FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Friedman, M
   Fitch, TE
   Yokoyama, WE
AF Friedman, M
   Fitch, TE
   Yokoyama, WE
TI Lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol in hamsters by the tomato
   glycoalkaloid tomatine
SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 214th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 1997
CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
SP Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Div Geochem, Air Prod & Chem Inc, Daicel Chem Ind Ltd, Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat Sci & Engn
DE cholesterol; hamsters; tomatine; tomatoes; triglycerides
ID ALPHA-TOMATINE; TRANSPORT; PRODUCTS; POTATO
AB Tomatoes contain the steroidal glycoalkaloid tomatine, which has been reported to form strong, insoluble complexes with cholesterol in vitro. To determine whether tomatine can reduce dietary cholesterol absorption and plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, we fed hamsters a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet with 0.05-0.2% added tomatine in the diet. The tomatine diets induced lowering of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) without changing high-density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Compared to the control diets, four- to fivefold more labeled dietary cholesterol and coprostanol was excreted in the feces of the tomatine-fed hamsters. The amount of cholesterol excreted in the feces corresponded to the amount of tomatine in the diet. These observations suggest that due to the formation of an insoluble tomatine-cholesterol complex and its excretion in the feces, very little dietary tomatine is absorbed from the digestive tract into the blood stream. They are also consistent with the reported low oral toxicity of tomatine compared to other glycoalkaloids. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517
NR 20
TC 61
Z9 70
U1 2
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-6915
J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL
JI Food Chem. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 38
IS 7
BP 549
EP 553
DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00050-8
PG 5
WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology
SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology
GA 333TK
UT WOS:000088146700001
PM 10942315
ER

PT J
AU Greenberg, CH
AF Greenberg, CH
TI Individual variation in acorn production by five species of southern
   Appalachian oaks
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE acorns; oak; southern Appalachian oaks
ID MAST; POPULATION
AB Acorns are an important wildlife food resource and seed source for oak regeneration. Most acorn production studies note wide and consistent differences in acorn productivity among individuals, but none clearly demonstrate determinants of productivity. Acorn production by black, northern red, scarlet, chestnut and white oak was measured from 1993 to 1997 in the southern Appalachians was measured and compared among species and individuals. To standardize comparisons among different sized trees and simplify for use by forest managers, the number of acorns per tree were converted to the number/m(2) BA (basal area). On average, white oak produced the most acorns and chestnut oak the fewest. Northern red and white oak produced higher green weight and dry biomass than the other three species. There was a significant positive relationship between tree basal area and the number of acorns produced per crown for all species (r(2) between 0.10 and 0.27). However, this is because larger trees have greater crown areas for producing acorns, and not because they produce more acorns per unit area of crown. Alone, BA was significantly, positively correlated with the number of acorns/m(2) BA only in black, northern red (p < 0.06) and white oak (not in scarlet or chestnut oak) but explained little of the variation in acorn production among individuals. Trees less than or equal to 25 cm DBH of most species produced significantly fewer acorns/m(2) BA than their larger counterparts. However, many small (<23 cm DBH) scarlet oaks originating from a 1967 clear-cut were prolific producers, whereas white oaks (<25 cm DBH) in the same stand were not. Frequency of acorn production ranged from never to yearly among individuals. Good producers (trees producing greater than or equal to 5-year species mean) composed 20% (chestnut oak) to 46% (northern red oak) of sample populations but contributed disproportionately to the acorn crop in moderate and good crop years. Good producers produced acorns more frequently and had more acorns/m(2) BA on fruiting trees than did poor producers. However, in any given year good and poor producers were similarly represented in the fruiting population. Hence, good producers could not be easily identified by the presence of acorns during poor crop years, nor could poor producers be identified by an absence of acorns in good crop years. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA.
RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest,1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA.
EM srs_bentcreek@fs.fed.us
NR 26
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JUL 1
PY 2000
VL 132
IS 2-3
BP 199
EP 210
DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00226-1
PG 12
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 334MZ
UT WOS:000088191400007
ER

