assessment; weed demography ID BRUCHID BEETLES; SOUTH-AFRICA; HERBIVORES; ESTABLISHMENT; GERMINATION; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; TREE AB An impact assessment study was undertaken to determine seed predation rates by two bruchid beetles, Bruchidus sahlbergi Schilsky and Caryedon serratus Olivier, on the invasive shrub Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Eel. The former bruchid was released as a biological control agent for A. nilotica, whereas the latter is naturalized in Australia. We attempted to determine the dynamics and magnitude of bruchid predation, following a number of differing reports of their effectiveness. To investigate the importance of seed availability on bruchid numbers, we compared seed death in high- and low-seed-density habitats, both before and after pods had dropped from tree branches. Bruchid predation was initially low (<2%) in pods on tree branches in both habitats, but increased abruptly to 12% in riparian and 32% in nonriparian exclosures by the third collection date. Bruchid numbers then crashed to below 2% in both habitats, when pods dropped to the ground. B. sahlbergi predation later increased markedly (up to 65%) again at high-pod-density sites. No further increase in predation took place beyond this level. Seed predation by C. serratus was found to be minimal (<5% of seeds infested) throughout the monitoring period. We suggest that seed predation by the bruchids, prior to pod drop and removal by cattle, is insufficient to cause major impacts on A. nilotica populations. Bruchid seed damage is likely to be significant only in situations with low cattle numbers, where cattle cannot remove the majority of fallen seed pods or where cattle are excluded. Exclusion of cattle from some areas within A. nilotica-invaded landscapes to potentially increase bruchid effectiveness is proposed. The demographic impact of optimal A. nilotica seed losses is discussed. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 CSIRO, Div Trop Agr, Davies Lab, Aitkenvale, Qld 4814, Australia. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Dept 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Radford, IJ (reprint author), CSIRO, Div Trop Agr, Davies Lab, PMB PO Aitkenvale, Aitkenvale, Qld 4814, Australia. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1006/bcon.2000.0903 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 415UN UT WOS:000167742100009 ER PT J AU Aulakh, MS Kuldip-Singh Doran, J AF Aulakh, MS Kuldip-Singh Doran, J TI Effects of 4-amino 1,2,4 triazole, dicyandiamide and encapsulated calcium carbide on nitrification inhibition in a subtropical soil under upland and flooded conditions SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE nitrification; flooded and non-flooded soil systems; rice uplands; nitrogen mineralization; nitrification inhibitors ID ACETYLENE; DENITRIFICATION; TRANSFORMATIONS; SYSTEMS; NITRATE AB Nitrification inhibition of soil and applied fertilizer N is desirable as the accumulation of nitrates in soils in excess of plant needs leads to enhanced N losses and reduced fertilizer N-use efficiency. In a growth chamber experiment, we studied the effects of two commercial nitrification inhibitors (NIs), 4-amino 1,2,4-triazole (ATC) and dicyandiamide (DCD), and a commonly available and economical material, encapsulated calcium carbide (CaC2) (ECC) on the nitrification of soil and applied NH4+-N in a semiarid subtropical Tolewal sandy loam soil under upland [60% water-filled pore space (WFPS)] and flooded conditions (120% WFPS). Nitrification of the applied 100 mg NH4+-N kg(-1) soil under upland conditions was retarded most effectively (93%) by ECC for up to 10 days of incubation, whereas for longer periods, ATC was more effective. After 20 days, only 16% of applied NH4+-N was nitrified with ATC as compared to 37% with DCD and 98% with ECC. Under flooded soil conditions, nitrates resulting from nitrification quickly disappeared due to denitrification, resulting in a tremendous loss of fertilizer N (up to 70% of N applied without a NI). Based on four indicators of inhibitor effectiveness, namely, concentration of NH4+-N and NO3-N, percent nitrification inhibition, ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N, and total mineral N, ECC showed the highest relative efficiency throughout the 20-day incubation under flooded soil conditions. At the end of the 20-day incubation, 96%, 58% and 38% of applied NH4+-N was still present in the soil where ECC, ATC and DCD were used, respectively. Consequently, nitrification inhibition of applied fertilizer N in both arable crops and flooded rice systems could tremendously minimize N losses and help enhance fertilizer N-use efficiency. These results suggest that for reducing the nitrification rate and resultant N losses in flooded soil systems (e.g. rice lowlands), ECC is more effective than costly commercial NIs. C1 Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Soils, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Aulakh, MS (reprint author), Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Soils, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD MAR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s003740000317 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 411TU UT WOS:000167516000012 ER PT J AU Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA Liu, CK AF Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA Liu, CK TI Glucose/lipid mixed substrates as a means of controlling the properties of medium chain length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL POLYHYDROXYALKANOIC ACIDS; PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS; CROSS-LINKING; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; UNSATURATED MONOMERS; POLY(3-HYDROXYALKANOATES); POLYESTERS; ELASTOMERS; TALLOW AB Glucose-triacylglycerol (TAG) mixed substrates were used to modulate the physical and mechanical properties of medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHAs). Pseudomonas resinovorans NRRL B-2649 grew and produced mcl-PHAs on glucose and TAGs (coconut oil, C; soybean oil, S) after 24 h in a shake flask culture. However, with the exception of coconut oil, maximum cell productivity was not reached in any of the cultures until 72 h post-inoculation. Here, 50:50 mixtures of glucose and coconut oil (glc/C) or glucose and soybean oil (glc/S) resulted in intermediate cell productivities with a maximum of 57% and 48% of the CDW at 72 h, respectively. In addition, mixed substrates resulted in mcl-PHAs with compositions that varied slightly over time. PHA-glc/C and PHA-glc/S were composed of 7 mol % and 8 mol % 3-hydroxydodecenoic acid (C-12:1), respectively at 72 h. These concentrations were intermediate to the C-12:1 concentration of PHA-glc and respective PHA-TAG. Also, significant amounts of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (C-14:0), 3-hydroxytetradecenoic acid (C-14:1), and 3-hydroxytetradecadienoic acid (C-14:2) were present in PHA-glc/C and PHA-glc/S, which were derived from the respective TAG, as glucose resulted in almost no C-14:X monomers. The molar masses of each of the polymers remained relatively constant between 24 and 96 h. At 72 h, the number-average molar masses (M-n) of PHA-glc/C and PHA-glc/S were 178 000 and 163 000 g/mol, respectively, which were also intermediate to the M-n of PHA-glc (225 000 g/mol) and the respective PHA-TAG (PHA-C 153 000 g/mol; PHA-S = 75 900 g/mol). These physical differences caused variations in the mechanical properties of mcl-PHA films, thus providing a new and effective method of modifying their properties. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD SPR PY 2001 VL 2 IS 1 BP 211 EP 216 DI 10.1021/bm000098+ PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 433JG UT WOS:000168755800029 PM 11749175 ER PT J AU Iniguez-Covarrubias, G Lange, SE Rowell, RM AF Iniguez-Covarrubias, G Lange, SE Rowell, RM TI Utilization of byproducts from the tequila industry: part 1: agave bagasse as a raw material for animal feeding and fiberboard production SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agave bagasse; fiberboards; tequila byproducts; water swelling; agave fiber; agave bagasse pith ID WHEAT STRAW; SHEEP AB Agave bagasse was successfully separated into fractions that were used in sheep feeding trials. Agave bagasse can be substituted for corn stubble in the sheep's diet which resulted in improved weight gain. Agave bagasse was also processed into long and short fiber fractions with a hammermill and fiberboards of medium and high specific gravities being produced. Medium specific gravity agave fiberboards had moisture and mechanical properties comparable to medium specific gravity fiberboards made using aspen fiber. All high specific gravity agave fiberboards made from short or long fibers were stronger in bending than the ANSI standard for hardboards. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Guadalajara, Dept Madera Celulosa & Papel, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Iniguez-Covarrubias, G (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Dept Madera Celulosa & Papel, Km 15-5 Carretera,Apt Postal 52-93,CP 45020, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico. NR 15 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 77 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00137-1 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 395AL UT WOS:000166556500004 PM 11211072 ER PT J AU Driscoll, CT Lawrence, GB Bulger, AJ Butler, TJ Cronan, CS Eagar, C Lambert, KF Likens, GE Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC AF Driscoll, CT Lawrence, GB Bulger, AJ Butler, TJ Cronan, CS Eagar, C Lambert, KF Likens, GE Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC TI Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: Sources and inputs, ecosystem effects, and management strategies SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RED SPRUCE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; NITROGEN SATURATION; NORTH-AMERICA; HUBBARD-BROOK; SMALL STREAMS; DRY DEPOSITION; SURFACE WATERS C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Syst Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Environm, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Hubbard Brook Res Fdn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Lab Serv, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US EPA, Corvallis Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Driscoll, CT (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Syst Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 84 TC 549 Z9 568 U1 12 U2 133 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2001 VL 51 IS 3 BP 180 EP 198 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0180:ADITNU]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 432RX UT WOS:000168710400004 ER PT J AU Gould, KA Herrick, JE Lezama, H AF Gould, KA Herrick, JE Lezama, H TI Refuse to refuge: Dry season use and modification of cattle dung by subterranean termites in Guanacaste, Costa Rica SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE amitermes; Costa Rica; degraded pasture; dry season; dung; dung beetle; Hoplotermes; Isoptera; restoration; termite ID ISOPTERA-TERMITIDAE; TROPICAL PASTURE; TEMPERATURE; RHINOTERMITIDAE; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGY; BIOMASS AB Baits and soil cores were used to quantify temporal variation in the use of cattle dung by two species of subterranean termites, Amitermes beaumonti Banks and Hoplotermes sp. nov. (hereafter referred to by genus), during the 1991 dry season in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The densities of termite foragers of both species were evaluated in cattle dung patches (baits), in the soil beneath each parch (litter, 0-3.5 cm, and 3.5-7 cm), and in the same layers from adjacent dung-free control sites. Dung patch and control plots were sampled 3, 10, 60, or 110 days after 1450-ml dung patches were deposited on the pasture. Amitermes foragers were abundant in 3-, 10-, 60-, and 1 in-day-old dung parch plots with a mean (median) +/- SD of 100 (59) +/- 120 individuals/bait plot, and only 8 (3) +/- 11 individuals/control plot. Hoplotermes foragers were less abundant, with a mean of 22 (0) +/- 87 individuals in dung patch plots and 2 (0) +/- 9 in control plots. Hoplotermes was most abundant in the surface litter under IO-day-old dung patches, where an average of 33 (0) +/- 105 individuals were found. In association with clung patches, Amitermes density was highest inside or directly beneath the dung patch and lowest in the 3.5- to 7.0-cm microsite. In control areas, however, Amitermes was most abundant in the 3.5- to 7.0-cm microsite. Amitermes and Hoplotermes were found in 35 and 9 of the 54 control plots, respectively We believe that the high termite densities associated with cattle dung patches can be explained by the energetic and microclimatic requirements of the termites and the physical structure of the dung. Although neither species of termite is a mound builder, these termites use specialized behaviors to exploit and modify dung patches such that foragers have access to concentrated food resources and partial protection from the dry climate and from their invertebrate predators. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Costa Rica, Museo Insectos, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Gould, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 373 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 436WX UT WOS:000168959800011 ER PT J AU Ebana, K Yan, WG Dilday, RH Namai, H Okuno, K AF Ebana, K Yan, WG Dilday, RH Namai, H Okuno, K TI Analysis of QTL associated with the allelopathic effect of rice using water-soluble extracts SO BREEDING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa L.; allelopathy; QTL; RFLP marker; water-soluble extracts; lettuce ID LINKAGE MAP AB Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the allelopathic effect of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were identified using RFLP markers. The allelopathic effect was assessed by the growth inhibition of water-soluble extracts from the rice seedlings on lettuce seedlings. QTL analysis was carried out using the F-2 population from the cross between an Indica type line PI312777 (highly inhibitory) and a Japonica cultivar Rexmont (less inhibitory). Seven QTL were identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12, One of the QTL on chromosome 6 had the largest effect on the expression of the allelopathic effect of rice and explained 16.1% of the phenotypic variation, The other six QTL explained the variation in the range from 9.4% to 15.1%. A multiple QTL model estimated that five QTL with LOD scores higher than 3.0 explained 36.6% of the total phenotypic variation. Digenic interactions in five pairs between the seven QTLs were detected. C1 Natl Inst Agrobiol Resources, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Agr & Forestry, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Ebana, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Agrobiol Resources, 2-1-2 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. EM ebana@abr.affrc.go.jp NR 20 TC 33 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU JAPANESE SOC BREEDING PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO, GRADUATE SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL LIFE SCIENCES, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-8657, JAPAN SN 1344-7610 EI 1347-3735 J9 BREEDING SCI JI Breed. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1270/jsbbs.51.47 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 423CK UT WOS:000168157700008 ER PT J AU Cushman, M Booth, SL Possidente, CJ Davidson, KW Sadowski, JA Bovill, EG AF Cushman, M Booth, SL Possidente, CJ Davidson, KW Sadowski, JA Bovill, EG TI The association of vitamin K status with warfarin sensitivity at the onset of treatment SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anticoagulation; vitamin K; warfarin; drug monitoring ID ANTICOAGULATION; PLASMA; DIET; PROPOSAL; SERUM AB We investigated the association of vitamin K status with warfarin sensitivity among 40 orthopaedic patients beginning perioperative algorithm-dosed warfarin. [Baseline vitamin K status was assessed using plasma vitamin K-1 and vitamin K-1 2.3 epoxide concentrations, and a questionnaire-based estimation of usual vitamin K intake. Warfarin sensitivity was assessed as the increase in the International Normalized Ratio (INR) after two doses of 5 mg of warfarin and as the 4-d accumulation of under-gamma -carboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II). adjusted for warfarin dose requirement. Multivariate models were used to assess vitamin K variables as predictors of warfarin sensitivity The mean INR increase was 0.53 U and the mean PIVKA-II increase was 771 ng/ml/mg warfarin. Demographic factors were not associated with warfarin response. For each 1 standard deviation (SD) lower value of plasma vitamin K-1, but not the other vitamin K variables, the INR rose 0.24 U (P less than or equal to 0.01). A higher usual vitamin K intake and plasma vitamin K-1, and lower plasma vitamin K-1 2.3 epoxide, were all associated with a lower PIVKA-II increase over 4 d, Respective differences in PIVKA-II accumulation per SD increase of each variable were -165, -218 and 236 ngl ml/mg warfarin (all P less than or equal to 0.05). We concluded that dietary and biochemical measures of vitamin K status were associated with early warfarin sensitivity. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Med, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Pathol, Burlington, VT USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Fletcher Allen Hlth Care, Dept Pharmacotherapy, Burlington, VT USA. RP Cushman, M (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Med, 208 S Pk Dr,Suite 2, Colchester, VT 05446 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR109]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K08 HL03618]; PHS HHS [T32 07594-09] NR 17 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1048 J9 BRIT J HAEMATOL JI Br. J. Haematol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 112 IS 3 BP 572 EP 577 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02635.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 414TL UT WOS:000167682200008 PM 11260056 ER PT J AU Mantiri, FR Samuels, GJ Rahe, JE Honda, BM AF Mantiri, FR Samuels, GJ Rahe, JE Honda, BM TI Phylogenetic relationships in Neonectria species having Cylindrocarpon anamorphs inferred from mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Ascomycetes; Hypocreales; Nectria; systematics; tree pathogens ID MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; CHARACTERS; DIVERGENT; FUSARIUM; NECTRIA AB Mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rDNA sequences elucidated phylogenetic relationships in Neonectria Wollenw. (anamorphs = Cylindrocarpon Wollenw.; Ascomycetes, Hypocreales). Twelve isolates representing seven species in five taxonomically informal groups of Neonectria were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Fusarium inflexum R. Schneid. (teleomorph: Gibberella) and Nectria cinnabarina (Fr.) Fr. (= Nectria s.str.) were outgroups. All of the Neonectria species formed a strongly supported clade with respect to the outgroups, indicating a single ascomycete genus for the holomorphs of Cylindrocarpon. Within the Neonectria clade there were three well-supported subclades that only partially corresponded to phenotype-defined groups. DNA sequence divergence among the twelve Neonectria isolates, 2.3-7.4%, was sufficient to resolve them. The results suggest that the mtSSU rDNA region is appropriate for phylogenetic analysis of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon. The following new combinations are proposed: Neonectria coronata, Neonectria discophora, Neonectria neomacrospora, Neonectria radicicola, Neonectria rugulosa, Neonectria veuillotiana. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 418QY UT WOS:000167903900010 ER PT J AU Smith, ML Martin, ME AF Smith, ML Martin, ME TI A plot-based method for rapid estimation of forest canopy chemistry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; FOLIAGE-HEIGHT PROFILES; LEAF-AREA INDEX; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CARBON-FRACTION; PATTERNS; MINERALIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; LITTER AB In this study we present a rapid method to scale the leaf-level chemistry of forest stands to the whole-canopy level. The method combines simple leaf-level measurements of mass and chemistry with a camera-based technique to estimate the fractional distribution of species' foliage area in a forest canopy. Results using this methodology for the estimation of whole-canopy N concentration (g/100 g) are presented and are shown to be comparable with those derived directly from litter fall collection. The ability to efficiently scale leaf-level traits to whole forest canopies enhances our ability to examine key relationships associated with these traits at various levels from the leaf to the forest stand and, with remote sensing technologies, to larger landscapes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Smith, ML (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1139/cjfr-31-3-549 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412YJ UT WOS:000167582600017 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Schreuder, HT Czaplewski, RL AF Williams, MS Schreuder, HT Czaplewski, RL TI Accuracy and efficiency of area classifications based on tree tally SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INVENTORY; ERROR AB Inventory data are often used to estimate the area of the land base that is classified as a specific condition class. Examples include areas classified as old-growth forest, private ownership, or suitable habitat for a given species. Many inventory programs rely on classification algorithms of varying complexity to determine condition class. These algorithms can be simple decision trees applied in the field or computer calculations applied on a field data recorder or after the data are collected. The advantages to using these algorithms are consistent classification of the condition class, reduced crew training, and the ability to define new condition classes after the data are collected, which will be referred to as postclassification. We discuss three types of the errors that can occur when these types of algorithms are employed and quantify the potential for error with examples. The examples are substantial oversimplifications of the true problem, but they show how difficult it is to determine anything but the most general condition classes using plot data alone. A discussion of how condition class is scale dependent and some general guidelines and recommendations are given. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150 A Ctr Dr,Suite 350, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 556 EP 560 DI 10.1139/cjfr-31-3-556 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 412YJ UT WOS:000167582600018 ER PT J AU Gagliardi, JV Angle, JS Germida, JJ Wyndham, RC Chanway, CP Watson, RJ Greer, CW Mclntyre, T Yu, HH Levin, MA Russek-Cohen, E Rosolen, S Nairn, J Seib, A Martin-Heller, T Wisse, G AF Gagliardi, JV Angle, JS Germida, JJ Wyndham, RC Chanway, CP Watson, RJ Greer, CW Mclntyre, T Yu, HH Levin, MA Russek-Cohen, E Rosolen, S Nairn, J Seib, A Martin-Heller, T Wisse, G TI Intact soil-core microcosms compared with multi-site field releases for pre-release testing of microbes in diverse soils and climates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microcosm; soil; microbiology; risk assessment; 3732RN-L11 ID PSEUDOMONAS-AUREOFACIENS LACZY; GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS; WATER MICROCOSMS; WHEAT ROOTS; LAKE WATER; TAKE-ALL; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; RHIZOBACTERIUM; COLONIZATION AB Intact soil-core microcosms were used to compare persistence of Pseudomonas chlororaphis 3732RN-L11 in fallow soil and on wheat roots with field releases at diverse sites. Parallel field and microcosm releases at four sites in 1996 were repeated with addition of one site in 1997. Microcosms were obtained fresh and maintained at 60% soil water holding capacity in a growth chamber at 70% relative humidity, a 12-hour photoperiod, and constant temperature. Persistence of 3732RN-L11 was measured at each site in field plots and microcosms at 7-21 day intervals, and in duplicate microcosms sampled at an independent laboratory. Linear regression slopes of field plot and microcosm persistence were compared for each site, and between identical microcosms sampled at different sites, using log(10) transformed plate counts. Microcosm persistence closely matched field plots for wheat roots, but persistence in fallow soil differed significantly in several instances where persistence in field plots was lower than in microcosms. Analysis of weather variations at each site indicated that rainfall events of 30-40 mm caused decreased persistence in fallow soil. Cooler temperatures enhanced persistence in field plots at later time points. Inter-laboratory comparison of regression slopes showed good agreement for data generated at different sites, though in mio instances, longer sampling periods at one site caused significant differences between the sites. Soil characteristics were compared and it was found that fertility, namely the carbon to nitrogen ratio, and the presence of expanding clays, were related to persistence. These microcosm protocols produced reliable data at low cost, and were useable for pre-release risk analyses for microorganisms. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Carleton Univ, Inst Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Soil Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. McGill Univ, Natl Res Council Canada, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. Environm Canada, Biotechnol Advancement Program, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Hlth Canada, Environm Subst Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gagliardi, JV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 151 Dixon Dr,Suite 4, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 47 IS 3 BP 237 EP 252 DI 10.1139/cjm-47-3-237 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 418DF UT WOS:000167873900008 PM 11315115 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Nelson, DL Clement, S AF Meyer, SE Nelson, DL Clement, S TI Evidence for resistance polymorphism in the Bromus tectorum Ustilago bullata pathosystem: implications for biocontrol SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; disease; downy brome; pathogen races; smut; virulence ID SEED-GERMINATION REGULATION; RACE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; DEMOGRAPHY; GENETICS; GRASSES; POACEAE; TIME AB Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass or downy brome) is an important exotic weed in natural ecosystems as well as in winter cereal cropland in semiarid western North America. The systemic, seedling-infecting head smut pathogen Ustilago bullata Berk, commonly infects cheatgrass stands, often at epidemic levels. We examined factors controlling U. bullata infection levels in greenhouse studies with parental lines of four B. tectorum populations from contrasting habitats and U. bullata bulk teliospore collections from within the four populations. The U. bullata infection process appeared to have broad environmental tolerances, so that it was relatively simple to develop a protocol for obtaining high infection percentages in susceptible lines. Bromus tectorum populations generally showed highest infection levels when inoculated with locally collected U. bullata teliospores. This effect was most marked for the warm desert population, which was completely resistant to U. bullata collected from other areas, but 100% susceptible to locally collected inoculum. Two of the four populations showed major differences in susceptibility among parental lines, with the differences most pronounced when nonlocal inoculum was used. Ln preliminary trials with paired monosporidial isolates, two paired isolates infected all nine inbred lines to levels near 100%, while a third paired isolate was pathogenic on only five of the nine lines. These results demonstrate resistance polymorphism both among and within B. tectorum populations. This polymorphism may be important in developing strategies for the use of U. bullata as a biocontrol agent for B. tectorum. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOL SOC PI GUELPH PA DEPT ENVIRON BIOL/UNIV GUELPH CAN. J PLANT PATHOL. DR. ROBERT HALL, GUELPH, ONTARIO N1G 2W1, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 23 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 412RA UT WOS:000167567100004 ER PT J AU Schaad, NW Song, W Hutcheson, S Dane, F AF Schaad, NW Song, W Hutcheson, S Dane, F TI Gene tagging systems for polymerase chain reaction based monitoring of bacteria released for biological control of weeds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE pathogen; identification; tagging; gene fragment ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; BEAN SEED; ENVIRONMENT; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL; CLUSTER AB A prerequisite to release of any modified pathogen into the environment, regardless of origin, is a reliable method for it's absolute identification from other strains. Several techniques are available, including lacZY gene of Escherichia coli, moc gene of Pseudomona fluorescens, green fluorescent protein, and lux gene. The latter has worked well for tracking plant pathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in cabbage fields. We describe in detail a newly developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genomic scheme utilizing a 0.52-kilobase (kb) fatty acid desaturase (DES) fragment of the unique tox-argK gene cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola for tagging pathogenic xanthomonads released for biological control of weeds. The fragment is inserted into pGX15, a cosmid clone containing a 10.3-kb EcoR1-HindIII fragment with pigG of the xanthomonadin gene of pIG102 to make pGXP6. A 10.8-kb fragment of pGXP6 is then inserted into pLAFR3 to make pLXP22. Finally, the marked strain is constructed by inserting the unique 0.52-kb DES fragment of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola into a XmaI site within the pigG transcriptional unit on chromosomal DNA using pLXP22 and marker exchange. Results show that DES-tagged strains of X. campestris pv. convolvuli are stable and easily identified by PCR. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOL SOC PI GUELPH PA DEPT ENVIRON BIOL/UNIV GUELPH CAN. J PLANT PATHOL. DR. ROBERT HALL, GUELPH, ONTARIO N1G 2W1, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 23 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 412RA UT WOS:000167567100006 ER PT J AU Weiland, JJ Halloin, JM AF Weiland, JJ Halloin, JM TI Benzimidazole resistance in Cercospora beticola sampled from sugarbeet fields in Michigan, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; thiophanate methyl; fungicide resistance ID MULTIPLE FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE; LEAF-SPOT; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; BEET; YIELD AB Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves infected with Cercospora beticola Sacc. were collected in 44 and 48 grower fields in Michigan in 1998 and 1999, respectively, following reports of the inadequacy of benzimidazole fungicides in controlling leaf spot disease. Spores resistant to thiophanate methyl (TM), a representative benzimidazole fungicide, could be obtained from the leaves. Resistance was determined by radial mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar amended with 5 mug/mL TM. In 1998, viable conidia of C. beticola were isolated from 556 individual leaf spots; 115 of these isolates, from 21 of the 44 growers' fields, were resistant to TM. In 1999, viable conidia were isolated from 441 leaf spots; 365 of these isolates were resistant to TM, and resistant isolates were obtained from all but one of the fields sampled. This is the first report of detection of TM resistance in C. beticola, in Michigan, indicating that alternative measures should be implemented to reduce resistance to benzimidazole and other fungicides in Michigan C. beticola populations. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOL SOC PI GUELPH PA DEPT ENVIRON BIOL/UNIV GUELPH CAN. J PLANT PATHOL. DR. ROBERT HALL, GUELPH, ONTARIO N1G 2W1, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 23 IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 412RA UT WOS:000167567100012 ER PT J AU Bryant, RJ Kadan, RS Champagne, ET Vinyard, BT Boykin, D AF Bryant, RJ Kadan, RS Champagne, ET Vinyard, BT Boykin, D TI Functional and digestive characteristics of extruded rice flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXTRUSION-COOKING; STARCH DIGESTIBILITY; GLYCEMIC RESPONSE; AMYLOSE CONTENT; INVITRO; INVIVO; WHEAT; AVAILABILITY; PRODUCTS; FOODS AB Waxy (short grain), long grain, and parboiled (long grain) rice flours were extruded using three different temperatures and five different water feed rates. The water absorption and water solubility index of the extrudates was 0.67-5.86 and 86.45-10.03%, respectively The fat absorption index was similar to that of unextruded flours with an average value of 0.96 g/g +/- 0.12. Bulk density decreased with an increase in moisture, except waxy rice, which had a quadratic relationship. The viscosity profiles for long grain and parboiled rice were similar. Both initially increased in viscosity (>130 RVU), then decreased to approximate to 40 RVU. The final viscosity was approximate to 60 RVU. Waxy rice viscosity remained low (<20 RVU), then doubled upon cooling. The main difference in the digestion profiles was due to temperature. The flours extruded at 100C digested significantly slower than those extruded at 125 and 150 degreesC. Significant differences were not detected for a given temperature and moisture (P > 0.05) except for long grain and parboiled rice extruded at 100 degreesC and 15% added moisture (F = 4.48, P = 0.03) and 150 degreesC and 20% added moisture (F = 3.72, P = 0.05). Moisture appeared to have little effect for a given temperature, except when parboiled rice was extruded at 150 degreesC. The digestion rate for 11 and 25% added moisture was significantly less than that for 20% (P less than or equal to 0.05). C1 ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. ARS, USDA, REE, Off Director, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Mid S Area Off, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bryant, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 287, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.2.131 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409MQ UT WOS:000167387800006 ER PT J AU Osborne, BG Jackson, R Delwiche, SR AF Osborne, BG Jackson, R Delwiche, SR TI Rapid prediction of wheat endosperm compressive strength properties using the single-kernel characterization system SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Recent advances in the understanding of the fundamental physical properties of wheat and its mode of breakage during milling (Dobraszczyk 1994) have shown that considerable variation occurs in the mechanical strength of endosperm from different cultivars and from different kernels of the same cultivar. It has further been demonstrated (Scanlon et al 1998) that the properties of a bulk sample can be predicted from those of individual kernels within the sample. Although compressive strength measurements on endosperm specimens isolated from single kernels probably provide the best description of the mechanical properties of wheat endosperm and are useful to the understanding of milling operations, the experimental procedure is very laborious and time consuming. Thus, it would be practical to develop a rapid single-kernel method for obtaining the same information. Previously, measures of the compressive strength properties of endosperm were related to two measurements of wheat hardness: MR reflectance on ground grain and the single-kernel characterization system (SKCS 4100) using a set of U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference materials (Delwiche 2000). The SKCS 4100 was developed to provide an objective method for classification of wheat as hard, soft, or mixed according to the distribution of hardness values for a number of individual kernels (Martin et al 1993). The hardness value is calculated from measurements of the force required to crush each kernel, expressed as a crush force profile. This article reports direct relationships between the compressive strength measurements and SKCS 4100 crush force profile data using the same set of NIST samples. C1 BRI Australia Ltd, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Osborne, BG (reprint author), BRI Australia Ltd, POB 7, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 142 EP 143 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.2.142 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409MQ UT WOS:000167387800008 ER PT J AU Xu, JY Bietz, JA Felker, FC Carriere, CJ Wirtz, D AF Xu, JY Bietz, JA Felker, FC Carriere, CJ Wirtz, D TI Rheological properties of vital wheat gluten suspensions SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONCENTRATED ISOTROPIC SOLUTIONS; SEMIFLEXIBLE POLYMERS; STARCH DOUGHS; VISCOELASTICITY; FLOUR; PROTEINS; QUALITY AB Flour and doughs represent theologically complex materials whose properties are dependent on many factors including processing conditions. To avoid some of the problems associated with the rheological characterization of dough, we have initiated a study focused on the rheological properties of one of the major components of dough, vital wheat gluten. Suspensions of vital wheat gluten were prepared with concentrations of 225-325 mg/mL. The moduli of the gluten suspensions was 0.2 Pa at 225 mg/mL to 37 Pa at 325 mg/mL. At <250 mg/mL, the gluten suspensions exhibited fluidlike behavior. The crossover frequency, (G'[] = G"[omega]) shifted slightly from 0.5 rad/sec at 225 mg/mL to 0.9 rad/sec at 250 mg/mL. At >300 mg/mL, the gluten suspensions exhibited solidlike behavior. The crossover frequencies were independent of concentration and equal to 100 rad/sec. At <250 mg/mL, the high-frequency behavior of moduli were proportional to (3/4), as expected for a semiflexible coil. At >300 mg/mL, the high-frequency behavior of moduli were proportional to omega (1/2), indicating a flexible coil. These results suggest vital wheat gluten suspensions undergo a structural change between 250 and 300 mg/mL. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Carriere, CJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Wirtz, Denis/A-3257-2010 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.2.181 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409MQ UT WOS:000167387800015 ER PT J AU Doner, LW Johnston, DB AF Doner, LW Johnston, DB TI Isolation and characterization of cellulose/arabinoxylan residual mixtures from corn fiber gum processes SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ALKALINE; EXTRACTION; PRODUCTS AB White, fluffy cellulose/arabinoxylan mixtures (CAX) were generated from the solid residues remaining after corn fiber gum (CFG) production. Most CAX were produced using variations of a process in which a single alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) step was used for delignification and for CFG (arabinoxylan) extraction. The optimal ratio of H2O2 to corn fiber to water was 0.1:1:20. Holding this ratio constant, time and temperature conditions were systematically varied and yields of CAX and CFG determined. Parallel processes were conducted without H2O2 to determine its effect on CAX and CFG yield. CAX prepared under identical conditions but without H2O2 retained nearly twice the levels of CFG sugars, as revealed from carabinose, D-xylose, and D,L-galactose levels. Even the CAX prepared under extreme AHP conditions (1 hr, 100 degreesC), however, contained 32.9% of these CFG sugars. This CAX was obtained in a 25.1% yield whereas those produced under less vigorous conditions were obtained in higher yields, because they retained more CFG. CAX prepared in the presence of H2O2 hydrated very effectively, as indicated by their high swollen volumes and water absorbance values. This suggests potential food applications for CAX as a bulking agent. In addition, the open structure of the CAX matrix would render these residues suitable for chemical derivatization and enzymatic saccharification. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Doner, LW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 2 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.2.200 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 409MQ UT WOS:000167387800018 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Larsen, G Feil, V AF Hakk, H Larsen, G Feil, V TI Tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE pharmacokinetics; environmental contaminants; biotransformation; mass spectrometry; proton NMR; enterohepatic circulation ID NON-BILIARY EXCRETION; 2-CHLORO-N-ISOPROPYLACETANILIDE PROPACHLOR; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; DIOXINS; STRAIN AB A tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism study was conducted using a relatively non-toxic dioxin congener, i.e., 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1278-TCDD), to gain a better understanding of mammalian metabolism of dioxins. Conventional, bile duct cannulated, and germ free male rats were administered mg/kg quantities as a single oral dose. Elimination of 1278-TCDD was largely complete by 72 h. Distribution of [C-14]1278-TCDD was low in all tissues examined. Metabolites were identified in urine, bile, and feces by negative ion FAB-MS and H-1-NMR, or GC/MS. The major fecal metabolite was a NIH-shifted hydroxylated TCDD. The bile contained a glucuronide conjugate of this hydroxy TCDD, and a diglucuronide conjugate of a dihydroxy-triCDD. The major metabolites in urine were glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 4,5-dichlorocatechol. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), USDA, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2001 VL 42 IS 8 BP 975 EP 983 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00131-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401WV UT WOS:000166952600013 PM 11272921 ER PT J AU Adone, R Ciuchini, F Olsen, S AF Adone, R Ciuchini, F Olsen, S TI Field validation of the use of RB51 as antigen in a complement fixation test to identify calves vaccinated with Brucella abortus RB51 SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC RESPONSES; MUTANT STRAINS; CATTLE AB In order to confirm the efficiency of an experimental RB51-based complement fixation (CF) test in identifying cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51, 831 sera from 110 vaccinated and 48 unvaccinated Hereford heifers of Iowa, collected for studies conducted in different years, were sent to Italy without coding to be tested in a CF test using RB51 as antigen. Most of the calves, aged from 3 to 10 months, were vaccinated subcutaneously with the recommended dosage of 10(10) CFU of RB51 commercial vaccine, while only six calves received 10(9) CFU of the same vaccine. Serum samples for serologic testing, collected until 16 postinoculation weeks (PIW), were also tested by routine surveillance tests for brucellosis such as rose bengal plate and CF tests performed, with B. abortus smooth strain 99 as control antigen. RB51 CF test results obtained by testing sera from cattle vaccinated in 1999 indicate that the sensitivity of the reaction is 97% at 2 to 3 PIW and 90% until 8 PIW and decreases to 65% at 12 PIW, the specificity remaining at 100%, Collectively, the results of this study confirm that serologic standard tests fail to detect antibodies to RB51 while the RB51-based CF test is able to monitor antibody responses to RB51 until 15 to 16 PIW with a specificity of 100%. In addition, unlike the RB51-based dot blot assay, which is the only test currently used to monitor antibody responses to RB51, the CF test also detected specific responses following vaccination with 109 CFU of RB51, although seroconversion was only 50% at 8 PIW, In conclusion, because of high specificity and sensitivity, the CF test described here can be used to efficaciously monitor serologic responses following RB51 vaccination in cattle and could also be employed to detect RB51 infection in humans exposed to this strain. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Lab Med Vet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Adone, R (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Lab Med Vet, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 385 EP 387 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.2.385-387.2001 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 409FF UT WOS:000167373300029 PM 11238226 ER PT J AU Nelson, DR Tissot, M Nelson, LJ Fatland, CL Gordon, DM AF Nelson, DR Tissot, M Nelson, LJ Fatland, CL Gordon, DM TI Novel wax esters and hydrocarbons in the cuticular surface lipids of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl-branched hydrocarbons; cuticular hydrocarbons; cuticular wax esters; mass spectrometry; ants; Pagonomyrmex barbatus; red harvester ant ID DUFOURS GLAND SECRETION; BEE APIS-MELLIFERA; RETICULITERMES ISOPTERA; ADULT WHITEFLIES; UNITED-STATES; TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ALEURODICUS-DUGESII; HELICOVERPA-ZEA AB The cuticular surface lipids of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, were found to contain minor amounts of novel wax esters, in addition to the major components, hydrocarbons. The wax esters ranged in carbon number from C19 to C31 and consisted of esters of both odd- and even-numbered alcohols and acids. Each wax ester with a given carbon number eluted at several different retention times indicating possible methyl branching in either the fatty acid or alcohol moiety, or in bath moieties. Each eluting peak of wax esters consisted of a mixture of wax esters of the same carbon number in which the fatty acid moiety ranged from Cs to C18, and the alcohol moiety ranged from C8 to C17. Some wax esters were largely found on the head indicating they may be of a glandular origin. The hydrocarbons consisted of: n-alkanes, C23 to C33; odd-numbered n-alkenes, C27 to C35; and the major components, methyl-branched alkanes, C26 to over C49. Notable components of the methyl-branched alkanes were 2-methyltriacontane, and the novel trimethylalkanes with a single methylene between the first and second branch points, 13,15,19-trimethylhentriacontane and 13,15,21-trimethyltritriacontane. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Nelson, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 128 IS 3 BP 575 EP 595 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(00)00354-7 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 412TB UT WOS:000167569500021 PM 11250553 ER PT J AU Gates, RS Chao, K Sigrimis, N AF Gates, RS Chao, K Sigrimis, N TI Identifying design parameters for fuzzy control of staged ventilation control systems SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IFAC Workshop on Control Applications and Ergonomics in Agriculture (CAEA 98) CY JUN 14-17, 1998 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Int Fed Automat Control, Tech Comm Agr Automat, Commiss Int Genie Rural, European Soc Agr Engn, Agr Univ Athens, Tech Chambers Greece DE agricultural building; broiler; simulation model; fuzzy logic; fuzzy control; thermal environment; heat flow ID ENVIRONMENT AB Conventional staged ventilation systems are commonly used in agriculture to maintain interior environments near desired conditions for livestock housing and greenhouses. This paper identifies design parameters for fuzzy-based control of these staged ventilation systems. A simple non-steady state heat balance is used in conjunction with a broiler house simulation model, and coupled with a model for the control system, to simulate control system performance. Difficulties with implementation of conventional staged ventilation control, and the proposed fuzzy inference technique, arise because of the discontinuous nature of these highly non-linear systems. Comparisons between the new fuzzy stage controller and conventional staged control are made. Effects of varying the identified design parameters for the fuzzy stage controller, including different degrees of control precision and energy use, rule base complexity, and the rate of change of house temperature are made. Results indicate that existing staged ventilation control systems which utilize microprocessors could realize significantly enhanced control flexibility by a simple software modification to incorporate the fuzzy staged controller method. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Univ Athens, Dept Agr Engn, Athens, Greece. RP Gates, RS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RI Gates, Richard/M-4367-2014 OI Gates, Richard/0000-0003-2812-1739 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00174-5 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 409WN UT WOS:000167408800006 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Wagner, RS Forsman, ED Mullins, TD AF Haig, Susan M. Wagner, R. Steven Forsman, Eric D. Mullins, Thomas D. TI Geographic variation and genetic structure in Spotted Owls SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE conservation unit; geographic variation; population structure; Spotted Owls ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; RAPD ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; PUERTO-RICO; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; DISTANCE AB We examined genetic variation, population structure, and definition of conservation units in Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis). Spotted Owls are mostly non-migratory, long-lived, socially monogamous birds that have decreased population viability due to their occupation of highly-fragmented late successional forests in western North America. To investigate potential effects of habitat fragmentation on population structure, we used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to examine genetic variation hierarchically among local breeding areas, subregional groups, regional groups, and subspecies via sampling of 21 breeding areas (276 individuals) among the three subspecies of Spotted Owls. Data from 11 variable bands suggest a significant relationship between geographic distance among local breeding groups and genetic distance (Mantel r = 0.53, P < 0.02) although multi-dimensional scaling of three significant axes did not identify significant grouping at any hierarchical level. Similarly, neighbor-joining clustering of Manhattan distances indicated geographic structure at all levels and identified Mexican Spotted Owls as a distinct clade. RAPD analyses did not clearly differentiate Northern Spotted Owls from California Spotted Owls. Among Northern Spotted Owls, estimates of population differentiation (F-ST) ranged from 0.27 among breeding areas to 0.11 among regions. Concordantly, within-group agreement values estimated via multi-response permutation procedures of Jaccard's distances ranged from 0.22 among local sites to 0.11 among regions. Pairwise comparisons of F-ST and geographic distance within regions suggested only the Klamath region was in equilibrium with respect to gene flow and genetic drift. Merging nuclear data with recent mitochondrial data provides support for designation of an Evolutionary Significant Unit for Mexican Spotted Owls and two overlapping Management Units for Northern and California Spotted Owls. C1 [Haig, Susan M.; Wagner, R. Steven; Mullins, Thomas D.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Susan_Haig@USGS.Gov FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX Success of this project was contingent on the cooperation of many Spotted Owl biologists from throughout the species' range. We thank the following individuals and their agencies or institutions for assistance in collecting samples: R. Anthony, J. Blakesly, L. Diller, R. Forsan, R. Gerhardt, M. Hansen, G. King, P. Loschl, J. Reed, D. Rock, B. Sheehy, S. Sovern, G. Steger, J. Thrailkill, F. Wagner, and B. Woodbridge. Furthermore, we are most grateful for the advice we received from: F. Allendorf, L. Gorman, R. Fleischer, K. Krutovskii, B. McCune, F. Ramsey, K. Scribner, and N. Warnock. We thank J. Brzustowski and C. Strobeck for altering the assignment test program so we could analyze dominant markers. Lab assistance was provided by: D. Kirkbride, D. Murphy, M. Rhodes, and S. Warnock. This project was funded by the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. NR 91 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 2 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1023/A:1011561101460 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA V22NN UT WOS:000208282000003 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Johnson, WC Delorme, R Gepts, P AF Miklas, PN Johnson, WC Delorme, R Gepts, P TI QTL conditioning physiological resistance and avoidance to white mold in dry bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED LINKAGE MAP; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; GERMPLASM LINES; DISEASE; CLUSTER; ARCHITECTURE; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; BACTERIAL AB Physiological resistance is an important component of integrated strategies used to control white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary], a major disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in North America. Information pertaining to inheritance of physiological resistance, as detected by the greenhouse straw test, and its relationship with field resistance is lacking. The objectives of this study were to compare physiological resistance as detected by two separate straw tests with field resistance, evaluate heritability of physiological resistance, and to characterize the disease reaction of G 122 by quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. This was done in a recombinant inbred population (A 55/G 122) consisting of 67 F-8-derived lines. The greenhouse tests with five and six replications, respectively, and the field test with three replications were conducted in randomized complete block designs. Moderate heritability for disease reaction (scored from 1 = no symptoms to 9 = severe disease) was observed across the straw tests (0.65) and in the field (0.78). Inheritance of disease reaction was further investigated dth a framework linkage map composed of 74 markers. Interval mapping detected a QTL on linkage group B7 near the phaseolin seed protein (Phs) locus that explained 38% of the phenotypic variation for disease score across the straw tests. The same B7 QTL (26%), and an additional QTL (18%) on B1 near the fin gene for determinate growth habit, conditioned field resistance. A QTL (34%) for canopy porosity, a measure of potential disease avoidance, also mapped to the fin locus. Results confirmed that physiological resistance as detected by the straw test was an integral component of field resistance, and that both physiological and avoidance mechanisms contributed to field resistance in the A 55/G 122 population. The landrace G 122 clearly provides breeders with a heritable source of physiological resistance to combat white mold disease. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RI Gepts, Paul/B-4417-2009 OI Gepts, Paul/0000-0002-1056-4665 NR 49 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 309 EP 315 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800005 ER PT J AU Asay, KH Jensen, KB Waldron, BL AF Asay, KH Jensen, KB Waldron, BL TI Responses of tail fescue cultivars to an irrigation gradient SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINE-SOURCE SPRINKLER; INFECTED TALL FESCUE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; GENETIC VARIANCES; ENDOPHYTE; PERFORMANCE; WHEATGRASS AB Seasonal availability of water is a major consideration in the management and selection of plant materials for irrigated pastures in the Intermountain West, USA. Objectives were to evaluate the forage field of 10 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) strains and cultivars across five irrigation levels and fo elucidate the effects of the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones & Gems) Glenn, Bacon & Hanlin an productivity and trends. a differ-source irrigation system was used in a 2-yr study, Significant differences were detected among the fan fescue entries for dry matter yield (DMY), and differences were relatively consistent across wafer levels (WL) as indicated by the nonsignificant cultivar x WL interaction and significant correlations among WL. Trends in DMY across WL were largely curvilinear; however, linear bends were much more predominant during the late summer and fall. Stability parameters, based on regression of cultivar x WL X year means on their respective WL x gear means, differed among cultivars in analyses including all harvests but were relatively uniform (b approximate to 1.0) for most cultivars later in the season. Differentes in DMY between 'Ky 31' tall fescue infected with the Neotyphodium endophyte and its endophyte-free counterpart confirms earlier reports of the positive effect of this fungal organism on forage yield in fall fescue, particularly in water-limited environments. Seasonal distribution of yield was primarily determined by water availability during the late summer and fall. The relative consistency in DMY of the cultivars across WL indicates that annual yield averaged across levels of wafer stress mould be a logical criterion for selection of germplasm for irrigated pastures in the Intermountain Region. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Asay, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 350 EP 357 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800011 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Bunce, JA Caulfield, FA AF Ziska, LH Bunce, JA Caulfield, FA TI Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and seed yield of soybean genotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; RAPHANUS-RAPHANISTRUM; ELEVATED CO2; WILD RADISH; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; RESPONSES; STIMULATION; ENRICHMENT; SEEDLINGS AB If intraspecific variation to rising atmospheric CO2 exists in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], such variation could be used to select for optimal, high-yielding cultivars. To quantify the range and determine the basis for variation in seed-yield with increasing CO2, eight ancestral and one modern soybean cultivar differing in determinacy, maturity group, and morphology were grown to reproductive maturity at two CO2 partial pressures, 40 Pa (ambient) and 71 Pa (elevated). Experiments were replicated three times in temperature controlled glasshouses during 1998 and 1999. Although all cultivars showed a significant increase in seed yield with elevated CO2,(similar to 40%) Mandarin, an ancestral indeterminate cultivar, showed a greater relative response of seed yield to increased CO2 than did all other cultivars (similar to 80%). The observed variation in seed yield response to CO2 was not correlated with any vegetative parameter. At maturity, significant correlations in the relative response of seed yield to CO2 were observed for both pod weight per plant and seed weight from branches. The later observation suggests that the sensitivity of seed yield response to CO2 was associated with plasticity in the ability to form new seed in axillary branches in a high CO2 environment. Genotypic differences in the seed yield response among existing ancestral soybeans suggests that sufficient germplasm is available for breeders to begin selecting lines which maximize soybean yield in response to increasing atmospheric CO2. C1 USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Bldg 046A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 385 EP 391 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800016 ER PT J AU Newman, YC Sollenberger, LE Boote, KJ Allen, LH Littell, RC AF Newman, YC Sollenberger, LE Boote, KJ Allen, LH Littell, RC TI Carbon dioxide and temperature effects on forage dry matter production SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOMA PEANUT; ESTABLISHMENT AB Atmospheric CO2 and temperature may significantly modify plant production. Grasslands occupy in excess of 25% of the Earth's land area, but grassland species have received limited attention from researchers studying climate change, A 3-yr study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on dry matter (DM) harvested from the CP legume (Florigraze' rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth,) and the C-4 grass 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Flugge), Both species were field grown in Millhopper fine sand (loamy siliceous Grossarenic Paleudult) in temperature-gradient greenhouses under different CO2 (360 and 700 mu mol mol(-1)) and temperature conditions (baseline [B], B+1.5, B+3.0, and B+4.5 degreesC, where B equaled ambient temperature), Plots (2 by 5 m) were harvested three times in 1996 and four times each in 1997 and 1998, Analyzed across years, yield increased 25% for RP (P = 0.02) and tended to increase for BG (15%; P = 0.18) with the near doubling of CO2, but there was species by CO2 interaction (P = 0.06) as a result of the greater response to CO2 by the C) legume, There was a positive effect of increasing temperature on yield of both species. Averaged across species, yield increased 11% in 1996, 12% in 1997, and 26% in 1998 as temperature increased from B to B+4.5 degreesC. Under well-watered conditions in this experiment, elevated CO2 increased DM harvested of a C-3 legume and tended to increase that of a C-4 grass, while the yield response to increasing temperature was positive for both species. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sollenberger, LE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 399 EP 406 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800018 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Asay, KH Waldron, BL AF Jensen, KB Asay, KH Waldron, BL TI Dry matter production of orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass at five irrigation levels SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; RUSSIAN WILDRYE; SEED PRODUCTION; REGISTRATION AB Within the Great Basin, availability of irrigation water throughout the growing season is the limiting factor in the development of improved pastures. The choice of species and their water requirements are critical factors for providing a stable source of forage throughout the grazing season. A line-source irrigation system was used from 1995 to 1998 to evaluate dry matter (DM) production and seasonal forage distribution of nine orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) hybrid cultivars along with check cultivars of meadow brome (Bromus riparius Rehm.) and smooth brome (B. inermis Leyss.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski] x bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Level hybrids (RS) under five irrigation levels ranging from 41 to 91 cm per year. Mean DM production rankings across water levels combined over gears mere tall fescue > orchardgrass > meadow brome > RS-hybrid > smooth brome > perennial ryegrass-hybrids. The DR I production response across water levels was largely linear with a minor but significant quadratic component at lower water rates. Tall fescue was most responsive (i.e., produced more DM production) to increased irrigation rates. At lower water levels, meadow brome outyielded orchardgrass. However, when water was not limited, orchardgrass outyielded meadow brome. The RS hybrid and smooth brome had relatively low DM production at both low and high water levels. Ail species produced significantly (P < 0.01) more DM than perennial ryegrass at lower water levels. Under limited irrigation, tall fescue and meadow brome will produce more DM. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 479 EP 487 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800029 ER PT J AU Matthews, BF Devine, TE Weisemann, JM Beard, HS Lewers, KS MacDonald, MH Park, YB Maiti, R Lin, JJ Kuo, J Pedroni, MJ Cregan, PB Saunders, JA AF Matthews, BF Devine, TE Weisemann, JM Beard, HS Lewers, KS MacDonald, MH Park, YB Maiti, R Lin, JJ Kuo, J Pedroni, MJ Cregan, PB Saunders, JA TI Incorporation of sequenced cDNA and genomic markers into the soybean genetic map SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEMATODE RESISTANCE GENE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; LINKAGE; EXPRESSION; CLONING; RFLP; IDENTIFICATION; SYNTHASE; PROTEIN AB The soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr,] expressed sequence tagged (EST) database is growing rapidly and promises to be a valuable resource for discovering agronomically important genes. Genetic maps featuring cDNA clones of known sequence and function are import ant because association of genes with phenotypes will increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms affecting valuable agronomic traits. Our objective is to place sequenced cDNA (EST) and genomic clones on an anchored soybean genetic map. The genetic mapping of these markers was conducted by standard restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques with an F-2 population of 149 individuals derived from a cross between two publicly available soybean genotypes cv, Noir I (PI 290136) and BARC-2 (Rj(4)) (PI 547895). DNA sequences of mapped EST and genomic clones were compared with accessions in GenBank, and significance sequence similarities are reported. The ESTs were more Likely than the genomic clones to have a significant similarity; to a GenBank accession,Because the objective was to map ESTs and sequenced genomic clones, only the 24 linkage groups (1200 cM) containing the 39 mapped EST and sequenced genomic clone markers plus the four phenotypic traits roof fluorescence (Fr-2), seed coat color (I), flower color (W-1) and nodulation response (Rj(4)) were presented. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were added to increase marker density. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were included to align this map with of her soybean maps. The population has been further advanced to develop a F-8:9. recombinant inbred line population available to researchers interested in associating the mapped cDNAs with quantitatively inherited traits. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Life Technol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. Cheju Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Cheju, South Korea. RP Matthews, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 516 EP 521 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800033 ER PT J AU Jefferson, PG Mayland, HF Asay, KH Berdahl, JD AF Jefferson, PG Mayland, HF Asay, KH Berdahl, JD TI Variation in mineral concentration and grass tetany potential among Russian wildrye accessions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; FORAGE AB Grass tetany or hypomagnesemic tetany in cattle (Bos taurus) is caused by an imbalance of K, Ca, and Mg in the diet. Indications of grass tetany range from reduced milk yield or weight gain to severe convulsions and death. The risk of grass tetany dramatically increases when the K/(Mg + Ca) ratio of forage exceeds 2.2, especially for dams during early lactation. Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], a valuable forage species, has ratios well above this level. Our objectives were to determine the mineral concentration and ratio values for 65 accessions of Russian wildrye to select germplasm sources with low tetany ratio and to determine the effects of year, location, and their interactions with accessions. Seedlings of each accession and two checks, Syn A and Mankota, were established in replicated space-plant nurseries at Logan, UT, Mandan, ND, and Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada. Years-within-location effects generally produced the largest variance component, while the accession variance was larger than location x accession and location x accession X year interaction variances for K, Ca, Mg, K/(Mg + Ca) ratio, and Reduced Tetany Potential (RTP) index. Selection for these traits in Russian wildrye germplasm will require multiple years to characterize adequately accessions, breeding lines, or synthetics. The K/(Ca + Mg) ratio of the accessions tested ranged from 2.2 to 3.0 when averaged across sites and years for V4 growth stage. A similar range of ratio values and ranking of the accessions was observed at the E2 growth stage. The three tetraploid accessions evaluated were among the five accessions with the highest tetany ratios. Previously reported forage yield and seed yield means were significantly correlated with K, Mg, and N concentrations and K/(Ca + Mg) ratio. The RTP index was not correlated with forage yield, seed yield, or N concentration. Therefore, selection in Russian wildrye should be based on increased RTP index rather than K concentration or K/(Ca + Mg) ratio to avoid concomitant unintentional selection of reduced forage yield and seed yield. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Jefferson, PG (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, POB 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 543 EP 548 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800037 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ de los Santos, GG AF Steiner, JJ de los Santos, GG TI Adaptive ecology of Lotus corniculatus L. genotypes: I. Plant morphology and RAPD maker characterizations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; COMPLEX; ORIGIN AB Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a highly variable and widely distributed Old-World perennial forage legume found in wild and naturalized populations throughout temperate regions of Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand, Understanding the relationships among birdsfoot trefoil morphologic, ecogeographic, and genetic characteristics may provide insights for better utilizing exotic germplasm. The objectives of this research were to (i) compare morphologic and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) classifications of 28 exotic and ecologically diverse genotypes from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) birdsfoot trefoil collection, and (ii) determine the relationships between genotype classifications and collecting-site eco-geographic features. Eighteen morphologic characteristics, 130 RAPD bands, and eight collecting-site ecogeographic characteristics were used fo classify the genotypes. The relatedness of genetic, morphologic, ecologic and geographic distances among the genotypes was measured using the product moment correlation. Genotype morphology. was related fo collecting-site distances from one another and ecologic similarity. Genetic relatedness was also associated with collecting-site ecology, and specific morphologic characteristics were associated with different ecogeographic features. The similarity between the genetic and ecologic classifications suggested that genotypes adapted fo similar habitats, even if geographically distant, have acquired similar phenotypes. Since RAPD descriptors were associated with the ecologic similarity of genotype collecting sites but not with their geographic closeness, classifications of birdsfoot trefoil should rely on both ecogeographic and morphologic characteristics of accessions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colegio Postgrad Ciencias Agr, Ctr Genet, Montecillo 56230, Texcoco, Mexico. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 46 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 552 EP 563 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800039 ER PT J AU de los Santos, GG Steiner, JJ Beuselinck, PR AF de los Santos, GG Steiner, JJ Beuselinck, PR TI Adaptive ecology of Lotus corniculatus L. genotypes: II. Crossing ability SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L,) is a widely distributed polymorphic Old-World perennial forage legume found in wild and naturalized populations throughout temperate regions of Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, and North and South America. Exotic birdsfoot trefoil germplasm has rarely been used for birdsfoot trefoil genetic enhancement, and information about its crossing ability with other exotics and commercial qualify germplasm is not available, The objectives of this research were to (i) characterize the crossing ability of 27 exotic birdsfoot trefoil genotypes with two genetically diverse hybridization testers, and (ii) determine if crossing ability among genotypes was related to their genetic background measured by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and their ecogeographic origins. Crossing ability was determined using reciprocal crosses with one commercial-quality germplasm and one exotic genotype tester, Ah possible crossing combinations for an eight-genotype subset were also determined, Crossing ability was measured as the percentage of pollinated flowers that set pods, FI progeny pollen viability, pod length, and seeds per pod, Self-genotype pod set and pollen viability were not correlated, Intermediate bridge crosses were identified that could potentially overcome specific cross incompatibilities and be used to obtain progeny for any combination of genotypes. Genotype-crossing ability was associated with ecogeographic features of the collecting site, but not with morphologic characteristics, This differs; from findings that other genotype morphologic characteristics are associated with ecogeographic origins and genetic similarities based on RAPD markers. Exotic birdsfoot trefoil genotypes can be utilized with commercial-quality germplasm using conventional crossing methods. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colegio Postgrad Ciencias Ciencias Agr, Montecillo 56230, Texcoco, Mexico. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 564 EP 570 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800040 ER PT J AU Clement, SL Elberson, LR Youssef, NN Davitt, CM Doss, RP AF Clement, SL Elberson, LR Youssef, NN Davitt, CM Doss, RP TI Incidence and diversity of Neotyphodium fungal endophytes in tall fescue from Morocco, Tunisia, and Sardinia SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACREMONIUM ENDOPHYTES; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; LOLIUM; GRASSES; ASSOCIATIONS; ACCESSIONS; VIABILITY; INFECTION; RYEGRASS; SEEDS AB There is a premium on having Neotyphodium germplasm available for temperate grass improvement programs because these fungal endophytes present opportunities for developing new grass-endophyte combinations for enhanced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Unfortunately; surveys have revealed a low incidence of Neotyphodium fungi in grass germplasm collections, This research surveyed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb,) accessions from a 1994 Australian-U.S. plant-collection trip to Morocco, Tunisia, and Italy (Sardinia) for viable Neotyphodium fungi and determined whether infected accessions harbor different Neotyphodium genotypes. Conidial measurements of isolates cultured on agar and bioassays of die differential survival of bird cherry-oat aphid [Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)] on infected accessions were used to characterize Neotyphodium diversity. A secondary objective determined the consistency of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect Neotyphodium fungi in fall, fescue. Neotyphodium was detected in 336 of 439 plants (76.5%) distributed among 104 accessions, of which 99 were endophyte-infected, Mean conidial lengths of 42 isolates ranged from 3.91 to 9.91 mum. Most of the isolates (71.4%) had conidia with mean lengths smaller than the lower limit (6.5 pm) characteristic of the tall fescue endophyte N. coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gems) Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin. In aphid assays, ah endophyte-free plants were susceptible to R, padi and all but two infected plants were resistant to this aphid, Thus, a Mediterranean plant-collection trip secured diverse Neotyphodium endophytes in tall fescue for storage in seed brinks, and a PCR assay defected Neotyphodium in tall fescue plants of diverse geographical origin. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Clement, SL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 42 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 570 EP 576 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800041 ER PT J AU Hannan, RM AF Hannan, RM TI Legume (Fabaceae) fruits and seeds: Interactive identification and information retrieval. SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Software Review C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hannan, RM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Rm 59,Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 582 EP 582 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800043 ER PT J AU Tai, PYP Glaz, B Miller, JD Follis, JE Comstock, JC AF Tai, PYP Glaz, B Miller, JD Follis, JE Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 92-1213' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, HCR Box 8, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 586 EP 587 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800049 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Follis, JE Tai, PYP Miller, JD Comstock, JC AF Glaz, B Follis, JE Tai, PYP Miller, JD Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 92-1666' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, HCR Box 8, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 587 EP 588 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800051 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Tai, PYP Glaz, B Follis, JE Comstock, JC AF Miller, JD Tai, PYP Glaz, B Follis, JE Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 92-1641' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, HCR Box 8, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 587 EP 587 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800050 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Martin, RJ St Martin, SK Calip-Dubois, A Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF AF Cooper, RL Martin, RJ St Martin, SK Calip-Dubois, A Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF TI Registration of 'Croton 3.9' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 588 EP 588 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800052 ER PT J AU Nickell, CD Noel, GR Cary, TR Thomas, DJ Diers, BW AF Nickell, CD Noel, GR Cary, TR Thomas, DJ Diers, BW TI Registration of 'Loda' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nickell, CD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 589 EP 590 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800054 ER PT J AU St Martin, SK Mills, GR Fioritto, RJ McIntyre, SA Schmitthenner, AF Dorrance, AE Cooper, RL AF St Martin, SK Mills, GR Fioritto, RJ McIntyre, SA Schmitthenner, AF Dorrance, AE Cooper, RL TI Registration of 'Kottman' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP St Martin, SK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 590 EP 591 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800056 ER PT J AU St Martin, SK Mills, GR Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Cooper, RL AF St Martin, SK Mills, GR Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Cooper, RL TI Registration of 'Darby' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP St Martin, SK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 590 EP 590 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800055 ER PT J AU St Martin, SK Mills, GR Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Cooper, RL AF St Martin, SK Mills, GR Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF Cooper, RL TI Registration of HS93-4118 soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP St Martin, SK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 591 EP 591 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800057 ER PT J AU Anderson, JA Johnson, GW Cox, DJ Moore, W Miller, JD Rasmussen, JB Francl, LJ AF Anderson, JA Johnson, GW Cox, DJ Moore, W Miller, JD Rasmussen, JB Francl, LJ TI Registration of 'Ransom' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ECHO, N Ft Myers, FL 33917 USA. ConAgra Grain Proc Co, Omaha, NE 68110 USA. N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 594 EP 595 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800062 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Vick, BA AF Miller, JF Vick, BA TI Registration of four high linoleic sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 602 EP 602 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800071 ER PT J AU Percy, RG AF Percy, RG TI Registration of PS-6ne, PS-6L degrees, PS-6neL degrees, P62ne, P62L degrees, and P62neL degrees extra-long staple cotton germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PIMA C1 USDA ARS, Maricopa Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Percy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Maricopa Res Ctr, 37860 W Smith Enke Rd, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 602 EP 603 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800072 ER PT J AU Kenty, MM Young, LD Kilen, TC AF Kenty, MM Young, LD Kilen, TC TI Registration of DMK93-9048 soybean germplasm with resistance to foliar feeding insects and stem canker and possessing high protein SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kilen, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 603 EP 603 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800073 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Shannon, MC Grieve, CM AF Dierig, DA Shannon, MC Grieve, CM TI Registration of WCL-SL1 salt tolerant Lesquerella fendleri germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 604 EP 605 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800075 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Tomasi, PM Dahlquist, GH AF Dierig, DA Tomasi, PM Dahlquist, GH TI Registration of WCL-LY2 high oil Lesquerella fendleri germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 604 EP 604 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800074 ER PT J AU Hang, AN Silbernagel, MJ Miklas, PN AF Hang, AN Silbernagel, MJ Miklas, PN TI Registration of large-seeded USWA-12 and USWA-13 virus-resistant great northern dry bean germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Hang, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 606 EP 606 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800077 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ AF Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ TI Registration of N316-N320 sorghum nuclear male-sterility genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 607 EP 607 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800078 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ AF Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ TI Registration of N321-N340 sorghum seed color/plant color genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 607 EP 607 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800079 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Beuselinck, PR AF Steiner, JJ Beuselinck, PR TI Registration of RG-BFT photoperiod insensitive and rapid-flowering autogamous birdsfoot trefoil genetic stock SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod, Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod, Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 607 EP 608 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445QZ UT WOS:000169469800080 ER PT J AU Reed, BM AF Reed, BM TI Implementing cryogenic storage of clonally propagated plants SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE germplasm; cryopreservation ID SHOOT-TIPS; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; FREEZE-PRESERVATION; APICAL MERISTEMS; LIQUID-NITROGEN; CELL-CULTURES; PEA MERISTEMS; SLOW GROWTH; CRYOPRESERVATION; VITRIFICATION AB Methodology for plant germplasm cryopreservation was created in the 1970s, expanded in the 1980s, and implemented at the end of the 20th century. Translating experimental techniques into routine cryostorage of a clonal collection requires attention to details beyond those normally required for methods development. Early decisions include the choice of accessions to be stored, number of each accession per storage unit, number of replicates, location of storage, viability testing, record keeping and proper control groups. Emphasis should be placed on selecting a secure storage site and compiling complete records needed for the recovery of plant material. Secure remote storage, duplicate locations, and secure, accurate records are all important in ensuring the safety and usefulness of base collections. Evaluation of cryostored collections should be initiated to determine the longevity of plants and stability of storage conditions. Collections of several clonal genera are now stored in liquid nitrogen and more are in progress worldwide. These base-storage collections of clonal germplasm provide security for safeguarding long-term access to genetic diversity that is vital to food security and to continued improvement of many clonally-propagated agricultural crops. C1 ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 38 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 3 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI Cryo-Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 22 IS 2 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 428TR UT WOS:000168477200003 PM 11788848 ER PT J AU Heyerdahl, EK Brubaker, LB Agee, JK AF Heyerdahl, EK Brubaker, LB Agee, JK TI Spatial controls of historical fire regimes: A multiscale example from the interior west, USA SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottom-lip; climate; dendrochronology; fire history; landscape ecology; local scale; Oregon; regional scale; top-down; topography; Washington ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATIONAL-PARK; UNITED-STATES; FORESTS; PATTERN; PRECIPITATION; ECOLOGY; DISTURBANCES; LANDSCAPES; VEGETATION AB Our objective was to infer the controls of spatial variation in historical fire regimes. We reconstructed a multicentury history of fire frequency, size, season, and severity from fire scars and establishment dates of 1426 trees sampled on grids in four watersheds (similar to 64 plots, over similar to 1620 ha each) representative of the Blue Mountains, Oregon and Washington, USA. The influence of regional climate, a top-down control, was inferred from among-watershed variation in fire regimes, while the influence of local topography, a bottom-up control, was inferred from within-watershed variation. Before about 1900, fire regimes varied among and within watersheds, suggesting that both top-down and bottom-up controls were important. At the regional scale, dry forests (dominated by ponderosa pine), burned twice as frequently and earlier in the growing season in southern watersheds than in northern watersheds, consistent with longer and drier fire seasons to the south. Mesic forests (dominated by subalpine fir or grand fir) probably also burned more frequently to the south. At the local scale, fire frequency varied with different parameters of topography in watersheds with steep terrain, but not in the watershed with gentle terrain. Frequency varied with aspect in watersheds where topographic facets are separated by significant barriers to fire spread, but not in watersheds where such facets interfinger without fire barriers. Frequency varied with elevation where elevation and aspect interact to create gradients in snow-cover duration and also where steep talus interrupts fuel continuity. Frequency did not vary with slope within any watershed. The presence of both regional-scale and local-scale variation in the Blue Mountains suggests that top-down and bottom-up controls were both important and acted simultaneously to influence fire regimes in the past. However, an abrupt decline in fire frequency around 1900 was much greater than any regional or local variation in the previous several centuries and indicates that 20th-century fire regimes in these watersheds were dramatically affected by additional controls such as livestock grazing and fire suppression. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of examining spatial variation in historical fire regimes across scales as a means for inferring their controls. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Heyerdahl, EK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 88 TC 246 Z9 257 U1 7 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2001 VL 82 IS 3 BP 660 EP 678 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0660:SCOHFR]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 405BW UT WOS:000167138200005 ER PT J AU Speer, JH Swetnam, TW Wickman, BE Youngblood, A AF Speer, JH Swetnam, TW Wickman, BE Youngblood, A TI Changes in pandora moth outbreak dynamics during the past 622 years SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendroecology; density dependence; forest disturbance; insect outbreaks; Oregon; pandoa moth (Coloradia pandora); ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa); population cycles; quasicyclical population dynamics; spectral analyses; tree-ring width chronology ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; DELAYED DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FIR TUSSOCK MOTH; DOUGLAS-FIR; FOREST LEPIDOPTERA; TIME-SERIES; DENDROECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION; INSECT POPULATIONS; BEETLE OUTBREAKS; UNITED-STATES AB Episodic outbreaks of pandora moth (Coloradia pandora Blake), a forest insect that defoliates ponderosa pine (Pinus panderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and other pine species in the western United States, have recurred several times during the 20th century in forests of south-central Oregon. We collected and analyzed tree-ring samples from stands affected by recent outbreaks of pandora moth to develop a long-term record of outbreaks. Outbreaks were evident in tree-ring series as a characteristic "signature" of sharply reduced latewood width within a ring, followed by reduced ring widths lasting 4-20 yr. We verified that this tree-ring signature was unrelated to drought or other climatic fluctuations by comparing the timing of known and inferred outbreaks with independent climatic data. Using the pandora moth tree-ring signature, we reconstructed a 622-year record of 22 individual outbreaks in 14 old-growth ponderosa pine stands. This is currently the longest regional reconstruction of forest insect outbreak history in North America. Intervals between pandora moth outbreaks were highly variable within individual forest stands, ranging from 9 yr to 156 yr. Spectral analyses of a composite time series from all stands, however, showed more consistent intervals between outbreaks, suggesting quasicyclical population dynamics at regional and decadal scales. Waveforms extracted from the regional outbreak time series had periods ranging over similar to 18-24 yr (39.7% variance explained) and similar to 37-41 yr (37.3% variance explained). The periods and strengths of these cycles varied across the centuries, with the largest outbreaks occurring when relatively high-amplitude periods of the dominant cycles were in phase. Twentieth-century outbreaks were not more synchronous (extensive), severe, or longer in duration than outbreaks in previous centuries, but there was an unusual 60-yr reduction in regional activity during similar to 1920-1980. The changing dynamical behavior of pandora moth populations highlights the need to evaluate historical factors that may have influenced this system, such as climatic variations, forest fires, and human land uses. Although cyclical dynamics in animal populations have most commonly been attributed to endogenous, ecological processes (e.g., "delayed density dependence," predators, pathogens, and parasites) our findings suggest that exogenous processes (e.g., climatic oscillations) may also be involved. C1 Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, LaGrande, OR 97850 USA. RP Speer, JH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 84 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2001 VL 82 IS 3 BP 679 EP 697 DI 10.2307/2680188 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 405BW UT WOS:000167138200006 ER PT J AU Clawson, RG Lockaby, BG Rummer, B AF Clawson, RG Lockaby, BG Rummer, B TI Changes in production and nutrient cycling across a wetness gradient within a floodplain forest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon; forested floodplain; nitrogen; nutrient cycling; phosphorus; productivity ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; BELOWGROUND CARBON ALLOCATION; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION; RIVER FLOODPLAIN; WETLAND FORESTS; SWAMP FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS AB Floodplain forest ecosystems are highly valuable to society because of their potential for water quality improvement and vegetation productivity, among many other functions. Previous studies have indicated that hydrology influences productivity but that the relationship between hydroperiod and productivity is a complex one. Consequently, we compared multiple indexes of productivity, nutrient circulation, and hydroperiod among three communities on the Flint River floodplain, Georgia, that differed in terms of inundation frequency. We hypothesized that (a) the wettest community would have the lowest total net primary production (NPP) values because of saturated soil conditions; (b) as wetness increases, nutrient circulation ill litterfall would decrease because of the hypothesized lower productivity in the wetter community; and (c) as wetness increases, internal translocation would become more efficient. The study site was partitioned into three wetness types-somewhat poorly drained (SPD), intermediate (I) and poorly drained (PD). We found that belowground biomass was greatest on the SPD, litterfall was similar for all three sites, and that woody biomass current annual increment (CAI) was greatest in the PD community. However, when the three variables were totaled for each site, the PB had the greatest NPP, thus disproving hypothesis (a). For hypothesis (b), we observed that P content in litterfall, although not significant, followed the predicted trend; nitrogen (N) content displayed the opposite pattern (PD > I > SPD). As wetness increased, internal translocation became more efficient for phosphorus (support for hypothesis [c]), but the SPD community was more efficient at retranslocating N (contradict ion of hypothesis [c]). C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, Engn Unit, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Clawson, RG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, 108 MW Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2001 VL 4 IS 2 BP 126 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s100210000063 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 426VY UT WOS:000168370100003 ER PT J AU Habibi, J Backus, EA Coudron, TA Brandt, SL AF Habibi, J Backus, EA Coudron, TA Brandt, SL TI Effect of different host substrates on hemipteran salivary protein profiles SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE induction; salivary proteins; Homoptera; Heteroptera; Empoasca fabae; Empoasca abrupta; Lygus hesperus; Podisus maculiventris ID POTATO LEAFHOPPER; FEEDING ADAPTATIONS; LYGUS-HESPERUS; ALFALFA; APHID; MIRIDAE; ENZYMES C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Habibi, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 98 IS 3 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00794.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 417UH UT WOS:000167852200014 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC AF Thompson, FC TI The name of the type species of Simulium (Diptera : Simuliidae): An historical footnote SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB The proper original description of the type-species of the genus Simulium, S. colombaschense (Scopoli), is identified and the current spelling of the species name is confirmed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 112 IS 2 BP 125 EP 129 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 438XP UT WOS:000169079800011 ER PT J AU Nicholson, CF Blake, RW Reid, RS Schelhas, J AF Nicholson, CF Blake, RW Reid, RS Schelhas, J TI Environmental impacts of livestock in the developing world SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; INTENSIFICATION; DEFORESTATION C1 Cornell Univ, Program Dairy Markets & Policy, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. Tuskegee Univ, USDA ARS, So Res Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Nicholson, CF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Program Dairy Markets & Policy, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD MAR PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 7 EP 17 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404FE UT WOS:000167086100003 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Chaney, RL AF Reeves, PG Chaney, RL TI Mineral status of female rats affects the absorption and organ distribution of dietary cadmium derived from edible sunflower kernels (Helianthus annuus L.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting CY APR 14-18, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE zinc; calcium; iron; cadmium; bioavailability; sunflower kernels; rats ID RAW AGRICULTURAL CROPS; AIN-93 PURIFIED DIETS; IRON-DEFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; COPPER; ZINC; METALLOTHIONEIN; RETENTION; ELEMENTS; RODENTS AB The intake of food cadmium (Cd) in mug/day over time can increase the body burden of this element. Some human populations that consume subsistence rice-based diets low in calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) are more susceptible to Cd poisoning than populations that consume more nutritious diets. This study determined the effects of marginal deficiencies of these essential elements on the absorption and organ retention of Cd from a natural food that contains Cd, edible sunflower kernels (Helianthus annuus L.; SFK). Weanling female rats were fed diets containing 20% SFK in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design with marginal and adequate amounts of Ca, Zn, and Fe. Marginal Zn (11 mg/kg) and Fe (13 mg/kg), and Cd (0.18 mg/kg) were derived solely from 20% SFK, These amounts of Fe and Zn represented 39 and 90% of the NRC requirement for the rat, respectively. The marginal dietary Ca concentration (2.5 g/kg) was one-half the NRC requirement. After 5 weeks on the experiment, rats were fed 1 g of their respective diets containing SFK extrinsically labeled with 37 kBq Cd-109, and absorption was determined by whole-body counting techniques, Rats were then killed and organs collected for Cd-109 as- says, No effect of treatment on weight gain was observed; however, when dietary Zn was low, feeding marginal Ca elevated Cd absorption by 50% (P<0.05) over those fed adequate Ca and Zn. Feeding marginal Fe elevated Cd absorption >2.5-fold (P<0.001) over those fed adequate Fe, In contrast, the naturally occurring Zn in SFK that provided 90% of the rat's requirement was enough to deter excessive absorption of Cd and enough to alone prevent significant elevation of organ Cd. Organ content of Cd-109 and Cd followed the same general pattern as whole-body absorption. These data show that marginal nutritional deficiencies of Ca and Fe can readily enhance the body burden of Cd that comes from the diet. Also, some natural competitors of Cd, such as Zn, contained in foods can independently minimize Cd absorption. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. NR 37 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 85 IS 3 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1006/enrs.2000.4236 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 411YE UT WOS:000167526600006 PM 11237510 ER PT J AU Simunek, J Wendroth, O Wypler, N van Genuchten, MT AF Simunek, J Wendroth, O Wypler, N van Genuchten, MT TI Non-equilibrium water flow characterized by means of upward infiltration experiments SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; POROUS-MEDIA; OUTFLOW EXPERIMENTS; EVAPORATION METHOD; UNSATURATED SOILS; INVERSE METHOD; MOVEMENT; MODELS; CONDUCTIVITY AB Upward infiltration experiments under tension were used to demonstrate the presence of non-equilibrium flow in soils, the phenomenon that has important implications for the accelerated movement of fertilizers, pesticides, non-aqueous liquids, and other pollutants. Data obtained from these experiments were analysed using the single-porosity Richards equation, as well as a variably saturated, dual-porosity model and a dual-permeability model for characterizing non-equilibrium water flow. The laboratory experiments were carried out on 0.10-m-long soil cores having an internal diameter of 0.10 m. Constant pressure heads of -0.10 and -0.01 m were used as the lower boundary condition. Each infiltration was followed by a single-rate evaporation experiment to re-establish initial conditions, and to obtain the drying soil hydraulic properties. Pressure heads inside the cores were measured using five tensiometers, while evaporative water loss from the top was determined by weighing the soil samples. The data were analysed to estimate parameters using a technique that combined a numerical solution of the governing flow equation (as implemented in a modified version of the Hydrus-1D software) with a Marquardt-Levenberg optimization. The objective function for the parameter estimation was defined in terms of pressure head readings, the cumulative infiltration rate, and the final total water volume in the core during upward infiltration. The final total water volume was used, as well as the pressure head readings during the evaporation part. Analysis of flow responses obtained during the infiltration experiment demonstrated significant non-equilibrium flow. This behaviour could be well characterized using a model of physical non-equilibrium that divides the medium into inter- and intra-aggregate pores with first-order transfer of water between the two systems. The analysis also demonstrated the importance of hysteresis. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. ZALF, Inst Soil Landscape Res, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. RP Simunek, J (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 30 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 52 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00361.x PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 421EY UT WOS:000168050200002 ER PT J AU Huang, ZXL Failla, ML Reeves, PG AF Huang, ZXL Failla, ML Reeves, PG TI Differentiation of human U937 promonocytic cells is impaired by moderate copper deficiency SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE copper; cell differentiation; monocytes; U937 cells ID TRANSFERRIN RECEPTORS; RATS; IRON; EXPRESSION; LINES; GENE; MICE AB Copper (Cu) deficiency suppresses macrophage activities in animals and humans. Our previous studies indicated that the induction of Cu deficiency In differentiated U937 monocytic cells impairs respiratory burst and bactericidal activities and lipopolysaccharide-mediated secretion of inflammatory mediators. The current investigation examined the roles of Cu in the monocytic differentiation process. Human U937 promonocytic cells were exposed to a high affinity Cu chelator (5 muM 2,3,2-tetraamine [tet]) for 24 hr before inducing differentiation by treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 plus interferon-gamma (DI). This procedure decreased cell Cu by 55% without compromising cellular Zn, Fe, or general metabolic activities. Lower Cu status significantly attenuated the expression of maturation markers Mac-1 (CD11b), ICAM-1 (CD54), and LPS-R (CD14). This change was associated with a marked suppression in respiratory burst activity and killing of Salmonella. To examine if the adverse effect of inadequate Cu on the DI-induced differentiation represented a more general defect, U937 cells were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Lower Cu status also suppressed PMA-mediated differentiation of U937 cells. Supplemental Cu, but not Zn or Fe, blocked the tet-induced declines in cell Cu, expression of maturation markers, and respiratory burst and bactericidal activities. These results demonstrate that Cu is essential for the monocytic differentiation process that contributes to the competency of the host's defense system. C1 Univ N Carolina, Grad Program Nutr, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Failla, ML (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr & Food Management, 325 Campbell Hall,1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 0037-9727 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 226 IS 3 BP 222 EP 228 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 429EB UT WOS:000168502100009 PM 11361041 ER PT J AU Jarvis, GN Kurtovic, A Hay, AG Russell, JB AF Jarvis, GN Kurtovic, A Hay, AG Russell, JB TI The physiological and genetic diversity of bovine Streptococcus bovis strains SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diversity; rumen; 16S rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism; BOX-PCR; 2-deoxyglucose; Streptococcus bovis ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LYSIS AB Laboratory Streprococcus bovis strains and isolates obtained from a steer fed increasing amounts of grain had similar growth characteristics, but they differed in their sensitivity to 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), a non-metabolizable glucose analog. The addition of 2DG decreased both growth rate (0.92 +/- 0.34 h(-1)) and growth yield (ranging from 25 to 63%), but these differences could not be correlated with diet. However, isolates From a steer fed a 90% grain diet were more prone to 2DG-dependent lysis than those from a hay diet (P < 0.001). All S. bovis laboratory strains and isolates had an identical restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern, when their 16S rDNA was digested with HaeIII and HnaI, However, when genomic BOX elements were amplified, 5-12 bands were observed, and the S. bovis isolates and laboratory strains could be grouped into 13 different BOX types. Strains 26 and 581AXY2 had the same BOX type, but the remaining laboratory strains did not form closely related clusters. Strains JB1 and K27FF4 were most closely related to each other. Most of the Fresh isolates (24 out of 30) could be grouped into a single cluster (> 90% Dice similarity). This cluster contained isolates from all three diets, but it did not have any of the laboratory strains. The majority (90%) of the isolates obtained from the hay-fed steer exhibited the same BOX type, Because more BOX types were observed if grain was added to the diet, it appears that ruminal S. bovis diversity may be a diet-dependent phenomenon. (C) 2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies, Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 411ZG UT WOS:000167529100006 ER PT J AU Wang, D Shannon, MC Grieve, CM AF Wang, D Shannon, MC Grieve, CM TI Salinity reduces radiation absorption and use efficiency in soybean SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE salinity; soybean; radiation-use efficiency; photosynthetically active radiation ID SOLAR-RADIATION; SALT TOLERANCE; BIOMASS; NITROGEN; GROWTH; INTERCEPTION; ACCUMULATION; SORGHUM; STRESS; WHEAT AB The potential rate of plant development and biomass accumulation under conditions free of environmental stress depends on the amount of radiation absorption and the efficiency of utilizing the absorbed solar energy to drive photosynthetic processes that produce biomass materials. Salinity, as a form of soil and water stress, generally has a detrimental effect on plant growth, and crops such as soybean are usually sensitive to salinity. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine soybean growth characteristics and the relative impact of salinity on radiation absorption and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) at a whole plant level. Cumulative absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (Sigma APAR) was estimated using hourly inputs of predicted canopy extinction coefficients and measured leaf area indices (LAI) and global solar radiation. On 110 days after planting, soybean plants grown under non-saline conditions in the field accumulated 583 MJ Sigma APAR m(-2). A 20% reduction in Sigma APAR resulted from growing the plants in soil with a solution electrical conductivity (EC) of about 10 dS m(-1) Soybeans grown under non-saline conditions in the field achieved a RUE of 1.89 g MJ(-1) Sigma APAR for above-ground biomass dry materials. The RUE reached only 1.08 g MJ-L Sigma APAR in the saline soil, about a 40% reduction from the non-saline control. Salinity also significantly reduced Sigma APAR and RUE for soybeans in the greenhouse. The observed smaller plant and leaf sizes and darker green leaves under salinity stress were attributed to reductions in LAI and increases in unit leaf chlorophyll, respectively. Reductions in LAI exceeded small gains in leaf chlorophyll, which resulted in less total canopy chlorophyll per unit ground area. Analyzing salinity effect on plant growth and biomass production using the relative importance of Sigma APAR and RUE is potentially useful because APAR and total canopy chlorophyll can be estimated with remote sensing techniques. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 3 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00154-4 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 407EN UT WOS:000167259400008 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Sumerford, DV AF Adamczyk, JJ Sumerford, DV TI Increased tolerance of fall armyworms (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) to Cry1Ac delta-endotoxin when fed transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis cotton: Impact on the development of subsequent generations SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; plant-resistance ID PARTIAL-DERIVATIVE-ENDOTOXIN; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB Increased tolerance to Cry1Ac protein was found in a population of fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), after selection for a single generation with transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cotton foliage. When fed Cry1Ac treated artificial diet, larvae whose parents had fed on transgenic Bt cotton leaves had significantly higher larval weights and a shorter time to pupation than those larvae whose parents had fed on conventional cotton leaves. In addition, there was no evidence to suggest any fitness or vigor differences existed from progeny of fall armyworms that fed previously on conventional or transgenic Bt cotton. Furthermore, tolerance of fall armyworms to Cry1Ac had a heritable component in the subsequent generation based on larval weights and time to pupation. These data show that using a common approach designed to control all intrinsically tolerant lepidopteran species of transgenic Bt cotton identically may not be desirable. C1 ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, MSA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, MSA, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.2307/3496656 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 422CV UT WOS:000168101100001 ER PT J AU Lezama-Gutierrez, R Hamm, JJ Molina-Ochoa, J Lopez-Edwards, M Pescador-Rubio, A Gonzalez-Ramirez, M Styer, EL AF Lezama-Gutierrez, R Hamm, JJ Molina-Ochoa, J Lopez-Edwards, M Pescador-Rubio, A Gonzalez-Ramirez, M Styer, EL TI Occurrence of entomopathogens of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in the Mexican states of Michoacan, Colima, Jalisco and Tamaulipas SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; biological control; maize; Nomuraea rileyi; mermithid nematode; microsporidia ID COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS HYMENOPTERA; FALL ARMYWORM; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; HOST-RANGE; FUNGI; SOIL; PARASITOIDS; BRACONIDAE; NEMATODES; SORGHUM AB Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (FAW) larvae and soil samples were collected from corn and sorghum fields in the Mexican states of Michoacan, Colima, and Jalisco during August 1998. Additional FAW larvae were collected from a sorghum field in Tamaulipas, Mexico in September. A total of 2219 FAW larvae from 20 locations and 76 soil samples from 19 locations were examined for indigenous FAW biological control agents. Four species of entomopathogenic fungi representing two classes, Zygomycetes (Entomophthorales) and Hyphomycetes (Beauveria bassiana, Nomuraea rileyi, and Hirsutella sp.) were recovered from 43 (1.94%) of FAW larvae. An unidentified microsporidian was collected from 32 (1.44%) of FAW larvae, 29 from Colima, 2 from Jalisco, and 1 from Michoacan. Forty nine larvae (2.21%) parasitized by mermithid nematodes were collected in the state of Colima. Two (0.09%) larvae infected with ascovirus were collected in Tamaulipas. Three species of Hyphomycetes (Paecilomyces fumosoroesus, B. bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae) were isolated from soil samples using Galleria mellonella larval traps. Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema sp. and Heterorhabditis sp.) were recovered from soil samples from 5 of 19 localities using Galleria mellonella larval traps. Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from soil samples from 12 locations. The most widely distributed microbial control agent on FAW larvae in the Western Coast of Mexico was the fungus N. rileyi, and from soil were the bacterium B, thuringiensis and steinernematid nematodes. The microsporidian was found predominantly in Colima and the mermithid nematodes only in Colima. Thus, Colima had the highest total percent mortality (9.67%) due to fungi, microsporidia and mermithids. C1 Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Colima, Ctr Univ Invest & Desarrollo Agropecuario, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. Univ Georgia, Diagnost & Invest Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Lezama-Gutierrez, R (reprint author), Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Apartado Postal 36, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.2307/3496658 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 422CV UT WOS:000168101100003 ER PT J AU Molina-Ochoa, J Hamm, JJ Lezama-Gutierrez, R Lopez-Edwards, M Gonzalez-Ramirez, M Pescador-Rubio, A AF Molina-Ochoa, J Hamm, JJ Lezama-Gutierrez, R Lopez-Edwards, M Gonzalez-Ramirez, M Pescador-Rubio, A TI A survey of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) parasitoids in the Mexican states of Michoacan, Colima, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE parasitoids; Spodoptera frugiperda; Ophion; Campoletis; Pristomerus; Aleiodes; Cotesia; Meteorus; Chelonus; Euplectrus; maize; corn; sorghum; Mexico ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA SMITH,J.E.; UNITED-STATES; CORN; POPULATIONS; SORGHUM AB Fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were collected from whorl stage corn or sorghum in the states of Michoacan, Colima, and Jalisco in August, and Tamaulipas, Mexico in September 1998. Eleven species of hymenopteran parasitoids were recovered representing 3 families: Ichneumonidae (Ophion flavidus Brulle, Campoletis flavicincta Ashmead, and Pristomerus spinator F.); Braconidae (Aleiodes laphygmae Viereck, Cotesia marginiventris Cresson, Meteorus laphygmae Viereck, Meteorus sp., Chelonus insularis Cresson, Chelonus sp. probably cautus Cresson, and Chelonus sp.); and Eulophidae (Euplectrus platyhypenae Howard). The overall rate of parasitism was 11.3%, based on 2219 larvae collected. The highest rate of parasitism from a single collection was 26.5%, representing 6 species of parasitoids in Michoacan. The next highest rate of parasitism, 23%, was by a single species, C. flavicincta, in Michoacan. The most widely distributed species was P. spinator, occurring in 12 collections from 3 states. Chelonus sp. was collected from all four states in only 6 collections. The greater diversity of parasitoids and higher rates of parasitism in Michoacan may be related to the more diverse habitat with more forests, orchards, and pastures near the cornfields in that state. C1 Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. Univ Colima, Ctr Univ Invest & Desarrollo Agropecuario, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31274 USA. RP Molina-Ochoa, J (reprint author), Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Apartado Postal 36, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.2307/3496659 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 422CV UT WOS:000168101100004 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JE Ferkovich, SM Greany, PD AF Carpenter, JE Ferkovich, SM Greany, PD TI Fecundity and longevity of Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson) (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) reared on artificial diets: Effects of a lipid extract from host pupae and culture media conditioned with an insect cell line SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Diapetimorpha introita; Spodoptera; parasitoid; artificial diet; fecundity; host lipids; insect cell line AB Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a native ectoparasitoid of Spodaptera spp, pupae. This parasitoid has been reared in the laboratory on an artificial diet devoid of any insect host components. However, wasps reared on this artificial diet had reduced fecundity. Efforts to increase fecundity included supplementing the diet with cell culture media conditioned with a cell line from ovaries of the fall armyworm, S. frugiperda, in one experiment and fortifying the diet with lipids extracted from pupae of S. frugiperda in a second experiment. In the first experiment, differences in mean oviposition and mean longevity among females reared on the artificial control diet (artificial diet), cell line-supplemented diet (Sf9Cell), and natural host (Host) were not significant. However, during the first 10 days of oviposition, Sf9Cell-reared females oviposited at a rate similar to the Host-reared parasitoids and at a rate faster than artificial-diet reared females. In the second experiment, females reared on the diet with added host Lipid (host lipid) laid significantly more eggs than females on the artificial diet, however; longevity was not significantly affected by diet treatment. We conclude that total egg production by D. introita was improved on artificial diet supplemented with lipids from the natural host but was not increased by the addition of materials produced by an ovarial cell line derived from S. frugiperda. Future research efforts should focus on increasing fecundity of wasps reared on the artificial diet by identifying the lipid(s) or lipid-soluble material in the host pupal extract that is responsible for enhancing egg production in D. introita females. C1 ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Carpenter, JE (reprint author), ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.2307/3496661 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 422CV UT WOS:000168101100006 ER PT J AU Jewett, DK Carpenter, JE AF Jewett, DK Carpenter, JE TI Seasonal abundance of a pupal parasitoid, Diapetimorpha introita (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE sex-attractant; biological control; population dynamics; beet armyworm; fall armyworm; Spodoptera; pheromone-trapping ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CRESSON HYMENOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; NOCTUIDAE; FEMALES; MALES; HOST AB Seasonal abundance of a pupal parasitoid Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was monitored with pheromone-traps, D. introita males were caught in vying traps baited with live females, and beet armyworm males were caught in bucket traps baited with synthetic pheromone. The greatest number of D. introita adult males was caught during early autumn, approximately one month after the greatest number of beet armyworm males was caught, and represents the most convenient time during which to conduct trapping experiments. C1 ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. ARS, USDA, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Jewett, DK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.2307/3496662 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 422CV UT WOS:000168101100007 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL AF Meagher, RL TI Collection of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) adults and nontarget Hymenoptera in different colored unitraps SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE insect behavior; Spodoptera; monitoring; pheromone traps; Hymenoptera ID SEX-PHEROMONE LURES; TRAP COLOR; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; CAPTURE AB Field experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of different colored pheromone-baited traps in capture of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, males and nontarget Hymenoptera. Plastic Universal Moth Traps (Unitraps) of different colors were baited with commercial sex pheromone and were placed in peanut and corn fields in northern Florida. In one study, standard-colored (green canopy, yellow funnel, white bucket) traps collected more moths than all-white or all-green traps. More Sphecoidea were found in white traps while more Vespoidea were collected in standard traps. In another study, trap capture was compared among standard, all-white, and standard traps with buckets painted two different yellow colors. Results showed that there were few differences in capture among traps with different colors, however, contrasts between traps with yellow buckets or traps with white buckets suggested more moths could be captured in yellow-bucket traps. Very few Hymenoptera were collected, although more Apoidea were found in white traps. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.2307/3496666 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 422CV UT WOS:000168101100011 ER PT J AU Stoetzel, MB Miller, GL AF Stoetzel, MB Miller, GL TI Aerial feeding aphids of corn in the United States with reference to the root-feeding Aphis maidiradicis (Homoptera : Aphididae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE taxonomic keys; identification; control; distribution; Zea mays AB A brief summary of taxonomic characters, usual hosts, and distribution within the United States are given for each species. Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli,Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis maidiradicis Forbes, Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Metopolophium dirhodium (Walker), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sipha flava (Forbes), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) are included in the present paper. Pictorial and dichotomous keys are included to aid personnel charged with detection, identification, and control of aphids associated with corn in the United States. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stoetzel, MB (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 83 EP 98 DI 10.2307/3496667 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 422CV UT WOS:000168101100012 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL AF Meagher, RL TI Collection of soybean looper and other noctuids in phenylacetaldehyde-baited field traps SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 154 EP 155 DI 10.2307/3496678 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 422CV UT WOS:000168101100023 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA Klich, MA Wright, M AF Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA Klich, MA Wright, M TI Three fungal species isolated from Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) bodies, carton material, and infested wood SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-NOMIUS; FUMIGATUS; SCLEROTIA C1 ARS, USDA, SRRC, Formosan Subterranean Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. ARS, USDA, SRRC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, Formosan Subterranean Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 156 EP 158 DI 10.2307/3496679 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 422CV UT WOS:000168101100024 ER PT J AU Lee, N Holtzapple, CK Muldoon, MT Deshpande, SS Stanker, LH AF Lee, N Holtzapple, CK Muldoon, MT Deshpande, SS Stanker, LH TI Immunochemical approaches to the detection of sulfathiazole in animal tissues SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfathiazole; N4-acetyl STZ; immunoassay; monoclonal antibody; food safety ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; SULFAMETHAZINE RESIDUES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SWINE; WATER AB A series of ELISAs based on anti-sulfathiazole (STZ) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed that can detect STZ below the tolerance level in tissues. The IC50 values (concentrations of STZ inhibiting 50% of binding in a competitive ELISA) for each MAb ranged from 6 to 21 ng ml(-1) of STZ, Immunoassays based upon two MAbs, STZ-23 and SDM-44, were evaluated for their assay performance using swine fiver samples spiked with STZ. Swine liver tissue was analyzed without a complex sample preparation step, with only a simple dilution of swine fiver extract being necessary. A good correlation between immunoassay results and spike levels in swine liver (R-2 > 0.98) was obtained, demonstrating that the immunoassays are capable of quantifying STZ in swine liver The cross-reactivities of other sulfonamide drugs and STZ metabolites in these immunoassays were also examined. C1 ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. LJL Biosyst, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. RP Holtzapple, CK (reprint author), ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM ffsru@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 21 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 EI 1465-3443 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA 419RX UT WOS:000167963400001 ER PT J AU Uzoh, FCC AF Uzoh, FCC TI A height increment equation for young ponderosa pine plantations using precipitation and soil factors SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE height growth; western Montana; site classification; Pinus ponderosa ID TREE GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; REGRESSION; CONIFERS; MODEL AB A height increment equation was used to determine the effects of site quality and competing herbaceous vegetation on the development of ponderosa pine seedlings (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.). Study areas were established in 36 plantations across northwest and west-central Montana on Champion International Corporation's timberland (currently owned by Plum Creek Timber Company). Site quality indices used in the equation were available water index (available water capacity multiplied by the natural logarithm of annual precipitation) and site index (SI) of the previous stand. Three-year height increment was modeled as a function of tree size, vigor, and competition by using available water index (AWI) and SI separately as site quality indicators in the same equation form. Comparison of the two equations suggest that soil factors in combination with precipitation data may be a useful alternative to traditional tree-based site quality indices in predicting height increment of young stands where site index is not known or is poorly estimated. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Uzoh, FCC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 2400 Washington Ave, Redding, CA 96001 USA. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 142 IS 1-3 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00350-9 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 405NF UT WOS:000167165300015 ER PT J AU Rayachhetry, MB Van, TK Center, TD Laroche, F AF Rayachhetry, MB Van, TK Center, TD Laroche, F TI Dry weight estimation of the aboveground components of Melaleuca quinquenervia trees in southern Florida SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; biomass equations; everglades; habitats; exotic tree ID ALLOMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS; BIOMASS; EQUATIONS; AREA AB Allometric equations were derived and dry weight distribution was determined for aboveground components (total wood, trunk, branch, leaf, seed capsule. seed) of Melaleuca quinquenervia trees in south Florida. Aboveground tree components of 42, 36, and 50 trees, harvested from dry, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded habitats, respectively, were separated, sorted, sub-sampled. dried to constant weight at 70 degreesC. and weighed. The effects of diameter at breast height (dbh) on dry weight of the aboveground components were significant. Predictive allometric equations were derived for each component using dbh and/or dbh(2) x tht (total tree height) as predictors. Based on R-2 values the accuracy of the equations for biomass prediction are ranked as, total wood>trunk>branch>leaf>seed capsule>seed. Diameter at breast height alone was a good predictor of dry weight of the aboveground components of trees. When dbh was combined with total tree height, R-2 improved somewhat for all components except for seed capsules and seeds. Proportions of the dry weight of total wood and branch increased, but trunk and leaf decreased as dbh increased. Wood constituted the greatest proportion (83-96%) across the dbh range (0.1-38.6 cm) in all three habitats. Leaves and seed capsules represented a greater proportion of dry weight in permanently hooded habitats (leaves, 10-13%; seed capsules, 3-4%) than in both dry and seasonally flooded habitats (leaves, 4-12%. seed capsules. up to 2%). Overall leaf proportion decreased as dbh increased. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. USDA ARS, Weed Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. RP Rayachhetry, MB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 142 IS 1-3 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00357-1 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 405NF UT WOS:000167165300022 ER PT J AU Forbes, CL Jahn, LG Araman, PA AF Forbes, CL Jahn, LG Araman, PA TI An investigation of hardwood plywood markets. Part 1. Architectural woodworkers SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DETERMINANT ATTRIBUTES; SUPPLIER ATTRIBUTES; PRODUCT; INDUSTRY; LUMBER AB This is the first part of a two-part study investigating markets for hardwood plywood. North American architectural woodworkers were surveyed to better understand the structure and use of wood-based panels in the industry. A questionnaire was mailed to a sample of U.S. and Canadian architectural woodworkers. The sample consisted of members of the Architectural Woodwork Institute (AWI) and the Woodwork Institute of California (WIC). The response rate, adjusted forbad addresses, was 31 percent. The average architectural woodworker purchased $283,000 of panel materials in 1997, and $ 111,000 of hardwood plywood. Of total panel purchases, hardwood plywood (including all substrates covered with a hardwood veneer) represented 37 percent, followed by melamine-coated board (21%), raw particleboard (17%), and high-pressure laminate (8%). The Northeast region represented 38 percent of total hardwood plywood purchases by architectural woodworkers followed by the Midwest (20.4%); the Southeast (14.9%); the West (9.1%); and the South Central (8.3%). Of the hardwood plywood purchased, 37 percent was particleboard core, 33 percent veneer core, and 24 percent medium density fiberboard core. Sixty-three percent of total hardwood plywood was premium grade, followed by custom (25%), and paint grade (7%). Red oak was the predominant face species used (31%), followed by maple (17%), cherry (16%), birch ( 10%), and mahogany (9%). Eighty-two percent of the faces were constructed of sliced veneer. Nearly 4 percent of total hardwood plywood purchases were of pre-finished plywood. This number was expected to increase to nearly 7 percent by the year 2000. The most important hardwood plywood attribute as perceived by architectural woodworkers was absence of delamination of veneers, followed by absence of defects showing through face, on-time delivery, absence of warp, and orders shipped correctly. C1 New S Inc, Mkt, Myrtle Beach, SC 29578 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Forbes, CL (reprint author), New S Inc, Mkt, Myrtle Beach, SC 29578 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 51 IS 3 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 413MN UT WOS:000167616100007 ER PT J AU Xu, ZC Leininger, TD Lee, AWC Tainter, FH AF Xu, ZC Leininger, TD Lee, AWC Tainter, FH TI Physical, mechanical, and drying properties associated with bacterial wetwood in red oaks SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Physical, mechanical, and drying properties associated with bacterial wetwood in red oak trees in Mississippi and South Carolina were evaluated to identify possible predictors of bacterial wetwood, a major cause of value loss. The parameters tested were: moisture content (MC), specific gravity (SG), shrinkage, tension strength perpendicular to the wood grain, and travel time of stress waves both perpendicular and parallel to the grain. Drying properties were tested on both laboratory and commercial scales. Greater MC, abnormally high radial and tangential shrinkage, and lower tension strength perpendicular to the grain were characteristics of wetwood-affected trees in Mississippi and South Carolina. Lower SG and more drying defects, such as honeycombing and ring failure, were prevalent in severe wetwood trees but not in normal trees in Mississippi. However, the potential of these variables to be wetwood indicators depends on the severity of the wetwood and involves the destructive treatment of samples. MC appears to be the best indicator of the wetwood condition in living trees where increment cores can be utilized for measurement. Stress wave travel times are significantly different between wetwood and healthy wood if the wood is dried by accelerated schedules. Stress wave travel time may be the most practical method to identify wetwood in lumber in the mill. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Xu, ZC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 51 IS 3 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 413MN UT WOS:000167616100017 ER PT J AU Riemenschneider, DE Berguson, WE Dickmann, DI Hall, RB Isebrands, JG Mohn, CA Stanosz, GR Tuskan, GA AF Riemenschneider, DE Berguson, WE Dickmann, DI Hall, RB Isebrands, JG Mohn, CA Stanosz, GR Tuskan, GA TI Poplar breeding and testing strategies in the north-central US: Demonstration of potential yield and consideration of future research needs SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Meeting of the International-Popular-Commission CY SEP 24-28, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, WASHINGTON SP Int Popular Comm DE Populus; biomass; multi-trait selection; genotype; genotype x environment interaction ID ENERGY AB We present results from a Populus Regional Testing Program that has been conducted in Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Michigan over the past six years. Our objectives have been to: 1)identify highly productive, disease resistant intra- and inter-specific clonal selections and 2) understand patterns of genotype x environment interactions within the region that would, logically, govern commercial deployment of new clones. Clones were developed by breeding and selection programs at the University of Illinois, Iowa State University, University of Minnesota, and the USDA Forest Service for experiments established in 1995. We report results of analyses of variance and principal component analyses of tree diameters and estimated above-ground biomass that demonstrate significant genotype main effects and significant genotype x environment interactions. Maximum mean annual above-ground biomass increments have surpassed 16 Mg ha(-1) y(-1), exceeding previously reported yields of poplars grown under similar conditions in the north-central U.S. We also discuss the breeding and selection of poplars in general with specific attention to regional research needs. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Riemenschneider, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 17 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 11 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 77 IS 2 BP 245 EP 253 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 436LE UT WOS:000168936700009 ER PT J AU Balatinecz, JJ Kretschmann, DE Leclercq, A AF Balatinecz, JJ Kretschmann, DE Leclercq, A TI Achievements in the utilization of poplar wood - guideposts for the future SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Meeting of the International-Popular-Commission CY SEP 24-28, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, WASHINGTON SP Int Popular Comm DE poplar wood; utilization; pulp and paper; oriented strandboard; fibre properties ID HYBRID CLONES; FIBER LENGTH AB From an early status as a "weed tree," poplar has become an important commercial genus in North America during the past 20 years. The many and varied uses of poplar wood now include pulp and paper, lumber, veneer, plywood, composite panels, structural composite lumber, containers, pallets, furniture components, match splints and chopsticks. The high cellulose and relatively low lignin content make poplars well suited for pulp and paper products. The wood can be pulped by all commercial pulping methods, such as mechanical, semi-chemical, sulphate and sulphite processes. Poplar pulps are utilized in fine papers, tissues, paperboard, newsprint and packaging papers. Poplar kraft pulps, when blended with softwood kraft, are particularly well suited for fine paper manufacture because of inherently desirable properties, such as excellent sheet formation, high opacity, good bulk and good printability. While poplar wood continues to be an important raw material in the traditional lumber, veneer and plywood industries, the most remarkable recent achievement in poplar utilization is the phenomenal growth of the oriented strandboard and structural composite lumber industries in North America during the last decade. The future for poplar utilization is bright. On the resource production side, opportunities for genetically modifying important wood properties, such as chemical composition, fibre quality and natural durability of wood, can now be realized. On the resource utilization side, high-value engineered composites and high-yield pulp and paper products will represent the strongest growth sectors for poplar fibre during the coming decades. C1 Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Ctr Rech Nat Forets & Bois, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. RP Balatinecz, JJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 10 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 77 IS 2 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 436LE UT WOS:000168936700012 ER PT J AU Brown, DW McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH Desjardins, AE AF Brown, DW McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH Desjardins, AE TI A genetic and biochemical approach to study trichothecene diversity in Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant pathogenic fungi; Fusarium; secondary metabolism; Gibberella; trichothecene gene cluster ID MACROCYCLIC TRICHOTHECENES; TOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; REDUCED VIRULENCE; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; EFFLUX PUMP; CLUSTER; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; 3-O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; DISRUPTION AB The trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are natural fungal products that are toxic to both animals and plants. Their importance in the pathogenicity of Fusarium spp, on crop plants has inspired efforts to understand the genetic and biochemical mechanisms leading to trichothecene synthesis. In order to better understand T-2 toxin biosynthesis by Fusarium sporotrichioides and DON biosynthesis by F. graminearum, we compared the nucleotide sequence of the 23-kb core trichothecene gene cluster from each organism. This comparative genetic analysis allowed us to predict proteins encoded by two trichothecene genes, TRI9 and TRI10, that had not previously been described from either Fusarium species. Differences in gene structure also were correlated with differences in the types of trichothecenes that the two species produce, Gene disruption experiments showed that F. sporotrichioides TRI7 (FsTRI7) is required for acetylation of the oxygen on C-4 of T-2 toxin, Sequence analysis indicated that F. graminearum TRI7 (FgTRI7) is nonfunctional. This is consistent with the fact that the FgTRI7 product is not required for DON synthesis in F. graminearum because C-4 is not oxygenated. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM brown@ncaur.usda.gov NR 40 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.1006/fgbi.2001.1256 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 426RU UT WOS:000168362800005 PM 11352533 ER PT J AU Downs, PW Simon, A AF Downs, PW Simon, A TI Fluvial geomorphological analysis of the recruitment of large woody debris in the Yalobusha River network, Central Mississippi, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE large woody debris; fluvial geomorphology; bank stability; knickpoints; recruitment; river channel management ID ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; STREAMS; ACCUMULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; STORAGE; OREGON; TREES AB The management of large woody debris (LWD) should be based on a rational assessment of its recruitment rate relative to its natural decay and removal. LWD recruitment may be controlled by 'natural' episodic terrestrial factors or by in-channel geomorphological controls related to the rate of bank erosion. The geomorphological controls are hard to quantify in laterally migrating channels, but in incising channels, a conceptual model may be developed based on the density of riparian trees relative to the knickpoint migration rate and bank stability analyses that predict the post-knickpoint width of the channel. The Yalobusha river network in Central Mississippi. USA, has twice been destabilised by channel straightening for flood defence and land drainage, most recently in 1967. System-wide rejuvenation has followed through a series of upstream migrating knickpoints several metres high that have caused mass failure of streambanks and the recruitment of large volumes of trees to the channel. LWD recruitment is maximised at the transition between stage III and stage IV channels, focusing attention on 11 sites in the network. The sites are upstream of knickzones ranging between 2.2 and 5.4 m high and migrating at rates of 0-13.8 m year(-1), based on 23-30 months of monitoring. Riparian conditions in 500 m(2) plots on each bank upstream of the knickpoints range from treeless To forested, containing 0-98 trees with an average diameter at breast height of 0.18 m and average maximum height of 14.0 m. The average volume of wood on each bank is 0.02 m(3) m(-2). Under rapid drawdown conditions. bank stability analyses suggest that the channels will widen in amounts ranging from 1.8 to 31.5 m. Combined with the knickpoint migration rates, riparian land losses are estimated to range from 8.0 to 433.8 m year(-1), resulting in the recruitment of almost 28 m(3) of wood (or 100 trees) annually from the 11 sites. Assuming this LWD recruitment rate, a model is developed for the in situ potential for debris dam initiation and growth, based on the ratio of tree height to channel width under current and post-knickpoint conditions, the annual delivery of 'large' trees and the annual total of LWD recruitment by volume. A longer-term model is also developed, based on knickpoint severity and vegetation density in upstream and headwater riparian zones of each tributary. The 11 study sites are classified into groups with similar LWD management concerns based on these analyses. The models developed in this research provide the first precise quantification of LWD recruitment according to geomorphological controls and standing vegetation, and a rational assessment of its meaning, but further research is required to improve the accuracy of such estimates. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Downs, PW (reprint author), Philip Williams & Associates Ltd, 770 Tamalpais Dr,Suite 401, Corte Madera, CA 94925 USA. NR 42 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00063-5 PG 27 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 403HQ UT WOS:000167036800004 ER PT J AU Shugart, HH French, NHF Kasischke, ES Slawski, JJ Dull, CW Shuchman, RA Mwangi, J AF Shugart, HH French, NHF Kasischke, ES Slawski, JJ Dull, CW Shuchman, RA Mwangi, J TI Detection of vegetation change using reconnaissance imagery SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide fertilization; high-elevation vegetation; Mt. Kenya; Mt. Kilimanjaro; reconnaissance imagery; vegetation change ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENHANCEMENT; TREE GROWTH; HIGH ELEVATIONS; STOMATAL DENSITY; CO2; RESPONSES; CLIMATE; ABIES; LIMIT AB Vegetation occurs at its highest elevations on equatorial mountains. inspection of archival and recent high-resolution reconnaissance imagery of tropical mountains shows, in all cases, features indicating an increase in the elevation of mountain vegetation zones and an increase in vigour in the high-elevation vegetation. These changes are consistent with an increased plant performance from increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as well as with a warmer or more favourable climate. C1 ERIM, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Forest Hlth Management Ctr, Karura, Kenya. RP French, NHF (reprint author), ERIM, POB 134001, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA. EM nfrench@erim.org RI Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009; OI French, Nancy/0000-0002-2389-3003 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00379.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 424VP UT WOS:000168254900003 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI Direct and acclimatory responses of stomatal conductance to elevated carbon dioxide in four herbaceous crop species in the field SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; barley; photosynthesis; potato; sorghum; transpiration; wheat ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; HUMIDITY; DROUGHT; LEAVES; WHEAT AB In order to separate the net effect of growth at elevated [CO2] on stomatal conductance (g(s)) into direct and acclimatory responses, mid-day values of g(s) were measured for plants grown in field plots in open-topped chambers at the current ambient [CO2], which averaged 350 mu mol mol(-1) in the daytime, and at ambient + 350 mu mol mol(-1) [CO2] for winter wheat, winter barley, potato and sorghum. The acclimatory response was determined by comparing g(s) measured at 700 mu mol mol(-1) [CO2] for plants grown at the two [CO2]. The direct effect of increasing [CO2] from 350 to 700 mu mol mol(-1) was determined for plants grown at the lower concentration. Photosynthetic rates were measured concurrently with g(s). For all species, growth at the higher [CO2] significantly reduced g(s) measured at 700 mu mol mol(-1) [CO2]. The reduction in g(s) caused by growth at the higher [CO,] was larger for all species on days with low leaf to air water vapour pressure difference for a given temperature, which coincided with highest conductances and also the smallest direct effects of increased [CO2] on conductance. For barley, there was no other evidence for stomatal acclimation, despite consistent downregulation of photosynthetic rate in plants grown at the higher [CO2]. In wheat and potato, in addition to the vapour pressure difference interaction, the magnitude of stomatal acclimation varied directly in proportion to the magnitude of down-regulation of photosynthetic rate through the season. In sorghum, g(s) consistently exhibited acclimation, but there was no down-regulation of photosynthetic rate. In none of the species except barley was the direct effect the larger component of the net reduction in g(s) when averaged over measurement dates. The net effect of growth at elevated [CO2] on mid-day g(s) resulted from unique combinations of direct and acclimatory responses in the various species. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00406.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 424VP UT WOS:000168254900010 ER PT J AU Rillig, MC Wright, SF Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Ottman, MJ Leavitt, SW AF Rillig, MC Wright, SF Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Ottman, MJ Leavitt, SW TI Elevated carbon dioxide and irrigation effects on water stable aggregates in a Sorghum field: a possible role for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhiza; elevated CO2; FACE; global change; glomalin; soil structure; Sorghum ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; EXTERNAL HYPHAE; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL-STRUCTURE; RESPONSES; STABILITY; ROOTS; MECHANISMS; MANAGEMENT; GLOMALIN AB While soil biota and processes are becoming increasingly appreciated as important parameters for consideration in global change studies, the fundamental characteristic of soil structure is a neglected area of research. In a sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] field experiment in which CO2 [supplied using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology] was crossed factorially with an irrigation treatment, soil aggregate (1-2 mm) water stability increased in response to elevated CO2. Aggregate water stability was increased by 40% and 20% in response to CO2, at ample and limited water supply treatments, respectively. Soil hyphal lengths of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increased strongly (with a threefold increase in the dry treatment) in response to CO2, and the concentrations of one fraction (easily extractable glomalin, EEG) of the AMF-produced protein glomalin were also increased. Two fractions of glomalin, and AMF hyphal lengths were all positively correlated with soil aggregate water stability. The present results further support the hypothesis that AMF can become important in global change scenarios. Although in this field study a causal relationship between hyphal length, glomalin and aggregate stability cannot be demonstrated, the present data do suggest that AMF could mediate changes in soil structure under elevated CO2. This could be of great importance in agricultural systems threatened by erosional soil loss. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rillig, MC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, HS104, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Rillig, Matthias/B-3675-2009 OI Rillig, Matthias/0000-0003-3541-7853 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 43 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00404.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 424VP UT WOS:000168254900011 ER PT J AU Lang, RF Richard, RD Winkler, J Wheeler, G AF Lang, RF Richard, RD Winkler, J Wheeler, G TI Distribution of Urophora affinis and U-quadrifasciata (Diptera : Tephritidae) for biological control of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) and diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) in Michigan SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; ESTABLISHMENT; CANADA; FLY AB Urophora affinis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and U. quadrifasciata (Diptera: Tephritidae) are two seedhead flies approved for release in the United States in 1971 and 1988, respectively for biological control of spotted and diffuse knapweed. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection Quarantine (APHIS) released a mixture of 4,000 adult U. affinis and U. quadrifasciata in Isabella County, Michigan, in 1994. No Urophora species were found in pre-release samples in seven counties in 1993. Samples collected in three counties in 1994, prior to the APHIS release, detected U. quadrifasciata in Menominee County. Surveys from 1998 to 2000 found U. affinis in 23 counties around and including Isabella County. Urophora affinis was also found in Schoolcraft County in northern Michigan. Urophora quadrifasciata was found in 86 samples in 83 counties and U. affinis in 42 samples in 24 counties from surveys taken in 1998 to 2000. Centaurea maculosa (Compositae) (spotted knapweed) was found to be present in all 83 counties and C. diffusa (Compositae) (diffuse knapweed) in two Michigan counties. C1 Montana State Univ, USDA, APHIS, PPQ,Bozeman Biol Control Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Michigan Dept Agr, Traverse City, MI 49684 USA. APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA. RP Lang, RF (reprint author), Montana State Univ, USDA, APHIS, PPQ,Bozeman Biol Control Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD SPR-SUM PY 2001 VL 34 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 625DG UT WOS:000179801200006 ER PT J AU Rupp, DE Selker, JS Simunek, J AF Rupp, DE Selker, JS Simunek, J TI A modification to the Bouwer and Rice method of slug-test analysis for large-diameter, hand-dug wells SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AB The Bouwer and Rice method of estimating the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) from slug-test data was evaluated for geometries typical of hand-dug wells, A two-dimensional, radially symmetric and variably saturated, ground water transport model was used to simulate well recovery given a range of well and aquifer geometries and unsaturated soil properties, the latter in terms of the van Genuchten parameters, The standard Bouwer and Rice method, when applied to the modeled recharge rates, underestimated K-s by factors ranging from 1.3 to 5.6, depending on the well geometry and the soil type. The Bouwer and Rice analytical solution was modified to better explain the recovery rates as predicted by the numerical model, which revealed a significant dependence on the unsaturated soil for the shallow and wide geometries that are typical of traditional wells. The modification introduces a new parameter to the Bouwer and Rice analysis that is a measure of soil capillarity which improves the accuracy of K-s estimates by tenfold for the geometries tested. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Rupp, DE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014; OI Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 308 EP 314 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02313.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 408LY UT WOS:000167328700021 PM 11286079 ER PT J AU Chen, ZT Karaplis, AC Ackerman, SL Pogribny, IP Melnyk, S Lussier-Cacan, S Chen, MF Pai, A John, SWM Smith, RS Bottiglieri, T Bagley, P Selhub, J Rudnicki, MA James, SJ Rozen, R AF Chen, ZT Karaplis, AC Ackerman, SL Pogribny, IP Melnyk, S Lussier-Cacan, S Chen, MF Pai, A John, SWM Smith, RS Bottiglieri, T Bagley, P Selhub, J Rudnicki, MA James, SJ Rozen, R TI Mice deficient in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase exhibit hyperhomocysteinemia and decreased methylation capacity, with neuropathology and aortic lipid deposition SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELL INJURY; COMMON MUTATION; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; RISK FACTOR; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; FOLATE AB Hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is caused by nutritional and/or genetic disruptions in homocysteine metabolism. The most common genetic cause of hyperhomocysteinemia is the 677C-->T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. This variant, with mild enzymatic deficiency, is associated with an increased risk for neural tube defects and pregnancy complications and with a decreased risk for colon cancer and leukemia. Although many studies have reported that this variant is also a risk factor for vascular disease, this area of investigation is still controversial. Severe MTHFR deficiency results in homocystinuria, an inborn error of metabolism with neurological and vascular complications. To investigate the in vivo pathogenetic mechanisms of MTHFR deficiency, we generated mice with a knockout of Mthfr. Plasma total homocysteine levels in heterozygous and homozygous knockout mice are 1.,6- and 10-fold higher than those in wild-type littermates, respectively. Both heterozygous and homozygous knockouts have either significantly decreased S-adenosylmethionine levels or significantly increased S-adenosylhomocysteine levels, or both, with global DNA hypomethylation. The heterozygous knockout mice appear normal, whereas the homozygotes are smaller and show developmental retardation with cerebellar pathology. Abnormal lipid deposition in the proximal portion of the aorta was observed in older heterozygotes and homozygotes, alluding to an atherogenic effect of hyperhomocysteinemia in these mice. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Human Genet & Pediat, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Med, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Pathol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Clin Res Inst Montreal, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. Inst Metab Dis, Dallas, TX 75226 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. McMaster Univ, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Rozen, R (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, 4060 St Catherine W,Room 242, Montreal, PQ H3Z 2Z3, Canada. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 NR 61 TC 360 Z9 377 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 10 IS 5 BP 433 EP 443 DI 10.1093/hmg/10.5.433 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 407FB UT WOS:000167260600001 PM 11181567 ER PT J AU Schuschke, DA Saari, JT Miller, FN AF Schuschke, DA Saari, JT Miller, FN TI Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion is impaired in the cremaster muscle microcirculation of the copper-deficient rat SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE copper; leukocyte adhesion; microcirculation; endothelium ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MESENTERIC VENULES; CELL-INTERACTIONS; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; NEUTROPHILS; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION AB Dietary copper deficiency impairs the function of both the vascular endothelium and circulating leukocytes. In the current study, leukocyte-endothelium adhesion was observed in the in vivo cremaster muscle microcirculation of copper-adequate and copper-deficient rats. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets that were either adequate (5.6 mug/g) or deficient (0.3 mug/g) in copper. Adhesion was stimulated with the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha and bradykinin, and the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine Intravascular adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium was significantly attenuated in the copper-deficient group in response to all three agonists. These results occurred without any difference in intravascular wall shear rate between the dietary groups. Based on previous work, we propose that the attenuated response is caused by either decreased expression of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial cells or by inhibition of the endothelial cell calcium signaling associated with copper deficiency. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 76 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(01)00171-7 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 420NF UT WOS:000168010500011 PM 11274733 ER PT J AU Augustus, GDPS Seiler, GJ AF Augustus, GDPS Seiler, GJ TI Promising oil producing seed species of Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, India) SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE seeds; oil; hydrocarbon; polyphenol; gross heat value; fatty acid; protein ID RUBBER-PRODUCING CROPS; HYDROCARBON AB Fifteen species of plants from the Western Ghats were screened as alternative sources of energy, oil, polyphenol, hydrocarbon, and phytochemicals. The highest oil content was observed in Achras sapota with 13.8%. The highest polyphenol and hydrocarbon content was observed in seeds of Dalbergin sissoo with 7.1% and 1.9%, respectively. The seeds of Prosopis spicigera yielded the highest protein content with 20.9%. P. spicigera exhibits highest quantity of carbohydrate with 7.9%. The gross heat value of 5506.0 cal/g for the sleds of Terminalia tomentosa was the highest among the species analysed. The gross heat value of oil and hydrocarbon fractions of A. sapota were very high with 8717.0 and 9930.0 cal/g. respectively. The fatty acid composition of Calophyllum elatum seed oil contained oleic acid (38.02%), palmitic acid (20.98%), and linoleic acid (14.48%). The hydrocarbon fractions were also analysed to determine the type of isoprene present. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 VHNSN Coll, Res Ctr Bot, Virudhunagar 626001, India. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Augustus, GDPS (reprint author), 1 Mangalapuram 1st Lane, Dindigul 624003, India. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00056-X PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 423JX UT WOS:000168174100002 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Glenn, GM Orts, WJ TI Properties of starch-based foam formed by compression/explosion processing SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE food packaging; expanded polystyrene; starch utilization AB Single-use foam packaging is used by manufacturers to protect and preserve a wide array of food and industrial products. Starch is one possible alternative material for making foam products. Starch-based foam was made using a compression/explosion process to study its properties and potential for single-use packaging. A feedstock was first prepared which consisted of wheat (WS), corn (CS) or potato starch (PS) that was formed into aggregates (1-3 mm) and conditioned to moisture levels ranging from 8 to 20%. The conditioned aggregates were loaded in an aluminum compression mold heated to 230 degreesC and compressed for 10 s with 3.5 MPa force. The force was instantaneously released resulting in an explosive release of steam as the starch feedstock expanded and filled the mold. The moisture content of the feedstock influenced the density and compressive properties of the foam. Wheat, corn and potato starch feedstock with 17, 17 and 14% moisture content, respectively, produced foam with some physical and mechanical properties similar to those of commercial food containers. The starch foam had the general shape of the mold and appeared similar to polystyrene, The microstructure of the foam revealed a cellular structure with mostly closed cells less than 1 mm in diameter. However, some regions of the foam had a microstructure similar to that of expanded polystyrene except that the cells were much small (< 0.1 mm). (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00060-1 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 423JX UT WOS:000168174100006 ER PT J AU Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH Chatters, AZ AF Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH Chatters, AZ TI Comparison of attrition in citric acid modified soybean hulls and commercial cation exchange resins SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE attrition; modified soybean hulls; cation exchange resins ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; ADSORPTION; METALS AB The integrity of ion exchange media used under conditions of different times of use, temperatures and pH values is important in its selection. This study was conducted to quantify the lack of integrity (attrition) in base-extracted (BE), citric acid (CA)-modified soybean hulls, a lignocellulosic cation exchange material and compare its attrition to two synthetic, commercial cation exchange resins. Attrition was determined in both batch and column operations. Batch studies included measuring attrition over a 23 h period under conditions of constant pH, variable pH and at different temperatures. Under conditions of a constant pH of 4.8, 25 degreesC and using a stir bar, modified hulls had mostly lower attrition than the two commercial products. Under acidic conditions, modified hulls demonstrated very low ( < 5%) attrition. At alkaline pH values, modified hulls had higher attrition than the resins after 24 h of stirring at 25 degreesC. Although attrition increased at alkaline pH, the modified hulls ability to bind copper ion (Cu2+) was unaffected by FH. After 74 h shaking at 65 and 85 degreesC, modified hulls also had greater attrition than the synthetic polymers. At these temperatures, a decreased ability of the modified hulls to bind copper ion was observed compared to the lower temperatures of 25 and 45 degreesC. When the products were compared in column experiments at 25 degreesC, all materials had low ( < 10%) attrition. Our studies indicate that in terms of product integrity, modified soybean hulls could be useful in several applications requiring a metal ion adsorbent, bur not necessarily at high temperatures. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Marshall, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00063-7 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 423JX UT WOS:000168174100009 ER PT J AU Register, KB AF Register, KB TI Novel genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in Bordetella bronchiseptica pertactin SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PATHOGEN-FREE PIGLETS; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCE; ANTIGEN; STRAINS; P.69 AB The Bordetella bronchiseptica outer membrane protein pertactin is believed to function as an adhesin and is an important protective immunogen, Previous sequence analysis of the pertactin gene identified two regions predicted to encode amino acid repeat motifs. Recent studies have documented DNA sequence heterogeneity in both regions. The present study describes additional variants in these regions, which form the basis for six novel pertactin types. Immunoblotting demonstrated phenotypic heterogeneity in pert actin consistent with the predicted combined sizes of the repeat regions. A revised system for classifying B. bronchiseptica pertactin variants is proposed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1917 EP 1921 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1917-1921.2001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 404GZ UT WOS:000167090200091 PM 11179374 ER PT J AU Walsh, CP Vemulapalli, R Sriranganathan, N Zajac, AM Jenkins, MC Lindsay, DS AF Walsh, CP Vemulapalli, R Sriranganathan, N Zajac, AM Jenkins, MC Lindsay, DS TI Molecular comparison of the dense granule proteins GRA6 and GRA7 of Neospora hughesi and Neospora caninum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora hughesi; Neospora caninum; dense granule; GRA6; GRA7 ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ANTIGEN; DOGS; HOST; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Neospora hughesi is a recently described apicomplexan parasite that has been associated with several cases of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. The biology of this new parasite is just beginning to be defined. Towards this understanding, we report important differences between the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the dense granule proteins GRA6 and GRA7 of N. hughesi and Neospora caninum.. This information can be used to differentiate the two species and contribute to further understanding of the prevalence and biology of N. hughesi. The newly defined proteins of N. hughesi are referred to as NhGRA6 and NhGRA7 in keeping with the protocol for naming homologous proteins of the Apicomplexa. Genes of the two dense granule proteins of N. hughesi (isolate Nh-A1) and four different isolates of N. caninum were isolated via PCR and their DNA sequences were determined. Computer analysis indicated that the two gene sequences were identical among all four N, caninum isolates. However, the gene for NhGRA6 was found to be 96 nucleotides longer at the 3 ' end than that of NcGRA6, resulting in a protein product that is 32 amino acids larger than NcGRA6. Two tandem repeat sequences were identified at the 3 ' end of the NhGRA6 gene. These repeat sequences contributed to the lengthening of the carboxy terminus of NhGRA6 in comparison with that of NcGRA6. The larger size of NhGRA6 was further confirmed by Western blot analysis in which NcGRA6 monospecific antibodies recognised a protein of approximately 42 kDa in N. hughesi whole tachyzoite preparation but a protein of 37 kDa in N. caninum whole tachyzoite preparation, Analysis of GRA7 gene sequences indicated a 6 and 14.8% difference at nucleotide and amino acid sequence level, respectively, between NcGRA7 and NhGRA7. Despite the same number of residues in the deduced amino acid sequences of all the GRA7 proteins, Western blot analysis indicated a difference in the migration pattern of NhGRA7 in comparison with NcGRA7. Results of our study indicate that diagnostic tests based on differences in dense granule sequences and antigenicity may have potential to differentiate between N. hughesi and N. caninum. Such diagnostic tests would be valuable tools to aid in our understanding of the epidemiology of these parasites. Additionally, dense granule proteins are immunogenic and they may have potential as use in recombinant vaccines against neosporosis. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00169-7 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 413TH UT WOS:000167627700003 PM 11226451 ER PT J AU Morgan, UM Monis, PT Xiao, LH Limor, J Sulaiman, I Raidal, S O'Donoghue, P Gasser, R Murray, A Fayer, R Blagburn, BL Lal, AA Thompson, RCA AF Morgan, UM Monis, PT Xiao, LH Limor, J Sulaiman, I Raidal, S O'Donoghue, P Gasser, R Murray, A Fayer, R Blagburn, BL Lal, AA Thompson, RCA TI Molecular and phylogenetic characterisation of Cryptosporidium from birds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; birds; finch; 18S rRNA; HSP-70; species ID INTESTINAL PASSAGE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PARVUM; CHICKENS; BAILEYI; OOCYSTS; GENE; MELEAGRIDIS; VIABILITY; PROTEIN AB Avian isolates of Cryptosporidium species from different geographic locations were sequenced at two loci, the 18S rRNA gene and the heat shock gene (HSP-70). Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data provided support for the existence of a new avian species of Cryptosporidium infecting finches and a second species infecting a black duck. The identity of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium meleagridis as valid species was confirmed. Also, C. baileyi was identified in a number of isolates from the brown quail extending the host range of this species. (C) 2001 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Murdoch Univ, World Hlth Org, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotech Ctr, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Australian Water Qual Ctr, Microbiol Unit, Bolivar, SA 5110, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Murdoch Univ, Div Clin Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Morgan, UM (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, World Hlth Org, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Raidal, Shane/C-4632-2008; Monis, Paul/B-8539-2011; O'Donoghue, Peter/G-1043-2011; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Monis, Paul/0000-0002-9052-4742 NR 33 TC 118 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00164-8 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 413TH UT WOS:000167627700008 PM 11226456 ER PT J AU La Rosa, G Marucci, G Zarlenga, DS Pozio, E AF La Rosa, G Marucci, G Zarlenga, DS Pozio, E TI Trichinella pseudospiralis populations of the Palearctic region and their relationship with populations of the Nearctic and Australian regions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE non-encapsulated larvae; Trichinella pseudospiralis; Trichinella papuae; cross-breeding; allozymes; cytochrome oxidase I gene; expansion segment five; polymorphism; zoogeographical regions ID IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; OUTBREAK; SPIRALIS; BIRDS; GENUS AB Since few non-encapsulated isolates of Trichinella have been studied to date, their level of differentiation from encapsulated species and the taxonomic value of the observed polymorphisms remain to be determined. To this end, biological, biochemical and molecular data from 11 isolates of Trichinella pseudospiralis and one isolate of Trichinella papuae were examined using the broad group of encapsulated species and genotypes for comparison. Single-worm cross-breeding experiments and reproductivity capacity indices revealed Fl progeny only among T. pseudospiralis isolates from different zoogeographical regions, whereas no Fl were produced when T. pseudospiralis was crossed with T. papuae. Furthermore, unlike T. pseudospiralis, T. papuae failed to infect chickens. Comparative analysis of 12 allozymes revealed a single difference between Nearctic and Australian isolates of T. pseudospiralis, but substantial differences when compared with T. papuae (i.e. two unique and six diagnostic markers). Molecular studies involving mitochondrial-derived genes encoding cytochrome oxidase I and the large subunit ribosomal DNA indicated a high level of sequence similarity among T. pseudospiralis isolates; however, a concomitantly high level of variation was observed in expansion segment five of the genomic large subunit ribosomal DNAs among T. pseudospiralis isolates and between this species and T, papuae. Collectively, these results demonstrate high uniformity among isolates of T. pseudospiralis from Eurasia and polymorphism among isolates of T. pseudospiralis belonging to different zoogeographical regions; the results corroborate the classification of T. papuae as a differentiated species. (C) 2001 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pozio, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RI MARUCCI, GIANLUCA/O-2289-2015 NR 28 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00110-2 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 413TH UT WOS:000167627700009 PM 11226457 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Brandon, DL AF Friedman, M Brandon, DL TI Nutritional and health benefits of soy proteins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE anticarcinogenic effects; Bowman-Birk inhibitor; cardiovascular health; disulfide exchange; cholesterol-lowering effects; health benefits; immunoassays; isoflavones; lysine; lysinoalanine; methionine; Kunitz trypsin inhibitor; nutrition; nutritional improvement; soy lectins; sulfitolysis ID BOWMAN-BIRK INHIBITOR; SOYBEAN TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; JIMSON WEED DATURA; SICKLEPOD CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; AMINO-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; MORNING-GLORY IPOMOEA; RAT GROWTH ASSAYS; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; PANCREATIC CARCINOGENESIS AB Soy protein is a major component of the diet of food-producing animals and is increasingly important in the human diet. However, soy protein is not an ideal protein because it is deficient in the essential amino acid methionine. Methionine supplementation benefits soy infant formulas, but apparently not food intended for adults with an adequate nitrogen intake. Soy protein content of another essential amino acid, lysine, although higher than that of wheat proteins, is still lower than that of the milk protein casein. Adverse nutritional and other effects following consumption of raw soybean meal have been attributed to the presence of endogenous inhibitors of digestive enzymes and lectins and to poor digestibility. To improve the nutritional quality of soy foods, inhibitors and lectins are generally inactivated by heat treatment or eliminated by fractionation during food processing. Although lectins are heat-labile, the inhibitors are more heat-stable than the lectins. Most commercially heated meals retain up to 20% of the Bowman-Birk (BBI) inhibitor of chymotrypsin and trypsin and the Kunitz inhibitor of trypsin (KTI). To enhance the value of soybeans in human nutrition and health, a better understanding is needed of the factors that impact the nutrition and health-promoting aspects of soy proteins. This paper discusses the composition in relation to properties of soy proteins. Also described are possible beneficial and adverse effects of soy-containing diets. The former include soy-induced lowering of cholesterol, anticarcinogenic effects of:BBI, and protective effects against obesity, diabetes, irritants of the digestive tract, bone, and kidney diseases, whereas the latter include poor digestibility and allergy to soy proteins. Approaches to reduce the concentration of soybean inhibitors by rearrangement of:protein disulfide bonds, immunoassays of inhibitors in processed soy foods and soybean germplasm, the roles of phytoestrogenic isoflavones and lectins, and research needs in all of these areas are also discussed. This integrated overview of the widely scattered literature emphasizes general concepts based on our own studies as well as recent studies by others. It is intended to stimulate interest in further research to optimize beneficial effects of soy proteins. The payoff will be healthier humans and improved animal feeds. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 220 TC 353 Z9 386 U1 20 U2 151 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1069 EP 1086 DI 10.1021/jf0009246 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400001 PM 11312815 ER PT J AU Schoch, TK Manners, GD Hasegawa, S AF Schoch, TK Manners, GD Hasegawa, S TI Analysis of limonoid glucosides from Citrus by electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE limonoid glucoside; limonin; 17 beta-D-glucopyranoside; electrospray ionization; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Citrus ID 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE AB An electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS) method for the detection and quantitation of limonoid glucosides has been developed. Negative ions [NI - H+](-) characteristic of six limonoid glucosides can be detected and quantified from selected ion monitoring chromatograms using carminic acid as an internal standard. The described method has been applied to the analysis of limonoid glucoside content in various liquid and solid Citrus spp. samples as well as complex mixtures of partially purified limonoid glucosides. Rapid and sensitive qualitative screening of samples for limonoid glucosides can also be accomplished with slight modifications of the method. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Schoch, TK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1102 EP 1108 DI 10.1021/jf001157d PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400005 PM 11312819 ER PT J AU Ashby, KD Casey, TA Rasmussen, MA Petrich, JW AF Ashby, KD Casey, TA Rasmussen, MA Petrich, JW TI Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy of F420 extracted from methanogen cells and its utility as a marker for fecal contamination SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fluorescence spectroscopy; fluorescent marker; F420; methanogen; methanogenic bacteria; meat contamination ID COENZYME F420; METHANOBACTERIUM; BACTERIA; FECES; SHEEP AB Methanogenic bacteria, which are common inhabitants of the animal digestive tract, contain the fluorescent compound F420 (coenzyme 420), a 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin chromophore. F420 was characterized as an initial step in determining if this compound would be useful as a fluorescent marker for the detection of fecal and ingesta contamination. Using a single anion exchange chromatographic process, F420 was separated from other cell components of a Methano-brevibacter sp. cell culture. The extent of separation was determined spectroscopically. To aid in the development of possible techniques for the detection of fecal contamination using F420 as a marker, further spectroscopic investigation of F420 was conducted using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence methods. The fluorescence lifetime of F420 in an elution buffer of pH 7.5 was found to be 4.2 ns. At higher pH values, the fluorescence decay, F(t), was best described by a sum of two exponentials: at pH 13, P(t) = 0.31 exp(-t/4.20 ns) + 0.69 exp(-t/1.79 ns). Further investigation using front-faced fluorescence techniques' has shown that-emission from F420 can be collected efficiently from samples of methanogen cell cultures as well as from fecal material. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Casey, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tcasey@nadc.ars.usda.gov; mrasmuss@nadc.ars.usda.gov; jwp@iastate.edu RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014; Petrich, Jacob/L-1005-2015 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1123 EP 1127 DI 10.1021/jf000689r PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400008 PM 11312822 ER PT J AU Goodner, KL Rouseff, RL Hofsommer, HJ AF Goodner, KL Rouseff, RL Hofsommer, HJ TI Orange, mandarin, and hybrid classification using multivariate statistics based on carotenoid profiles SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mandarin; orange; juice; statistical; classification; carotenoids; HPLC; saponification ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; CITRUS; DIFFERENTIATION; SEPARATION; VARIETIES; SHAMOUTI; PIGMENTS; VALENCIA; COLUMN AB A study was undertaken to differentiate citrus on the basis of a carotenoid profile obtained from the HPLC determination of 12 carotenoids found in saponified fresh juice. Mandarin, orange, and; various hybrid varieties were analyzed to determine their carotenoid profiles. The resulting peak areas were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminate analysis (CDA), and Mahalanobis distances. These were used to develop models fdr classifying the juices into appropriate groups. Thirty-two samples were analyzed to determine classification techniques. Mandarin and orange juices were quite distinct, with the hybrids scattered throughout the mandarin and orange clusters using PCA. CDA resulted in three distinct groups with only a few of the hybrids in the orange grouping. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Gesell Lebensmittel Forsch, D-10787 Berlin, Germany. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 24 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1146 EP 1150 DI 10.1021/jf000866o PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400012 PM 11312826 ER PT J AU Doner, LW Johnston, DB Singh, V AF Doner, LW Johnston, DB Singh, V TI Analysis and properties of arabinoxylans from discrete corn wet-milling fiber fractions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corn fiber; corn wet-milling; coarse fiber; fine fiber; hemicellulose; arabinoxylan; sugar analysis; capillary electrophoresis ID ELECTROPHORESIS; EXTRACTION; HEMICELLULOSE; GUM AB Three fibrous corn wet-milling fractions, coarse fiber, fine fiber, and spent flake, were isolated. More highly valued uses are sought for these milling products, which are generally directed into the corn gluten feed product stream. Coarse fiber was further dissected into pericarp and aleurone layers. An alkaline hydrogen;peroxide process was used to efficiently extract corn fiber gum (CFG) from each of the materials. CFG is a hemicellulose B arabinoxylan which also contains low levels of D,L-galactose and D-glucuronic acid. CFG yield information was obtained from each source, as well as structural information in terms of degrees of branching of the beta -D-xylopyranose backbone with. alpha -L-arabinofuranosyl moieties. There were significant differences in degree of branching among the CFGs from the various fractions. A novel capillary electrophoresis procedure was developed to measure these differences. Solution viscosity differences among the CFGs were also observed. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Doner, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1266 EP 1269 DI 10.1021/jf001105o PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400034 PM 11312848 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Lazarus, SA Cao, GH Muccitelli, H Hammerstone, JF AF Prior, RL Lazarus, SA Cao, GH Muccitelli, H Hammerstone, JF TI Identification of procyanidins and anthocyanins in blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.) using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ORAC; phenolics; anthocyanins; flavonoids; catechins ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; A-TYPE PROANTHOCYANIDINS; TANNINS; COCOA; PHENOLICS; EXTRACTS; DAMAGE; FRUITS; ASSAY AB Blueberries and cranberries were analyzed for procyanidins using normal-phase HPLC/MS. Monomers, identified as (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, and a series of oligomers were detected in blueberries, and MS data confirmed that the oligomers consisted of(epi)catechin units that were exclusively singly linked (B-type). The procyanidin "fingerprints" were similar for Tifblue and Rubel but higher than that for lowbush blueberries. In whole cranberries, (-)-epicatechin was present, along with a complex series of oligomers. Both A-type (contained only one double linkage per oligomer) and B-type oligomers were present. Two commercial cranberry juices exhibited similar procyanidin profiles, except that one contained increased quantitites. There were processing effects on the procyanidin content of cranberry extract and juices when compared to those of the unprocessed fruits. Monomer, dimers, and A-type trimers were the primary procyanidins, with only trace levels of the B-type trimers and A-type tetramers and with an absence of the higher oligomers in cranberry extract and juices. C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. Tufts Univ, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Mars Inc, Analyt & Appl Sci Grp, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA ARS, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR USA. RI Hammerstone, John/N-9766-2013 NR 29 TC 245 Z9 264 U1 10 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1270 EP 1276 DI 10.1021/jf001211q PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400035 PM 11312849 ER PT J AU Pawlosky, RJ Flanagan, VP AF Pawlosky, RJ Flanagan, VP TI A quantitative stable-isotope LC-MS method for the determination of folic acid fortified foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE folic acid; mass spectrometry; fortified foods; isotope dilution; electrospray ionization ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOLATE AB A stable-isotope liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay was developed for the quantitative determination of folic acid in fortified foods. Folic acid was extracted from food samples into a phosphate buffer, purified on a C-18 Sep-Pak cartridge, and analyzed by LC-MS in the negative ion mode using electrospray ionization. The analyte was quantified using C-13(5)' -folic acid as an internal standard. The coefficient of variation for the precision of the method was 5.6% based on the analysis of four sample replicates. The accuracy of the method was assessed using a standard method of addition of folic acid to a shredded whole-wheat cereal. The quantitative determination of folic acid in this matrix was linear over 1 order of magnitude having a concentration range of 2.4 to 24 mug/g of food:(or 0.05 to 0.5 mug of analyte injected into the LC-MS). The overall quantitative efficiency of the method was evaluated using a standard reference material (infant formula SRM 1846). The method was applied to the determination of folic acid in several test samples (fortified breakfast cereals), and the values were in accord with the manufacturer's claim. This method advances a LC-MS technique-for the determination of folic acid in fortified foods based on stable-isotope dilution methodology. The specificity of the technique and quantitative accuracy of the method in various food substrates suggests that the method may be adapted for routine analysis in other fortified foods. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pawlosky, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Bldg 161,Rm 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1282 EP 1286 DI 10.1021/jf001172i PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400037 PM 11312851 ER PT J AU Loughrin, JH Kasperbauer, MJ AF Loughrin, JH Kasperbauer, MJ TI Light reflected from colored mulches affects aroma and phenol content of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE basil; Ocimum basilicum; aroma; colored mulches; reflected light; terpene; terpenoid; phenolics ID FIELD CONDITIONS AB Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an herb the leaves of which are used to add a distinct aroma and flavor to food. It was hypothesized that the size and chemical composition of sun-grown basil leaves could be influenced by the color of light reflected from the soil surface and by the action of the reflected light through the natural growth regulatory system within the growing plants. Leaf morphology, aroma compounds, and soluble phenolics were compared in basil that had been grown over six colors of polyethylene row covers. Altering the ratios of blue, red, and far-red light reflected to growing plants influenced both leaf morphology and chemistry. Leaves developing over red surfaces had greater area, moisture percentage (succulence), and fresh weight than those developing over black surfaces. Basil grown over yellow and green surfaces produced significantly higher concentrations of aroma compounds than did basil grown over white and blue covers. Leaves grown over yellow and green mulches also contained significantly higher concentrations of phenolics than those grown over the other colors. Clearly, the wavelengths (color) of light reflected to growing basil plants affected leaf size, aroma, and concentrations of soluble phenolics, some of which are antioxidants. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Kasperbauer, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1331 EP 1335 DI 10.1021/jf0012648 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400046 PM 11312860 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Grimm, CC AF Beaulieu, JC Grimm, CC TI Identification of volatile compounds in cantaloupe at various developmental stages using solid phase microextraction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aroma; cantaloupe; Cucumis melo; flavor; fresh-cut; fruit; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; maturity; melon; quality; solid phase microextraction; SPME; volatiles ID HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE ACTIVITIES; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MELO CV MAKDIMON; CUCUMIS-MELO; MUSKMELON FRUIT; CITRULLUS-VULGARIS; STRAWBERRY FRUITS; FLAVOR VOLATILES; AROMA VOLATILES; RAPID ANALYSIS AB Using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) method for volatile extraction in cantaloupes, 86 compounds already reported for muskmelons were recovered and an additional 53 compounds not previously reported were identified or tentatively identified. The SPME method extracted a copious number of volatiles that can be analyzed to clearly differentiate between variety, growth stage, and stage of harvest ripeness. Most of the newly reported compounds in cantaloupe were esters and aldehydes that have already been demonstrated as flavor-related compounds in other products. All esters believed to have flavor impact increased progressively after pollination, and this trend continued with increasing harvest maturity. However, compound recovery often decreased when fruits were harvested over-ripe. Most aldehydes increased during early growth stages and then tapered off with increasing harvest maturity. The SPME method suitably recovered most compounds reported to impart characteristic flavor/aroma in muskmelons. SPME offers experimental flexibility and the ability to discover more compounds and address flavor quality changes in fresh-cut cantaloupe. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert F Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 53 TC 114 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1345 EP 1352 DI 10.1021/jf0005768 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400048 PM 11312862 ER PT J AU Nandula, VK Westwood, JH Foster, JG Foy, CL AF Nandula, VK Westwood, JH Foster, JG Foy, CL TI Influence of glyphosate on amino acid composition of Egyptian broomrape [Orobanche aegyptiaca (Pers.)] and selected hosts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; amino acid composition; Egyptian broomrape; Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.; common vetch; Vicia sativa L; oilseed rape; Brassica napus L ID LATHRAEA-CLANDESTINA L; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; HOLOPARASITIC PLANT; ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; PARASITES AB The parasitic plant broomrape is entirely dependent on its host for reduced carbon and nitrogen and is also susceptible to inhibition by glyphosate that is translocated to the parasite through a host. Studies were conducted to examine the effect of broomrape parasitism on amino acid concentrations of two hosts: common vetch that is tolerant of low levels of glyphosate and oilseed rape that has been genetically engineered for glyphosate resistance. The influence of glyphosate on the amino acid content of broomrape and the two hosts was also examined. Amino acid concentrations in leaves and roots of parasitized common vetch plants were generally similar to those of the corresponding tissues of nonparasitized plants, Amino acid concentrations in broomrape were lower than those of the parasitized common vetch root. For common vetch, glyphosate applied at rates that selectively inhibited broomrape growth did not alter individual amino acid concentrations in the leaves, but generally increased amino acid levels at 0.18 kg ha(-1). Glyphosate application also increased the amino acid concentrations, with the exception of arginine, of broomrape growing on common vetch and did not generally influence concentrations in leaves or roots of common vetch. In oilseed rape, parasitization by broomrape generally led to higher amino acid concentrations in leaves but lower concentrations in roots of parasitized plants. Broomrape had higher amino acid concentrations than roots of the parasitized oilseed rape. Glyphosate applied at 0.25 and 0.5 kg ha-l generally increased the amino acid concentrations in oilseed rape leaves, but the 0.75 kg ha(-1) application caused the amino acid concentrations to decrease compared to those of untreated plants. In oilseed rape root the general trend was an increase in the concentration of amino acids at the two highest rates of glyphosate. Individual amino acid concentrations in broomrape attachment-a growing on oilseed rape were generally increased following glyphosate application of 0.25 kg ha(-1). These results indicate that law rates of glyphosate alter amino acid profiles in,both host and broomrape and raise questions about the regulation of amino acid metabolism in the parasite. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Foy, CL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1524 EP 1528 DI 10.1021/jf000268+ PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400076 PM 11312890 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Jiao, HJ AF Wang, SY Jiao, HJ TI Changes in oxygen-scavenging systems and membrane lipid peroxidation during maturation and ripening in blackberry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; blackberry; lipid peroxidation; oxygen-scavenging enzymes; maturation and ripening ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SENSITIVE METHOD; SENESCENCE; FRUIT; GLUTATHIONE; CATALASE; PLANTS; ENZYME AB Maturation and ripening of blackberry (Rubus sp.) fruit was accompanied by decreased activities of oxygen-scavenging enzymes [superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), glutathione-peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6)] and enzymes in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle [ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) monodehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.6.5.4), dehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2)]. Nonenzyme components in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle:such as ascorbate (AsA), dehydroascorbate (DHAsA), glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the ratios of AsA/DHAsA, GSH/GSSG were also decreased. These decreases in antioxidant capacity were correlated with increases in the ratios of saturated to unsaturated fatty acid of polar lipids and free sterols to phospholipids, thus contributing to decreased fluidity, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and-membrane deterioration, which may be associated with ripening and senescence in blackberry fruit. C1 USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 49 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1612 EP 1619 DI 10.1021/jf0013757 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 437AE UT WOS:000168967400090 PM 11312904 ER PT J AU Stellflug, JN Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Hensley, EL Cowardin, EA Seals, RC Lewis, GS AF Stellflug, JN Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Hensley, EL Cowardin, EA Seals, RC Lewis, GS TI Oxytocin-induced cervical dilation and cervical manipulation in sheep: Effects on laparoscopic artificial insemination SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE artificial insemination; cervix; laparoscopy; oxytocin; sheep ID PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; EXOGENOUS OXYTOCIN; FERTILITY; EWES; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; OVULATION; TIME; TRANSPORT; SEMEN AB The difficulty of cervical penetration severely limits the use of transcervical AI (TAI) in sheep, and trauma from cervical manipulation (CM) may reduce fertility after TAI. We investigated the effects of cervical dilation using exogenous oxytocin (OT) to facilitate TAI and its effects on reproductive variables after laparoscopic AI (LAI). Estrus was synchronized by inserting pessaries impregnated with 6 alpha -methyl-17 alpha -hydroxyprogesterone acetate (60 mg) for 12 d. In Exp. 1, we determined whether OT and CM before LAI affected the interval from pessary removal to ovulation and fertilization rate. Crossbred ewes (n = 16) were assigned to 1) saline-CM or 2) OT-CM. In Exp. 2, effects of OT and GM on lambing rates were evaluated with white-faced ewes (n = 220) in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment: I) saline-sham CM; 2) saline-CM; 3) OT-sham CM; and 4) OT-CM. In both studies, eCG (400 IU i.m.) was injected at pessary removal, and LAI was performed 48 to 52 h later. In Exp. I, ewes received i.v. either 400 USP units of OT or 20 mL of saline at 30 to 60 min before LAI, and CM was administered as for TAI. Beginning 32 h after pessary removal and continuing at 8-h intervals, ovaries were examined with ultrasonography to estimate time of ovulation. Treatment in Exp. 1 did not affect combined ovum/embryo recovery rate (69%), but OT-CM: decreased fertilization rate (47 vs 59%; P < 0.05). The OT tended to reduce the interval to ovulation (OT, 59 h vs saline, 66 h; P < 0.06). The OT x CM interaction in Exp. 1 was not significant. For Exp. 2, approximately 25 min before sham CM or CM, 200 USP units of OT or 10 mL of saline was injected i.v. The LAI was performed immediately after sham CM or CM. At 10 to 12 d after AI in Exp. 2, ewes were mated with Suffolk rams. Blood was collected between 24 and 26 d after AI for pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) RIA. The PSPB pregnancy and lambing rates were both 62% in saline-sham controls. The CM did not affect pregnancy (69%) or lambing rate (64%). The OT treatment decreased (P < 0.05) PSPB pregnancy (59%) and lambing rates (56%) in OT-sham ewes and pregnancy and lambing rates in CM ewes (both 43%). Neither CM nor OT before LAI affected lambing rates to next estrus, indicating no long-term damage to the cervix or uterus. In summary, CM did not affect fertility after LAI, but OT decreased lambing rate independent of CM. If OT will not be usable for TAT, it may still be a tool for training TAI personnel. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Virginia, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Stellflug, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 568 EP 573 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 408LD UT WOS:000167326900002 PM 11263815 ER PT J AU Cline, MA Ralston, JN Seals, RC Lewis, GS AF Cline, MA Ralston, JN Seals, RC Lewis, GS TI Intervals from norgestomet withdrawal and injection of equine chorionic gonadotropin or PG 600 to estrus and ovulation in ewes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE estrus; gonadotropins; ovulation; progestogens; sheep; synchronization ID FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN; OVIDUCAL INSEMINATION; MELENGESTROL ACETATE; SUPEROVULATED EWES; ESTROUS-CYCLE; INTRAUTERINE; PREGNANCY; FERTILITY; TIME; SPERMATOZOA AB Synchronization of estrus and ovulation is essential for AI of ewes during a predetermined time frame, and progestogen-eCG treatments are typically used to prepare the ewes. However, eCG; is not readily available in the United States, but P.G. 600 (400 IU of eCG and 200 IU of hCG) is available. Thus, we conducted a study to determine the effects of eCG and P.G. 600 on the timing of estrus and ovulation after progestogen withdrawal. Ewes were assigned to two replicates of an experiment with the following treatments: 1) 3-mg norgestomet implant (i.e., one-half of a Syncro-Mate-B [SMB] implant) for 10 d, plus 2 mL of saline i.m. at SMB removal (n = 11); 2) 3-mg SMB implant for 10 d, plus 400 IU of eCG i.m. at SMB removal (n = 13); and 3) 3-mg SMB implant for 10 d, plus PIG. 600 i.m. at implant removal (n = 9). On d 6 after SMB insertion, PGF(2 alpha) was used to induce luteolysis. Beginning 12 h after implant removal, vasectomized rams were used at 12-h intervals to check for estrus. When a ewe was detected in estrus, each ovary was evaluated ultrasonically. Ovaries were evaluated again 16 h later and then at 8-h intervals until ovulation. Treatment altered the interval from implant removal to estrus (less [P < 0.05] in SMB + eCG than in the other two groups) and to ovulation (greatest [P < 0.05] in SMB). However, the treatment x replicate interaction was significant for the intervals from implant removal to estrus (P < 0.03) and from implant removal to ovulation (P < 0.05). An inconsistent response in the SMB-treated ewes seemed to be primarily responsible for the interaction. The intervals to estrus and to ovulation for the SMB-treated ewes were shorter (P < 0.05) in Replicate 1 than in Replicate 2. Also, both intervals seemed to be less consistent between replicates for the SMB + P.G. 600- than for the SMB + eCG-treated ewes that is, eCG seemed to increase the predictability of the intervals to estrus and to ovulation. Neither the main effects of treatment and replicate nor their interaction were significant for the,interval from estrus to ovulation (38.4 +/- 3.3 h), size of the ovulatory follicle (7.7 +/- 0.8 mm), or ovulation rate (1.6 +/- 0.2). We concluded from this experiment that eCG is a better choice than P.G. 600 as the gonadotropin to use at the time of progestogen withdrawal to prepare ewes for AI during a predetermined interval. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 589 EP 594 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 408LD UT WOS:000167326900005 PM 11263818 ER PT J AU Cassady, JP Johnson, RK Pomp, D Rohrer, GA Van Vleck, LD Spiegel, EK Gilson, KM AF Cassady, JP Johnson, RK Pomp, D Rohrer, GA Van Vleck, LD Spiegel, EK Gilson, KM TI Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting reproduction in pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; quantitative trait loci; reproduction ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; UTILIZING LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; OVULATION RATE; LITTER SIZE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SWINE; RESPONSES; GROWTH; LINES; CROSS AB The objective of this research was to identify chromosomal regions harboring QTL affecting reproduction in pigs. A three-generation resource population was developed by crossing low-indexing pigs from a randomly selected control line (C) with high-indexing pigs of a line selected for increased index of ovulation rate and embryonic survival (I). Differences between Lines I and C at Generation 10 were 6.7 ova and 3.3 fetuses at 50 d of gestation and 3.1 fully formed and 1.6 live pigs at birth. Phenotypic data were collected on Fz females, born in three replicates, for ovulation rate (n = 423), age at puberty (n = 295), litter size (n = 370), and number of nipples (n = 428). Litter-size data included number of fully formed, live, stillborn, and mummified pigs. Grandparent, F-1, and F-2 animals were genotyped for 151 microsatellite markers distributed across all 18 autosomes and the X chromosome. Genotypic data were available on 423 F-2 females. Averages pacing between markers was 19.3 Kosambi centi-morgans. Calculations of logarithms of odds (LOD) scores were by least squares, and fixed effects for siredam combination and replicate were included in the models. Genome-wide significance level thresholds of 5% and 10% were calculated using a permutation approach. There was evidence (P < 0.05) for QTL affecting ovulation rate on SSC9, age at puberty on SSC7 and SSC8, number of nipples on SSC8 and SSC11, number of stillborn pigs on SSC5 and SSC13, and number of fully formed pigs on SSC11. There was evidence (P < 0.10) for additional QTL affecting age at puberty on SSC7, SSC8, and SSC12, number born live on SSC11, and number of nipples on SSC1, SSC6, and SSC7. Litter size is lowly heritable and sex-limited. Therefore, accuracy of selection for litter size may be enhanced by marker-assisted selection. Ovulation rate and age at puberty are laborious to measure, and thus marker-assisted selection may provide a practical and efficient method of selection. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Johnson, RK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 23 TC 114 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 623 EP 633 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 408LD UT WOS:000167326900009 PM 11263822 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG AF Ramsay, TG TI Porcine leptin alters insulin inhibition of lipolysis in porcine adipocytes in vitro SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipocytes; leptin; lipolysis; pigs ID WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OB/OB MICE; IN-VIVO; SWINE; DIFFERENTIATION; RECEPTOR; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; PREADIPOCYTES; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION AB The present study determined whether porcine leptin can alter the lipolytic rate in porcine adipocytes produced in vitro. The stromal-vascular cell fraction of neonatal subcutaneous adipose tissue was isolated by collagenase digestion, filtration, and subsequent centrifugation. These stromal-vascular cells were seeded on 25-cm(2) tissue culture flasks and proliferated to confluency in 10% fetal bovine serum in DMEM/ F12 (50:50). Cultures were differentiated using 2% pig serum + 10 mM isobutyl methylxanthine + 1 muM dexamethasone far 48 h. This medium was replaced with 5% pig serum + 1 muM insulin to promote lipid filling of adipocytes for 7 d. Adipocyte-containing cultures were incubated overnight in serum-free medium and then used for experiments. Acute experiments assessed lipolysis in cultures exposed to porcine leptin (0 to 1,000 ng/ nit medium) for 2 h. Chronic experiments used cultures incubated with 100 ng porcine leptin/mL of medium for 72 h prior to lipolysis measurements. Direct effects of leptin were examined by incubating cultures in DMEM/ F12, 25 mM HEPES, 3% bovine serum albumin, 20 mU of adenosine deaminase/mL of medium in the presence of 0 to 1,000 ng of porcine leptin/mL of medium. Indirect effects of leptin were examined using the same incubation medium but also supplemented with 1 muM isoproterenol + 10 nM insulin in the presence of 0 to 1,000 ng of porcine leptin/mL of medium. Media glycerol concentration was measured at the end of 2-h inc Libations. Acute leptin exposure induced up to a 76% increase in lipolysis (P < 0.05) but had no effect on insulin's inhibition of lipolysis. Chronic exposure to leptin produced up to a 56% increase in lipolysis (P < 0.05) and reduced insulin's inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis by up to 31% (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate leptin functions to promote the partitioning of energy away from lipid accretion within porcine adipose tissue by promoting lipolysis directly and indirectly by reducing insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis. C1 Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 653 EP 657 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 408LD UT WOS:000167326900012 PM 11263825 ER PT J AU Chandrasekar, R Calabraro, R Myer, LJD Phillippo, T King, JW Eller, FJ AF Chandrasekar, R Calabraro, R Myer, LJD Phillippo, T King, JW Eller, FJ TI Determination of crude fat in meat by supercritical fluid extraction: Direct method - PVM 3 : 2000 SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Meat samples are prepared by passing meat through a food chopper, bowl cutter, or food processor, subsampling the meat, and mixing the meat with granular diatomaceous earth. No drying step is necessary. Supercritical CO2 is then used to extract crude fat (which is defined as the components of meat that are extractable with petroleum ether, without digestion of the sample). Extracted material is deposited on glass wool contained in collection vials. After removal of any residual moisture from the extracts, percent crude fat is determined by weight gain of the collection vial. This method has been peer-verified by 3 laboratories, for a wide variety of raw and processed meat products containing 6-28% crude fat. Samples were prepared at the submitting laboratory. Ground samples were split into 4 portions, packed in Whirlpack bags, and immediately frozen. Frozen samples were sent by overnight mail to the peer laboratories. Samples were then thawed to room temperature, and percent fat was determined tin triplicate), without further processing of the samples. Analysis of the samples was completed within 1 week of sample preparation. On the basis of this study, it can be estimated that all repeatability and reproducibility values are <3.0. Mean accuracy of the direct gravimetric supercritical fluid extraction method for meat samples ranged from +0.22 to -1.41 when the method was compared with AOAC Method 960.39. Interferences are unlikely but would include any nonfat substance that is added to (processed) meat, is soluble in nonpolar solvents, and is present in a quantity that would alter results. This method is expected to perform equally well for all meats with fat content within the stated range of applicability. C1 Ohio Dept Agr, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. Leco Corp, Applicat Lab, St Joseph, MI 49085 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Chandrasekar, R (reprint author), Ohio Dept Agr, 8995 E Main St,Bldg 3, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 2 BP 466 EP 471 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 418PU UT WOS:000167901200021 PM 11324612 ER PT J AU Gray, JT WaKabongo, M Campos, FE Diallo, AA Tyndal, C Tucker, CA AF Gray, JT WaKabongo, M Campos, FE Diallo, AA Tyndal, C Tucker, CA TI Recognition of Yersinia enterocolitica multiple strain infection in twin infants using PCR-based DNA fingerprinting SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; O-3 INFECTIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; CHITTERLINGS; POLYMORPHISMS; CHILDREN; PATIENT AB Aims: Yersinia enterocolitica causes several syndromes in humans. The most common presentation is enterocolitis in children, presenting as fever and diarrhoea. A Y. enterocolitica multiple strain infection in twin infants was investigated. Methods and Results: One isolate was recovered from one patient and two morphologically-different isolates were recovered from the other infant. Biochemically, all isolates were identified as Y. enterocolitica group. The genomic DNA from each strain was purified and DNA fingerprinting was performed. The banding patterns observed for Y. enterocolitica isolates 2 and 3, from patients 1 and 2, respectively, were identical when comparing the presence or absence of major bands. However, Y. enterocolitica isolate 1, from patient 1, showed a distinctive banding pattern from isolates 2 and 3. Conclusions: The findings indicate that one infant was colonized by more than one strain of Y. enterocolitica, demonstrating that multiple strains can colonize and invade a patient. Significance and Impact of the Study: Recognition of multiple strain infections can be important in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of Y. enterocolitica infections, as well as in disease epidemiology. The technique described here offers a straightforward method for strain comparison. C1 USDA ARS, ARRU, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Osteopath Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Des Moines, IA USA. Childrens & Kings Daughters Hosp, Norfolk, VA USA. Dept Publ Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. Des Moines Gen Hosp, Des Moines, IA USA. RP Gray, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, ARRU, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 90 IS 3 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01252.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 415CC UT WOS:000167702100008 PM 11298230 ER PT J AU Smith, DP AF Smith, DP TI Defects of pre- and post-deboned broiler breast SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boneless breast meat; bones; front half defects ID BROKEN BONES AB To assess processing defects and bones in breast meat at one commercial broiler processing and deboning plant (utilizing both manual and semi-automatic deboning methods), 12 months of inspection data were collected and analyzed to determine the incidence and categories of front half defects prior to deboning; the incidence and categories of bones remaining in boneless fillets (Pectoralis major) and tenders (Pectoralis minor); and the effect of deboning method on incidence and categories of bones in fillets. From 248 processing shifts, 34,402 Front halves were inspected. A total of 52,561 defects were recorded and were, in order broken ribs, broken clavicles, broken keels, missing wings, lungs remaining, feathers remaining, and mangled. All of these defects, except missing wings, varied significantly by the month of the year. After deboning, 300,299 lb of fillets were inspected, with 379 total bones found, including, in order: clavicles, fan bones (laterodorsal sternal process), ribs, and scapulas. Also after deboning, 186,310 lb of tenders were inspected with 428 total bones found, including, in order: clavicles, fragments, and fan bones. During 42 shifts, fillets were inspected separately between the manual and semi-automatic deboning methods; no significant difference was detected between incidence and categories of bones found. In this study front halves averaged 1.5 defects each (mostly broken bones); the predominant bone found in boneless meat was the clavicle; and deboning method had no effect on bone incidence for fillets. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 430HJ UT WOS:000168568200006 ER PT J AU Li, YC Ledoux, DR Veum, TL Raboy, V Zyla, K Wikiera, A AF Li, YC Ledoux, DR Veum, TL Raboy, V Zyla, K Wikiera, A TI Bioavailability of phosphorus in low phytic acid barley SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; phosphorus; low phytic acid; barley; broiler ID CORN AB A study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of P in a low phytic acid mutant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.; MB) containing the lpa 1-1 allele and a near-isogenic wild-type hybrid barley (NB). By analysis, the MB contained 0.21% non-phytate P (nP) and 0.35% total P (tP), whereas NB contained 0.11% nP and 0.35% tP. Non-phytate P was considered to be available to poultry. Reagent grade KH2PO4 was used as a standard source to determine relative availability. The experimental design consisted of 10 dietary treatments fed to six replicate pens of six chicks each. Dietary treatments included a low available P (aP) basal diet (0.20% aP; 1.0% Ca; Diet 1) supplemented with 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12% P from reagent-grade KH2PO4 (Diets 2, 3, and 4, respectively), MB (Diets 5, 6, and 7, respectively), and NB (Diets 8, 9, and 10, respectively). Diets were fed ad libitum for 14 d. Feed intake was not affected (P > 0.10) by source or level of P. Body weight gain was not influenced (P > 0.05) by P level, but was affected (P < 0.05) by P source. Feed conversion was influenced (P < 0.05) by both P source and level. Based on non-linear regression analysis (assuming KH2PO4 = 100%) and using percentage toe ash as the response variable, bioavailability of P was determined to be 49.3 17% for MB and 28.0 +/- 15% for NB. Based on the results of toe ash, P in MB was 1.8 times more available to chicks than P in NB. These results compare favorably with analyzed nP values, which indicated that MB contains 1.9 times as much nP as NB (0.21 vs. 0.11%). C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grain Germplasm Res Facil, Idaho Falls, ID 83210 USA. Univ Agr, Krakow, Poland. RP Ledoux, DR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 430HJ UT WOS:000168568200014 ER PT J AU Bader, JA Shotts, EB AF Bader, JA Shotts, EB TI Phylogeny of Flavobacterium and Flexibacter: Response to comment SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bader, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 71 EP 72 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0071:POFAFR>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 434WG UT WOS:000168838400011 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM AF Peterson, DM TI Oat antioxidants SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE oat; antioxidant; phytonutrients ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; PHYTIC ACID CONCENTRATION; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; BOUND PHENOLIC-ACIDS; SATIVA L. EXTRACTS; F SP AVENAE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; COTTONSEED OILS; HUMAN HEALTH; CROWN RUST AB Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a source of many compounds that exhibit antioxidant activity. Vitamin E (tocols), phytic acid, phenolic compounds: and avenanthramides are the most abundant antioxidants in oar, and flavonoids and sterols are also present. These antioxidants are concentrated in the outer layers of the kernel. Several in vitro tests have been used to evaluate antioxidant activity of oat extracts. A few examples show that an oat-containing diet boosted the antioxidant capacity of serum or meat in animals. Avenanthramides may be a plant defense response. as these compounds are induced in oat leaves by rust spores or elicitors. Antioxidants function in helping to maintain the stability of processed oat products, and oat can stabilise oils and fats against rancidity. Possible future research should be aimed at increasing antioxidants by plant breeding and through a nutritional genomics approach. Additionally, Me need to acquire knowledge about the bioavailability and function of antioxidants in human and animal systems. Methods for fractionation of oat to produce antioxidant co-products along with other high-value components should also be studied. C1 USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 98 TC 188 Z9 215 U1 3 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 2 BP 115 EP 129 DI 10.1006/jcrs.2000.0349 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 411LG UT WOS:000167501100001 ER PT J AU Duff, CM Gries, G Mori, K Shirai, Y Seki, M Takikawa, H Sheng, T Slessor, KN Gries, R Maier, CT Ferguson, DC AF Duff, CM Gries, G Mori, K Shirai, Y Seki, M Takikawa, H Sheng, T Slessor, KN Gries, R Maier, CT Ferguson, DC TI Does pheromone biology of Lambdina athasaria and L-pellucidaria contribute to their reproductive isolation? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geomenidae; 7-methylheptadecane; 7,11-dimethylhepadecane; pheromone chirality; diel periodicity of pheromonal communication; seasonality of flight; reproductive isolating mechanisms; synonomy ID SPRING HEMLOCK LOOPER; PITCH PINE LOOPER; WALKER LEPIDOPTERA; COMPONENTS; GEOMETRIDAE AB Recently, 7-methylheptadecane and 7,11-dimethylheptadecane have been reported as sex pheromone components of both spring hemlock looper (SHL), Lambdina athasaria, and pitch pine looper (PPL), Lambdina pellucidaria. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that SHL and PPL are reproductively isolated, in part, through species specificity in: (1) absolute configuration of pheromone components, (2) diel periodicity of pheromonal communication, and/or (3) seasonal flight period. In coupled pas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of stereoselectively synthesized (7S)- and (7R)-7-methylheptadecane [7S; 7R] as well as (7S,11S)-, (7R,11R)-, and (meso-7,11)-7,11-dimethylheptadecane [7S,11S; 7R,11R, meso-7,11], only 7S and mese-7,11 elicited responses by male SHL and PPL antennae. In field experiments, male SHL and PPL were attracted only to lures containing 7S plus meso-7,11. In hourly recordings of trap-captured males, SHL and PPL in their respective habitats were trapped between 24:00 and 03:00 hr. Capture of both SHL and PPL in pheromone-baited traps throughout June indicated overlapping seasonal Eight periods. These findings of identical absolute configuration of pheromoal components, diel periodicity of pheromonal communication, and overlap of seasonal flight periods support synonymy of SHL and PPL. Finite taxonomic classification of PPL and SHL must await careful assessment of further criteria. such as morphometrics, molecular comparisons and ecological analyses. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Environm Biol, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Environm Biol, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1023/A:1010324519127 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 446LA UT WOS:000169513700002 PM 11441437 ER PT J AU de Echaide, ST Knowles, DP McGuire, TC Palmer, GH Suarez, CE McElwain, TF AF de Echaide, ST Knowles, DP McGuire, TC Palmer, GH Suarez, CE McElwain, TF TI Detection of cattle naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale in a region of endemicity by nested PCR and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5 (vol 36, pg 777, 1998) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 EEA Rafaela, Inst Nacl Technol Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP de Echaide, ST (reprint author), EEA Rafaela, Inst Nacl Technol Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1207 EP 1207 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 408FY UT WOS:000167316900074 ER PT J AU Nonnecke, BJ Roberts, MP Godkin, JP Horst, RL Hammell, DC Franklin, ST AF Nonnecke, BJ Roberts, MP Godkin, JP Horst, RL Hammell, DC Franklin, ST TI Influence of supplemental, dietary vitamin A on retinol-binding protein concentrations in the plasma of preruminant calves SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE preruminant calf; vitamin A; retinol-binding protein ID ACID; ASSAY; SERUM AB Transport of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) from retinoid stores in the liver to target tissues is accomplished exclusively by a specific plasma protein, retinol-binding protein. Within individuals, retinol-binding protein concentrations in plasma are regulated and remain constant except in extremes of vitamin A nutriture or in disease. In the present study, retinol-binding protein concentrations in plasma from preruminant calves supplemented with 0, 1700 (i.e., current NRC requirement), 34,000, or 68,000 IU of vitamin A daily from birth to 27 d of age (n = 6/treatment) were quantified. Retinol-binding protein concentrations at birth averaged 21 mug/ml (n = 24) or approximately 50% of concentrations in dairy heifers and cows. plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein concentrations were correlated positively, corroborating the role of vitamin A nutriture in the regulation of retinol-binding protein secretion from the liver. In this regard; dietary vitamin A influenced positively retinol and retinol-binding protein concentrations and, as a consequence, the degree of saturation of retinol-binding protein with retinol. At 27 d of age, calves fed greater than or equal to 34,000 IU of vitamin A had substantially higher retinol and retinol-binding protein concentrations than did calves fed less than or equal to 1700 IU of vitamin A, indicating that dietary vitamin A effects positively vitamin A status. The data also suggest that the current NRC requirement may not be sufficient to assure vitamin A adequacy in preruminant calves. Percent saturation of retionol-binding protein with retinol in all calves was <35%, much lower than anticipated and suggests that the retinol requirement of vitamin A-responsive tissues exceeded vitamin A availability. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Nonnecke, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 84 IS 3 BP 641 EP 648 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 414ET UT WOS:000167653600014 PM 11286418 ER PT J AU Dimitri, C AF Dimitri, C TI American agriculture and the problem of monopoly: The political economy of grain belt farming, 1953-1980. SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Dimitri, C (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0022-0507 J9 J ECON HIST JI J. Econ. Hist. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 61 IS 1 BP 226 EP 227 DI 10.1017/S0022050701443178 PG 2 WC Economics; History; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; History; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 414TJ UT WOS:000167682000034 ER PT J AU McDowell, RW Sharpley, AN AF McDowell, RW Sharpley, AN TI Approximating phosphorus release from soils to surface runoff and subsurface drainage SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE SORPTION; DESORPTION-KINETICS; ELOVICH EQUATION; IONIC-STRENGTH; LOSSES; MANAGEMENT AB Phosphorus application in excess of crop needs has increased the concentration of P in surface soil and runoff and led many states to develop P-based nutrient management strategies. However, insufficient data are available relating P in surface soil, surface runoff, and subsurface drainage to develop sound guidelines. Thus, we investigated P release from the surface (0-5 cm depth) of a Denbigh silt loam from Devon, U.K. (30-160 mg kg(-1) Olsen P) and Alvin, Perks, Calvin, and Watson soils from Pennsylvania (10-763 mg kg(-1) Mehlich-3 P) in relation to the concentration of P in surface runoff and subsurface drainage. A change point, where the slopes of two linear relationships between water- or CaCl2-extractable soil P and soil test phosphorus (STP) (Olsen or Mehlich-3) meet, was evident for the Denbigh at 33 to 36 mg kg(-1) Olsen P, and the Alvin and Berks soils at 185 to 190 mg Mehlich-3 P kg-l. Similar change points were also observed when STP was related to the P concentration of surface runoff (185 mg kg(-1)) and subsurface drainage (193 mg kg(-1)). The use of water and CaCl2 extraction of surface soil is suggested to estimate surface runoff P (r(2) of 0.92 for UK and 0.86 for PA soils) and subsurface drainage P (r(2) of 0.82 for UK and 0.88 for PA soils), and to determine a change point in STP, which may be used in support of agricultural and environmental P management. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sharpley, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd,Bldg 3702, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 51 TC 288 Z9 333 U1 13 U2 89 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 508 EP 520 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445JY UT WOS:000169455400026 PM 11285912 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Stout, WL Fales, SL Fox, RH AF Jabro, JD Stout, WL Fales, SL Fox, RH TI SOIL-SOILN simulations of water drainage and nitrate nitrogen transport from soil core lysimeters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; MODEL; GROUNDWATER; FERTILIZER; DYNAMICS AB Water resources protection from nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) contamination is an important public concern and a major national environmental issue. The abilities of the SOIL-SOILN model to simulate water drainage and nitrate N fluxes from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were evaluated using data from a 3-yr field experiment. The soil is classified as a Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludalf). Nitrate losses below the l-m depth from N-fertilized grazed orchardgrass were measured with intact soil core lysimeters. Five N-fertilizer treatments consisted of a control, urine application in the spring, urine application in the summer, urine application in the fall, and feces application in the summer. The SOIL-SOILN models were evaluated using water drainage and nitrate flux data for 1993-1994, 1994-1995, and 1995-1996. The N rate constants from a similar experiment with inorganic fertilizer and manure treatments under corn (Zea mays L.) were used to evaluate the SOILN model under orchardgrass sod. Results indicated that the SOIL model accurately simulated water drainage for all three years. The SOILN model adequately predicted nitrate losses for three urine treatments in each year and a control treatment in 1994-1995. However, it failed to produce accurate simulations for two control treatments in 1993-1994 and 1995-1996, and feces treatments in all three years. The inaccuracy in the simulation results for the control and feces treatments seems to be related to an inadequate modeling of N transformation processes. In general, the results demonstrate the potential of the SOILN model to predict NO3-N fluxes under pasture conditions using N transformation rate constants determined through the calibration process from corn fields on similar soils. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 584 EP 589 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445JY UT WOS:000169455400034 PM 11285920 ER PT J AU Lowrance, R Hubbard, RK AF Lowrance, R Hubbard, RK TI Denitrification from a swine lagoon overland flow treatment system at a pasture-riparian zone interface SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID DAIRY MANURE; NITROUS-OXIDE; CATTLE SLURRY; WASTE-WATER; SOIL; NITRATE; NITRIFICATION; FERTILIZER; QUALITY; RUNOFF AB In manure disposal systems, denitrification is a major pathway for N loss and to reduce N transport to surface and ground water. We measured denitrification and the changes in soil N pools in a liquid manure disposal system at the interface of a pasture and a riparian forest. Liquid swine manure was applied weekly at two rates (approximately 800 and 1600 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) to triplicate plots of overland now treatment systems with three different vegetation treatments. Denitrification (acetylene block technique on intact cores) and soil N pools were determined bimonthly for 3 yr. The higher rate of manure application had higher denitrification rates and higher sail nitrate. Depth 1 soil (0-6 cm) had higher denitrification, nitrate, and ammonium than depth 2 soil (6-12 cm). The vegetation treatment consisting of 20 m of grass and 10 m of forest had lower denitrification. Denitrification did not vary significantly with position in the plot (7, 14, 21, and 28 m downslope), but nitrate decreased in the downslope direction while ammonium increased downslope. Denitrification ranged from 4 to 12% of total from N applied in the manure. Denitrification rates were similar to those from a nearby dairy manure irrigation site, but were generally a lower percent of N applied, especially at the high swine effluent rate. Denitrification rates for these soils range from 40 to 200 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) for the top 12 cm of soil treated with typical liquid manure that is high in ammonium and low in nitrate. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Lowrance, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 617 EP 624 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445JY UT WOS:000169455400039 PM 11285925 ER PT J AU Zahn, JA DiSpirito, AA Do, YS Brooks, BE Cooper, EE Hatfield, JL AF Zahn, JA DiSpirito, AA Do, YS Brooks, BE Cooper, EE Hatfield, JL TI Correlation of human olfactory responses to airborne concentrations of malodorous volatile organic compounds emitted from swine effluent SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOPHYSICAL LAW; ODOR; IDENTIFICATION; EMISSIONS; AMMONIA; WASTES; MANURE AB Direct multicomponent analysis of malodorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in ambient air samples from 29 swine (Susscrofa) production facilities was used to develop a 19-component artificial swine odor solution that simulated olfactory properties of swine effluent. Analyses employing either a human panel consisting of 14 subjects or gas chromatography were performed on the air stream from an emission chamber to assess human olfactory responses or odorant concentration, respectively. Analysis of the olfactory responses using Fisher's LSD statistics showed that the subjects were sensitive to changes in air concentration of the VOC standard across dilutions differing by approximately 16%. The effect of chemical synergisms and antagonisms on human olfactory response magnitudes was assessed by altering the individual concentration of nine compounds in artificial swine odor over a twofold concentration range while maintaining the other 18 components at a constant concentration. A synergistic olfactory response was observed when the air concentration of acetic acid was increased relative to the concentration of other VOC odorants in the standard. An antagonistic olfactory response was observed when the air concentration of 4-ethyl phenol was increased relative to the other VOC odorants in the standard. The collective odorant responses for nine major VOCs associated with swine odor were used to develop an olfactory prediction model to estimate human odor response magnitudes to swine manure odorants through measured air concentrations of indicator VOCs. The results of this study show that direct multicomponent analysis of VOCs emitted from swine effluent can be applied toward estimating perceived odor intensity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Psychol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zahn, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM zahn@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 109 Z9 119 U1 7 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 624 EP 634 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445JY UT WOS:000169455400040 PM 11285926 ER PT J AU Zahn, JA Hatfield, JL Laird, DA Hart, TT Do, YS DiSpirito, AA AF Zahn, JA Hatfield, JL Laird, DA Hart, TT Do, YS DiSpirito, AA TI Functional classification of swine manure management systems based on effluent and gas emission characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ODOR; AMMONIA; METHANE; IDENTIFICATION; WASTES; SOIL AB Gaseous emissions from swine(Susscrofa) manure storage systems represent a concern to air quality due to the potential effects of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane, and volatile organic compounds on environmental quality and human health. The lack of knowledge concerning functional aspects of swine manure management systems has been a major obstacle in the development and optimization of emission abatement technologies for these point sources. In this study, a classification system based on gas emission characteristics and effluent concentrations of total phosphorus (P) and total sulfur (8) was devised and tested on 29 swine manure management systems in Iowa, Oklahoma, and North Carolina in an effort to elucidate functional characteristics of these systems. Four swine manure management system classes were identified that differed in effluent concentrations of P and S, methane (CH(4)) emission rate, odor intensity, and air concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Odor intensity and the concentration of VOCs in air emitted from swine manure management systems were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.88). The concentration of VOC in air samples was highest with outdoor swine manure management systems that received a high input of volatile solids (Type 2). These systems were also shown to have the highest odor intensity levels. The emission rate for VOCs and the odor intensity associated with swine manure management systems were inversely correlated with CH(4) and ammonia (NH(3)) emission rates. The emission rates of CH(4), NH(3), and VOCs were found to be dependent upon manure loading rate and were indirectly influenced by animal numbers. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zahn, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM zahn@nsric.ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 60 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 635 EP 647 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445JY UT WOS:000169455400041 PM 11285927 ER PT J AU Augustine, PC AF Augustine, PC TI Invasion of different cell types by sporozoites of Eimeria species and effects of monoclonal antibody 1209-C2 on invasion of cells by sporozoites of several apicomplexan parasites SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apicomplexan sporozoites; avian Eimeria; cell culture; inhibition of invasion; monoclonal antibody; refractile bodies ID AVIAN EIMERIA; TENELLA AB Sporozoites of avian Eimeria in species differed markedly in their ability to invade cells in vitro. Invasion by E. tenella and E. adenoeides was significantly greater in baby hamster kidney (BHK) and chicken cecal cell (CC) cultures than in primary chicken (PCK) or turkey kidney (PTK) cell cultures. Moreover, invasion of BHK cell cultures by E. adenoeides was significantly greater than that of other Eimeria species, and invasion by E. acervulina sporozoites was significantly lower. Monoclonal antibody 1209-C2 (MAb 1209-C2) reacted by immunofluorescent labeling (IFA) with refractile bodies of sporozoites of 5 species of Eimeria and Caryospora bigenetica, but not with sporozoites of Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia hammondi, or Cryptosporidium parvum, which have no refractile bodies. The MAb also cross-reacted with formalin-fixed BHK, CC, turkey cecal (TC) cells, and PTK. Pretreatment of BHK cells with MAb 1209-C2 significantly reduced invasion of the cells by sporozoites of E. tenella. E. acervulina, E. meleagrimitis, and C. bigenetica, but did nor alter invasion by T. gondii, C. parvum, or H. hammondia. Apparently, reactivity of MAB 1209-C2 with the sporozoites was required for inhibition of invasion despite the fact that thr inhibition resulted from pre-treatment of the host cell. Conversely, although MAb 1209-C2 also reacted moderately with PTK and TC cells, pre-treatment of these cell cultures with the MAb did not inhibit invasion by either MAB 1209-C2-reactive or -nonreactive parasites. Collectively, the data indicated that refractile body antigens of sporozoites of Eimeria and Caryospora, which are recognized by MAb 1209-C2, may function in cellular invasion, but also suggest that cellular invasion is probably not mediated by interactions between the conserved epitopes in sporozoites and cultured host cells that are recognized by the MAb. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Augustine, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 2 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00300.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 420HY UT WOS:000168000600005 PM 12095105 ER PT J AU Castelo, MM Kang, DH Siragusa, GR Koohmaraie, M Berry, ED AF Castelo, MM Kang, DH Siragusa, GR Koohmaraie, M Berry, ED TI Evaluation of combination treatment processes for the microbial decontamination of pork trim SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LACTIC-ACID; HOT-WATER; TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE; GROUND-BEEF; CARCASS DECONTAMINATION; SPOILAGE BACTERIA; ORGANIC-ACIDS; REDUCTION; PATHOGENS AB Combination treatment processes for the microbial decontamination of pork trim were developed and evaluated. Lean pork trim tissue (LPT) and fat-covered pork trim tissue (FPT) inoculated with swine feces were treated with intervention processes as follows: (i) control (untreated), (ii) water (15 degreesC, 120 s), (iii) water followed by lactic acid wash (15 degreesC, 75 s), (iv) combination 1 (water plus hot water [65.5 degreesC, 15 s] plus hot air [510 degreesC, 60 s] plus lactic acid), (v) combination 2 (water plus hot water [82.2 degreesC, 15 s] plus hot air [510 degreesC, 75 s] plus lactic acid), and (vi) combination 3 (water plus hot water [82.2 degreesC, 45 s] plus hot air [510 degreesC, 90 s] plus lactic acid). Populations of aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria were determined before and after treatment and at days 2 and 7 of 4 degreesC storage. Regardless of the intervention treatment, lower microbial populations were observed on FPT than on LPT immediately after treatment and during the 7-day storage period. Both LPT and FPT treated with water plus lactic acid, combination i, combination 2, and combination 3 had lower remaining populations of all microbial groups immediately after treatment than did water-treated samples, Populations of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, E. coli, and lactic acid bacteria on either LPT or FPT did not statistically increase during the 7-day storage period. On LPT, populations of psychrotrophic bacteria grew during 4 degreesC storage but remained lower at day 7 on LPT treated by combinations 2 and 3 (2.29 and 1.89 log(10) CFU/cm(2), respectively) than on LPT treated with water (4.07 log(10) CFU/cm(2)) or water plus lactic acid (3.52 log(10) CFU/cm(2)). Populations of psychrotrophic bacteria remained below detectable levels throughout the 7-day storage on FPT treated with water plus lactic acid or any of the three combination treatments. Treatment of pork trim with any of the combination treatments significantly (P < 0.05) affected the color and emulsion stability of the ground pork. Water and water plus lactic acid were the most favorable treatments in reducing microbial populations on pork trim without affecting the quality attributes of the ground pork. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Berry, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 BP 335 EP 342 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 408LC UT WOS:000167326800009 PM 11252476 ER PT J AU Brown, RL Chen, ZY Menkir, A Cleveland, TE Cardwell, K Kling, J White, DG AF Brown, RL Chen, ZY Menkir, A Cleveland, TE Cardwell, K Kling, J White, DG TI Resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in kernels of maize inbreds selected for ear rot resistance in West and Central Africa SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CORN GENOTYPES RESISTANT; COLI BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES; ATOXIGENIC STRAINS; CONTAMINATION; GERMINATION; COTTONSEED; PROTEINS AB Thirty-six inbred hues selected in West and Central Africa for moderate to high resistance to maize ear rot under conditions of severe natural infection were screened for resistance to aflatoxin contamination using the previously established kernel screening assay. Results showed that more than half the inbreds accumulated aflatoxins at levels as low as or lower than the resistant U.S. Lines GT-MAS:gk or M182. In 10 selected aflatoxin-resistant or aflatoxin-susceptible inbreds, Aspergillus flavus growth, which was quantified using an A. flavus transformant containing a GUS-B-tubulin reporter gene construct, was, in general, positively related to aflatoxin accumulation. However, one aflatoxin-resistant inbred supported a relatively high level of fungal infection, whereas two susceptibles supported relatively low fungal infection. When kernels of the 10 tested lines were profiled for proteins using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, significant variations from protein profiles of U.S. lines were observed. Confirmation of resistance in promising African lines in held trials may significantly broaden the resistant germplasm base available for managing aflatoxin contamination through breeding approaches. Biochemical resistance markers different from those being identified and characterized in U.S. genotypes, such as ones inhibitory to aflatoxin biosynthesis rather than to fungal infection, may also be identified in African lines. These discoveries could significantly enhance the host resistance strategy of pyramiding different traits into agronomically useful maize germplasm to control aflatoxin contamination. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 BP 396 EP 400 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 408LC UT WOS:000167326800020 PM 11252487 ER PT J AU Brown, RL Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE Cotty, PJ Cary, JW AF Brown, RL Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE Cotty, PJ Cary, JW TI Variation in in vitro alpha-amylase and protease activity is related to the virulence of Aspergillus flavus isolates SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COTTON BOLLS; CELL-WALLS; POLYGALACTURONASE; PECTINASES; SPREAD AB Variation in the ability of Aspergillus flavus isolates to spread between cotton boil locules was previously shown to be at least partially related to variation in the production of a specific polygalacturonase (pectinase P2C). To determine if non-pectolytic hydrolase differences between low- and high-virulence isolates exist and, thus, could also potentially contribute to virulence differences, the present investigation was undertaken. Two A. flavus isolates, AF12 with low virulence and lacking pectinase P2C and AF13 with high virulence and producing pectinase P2C, were compared for production of nonpectolytic hydrolases after growth in 10% potato dextrose broth. Activity of amylases, cellulases, xylanases, and proteases was quantified using the radial diffusion/cup plate technique followed by differential staining. Culture filtrates also were subjected to native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both isolates produced amylases, proteases, and xylanases, whereas cellulases were not detected for either. AF13 produced more amylase than AF12, and this difference was supported by amylase isoform differences between isolates on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. AF13 also produced more protease than AF12; however, isoform differences between isolates were inconclusive. These variations in other hydrolytic activities (besides pectinases) may contribute to virulence differences in cotton bells between AF12 and AF13. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 408LC UT WOS:000167326800021 PM 11252488 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Gix, RD Coureau, C AF Drake, SR Gix, RD Coureau, C TI Quality of 'Anjou' pears after different types of controlled atmosphere storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB 'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis, L) were subjected to seven different controlled atmosphere (CA) storage practices and stored at 1C, for 90, 150 or 210 days plus 30 days at regular air atmosphere (RA). CA storage treatment conserved pear qualities to a certain extent regardless of storage treatment Establishment of CA conditions (2% O-2 and <1 % CO2) on warm pears (20C), prior to cooling, resulted in reduced firmness, finish and color and increased amount of scald, shrivel and physiological disorders. Pears held in CA storage (2% O-2 and <1 % CO2) for 90 days and an additional 30 days in RA storage maintained good quality. When held for longer storage periods, firmness, finish and color decreased, and scald, shrivel and physiological disorders increased. C1 ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2001.tb00588.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 417YA UT WOS:000167862000003 ER PT J AU Fan, X Mattheis, JP AF Fan, X Mattheis, JP TI Inhibition of oxidative and antioxidative enzymes by trans-resveratrol SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trans-resveratrol; superoxide dismutase; lipoxygenase; catalase; peroxidase; polyphenol oxidase; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase ID HIGHER-PLANTS; LIPOXYGENASES AB Trans-resveratrol, a phytoalexin produced by a variety of plants, has been shown to inhibit oxidative enzymes in an animal cell system. Its effect on several oxidative and antioxidative enzymes from plants was investigated using in vitro assays. Trans-resveratrol inhibited superoxide dismutase, lipoxygenase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase with apparent K-1's of 10, 90, 100, 255, 305, and 350 muM, respectively. Trans-resveratrol inhibited lipoxygenase activity more effectively than other lipoxygenase inhibitors, including propyl gallate, ibuprofen, ursolic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, and salicylhydroxamic acid. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 66 IS 2 BP 200 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11316.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 435KG UT WOS:000168880200003 ER PT J AU Ju, ZY Hettiarachchy, NS Rath, N AF Ju, ZY Hettiarachchy, NS Rath, N TI Extraction, denaturation and hydrophobic properties of rice flour proteins SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rice proteins; extraction; denaturation; hydrophobicity ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; GLOBULINS; ORYZENIN; GELATION AB Rice proteins were extracted from defatted rice flour. Turbidity measurement of supernatants revealed isoelectric points of albumin (pH 4.1), globulin (pH 4.3 and pH 7.9), and glutelin (pH 4.8), at which they were precipitated with 82.3 to 93.2% recovery efficiency. Prolamin did not aggregate and precipitate upon pH adjustment, but was precipitated by acetone. Denaturation temperatures (73.3, 78.9, and 82.2 degreesC) as well as enthalpy values (2.88, 3.14, and 3.79 J/g), of albumin, globulin, and glutelin were different. Prolamin did not show any thermographic denaturation peak. Heat-denaturation of globulin and glutelin resulted in progressive increases in their surface hydrophobicities, Measurement of surface hydrophobicity would be an effective parameter to evaluate rice protein denaturation. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Hettiarachchy, NS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. NR 22 TC 97 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 31 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 66 IS 2 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11322.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 435KG UT WOS:000168880200009 ER PT J AU Sapers, GM Miller, RL Pilizota, V Mattrazzo, AM AF Sapers, GM Miller, RL Pilizota, V Mattrazzo, AM TI Antimicrobial treatments for minimally processed cantaloupe melon SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; minimally processed; fresh-cut; sanitizers; shelf-life; hydrogen peroxide ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HONEYDEW MELONS; GROWTH; SALMONELLA; SURVIVAL; DISINFECTION; ATMOSPHERE; WATERMELON; APPLES AB Efficacy of decontamination treatments in reducing endogenous microbial populations on cantaloupe and in extending fresh-cut shelf-life were investigated. Composite rind plug samples were washed with water or solutions of sodium hypochlorite, H2O2, commercial detergent formulations containing dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and phosphoric acid, or trisodium phosphate, and surviving microbial populations determined. Fresh-cut cubes were prepared aseptically from whole melons given similar treatments, and their visual appearance and bacterial population determined during storage at 4 degreesC, Population reductions on washed rind plugs were < 1 log with water, 1 to 2 logs with washing and sanitizing agents applied individually, and 3 logs with some sequential treatments with H2O2. H2O2 applied at 50 C was superior to other whole-melon treatments, yielding a fresh-cut shelf-life of > 2 weeks. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. JJ Strossmayer Univ, Osijek, Croatia. RP Sapers, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 21 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 66 IS 2 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11344.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 435KG UT WOS:000168880200032 ER PT J AU Sapers, GM Miller, RL Pilizota, V Kamp, F AF Sapers, GM Miller, RL Pilizota, V Kamp, F TI Shelf-life extension of fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) by application of hydrogen peroxide and browning inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mushrooms; washing; hydrogen peroxide; browning inhibitors; shelf life ID PSEUDOMONAS-TOLAASII; VAPOR AB An experimental washing process for fresh mushrooms entailing immersion In 5% H2O2, followed by application of a sodium erythorbate-based browning inhibitor, was optimized, scaled up, and made continuous. The laboratory process described previously was modified by adding a pre-wash step using 0.5% to 1% H2O2, increasing the wash solution H2O2 concentration from 3% to 5%, and substituting 4% sodium erythorbate + 0.1% NaCl for the more complex browning inhibitor formulation used previously. A continuous, commercial-scale washing facility was built to test the new process. Mushrooms washed by this process were free of adhering soil, less subject to brown blotch than conventionally washed mushrooms, and at least as resistant to enzymatic browning as unwashed mushrooms during storage at 4 degreesC. Storage at 10 degreesC accelerated development of brown blotch and browning. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ JJ Strossmayer, ERRC, Osijek, Croatia. Country Fresh Mushroom Co, Avondale, PA USA. RP Sapers, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 20 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 66 IS 2 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11347.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 435KG UT WOS:000168880200035 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ Noble, MH Sisinni, SM Dwyer, JF AF Nowak, DJ Noble, MH Sisinni, SM Dwyer, JF TI People & trees - Assessing the US urban forest resource SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE inventory; urban forestry ID TIMBER AB Urban areas in the conterminous United States doubled in size between 1969 and 1994, and currently cover 3.5 percent of the total land area and contain more than 75 percent of the US population. Urban areas contain approximately 3.8 billion trees with an average tree canopy cover of 27 percent. The extent and variation of urban forests across the 48 states are explored to help build a better understanding of this significant national resource. Urbanization and urban forests are likely to be a significant focus of forestry in the 21 st century. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Groundwater Qual Bur, New Mexico Environm Dept, Santa Fe, NM USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 19 TC 84 Z9 104 U1 7 U2 37 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 99 IS 3 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418PH UT WOS:000167900200010 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH AF Greenberg, CH TI Spatio-temporal dynamics of pond use and recruitment in Florida gopher frogs (Rana capito aesopus) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHOSIS AB This study examines spatio-temporal dynamics of Florida gopher frog (Rana capito aesopus) breeding and juvenile recruitment Ponds were situated within a hardwood-invaded or a savanna-like longleaf pine-wireglass upland matrix. Movement (N = 1444) was monitored using intermittent drift fences with pitfall and funnel traps at eight isolated, ephemeral ponds February 1994 to January 1999. Adult pond use was low but relatively constant among years and did not differ between habitat matrices. Juvenile recruitment was significantly higher in the savanna-like upland matrix. The number of adults using ponds was positively correlated with the number of next-year's recruits in only one year. Recruitment rates were relatively low (maximum 175 captured/pond/yr% but juveniles were produced from most ponds in three of five years. Recruitment was negligible in 1994 because of ponds drying and in 1997 for unknown reasons; Juvenile body size differed significantly among years and ponds. Body size was negatively correlated with the number of juveniles exiting ponds in only one year, suggesting that intraspecific competition is only one of many factors affecting juvenile body size. Most emigration by metamorphic juveniles occurred May through August and was unrelated to rainfall. Dates of first emergence and length of emigration periods varied. A high proportion of juveniles with tailbuds and similar tailbud lengths in most months suggest that metamorphosis occurred throughout the emigration period. High variability in juvenile recruitment success and significant differences in body size among years and ponds suggests that each is influenced by factors at both a landscape (e.g, rainfall and pond hydrology) and within-pond scale (e.g, competition and predation). C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest,1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.2307/1566026 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 413BE UT WOS:000167589400011 ER PT J AU Rundio, DE Olson, DH AF Rundio, DE Olson, DH TI Palatability of southern torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton variegatus) larvae to Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) larvae SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSE; DANGEROUS PREY; GARTER SNAKES; PREDATION; COMMUNITY; COMPETITION; RESISTANCE; SAVANNA; FISH C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rundio, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.2307/1566036 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 413BE UT WOS:000167589400021 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Schaap, MG Abbaspour, KC AF Johnson, CA Schaap, MG Abbaspour, KC TI Model comparison of flow through a municipal solid waste incinerator ash landfill SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE landfill; hydrology; model; leachate; drainage; preferential flow; discharge; neural network ID AFFECTING LEACHATE COMPOSITION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER; SWITZERLAND; LOSTORF; SOILS AB The drainage discharge of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash landfill was simulated using various modelling approaches. Two functional models including a neural networks approach and a hydrological linear storage model, and two mechanistic models requiring physical/hydrodynamic properties of the waste material, HYDRUS5 and MACRO (Version 4.0) were used. The models were calibrated using an 8-month data set from 1996 and validated on a 3-month data set from winter 1994/1995. The data sets comprised hourly values of rainfall, evaporation (estimated from the Penman-Monteith relationship), drainage discharge and electrical conductivity. Predicted and measured discharges were compared. The discharge predicted by the functional models more exactly followed the discharge patterns of the measured data but, particularly the linear storage model, could not cope with the non-linearity of the system that was caused by seasonal changes in water content of the MSWI bottom ash. The lit of the neural networks model to the data improved with increasing prior information but was less smooth than the measured data. The mechanistic model that included preferential discharge, MACRO, better modelled the discharge characteristics when inversely applied, indicating that preferential flow does occur in this system. However, even the inverse application of HYDRUS5 could not describe the system discharge as well as the linear storage model. All model approaches would have benefited from a more exact knowledge of initial water content. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. US Salin Lab, USDA ARS, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, CH-8592 Schlieren, Switzerland. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 243 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00404-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 407CZ UT WOS:000167255000005 ER PT J AU Predel, R Nachman, RJ AF Predel, R Nachman, RJ TI Efficacy of native FXPRLamides (pyrokinins) and synthetic analogs on visceral muscles of the American cockroach SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Periplaneta americana; insect; neuropeptide; cockroach; FXPRLamide ID BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; RETROCEREBRAL COMPLEX; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PEPTIDES; DIAPAUSE AB Six pyrokinins, members of a widely distributed neuropeptide family in insects (FXPRLamides), have been identified from the American cockroach. Five of these peptides, Pea-PK-1-5, were tested in different myotropic bioassays, including hyperneural muscle, hindgut, foregut and oviduct. Among these muscles, the hyperneural muscle exhibited the highest sensitivity to pyrokinin applications. The efficacy of the different pyrokinins differed dramatically. No muscle specific effectiveness was obtained; the ranking order in all muscle assays was as follows: PK-1>PK-4>PK-3>PK-2>PK-5. Testing of synthetic analogs revealed the importance of the amino acid at the variable -4, position of the C-terminus. PK-5, the only one of the five rested peptides which is stored in abdominal perisympathetic organs, has probably no myotropic function at all. This is further evidence that these neurohemal release sites are not necessary to compensate the open circulatory system of insects but have rather specific functions which are totally unknown as yet. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Jena, Inst Allgemeine Zool & Tierphysiol, D-07743 Jena, Germany. USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Predel, R (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Allgemeine Zool & Tierphysiol, Erbertstr 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 47 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(00)00113-X PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 403ZP UT WOS:000167073200008 ER PT J AU Freedman, VL Lopes, VL Hernandez, M AF Freedman, VL Lopes, VL Hernandez, M TI Parameter identifiability for three sediment entrainment equations SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS AB A process-based erosion model is used to study parameterization problems of sediment entrainment equations in overland flow areas. One of the equations for entrainment by flow is developed based on a theory of excess stream power, while the other two relate to excess hydraulic shear. The investigation is conducted in two steps. The first step examines parameter optimization for simulated data sets where the parameter values are known. In the second step, parameter optimization for the most robust equation is examined using experimental data from rainfall simulator plots. Results demonstrate that although the model is capable of estimating total sediment yields with relatively small errors in parameter estimates, the converse is true when the optimization is performed for sediment concentrations. Although sediment yields calculated from simulated sediment concentrations match well with observed data, the parameter estimates generally underestimate sediment concentrations on the rising limb of the sediment graphs, and they overestimate them on the falling limb. This difficulty might be related to structural problems in the model, and unique solutions for parameter estimates cannot be obtained. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Freedman, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, POB 999,MSIN K9-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 2 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2001)127:2(92) PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 415HG UT WOS:000167714900005 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ George, JE Guerrero, F Carpenter, L Welch, JB AF Miller, RJ George, JE Guerrero, F Carpenter, L Welch, JB TI Characterization of acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Acari : Ixodidae) collected from the Corozal Army Veterinary Quarantine Center, Panama SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown dog tick; kennel tick; permethrin; coumaphos; fipronil; amitraz AB Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) were collected from the Corozal Army Veterinary Quarantine Center in Panama and characterized for resistance to live classes of acaricides. These ticks were highly resistant to permethrin, DDT, and coumaphos; moderately resistant to amitraz; and not resistant to fipronil when compared with susceptible strains. Resistance to both permethrin and DDT may result from a mutation of the sodium channel. However, synergist studies indicate that enzyme activity is involved. The LC50 estimate for permethrin was lowered further in the Panamanian strain then in susceptible strains with the addition of triphenylphosphate (TPP), but not with the addition of piperonyl butoxide (PBO). This suggests that esterases and not oxidases are responsible for at least some pyrethroid resistance. Elevated esterase activity and its inhibition by TPP were confirmed by native gel electrophoresis. The LC50 estimate obtained for coumaphos in the Panamanian strain was not lowered further than what was observed for susceptible strains by the addition of TPP or PBO. This indicates that enzyme activity might not be involved in coumaphos resistance. Resistance to amitraz was measured through a modification of the Food and Agriculture Organization Larval Packet Test. All tick strains were found to Le susceptible to fipronil. C1 ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol Control Ctr, 19950 7th Ave NE,Suite 201, Poulsbo, WA 98370 USA. NR 11 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.298 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 414CV UT WOS:000167649100027 PM 11296838 ER PT J AU Song, KD Han, JY Minz, W Lillehoj, HS Kim, SW Kim, JK AF Song, KD Han, JY Minz, W Lillehoj, HS Kim, SW Kim, JK TI Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions from four chicken monoclonal antibodies specific to surface antigens of intestinal parasite, Eimeria acervulina SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eimeria acervulina; chicken monoclonal antibody; gene conversion; antibody engineering; complementarity; determining regions; somatic hypermutation ID SPOROZOITES; TENELLA; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; PSEUDOGENES; MEROZOITES; TRANSPORT AB We have developed four chicken hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to induce a protective immune response against the chicken disease avian coccidiosis, caused by the intestinal parasite Eimeria acervulina. However, since the amount of antibodies secreted from these hybridomas is too low or sometimes they lost their ability to produce antibodies, the hybridoma method is not satisfactory in the production of large amounts of chicken monoclonal antibodies. To bypass these problems, we applied the antibody engineering technology using polymerase chain reaction. We cloned and determined the sequences of variable domains of the four chicken monoclonal antibodies, namely, 2-1, 5D11, 13C8 and 8C3. The sequences comparison to germline sequences showed that the gene conversion mechanism might contribute to developing diversification of heavy and lambda -light chains in chicken antibodies. Several pseudogene families regarded as donors in gene conversion were identified at each framework region and the complementarity determining region of lambda -light chains. In addition, as expected, numerous changes of nucleotide sequences such as nucleotide substitution, insertion and deletion were found predominantly in complementarity determining regions, which are likely to be somatic hypermutations as a result of affinity maturation in antibody-producing cells. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. ARS, Systemic Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Changwon Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Microbiol, Changwon 641773, South Korea. OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICROBIOLOGY SOC KOREA PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER 803, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-8873 J9 J MICROBIOL JI J. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 416RR UT WOS:000167794400008 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, JB TI Inhibition of glucose and dehydroascorbic acid uptakes by resveratrol in human transformed myelocytic cells SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORTER; GLUT1; ACCUMULATION; FLAVONOIDS; U937 AB Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural phytochemical found in grapes and wine. Numerous biological effects of resveratrol have been reported in the last 10 years. In this paper, the competitive inhibition of intracellular uptake of glucose and dehydroascorbic acid in U937 and HL-60 cells by resveratrol is reported. C1 USDA ARS, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Phytonutr Lab, Bldg 307,Room 313, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1021/np000411t PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 415MP UT WOS:000167725600026 PM 11277764 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Petersen, Y Stoll, B Sangild, P AF Burrin, DG Petersen, Y Stoll, B Sangild, P TI Glucagon-like peptide 2: A nutrient-responsive gut growth factor SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cell proliferation; apoptosis; gut hormone; enteral nutrition; neonate ID INTESTINAL GROWTH; ABSORPTIVE FUNCTION; MUCOSAL MASS; IN-VIVO; GLP-2; RAT; GENE; EXPRESSION; ENTEROGLUCAGON; PROLIFERATION AB Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from the tissue-specific, post-translational processing of the proglucagon gene expressed in the intestinal enteroendocrine L-cell. The primary stimulus for GLP-2 secretion is nutrient intake, and involves direct luminal stimulation of the L-cell as well as indirect enteroendocrine and neural mechanisms. The biological activity of GLP-2 in circulation is regulated by the proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminus by dipeptidylpeptidase IV. Several studies have shown that GLP-2 has specific trophic effects on the small and large intestine, which are mediated by stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis and proteolysis. GLP-2 also has been shown to suppress gastric motility and acid secretion, increase hexose transport activity and suppress food intake, specifically when infused centrally. The actions of GLP-2 are mediated by a G-protein-linked, membrane receptor (GLP-2R) that is localized largely to the gastrointestinal tract, but also is found in the brain. The secretion of GLP-2 and expression of the GLP-2R are present in the late gestation fetus. However, the developing intestine does not become responsive to the trophic effect of GLP-2 until after birth. Based on its efficacy in preventing atrophy and stimulating growth in the neonatal gut, GLP-2 may be a promising therapeutic adjuvant for treatment of infants with compromised gut function. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Div Anim Nutr, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD33920] NR 40 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 131 IS 3 BP 709 EP 712 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 409VB UT WOS:000167405400002 PM 11238747 ER PT J AU van Goudoever, JB Stoll, B Hartmann, B Holst, JJ Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG AF van Goudoever, JB Stoll, B Hartmann, B Holst, JJ Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG TI Secretion of trophic gut peptides is not different in bolus- and continuously fed piglets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE intestinal growth; bolus feeding; continuous feeding; glucagon-like peptide-2; peptide YY; gastric inhibitory polypeptide ID GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-2; DEPENDENT INSULINOTROPIC PEPTIDE; INTESTINAL GROWTH; RELEASE; HORMONE; YY; ENTEROGLUCAGON; NUTRIENTS; INFANTS; BIOLOGY AB In neonates, bolus feeding is associated with greater rates of intestinal growth than is continuous feeding. We tested whether the concentrations and secretion rates of trophic gut peptides are higher in bolus-fed than in continuously fed piglets. Five 21-d-old piglets were surgically implanted with gastric, arterial and portal catheters and a portal blood flow probe. At postnatal d 30 and 31, pigs received an equal amount of primed continuous or bolus feeding of a cow's milk formula in a randomized, crossover design. During a 6-h period, portal blood flow and arterial and portal concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), peptide YY (PYY) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were measured. All hormone levels were significantly increased within 1 h of the start of the experiment, independent of the feeding modality. There were no differences between bolus and continuous feeding in either the arterial concentrations or secretion rates of GLP-2, PW and GIP. In both treatment groups, the increases in the plasma concentrations of GLP-2 and GIP after feeding were substantially greater than those for PW. We conclude that the production or circulating concentrations of GLP-2, PYY and GIP are not significantly different in bolus- and primed continuously fed piglets. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Med Physiol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-33920] NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 131 IS 3 BP 729 EP 732 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 409VB UT WOS:000167405400006 PM 11238751 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA TI Chronic pulmonary insufficiency in children and its effects on growth and development SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting CY APR 14-18, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE prematurity; nutritional supplementation; bronchopulmonary dysplasia ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE; BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; INFANTS; NUTRITION; AGE; FAILURE AB Conditions leading to chronic pulmonary insufficiency can affect infants and children. These can lead to growth failure and delayed development. Among the most common and severe of these are bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cystic fibrosis, In addition to the respiratory consequences of these diseases, there is ample evidence that they lead to decreased growth as a result of decreased energy intake and increased energy expenditure. Furthermore, there is evidence that infants with BPD may also have delayed development, independent of the effects of their prematurity. Enhancing the long-term outlook for these conditions may therefore require consideration of both improved pulmonary management and aggressive nutritional management to limit growth failure and potentially enhance developmental outcome. Specific micronutrient supplementation, such as antioxidant therapy, may also enhance pulmonary and nutritional status. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 131 IS 3 BP 938S EP 941S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 409VB UT WOS:000167405400044 PM 11238790 ER PT J AU Nestor, B McKenzie, J Hasan, N AbuSabha, R Achterberg, C AF Nestor, B McKenzie, J Hasan, N AbuSabha, R Achterberg, C TI Client satisfaction with the nutrition education component of the California WIC program SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Past evaluation research has documented improved nutritional outcomes resulting from participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). However, these evaluations have not examined the program from the clients' perspective, nor have they examined the independent effect of the nutrition education component. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively examine client satisfaction with the nutrition education component of the California WIC program. The methodology consisted of two phases. During phase I of the study (the quantitative component), participants completed Client Satisfaction Surveys immediately following attendance of one nutrition class. During phase II (the qualitative component), four focus groups were conducted. All subjects were participants in the California WIC program. Client Satisfaction Surveys were completed by 2138 participants, and the focus groups included 29 participants. Results from both phases of the study indicated that client satisfaction with the nutrition education component of the California WIC program was high. Between 80% and 95% of participants responded positively to five satisfaction questions, and focus group participants unanimously agreed that the nutrition education was an essential component of the program. Hispanic participants were more likely than non-Hispanic Caucasians, Asians, or African Americans to respond positively to three of the five satisfaction questions. For two of the questions, the frequency of positive responses increased as age increased and decreased as education level increased. A small segment of clients reported some dissatisfaction by responding negatively to one or more of the satisfaction questions (4% to 20% of respondents). Some suggestions for improvement were made by survey respondents. Identification of some WIC participants who are not completely satisfied with the nutrition education that they have received, paired with differences in satisfaction across demographic variables, suggests the need for a personalized approach to WIC nutrition education. C1 Penn State Univ, Schreyer Honors Coll 10, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Food & Nutr Serv, USDA, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Achterberg, C (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Schreyer Honors Coll 10, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0022-3182 J9 J NUTR EDUC JI J. Nutr. Educ. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 2 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60171-1 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420JD UT WOS:000168001100005 PM 12031188 ER PT J AU Vu, JCV Gesch, RW Pennanen, AH Allen, LH Boote, KJ Bowes, G AF Vu, JCV Gesch, RW Pennanen, AH Allen, LH Boote, KJ Bowes, G TI Soybean photosynthesis, Rubisco and carbohydrate enzymes function at supraoptimal temperatures in elevated CO2 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate metabolism; CO2 enrichment; Glycine max; high temperature; rbcS transcript; Rubisco; soybean ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GENE-EXPRESSION; HIGHER-PLANTS; RICE RESPONSES; LEAVES; ACCLIMATION; ENRICHMENT AB Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Bragg) was grown season-long in eight sunlit. controlled-environment chambers at two daytime [CO2] of 350 (ambient) and 700 (elevated) mu mol mol(-1). Dry bulb day/night maximum/minimum air temperatures, which followed a continuously and diurnally varying. near sine-wave control set point that operated between maximum (daytime, at 1500 EST) and minimum (nighttime, at 0700 EST) values, were controlled at 28/18 and 40/30 degreesC for the ambient-CO2 plants, and at 28/18, 32/22, 36/26, 40/30, 44/34 and 48/38 degreesC for the elevated-CO2 plants. The objective was to assess the upper threshold tolerance of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism with increasing temperatures at elevated [CO2], as it is predicted that air temperatures could rise as much as 4-6 degreesC within the 21st century with a doubling of atmospheric [CO2]. Leaf photosynthesis measured at growth [CO2] and temperature was greater for elevated-CO2 plants and was highest at 32/22 degreesC, but markedly declined at temperatures above 40/30 degreesC. Growth temperatures from 28/18 to 40/30 degreesC had little effect on midday total activity and protein content of Rubisco, while higher temperatures substantially reduced them. Conversely, midday Rubisco rbcS transcript abundance declined with increasing temperatures from 28/18 to 48/38 degreesC. Elevated-CO2 plants exceeded the ambient-CO2 plants in most aspects of carbohydrate metabolism. Under elevated [Co-2], midday activities of ADPG pyrophosphorylase and sucrose-P synthase and invertase paralleled net increases in starch and sucrose contents, respectively. They were highest at 36/26-40/30 degreesC, but declined at higher or lower growth temperatures. Thus, in the absence of other climatic stresses. soybean photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism would perform well under rising atmospheric [CO2] and temperature predicted for the 21st century. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Plant Biol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Vu, JCV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, 2183 McCarty Hall A, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 54 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 26 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 158 IS 3 BP 295 EP 307 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-00290 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 416JV UT WOS:000167777900003 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Widholm, JM Portis, AR AF Zhang, XH Widholm, JM Portis, AR TI Photosynthetic properties of two different soybean suspension cultures SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE embryogenic tissues; nuclear genome; photoautotrophic cell line (SB-1); photosynthesis; plastid genome; soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] ID NICOTIANA-TABACUM CELLS; PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC GROWTH; HIGHER-PLANTS; PLASTID DNA; GENOME SIZE; REPLICATION; RESISTANCE; MATURITY; PROTEIN; SYSTEM AB The photosynthetic properties of two commonly used suspension cultured lines, embryogenic and photoautotrophic (PA, SB-l line) cells of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were characterized. We found that compared to the dark green PA cells, the light green embryogenic cells contained fewer and smaller plastids with less-developed thylakoid membranes. The embryogenic cells also contained much lower contents of both chlorophyll and the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) protein, an undetectable level of Rubisco small subunit protein, and a Very low rate of photosynthesis. While the DNA contents of the nuclear genomes were similar in these two types of cultured cells, the embryogenic cells possessed a markedly lower content of plastid DNA. The 18-year-old PA suspension culture, SB-1, continues to evolve with higher Rubisco and plastid DNA contents than leaves, and with small decreases in nuclear DNA content that appears to mimic changes in chromosome numbers. These findings may prove useful in the application of plastid transformation, particularly when non-leaf or non-green tissues must be used as targets for transformation and plant regeneration. C1 USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Zhang, Xing-hai/0000-0001-9261-4242 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 158 IS 3 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-00233 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 416JV UT WOS:000167777900008 ER PT J AU Young, JA Clements, CD AF Young, JA Clements, CD TI Range research: The second generation SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE herding technology; range text; wildfires; salting; wildfires AB The decade of the 1920s was somewhat of a paradox for range science. A. W. Sampson published 3 books that were widely used as text for higher education classes in range management, The United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service expanded their mandate to manage grazing on National Forest and began to apply the principles of plant ecology and physiology that were being enumerated by range scientists, At the same time millions of acres of public domain outside the National Forest remained as free range and continued to decline in productivity, Progress was made in applying animal behavior technology to improve the uniformity of range forage utilization. This was especially apparent in regard to sheep and goats which were herded on rangelands. The management tools utilized were herding techniques, salt distribution and water developments. Restoration of range productivity and the place of wildfires in range ecosystems remained very controversial subjects. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.2307/4003170 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 410YZ UT WOS:000167469800003 ER PT J AU Clark, PE Seyfried, MS Harris, B AF Clark, PE Seyfried, MS Harris, B TI Intermountain plant community classification using Landsat TM and SPOT HRV data SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cover type; maximum likelihood; multispectral; rangeland; remote sensing; satellite imagery; supervised classification; vegetation ID HILL COUNTRY; REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; RANGELANDS; WAVEBANDS; RADIANCE; INDEXES; AERIAL AB Rangeland plant communities of the Intermountain West differ in their ecology and management requirements. Successful management of extensive areas at plant community-level resolution first requires an efficient, cost-effective means of plant community classification and mapping. We evaluated the influence of image acquisition date and satellite imaging system on the accuracy of plant community maps created from multispectral satellite imagery of Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) (234 km(2)) in southwestern Idaho. Maps delineating 6 native and 2 non-native Intermountain plant communities were created from Landsat 5 TM and SPOT 3 HRV data using a maximum likelihood classification procedure, Map accuracy was assessed using ground reference points, Maps created from satellite data acquired during dry-down (early August) had higher overall accuracy ((x) over bar = 70.5%) than from data acquired during peak growth (early June) ((x) over bar = 54.4%), Overall accuracy of maps generated by Landsat ((x) over bar = 60.1%) and SPOT ((x) over bar = 65.5%) were statistically similar, Given their broad spatial coverages (3,600 to 31,450 km(2) scene(-1), respectively), moderate resolutions (20 to 30 m pixels, respectively), and potential to provide high classification accuracies, the SPOT 3 HRV and Landsat 5 TM satellite systems were well-suited for classifying plant communities in the Reynolds Creek Watershed and similar areas of the Intermountain West. Practical procedures for plant community classification and map accuracy assessment are presented for use by natural resource managers. C1 USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Univ Idaho, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 Park Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 2 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.2307/4003176 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 410YZ UT WOS:000167469800009 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Allen, FL Young, JA AF Blank, RR Allen, FL Young, JA TI Technical Note: Physical and chemical comparisons between microphytic and non-microphytic soil seedbeds SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ammonium; eolian dust; micronutrients; nitrate; particle size distribution ID NEGEV DESERT; CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; NATIONAL-PARK; WIND EROSION; DUST; USA; NEVADA; ISRAEL; BASIN; SANDY AB In arid and semi-arid climates, the physical and chemical nature of the soil seedbed greatly effects success or failure of plant recruitment. We hypothesized that the presence or absence of microphytic soil crusts may influence the character of soil seedbeds. To test this hypothesis, we compared chemical and physical attributes of the soil seedbed (0-6 cm) between adjacent areas of well-expressed microphytic soil crusts and non-microphytic soil surfaces for 2 sites on granitic alluvial fans in northwestern Nevada. As compared with non-microphytic areas, microphytic soil seedbeds were finer-textured and contained more DTPA-extractable Mn, Cu, and Zn, Further research should examine in greater detail the role of microphytic soil surfaces in eolian dust entrapment, its relationship to nutrient deposition, and the interaction with seed recruitment. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 2 BP 194 EP 196 DI 10.2307/4003183 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 410YZ UT WOS:000167469800016 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, TE Ottmar, RD Castilla, C AF Reinhardt, TE Ottmar, RD Castilla, C TI Smoke impacts from agricultural burning in a rural Brazilian town SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Agricultural and silvicultural biomass burning is practiced in many undeveloped portions of the Amazon basin. In Rondonia, Brazil, such burning is restricted to a brief period in the dry season of August and September to minimize the duration of air quality impacts and to attempt to control escaped fires. During this period, much of the region and the communities within it experience significant exposure to smoke from agricultural and forest fires. In cooperation with Brazilian scientists of the University of Brasilia, the Brazilian Organization for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA), and the Alternative to Slash and Burn Program coordinated by the International Center for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), ambient air quality was measured in Theobroma, a small town in Rondonia, during one week of the open burning period of 1995 to supplement available air quality data and to foster public awareness of the impacts of widespread fires. Personal sampling equipment was used to measure ambient levels of formaldehyde (HCHO), acrolein, CO, benzene, and respirable PM in outdoor air. The data obtained were compared with established Brazilian and U.S. ambient air quality guidelines. Ambient levels of respirable PM averaged 191 mug/m(3), HCHO averaged 12.8 ppb, CO averaged 4.2 ppm, and benzene averaged 3.2 ppb. Almost all acrolein samples were less than the detection limit of 1 ppb. The results showed that the public can be exposed to relatively high levels of pollutants under the prescribed burning smoke management strategy of a two-to three-week prescription burning period, although this is an improvement over past years when burning was unregulated and continued through most of the dry season. The results also demonstrate the feasibility of using personal exposure monitoring equipment for low-cost surveys of ambient air quality in polluted regions. C1 URS Corp, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Pacifico, Programa Agron Trop Humedo, Buenaventura, Colombia. RP Reinhardt, TE (reprint author), URS Corp, 1501 4th Ave,Suite 1500, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 11 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 51 IS 3 BP 443 EP 450 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 411WD UT WOS:000167521500015 PM 11266107 ER PT J AU Woteki, CE AF Woteki, CE TI Dietitians can prevent listeriosis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Woteki, CE (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 101 IS 3 BP 285 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00071-2 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MU UT WOS:000170312000003 PM 11269602 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Hertzler, AA Miller, SM AF Wu, YP Hertzler, AA Miller, SM TI Vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron content of federally funded preschool lunches in Virginia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILD; NUTRITION C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Human Resources & Educ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Food & Nutr Serv, Charleston, WV USA. RP Hertzler, AA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Human Resources & Educ, 223 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 101 IS 3 BP 348 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00090-6 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MU UT WOS:000170312000018 PM 11269617 ER PT J AU Marmer, WN AF Marmer, WN TI Overview of the USDA Hides and Leather Research Program SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 17-21, 2000 CL WHEELING, WEST VIRGINIA SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; CHROME SHAVINGS; PILOT-SCALE; WASTE; CAKE AB At the USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC) near Philadelphia, a unique Federal program exists to add value to animal hides. ARS research, Congressionally funded, must be broad, regional or national, and long-range in scope. Our hides and leather research is formally conducted under three projects, each linked to ARS National Program #306 (New Uses, Quality, and Marketability of Plant and Animal Products). Pretanning research addresses novel unhairing technology and the substitution of hazardous acids by urea sulfate. In tanning research, fundamental investigations, including molecular modeling of collagen, are conducted on the mechanism of chrome tanning, while biotechnology is invoked to induce natural crosslinking and to produce composites. A leather drying model is under development, and acoustic emission is the basis for developing nondestructive test methods. Other work probes for any linkage between noncollagenous materials and ultimate leather quality, and also the effect on leather quality of genetic or hormonal alterations to livestock. ERRC houses a very unique and recently upgraded facility, a fully operational tannery, staffed by a professional tanner. Our research program undergoes a review and critique by the ALCA Research Liaison Committee every May; this affords the program a fresh understanding of industry priorities and in turn a constant focus on program relevance. The hides and leather program actively is engaged in cooperative research with industrial, governmental, and academic institutions, nationally and internationally. The public is invited to review our programs by examining our website, http://www.arserrc.gov/hlw/. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Marmer, WN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 96 IS 3 BP 88 EP 93 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 596CX UT WOS:000178147500002 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, JF TI Revised list of abbreviations for genera and subgenera of Culicidae (diptera) and notes on generic and subgeneric changes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culicidae; genera; subgenera; abbreviations ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GENUS AEDES; CLASSIFICATION; WYEOMYIA; AEDINI; RANK AB Recent generic and subgeneric changes in family Culicidae are summarized and a revised and updated list of abbreviations for the currently recognized 39 genera and 135 subgenera of the family is provided. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 29 TC 85 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA RUTGERS UNIV, J B SMITH HALL, 176 JONES AVE, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08901-9998 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428XB UT WOS:000168486000009 PM 11345419 ER PT J AU Harry-O'kuru, RE Isbell, TA Weisleder, D AF Harry-O'kuru, RE Isbell, TA Weisleder, D TI Synthesis of estolide esters from cis-9-octadecenoic acid estolides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol; 2,2-dimethyl-propan-1-ol; 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propyl diester; esterification; neopentyl ester; cis-9-octadecenioc acid (oleic acid); cis-9-octadecen-1-ol; oleic estolide; oleyl ester; 1,5-pentanediol; 1,5-pentyl diester; perchloric acid; phosphoric acid; 1,3-propanediol; 2-propanol; 1,3-propyl diester; 2-propyl ester; sulfuric acid ID MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; CATALYZED CONDENSATION; OLEIC-ACID AB Oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) was converted in excellent yield to the estolide, which was then esterified with 2,2-dimethypropan-1-ol (neopentyl alcohol), cis-9-octadecen-1-ol (oleyl alcohol), and 2-propanol to generate the corresponding estolide esters. Higher-formula mass estolide esters were synthesized by reaction of the parent estolide with 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol to give the corresponding diesters of oleic estolide, thus doubling the molecular size of the parent estolide. Pour points and viscosities were determined in order to evaluate these products for possible industrial application. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Analyt Chem Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'kuru, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Analyt Chem Serv, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0248-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 413WY UT WOS:000167635600001 ER PT J AU Lee, KT Foglia, TA AF Lee, KT Foglia, TA TI Fractionation of menhaden oil and partially hydrogenated menhaden oil: Characterization of triacylglycerol fractions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dry fractionation; DSC; menhaden oil; partially hydrogenated menhaden oil; reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; solvent crystallization AB Menhaden oil (MO) and partially hydrogenated menhaden oil (PHMO) were dry-fractionated and solvent-fractionated from acetone. After conversion to fatty acid methyl esters, the compositional distribution of saturated, monounsaturated, trans, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PU FA) in the isolated fractions was determined by gas chromatography. Acetone fractionation of MO at -38 degreesC significantly increased the n-3 PUFA content in the liquid fractions over that of starting MO (P < 0.05). For PHMO, liquid fractions obtained by low-temperature crystallization (-38, -18, and 0C) from acetone showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content over that of the starting PHMO. For selected MUFA-enriched fractions, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate, isolate, and characterize the major triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species present. Thermal crystallization patterns for these fractions also were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that under the appropriate conditions it is possible to dry-fractionate or solvent-fractionate MO and PHMO into various solid and liquid fractions that are enriched in either saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, or the n-3 classes of fatty acids. Moreover, characterization of these TAG fractions by reversed-phase HPLC gives insight into the compositional nature of the TAG that are concentrated into the various fractions produced by these fractionation processes. Finally, the DSC crystallization patterns for the fractions in conjunction with their fatty acid compositional data allow for the optimization of the fractionation schemes developed in this study. This information allows for the production of specific TAG fractions from MO and PHMO that are potentially useful as functional lipid products. C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Foglia, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tfoglia@arserrc.gov NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0260-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 413WY UT WOS:000167635600013 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM Puterka, GJ Drake, SR Unruh, TR Knight, AL Baherle, P Prado, E Baugher, TA AF Glenn, DM Puterka, GJ Drake, SR Unruh, TR Knight, AL Baherle, P Prado, E Baugher, TA TI Particle film application influences apple leaf physiology, fruit yield, and fruit quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris var. domestica; heat stress; carbon assimilation; canopy minus air temperature; fruit quality ID DUST AB Particle film technology is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Trials were performed in Santiago, Chile, and York Springs, Pa., Wenatchee and Yakima, Wash., and Kearneysville, W. Va., to evaluate the effect of particle treatments on apple [Malus sylvestris (L,) Mill. var, domestica CBorkh) Manst.] leaf physiology, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Leaf carbon assimilation was increased and canopy temperatures were reduced by particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. Yield and/or fruit weight was increased by the particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. In Santiago and Kearneysville, a* values of the fruit surface were more positive in all trials although a* values were not increased in Wenatchee and Yakima, Results indicate that particle film technology is an effective tool in reducing heat stress in apple trees that may result in increased yield potential and quality. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Inst Invest Agropecuarias, Ctr Reg Invest, Santiago, Chile. Rice Fruit Co, Gardners, PA 17324 USA. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mglenn@afrs.ars.usda.gov; gputerka@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 126 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 402QB UT WOS:000166998700003 ER PT J AU Cantini, C Iezzoni, AF Lamboy, WF Boritzki, M Struss, D AF Cantini, C Iezzoni, AF Lamboy, WF Boritzki, M Struss, D TI DNA fingerprinting of tetraploid cherry germplasm using simple sequence repeats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microsatellites; Prunus cerasus; P. fruticosa ID MICROSATELLITE REPEATS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SWEET CHERRY; SOUR CHERRY; MARKERS; PRUNUS; AMPLIFICATION; PEACH; POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) tetraploid cherry (Prunus L. sp.) collection at Geneva, N.Y., contains approximate to 75 accessions of sour cherry (P. cerasus L.), ground cherry (P. fruticosa Pall.), and their hybrids. Accurate and unambiguous identification of these accessions is essential for germplasm preservation and use, Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are currently the markers of choice for germplasm fingerprinting because they characteristically display high levels of polymorphism. Recently SSR primer pairs from sweet cherry (P. avium L.), sour cherry, and peach [(P. persica L, Batsch Peach Group)] have been reported. Ten SSR primer pairs were tested on 59 tetraploid cherry accessions to determine if they could differentiate among the accessions. Scorable SSR fragments were produced with all primer-accession combinations. The cherry accessions exhibited high levels of polymorphism with 4 to 16 different putative alleles amplified per primer pair. Most of the putative alleles were rare with frequencies <0.05. Heterozygosity values ranged from 0.679 to 1.00, while gene diversity values ranged from 0.655 to 0.906. The primer pairs differentiated all but two of the 59 cherry accessions. Based upon the ability of the SSR data to differentiate the cherry accessions and the high level of gene diversity, we propose that all the tetraploid cherry accessions in the USDA/ARS collection be fingerprinted to provide a mechanism to verify the identity of the individual accessions. The fingerprinting data are available on the World Wide Web (http://www.ars-grin.gov/gen/cherry.html) so that other curators and scientists working with cherry can verify identities and novel types in their collections and contribute to a global database. C1 Inst Propagaz Specie Legnose, I-50018 Scandicci, Italy. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cantini, C (reprint author), Inst Propagaz Specie Legnose, Via Ponte Formicola, I-50018 Scandicci, Italy. NR 19 TC 131 Z9 148 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 126 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 402QB UT WOS:000166998700008 ER PT J AU Beaver, BV Reed, W Leary, S McKiernan, B Bain, F Schultz, R Bennett, BT Pascoe, P Shull, E Cork, LC Francis-Floyd, R Amass, KD Johnson, R Schmidt, RH Underwood, W Thornton, GW Kohn, B AF Beaver, BV Reed, W Leary, S McKiernan, B Bain, F Schultz, R Bennett, BT Pascoe, P Shull, E Cork, LC Francis-Floyd, R Amass, KD Johnson, R Schmidt, RH Underwood, W Thornton, GW Kohn, B TI 2000 Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EUTHANASIA; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; ANIMAL-WELFARE; STUNNING PRACTICES; SLAUGHTER PLANTS; INDUCE SEDATION; C120 MAGNUM; MONOXIDE; TRAP; RATS C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Amer Humane Educ Soc, Massachusetts Soc Prevent Cruelty Anim, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corp Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Safe Capture Int Inc, Mt Horeb, WI 53572 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32510 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Specialty Consultat Serv, Knoxville, TN 37931 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg & Radiol Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Biol Resources Lab MC533, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Hagyard Davidson McGee Associates PC, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Denver Vet Specialists, Wheat Ridge, CO 80333 USA. Washington Univ, Div Comparat Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Beaver, BV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, 4474 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 211 TC 383 Z9 403 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 218 IS 5 BP 669 EP 696 PG 28 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 406AL UT WOS:000167192700018 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, TJ Rusch, KA AF Pfeiffer, TJ Rusch, KA TI Comparison of three culture methods for the intensive culture of northern quahog seed, Mercenaria mercenaria SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NURSERY SYSTEM; GROWTH; ALGAE; DIETS; CLAM AB A number of approaches have been utilized for growing bivalve hatchery seed (1 mm) to a size suitable for field planting (> 8 mm) but few have been directly compared, This study evaluated the growth and survival of northern quahog seed in three different culture systems and two different stocking densities. The three systems were: 1) a stacked-tray unit with downward water flow; 2) traditional upweller culture units with water Rowing upward without seed bed expansion; and 3) upweller culture units with water flowing upward at fluidization velocities to provide seed bed expansion. The two stocking densities were 1.0 and 3.0 g whole wet weight clam/cm(2) respectively, During each trial period the seed clams were fed a 1% daily ration (% dry weight algae per wet weight clam per day) of the cultured diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. After 14 d of culture at the 1.0 g whole wet weight/cm(2) stocking density, seed clams (4.4 +/- 0.6 mm initial shell length) under fluidized-flow condition exhibited better growth (0.54/d), and a greater final shell length (5.9 +/- 1.0 mm), At the high density stocking conditions, after 28 d of culture, seed clams (4.2 +/- 0.6 mm initial shell length) in the fluidized-flow culture conditions again exhibited better growth rate (0.031/d) and a greater final shelf length (6.0 +/- 1.0 mm), The preliminary evaluation of fluidized-flow for seed clam culture in land-based nurseries indicates its potential as a suitable alternative to raceway, downwelling, or traditional forced-how culture methods. C1 Univ Georgia, Marine Extens Serv, Shellfish Acuaculture Lab, Savannah, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pfeiffer, TJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, 1200 N Univ Dr,Mail Slot 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00917.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 415LR UT WOS:000167723500002 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR AF Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR TI Evaluation of bioelectric impedance to predict carcass yield, carcass composition, and fillet composition in farm-raised catfish SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FAT-FREE MASS; LAMBS; CUTS AB Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) was evaluated as a method for predicting carcass yield, fat, and moisture in live channel catfish. Ictalurus punctatus (N = 20). and fat and moisture in fillets from channel catfish (N = 20) and channel catfish female X blue catfish malt. I. furcatus, hybrids (N = 20). Fish were cultured in ponds. fed a commercial catfish diet (28% protein). and harvested at market weight (450 g-900 g, similar to 19 months post-hatch). Live channel catfish were tranquilized. weighed, and sexed. Resistance and reactance were measured with a four-terminal impedance analyzer. Fish were then deheaded. eviscerated. weighed. and carcass yield was calculated. Fillets from channel catfish and channel catfish X blue catfish hybrids were measured for weight. resistance. and reactance. Carcasses and fillets were ground and fat and moisture were determined by chemical analysis. Regression models including total weight, resistance, and reactance as independent variables explained 71%. 75%, and 65% of the variation in carcass yield. fat. and moisture. respectively. in live fish. Regression models with fillet weight, resistance, and reactance as independent variables explained 62% and 41% of the variation in tiller fat and moisture. respectively, in channel catfish. and 53% and 58% of the variation in fillet fat and moisture, respectively. in channel catfish X blue catfish hybrids. Models including resistance and reactance explained significantly more variation in the traits measured than did models containing only whole weight as an independent variable. Improvements in prediction accuracy will be needed to make BIA a useful tool for predicting carcass yield, carcass composition. and fillet composition in farm-raised catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00924.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 415LR UT WOS:000167723500009 ER PT J AU Zimba, PV Grimm, CC Dionigi, CP Weirich, CR AF Zimba, PV Grimm, CC Dionigi, CP Weirich, CR TI Phytoplankton community structure, biomass, and off-flavor: Pond size relationships in Louisiana catfish ponds SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; PIGMENTS; GEOSMIN C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Aquaculture Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00927.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 415LR UT WOS:000167723500012 ER PT J AU Harmon, BG Kelley, LC AF Harmon, BG Kelley, LC TI Immunohistochemistry of ultimobranchial thyroid carcinomas in seven slaughtered cows and one bull SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID C-CELLS; THYROGLOBULIN; ENTITY; TUMOR AB Eight thyroid gland epithelial tumors were found in 7 cows and 1 bull in a retrospective study of thyroid gland lesions in slaughtered cattle. All tumors were classified as ultimobranchial thyroid carcinomas based on morphology and immunohistochemistry. All tumors consisted of solid sheets and nests of polygonal to oval epithelial cells, with more sparsely dispersed colloid-filled follicles. Connective tissue separating nests of epithelial cells varied from delicate fibrovascular stroma to dense collagenous. stroma. Fusiform epithelial cells with rare neural fibers and ganglion cells were present in 1 tumor. Cells within solid areas of these tumors were immunoreactive for calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuron-specific enolase, and synaptophysin. Colloid and follicle cells were immunoreactive for thyroglobulin. Few follicle cells also were reactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. Neoplastic cells invaded the fibrous capsules in all 8 cattle. These tumors represented proliferation of a mixed population of undifferentiated cells, C cells, and thyroid follicular epithelial cells, presumably derived from the thyroid ultimobranchial bodies. These ultimobranchial carcinomas in slaughtered cattle are comparable to ultimobranchial tumors described in dairy bulls and the intermediate type of thyroid gland carcinomas (mixed thyroid medullary carcinomas) described in human beings. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Div Pathol, Eastern Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Harmon, BG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 458XQ UT WOS:000170221100001 PM 11289203 ER PT J AU Whipple, DL Palmer, MV Slaughter, RE Jones, SL AF Whipple, DL Palmer, MV Slaughter, RE Jones, SL TI Comparison of purified protein derivatives and effect of skin testing on results of a commercial gamma interferon assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID BOVIS-INFECTED CATTLE; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; RESPONSES; BCG AB Purified protein derivatives (PPD) prepared in the USA were compared with those prepared in Australia by a private company (CSL Veterinary) for use with a commercial gamma interferon (gamma -IFN) assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. The effect of skin testing on results of the gamma -IFN assay was determined, and results were compared when blood samples were stimulated with PPD within 2 hours and after 24 hours of sample collection. Twenty cattle that were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis were randomly divided into 3 groups. Cattle in group A were tested with the caudal fold skin test (CFT) on day 0 and the comparative cervical skin test (CCT) on day 7. Cattle in group B were tested with the CFT on day 0 and the CCT on day 63, and group C cattle were not skin tested. Blood samples for the gamma -IFN assay were collected at various times throughout the study period. Optical density (OD) values for the gamma -IFN assay were not significantly different when blood samples were stimulated with US avian PPD and CSL avian PPD. However, OD values were significantly higher for US bovine PPD than for CSL bovine PPD. However, the final interpretation of the gamma -IFN assay was usually the same when using either US or CSL PPD. In addition, OD values for the gamma -IFN assay were significantly higher for blood samples collected after sensitized cattle were skin tested than for samples collected from the same cattle before skin testing or from cattle not skin tested. The OD values for blood samples stimulated within 2 hours of sample collection were significantly higher than for samples stimulated 24 hours after sample collection. However, OD values for all PPD-stimulated samples from sensitized cattle were significantly higher in samples collected 3 days after skin testing and stimulated 24 hours after collection than for samples from the same animals collected before skin testing and stimulated within 2 hours of sample collection. Results of this study indicate that PPD prepared in the USA or Australia can be used to stimulate blood samples for the gamma -IFN assay. Skin testing cattle prior to collection of blood for the gamma -IFN assay boosts production of gamma -IFN by lymphocytes from cattle that have had prior exposure to M. bovis antigens. Use of the gamma -IFN assay in conjunction with skin testing may improve detection of cattle infected with M. bovis. In addition, the increase in production of gamma -IFN after skin testing will permit greater flexibility in conducting the assay because samples can be stimulated after they have been shipped overnight rather than only on the day of sample collection. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. BIOCOR Anim Hlth, Omaha, NE 68134 USA. CSL Vet, Parkville, Vic, Australia. RP Whipple, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 458XQ UT WOS:000170221100004 PM 11289206 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Miller, JM Schmerr, MJ Stack, MJ Chaplin, MJ Cutlip, RC AF Hamir, AN Miller, JM Schmerr, MJ Stack, MJ Chaplin, MJ Cutlip, RC TI Diagnosis of preclinical and subclinical scrapie in a naturally infected sheep flock utilizing currently available postmortem diagnostic techniques SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID PRION PROTEIN; BRAIN-TISSUE; FIXED BRAIN AB Scrapie is a naturally occurring transmissible encephalopathy of sheep and goats, Currently available methods for diagnosis are the presence of characteristic histopathologic changes and detection of an abnormal form of prion protein (PrPres) in the brains of affected animals. This study documents preclinical. and subclinical scrapie, in a flock of 16 sheep utilizing histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot, and electron microscopy (for scrapie-associated fibrils) for confirmation of the disease. Prior to necropsy, none of the sheep showed signs of clinical scrapie. Based on the results of histopathology and positive PrPres tests, 3 ewes were found to have subclinical scrapie. An additional ewe, which did not have histopathologic changes in the brain but was positive by IHC and western blot, was considered a preclinical case of scrapie. None of the sheep had amyloid in the brain stem. C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Vet Labs Agcy, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Chaplin, Melanie/C-7218-2011; Stack, Michael/C-7590-2011 NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 152 EP 154 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 458XQ UT WOS:000170221100009 PM 11289211 ER PT J AU Shamloul, AM Abdallah, NA Madkour, MA Hadidi, A AF Shamloul, AM Abdallah, NA Madkour, MA Hadidi, A TI Sensitive detection of the Egyptian species of sugarcane streak virus by PCR-probe capture hybridization (PCR-ELISA) and its complete nucleotide sequence SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE sugarcane; SSV; mastreviruses; geminivirus; detection; amplification; PCR-ELISA; cDNA probe; cRNA probe; nucleotide sequence ID IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY METHOD; GEMINIVIRUSES; CASSAVA; DNA AB A rapid and sensitive assay for the specific detection of Sugarcane streak virus (SSV) using PCR-probe capture hybridization (PCR-ELISA) was developed. Nucleic acids suitable for PCR were extracted from SSV-infected tissue using organic solvents or Fast DNA kit. SSV cDNA was amplified using viral specific primers and the amplified SSV cDNA (amplicon) was DIG-labelled during the amplification process. The amplicon was then detected in a colorimetric hybridization system by a microtiter plate using a biotinylated cDNA (22 nt), cDNA (789 nt) or cRNA (789 nt) capture probe. This system combines the specificity of molecular hybridization, the ease of the colorimetric protocol, and is 10-100 fold more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoretic analysis in detecting the amplified product. Long cDNA or cRNA capture probe was 2-7 fold more sensitive than the oligo cDNA probe for the detection. Complete nucleotide sequence of SSV from Naga Hammady, Egypt, revealed that SSV-EG is a new species of SSV that shares 66% nucleotide identity with the virus species from Natal, South Africa. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Minist Agr, Agr Genet Engn Res Inst, Giza, Egypt. RP Shamloul, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Vaccine & Therapeut Dev Sect, Oral Infect & Immun Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Abdallah, Naglaa/0000-0002-9290-5944; MADKOUR, LOUTFY/0000-0002-3101-8356 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2001 VL 92 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 401HF UT WOS:000166921600006 PM 11164917 ER PT J AU Konishi, E Fujii, A Mason, PW AF Konishi, E Fujii, A Mason, PW TI Generation and characterization of a mammalian cell line continuously expressing Japanese encephalitis virus subviral particles SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LETHAL JEV INFECTION; PERSISTENT INFECTION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; VACCINE CANDIDATE; CULTURED-CELLS; INSECT CELLS; HUMAN BCL-2; E-PROTEINS; GLYCOPROTEIN; MICE AB We have generated a cell line (F cells) producing a secreted form of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) subviral particle (extracellular particles [EPs]) that contains the JEV envelope glycoprotein (E) and a precursor (prM) of the virion membrane protein (M). The F cells were engineered to synthesize these JEV products from a cDNA encoding a mutated (furin proteinase resistant) form of prM, since stable cell lines expressing E and the authentic form of prM could not be obtained, due tin part) to the cell-fusing ability of EPs containing E and M, Our biochemical alteration of the prM protein was critical for the successful production of EP-producing cell lines. EPs produced by F cells share the biochemical properties of empty viral particles produced by JEV-infected cells, except that the F-cell EPs lack hemagglutinating activity and M, F-cell EPs were recognized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies to E, and EPs were shown to be useful as vaccine candidates in mice and as diagnostic reagents in evaluating human immune responses to JE vaccination. The amounts of E antigen released into the culture fluid of F cells were similar to those found in virion fractions of JEV-infected cell culture fluids or JEV-infected weanling mouse brains (the current source of antigen used to produce human vaccines for JE), Thus, the F-cell line would appear to be a useful source of antigen for JE vaccines and diagnostics. C1 Kobe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Sci, Suma Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6540142, Japan. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Konishi, E (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Sci, Suma Ku, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Kobe, Hyogo 6540142, Japan. NR 40 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 5 BP 2204 EP 2212 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.5.2204-2212.2001 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 400PQ UT WOS:000166881000018 PM 11160724 ER PT J AU Mikota, SK Peddie, L Peddie, J Isaza, R Dunker, F West, G Lindsay, W Larsen, RS Salman, MD Chatterjee, D Payeur, J Whipple, D Thoen, C Davis, DS Sedgwick, C Montali, RJ Ziccardi, M Maslow, J AF Mikota, SK Peddie, L Peddie, J Isaza, R Dunker, F West, G Lindsay, W Larsen, RS Salman, MD Chatterjee, D Payeur, J Whipple, D Thoen, C Davis, DS Sedgwick, C Montali, RJ Ziccardi, M Maslow, J TI Epidemiology and diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE elephant; Elephas maximus; Loxodonta africana; tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculin test ID RESPIRATORY SPECIMENS; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; INFECTION; ANIMALS; COMPLEX; BOVIS; PCR AB The deaths of two Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in August 1996 led the United States Department of Agriculture to require the testing and treatment of elephants for tuberculosis. From August 1996 to September 1999, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was confirmed by culture in 12 of 118 elephants in six herds. Eight diagnoses were made antemortem on the basis of isolation of M. tuberculosis by culture of trunk wash samples', the remainder (including the initial two) were diagnosed postmortem. We present the case histories, epidemiologic characteristics, diagnostic test results, and therapeutic plans from these six herds. The intradermal tuberculin test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology, the blood tuberculosis test, and nucleic acid amplification and culture are compared as methods to diagnose M. tuberculosis infection in elephants. C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Los Angeles Zoo, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ctr Vet Epidemiol & Anim Dis Surveillance Syst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Feld Entertainment, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. San Francisco Zool Gardens, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA 70131 USA. RP Peddie, L (reprint author), 15333 Rains Court, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. NR 44 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 478LW UT WOS:000171348500001 PM 12790389 ER PT J AU Augustine, P Olsen, G Danforth, H Novilla, M AF Augustine, P Olsen, G Danforth, H Novilla, M TI Use of monoclonal antibodies developed against chicken coccidia (Eimeria) to study invasion and development of Eimeria reichenowi in Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Florida sandhill crane; Grus canadensis; coccidia; Eimeria reichenowi; invasion; development; monoclonal antibodies ID DISSEMINATED VISCERAL COCCIDIOSIS AB Eimeria gruis and Eimeria reichenowi are common coccidial parasites of a number of species of cranes. Until recently, little was known about either the site for invasion or the dynamics of early development of the crane coccidia because of the difficulty of identifying sporozoites and early developmental stages of these parasites by conventional staining methods, In the present study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) elicited against Eimeria spp. of chickens and turkeys were found to cross-react with sporozoites and developmental stages of E. reichenowi in the tissues of Florida sandhill cranes (Grits canadensis). With these Mabs. E. reichenowi sporozoites were found in specimens taken at 6 hr postinoculation (PI) from just proximal to Meckel's diverticulum in the jejunum to the ileocecal juncture. Fewer were found in the ceca and rectum and none in the duodenal loop. At 24 hr PI. there were markedly fewer sporozoites and their location had shifted to the duodenum. No stages were seen in intestinal cells at 5 days PI (DPI), but trophozoites had developed in the liver and spleen. At 10 DPI, sexual stages were detected in the intestine from the duodenal loop through Meckel's diverticulum but not in other organs. By 14 DPI, numerous developmental stages were detected in the intestine (ceca and jejunum), liver, and lungs but not in the heart. kidney, or brain. The number, location, and maturity of the stages in the ceca differed markedly from those in the Jejunum. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Greenfield, IN 46104 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Augustine, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 478LW UT WOS:000171348500008 PM 12790396 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Pi-Sunyer, X Kuller, L Lane, MA Ellison, P Prior, JC Shapses, S AF Roberts, SB Pi-Sunyer, X Kuller, L Lane, MA Ellison, P Prior, JC Shapses, S TI Physiologic effects of lowering caloric intake in nonhuman primates and nonobese humans SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Caloric-Restriction-Clinical-Implications-Advisory-Group Meeting CY MAR 08-10, 1999 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Calor Restrict Clin Implicat Advisory Grp ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; TERM DIETARY RESTRICTION; EVERYDAY EATING BEHAVIOR; LACTATING GAMBIAN WOMEN; HEALTHY-YOUNG WOMEN; HIP FRACTURE RISK; LEAN TISSUE MASS; AGE 50 YEARS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; WEIGHT CHANGE AB Caloric restriction (CR) reduces the rate of aging and increases life span in all small animal species studied to date, but the effects of CR in humans remain uncertain. This review summarizes current knowledge of the effects of CR in nonhuman primates and humans. The results suggest that CR has a range of beneficial effects in nonhuman primates studied under laboratory conditions, and short-term markers of CR seen in animal models appear to occur in humans subject to CR also. However, the overall benefit of CR in human populations remains to be established, and studies in human populations are needed. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 83 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 56 SI SI BP 66 EP 75 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 422KX UT WOS:000168118000007 PM 12088214 ER PT J AU Bennetzen, J Buckler, E Chandler, V Doebley, J Dorweiler, J Gaut, B Freeling, M Hake, S Kellogg, E Poethig, RS Walbot, V Wessler, S AF Bennetzen, J Buckler, E Chandler, V Doebley, J Dorweiler, J Gaut, B Freeling, M Hake, S Kellogg, E Poethig, RS Walbot, V Wessler, S TI Genetic evidence and the origin of maize (Biology, archaeology) SO LATIN AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; ZEA-DIPLOPERENNIS POACEAE; TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; CHLOROPLAST GENOME; GENUS ZEA; TEOSINTE; RELATIVES; DOMESTICATION; PHYLOGENY AB The origin of maize has been a topic of interest to both biologists and archaeologists. During the twentieth century, the viewpoint that maize is a domesticated form of teosinte received convincing support from biological data and is now broadly accepted among biologists familiar with the issues and data. There is no support of any kind for an alternative view that maize is a hybrid of the grasses Zea diploperennis and Tripsacum. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Sci Biol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Lab Genetics, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolution, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Plant Gene Expression Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bennetzen, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Sci Biol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Kellogg, Elizabeth/M-2845-2013 OI Kellogg, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1671-7447 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 1045-6635 J9 LAT AM ANTIQ JI Lat. Am. Antiq. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 12 IS 1 BP 84 EP 86 DI 10.2307/971759 PG 3 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 417UF UT WOS:000167852000007 ER PT J AU Lydon, J Patterson, CD AF Lydon, J Patterson, CD TI Detection of tabtoxin-producing strains of Pseudomonas syringae by PCR SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROSIS-INDUCING TOXIN; PV PHASEOLICOLA; WILDFIRE TOXIN; LEMA GENE; CORONATINE; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; CLONING; PATHOGENICITY; RHIZOBACTERIA AB Aims: The present study describes a system based on PCR to distinguish tabtoxin-producing strains of Pseudomonas syringae from other Ps. syringae plant pathogens that produce chlorosis-inducing phytotoxins. Methods and Results: Thirty-two strains of Ps. syringae and related species were examined. Two sets of PCR primers were developed to amplify genes (tblA and tabA) required for tabtoxin production. Only a PCR product of 829 bp or 1020 bp was produced in PCR reactions with the tblA or tabA primer sets, respectively, and cells from tabtoxin-producing pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae. All known non-tabtoxin producing bacterial species failed to produce an amplification product with either primer set. Conclusions: PCR of genes required for tabtoxin production is a simple, rapid and reliable method for identifying tabtoxin-producing strains of Ps. syringae. Significance and Impact of the Study: The protocol can effectively distinguish tabtoxin-producing strains of Ps. syringae from other Ps. syringae pathovars and Ps. syringae pv. tabaci strains from other tabtoxin-producing Ps. syringae pathovars. C1 ARS, USDA, SASL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lydon, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SASL, Bldg 001,Room 320, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00882.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 414BU UT WOS:000167646700010 PM 11264746 ER PT J AU Yu, SL Cooke, PH Tu, SI AF Yu, SL Cooke, PH Tu, SI TI Effects of chilling on sampling of bacteria attached to swine carcasses SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MEAT SURFACES; BEEF TISSUE; MICROORGANISMS; HYDROPHOBICITY; SALMONELLA; EXCISION; ADHESION; REMOVAL AB Two microbiological sampling techniques, excision and sponge swabbing, were compared by determining counts of aerobic bacteria, coliforms and injured coliforms from 20 de-haired swine carcasses before and after chilling. Excised jowl skin produced significantly greater counts of the three types of bacteria than sponge swabs. Aerobic bacteria, coliforms and injured coliforms recovered by sponge swabbing carcasses before chilling were 11.6%, 0.9% and 11.0% of excised samples, respectively; the corresponding percentages recovered after chilling were 23.9%, 11.1% and 5.0%. Numbers of all bacteria present on the post-chill carcasses were substantially lower than on the pre-chill carcasses. Excision usually produced more countable plates for coliforms and injured coliforms on chilled carcasses than sponge swabbing and therefore, is more suitable in estimating low numbers of faecal bacteria on chilled carcasses. To explore the possible structural bases for these findings, skin samples were inoculated with 10(2)-10(7) cfu cm(-2) faecal bacteria and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Chilled samples showed bacteria and biofilm embedded in superficial crevices, which underlies a possible reason for the lower recovery of bacterial cells by the sponge swabbing. The study indicates that the differences between sampling techniques may be a result of the chilling process of swine carcasses. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yu, SL (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00886.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 414BU UT WOS:000167646700018 PM 11264754 ER PT J AU Benito, P Nelson, GJ Kelley, DS Bartolini, G Schmidt, PC Simon, V AF Benito, P Nelson, GJ Kelley, DS Bartolini, G Schmidt, PC Simon, V TI The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY-CANCER PREVENTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; TRANS-FATTY; WEIGHT-GAIN; MICE; MEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; GROWTH; MILK; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Despite extensive research on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) showing multiple beneficial effects in animal models, little is known about the role of dietary CLA in human health. To investigate if the beneficial effects of CLA seen in animal models are relevant to humans, Lye conducted a study with 17 healthy female volunteers who lived in the Metabolic Research Unit of the Western Human Nutrition Research Center for 93 d. This paper reports only the results from this study that are related to the effects of CLA supplementation on blood coagulation, platelet function, and platelet fatty acid composition. Throughout the study, the subjects were fed a low-fat diet (30 en% fat, 19 en% protein, and 51 en% carbohydrate) consisting of natural foods with the recommended dietary allowances for all known nutrients. After a 30-d stabilization period, subjects were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 10) whose diet was supplemented With 3.9 g/d of CLA or a control group (n = 7) who received an equivalent amount of sunflower oil consisting of 72.6% linoleic acid with no detectable CLA. Platelet aggregation was measured in platelet-rich plasma using adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and arachidonic acid agonists. No statistical difference was detected between the amount of agonist required to produce 50% aggregation of platelet-rich plasma before and after the subjects consumed the CLA, with the exception of a decrease in response to collagen. This decrease was found in both control and intervention groups with no significant difference between the groups, suggesting that both linoleic acid (sunflower oil) and CLA might have similar effects on platelet function. The prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and the antithrombin III levels in the subjects were determined. Again, there was no statistically significant difference in these three parameters when pre- and post-CLA consumption values were compared. The in vivo bleeding times were also unaffected by CLA supplementation (10.4 + 2.8 min pre- and 10.2 + 1.6 min postconsumption). Platelet fatty acid composition was not markedly influenced by the consumption of dietary CLA, although there was a small increase in the amount of the 9 cis,11 trans-18:2 isomer normally present in platelets after feeding CLA for 63 days. In addition, small amounts of the 8 trans,10 cis-18:2 and the 10 trans, 12 cis-18:2 isomers were detected in the platelets along with traces of some of the other isomers. Thus, when compared to sunflower oil, the blood-clotting parameters and in vitro platelet aggregation showed that adding 3.9 g/d of dietary CLA to a typical Western diet for 63 d produces no observable physiological change in blood coagulation and platelet function in healthy adult females. Short-term consumption of CLA does not seem to exhibit antithrombotic properties in humans. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nelson, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11745-001-0711-y PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420DB UT WOS:000167987700001 PM 11337976 ER PT J AU Benito, P Nelson, GJ Kelley, DS Bartolini, G Schmidt, PC Simon, V AF Benito, P Nelson, GJ Kelley, DS Bartolini, G Schmidt, PC Simon, V TI The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on plasma lipoproteins and tissue fatty acid composition in humans SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; HEALTHY WOMEN; CHOLESTEROL; MEN; BLOOD; MILK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SUPPLEMENTATION; CONSUMPTION; MODULATION AB Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been suggested by some animal studies to possess antiatherogenic properties. To determine, in humans, the effect of dietary CLA on blood lipids, lipoproteins, and tissue fatty acid composition, we conducted a 93-d study with 17 healthy female volunteers at the Metabolic Research Unit of the Western Human Nutrition Research Center. Throughout the study, subjects were fed a low-fat diet. [30 energy percent (en%) fat, 19 en% protein, and 51 en% carbohydrate] that consisted of natural foods with the recommended dietary allowances for all known nutrients. After a 30-d stabilization period, subjects were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 10) supplemented daily with capsules containing 3.9 g of CLA or a control group (n = 7) that received an equivalent amount of sunflower oil. The CLA capsules (CLA 65%) contained four major cis/trans geometric isomers (11.4% 9 cis-,11 trans-18:2; 10.8% 8 trans-, 10 cis-18:2; 15.3% 11 cis-,13 trans-18:2; and 14.7% 10 trans-,12 cis-18:2) and their corresponding cis/cis (6.74% total) and trans/trans (5.99% total) varieties in smaller amounts. Fasting blood was drawn on study days 30 (end of the stabilization period), 60 (midpoint of the intervention period), and 93 (end of the intervention period). Adipose tissue samples were taken on days 30 and 93. CLA supplementation for 63 d did not change the levels of plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. The weight percentage of CLA in plasma increased from 0.28 +/- 0.06 to 1.09 +/- 0.31 (n = 10, P < 0.05) after the supplementation. The 9 cis-,ll trans-isomer was the most prominent variety followed by the 11 cis-,13 trans- and 10 trans-,12 cis-isomers in lesser amounts. CLA in adipose tissue was not influenced by the supplementation (0.79 10.18 to 0.83 +/- 0.19 wt%) (n = 10) and the 9 cis-,ll trans-variety was the only isomer present. Thus, contrary to findings from some animal studies, CLA does not seem to offer health benefits, in the short term, regarding the prevention of atherosclerosis in humans. CLA supplementation for 2 mon did not alter the blood cholesterol or lipoprotein levels of healthy, normolipidemic subjects. The supplementation did increase CLA in the plasma but only 4.23% of the ingested CLA was present in the plasma at any given time. No adverse effect of CLA supplementation was detected in this study. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nelson, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 46 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 3 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s11745-001-0712-x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420DB UT WOS:000167987700002 PM 11337977 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO Copes, LC Walter, EL AF Adlof, RO Copes, LC Walter, EL TI Changes in conjugated linoleic acid composition within samples obtained from a single source SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE conjugated; linoleic; CLA; composition; isomers; HPLC; GC ID FATTY-ACID; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITION; PREVENTION; ISOMERS; TISSUE AB Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 9c,11t-18:2) and CLA isomers have been reported, in animals, to exhibit a variety of health-related benefits. Silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) was found to provide better resolution of the isomers than gas chromatography. Most commercially available samples of CLA, prepared by base-catalyzed isomerization of linoleic acid (9c,12c-18:2), are composed of mixtures of four major isomers. While these isomers have been characterized, we found significant changes in CLA isomer ratios within samples obtained from the same producer/commercial supplier over a period of 1.5 yr. In the first sample, the four cis/trans isomers (8t,10c-18:2, 9c,11t-18:2, 10t,12c-18:2 and 11c,13t-18:2) were present in a ratio of approximately 1:2:2:1, while in the second sample they were present in almost equal proportions. If indeed certain daily levels of CLA intake are required to produce suggested health benefits in humans, changes in concentrations of specific CLA isomers could significantly impact these effects. Care must be taken to analyze the CLA used in human and animal studies. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 3 BP 315 EP 317 DI 10.1007/s11745-001-0723-7 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 420DB UT WOS:000167987700013 PM 11337988 ER PT J AU Blummel, M Lebzien, P AF Blummel, M Lebzien, P TI Predicting ruminal microbial efficiencies of dairy rations by in vitro techniques SO LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle-feeding and nutrition; microbial efficiency; in vitro gas production ID FATTY-ACID PRODUCTION; VOLUNTARY FEED-INTAKE; IN-VITRO; GAS-PRODUCTION; QUANTIFICATION; EXCRETION; ROUGHAGES; NITROGEN; DUODENUM; PROTEIN AB The efficiency of microbial production (EMP) of nine mixed diets consisting of approximately even parts of roughage and concentrates was investigated in vivo and in vitro. EMP in vivo was estimated based on ruminal N-15 infusions Of dairy cows and varied from 27.8 to 34.6 g of nitrogen (N) per kg truly fermented OM (mean = 31.9 g). EMP in vitro was estimated by partitioning factor (PF ratio of mg of OM truly degraded to mi gas produced thereby), by two microbial N balances and by purine base (PB: adenine and guanine) analysis. Both microbial N balances were based on the determination of undegraded feed N by neutral detergent (ND) solution treatment and N analysis. Changes in the NH, concentrations in the incubation medium were taken into account in one of the microbial N balances. All in vitro incubations were conducted in N-low (-NH4) and N-rich ( + NH4) medium. In vitro digestibility measurements were consistently higher (P < 0.0001) in N-rich medium but the effect of N-level on in vitro microbial efficiency varied in dependence of how microbial production was analyzed, Of the estimates of EMP in vitro only PF values were significantly related to EMP in vivo, the relationship being slightly closer for the - NH4 (r = 0.77, P = 0.016) than for the + NH4 (r = 0.74, P = 0.022) medium. PB per unit ATP (mol/mmol) tended to be inversely related to EMP in vivo in both -NH4 (r= -0.52, P=0.148) and +NH4 (r = - 0.32, P = 0.403) medium. The amount of substrate truly degraded in vitro as determined by ND-solution treatment was in good agreement with the sum of the fermentation products recovered suggesting that this treatment can also be used for the estimation of in vitro true degradability of mixed diets. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Hohenheim, Inst Anim Prod Trop & Subtrop 480, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Bundesanstalt Landwirtschaft, Inst Anim Nutr, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Blummel, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Route 1,Box 2021, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-6226 J9 LIVEST PROD SCI JI Livest. Prod. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 68 IS 2-3 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00241-4 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 411XK UT WOS:000167524800002 ER PT J AU Heaton, MP Chitko-McKown, CG Grosse, WM Keele, JW Keen, JE Laegreid, WW AF Heaton, MP Chitko-McKown, CG Grosse, WM Keele, JW Keen, JE Laegreid, WW TI Interleukin-8 haplotype structure from nucleotide sequence variation in commercial populations of US beef cattle SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID OLIGO BASE EXTENSION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MYOSTATIN GENE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; MUTATIONS AB The aim of the present study was twofold: first, to design a panel of 96 sires that reflects the breadth of genetic diversity in U.S. beef cattle, and second, to use this panel to discover nucleotide sequence diversity and haplotype structures of interleukin (IL)-8 in commercial populations. The latter is a requisite for epidemiological studies designed to test whether IL8 alleles are risk factors for acquiring or maintaining bacterial infections in production environments. IL-8 encodes a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity by attracting and activating neutrophils in the early stages of host defense against bacterial invasion. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were identified by sequencing two IL8 DNA segments amplified from the panel of 17 popular cattle breeds (MARC beef cattle diversity panel, version 2.1). Assays for automated genotype scoring by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were developed to independently verify the seven SNP alleles in the 96 bulls and 313 cattle from the MARC reference population. Five haplotype structures, spanning the two IL8 DNA segments, were unambiguously defined for the set of seven IL8 SNPs. Based on the breadth of germplasm in bovine diversity panel, the five haplotype structures for IL8 are estimated to represent >98% of those present in these DNA segments in commercial populations of U.S. beef cattle. The frequencies of the five respective haplotypes in the eight Angus sires of the diversity panel (0.75, 0.25. 0.00, 0.00, 0.00) were similar to those scored in 150 purebred Angus cattle from six herds in four Midwestern states (0.82, 0.18, 0.01, 0.00, 0.00), suggesting that the diversity panel may also be useful for estimating allele frequencies in commercial populations. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Heaton, MP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAR PY 2001 VL 12 IS 3 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s003350010269 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 408RJ UT WOS:000167341200006 PM 11252171 ER PT J AU Leonard, JBK Waldbieser, GC Silverstein, JT AF Leonard, JBK Waldbieser, GC Silverstein, JT TI Neuropeptide Y sequence and messenger RNA distribution in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neuropeptide Y; NPY; feeding; channel catfish; Ictaluridae; Ictalurus punctatus ID FOOD-INTAKE REGULATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASE; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; GROWTH-HORMONE; GOLDFISH BRAIN; LEPTIN ACTION; TELEOST FISH; PEPTIDE YY; NPY AB The action of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on food intake is of interest for the enhancement of growth of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) for aquaculture. We sequenced 795 bp of complementary DNA (including 288 bp of open reading frame that encompassed the signal peptide, mature peptide, and carboxy-terminal peptide) from catfish brain NPY (GenBank accession number AF267164) and identified untranslated regions of the gene. We found high identity (88%-91%) of the amino acid sequence of the translated, mature protein with other fish NPYs. Using Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we found NPY gene expression in the hypothalamus, myelencephalon, telencephalon, and optic tectum of the brain, but not the cerebellum or the pituitary gland. NPY expression was also found in immature ovary. Our results highlight the conserved nature of NPY in vertebrate systems, and the probes developed in this work will facilitate physiological and genetic studies of feeding and growth in channel catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Silverstein, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s101260000050 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 431VK UT WOS:000168652300005 PM 14961373 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Chen, YR AF Liu, YL Chen, YR TI Two-dimensional visible/near-infrared correlation spectroscopy study of thawing behavior of frozen chicken meats without exposure to air SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE two-dimensional correlation analysis; Vis/NIR spectroscopy; frozen meat; chicken meat; thawing ID POULTRY CARCASSES; CLASSIFICATION; PATTIES AB The thawing behavior of frozen chicken meats without exposure to air was investigated by generalized 2D Vis/NIR correlation spectroscopy. The synchronous 2D visible correlation analysis revealed that intensities of the 435 and 555 nm bands increase, because of the relaxation of DeoxyMb and OxyMb components, whereas those of the 475 and 620 nm bands decrease as MetMb and SulfMb decompose into small molecules due to specific enzymes. The corresponding asynchronous spectra indicated that the decomposition of MetMb and SulfMb species precedes the recovery of DeoxyMb and OxyMb, and that the DeoxyMb species recovers faster than the OxyMb.. Further, the asynchronous 2D NIR spectra suggested that the melting of ice crystals and the relaxation and proteolysis of proteins occurs earlier, indicating a coordination process for hydrophilic O-H and N-H groups. Moreover, strong correlation peaks correlating the bands in the visible and NIR spectral regions were observed and discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 57 IS 3 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0309-1740(00)00106-6 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 384TR UT WOS:000165962200010 PM 22061505 ER PT J AU Veiseth, E Koohmaraie, M AF Veiseth, E Koohmaraie, M TI Effect of extraction buffer on estimating calpain and calpastatin activity in postmortem ovine muscle SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpain; calpastatin; muscle; pH ID RABBIT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEUTRAL PROTEINASES; INHIBITOR; PROTEASES; PURIFICATION; TENDERNESS; STORAGE; BEEF AB The effect of extraction buffer on extractable calpain and calpastatin activity in postmortem muscles was examined. Muscles were removed from ovine carcasses 24 h after slaughter and extracted with three volumes of two extraction buffers containing 20 (pH 7.5) and 100 (pH 8.3) mM Tris. There was a significant difference in pH of the muscle homogenates, having a pH of 5.84 and 7.58 for 20 and 100 mM Tris base, respectively. Calpastatin, mu -calpain and m-calpain all had significantly reduced activity in extracts made with 20 mM Tris (pH 7.5) buffer compared to 100 mM Tris (pH 8.3) buffer, showing a loss of, respectively, 30, 57 and 37%. These results indicate the impact of choice of buffer on the extractable calpains and calpastatin activity from postmortem muscle. To avoid loss of calpains due to isoelectric precipitation, the pH of the muscle homogenate (after homogenization and prior to the first centrifugation) must be above 6.2. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Food Sci, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 57 IS 3 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0309-1740(00)00109-1 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 384TR UT WOS:000165962200013 PM 22061508 ER PT J AU Finstad, EW Newhouse, IJ Lukaski, HC McAuliffe, JE Stewart, CR AF Finstad, EW Newhouse, IJ Lukaski, HC McAuliffe, JE Stewart, CR TI The effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE magnesium deficiency; ionic magnesium; physically active; women; VO(2)max; anaerobic threshold; anaerobic treadmill test; recovery ID STRESS; SERUM; ZINC; MG AB Purpose: To determine the effects of magnesium (Mg2+) supplementation on performance and recovery in physically active women using the sensitive and recently advanced measure of ionic Mg2+ (iMg). Methods: Participants (N = 121) were screened for [iMg] in plasma, with 44 (36.4%) exhibiting [iMg] below the normal range of 0.53-0.67 mmol.L-1 (4). Thirty-two subjects (21 +/- 3 yr) representing a broad range of [iMg] (0.54 +/- 0.04 mmol.L-1) completed the main 14-wk study. Ar baseline, participants submitted to a resting blood pressure measurement, and they completed both an anaerobic treadmill test and an incremental (aerobic) treadmill rest. For the latter. values for workload, oxygen uptake, and heart rate were obtained at both anaerobic threshold and maximal effort. Blood samples for iMg, total serum Mg2+ (TMg), erythrocyte Mg2+ (EMg), Ca2+, K+, Na+, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lactate, and glucose were also collected pretest, and 4, 10, 30 min, and 24 h posttest. Subjects received 212 mg.d(-1) Mg oxide or placebo in a double-blind fashion and were retested after 4 wk. After a 6-wk washout period, the testing was repeated with a treatment crossover. Results: Ionic Mg2+ increased with Mg2- treatment versus placebo (P < 0.05); however, performance and recovery indices were not significantly affected. Conclusion: Four weeks of 212 mg.d(-1) Mg oxide supplementation improves resting [iMg] levels but not performance or recovery in physically active women. C1 Lakehead Univ, Sch Kinesiol, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Newhouse, IJ (reprint author), Lakehead Univ, Sch Kinesiol, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1097/00005768-200103000-00024 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 408RX UT WOS:000167342400024 PM 11252079 ER PT J AU Heaney, RP Dawson-Hughes, B Gallagher, JC Marcus, R Nieves, JW AF Heaney, RP Dawson-Hughes, B Gallagher, JC Marcus, R Nieves, JW TI The role of calcium in peri- and postmenopausal women: consensus opinion of The North American Menopause Society SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE calcium; menopause; perimenopause; bone mass; fractures; osteoporosis; hypertension; obesity; nephrolithiasis; colorectal cancer ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; DIETARY CALCIUM; VITAMIN-D; BLOOD-PRESSURE; VERTEBRAL FRACTURES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CLINICAL-TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Objective: The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) established a goal to review the published medical data and develop an evidence-based consensus opinion regarding the role of calcium in peri- and postmenopausal women. Design: In building this consensus opinion, NAMS followed the general principles established for evidence-based guidelines. As part of that process, NAMS appointed a panel of clinicians and researchers acknowledged to be experts in the field of calcium. Their advice was used to assist the NAMS Board of Trustees in developing this consensus opinion. Results: Adequate calcium intake (in the presence of adequate vitamin D intake) has been shown to prevent bone loss and reduce fracture risk in peri- and postmenopausal women. Although calcium is not as effective as antiresorptive agents (e.g., estrogen, selective estrogen-receptor modulators, or bisphosphonates), it is an essential component of antiresorptive agent therapy for osteoporosis. Calcium has also been associated with beneficial effects in several nonskeletal disorders, primarily hypertension, colorectal cancer, obesity, and nephrolithiasis, although the extent of those effects and mechanisms involved have not been fully explored. Estimates of adequate intakes of calcium for peri- and postmenopausal women are based on evidence relating to osteoporosis prevention. At least 1,200 mg/day of calcium is required for most women; levels greater than 2,500 mg/day are not recommended. To ensure adequate calcium absorption, a daily intake of 400-600 IU of vitamin D is recommended, either through sun exposure or through diet or supplementation. Since no accurate test to determine calcium deficiency exists, clinicians should focus instead on ensuring that a woman consumes enough calcium to meet the recommended levels. Conclusion: Although the most definitive role for calcium in peri- and postmenopausal women is in bone health, it is clear that adequate calcium intake has implications that encompass a woman's overall health. Based on the available evidence, a strong statement can be made regarding the importance of ensuring adequate calcium intake in all women, particularly those in peri- or postmenopause. C1 Creighton Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Bone Metab, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Palo Alto Vet Affairs Hlth Ctr, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Aging Study Unit, Palo Alto, CA USA. Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Heaney, RP (reprint author), NAMS, POB 94527, Cleveland, OH 44101 USA. NR 103 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 84 EP 95 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 408RZ UT WOS:000167342600003 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Abad, LW Lundgren, N AF Roubenoff, R Abad, LW Lundgren, N TI Effect of acquired immune deficiency syndrome wasting on the protein metabolic response to acute exercise SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; WEIGHT-LOSS; INFECTION; PLASMA; MASS; ENRICHMENT; NUTRITION; TURNOVER; STRENGTH; LEUCINE AB Wasting is a major complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which remains prevalent even in the era of highly-active antiretroviral therapy. We have previously shown that progressive resistance exercise can increase lean body mass (LBM) significantly in patients with wasting, and that exercise does not increase circulating HIV RNA concentrations. We examined the effect of 1 bout of moderately difficult exercise on whole body protein kinetics in 10 patients with HIV wasting and 12 patients with HIV infection without wasting. At baseline, there were no differences between the groups in whole body leucine flux, oxidation, or nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD, a measure of whole body protein synthesis). Six days after exercise, NOLD was significantly higher in the wasted patients compared with the nonwasted ones (82.2 +/- 16.7 v 66.5 +/- 15.2 mu mol/kg LBM/h. P < .03). The change in NOLD between baseline and day 6 was significantly different between the 2 groups (+9.0 +/- 9.2 v -3.3 +/- 5.7 mol/kg LBM/h, P < .02). These data indicate that the ability to respond to exercise with protein synthesis is maintained in HIV wasting. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Tupper Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P01 DK46200, DK45734] NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 50 IS 3 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1053/meta.2001.21017 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 408JK UT WOS:000167322900006 PM 11230780 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Lutzoni, FM Ward, TJ Benny, GL AF O'Donnell, K Lutzoni, FM Ward, TJ Benny, GL TI Evolutionary relationships among mucoralean fungi (Zygomycota): Evidence for family polyphyly on a large scale SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE phylogeny; rDNA; systematics; translation elongation factor ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; AMOEBIDIUM-PARASITICUM; DISCRETE CHARACTERS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DATA SETS; NUCLEAR; GENE; ORIGINS AB Mucorales (Zygomycota) are ubiquitous, morphologically simple terrestrial fungi that are united taxonomically by possession of a coenocytic mycelium upon which nonmotile mitotic spores are produced asexually in uni- to multispored sporangia, and zygospores, where known, are produced following fusion of sexually compatible hyphae. Here we report the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of essentially all genera of Mucorales (63 species, 54 genera and 13 families) based on partial nucleotide sequence data of nuclear small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA and nuclear large subunit (28S) ribosomal RNA genes, translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene exons, and a morphological data set consisting of 1826, 389, 1092 and 11 characters, respectively. Individual and combined data sets were analyzed by unequally weighted maximum parsimony (MP) to investigate evolutionary relationships among and within mucoralean families. A Micromucor-Umbelopsis clade, traditionally included in the Mortierellaceae, was identified as the basal sister-group to all other Mucorales. A major discovery of this study is that traditional family-level classification schemes for this order appear to be highly artificial as evidenced by polyphyly of four of the seven families containing two or more genera. As presently circumscribed, these four families include 83% of the Mucorales. In addition, the largest and best known genera, Mucor and Absidia, were resolved as polyphyletic. The results provide a robust phylogenetic framework for additional evolutionary studies of the Mucorales. C1 ARS, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kodonnell@sunca.ncaur.usda.gov NR 70 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 3 U2 15 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 286 EP 297 DI 10.2307/3761650 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 414EP UT WOS:000167653200008 ER PT J AU Suh, SO Kurtzman, CP Blackwell, M AF Suh, SO Kurtzman, CP Blackwell, M TI The status of Endomyces scopularum - a filamentous fungus and two yeasts SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fungal parasite; mushroom; Ophiostomatales; Saccharomycetales; yeast-like fungi ID MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; PHYLOGENY; HYPOCREALES; SEQUENCES AB Given the clouded history of species of Endomyces and the Endomycetales, we determined partial sequences of nuclear small and large subunits of the ribosomal RNA gene for three cultures of Endomyces scopularum, a parasitic fungus of agaric basidiocarps, in order to clarify the phylogenetic position of the species within the ascomycetes. As the result of sequence comparisons, the three cultures were divided into two distinct groups in phylogenetic trees. Strain CBS 131.86 is in an ophiostomatalean clade in the euascomycetes. By comparison, CBS 154.92 and CBS 155.92, which have identical sequences in both subunits of rDNA, are in the Saccharomycetales clade. Candida fukazawae, C. sagamina, and C. fungicola, inhabitants of basidiocarps, were the closest taxa to the two yeast cultures. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. ARS, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Suh, SO (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.2307/3761653 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 414EP UT WOS:000167653200011 ER PT J AU Tessmann, DJ Charudattan, R Kistler, HC Rosskopf, EN AF Tessmann, DJ Charudattan, R Kistler, HC Rosskopf, EN TI A molecular characterization of Cercospora species pathogenic to water hyacinth and emendation of C-piaropi SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aquatic weeds; biological control; fungi; phylogenetics ID AMPLIFY CONSERVED GENES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE DATA; WATERHYACINTH; SYSTEMATICS; FUSARIUM; GENEALOGIES; BIOCONTROL; DIVERGENT AB Phylogenetic relationships among isolates of Cercospora species pathogenic to water hyacinth, collected from several geographic regions of the world, were examined by using partial DNA sequences from three protein-coding genes: elongation factor-la, P-tubulin, and histone H3. In cladograms from individual, as well as from combined datasets for 14 isolates, two statistically well supported clades were found: a major clade that included isolates from Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Florida (USA), South Africa, and Zambia; and a minor clade restricted to isolates from Texas (USA). Shape and dimensions of conidia were unreliable criteria for taxonomic differentiation of most isolates that composed the two clades. In addition, the ex-type culture of C. rodmanii did not show differences in DNA sequence in relation to the other isolates grouped in the major clade, including some that had conidial size and morphology fitting the description of C. piaropi. Therefore, the separation of these species not only did not have strong phenotypic support, but also did not have support from the phylogenetic analysis. Consequently, the description of C. piaropi is emended herein to include C. rodmanii as a synonym. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Hort Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Charudattan, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, 1453 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 323 EP 334 DI 10.2307/3761654 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 414EP UT WOS:000167653200012 ER PT J AU Swart, L Crous, PW Kang, JC Mchau, GRA Pascoe, I Palm, ME AF Swart, L Crous, PW Kang, JC Mchau, GRA Pascoe, I Palm, ME TI Differentiation of species of Elsinoe associated with scab disease of Proteaceae based on morphology, symptomatology, and ITS sequence phylogeny SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE plant pathogens; Sphaceloma; systematics ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; SYSTEMATICS; RDNA; CHARACTERS; DNA AB Scab disease of Proteaceae, which was initially observed on Leucospermum in South Africa in 1981, has subsequently been reported on this host from Australia and Hawaii. The disease, commonly known as corky bark or scab, is associated with severe losses of commercial plantings of Leucospermum in South Africa, and has also been collected from species of Leucadendron, Protea and Serruria in South Africa, from Banksia, Leucadendron, Mimetes, Protea and Serruria in Australia, and from Leucospermum and Protea in California and Zimbabwe. The causal agent was determined to be a species of Elsinoe which has not been formally described. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the taxonomy of the species of Elsinoe associated with scab disease of Proteaceae in these countries. Morphology, symptomatology and DNA sequence analysis of the 5.8S rDNA gene and its flanking ITS1 and ITS2 regions were used. Anamorph and teleomorph characteristics of isolates from Leucospermum, Protea and Banksia suggest that there are at least four distinct species involved. These findings are strongly supported by the phylogenetic tree inferred from DNA sequence data. Furthermore, these results also show that the Elsinoe isolates from Leucadendron, Leucospermum and Serruria in South Africa and Australia, and the isolates from Leucospermum in California and Zimbabwe are representative of the same species. C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. Inst Hort Dev, SE Mail Ctr, Vic 3176, Australia. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crous, PW (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. RI Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 2 BP 366 EP 379 DI 10.2307/3761658 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 414EP UT WOS:000167653200016 ER PT J AU Andersen, B Kroger, E Roberts, RG AF Andersen, B Kroger, E Roberts, RG TI Chemical and morphological segregation of Alternaria alternata, A-gaisen and A-longipes SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOST-SPECIFIC TOXINS; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLITES; MYCOTOXINS; CRITERIA; THEMES; FOOD AB Correct identification of fungi to species level is important because a specific epithet embodies a set of characters that enables us to predict, for example, the mycotoxin production of a species. Many small-spored Alternaria isolates have been misidentified due to inappropriate growth conditions and the use of spore size as the only identifying character. In this study 39 Alternaria isolates were grown under standardised conditions and subjected to chemical, morphological and physiological analyses. All isolates were extracted and analysed by HPLC-DAD. Analysis showed that both A. gaisen and A. longipes were able to produce altertoxin I, which has not previously been reported. The resulting metabolite profiles were subjected to cluster analysis and principal component analysis. A subset of the isolates was grown at five different temperatures. Colony colour and diameter were recorded and the diameter measurements were subjected to principal component analysis. Analysis of chemical and physiological data showed that the 39 isolates segregated into the same distinct groups that are morphologically identifiable as A. alternata, A. longipes or A. gaisen. The results showed that A. longipes. A. gaisen and A. alternata are different species that can be distinguished morphologically. physiologically and chemically. Therefore, the continued use of the name Alternata alternata for A. longipes and A. gaisen is unwarranted and pathotypes should not be used. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Biotechnol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Andersen, B (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Biotechnol, Bldg 221, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM ba@ibt.dtu.dk RI Andersen, Birgitte/F-3922-2012 OI Andersen, Birgitte/0000-0002-4544-9886 NR 43 TC 61 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 105 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1017/S0953756201003446 PN 3 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 421CA UT WOS:000168043500007 ER PT J AU Lieckfeldt, E Kullnig, CM Kubicek, CP Samuels, GJ Borner, T AF Lieckfeldt, E Kullnig, CM Kubicek, CP Samuels, GJ Borner, T TI Trichoderma aureoviride: phylogenetic position and characterization SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WOOD DECAY FUNGI; GENUS TRICHODERMA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; REVISION; CULTURE; INOCULATION; STRAINS; VIRIDE AB The identity of strains identified as Trichoderma aureoviride/Hypocrea aureoviridis was reconsidered. Trichoderma aureoviride was isolated originally from a specimen identified as H. aureoviridis and thus is H. aureoviridis. The morphological and molecular characters of most strains identified as T. aureoviride differ from those of the ex-type but are more typical of T; harzianum, a member of sect. Pachybasium. Molecular data do not support inclusion of T. aureoviride in sect. Trichoderma, nor was there strong phenotypic similarity between H. aureoviridis and H. rufa. In the ITS phylogeny the T. aureoviride ex-type and other collections of H. aureoviridis form a strongly supported clade that is separate from any other recognized section of Trichoderma. Hypocrea vinosa, which was originally included in the T. aureoviride aggregate species concept. is distinct from T. aureoviride, but closely allied with H. rufa/T. viride. Trichoderma aureoviride/H. aureoviridis is a rare species, restricted to the UK and the Netherlands. We redefine T. aureoviride limiting it to strains with very slow growth rate, effuse conidiation, and the ITS-1 and 2 sequence type D. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol Genet, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Biochem Technol & Mikrobiol, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Room 304,B-011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 105 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1017/S0953756201003616 PN 3 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 421CA UT WOS:000168043500010 ER PT J AU Saxe, H Cannell, MGR Johnsen, B Ryan, MG Vourlitis, G AF Saxe, H Cannell, MGR Johnsen, B Ryan, MG Vourlitis, G TI Tree and forest functioning in response to global warming SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE global warming; physiology; phenology; tree; and forest functioning ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; PICEA-ABIES PROGENIES; TERRESTRIAL CARBON STORAGE; LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES; SIMULATING CLIMATIC-CHANGE; AUTUMN FROST-HARDINESS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SCOTS PINE-SEEDLINGS AB Although trees have responded to global warming in the past - to temperatures higher than they are now - the rate of change predicted in the 21st century is likely to be unprecedented. Greenhouse gas emissions could cause a 3-6 degreesC increase in mean land surface temperature at high and temperate latitudes. Despite this, few experiments have isolated the effects of temperature for this scenario on trees and forests. This review focuses on tree and forest responses at boreal and temperate latitudes, ranging from the cellular to the ecosystem level. Adaptation to varying temperatures revolves around the trade-off between utilizing the full growing season and minimizing frost damage through proper timing of hardening in autumn and dehardening in spring. But the evolutionary change in these traits must be sufficiently rapid to compensate for the temperature changes. Many species have a positive response to increased temperature - but how close are we to the optima? Management is critical for a positive response of forest growth to a warmer climate, and selection of the best species for the new conditions will be of vital importance. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Arboretum, Dept Econ & Nat Resources, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. Agr Univ Norway, Norwegian Forest Res Inst, N-1432 As, Norway. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Calif State Univ San Marcos, Biol Program Area, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. RP Saxe, H (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Arboretum, Dept Econ & Nat Resources, Horsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. EM hsa@kvl.dk RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 359 TC 394 Z9 423 U1 21 U2 252 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 149 IS 3 BP 369 EP 399 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00057.x PG 31 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 411JC UT WOS:000167494100002 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Ortega, YK McKelvey, KS Ruggiero, LF AF Pearson, DE Ortega, YK McKelvey, KS Ruggiero, LF TI Small mammal communities and habitat selection in Northern Rocky Mountain bunchgrass: Implications for exotic plant invasions SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; MICROTUS-PENNSYLVANICUS; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND; RESPONSES; MONTANUS; PRAIRIE; VOLES AB Agriculture and development have dramatically reduced the range of native bunchgrass habitats in the Northern Rocky Mountains, and the invasion of exotic plants threatens to greatly alter the remaining pristine prairie. Small mammals play many important roles in ecosystem functions, but little is known about small mammal community composition and structure in native bunchgrass habitats of the Northern Rocky Mountains. We live trapped small mammals along transects to study community composition, relative abundance, and habitat relationships in three native bunchgrass sites of west-central Montana. Small mammal community composition and relative abundance were consistent among sites, with deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) dominating, followed by montane voles (Microtus montanus), which were uncommon, and montane shrews (Sorex monticolus). which were rare. Deer mice and montane voles exhibited complementary habitat separation. Deer mice tended to select open microsites and avoid sires with high percentages of vegetative cover. Male and female deer mice demonstrated strong habitat separation at two sites, but the habitat variables partitioned between sexes differed by site. Montane voles avoided open sites and selected for concave microsites where the vegetative cover was relatively dense. This information provides an important baseline for understanding pre-settlement small mammal communities in the rapidly dwindling, native bunchgrass habitats of the Northern Rocky Mountains. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 2 BP 107 EP 117 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 444WY UT WOS:000169424100002 ER PT J AU Mills, TJ AF Mills, TJ TI Science, position advocacy, and ethics: A rebuttal to Hadley SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Mills, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NW Res Stn, 333 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 2 BP 191 EP 192 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 444WY UT WOS:000169424100012 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA TI Where do all the minerals go? Finding the causes of long-term mineral deficiency in children with serious illnesses SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID LEUKEMIA C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 259 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00505-6 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 419BD UT WOS:000167928700015 PM 11312071 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Sallis, JF Ritenbaugh, C Hill, JO Birch, LL Frank, LD Glanz, K Himmelgreen, DA Mudd, M Popkin, BM Rickard, KA St Jeor, S Hays, NP AF Booth, SL Sallis, JF Ritenbaugh, C Hill, JO Birch, LL Frank, LD Glanz, K Himmelgreen, DA Mudd, M Popkin, BM Rickard, KA St Jeor, S Hays, NP TI Environmental and societal factors affect food choice and physical activity: Rationale, influences, and leverage points SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Summit on Promoting Health Eating and Active Living: Developing a Framework for Progress CY APR 25-26, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID CITY LATINO COMMUNITY; LOW-FAT MILK; HEALTH PROMOTION; OBESITY EPIDEMIC; POLICY; NUTRITION; PROFESSIONALS; OPPORTUNITIES; INTERVENTIONS; CONSUMPTION C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vitamin Lab K, Boston, MA 02111 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Nutr, Denver, CO USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Architecture, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Anthropol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Corp Affairs, Northfield, IL USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Sch Allied Hlth Sci, Nutr & Dietet Program, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Nutr Educ & Res Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vitamin Lab K, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Vollrath, Margarete/G-1297-2011 NR 58 TC 263 Z9 267 U1 5 U2 44 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 59 IS 3 SU S BP S21 EP S39 PN 2 PG 19 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 424TQ UT WOS:000168248900006 PM 11330630 ER PT J AU Freedman, MR King, J Kennedy, E AF Freedman, MR King, J Kennedy, E TI Popular diets: A scientific review - Executive summary SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID LOW-FAT DIETS; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CIRCULATING LEPTIN CONCENTRATIONS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CRAVING OBESE PATIENTS; NORMAL-WEIGHT SUBJECTS; LIFE-STYLE CHANGES; HIGH-FIBER DIETS; AD-LIBITUM DIET C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP King, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave,Bldg Surge IV,Room 213, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 197 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 22 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 9 SU 1 BP 1S EP 40S DI 10.1038/oby.2001.113 PG 40 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 429XR UT WOS:000168543700001 PM 11374180 ER PT J AU Hirase, K Molin, WT AF Hirase, K Molin, WT TI Characterization of cysteine synthase in Echinochloa crus-galli L. and its inhibition by substrate analogues SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLSERINE THIOL LYASE; ACETOHYDROXYACID SYNTHASE; PISUM-SATIVUM; HIGHER-PLANTS; PURIFICATION; METABOLISM; PHOSPHINOTHRICIN; IMIDAZOLINONES; CHLOROPLASTS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Cysteine synthase [CS; EC 4.2.99.8] catalyzes the terminal step of cysteine biosynthesis whereby cysteine is formed from O-acetylserine (OAS) and sulfide. CS was extracted from the leaves of Echinochloa crusgalli L., fractionated with ammonium sulfate, and then characterized. The optimum assay temperature of CS was 50 degreesC, suggesting thermal stability. The activity was relatively low at pH 6.0, but increased sharply when the pH increased from 6.4 to 7.4. Maximal activity seemed between pH 7.4 and 9.0. The apparent K-m value was 2.53 mM for OAS and 0.88 mM for sulfide, which indicates that CS has a low affinity for GAS. Two inhibitors of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, amino-oxyacetate (AOA) and cycloserine, inhibited this enzyme by 76 and 42%, respectively, at 10 mM. An analogue of GAS, O-phosphoserine. inhibited CS slightly, but other analogues (e.g., O-phosphothreonine) were not significantly inhibitory, even at 30 mM. The I-50 value of AOA was about 3 mM. When CS and AOA were preincubated together at 30 degreesC. AOA inhibited CS in a time-dependent manner, by 51% with 0.1 mM AOA after a 4-h incubation. CS was stable during this incubation period. AOA and cycloserine inhibited the shoot elongation of E. crus-galli by 72 and 31%, respectively, at 5 kg a.i./ha postemergence. Growth inhibition by other compounds was less than 10%. These data suggest a correlation between CS inhibition and growth reduction; however, the supplementation of exogenous cysteine failed to reverse this inhibition in a test tube bioassay. This indicates that the growth inhibition could not be entirely attributed to the starvation of cysteine which might be caused by the inhibitor. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hirase, K (reprint author), ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 3 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1006/pest.2000.2532 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 422YL UT WOS:000168146800006 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Bryant, RB Clarke, TR Qi, JG AF Moran, MS Bryant, RB Clarke, TR Qi, JG TI Deployment and calibration of reference reflectance tarps for use with airborne imaging sensors SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PANELS AB Chemically treated canvas tarps of large dimension (8 by 8 m) can be deployed within the field of view of airborne digital sensors to provide a stable ground reference for converting image digital number (DN) to surface reflectance factor (rho). However, the accuracy of such tarp-based conversion is dependent upon a good knowledge of tarp rho st a variety of solar and view angles (theta (s) and theta (v)), and upon good care and proper deployment of tarps. In this study a set of turps of rho ranging from 0.04 to 0.64 were evaluated to determine the magnitude of error in measured tarp rho associated with variations in theta (s), theta (v) and for reasonable levels of tarp dirtiness. Results showed that for operational values of theta (s) and theta (v) and for reasonable levels of tarp dirtiness, the variation of measured tarp rho from the factory-designated rho could easily be greater than 50 percent. On the other hand, we found that, if tarps were deployed correctly and kept clean through careful use and periodic cleaning and if tarp rho was determined through calibration equations that account for both theta (s) and theta (v) the greatest sources of err or were minimized. General calibration equations were derived and provided here; these will be useful for applications with tarps of the same factory-designated rho values as those used in this study. Furthermore, equations were provided to allow calibration coefficients to be determined front the value of factory-designated rho for the visible and near-infrared spectral bands. The major limitation of tarps as calibration sources was related to the difficulty associated with deploying heavy, cumbersome tarps under normal field conditions characterized by moderate wind, dust, heat, and possibly mud. This study should provide tarp users with the information necessary to properly deploy tarps and process results for accurate image interpretation. C1 ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 67 IS 3 BP 273 EP 286 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 409JW UT WOS:000167381400005 ER PT J AU Wilson, JP Gates, RN Panwar, MS AF Wilson, JP Gates, RN Panwar, MS TI Dynamic multiline population approach to resistance gene management SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTRIATA VAR INDICA; PEARL-MILLET; TOPCROSS HYBRIDS; CULTIVAR MIXTURES; RUST; FORAGE; RACES; ENVIRONMENTS; VARIETIES; EVOLUTION AB The dynamic multiline population breeding strategy integrates principles from the gene stacking and multiline approaches and allows application of the multiline strategy to cross-pollinated hybrid crops. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the breeding approach. Backcross derivatives of pearl millet Tift 23DB were developed with rust resistance from 18 Burkina Faso landraces, 3 Pennisetum glaucum subsp. monodii accessions, and 2 elite inbreds (1 from India and 1 from the United States). Four cycles of open pollination were made, the last two in the field in rust epidemics. Cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) counterparts of the populations in the A(4) cytoplasm were included and advanced simultaneously with the B population. Hybrids with Tift 383 were produced on CMS cycles 1 (CI) through C4. Frequency of hybrid seedlings with resistance increased with each cycle, and frequencies averaged 18 to 38% in C1 to C4 hybrids, respectively, when inoculated with five single-uredinium isolates of Puccinia substriata var. indica. The hybrid populations and Tifleaf (TL)1 and TL2 were evaluated in three yield trials in 1998 to 1999. Disease-free forage dry matter yields did not differ among hybrids. Across trials, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of TL1 and TL2 averaged 1,307, C1 and C2 averaged 914, and C3 and C4 averaged 604. Final severities of TL1 and TL2 averaged 67%, C1 and C2 averaged 47%, and C3 and C4 averaged 30%. When analyzed by regression analysis, AUDPC was reduced 12.2%, final rust severity was reduced 13.3%, and digestible biomass was increased 4.1% per cycle. C1 Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Haryana Agr Univ, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2001 VL 91 IS 3 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.3.255 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 405XX UT WOS:000167186800004 PM 18943344 ER PT J AU Silva, IR Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Rufty, TW AF Silva, IR Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Rufty, TW TI Altered aluminum inhibition of soybean root elongation in the presence of magnesium SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE aluminum tolerance; calcium; cation amelioration; magnesium; soybean; wheat ID CATION AMELIORATION; CALCIUM ALLEVIATION; SOLUTION CULTURE; AL TOXICITY; TOLERANCE; PHYTOTOXICITY; GROWTH; WHEAT; MECHANISMS; RESISTANCE AB Variations in genotype rankings among screenings for Al tolerance in hydroponics may be related to differences in the composition of the solutions. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of Mg ions in modifying Al rhizotoxicity in soybeans. Root elongation was strongly inhibited by Al in a simple, 800 muM CaSO(4) solution, but elongation increased noticeably when the solutions also contained Mg. Amelioration of Al rhizotoxicity was not associated with an increase in ionic strength of treatment solutions because Al(3+) activities were kept constant. Concentration series experiments indicated that the Mg effect occurred in the muM range, while Ca amelioration of Al toxicity occurred at mM concentrations. The positive effect of Mg on root elongation was greatest for Al-sensitive genotypes and minimized genotypic differences for Al-tolerance. The Mg protection against Al rhizotoxicity apparently does not occur with all species, because it was not observed in Atlas and Scout 66 wheat varieties. The ability of Mg to ameliorate Al toxicity in soybean at muM levels suggests the involvement of distinct physiological factors. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Smyth, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jot_smyth@ncsu.edu NR 44 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2001 VL 230 IS 2 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1023/A:1010384516517 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 417VE UT WOS:000167854300006 ER PT J AU Kusaba, M Dwyer, K Hendershot, J Vrebalov, J Nasrallah, JB Nasrallah, ME AF Kusaba, M Dwyer, K Hendershot, J Vrebalov, J Nasrallah, JB Nasrallah, ME TI Self-incompatibility in the genus Arabidopsis: Characterization of the S locus in the outcrossing A-lyrata and its autogamous relative A-thaliana SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID CAMPESTRIS SYN. RAPA; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; RECEPTOR KINASE; DNA-SEQUENCES; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; ARABIS-PETRAEA; SLG ALLELES; EVOLUTION; EXPRESSION AB As a starting point for a phylogenetic study of self-incompatibility (SI) in crucifers and to elucidate the genetic basis of transitions between outcrossing and self-fertilizing mating systems in this family, we investigated the SI system of Arabidopsis lyrata. A. lyrata is an outcrossing close relative of the self-fertile A. thaliana and is thought to have diverged from A. thaliana similar to5 million years ago and from Brassica spp 15 to 20 million years ago, Analysis of two S (sterility) locus haplotypes demonstrates that the A. lyrata S locus contains tightly linked orthologs of the S locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene and the S locus cysteine-rich protein (SCR) gene, which are the determinants of SI specificity in stigma and pollen, respectively, but lacks an S locus glycoprotein gene. As described previously in Brassica, the S haplotypes of A. lyrata differ by the rearranged order of their genes and by their variable physical sizes. Comparative mapping of the A. lyrata and Brassica S loci indicates that the S locus of crucifers is a dynamic locus that has undergone several duplication events since the Arabidopsis-Brassica split and was translocated as a unit between two distant chromosomal locations during diversification of the two taxa. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the S locus region of A. lyrata and its homeolog in self-fertile A. thaliana identified orthologs of the SRK and SCR genes and demonstrated that self-compatibility in this species is associated with inactivation of SI specificity genes. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Scranton, Dept Biol, Scranton, PA 18510 USA. USDA, Fed Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nasrallah, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Ruezinsky, Diane/E-6208-2011 NR 67 TC 166 Z9 182 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 627 EP 643 DI 10.1105/tpc.13.3.627 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 423MH UT WOS:000168179700013 PM 11251101 ER PT J AU Gomez-Cadenas, A Zentella, R Walker-Simmons, MK Ho, THD AF Gomez-Cadenas, A Zentella, R Walker-Simmons, MK Ho, THD TI Gibberellin/abscisic acid antagonism in barley aleurone cells: Site of action of the protein kinase PKABA1 in relation to gibberellin signaling molecules SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AMYLASE GENE; HORDEUM-VULGARE-L; ABSCISIC-ACID; RESPONSE COMPLEX; HORMONAL-REGULATION; CEREAL ALEURONE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MESSENGER-RNA; TRANSDUCTION; EXPRESSION AB The antagonism between gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) is an important factor regulating the developmental transition from embryogenesis to seed germination. In barley aleurone layers, the expression of genes encoding alpha -amylases and proteases is induced by GA but suppressed by ABA. It has been shown that an ABA-induced protein kinase, PKABA1, mediates the ABA suppression of alpha -amylase expression. Using a barley aleurone transient expression system, we have now localized the site of action of PKABA1 relative to other signal transduction components governing the expression of alpha -amylase. The expression of alpha -amylase can be transactivated by the transcription factor GAMyb, which is itself induced by GA. A truncated GAMyb containing the DNA binding domain but lacking the transactivation domain prevents the GA induction of cu-amylase, further supporting the notion that GAMyb mediates the GA induction of alpha -amylase expression. Although ABA and PKABA1 strongly inhibit the GA induction of alpha -amylase, they have no effect on GAMyb-transactivated alpha -amylase expression. Using a GAMyb promoter-beta -glucuronidase construct, we also show that both ABA and PKABA1 repress the GA induction of GAMyb. In the slender mutant, GAMyb and alpha -amylase are highly expressed, even in the absence of GA. However, this constitutive expression can still be inhibited by ABA, PKABA1, or an inhibitor of cGMP synthesis. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that PKABA1 acts upstream from the formation of functional GAMyb but downstream from the site of action of the Slender gene product. Because PKABA1 inhibits the GA induction of the GAMyb promoter-beta -glucuronidase construct, it appears that at least part of the action of PKABA1 is to downregulate GAMyb at the transcriptional level. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Plant Biol Program, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gomez-Cadenas, A (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Plant Biol Program, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Gomez-Cadenas, Aurelio/K-6084-2012 OI Gomez-Cadenas, Aurelio/0000-0002-4598-2664 NR 47 TC 159 Z9 182 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 667 EP 679 DI 10.1105/tpc.13.3.667 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 423MH UT WOS:000168179700016 PM 11251104 ER PT J AU Noormets, A Sober, A Pell, EJ Dickson, RE Podila, GK Sober, J Isebrands, JG Karnosky, DF AF Noormets, A Sober, A Pell, EJ Dickson, RE Podila, GK Sober, J Isebrands, JG Karnosky, DF TI Stomatal and non-stomatal limitation to photosynthesis in two trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones exposed to elevated CO2 and/or O-3 SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; elevated O-3; light-saturated photosynthesis; Rubisco; stomatal conductance; stomatal limitation ID BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HYBRID POPLAR; GAS-EXCHANGE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; ENHANCED OZONE; GROWTH; LEAVES AB Leaf gas exchange parameters and the content of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in the leaves of two 2-year-old aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones (no. 216, ozone tolerant and no. 259, ozone sensitive) were determined to estimate the relative stomatal and mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis and to determine how these limitations were altered by exposure to elevated CO2 and/or O-3. The plants were exposed either to ambient air (control), elevated CO2 (560 p.p.m.) elevated O-3 (55 p.p.b.) or a mixture of elevated CO2 and O-3 in a free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility located near Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA. Light-saturated photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were measured in all leaves of the current terminal and of two lateral branches (one from the upper and one from the lower canopy) to detect possible age-related variation in relative stomatal limitation (leaf age is described as a function of leaf plastochron index). Photosynthesis was increased by elevated CO2 and decreased by O-3 at both control and elevated CO2. The relative stomatal limitation to photosynthesis (l(s)) was in both clones about 10% under control and elevated O-3. Exposure to elevated CO2 + O-3 in both clones and to elevated CO2 in clone 259, decreased l(s) even further - to about 5%. The corresponding changes in Rubisco content and the stability of C-i/C-a ratio suggest that the changes in photosynthesis in response to elevated CO2 and O-3 were primarily triggered by altered mesophyll processes in the two aspen clones of contrasting O-3 tolerance. The changes in stomatal conductance seem to be a secondary response, maintaining stable C-i under the given treatment, that indicates close coupling between stomatal and mesophyll processes. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Inst Ecol, Tartu Dept, Tartu, Estonia. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Noormets, A (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111 NR 56 TC 127 Z9 142 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 24 IS 3 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00678.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 413ZU UT WOS:000167642100006 ER PT J AU Granger, CL Cyr, RJ AF Granger, CL Cyr, RJ TI Characterization of the yeast copper-inducible promoter system in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; copper-inducible promoter; green fluorescent protein ID CONTROLLABLE GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; WHOLE PLANTS; TETRACYCLINE; INDUCTION; CELLS; ALLOW; GFP AB Inducible promoters or gene-switches are used to both spatially and temporally regulate gene expression. Such regulation can provide information concerning the function of a gene in a developmental context as well as avoid potential harmful effects due to overexpression. A gfp construct under the control of a copper-inducible promoter was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and the regulatory parameters of this inducible promoter were determined. Here, we describe the time-course of up- and down-regulation of GFP expression in response to copper level, the optimal regulatory levels of copper, and the tissue specificity of expression in three transgenic lines. We conclude that the copper-inducible promoter system may be useful in regulating the time and location of gene expression in A. thaliana. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Serv Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cyr, RJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 422GM UT WOS:000168110200009 PM 12026935 ER PT J AU Datta, R Chourey, PS AF Datta, R Chourey, PS TI Sugar-regulated control of alpha-tubulin in maize cell suspension culture SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE alpha-tubulin; sugar-regulation; cell suspension culture; Zea mays ID SUCROSE SYNTHASE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PROTEIN; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; INVERTASE; TISSUES; GENE; RNA AB The data reported here shows that alpha -tubulin, the subunit of microtubulin in the cytoskeleton, is regulated by sugars. A 48-h sugar-depletion treatment in EMS maize cell suspension culture medium led to a marked reduction in the levels of alpha -tubulin mRNA and protein. This response was reversible; the addition of metabolizable sugars led to a rapid increase in the levels of the alpha -tubulin transcript. Levels of alpha -tubulin protein also increased, albeit gradually. Surprisingly, there was little or no effect of phosphate depletion and phosphate addition on alpha -tubulin expression. Furthermore, the data show that sugars modulate a co-regulation of alpha -tubulin and cell-wall invertase. We propose that microtubules might be a major component of a sugar-signaling pathway that is regulated by, among other factors, cellular carbon metabolism. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chourey, PS (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, POB 110680, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Datta, Rupali/0000-0002-4117-0511 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 262 EP 266 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 422GM UT WOS:000168110200014 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Lukaesko, LA Maroon, CJM AF Lee, IM Lukaesko, LA Maroon, CJM TI Comparison of dig-labeled PCR, nested PCR, and ELISA for the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp sepedonicus in field-grown potatoes SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Clavibacter michiganensis subsp insidiosus; threshold values ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CORYNEBACTERIUM-SEPEDONICUM; DNA-HYBRIDIZATION; TUBERS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; EXTRACTION; INOCULUM; ANTISERA; STRAINS AB The sensitivity of digoxigenin- (dig-) labeled polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was compared with nested PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of the potato ring rot bacterium, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, in seed potatoes and stem tissues. The bacterial DNA was extracted from chopped tuber or stem tissue by a modified hot alkaline DNA extraction method. C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus specific DNA sequence was amplified by dig-labeled PCR with the primer pair CMSIF1/CMSIR1 previously designed based on the insertion element IS1121 of C. michiganensis subsp, sepedonicus. Dig-labeled PCR products were then blotted on a nylon membrane and the signal was detected by a colorimetric assay using alkaline phosphatase. The new assay procedure has a detection sensitivity close to that of nested PCR and simplicity of the standard ELISA procedure commonly used commercially. The dig-labeled PCR assay was more sensitive than ELISA and can be used to detect C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in symptomless field potato tubers. C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN 46514 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 85 IS 3 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.3.261 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 407EA UT WOS:000167258200005 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Fery, RL AF Thies, JA Fery, RL TI Characterization of Capsicum chinense cultigens for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria, M-hapla, and M-javanica SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE host resistance; root-knot nematode; Scotch Bonnet; vegetable breeding ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CAROLINA CAYENNE PEPPER; ANNUUM-L; INCOGNITA; LINES; JACQ; INHERITANCE; RACE-1 AB Four Capsicum chinense cultigens with known reactions to Meloidogyne incognita were characterized for resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, M. hapla, and M. javanica, in greenhouse and growth-chamber tests. The M. incognita-resistant cultigens PA-353, PA-398, and PA-426 exhibited high resistance to M. arenaria race 1; the M. incognita-susceptible PA-350 was susceptible to M. arenaria race 1. M. arenaria race 2 and M. javanica were not highly pathogenic to any of the C. chinense cultigens. PA-353, PA-398, and PA-426, however, supported an average of 98.1 and 94.8% fewer (P < 0.05) M. arenaria race 2 and M. javanica eggs per gram fresh root, respectively, than PA-350. M. hapla was pathogenic to all four C. chinense cultigens. PA-353, PA-398, and PA-426 will be useful sources of resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, M. javanica and M. incognita, for developing resistant habanero pepper cultivars; however, an alternative source of resistance must be identified for M. hapla. C1 ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 85 IS 3 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.3.267 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 407EA UT WOS:000167258200006 ER PT J AU Kynast, RG Riera-Lizarazu, O Vales, MI Okagaki, RJ Maquieira, SB Chen, G Ananiev, EV Odland, WE Russell, CD Stec, AO Livingston, SM Zaia, HA Rines, HW Phillips, RL AF Kynast, RG Riera-Lizarazu, O Vales, MI Okagaki, RJ Maquieira, SB Chen, G Ananiev, EV Odland, WE Russell, CD Stec, AO Livingston, SM Zaia, HA Rines, HW Phillips, RL TI A complete set of maize individual chromosome additions to the oat genome SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-BULBOSUM L; HAPLOID PRODUCTION FREQUENCIES; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ZEA-MAYS L; X MAIZE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; WIDE HYBRIDIZATION; CROSSES; HYBRIDS; EUCHLAENA AB All 10 chromosomes of maize (Zea mays, 2n = 2x = 20) were recovered as single additions to the haploid complement of oat (Avena sativa 2n = 6x = 42) among F-1 plants generated from crosses involving three different- lines of maize to eight different lines of oat. In vitro rescue culture of more than 4,300 immature F, embryos resulted in a germination frequency of 11% with recovery of 378 F-1 plantlets (8.7%) of moderately vigorous growth. Some F-1 plants were sectored with distinct chromosome constitutions among tillers of the same plant and also between root and shoot cells. Meiotic restitution facilitated development of un-reduced gametes in the F-1. Self-pollination of these partially fertile F-1 plants resulted in disomic additions (2n = 6x + 2 = 44) for maize chromosomes 1, 2,, 4, 6, 7, and 9. Maize chromosome 8 was recovered as a monosomic addition (2n = 6x + 1 = 43). Monosomic additions for maize chromosomes 5 and 10 to a haploid complement of oat (n = 3x + 1 = 22) were recovered several times among the F-2 plants. Although partially fertile, these chromosome 5 and 10 addition plants have not yet transmitted the added maize chromosome to F-2 offspring. We discuss the development and general utility of this set of oat-maize addition lines as a novel tool for maize genomics and genetics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM phill005@umn.edu OI Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar/0000-0002-7477-4063 NR 53 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 125 IS 3 BP 1216 EP 1227 DI 10.1104/pp.125.3.1216 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 423MJ UT WOS:000168179800012 PM 11244103 ER PT J AU Okagaki, RJ Kynast, RG Livingston, SM Russell, CD Rines, HW Phillips, RL AF Okagaki, RJ Kynast, RG Livingston, SM Russell, CD Rines, HW Phillips, RL TI Mapping maize sequences to chromosomes using oat-maize chromosome addition materials SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; LINKAGE MAPS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS; HYBRIDS; GENES; RICE AB Oat- (Avena sativa) maize (Zea mays) chromosome additions are produced by crossing maize and oat. During early embryo development maize chromosomes are preferentially eliminated and oat plants are often recovered that retain a single mai;e chromosome. Each of the 10 maize chromosomes recently? has been isolated as a separate oat-maize addition. We describe here the mapping of 400 maize sequences to chromosomes using polymerase chain reaction and DNA from the oat-maize addition material. Fifty of the sequences were from cloned markers that had been previously mapped by linkage analysis, and our results were consistent with those obtained using Southern-blot analysis. Preciously unmapped expressed sequence tags and sequence tagged sites (350) were mapped to chromosomes. Maize gene sequences and expression data are rapidly being accumulated. Coupling this information with positional information from high throughput mapping programs provides plant biologists powerful tools for identifying candidate genes of interest. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Okagaki, RJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 125 IS 3 BP 1228 EP 1235 DI 10.1104/pp.125.3.1228 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 423MJ UT WOS:000168179800013 PM 11244104 ER PT J AU Wang, S Ikediala, JN Tang, J Hansen, JD Mitcham, E Mao, R Swanson, B AF Wang, S Ikediala, JN Tang, J Hansen, JD Mitcham, E Mao, R Swanson, B TI Radio frequency treatments to control codling moth in in-shell walnuts SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radio frequency; quarantine and phytosanitary treatment; codling moth; walnuts; quality ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; INSECT CONTROL; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; TEMPERATURE; RANCIDITY; PRODUCTS; QUALITY; PESTS AB 'Diamond' Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in the shell were treated with radio frequency (RF) energy in a 27 MHz pilot-scale system to determine the treatment effect on third- and fourth-instar codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), mortality and walnut quality. After 2 and 3 min of RF treatments, infested in-shell walnuts were heated to 43 and 53 degreesC. The corresponding insect mortality reached 78.6 and 100%. The fatty acid (FA) concentration of treated walnuts was not affected by RF treatments. The FA Values were < 0.1% after accelerated storage times up to 30 days at 35C, simulating storage at 4 degreesC for up to 3 years. The effect of RF treatments on walnut oil peroxide values (PV) was not significant. The PV value of walnuts was less than 1.0 meq/kg (the upper limit for good quality walnuts), after 20 days storage at 35 degreesC that simulated 2 year storage at 4 degreesC. The PV was about 1.2 meg/kg after 30 days storage at 35 degreesC. RF treatments can, therefore, potentially provide an effective and rapid quarantine security protocol against codling moth larvae in walnuts as an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 27 TC 98 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 22 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00187-3 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 412UU UT WOS:000167573400004 ER PT J AU Byrd, JA Hargis, BM Caldwell, DJ Bailey, RH Herron, KL McReynolds, JL Brewer, RL Anderson, RC Bischoff, KM Callaway, TR Kubena, LF AF Byrd, JA Hargis, BM Caldwell, DJ Bailey, RH Herron, KL McReynolds, JL Brewer, RL Anderson, RC Bischoff, KM Callaway, TR Kubena, LF TI Effect of lactic acid administration in the drinking water during preslaughter feed withdrawal on Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; chicken; crop; lactic acid; Salmonella ID CROP EPITHELIUM; CHICKENS; LACTOBACILLI; CECA; HENS; FOWL AB The crop is a known source of Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination. We evaluated the use of selected organic acids (0.5% acetic, lactic, or formic) in drinking water during a simulated 8-h pretransport feed withdrawal (FW). Salmonella typhimurium was recovered from 53/100 control. crops and from 45/100 of crops from acetic acid-treated broilers. However, treatment with lactic acid (31/100) or formic acid (28/76) caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in incidence. Reductions of recovered incidence were also associated with reduced numbers of S. typhimurium recovered (e.g., control, log 1.45 cfu/crop; lactic acid, 0.79 cfu/crop). In an additional commercial farm study, broilers were provided 0.44% lactic acid during a 10-h FW (4 h on the farm and 6 h transport) and pre-FW crop, post-FW crop, and pre-chill carcass wash samples were collected for Campylobacter and Salmonella detection. Crop contamination with Salmonella was significantly reduced by lactic acid treatment (6/175) as compared with controls (29/175). Importantly, Salmonella isolation incidence in prechill carcass rinses was significantly reduced by 52.4% with the use of lactic acid (26/175 vs. 55/176). Crop contamination with Campylobacter was significantly reduced by lactic acid treatment (62.3%) as compared with the controls (85.1%). Lactic acid also reduced the incidence of Campylobacter found on pre-chill carcass rinses by 14.7% compared with the controls. These studies suggest that incorporation of lactic acid in the drinking water during pretransport FW may reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of crops and broiler carcasses at processing. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Vet Pathobiol & Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis Div, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Byrd, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 19 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 80 IS 3 BP 278 EP 283 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 411VX UT WOS:000167520900006 PM 11261556 ER PT J AU Young, LL Northcutt, JK Buhr, RJ Lyon, CE Ware, GO AF Young, LL Northcutt, JK Buhr, RJ Lyon, CE Ware, GO TI Effects of age, sex, and duration of postmortem aging on percentage yield of parts from broiler chicken carcasses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler yield; carcass aging; breast filet; chicken sex; chicken age ID LIVE PERFORMANCE; BREAST MUSCLE; STRAIN-CROSS; LYSINE; MEAT; PH AB The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of age, sex, and postmortem carcass aging duration on parts yield from broiler chickens. Two hundred twenty-four mixed-sex broilers were reared under commercial-like conditions for various periods between 37 and 51 d, slaughtered, packed in ice, and then aged for 0, 2, 4, or 6 h. Mean percentage yield of thighs, drumsticks, forequarters, wings, breasts, and filets were evaluated for each rearing period, sex, and postmortem aging duration. Yield of meatier parts such as thighs, forequarters, breasts, and filets increased with birds' ages. Female carcasses produced higher percentage yields of forequarters, breasts, and filers but lower yields of drumsticks. Carcasses aged 2 h or more postmortem tended to have lower yields of forequarters, breasts, and drumsticks than did carcasses aged for shorter durations. No statistically significant interactions among age, sex, or postmortem aging duration that affected yield of parts were detected. This information is useful to integrated poultry firms wishing to optimize yield of the most commercially valuable parts. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Young, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 80 IS 3 BP 376 EP 379 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 411VX UT WOS:000167520900020 PM 11261570 ER PT J AU Plantinga, AJ Alig, R Cheng, HT AF Plantinga, AJ Alig, R Cheng, HT TI The supply of land for conservation uses: evidence from the conservation reserve program SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE land; conservation; economic analyses ID ECONOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; CARBON; WETLANDS; QUALITY; FORESTS; COSTS AB From 1987 to 1990, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) operated similarly to a competitive market for conservation lands. Using CRP data on counties from this period, we estimate supply functions for conservation lands for nine US regions. The results allow regions to be grouped according to low (Mountain, North Plains), moderate (Cornbelt, Lake States, South Plains), and high (Appalachian, Delta States, Northeast. Southeast) costs based on acreage enrolled. In addition, they identify farmers' perceived opportunity costs of enrolling cropland in a conservation program. The results provide potentially useful information to CRP administrators following the recent reauthorization of the program and also yield insights into the costs of other land conservation efforts. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Plantinga, AJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0921-3449(00)00085-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397BX UT WOS:000166674400001 ER PT J AU Cavigelli, MA Robertson, GP AF Cavigelli, MA Robertson, GP TI Role of denitrifier diversity in rates of nitrous oxide consumption in a terrestrial ecosystem SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE denitrification; denitrifiers; microbial community function; microbial community structure; nitrous oxide ID RAINFALL EVENTS; SOIL BACTERIA; NITRIC-OXIDE; MODEL; BIODIVERSITY; REDUCTION; MICROORGANISMS; BURKHOLDERIA; METHODOLOGY; EVOLUTION AB The ecosystem consequences of microbial diversity are largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that soil microbial diversity influences ecosystem function by quantifying denitrification enzyme activity among denitrifying bacteria isolated from two geomorphically similar soils with significantly different in situ nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emission rates. We sampled soil from two southwest Michigan sites on the same soil series that differed in plant community composition and disturbance regime - a conventionally-tilled agricultural field and a never-tilled successional field. We isolated denitrifying bacteria from these soils, characterized them based on their fatty acid profiles, and compared denitrifier community composition for the two fields. For 31 representative isolates, we measured the sensitivity of nitrous oxide reductase (Nos) - which catalyzes the reduction of N(2)O to N(2) - to low oxygen concentrations. Of the 93 denitrifying bacteria isolated from the agricultural held and 63 from the successional field, fatty acid profiles suggested the presence of 27 denitrifying taxa with only 12 common to both soils. In each field type the four numerically dominant taxa were either rare or absent in the other field. In addition, we found substantial diversity in the sensitivity of isolate Nos enzymes to oxygen, indicating that the taxonomic diversity present among denitrifiers in these two soils is functionally significant. These results demonstrate a clear physiological basis for differences in denitrifier community function previously described (Cavigelli and Robertson, 2000. The functional significance of denitrifier community composition in a terrestrial ecosystem. Ecology 81, 229-241.) and indicate that differences in denitrifier community composition alone can potentially influence in situ N(2)O production. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Ctr Microbial Ecol, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. RP Cavigelli, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 001,Room 140, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cavigelm@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Robertson, G/H-3885-2011 OI Robertson, G/0000-0001-9771-9895 NR 66 TC 111 Z9 128 U1 4 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 297 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00141-3 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 406DF UT WOS:000167199100004 ER PT J AU Cardon, ZG Hungate, BA Cambardella, CA Chapin, FS Field, CB Holland, EA Mooney, HA AF Cardon, ZG Hungate, BA Cambardella, CA Chapin, FS Field, CB Holland, EA Mooney, HA TI Contrasting effects of elevated CO2 on old and new soil carbon pools SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; soil carbon; grassland; soil organic matter; decomposition; rhizodeposition; isotope ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; LOLIUM-PERENNE; NITROGEN; RHIZOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION; RESPIRATION; GRASSLANDS AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest reservoir of organic carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. Though the influence of increasing atmospheric CO2 on net primary productivity, on the flow of newly fixed carbon belowground, and on the quality of new plant litter in ecosystems has been examined, indirect effects of increased CO2 on breakdown of large SOC pools already in ecosystems are not well understood. We found that exposure of California grassland communities to elevated CO2 retarded decomposition of older SOC when mineral nutrients were abundant, thus increasing the turnover time of SOC already in the system. Under elevated CO2, soil microorganisms appeared to shift from consuming older SOC to utilizing easily degraded rhizodeposits derived from increased root biomass. In contrast to this increased retention of stabilized older SOC under elevated CO2. movement of newly fixed carbon from roots to stabilized SOC pools was retarded; though root biomass increased under elevated CO2, new carbon in mineral-bound pools decreased. These contrasting effects of elevated CO2 on dynamics of old and new soil carbon pools contribute to a new soil carbon equilibrium that could profoundly affect longterm net carbon movement between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cardon, ZG (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011; Cardon, Zoe/I-2119-2016; OI Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887; Cardon, Zoe/0000-0001-8725-7842; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 33 TC 112 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00151-6 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 406DF UT WOS:000167199100010 ER PT J AU Gomez, JA Giraldez, JV Fereres, E AF Gomez, JA Giraldez, JV Fereres, E TI Analysis of infiltration and runoff in an olive orchard under no-till SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DISK INFILTROMETER; CAPILLARY LENGTH; SOIL; EQUATION; MODELS; SCALE; FLOW AB Four infiltration techniques (falling head, ring, rainfall, and tension infiltrometer) were used to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity, K-s, and the wetting potential front, h(f), of the Green-Ampt model. Water release curves from soil cores were also used for estimating h(f). The objective was to compare the performance of the different techniques for the assessment of infiltration in a no-tillage olive (Olea europaea L, subsp, europaea) orchard. Measurements were performed in two areas of the orchard, below canopy (C) and interrow among trees (IR), With the exception of the tension infiltrometer, all techniques showed significant differences in K-s and h(f) between C and IR areas, attributed to different compaction. Differences in K-s among techniques were within the range observed previously. The h(f) estimated from the falling-head technique was significantly higher than that measured with the other techniques. The discrepancies in the results obtained with the tension infiltrometer were attributed to insufficient time of measurement, leading to recommendations for a different field procedure and analysis of this technique. To assess the use of the techniques described above for the characterization of plot infiltration, rainfall and runoff were measured in a 128-m(2) plot. A numerical model was then used to predict runoff using the infiltration measurements. The results showed that runoff prediction is improved when different values of K-s and h(f) are considered for the C and IR areas instead of a single average value. The numerical analysis of the effects of tree arrangement on runoff prediction from infiltration measurements indicated that if the trees were placed along the contour lines, runoff would decrease relative to the standard tree arrangement. C1 Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, MWA, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RP Fereres, E (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009; Gomez, Jose/F-5418-2011 OI Gomez, Jose/0000-0002-3457-8420 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NQ UT WOS:000169464300003 ER PT J AU Nizeyimana, EL Petersen, GW Imhoff, ML Sinclair, HR Waltman, SW Reed-Margetan, DS Levine, ER Russo, JM AF Nizeyimana, EL Petersen, GW Imhoff, ML Sinclair, HR Waltman, SW Reed-Margetan, DS Levine, ER Russo, JM TI Assessing the impact of land conversion to urban use on soils with different productivity levels in the USA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CITY LIGHTS; AGRICULTURAL LAND; UNITED-STATES; URBANIZATION; RESOURCES; FARMLAND AB There has been increased public concern in the USA over the longterm impact of urbanization on the available land used to produce food, feed, and fiber, Concern that urban use of highly productive soils may threaten our food security and sustainability has been debated for nearly three decades. This study was primarily initiated to compare different soil productivity classes in terms of areas and proportion of land converted to urban uses in the USA. The methodology consisted of analyzing data resulting from a geographic information system (GIS) overlay of urban land use maps derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime imagery and layers of potential soil productivity. Soil productivity distributions were obtained using the Soil Rating for Plant Growth (SRPG) model based primarily on soil and landscape parameters contained in the State Soil Geographic (STAT-SGO) database, Currently, the urban land use covers approximate to3% of the conterminous USA and is primarily on areas that were originally of low and moderate soil productivity. Only 6% of the total land under urbanization had consisted of highly productive soils. However, land with highly productive soils, roughly 3% of the total U,S, area, has a higher level of urbanization (5%) than that of any other soil productivity category. States differ in the areas and proportion of land converted to urban uses in each soil productivity class. These results are a first step in determining the current status of soil resources in relation to urbanization and should be interpreted according to the scale and resolution of data sources and assumptions made in the soil productivity modeling. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Environm Resources Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20772 USA. USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Stat Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ZedX Inc, Bellafonte, PA 16823 USA. RP Nizeyimana, EL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Agron, 101 Land & Water Res Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 42 TC 38 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 391 EP 402 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NQ UT WOS:000169464300017 ER PT J AU Ji, SN Unger, PW AF Ji, SN Unger, PW TI Soil water accumulation under different precipitation, potential evaporation, and straw mulch conditions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; WINTER-WHEAT; CROPPING SYSTEM; TILLAGE; RESIDUES AB Small precipitation amounts generally have low effectiveness for crop production in semiarid regions. Our objective was to determine potential evaporation (PE; 3, 6, or 12 mm d(-1)) and straw-mulch (0, 2, or 4 Mg ha(-1)) rate effects on water accumulation in Pullman (Torrertic Paleustoll, 37% clay) and Randall (Ustic Epiaquerts, 57% clay) soils when small amounts of water (simulated precipitation; 5, 10, or 20 mm) were applied. Water accumulation was affected in order by water-application amount > PE > mulch > soil clay content. Mulching at 2.0 and 4.0 Mg ha(-1) increased storage efficiency of 5-mm water applications by > 60 and 100%, respectively, in both soils when PE was 3 mm d(-1). With 5-mm water applications and 6 mm d(-1) PE, > 10% of applied water was stored in mulched soils, but not in bare soils. When PE was 12 mm d(-1) , little storage from 5-mm applications occurred in bare soils, but 3 to 6% storage occurred when the mulch rate was 4.0 Mg ha(-1). To obtain > 10% water storage when the PE rate was 12 mm d(-1), 10-mm water applications and a 2 Ms ha(-1) mulch rate were necessary, Evaporation rates were slightly higher for mulched soil than for bare soil in the late stage. Soil clay contents were correlated positively with accumulative evaporation in the late stage. Soil wetting depth increased with increases in mulch rates, Based on this study, straw mulching has potential for increasing soil water storage from small amounts of precipitation. C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NE Agr Univ, Dept Agron, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. RP Unger, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 18 TC 57 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 442 EP 448 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NQ UT WOS:000169464300022 ER PT J AU Gaston, LA Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN AF Gaston, LA Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN TI Spatial variability of soil properties and weed populations in the Mississippi Delta SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENCE; SORPTION; LAND AB Simulation models and precision agriculture practices may require more detail and certainty about soil spatial variability than provided by soil surveys. This study described soil and weed spatial variability in 50-ha subareas of two sites included in the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Areas project, Objectives were (i) to describe the spatial variability of soil properties and (ii) to determine relationships between spatially variable weed populations and soil properties, Surface soil samples were collected at nodes of 60-m square grids prior to planting cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L,) in 1996, Field-moist soil was analyzed for microbial activity. Air-dried soil was used to determine soil organic C, pH, and texture. Fluometuron and either clomazone, metolachlor, or noflurazon were banded over the crop row at planting, Weed counts were taken 6 wk after herbicide application. The spatial variability of soil properties and weed populations was described using geostatistics. Soil microbiological activity exhibited limited spatial dependence, but pH, organic C, and texture semi-variograms were well-described with spherical models. Although short-range (< 60 m) variability was often high, the range of spatial dependence typically exceeded 120 m, Total weeds were spatially dependent both years; however, weeds susceptible to control by herbicide were not. Weed densities were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in areas that had higher organic C and finer texture. Areas of low organic C and coarse soil often had no weeds. Thus, more uniform weed control might be achieved by varying preemergence herbicide application rate. Acceptable weed control might be achieved with lower herbicide application rates in certain areas. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, SWSRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Gaston, LA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 24 TC 49 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 449 EP 459 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NQ UT WOS:000169464300023 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, Y Rawls, WJ Gimenez, D AF Pachepsky, Y Rawls, WJ Gimenez, D TI Comparison of soil water retention at field and laboratory scales SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FRACTAL FRAGMENTATION; POROSITY AB Water content and soil water matric potential are measured in different soil volumes and st different spatial scales in the laboratory and in the field. The objective of this work was to use a large database to compare field and laboratory water retention. The database consisted of 135 datasets for soil horizons of various textures. Coarse-textured soils had the average difference between field and laboratory water contents close to zero. On the contrary, fine-textured soils with the sand content < 50% had field water contents substantially smaller than the laboratory water contents in the range of water contents from 0.45 to 0.60 cm(3) cm(-3) A quadratic regression explained 70% of variability in field water contents as computed from the laboratory data. A fractal scaling of the bulk density could contribute to the observed held-lab differences in volumetric water contents for the range of high water contents. C1 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), BARC W, Bldg 007 Rm 104, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Gimenez, Daniel/A-6193-2013; OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 460 EP 462 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NQ UT WOS:000169464300024 ER PT J AU Homann, PS Bormann, BT Boyle, JR AF Homann, PS Bormann, BT Boyle, JR TI Detecting treatment differences in soil carbon and nitrogen resulting from forest manipulations SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; WHOLE-TREE; NUTRIENT; FLOOR; POOLS; PLANTATION; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; STORAGE AB Forest management practices may alter soil properties, but experimental evaluation of treatment effects is often difficult because large soil variability yields poor statistical sensitivity. This study was conducted to determine if pretreatment soil sampling enhances our ability to detect treatment differences in pacific Northwest forests. We used statistical simulation and data from 271 pretreatment 30-cm-deep soil cores taken from 70- to 100-yr-oId post-fire Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb,) Franco] stands at the Siskiyou National Forest in southwestern Oregon. At this site, an unmanipulated control and six treatments of overstory species and woody debris are being established on 6-ha plots and replicated in three blocks. If only post-treatment measurements were made, the minimum detectable difference (MDD) between extreme treatments would be 26 to 57% of current soil C and N concentrations (g kg(-1)) and masses (kg m(-2)), with C generally having smaller relative MDDs than N, In contrast, if the differences between post- and pretreatment were evaluated, relative MDDs for C properties would remain the same, but those for N would decrease by as much as one-half because N has greater pretreatment variability among plots than C. Masses of C and N, which incorporate information about rock volume and either soil mass or bulk density, have relative MDDs as small as one-hair of those associated with concentrations. Evaluation of other sites is required to determine if these observations are consistent for forests in general and, thus, applicable to the design of sampling strategies in large-scale experiments. C1 Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm Studies, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Homann, PS (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm Studies, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 463 EP 469 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NQ UT WOS:000169464300025 ER PT J AU Chang, CW Laird, DA Mausbach, MJ Hurburgh, CR AF Chang, CW Laird, DA Mausbach, MJ Hurburgh, CR TI Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy-principal components regression analyses of soil properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; VARIABLES; MOISTURE; CARBON AB A fast and convenient soil analytical technique is needed for soil quality assessment and precision soil management. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict diverse soil properties, Near-infrared reflectance spectra, obtained from a Perstrop NIR Systems 6500 scanning monochromator (Foss NIRSystems, Silver Spring, MD), and 33 chemical, physical, and biochemical properties were studied for 802 soil samples collected from four Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs). Calibrations were based on principal component regression (PCR) using the first derivatives of optical density [log(YR)I for the 1300- to 2500-nm spectral range. Total C, total N, moisture, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), 1.5 MPa water, basal respiration rate, sand, silt, and Mehlich III extractable Ca were successfully predicted by NIRS (r(2) > 0.80). Some Mehlich III extractable metals (Fe, K, Mg, Mn) and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, and K), sum of exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, clay, potentially mineralizable N, total respiration rate, biomass C, and pH were also estimated by NIRS but with less accuracy (r(2) = 0.80 similar to0.50). The predicted results For aggregation (wt% > 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25 mm, and macroaggregation) were not reliable (r(2) = 0.46 similar to0.60). Mehlich III extractable Cu, P, and Zn, and exchangeable Na could not be predicted using the NIRS-PCR technique (r(2) < 0.50), The results indicate that NIRS can be used as a rapid analytical technique to simultaneously estimate several soil properties with acceptable accuracy in a very short time. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, NRCS, Soil Survey & Resource Assessment, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM laird@nstl.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 28 TC 634 Z9 685 U1 30 U2 227 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 480 EP 490 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NQ UT WOS:000169464300027 ER PT J AU Baker, TT Conner, WH Lockaby, BG Stanturf, JA Burke, MK AF Baker, TT Conner, WH Lockaby, BG Stanturf, JA Burke, MK TI Fine root productivity and dynamics on a forested floodplain in South Carolina SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SWAMP FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; TURNOVER; MINIRHIZOTRONS; WETLANDS; GROWTH; HYDROPERIOD; LITTERFALL AB The highly dynamic, fine root component of forested wetland ecosystems has received inadequate attention in the Literature. Characterizing fine root dynamics is a challenging endeavor in any system, but the difficulties are particularly evident in forested floodplains where frequent hydrologic fluctuations directly influence fine root dynamics, Fine root (less than or equal to3 mm) biomass, production, and turnover were estimated For three soils exhibiting different drainage patterns within a mixed-oak community on the Coosawhatchie River floodplain, Jasper County, South Carolina, Within a 45-cm-deep vertical profile, 74% of total fine root biomass was restricted to the upper 15 cm of the soil surface. Fine root biomass decreased as the soil became less well drained (e,g,, fine root biomass in well-drained soil > intermediately drained soil > poorly drained soil). Fine root productivity was measured for 1 yr using minirhizotrons and in situ screens, Both methods suggested higher fine root production in better drained soils but showed Frequent fluctuations in fine root growth and mortality, suggesting the need for frequent sampling at short intervals (e,g,, monthly) to accurately assess Fine root growth and turnover, Fine root production, estimated with in situ screens, was 1.5, 1.8, and 0.9 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in the well-drained, intermediately drained, and poorly drained soils, respectively, Results From minirhizotrons indicated that fine roots in well-drained soils grew to greater depths while fine roots in poorly drained soils were restricted to surface soils. Minirhizotrons also revealed that the distribution of fine roots among morphological classes changed between well-drained and poorly drained soils. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Coll Agr & Home Econ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Baruch Forest Sci Inst, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Baker, TT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Coll Agr & Home Econ, Box 30003,MSC 3AE, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 545 EP 556 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NQ UT WOS:000169464300034 ER PT J AU Timlin, D Pachepsky, Y Walthall, C Loechel, S AF Timlin, D Pachepsky, Y Walthall, C Loechel, S TI The use of a water budget model and yield maps to characterize water availability in a landscape SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE available water; crop yield; model; spatial variability; precision agriculture; genetic algorithm ID CORN GRAIN-YIELD; CROP YIELD; VARIABILITY; IRRIGATION; STRESS AB Crop yield maps may contain substantial corollary information regarding the distribution of yield related soil properties across a landscape. One of these properties is water holding capacity (WHC). Since WHC is an important parameter for crop models and is also critical for crop yield, our objective was to determine if WHC could be estimated by matching simulated yield with yield map data. We collected soil cores for water retention measurements and recorded plant phenological stages from 60 plots on four transects over two growing seasons (1997 and 1998), Soil cores were also sampled on 40 other locations set out on a grid pattern. We utilized a simple water budget model that uses the relative transpiration ratio to calculate relative yield from available water in the soil profile. Rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and soil water holding capacity are input. An optimization program varies the WHC to produce a grain yield similar to the one from the yield map at a particular location. This analysis was carried out over several scales by averaging yields over 55 m x 71 m, 27 m x 35 m, and 11 m x 14 m areas. Yield data from 2 years were used. Yields from the transects in both years were significantly related to measured WHC in the surface 0-10 cm of soil. The calculated stress indices from the water budget model and estimated available WHC calculated for the 1997 data were similar to those calculated for the 1998 data where data were aggregated in 27 by 35 m or larger blocks. The contour map of estimated WHC was similar to the map of measured WHC for some features though there were also some differences. Use of multiple years of yield data are required to give stable results for estimated water holding capacities.. This information could be used in a farm management plan by allowing a producer to classify a field into areas that are buffered against drought and areas more susceptible to drought. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Timlin, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 116,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dtimlin@asrr.arsusda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00170-7 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 413LB UT WOS:000167612700011 ER PT J AU Li, H Lascano, RJ Booker, J Wilson, LT Bronson, KF AF Li, H Lascano, RJ Booker, J Wilson, LT Bronson, KF TI Cotton lint yield variability in a heterogeneous soil at a landscape scale SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE landscape-scale; soil heterogeneity; water; NO3-N; cotton lint yield; N uptake; clay; site elevation; state-space analysis ID STATE-SPACE APPROACH; GRAIN-YIELD; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; POSITION; FIELD; WHEAT; CORN AB Landscape variability associated with topographic features affects the spatial pattern of soil water and N redistribution, and thus N uptake and crop yield. A landscape-scale study was conducted in a center pivot irrigated field on the southern High Plains of Texas in 1999 to assess soil water, soil NO3-N, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lint yield, and N uptake variability in the landscape, and to determine the spatial correlation between these landscape variables using a state-space approach. The treatments were irrigation at 50 and 75% cotton potential evapotranspiration (ET). Neutron access tubes were placed at a 15-m interval along a 710 m (50% ET) and 820 m (75% ET) transect across the field. Soil NO3-N in early spring was autocorrelated at a distance varying between 60 and 80 m. Measured soil volumetric water content (WC), total N uptake, and lint yield were generally higher on lower landscape positions. Cotton lint yield was significantly correlated to soil WC (r = 0.76), soil NO3- N (r = 0.35), and site elevation (r = -0.54). Differences of site elevation between local neighboring points explained the soil water, NO3-N and lint yield variability at the micro-scale level in the landscape. Soil WC, cotton lint yield, N uptake, and clay content were crosscorrelated with site elevation across a lag distance of +/-30-40 m. The state-space analysis showed that cotton lint yield was positively weighted on soil WC availability and negatively weighted on site elevation. Cotton lint yield state-space models give insights on the association of soil physical and chemical properties, lint yield, and landscape processes, and have the potential to improve water and N management at the landscape-scale. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Lascano, RJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Rt 3,Box 219, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00172-0 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 413LB UT WOS:000167612700013 ER PT J AU Burd, JD Shufran, KA Elliott, NC French, BW Prokrym, DA AF Burd, JD Shufran, KA Elliott, NC French, BW Prokrym, DA TI Recovery of imported hymenopterous parasitoids released to control Russian wheat aphids (Homoptera : Aphididae) in Colorado SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID APHELINUS-ASYCHIS; APHIDIIDAE AB From 1991 through 1993 exotic parasitoids of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), were released in eastern Colorado in an attempt to establish natural enemies for biological control in small grain agroecosystems. Seven species, Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima, Aphelinus asychis Walker. Aphelinus varipes (Forester). Aphidius colemani (Viereck), Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Diaereriella rapae (M'Intosh), and Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), from D. noxia's aboriginal home of Eurasia were introduced into aphid-infested wheat fields. Three years later, three aphelinid species A. albipodus, A. asychis, and A. varipes, and a putative Chinese strain of D. rapae, have become established over a six state region. A. albipodus, A. varipes, and D. rapae were also recovered from greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), on sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. A. albipodus and D. rapae successfully parasitized D. noxia on several non-cultivated grasses that serve as oversummering hosts. Summaries of parasitoid recoveries and their host and plant species associations are discussed. C1 ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Burd, JD (reprint author), ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Lab, USDA, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 427JC UT WOS:000168400200003 ER PT J AU French, BW Elliott, NC Kindler, SD Arnold, DC AF French, BW Elliott, NC Kindler, SD Arnold, DC TI Seasonal occurrence of aphids and natural enemies in wheat and associated crops SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DIAERETIELLA-RAPAE HYMENOPTERA; CROPPING SYSTEMS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; PARASITOIDS; APHIDIIDAE; PREDATORS; POPULATIONS; HOMOPTERA; COTTON; GRAIN AB We monitored experimental plantings of winter wheat and 12 other grain and forage crops for aphids and aphid natural enemies throughout the growing season of each crop for three years. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Prescott), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and winter canola (Brassica napus L.) hosted aphids and predators and parasitoids of cereal aphids during summer months. Winter canola also harbored aphids and predators and parasitoids cereal aphids during autumn and winter. Legumes harbored aphids and natural enemies nearly the entire year. However, parasitoids that attacked aphids in legumes did not parasitize cereal aphids in winter wheat except for the English grain aphid. Sitobion avenae (F.), which was an uncommon species in winter wheat. C1 ARS, USDA, PSWCRL, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NGIRL, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 14 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 427JC UT WOS:000168400200005 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, JD Sandvol, LE Jaronski, ST Jackson, MA Souza, EJ Halbert, SE AF Vandenberg, JD Sandvol, LE Jaronski, ST Jackson, MA Souza, EJ Halbert, SE TI Efficacy of fungi for control of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) in irrigated wheat SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; CEREAL APHIDS; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; BLASTOSPORES; REGISTRATION; FORMULATION; HYMENOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA AB Field plots of irrigated spring and winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in southeastern Idaho, were infested with the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and later treated with spores of Brauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin or Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith at rates of 2.5 or 5 x 10(13) spores/ha. Small plots (1.4 to 6.6 m(2)) were treated with a backpack sprayer in 1995-1998 and large plots (470 m(2)) were treated using an overhead irrigation system in 1997 and 1998. In 1995, Russian wheat aphid densities rose to an average of over 120 Russian wheat aphids per tiller in control plots compared to an average of less than 30 Russian wheat aphids per tiller in all fungus-treated plots 33 days after the first treatment. Smaller, significant reductions were observed within 14 days of treatment with B. bassiana in 1996 and 1997. Low Russian wheat aphid infestation rates, averaging less than 1 Russian wheat aphid per tiller, made significant differences impossible to detect. Significant reductions in both Russian wheat aphid densities and the percentage of tiller infestation were observed in large-plot experiments two weeks after application of a high rate of B. bassiana in spring (1997) and winter wheat (1998). Fungus-treated Russian wheat aphids suffered 32-83% mycosis when field-treated tillers were incubated in the laboratory. Persistence of fungal inocula of either species, measured by estimating CFUs obtained from washed leaf segments, decreased by 10- to 1000-fold within 3 to 5 days. C1 ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Mycotech Corp, Butte, MT 59701 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. FDACS Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Vandenberg, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 427JC UT WOS:000168400200007 ER PT J AU Bao, GP Kronick, PL Marmer, WN AF Bao, GP Kronick, PL Marmer, WN TI Nondestructive measurement of mechanical properties of wool fabrics by an acoustic emission method SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The mechanical properties of textiles are important because they define many of the performance characteristics of end-products. Stress-strain tests are commonly used to measure tensile properties, but stress-strain curves of woven textiles are monotonic up to the breaking point and provide little information about events during stretching. We use acoustic emission spectroscopy to characterize the mechanical properties of a wide variety of materials, including some textiles. We investigate the mechanical properties of two woolen fabrics, correlating the stress-strain curves with acoustic emission events. Our results indicate that cumulative acoustic emission is a nondestructive indicator of incipient fabric damage and can be used as a quality control test in fabric manufacturing. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bao, GP (reprint author), Chas W House & Sons Inc, 19 Perry St, Unionville, CT 06085 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 71 IS 3 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 408MN UT WOS:000167330100011 ER PT J AU Ni, J Colowit, PM Oster, JJ Xu, K Mackill, DJ AF Ni, J Colowit, PM Oster, JJ Xu, K Mackill, DJ TI Molecular markers linked to stem rot resistance in rice SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE rice; Oryza sativa; AFLP; microsatellite; disease resistance ID ORYZA-SATIVA L; SCLEROTIUM-ORYZAE; AFLP MARKERS; POLYMORPHISM; CALIFORNIA; CULTIVARS; GENOME; LINES AB Stem rot (Sclerotium oryzae) is an important disease constraint in Californian rice production. Measurement of resistance is laborious, and the low heritability of the trait limits the effectiveness of selection in breeding programs. Molecular markers linked to the trait would therefore provide a superior selection screen to assist in transferring resistance into improved cultivars. The genetics of resistance to stem rot was studied in the germplasm line 87-Y-550 (PI566666), which inherited its resistance from the wild species Oryza rufipogon. Four crosses of 87-Y-550 with susceptible lines were made and recombinant inbred lines of only the most-resistant and most-susceptible progeny within each cross were advanced for late-generation testing. Approximately 900 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) primer combinations were applied to resistant and susceptible bulks within each cross. One AFLP marker showed significant association with stem rot resistance and accounted for approximately 45.0% of the phenotypic variation in 59 progenies. This marker was mapped on rice chromosome 2 between the RFLP markers RZ166 and RG139 by using F-2-reference population information. The accuracy of AFLP marker mapping was validated by size and sequence comparison of AFLP bands from 87-Y-550 and the reference population. With the strategy of selective genotyping combined with a parental survey, two microsatellite markers, RM232 and RM251, on chromosome 3 were also found associated with stem rot resistance and accounted for 41.1% and 37.9% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The multiple linear regression model included TAA/GTA167 on chromosome 2 and RM232 on chromosome 3 and cumulatively explained 49.3% of total variation. The molecular markers linked to stem rot resistance should facilitate selection for this recalcitrant trait in rice breeding programs by eliminating the need for early generation screening. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Cooperat Rice Res Fdn, Biggs, CA 95917 USA. RP Mackill, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 102 IS 4 BP 511 EP 516 DI 10.1007/s001220051675 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 414KL UT WOS:000167665500008 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Wanous, MK Houchins, K Milla, MAR Goicoechea, PG Wang, Z Xie, M Gustafson, JP AF Ma, XF Wanous, MK Houchins, K Milla, MAR Goicoechea, PG Wang, Z Xie, M Gustafson, JP TI Molecular linkage mapping in rye (Secale cereale L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE rye; linkage map; RFLP; segregation distortion; microsatellite ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; GENETIC-LINKAGE; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; DNA-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN LOCI; RFLP MAPS; C-BANDS; GENOME; RECOMBINATION AB A rye linkage map containing clones from rye, wheat, barley, oat and rice genomic and cDNA libraries, known-function genes and microsatellite markers, was created using an F-2 population consisting of 110 F-2-derived F-3 families. Both co-dominant and dominant markers were added to the map. Of all probes screened, 30.8% were polymorphic, and of those polymorphic 79.3% were mapped. The current map contains 184 markers present in all seven linkage groups covering only 727.3 cM. This places a marker about every 3.96 cM on average throughout the map; however, large gaps are still present. The map contains 60 markers that have been integrated from previous rye maps. Surprisingly, no markers were placed between the centromere and C1-1RS in the short arm of 1R. The short arm of chromosome 4 also lacked an adequate number of polymorphic markers. The population showed a remarkable degree of segregation distortion (72.8%). In addition, the genetic distance observed in rye was found to be very different among the maps created by different mapping populations. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Augustana Coll, Dept Biol, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA. CIMA, Granja Modelo, Vitoria 01080, Spain. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Rodriguez, Miguel/L-7340-2014; Goicoechea, Pablo/O-8276-2015 OI Rodriguez, Miguel/0000-0002-2640-5888; Goicoechea, Pablo/0000-0002-5558-1098 NR 54 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 102 IS 4 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1007/s001220051676 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 414KL UT WOS:000167665500009 ER PT J AU Solaiman, D Jonah, MM Miyazaki, W Ho, G Bhattacharyya, MH AF Solaiman, D Jonah, MM Miyazaki, W Ho, G Bhattacharyya, MH TI Increased metallothionein in mouse liver, kidneys, and duodenum during lactation SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE metallothionein; cadmium exposure; environmental cadmium; lactation; liver; kidneys; duodenum; mouse ID PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED CHANGES; CADMIUM-METALLOTHIONEIN; GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; RENAL TOXICITY; DEFICIENT DIET; RAT-LIVER; MICE; ZINC; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE AB Lactation-induced increases in cadmium absorption and retention have been demonstrated in mid-lactating mice, but no systematic measurements of endogenous metal-binding protein concentrations during lactation have been reported. Using Cd/hemoglobin radioassay, this study detected significant increases in metallothionein (MT) concentrations in liver (4-fold), kidneys (2-fold), and duodenum (2-fold), but not jejunum, of mouse dams on days 13 and 20 of lactation. These increases occurred in the absence of cadmium exposure and were specific to the lactation period; dams 5 days after weaning showed MT levels that were similar to those of nonpregnant (NP) mice. Similarly, Northern blot analyses of livers from lactating mice demonstrated that MT mRNA concentrations in maternal liver during mid-lactation were 6-fold higher than those observed 5 days after pups were weaned. Gel filtration of final supernatants from the Cd/hemoglobin assay confirmed that the Cd-binding molecule induced during lactation was indeed metallothionein. In addition, chromatographic analyses of cytosols from tissues taken from dams administered small amounts of Cd (66 ng/mouse) showed that the trace amounts of Cd absorbed through the maternal gastrointestinal tract during mid-lactation were also bound to the MT. These results indicate MT induction in mouse dams occurs as a physiological consequence of lactation, requiring no external stimulus. This induced MT participates in binding low levels of dietary cadmium consumed by the dam. During lactation, elevated maternal MT may affect pathways for essential trace metals as well as sequester toxic metals harmful to the neonate. Multiparous humans may have increased risk of accumulating environmental Cd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. Dominican Univ, Dept Nat Sci, River Forest, IL 60305 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, MH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 07398] NR 57 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 60 IS 1 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1093/toxsci/60.1.184 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 407HY UT WOS:000167267200022 PM 11222885 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, G TI Analytical methods used in the production and fuel quality assessment of biodiesel SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; chromatographic methods; fiber-optic probe; fuel quality; gas chromatography; gel permeation chromatography; high-performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; near-infrared spectroscopy; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; physical properties; spectroscopic methods; transesterification; viscometry ID OIL METHYL-ESTERS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; TRANSESTERIFIED VEGETABLE-OILS; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; FREE GLYCEROL; RAPESEED OIL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESTERIFIED STEROLS; CAPILLARY GC; DIESEL AB Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from vegetable oil, animal fats, or waste vegetable oils, is obtained by reacting the oil or fat with an alcohol (transesterification) in the presence of a basic catalyst to give the corresponding mono-alkyl esters. Two major categories of methods besides other miscellaneous ones have been reported in the literature for assessing biodiesel fuel quality, and/or monitoring the transesterification reaction by which biodiesel is produced. The two major categories comprise chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. This article considers the various methods in each category, including advantages and drawbacks, and offers suggestions on selection of appropriate methods. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 40 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 467UX UT WOS:000170723100002 ER PT J AU Yang, C Everitt, JH Bradford, JM AF Yang, C Everitt, JH Bradford, JM TI Comparisons of uniform and variable rate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applications for grain sorghum SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE grain sorghum; precision agriculture; profitability; variable rate applicator; yield monitor AB Variable rate fertilizer application has the potential to improve fertilizer use efficiency, increase economic returns, and reduce environmental impacts. This study was designed to examine differences in Weld and economic returns between uniform and variable rate fertilizer applications. During the 1997 and 1998 growing seasons, a variable rate applicator, capable of varying two liquid fertilizers simultaneously, was used to evaluate three fertility strategies: conventional uniform N, uniform N and P, and variable rate N and P. The three treatments were assigned in six blocks within three 14-ha grain sorghum fields (two blocks in each field) in a randomized complete block design. Thirty-six soil samples were taken in a staggered systematic grid from each field, and levels of soil nutrients were determined. Application rate maps for the variable rate N and P treatment were generated based on a fixed yield goal and site-specific soil N and P levels across the experimental plots, while application rates for the uniform N and P treatment were calculated from the same yield goal and average soil N and P levels for all three fields. Yield monitor data indicated that the variable rate treatment resulted in significantly higher yields than the uniform N and P treatment for both. years (400 kg/ha higher in 1997 and 338 kg/ha higher in 1998). Moreover, coefficients of variation of yield monitor data for the variable rate treatment were smaller than those for the two uniform rate treatments. A simple economic analysis showed that the variable rate treatment had positive relative economic returns over the uniform N and P treatment ($27/ha in 1997 and $23/ha in 1998). However, if additional costs for soil sampling, equipment, and data analysis associated with variable rate application were considered, these returns would be much lower or even negative. These results showed that variable rate fertilization can increase yield, reduce yield variability, and improve economic returns. More experiments are needed to evaluate the long-term agronomic, economic, and environmental viability of variable rate technology, in the Rio Grande Valley, of south Texas. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 467UX UT WOS:000170723100003 ER PT J AU Ucar, T Fox, RD Ozkan, HE Brazee, RD AF Ucar, T Fox, RD Ozkan, HE Brazee, RD TI Simulation of jet agitation in sprayer tanks: Comparison of predicted and measured water velocities SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CFD; simulation; mixing; sprayers; water velocity; hot-film anemometers ID MODEL; FLOW AB FLUENT, a computational fluid dynamics program, was used to investigate flow movements in sprayer tanks with hydraulic jet agitators. Two- and three-dimensional simulations were carried out utilizing single-phase (liquid phase only) and multiphase (solids particles in liquid) models. Earlier experimental studies of agitation effectiveness identified important factors affecting agitation effectiveness. This study was initiated to evaluate simulation as a tool in sprayer agitation system design. Interpretations of the flow field predictions supported previous measurements that determined system pressure to be the most influential factor on agitation effectiveness due to the direct relationship between pressure and jet velocity. Multiphase predictions of particle deposit amounts at the tank bottom were not feasible due to the computational demand of the model, which was an attempt to simulate three-dimensional turbulent flows with solid-liquid mixtures. Quantitative verification of single-phase simulations was accomplished by velocity measurements using hot-film sensors in a sprayer tank. Velocities were measured at 9 locations within the sprayer tank, and 12 jet agitation simulations were used. There were 118 of the 144 measured velocities within 50% of velocities predicted by FLUENT, and 120 of 144 measured velocities were within 0.2 m/s of predicted values. FLUENT-generated values tended to be greater than measured velocities near the top of the tank, and FLUENT velocities were always less than measured velocities at a position near the center of the tank. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Yuzuncu Yil, Fac Agr, Van, Turkey. Ohio State Univ, FABE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Fox, RD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Agr Engn Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 467UX UT WOS:000170723100006 ER PT J AU Shinde, D Savabi, MR Nkedi-Kizza, P Vazquez, A AF Shinde, D Savabi, MR Nkedi-Kizza, P Vazquez, A TI Modeling transport of atrazine through calcareous soils from South Florida SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE sorption; transport; non-equilibrium; models; water pesticides; tracers ID SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; AGGREGATED OXISOL; MASS-TRANSFER; PESTICIDE; SORPTION; DEGRADATION AB A study was carried out on water and pesticide transport in three calcareous soils (Perrine, Krome, and Chekika) of South Florida. Tritium and bromide were used as tracers for water flow and atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) was used as a probe chemical representing neutral organic compounds. Atrazine sorption isotherms were linear for all soils, and atrazine transport through water-saturated soil columns during steady waterflow exhibited chemical non-equilibrium for Perrine and Krome soils columns. Apart from non-equilibrium chemical sorption, Chekika soil columns also had an added effect of mobile and immobile water zones that induced physical non-equilibrium during water movement. Simulation of leaching data revealed that the Convective-Dispersive Equilibrium (CDE) model could describe tracer breakthrough curves (BTCs) for Perrine and Krome soils, and the Two Site Non-Equilibrium (TSNE) model described atrazine BTCs. However tracer BTCs from Chekika soil were described by the Two Region Non-Equilibrium (TRNE) model. None of the non-equilibrium models could describe atrazine BTCs obtained from Chekika soil due to the presence of both physical and chemical non-equilibrium in the system. C1 USDA ARS, Everglades Agrohydrol Res Project, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Savabi, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Everglades Agrohydrol Res Project, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 251 EP 258 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 467UX UT WOS:000170723100009 ER PT J AU Bakhsh, A Kanwar, RS Jaynes, DB Colvin, TS Ahuja, LR AF Bakhsh, A Kanwar, RS Jaynes, DB Colvin, TS Ahuja, LR TI Simulating effects of variable nitrogen application rates on corn yields and NO3-N losses in subsurface drain water SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RZWQM98; calibration; validation; N-scenario simulation ID FIELD-MEASURED DATA; QUALITY MODEL; NITRATE-NITROGEN; TILE DRAINAGE; ZONE; TRANSPORT; IOWA; MANAGEMENT; COMPONENT; GLEAMS AB Using a model as a management tool requires testing of the model against field-measured data prior to its application for solving natural resource problems. This study was conducted to test the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM98) using four years (1996 to 1999) of field-measured data to simulate the effects of different N-application rates on corn yields and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) losses via subsurface drain water Three N-application rates (low, medium, and high), each replicated three times, were applied to corn in 1996 and 1998 under a randomized complete block design at a tile-drained corn-soybean rotation field near Story City, Iowa. No N-fertilizer was applied to soybean in 1997 and 1999. Model calibration and evaluation were based on field measurements of the flows, NO3-N losses in tile water and corn-soybean yields. On average, the model simulated tile flow, NO3-N losses in tile water, and yields by showing a percent difference of -8%, 15%, and -4%, respectively, between measured and simulated values. The simulated yield response function showed that corn grain yields reached a plateau level when the N-application rate exceeded 200 kg-N/ha in 1996 and 170 kg-N/ha in 1998. These results suggest that RZWQM has the potential to simulate the effects of N-application rates on corn yields and NO3-N losses with tile water However, the model overestimated NO3-N losses in subsurface drainage water during the soybean growth period, which may require further refinements in the N-cycling algorithm in relation to N-2-fixation and N-uptake processes. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Bakhsh, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 125B Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 269 EP 276 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 467UX UT WOS:000170723100011 ER PT J AU Jin, CX Romkens, MJM AF Jin, CX Romkens, MJM TI Experimental studies of factors in determining sediment trapping in vegetative filter strips SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE vegetative filter strips; sediment trapping ID BUFFER STRIPS; RUNOFF; REMOVAL; PERFORMANCE; FEEDLOT AB Sediment trapping in vegetative filter strips (VFS) was studied in a laboratory flume with simulated vegetative filter strips (VFS) of different densities, flume slopes, flow rates, sediment materials, and concentrations. Results showed that VFS density, flume slope, and sediment particle size are the major factors in determining sediment deposition. Flow rate had a minor effect, and sediment concentration hardly affected sediment deposition. The trapping process varies with time according to a three-parameter exponential relationship with the parameters related to the bristle densities and flume slope. Trapping efficiency increases with vegetation density and decreases with slope. When the VFS density increased from 2,500 to 10,000 bunches/m(2) the trapping efficiency increased by about 45%. As slope increased to 4% or 6%, the VFS with densities of 2,500 and 10,000 bunches/m(2) failed to trap sediment. Over 80% of the sediment trapped by the VFS deposited in the approach channel to the VFS and in the upper half of the VFS. Most of the deposited sediment particles were larger than 150 mum in diameter. As the slope increased, deposition moved downstream and deposited sediment became larger. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Jin, CX (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 1390 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 277 EP 288 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 467UX UT WOS:000170723100012 ER PT J AU Arnold, JW Boothe, DH Bailey, GW AF Arnold, JW Boothe, DH Bailey, GW TI Parameters of treated stainless steel surfaces important for resistance to bacterial contamination SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE stainless steel; electropolishing; atomic force microscopy; biofilm; poultry processing ID MYXOCOCCUS-XANTHUS AB Use of materials that are resistant to bacterial contamination could enhance food safety during processing. Common finishing treatments of stainless steel surfaces used for components of poultry processing equipment were tested for resistance to bacterial attachment. Surface characteristics were evaluated to determine factors important for resistance. Disks of stainless steel were steel-ball burnished, glass-beaded, electropolished, acid-dipped, sandblasted, or left untreated. After treatment, the disks were incubated with bacteria from chicken carcass rinses. Bacterial growth during surface exposure was monitored by spectrophotometry, and bacterial counts were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of the surfaces was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), using disks from each of the treatments in the SEM studies. Changes in root mean square (RMS) roughness, center line average, bearing ratio/area, and other measurements corresponded to changes in bacterial contamination. Electropolished stainless steel showed fewer bacteria and biofilm formations than the other surfaces. The elemental composition of the surface was not changed by electropolishing. This article is the first to show that AFM is a rapid method for predicting the potential resistance of a surface to bacterial contamination. These results will aid manufacturers and processors in comparing and selecting finishes that are cost-effective and resistant to contamination. C1 USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, NERL, Athens, GA USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, ARS, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 347 EP 356 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 467UX UT WOS:000170723100019 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Retzlaff, WA AF Grulke, NE Retzlaff, WA TI Changes in physiological attributes of ponderosa pine from seedling to mature tree SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on The Ponderosa Pine Ecosystem and Environmental Stress: Past, Present and Furture held in Conjunction with the Annual Air Pollution Workshop CY 1999 CL CORVALLIS, OREGON DE gas exchange; growth rates; mature trees; ontogenetic changes; TREGRO; whole tree biomass ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER RELATIONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; OZONE; ALLOCATION; FOREST; CARBON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH AB Plant physiological models are generally parameterized from many different sources of data, including chamber experiments and plantations, from seedlings to mature trees. We obtained a comprehensive data set fora natural stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and used these data to parameterize the physiologically based model, TREGRO. Representative trees of each of five tree age classes were selected based on population means of morphological, physiological, and nearest neighbor attributes. Differences in key physiological attributes (gas exchange, needle chemistry, elongation growth, needle retention) among the tree age classes were tested. Whole-tree biomass and allocation were determined for seedlings, saplings, and pole-sized trees. Seasonal maxima and minima of gas exchange were similar across all tree age classes. Seasonal minima and a shift to more efficient water use were reached one month earlier in seedlings than in older trees because of decreased soil water availability in the rooting zone of the seedlings. However, carbon isotopic discrimination of needle cellulose indicated increased water-use efficiency with increasing tree age. Seedlings had the lowest needle and branch elongation biomass growth. The amount of needle elongation growth was highest for mature trees and amount of branch elongation growth was highest for saplings. Seedlings had the highest biomass allocation to roots, saplings had the highest allocation to foliage, and pole-sized trees had the highest allocation to woody tissues. Seedlings differed significantly from pole-sized and older trees in most of the physiological traits tested. Predicted changes in biomass with tree age, simulated with the model TREGRO, closely matched those of trees in a natural stand to 30 years of age. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. So Illinois Univ, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 46 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 5 BP 275 EP 286 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 417NQ UT WOS:000167841400003 PM 11262919 ER PT J AU Tausz, M Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Wonisch, A Grill, D AF Tausz, M Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Wonisch, A Grill, D TI Multivariate patterns of biochemical responses of Pinus ponderosa trees at field plots in the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on The Ponderosa Pine Ecosystem and Environmental Stress: Past, Present and Furture held in Conjunction with the Annual Air Pollution Workshop CY 1999 CL CORVALLIS, OREGON DE alpha-tocopherol; antioxidative defense patterns; ascorbate; field sites; glutathione; multivariate analysis; oxidative stress; pigments; xanthophyll cycle ID NORWAY SPRUCE TREES; PICEA-ABIES; ALPHA-CAROTENE; HIGH-ALTITUDES; ASCORBIC-ACID; BETA-CAROTENE; NEEDLES; STRESS; PHOTOPROTECTION; DEPOSITION AB Most environmental stress conditions promote the production of potentially toxic active oxygen species in plant cells. Plants respond with changes in their antioxidant and photoprotective systems. Antioxidants and pigments have been widely used to measure these responses. Because trees are exposed to multiple man-made and natural stresses, their responses are not reflected by changes in single stress markers, but by complex biochemical changes. To evaluate such response patterns, explorative multivariate statistics have been used. In the present study, 12 biochemical variables (chloroplast pigments, state of the xanthophyll cycle, alpha -tocopherol, ascorbate and dehydroascorbate, glutathione and oxidized glutathione) were measured in previous-year needles of field-grown Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. The trees were sampled in two consecutive years in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California, where a pollution gradient is overlaid by gradients in natural stresses (drought, altitude). To explore irradiance effects, needle samples were taken directly in the field (sun exposed) and from detached, dark-adapted branches. A principal component analysis on this data set (n = 80) resulted in four components (Components 1-4) that explained 67% of the variance in the original data. Component 1 was positively loaded by concentrations of alpha -tocopherol, total ascorbate and xanthophyll cycle pools, as well as by the proportion of de-epoxides in the xanthophyll cycle. It was negatively loaded by the proportion of dehydroascorbate in the ascorbate pool. Component 2 was negatively loaded by chlorophyll concentrations, and positively loaded by the ratios of lutein and beta -carotene to chlorophyll and by the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle. Component 3 was negatively loaded by GSH concentrations and positively loaded by the proportions of GSSG and tocopherol concentrations. Component 4 was positively loaded by neoxanthin and negatively loaded by beta -carotene. The four components could be assigned to the concerted action of the biochemical protection system: high scores on Component 1 represent highly activated antioxidative defense, changes in pigment composition are represented in Components 2 and 4, and the glutathione system, which is important for antioxidant regeneration, is represented in Component 2. Although Component 1 scores were generally higher (indicating activation of antioxidant defense) in light-adapted needles relative to dark-adapted needles, they were also site dependent with increased scores at sites with less pollution, but higher natural stress impacts. High scores of Components 2 and 3 at the highest elevation site, which was only moderately polluted, indicated an increase in photoprotection by pigments and activation of the glutathione system. Significant differences between light- and dark-adapted needles in Components 2 and 3 were only found at the site with the highest pollution. Use of accumulated variables (components) instead of single biochemical variables enabled recognition of response patterns at particular sites and a better comparison with results of other studies is expected. Typical response patterns could be assigned to particular environmental stress combinations, providing a means of assessing potential biological risks within individual forest stands. C1 Graz Univ, Inst Pflanzenphysiol, A-8010 Graz, Austria. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Tausz, M (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Pflanzenphysiol, Schubertstr 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Tausz, Michael /C-1990-2013 OI Tausz, Michael /0000-0001-8205-8561 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 5 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 417NQ UT WOS:000167841400008 PM 11262924 ER PT J AU Connor, KF Bonner, FT AF Connor, KF Bonner, FT TI The effects of desiccation on seeds of Acer saccharinum and Aesculus pavia: recalcitrance in temperate tree seeds SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Aesculus pavia; Acer saccharinum; seed storage; recalcitrance; moisture content ID QUERCUS-ROBUR L; SOYBEAN SEEDS; VIABILITY RETENTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; LANDOLPHIA-KIRKII; TISSUE WATER; AXES; SENSITIVITY; GERMINATION; TOLERANCE AB This study was undertaken to determine how the results from lipid, moisture, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses conducted on silver maple (Aceraceae: Acer saccharinum L.) and red buckeye (Hippocastanaceae: Aesculus pavia L.) compared with those obtained from previous studies on white and water oaks (Fagaceae: Quercus alba and e. nigra), and the tropical zone species American muskwood (Meliaceae: Guarea guidonia) and carapa (Meliaceae: Carapa guianensis). Seeds were air-dried at room temperature for 9-11 days. At intervals, germination was tested, moisture determined, and lipids extracted. It was found that, like the other recalcitrant seeds, (1) viability was greatly reduced or lost after 11 days of drying, (2) percentage changes in individual fatty acids were not related to seed viability, and (3) results from the differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed a strong relationship between enthalpy/onset data from the embryo and cotyledon tissues and loss of viability. Also, silver maple seeds experienced a 50% reduction in viability by day 5 of drying and retained an axis moisture content over 25% throughout the experiment. However, unlike the other recalcitrant seeds surveyed, both silver maple and red buckeye had a significant reduction in the total amount (mg/g) of cotyledon lipids as the experiment progressed. However, no decrease in the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio was found, so we conclude that in these species lipid peroxidation is not a marker of declining seed viability. Also, red buckeye seeds did not lose 50% viability until after day 8 of the experiment, and axis moisture content fell well below 20% as the seeds dried. C1 US Forest Serv, Mississippi State, MS 39760 USA. RP Connor, KF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Thompson Hall,Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39760 USA. EM kconnor@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s004680100092 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 426EL UT WOS:000168336800001 ER PT J AU Smith, KT Shortle, WC AF Smith, KT Shortle, WC TI Conservation of element concentration in xylem sap of red spruce SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE root uptake; homeostasis; sap chemistry; allometry ID ABIES L KARST; SOIL SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; PINUS-PONDEROSA; FOREST-FLOOR; CALCIUM; STANDS; MAGNESIUM AB We investigated the chemistry of xylem sap as a marker of red spruce metabolism and soil chemistry at three locations in northern New England. A Scholar;der pressure chamber was used to extract xylem sap from roots and branches cut from mature trees in early June and September. Root sap contained significantly greater concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Al than branch sap. Sap collected in June contained a significantly greater concentration of Mn than sap collected in September. Sap concentration was related to forest location for N and Mn. Variations in concentrations of N and K were significantly related to the interaction of tree organ and month of collection. Variations in concentrations of P, Cu, Zn, and Fe were not attributable to tree organ, month of collection, or forest location. Patterns of element concentration in xylem sap compared to previously published data on soil solution chemistry indicated a high degree of homeostatic control of xylem sap chemistry. This control likely represents a significant allocation of resources within the tree energy budget. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Smith, KT (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, 271 Mast Rd,POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s004680000085 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 426EL UT WOS:000168336800003 ER PT J AU Kalmbacher, RS Hammond, AC Martin, FG Pate, FM Allison, MJ AF Kalmbacher, RS Hammond, AC Martin, FG Pate, FM Allison, MJ TI Leucaena for weaned cattle in south Florida SO TROPICAL GRASSLANDS LA English DT Article ID GRASS-LEGUME PASTURE; YEARLING STEERS; PERFORMANCE; RESPONSES; TOXICOSIS; PLANT AB Two experiments using newly weaned heifers or steers compared leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) (0.4 ha) + bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) (0.4 ha) vs bahiagrass (0.8 ha) 13 replicates). In Experiment 1. 18 heifers were inoculated with dihydroxypyridine-degrading (DHP) bacteria and placed on treatments from June 1994-January 1995. Presentation yields of leucaena leaf in June were 1800 kg/ha with 30% crude protein, and 62% IVOMD. Liveweight gains (LWG) for 1994 were greater for heifers grazing leucaena + bahiagrass (34 kg/hd) vs bahiagrass: alone (12 kg/hd) even though heifers: ate little leucaena until September. Experiment I continued with the same group of heifers grazing the same treatments from April-December 1995. Leucaena leaf was 1200 kg/ha in April and virtually nil by June. LWGs were similar for both groups. In Experiment II. two different groups of 18 steers each grazed from July-November 1996 and 1997. Initial presentation yields of leucaena leaf in July 1996 and 1997 averaged 2200 kg/ha and declined to 400 kg/ha in November each year. Mean LWG over 112 days in 1996 and 1997 was 53 kg/hd for steers grazing bahiagrass + leucaena and 8 kg/hd fur steers grazing bahiagrass alone. Passive transfer of DHP-degrading bacteria was demonstrated. Leucaena is a dependable legume and can provide a high level of nutrition for weaned cattle in Florida providing its use is deferred until late summer when bahiagrass nutritive value is low. Weaned cattle not accustomed to leucaena may require adaptation by grazing with cattle used to grazing leucaena in order to hasten acceptance and permit transfer of rumen bacteria with DHP-degrading ability. C1 Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Expt Stn 3401, Ona, FL 33865 USA. USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, IA USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Kalmbacher, RS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Expt Stn 3401, Ona, FL 33865 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TROPICAL GRASSLAND SOC AUST PI ST LUCIA PA CUNNINGHAM LAB, CSIRO 306 CARMODY RD, ST LUCIA, OLD 4067, AUSTRALIA SN 0049-4763 J9 TROP GRASSLANDS JI Trop. Grassl. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 423GX UT WOS:000168168500001 ER PT J AU Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE AF Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE TI Pathobiology of A/Chicken/Hong Kong/220/97 (H5N1) avian influenza virus in seven Gallinaceous species SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; immunohistochemistry; influenza virus; order Galliformes; pathogenesis; poultry; viral disease ID FACTOR-ALPHA PRODUCTION; AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS; A VIRUSES; HONG-KONG; DISEASE VIRUS; CLEAVAGE SITE; CHICKENS; PATHOGENESIS; APOPTOSIS; PATHOGENICITY AB Direct bird-to-human transmission, with the production of severe respiratory disease and human mortality, is unique to the Hong Kong-origin H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, which was originally isolated from a disease outbreak in chickens. The pathobiology of the A/chicken/Hong Kong/ 220/97 (H5N1) (HK/220) HPAI virus was investigated in chickens, turkeys, Japanese and Bobwhite quail, guinea fowl, pheasants, and partridges, where it produced 75-100% mortality within 10 days. Depression, mucoid diarrhea, and neurologic dysfunction were common clinical manifestations of disease. Grossly, the most severe and consistent lesions included splenomegaly, pulmonary edema and congestion, and hemorrhages in enteric lymphoid areas, on serosal surfaces, and in skeletal muscle. Histologic lesions were observed in multiple organs and were characterized by exudation, hemorrhage, necrosis, inflammation, or a combination of these features. The lung, heart, brain, spleen, and adrenal glands were the most consistently affected, and viral antigen was most often detected by immunohistochemistry in the parenchyma of these organs. The pathogenesis of infection with the HK/220 HPAI virus in these species was twofold. Early mortality occurring at 1-2 days postinoculation (DPI) corresponded to severe pulmonary edema and congestion and virus localization within the vascular endothelium. Mortality occurring after 2 DPI was related to systemic biochemical imbalance, multiorgan failure, or a combination of these factors. The pathobiologic features were analogous to those experimentally induced with other HPAI viruses in domestic poultry. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Perkins, LEL (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 57 TC 165 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1354/vp.38-2-149 PG 16 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 410LH UT WOS:000167441100003 PM 11280371 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Trott, D Palmer, M Stasko, J AF Hamir, AN Trott, D Palmer, M Stasko, J TI Naturally occurring spirochetes in the colonic mucosa of raccoons (Procyon lotor) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intestinal spirochetes; Procyon lotor; raccoons ID SP-NOV; PERIODONTITIS; SERPULINA AB The large intestines of 21 raccoons (Procyon lotor; 11 wild caught, 10 laboratory confined) were examined for the presence of intestinal spirochetes. Light microscopy of sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Warthin-Starry stain showed the presence of spiral shaped organisms deep within the lumina of intestinal glands at the ileocolonic junction of 16 raccoons (76% prevalence). All laboratory-confined, group-housed raccoons harbored the organisms, but only 6/11 (55% prevalence) live-trapped raccoons were positive for these spirochetes. The organisms were free in the glandular lumina, and there were no microscopic lesions. Two types of spirochetes were identified in the colonic glands: a slender spirochete 10-13 mum in length, 0.3 pm in diameter, and possessing long, thin tapered ends and a larger, regularly waved spiral organism (0.5 mum in diameter). The slender spirochete did not resemble any of the known spirochete genera and failed to grow on medium used to propagate oral treponemes and members of the genus Brachyspira. C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1354/vp.38-2-233 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 410LH UT WOS:000167441100015 PM 11280383 ER PT J AU Hafner, S Harmon, BG King, T AF Hafner, S Harmon, BG King, T TI Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the equine cecum SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cecum; gastrointestinal stromal tumor; horses; immunohistochemistry; neoplasia AB Ten cecal tumors were identified during the postmortem examination of seven horse carcasses at slaughter tone horse had three tumors). The multinodular and hemorrhagic tumors ranged from 1 to 10 cm in diameter and consisted of spindle cells arranged in thin, interconnected trabeculae that were often separated by sinuses filled with mucinous fluid, erythrocytes, and siderophages. Spindle cells of all tumors were immunopositive for vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, and c-kit protein but lacked reactivity with antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100 protein, and desmin. In one tumor, spindle cells diffusely bound antibodies to synaptophysin. Most tumors contained focal reactivity to smooth muscle actin antibodies; one tumor reacted diffusely. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells were connected by desmosome-like structures and exhibited extended cell processes; some contained dense core neurosecretory granules. These equine stromal tumors appeared to share some characteristics with human gastrointestinal stromal tumors. C1 USDA, Pathol Sect, FSIS, Eastern Lab,Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hafner, S (reprint author), USDA, Pathol Sect, FSIS, Eastern Lab,Russell Res Ctr, POB 6085,Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1354/vp.38-2-242 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 410LH UT WOS:000167441100018 PM 11280386 ER PT J AU Wilson, WC Ma, HC Venter, EH van Djik, AA Seal, BS Mecham, JO AF Wilson, WC Ma, HC Venter, EH van Djik, AA Seal, BS Mecham, JO TI Phylogenetic relationships of bluetongue viruses based on gene S7 (vol 67, pg 141, 2000) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Natl Anim Quarantine Inst, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China. Univ Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa. Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Div Biochem, Onderstepoort, South Africa. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Wilson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI Venter, Estelle/O-6953-2014 OI Venter, Estelle/0000-0001-7351-0827 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 73 IS 2 BP 201 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00204-5 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 407XL UT WOS:000167296000011 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Watrud, LS Reeves, M AF Entry, JA Watrud, LS Reeves, M TI Influence of organic amendments on the accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from contaminated soil by three grass species SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; johnson grass; organic matter; phytoremediation; poultry litter; Sr-90 ID RADIOACTIVE CESIUM; RADIOCESIUM; SEEDLINGS; PONDEROSA; INTENSITY; SEASON; GROWTH AB Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), johnson grass (Sorghum halpense) and switchgrass (Panicum virginatum) were compared for their ability to accumulate Cs-137 and Sr-90 from three different contaminated soils in the presence and absence of either sphagnum peat or poultry litter amendments. Above-ground plant biomass did not differ between plants that were not exposed to these radionuclides and those that were exposed to soil containing Cs-137 or Sr-90. After three harvests, bahia, johnson and switchgrass plants accumulated from 17.2 to 67.3% of the Cs-137 and from 25.1 to 61.7% of the Sr-90 added to the soil. Poultry litter and peat moss amendments increased aboveground plant biomass, activity of Cs-137 or (9)0Sr in plant tissue, % accumulation of Cs-137 or Sr-90 from soil and the plant bioconcentration ratio at each harvest compared to the control (no amendment) treatment. The greatest increases in plant biomass, and radionuclide accumulation were observed with poultry litter for each of the three grass species. Johnson grass had greater aboveground plant biomass, activity of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in plant tissue, % accumulation of Cs-137 or Sr-90 from soil and bioconcentration ratio in each soil amendment, at each harvest compared to bahia and switchgrass. The greatest accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 was measured in johnson grass grown in soil that was amended with poultry litter. These results suggest that plant species selection and agronomic practices may need to be considered to maximize phytoremediation of radionuclide contaminated soils. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Terr Ecol Branch, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1023/A:1005201220596 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 396LY UT WOS:000166638900012 ER PT J AU Ma, QL Hook, JE Ahuja, LR AF Ma, QL Hook, JE Ahuja, LR TI Comment on "Influence of three-parameter conversion methods between van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey functions on soil hydraulic properties and water-balance predictions" by Qingli Ma et al. - Reply SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONDUCTIVITY; MODEL C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticide Res Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Ma, QL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticide Res Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 853 EP 855 DI 10.1029/2000WR900347 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 408EE UT WOS:000167312900037 ER PT J AU William, RD Ogg, A Raab, C AF William, RD Ogg, A Raab, C TI My view SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RISK C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Ten Sleep, WY 82442 USA. Oregon State Univ, Extens Family & Community Dev Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP William, RD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 2 BP 149 EP 149 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0149:MV]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WX UT WOS:000175241500001 ER PT J AU Chachalis, D Reddy, KN Elmore, CD AF Chachalis, D Reddy, KN Elmore, CD TI Characterization of leaf surface, wax composition, and control of redvine and trumpetcreeper with glyphosate SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acifluorfen; bentazon; chlorimuron; glyphosate; imazaquin; pyrithiobac; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; redvine, Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners; BRVCI; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.; trumpetcreeper, Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau CMIRA; adjuvant; contact angle; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; leaf morphology; scanning electron microscopy; BRVCI; CMIRA ID EPICUTICULAR WAX; BRUNNICHIA-OVATA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE; MIXTURES AB Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted on redvine and trumpetcreeper to characterize leaf surface and wax composition, determine responses of these weeds to glyphosate, characterize the nature of interactions between glyphosate and several selective postemergence herbicides (e.g., acifluorfen, bentazon, chlorimuron, imazaquin, and pyrithiobac) used in soybean and cotton, and determine the effects of various adjuvants on glyphosate activity on both species. Trumpetcreeper was consistently more susceptible to glyphosate than redvine. Glyphosate spray solution droplets had lower contact angle in trumpetcreeper than in redvine, Micro-roughness of the trumpetcreeper adaxial leaf surface was greater due to trichomes and glands compared to that of redvine, which had no trichomes or glands. Stomata or crystal wax deposition on the adaxial leaf surface were not observed in either species. The wax mass per unit area (22 to 37 mug cm(-2)) was similar regardless of the leaf age in both species. Epicuticular wax consisted of hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, and triterpenes. Wax composition of young leaves of redvine was relatively hydrophilic (72% alcohols and acids, 24% hydrocarbons) compared to the hydrophobic components (23% alcohols and acids, 49% hydrocarbons) of old leaves. In contrast, wax of trumpetcreeper young leaves was relatively hydrophobic (9% alcohols and acids, 29% hydrocarbons), whereas old leaves had similar levels of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components (28% alcohols and acids, 31% hydrocarbons). Glyphosate mixed with selective postemergence herbicides were antagonistic when applied to redvine and trumpetcreeper, except acifluorfen. Various adjuvants did not increase glyphosate efficacy except ammonium sulfate, which increased glyphosate efficacy when applied alone to trumpetcreeper. These results showed that lower glyphosate efficacy was related to the more hydrophobic nature of redvine epicuticular waxes compared to that of trumpetcreeper. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chachalis, D (reprint author), Greek Natl Agr Res Fdn, NAGREF, Plant Protect Inst Volos, POB 303, Volos 38001, Greece. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 2 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0156:COLSWC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WX UT WOS:000175241500003 ER PT J AU Buhler, DD Hartzler, RG AF Buhler, DD Hartzler, RG TI Emergence and persistence of seed of velvetleaf, common waterhemp, woolly cupgrass, and giant foxtail SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer AMATA; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFA; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. ABUTH; woolly cupgrass, Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth ERBVI; seed bank; seed persistence; seedling emergence; ABUTH; AMATA; ERBVI; SETFA ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; ERIOCHLOA-VILLOSA CONTROL; CHLOROACETAMIDE HERBICIDES; WEED-CONTROL; POPULATION; LONGEVITY; NEBRASKA; TILLAGE; SOIL; BELT AB Annual emergence and seed persistence of common waterhemp, velvetleaf, woolly cupgrass, and giant foxtail were characterized in central Iowa for 4 yr following burial of seeds collected and buried in autumn 1994. First-year emergence as a percentage of the original seed bank ranged from 5 to 40%, and the relative order was common waterhemp < velverleaf < giant foxtail < woolly cupgrass. During the second and third years, there were no differences in percent emergence among species, with emergence percentages ranging from 1 to 9% of the original seed bank. During the fourth year, seedlings continued to emerge from only the velveleaf and common waterhemp seed banks. A greater percentage of common waterhemp seed persisted each year and 12% of the original seed was recovered after 4 yr of burial. Five percent of the velvedeaf was recovered at the end of the fourth year. No woolly cupgrass and giant foxtail seed was recovered after the third and fourth years. The proportion of the seed that was accounted for from year to year through emergence and seed recovery varied by species and year. Total recovery of velvetleaf ranged from 61 to 87%, common waterhemp from 50 to 81% woolly cupgrass from 29 to 79%, and giant foxtail from 23 to 79%. Based on the results of this research, velvetleaf and common waterhemp form more persistent seed banks than woolly cupgrass and giant foxtail. Therefore, woolly cupgrass and giant foxtail should be more amenable to management through seed bank deletion than velvetleaf and common waterhemp. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buhler, DD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 28 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 2 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0230:EAPOSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545WX UT WOS:000175241500014 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR Hagan, SM Able, KW AF Angradi, TR Hagan, SM Able, KW TI Vegetation type and the intertidal macroinvertebrate fauna of a brackish marsh: Phragmites vs. Spartina SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Spartina alterniflora; Phragmites australis; common reed; brackish marsh; tidal marsh; intertidal macroinvertebrates; infauna; epifauna; Oligochaeta; Polychaeta; Nematoda; biodiversity; detritus; invasive species ID TIDAL FRESH-WATER; SALT-MARSH; COMMON REED; FOOD-WEBS; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; NEW-JERSEY; AUSTRALIS; MEIOFAUNA; ALTERNIFLORA; ABUNDANCE AB The responses of tidal marsh macroinvertebrate assemblages to the conversion of Spartina alterniflora marshes to marshes dominated by the invasive reed, Phragmites australis, are poorly understood. Changes in edaphic, vegetative, hydrologic, and detrital conditions that attend conversion to Phragmites should produce changes in the intertidal fauna. We used core sampling (7.8-cm diameter, 4-cm deep) and litter packs to compare the intertidal macroinvertebrate fauna of Phragmites marshes and adjacent remnant Spartina marshes in a brackish reach of the Mullica River (0-17 ppt salinity during the study) in southern New Jersey, USA. Detrital and above-ground vegetative biomass and water velocity were greater in Phragmites marsh; stem density, microtopographic relief, and the density of standing-water microhabitats were greater in Spartina marsh. The intertidal assemblages varied between marsh types. Total macroinvertebrate density was greater in Spartina marsh (97,000 m(-2)) than in Phragmites marsh (82,000 m(-2)). Mean taxa richness (number of taxa per core sample) was greater in Spartina marsh (12.4 taxa sample(-1)) than in Phragmites marsh (9.4 taxa sample(-1)) and dominance (relative abundance of the three most abundant taxa) was lower. Oligochaeta, Nematoda, and the polychaete, Manayunkia aestuarina, dominated the fauna (>75% of the total abundance) in both marsh types. Of these, oligochaetes were more abundant in Spartina marsh, and nematodes and polychaetes were slightly more abundant in Phragmites marsh. Most common subdominant taxa (100-4,000 m(-2)), including ceratopogonids, chironomids, mites, ostracods, isopods, and gastropods were more abundant in Spartina marsh. Collembolans were more abundant in Phragmites marsh; amphipods were about equally abundant in both marsh types. Invertebrate abundance and assemblage composition varied with distance from the edge of the marsh in both marsh types; overlap in assemblage composition between marsh types was greatest at the edge of the marsh, where more frequent inundation may have moderated the influence of vegetation type on the marsh fauna. For mean taxa richness and for the density of most taxa, the effect of marsh type on density exceeded the effect of season, marsh position, or a local salinity gradient. We consider the greater density of intertidal standing-water microhabitats and probably of microalgal production as important sources of faunal variation between marsh types. Fewer refugia from predators during high tide in Phragmites marsh may also contribute to variation in faunal abundance and community structure between marsh types. Detritus biomass was probably a more important source of spatial variation in the fauna of the Phragmites marsh than in Spartina marsh. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 999 18th St,Suite 500, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NR 57 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 58 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 75 EP 92 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2001)021[0075:VTATIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 417NB UT WOS:000167840100008 ER EF