PT J
AU Erikson, RG
   Gorman, TM
   Green, DW
   Graham, D
AF Erikson, RG
   Gorman, TM
   Green, DW
   Graham, D
TI Mechanical grading of lumber sawn from small-diameter lodgepole pine,
   ponderosa pine, and grand fir trees from northern Idaho
SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB Forest lands of the Inland Northwest have many timber stands consisting of overgrown, densely stocked trees that create a fire hazard and are prone to disease. These stands need to be thinned, but the cost of harvesting often exceeds the value of the timber produced. However, because of the dense stocking and the resulting slow growth these trees may produce lumber with desirable mechanical properties. One method for sawmills to more fully utilize the potential grade yield and realize greater economic return from such lumber may be to produce machine-stress-rated (MSR) lumber instead of visually graded dimension lumber. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical properties, and corresponding economic value, of lodgepole pine, grand fir, and ponderosa pine dimension lumber produced from typical overstocked forest stands in northern Idaho. The lumber was visually graded and tested for modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, and each piece was sorted into two types of grade categories: 1) visual Structural Light Framing; and 2) MSR. This study indicated that two of the three species we tested had good visual and mechanical characteristics. MSR grading of the lodgepole pine group produced a $27/MBF increase in value above visual grading, and MSR grading the grand fir group produced a $15/MBF increase in value above visual grading. The ponderosa pine samples were from poor quality trees "thinned from below." Because of the poor yield in the higher visual grades, ponderosa pine thinnings in this study were judged not to be a good candidate for production of MSR lumber. This study points out the potential value of lumber sawn from overstocked stands of timber, but demonstrates the need for an assessment process to estimate local resource capability.
C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
   USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
   US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA.
RP Erikson, RG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
NR 18
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC
PI MADISON
PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA
SN 0015-7473
J9 FOREST PROD J
JI For. Prod. J.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 50
IS 7-8
BP 59
EP 65
PG 7
WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Forestry; Materials Science
GA 344QA
UT WOS:000088769300012
ER

PT J
AU Evans, JW
   Senft, JF
   Green, DW
AF Evans, JW
   Senft, JF
   Green, DW
TI Juvenile wood effect in red alder: Analysis of physical and mechanical
   data to delineate juvenile and mature wood zones
SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAVITY; TREES; AGE
AB The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of juvenile wood on the mechanical and physical properties of red alder. Tree growth in the first 10 to 20 years, usually referred to as juvenile wood, often influences wood quality by adversely affecting mechanical strength properties. Strength can be reduced up to 50 percent by the presence of juvenile wood. More knowledge of juvenile/mature wood properties will provide practical information for silviculturists and processors of red alder, leading to a more appropriate usage of this species. Six red alder trees were used in this investigation and a collaborative anatomical study by Oregon State University (OSU). The three-point-bending test mini-specimens were taken from a pith-centered, radially oriented slab in the green condition. Sample material was taken at breast height and below the first major branch for height comparison. Measured variables for the Purdue study were modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), specific gravity (SG), and work-to-failure (Work). MOE in red alder was found to have a mean join point(end of juvenility) of approximately 16 years and 10 years for the bottom and the top sections, respectively. The variability of MOR, SG, and apparent Work property values over time rendered them unsuitable for indicating a juvenile-mature wood join point.
C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Math & Phys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
   Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Math & Phys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
NR 36
TC 37
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 7
PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC
PI MADISON
PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA
SN 0015-7473
J9 FOREST PROD J
JI For. Prod. J.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 50
IS 7-8
BP 75
EP 87
PG 13
WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Forestry; Materials Science
GA 344QA
UT WOS:000088769300015
ER

PT J
AU Youdim, KA
   Martin, A
   Joseph, JA
AF Youdim, KA
   Martin, A
   Joseph, JA
TI Incorporation of the elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells
   increases protection against oxidative stress
SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE flavonoids; anthocyanins; endothelial cells; oxidative stress; free
   radicals
ID NF-KAPPA-B; DIETARY CYANIDIN 3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE; DAMAGE STRAND BREAKS;
   NITRIC-OXIDE; DNA-DAMAGE; TNF-ALPHA; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY;
   INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO
AB The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of endothelial cells (EC) to incorporate anthocyanins and to examine their potential benefits against various oxidative stressors. Endothelial dysfunction has been proposed to play an important role in the initiation and development of vascular disease, with studies having shown that administration of antioxidants improves endothelial function. Elderberry extract contains 4 anthocyanins, which where incorporated into the plasma membrane and cytosol of EC following 4 h incubation at 1 mg.ml(-1). However, incorporation within the cytosol was considerably less than that in the membrane. Uptake within both regions appeared to be structure dependent, with monoglycoside concentrations higher than that of the diglucosides in both compartments. The enrichment of EC with elderberry anthocyanins conferred significant protective effects in EC against the following oxidative stressors: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH); and FeSO4/ascorbic acid (AA). These results show for the first time that vascular EC can incorporate anthocyanins into the membrane and cytosol, conferring significant protective effects against oxidative insult. These findings may have important implications on preserving EC function and preventing the initiation of EC changes associated with vascular diseases. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Youdim, KA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 65
TC 175
Z9 181
U1 1
U2 29
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-5849
J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED
JI Free Radic. Biol. Med.
PD JUL 1
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 1
BP 51
EP 60
DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00329-4
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 349LL
UT WOS:000089046500007
PM 10962205
ER

PT J
AU Kim, YI
   Shirwadkar, S
   Choi, SW
   Puchyr, M
   Wang, Y
   Mason, JB
AF Kim, YI
   Shirwadkar, S
   Choi, SW
   Puchyr, M
   Wang, Y
   Mason, JB
TI Effects of dietary folate on DNA strand breaks within mutation-prone
   exons of the p53 gene in rat colon
SO GASTROENTEROLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 97th Annual Meeting of the American-Gastroenterological-Association
CY MAY 18-23, 1996
CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
SP Amer Gastroenterol Assoc
ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS;
   FOLIC-ACID; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; CHROMATIN
   STRUCTURE; DEFICIENT RATS; APC GENE; DAMAGE
AB Background & Aims: Diminished folate status has been observed to increase colorectal cancer risk. Folate plays an important role in DNA synthesis and repair. This study investigated the effects of dietary folate on DNA strand breaks in the p53 and Ape genes, and how these changes ave related to steady-state levels of the corresponding transcripts. Methods: Three groups of rats were fed diets containing 0, 2 (basal requirement), or 8 mg folate/kg for 5 weeks. At each weekly time point, plasma and colonic mucosal folate concentrations were determined. Site-specific DNA strand breaks were assessed by semiquantitative PCR. Steady-state levels of messenger RNA were measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Results: Dietary folate deficiency produced progressive DNA strand breaks within exons 5-8 of the p53 gene in rat colon (P < 0.02). Accumulation of strand breaks was not observed in other exons of the p53 gene, in the Ape and p-actin genes, or at the genomic level. Folate supplementation at 4 times the basal requirement significantly increased p53 integrity compared with the basal and deficient diets (P < 0,05). p53 integrity in exons 5-8 was significantly correlated with folate status (P < 0.03). Dietary folate deprivation progressively decreased, whereas supplementation increased, steady-state levels of p53 transcript over 5 weeks (P < 0.05). No such changes were observed for the Ape gene, Steady-state levels of p53 transcript were significantly correlated with folate status and p53 integrity in exons 5-8 (P < 0.002), Conclusions: These data provide a plausible mechanism by which folate deficiency promotes, and folate supplementation suppresses, colorectal carcinogenesis.
C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
   St Michaels Hosp, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
   Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med,Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med,Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Kim, YI (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Room 7258,Med Sci Bldg,1 Kings Coll Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
NR 64
TC 71
Z9 75
U1 0
U2 1
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
   19106-3399 USA
SN 0016-5085
J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY
JI Gastroenterology
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 119
IS 1
BP 151
EP 161
DI 10.1053/gast.2000.8518
PG 11
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA 333BL
UT WOS:000088108800021
PM 10889164
ER

PT J
AU Da, Y
   VanRaden, PM
   Schook, LB
AF Da, Y
   VanRaden, PM
   Schook, LB
TI Detection and parameter estimation for quantitative trait loci using
   regression models and multiple markers
SO GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE multiple markers; regression analysis; quantitative trait loci; QTL
   detection; QTL parameters
ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; FULL-SIB; LINKAGE; QTL; MAP; POPULATIONS; FAMILIES;
   DESIGNS; CATTLE
AB A strategy of multi-step minimal conditional regression analysis has been developed to determine the existence of statistical testing and parameter estimation for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that are unaffected by linked QTLs. The estimation of marker-QTL recombination frequency needs to consider only three cases: 1) the chromosome has only one QTL, 2) one side of the target QTL has one or more QTLs, and 3) either side of the target QTL has one or more QTLs. Analytical formula was derived to estimate marker-QTL recombination frequency for each of the three cases. The formula involves two flanking markers for case 1), two flanking markers plus a conditional marker for case 2), and two flanking markers plus two conditional markers for case 3). Each QTL variance and effect, and the total QTL variance were also estimated using analytical formulae. Simulation data show that the formulae for estimating marker-QTL recombination frequency could be a useful statistical tool for fine QTL mapping. With 1000 observations, a QTL could be mapped to a narrow chromosome region of 1.5 cM if no linked QTL is present, and to a 2.8 cM chromosome region if either side of the target QTL has at least one linked QTL.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Da, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
OI Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364
NR 30
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI LES ULIS CEDEXA
PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS
   CEDEXA, FRANCE
SN 0999-193X
J9 GENET SEL EVOL
JI Genet. Sel. Evol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 4
BP 357
EP 381
PG 25
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity
SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity
GA 357EB
UT WOS:000089484600002
PM 14736383
ER

PT J
AU Nachtergaele, FO
   Spaargaren, O
   Deckers, JA
   Ahrens, B
AF Nachtergaele, FO
   Spaargaren, O
   Deckers, JA
   Ahrens, B
TI New developments in soil classification World Reference Base for Soil
   Resources
SO GEODERMA
LA English
DT Article
DE classification; natural resources; soil group; vertisols
AB It has been a matter of great concern that after hundred years of modern soil science a generally accepted system of soil classification has not yet been universally adopted [Dudal, R., 1990. Progress in IRE preparation. In: Rozanov, B.G. (Ed.), Soil Classification Reports of the International Conference on Soil Classification, 12-16 September 1988, Alma-Ata, USSR. Centre for International Projects, USSR State Committee for Environmental Protection, Moscow. pp. 69-70]. This situation arises partly from the fact that soils constitute a continuum, which unlike easily identifiable plants and animals, needs to be placed into classes by convention. In order to remedy this the International Union of Soil Science has been working for the last 20 years with a working group RE, to develop a common language for naming the soils of the world: the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), which was endorsed by the IUSS World Congress at Montpellier in 1998. This paper reflects on the WRB, its objectives, its principles, goals as well as its implementation. Last but not least, projections are made on implications of WRB for soil inventories and small-scale land surveys. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Managment, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
   ISRIC, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands.
   FAO, Land & Water Dev Div, Soil Resources Management & Conservat Serv, I-00100 Rome, Italy.
   USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA.
RP Deckers, JA (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Managment, Vital Decosterstr 102, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
NR 18
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0016-7061
J9 GEODERMA
JI Geoderma
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 96
IS 4
BP 345
EP 357
DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00023-9
PG 13
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 328PV
UT WOS:000087860000006
ER

PT J
AU Olson, C
AF Olson, C
TI Messy is good
SO GEOTIMES
LA English
DT Letter
C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP Olson, C (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA
SN 0016-8556
J9 GEOTIMES
JI Geotimes
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 45
IS 7
BP 4
EP 4
PG 1
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 334PQ
UT WOS:000088195200005
ER

PT J
AU Phillips, DL
   Brown, SL
   Schroeder, PE
   Birdsey, RA
AF Phillips, DL
   Brown, SL
   Schroeder, PE
   Birdsey, RA
TI Toward error analysis of large-scale forest carbon budgets
SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon budget; carbon flux; error analysis; forest; forest inventory;
   South-eastern USA; wood volume
AB Quantification of forest carbon sources and sinks is an important part of national inventories of net greenhouse gas emissions. Several such forest carbon budgets have been constructed, but little effort has been made to analyse the sources of error and how these errors propagate to determine the overall uncertainty of projected carbon fluxes. We performed an error analysis for estimates of tree volume and volume change determined by repeated measurements of permanent sample plots for the South-eastern United States as a step toward assessing errors in the carbon budget constructed by the USDA Forest Service. Error components recognized were: sampling error for sample plot selection; measurement error for tree height and diameter; and regression error for tree volume. Most of the propagated error in volume and volume change estimation was due to sampling error. Error estimates depended on the size of the area examined (single state to region) and the degree to which tree growth and recruit-ment balanced mortality and harvesting. Approximate regional 95% confidence intervals were 3 455 073 000 +/- 39 606 000 (1.1%) m(3) for current growing-stock volume, and 10 616 000 +/- 4210 000 (39.7%) m(3) years(-1) for growing-stock volume change. These methods should be useful in further analysis of the sources of error and overall uncertainty in national efforts to quantify carbon fluxes associated with forests and land cover dynamics.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
   Winrock Int, Arlington, VA 22209 USA.
   Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Radnor, PA 19087 USA.
RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011
NR 24
TC 58
Z9 61
U1 1
U2 9
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0960-7447
J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR
JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 9
IS 4
BP 305
EP 313
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00197.x
PG 9
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 349PT
UT WOS:000089055400004
ER

PT J
AU Morgan, DJW
   Reitz, SR
   Atkinson, PW
   Trumble, JT
AF Morgan, DJW
   Reitz, SR
   Atkinson, PW
   Trumble, JT
TI The resolution of Californian populations of Liriomyza huidobrensis and
   Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera : Agromyzidae) using PCR
SO HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
DE genetic marker; leafminer; Liriomyza huidobrensis; Liriomyza trifolii;
   RAPD-PCR
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; LARVAL PERFORMANCE;
   ARBITRARY PRIMERS; INSECT HERBIVORE; RAPD-PCR; IDENTIFICATION;
   POLYPHAGY; MARKERS
AB Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) are important vegetable pests in California. Populations of each species differ in their impact in central and southern regions. This difference may be explained by geographical or host plant differences in each of the regions. We used random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reactions to assess genetic differences between two laboratory populations of each species collected from central and southern California. Individual L. trifolii from the two regions could be discriminated by the presence/absence of PCR products. No such qualitative differences were apparent in PCR products amplified from L. huidobrensis individuals, but the origins of individuals could be differentiated using a bootstrap analysis of marker frequencies. Marker primers were used to compare held and laboratory individuals. No evidence was found for the existence of further populations or of hybrid populations in central and southern California. The distribution of populations of L. huidobrensis was explained completely by geographical differences. As a consequence of the absence of leafminer infestations on the same host plant varieties in both regions, factors governing L. trifolii population distribution differences were less apparent. The presence of the same host plant varieties at both sites suggests that the two L. trifolii populations differ in host plant preference.
C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
   Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA ARS, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA.
RP Trumble, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008
NR 21
TC 21
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0018-067X
J9 HEREDITY
JI Heredity
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 85
IS 1
BP 53
EP 61
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00731.x
PG 9
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
   Heredity
GA 347PT
UT WOS:000088938900007
PM 10971691
ER

PT J
AU Clevidence, B
   Paetau, I
   Smith, JC
AF Clevidence, B
   Paetau, I
   Smith, JC
TI Bioavailability of carotenoids from vegetables
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Colloquium on the Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Plant and
   Human Health held at the 95th ASHS Annual Conference
CY JUL   13, 1998
CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP Food Qual & Nutrit Working Grp, Genet & Germplasm Working Grp, Postharvest Working Grp, Vegetable Breeding Working Grp, Plant Biotechnol Working Grp, Temperate Tree Nut Crops Working Grp, Consumer Hort & Master Gardeners Working Grp, Herbs Spices & Medicinal Plants Working Grp
ID BETA-CAROTENE; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; TOMATO JUICE; LUNG-CANCER;
   LYCOPENE; HUMANS; ISOMERS; ABSORPTION; MEN; SUPPLEMENTS
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Clevidence, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 33
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 585
EP 588
PG 4
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800010
ER

PT J
AU Prior, RL
   Cao, GH
AF Prior, RL
   Cao, GH
TI Antioxidant phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables: Diet and health
   implications
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Colloquium on the Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Plant and
   Human Health held at the 95th ASHS Annual Conference
CY JUL   13, 1998
CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP Food Qual & Nutrit Working Grp, Genet & Germplasm Working Grp, Postharvest Working Grp, Vegetable Breeding Working Grp, Plant Biotechnol Working Grp, Temperate Tree Nut Crops Working Grp, Consumer Hort & Master Gardeners Working Grp, Herbs Spices & Medicinal Plants Working Grp
ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; POTENTIALLY ANTICARCINOGENIC FLAVONOIDS;
   LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; RED WINE; BETA-CAROTENE;
   HUMAN PLASMA; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS; LUNG-CANCER
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 67
TC 187
Z9 205
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 588
EP 592
PG 5
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800011
ER

PT J
AU Braman, SK
   Duncan, RR
   Hanna, WW
   Hudson, WG
AF Braman, SK
   Duncan, RR
   Hanna, WW
   Hudson, WG
TI Evaluation of turfgrasses for resistance to mole crickets (Orthoptera :
   Gryllotalpidae)
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Scapteriscus vicious; S. borellii; tawny mole cricket; southern mole
   cricket; bermudagrass; Cynodon sp.; Paspalum vaginatum; host plant
   resistance; sod production; turfgrass management; integrated pest
   management
ID REGISTRATION; BERMUDAGRASS; INSECTS
AB Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp. and paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) genotypes were evaluated in laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments for potential resistance to the common turfgrass pests, tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-tos). Potential resistance among 21 seashore paspalums to both insects in an environmental chamber at 27 degrees C, 85% relative humidity, and 15 hours light/9 hours dark) revealed that Glenn Oaks 'Adalayd' was least tolerant of cricket injury, while 561-79, HI-1, and 'Escalibur' were most tolerant. Nymphal survival was not influenced by turfgrass type. Plant selections that maintained the highest percentage of their normal growth after 3 weeks of feeding by tawny mole crickets over three separate greenhouse trials mere 561-79, HI-1, HI-2, PI-509018, 'Excalibur', SIPV-1 paspalums, and 'Tifeagle' and 'Tifsport' bermudagrasses, Although none of the tested genotypes mas highly resistant to tawny mole cricket injury, 'TifSport' bermudagrass and 561-79 (Argentine) seashore paspalum mere most tolerant.
C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Georgia Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Georgia Expt Stn, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA.
   USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
RP Braman, SK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Georgia Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA.
NR 19
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 665
EP 668
PG 4
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800029
ER

PT J
AU Wood, BW
   Reilly, CC
AF Wood, BW
   Reilly, CC
TI Pest damage to pecan is affected by irrigation, nitrogen application,
   and fruit load
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Carya illinoinensis; integrated pest management; IPM; alternate bearing;
   crop thinning; water; aphids; mites; Melanocallis caryaefoliae;
   Eotetranychus hicoriae
ID RETURN BLOOM; LEAF SCORCH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; QUALITY; YIELD; APHID
AB Orchard trees of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh,) K, Koch] were subjected to combinations of cultural practices inducing differential physiological states so as to assess the potential for culture-related impact on damage to trees by key arthropod pests. Leaf N concentration, leaf water status, and crop load all affected foliar damage by black pecan aphids [BPA; Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis)] and pecan leaf scorch mite [PLSM; Eotetranychus hicoriae (McGregor)], as well as second-flush shoot growth. Damage to first-flush foliage in the late season by BPA generally diminished as leaf water status and leaf N concentration increased, but intensified with a reduction in crop load. Conversely, foliage damage by PLSM increased with elevated leaf water status and N concentration, but was unaffected by crop load. First- and second-order interactions for all combinations of cultural treatments conferring differential physiological states affected damage by pests and induction of second-flush shoot growth. Arthropod-induced defoliation on trees receiving highly favorable cultural practices-those producing high leaf N, high leaf water availability, and low crop load-was greater than on trees receiving minimal or lesser cultural inputs. Thus, cultural practices influencing leaf water status, N status, or crop load potentially act and interact to produce both desirable and undesirable side-effects on damage incurred by certain arthropod pests and therefore merit consideration in efforts to develop improved integrated pest management strategies.
C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA.
RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA.
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 669
EP 672
PG 4
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800030
ER

PT J
AU Bruton, BD
   Popham, TW
   Garcia-Jimenez, J
   Armengol, J
   Miller, ME
AF Bruton, BD
   Popham, TW
   Garcia-Jimenez, J
   Armengol, J
   Miller, ME
TI Disease reaction among selected cucurbitaceae to an Acremonium
   cucurbitacearum isolate from Texas
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE vine decline; root rot; disease severity index; soilborne disease;
   cucurbits; host-plant resistance; Citrullus sp.; Cucumis sp.; Cucurbita
   sp.; Lagenaria sp.; Luffa sp.
ID MONOSPORASCUS-CANNONBALLUS; CAUSAL AGENT; HOST-RANGE; MUSKMELON;
   COLLAPSE
AB Thirty-seven species within Cucurbitaceae representing the genera Citrullus, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Lagenaria, and Luffa were evaluated for disease reaction to an Acremonium cucurbitacearum A. Alfaro-Garcia, W. Gams, and Garcia-Jimenez, isolate (TX 941022) from the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. After 28 days in the greenhouse, seedling disease ratings were made on the hypocotyl, stem-rootjunction, primary root, and secondary roots. An additional disease measure was derived by averaging the four root disease ratings to establish a disease severity index (DSI). Vine and root dry weight were poor measures of plant damage caused by A. cucurbitacearum, According to the DSI, all species within Cucurbita, Lagenaria, Luffa, and three Cucumis sativus L. cultigens were rated as highly resistant to A. cucurbitacearum, Cucumis melo L. and Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai cultigens were the only cucurbits receiving DSI ratings of moderately resistant to susceptible.
C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA.
   USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA.
   Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Prod Vegetal, Unidad Patol Vegetal, Valencia 46020, Spain.
   Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA.
RP Bruton, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA.
EM bbruton-usda@lane-ag.org
OI Armengol, Josep/0000-0003-3815-8578
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 677
EP 680
PG 4
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800032
ER

PT J
AU Bender, RJ
   Brecht, JK
   Baldwin, EA
   Malundo, TMM
AF Bender, RJ
   Brecht, JK
   Baldwin, EA
   Malundo, TMM
TI Aroma volatiles of mature-green and tree-ripe 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes
   after controlled atmosphere vs. air storage
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE terpenes; acetaldehyde; ethanol; hexanal; Mangifera indica
ID CONSTITUENTS; COMPONENTS; FRUIT; CULTIVARS; HEADSPACE; QUALITY; FLAVOR
AB To determine the effects of fruit maturity, storage temperature, and controlled atmosphere (CA) on aroma volatiles, mature-green (MG) and tree-ripe (TR) 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes Mangifera indica L.) were stored for 21 days in air or in CA (5% O-2 plus 10% or 25% CO2), The MG fruit were stored at 12 degrees C and the TR fruit at either 8 or 12 degrees C, Homogenized mesocarp tissue from fruit that had ripened for 2 days in air at 20 degrees C after the 21-day storage period was used for aroma volatile analysis. The TR mangoes produced much higher levels of all aroma volatiles except hexanal than did MG fruit. Both MG and TR mangoes stored in 25% CO2 tended to have lower terpene (especially p-cymene and hexanal concentrations than did those stored in 10% CO2 and air-stored fruit, Acetaldehyde and ethanol levels tended to be higher in TR mangoes from 25% CO2 than in those from 10% CO2 or air storage, especially at 8 degrees C. Inhibition of volatile production by 25% CO2 was greater in MG than in TR mangoes, and at 8 degrees C compared to 12 degrees C for TR fruit. However, aroma volatile levels in TR mangoes from the 25% CO2 treatment were in all cases equal to or greater than those in RIG fruit treatments. The results suggest that properly selected atmospheres, which prolong mango shelf life by slowing ripening processes, can allow TR mangoes to be stored or shipped without sacrificing their superior aroma quality.
C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Georgia Expt Stn, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA.
RP Brecht, JK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, POB 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RI Bender, Renar/B-7972-2009; Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013
OI Bender, Renar/0000-0002-1504-0385; 
NR 25
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 684
EP 686
PG 3
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800034
ER

PT J
AU Alleyne, V
   Hagenmaier, RD
AF Alleyne, V
   Hagenmaier, RD
TI Candelilla-shellac: An alternative formulation for coating apples
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE candelilla; shellac; waxing; fruit-coating; quality; weight loss; Malus
   x domestica
ID GOLDEN-DELICIOUS APPLES; STORAGE; ATMOSPHERES; VOLATILES; QUALITY; FILMS
AB An experimental candelilla-shellac formulation for coating apples (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) was developed and compared with commercial shellac-based and carnauba-shellac-based coatings on 'Gala' and 'Delicious' apples by determining effects on quality attributes, respiration, and internal atmospheres. Fruit were stored at 5 degrees C for 7 days followed by storage at 21 degrees C for 14 days. Gloss of 'Delicious' apples coated with candelilla-shellac formulations containing 7% to 34% shellac increased with increasing shellac concentrations. 'Gala' and 'Delicious' apples coated with a candelilla formulation containing 34% shellac maintained quality similar to those coated with commercial carnauba-shellac-based coatings, as indicated by gloss, firmness, internal CO2, O-2 and ethanol levels, steady-state respiration rate, weight loss, and flavor. By comparison, shellac-coated fruit maintained the highest gloss throughout the experimental period. Shellac-coated apples were also firmer, contained more ethanol, and received higher flavor scores than did apples receiving other coating treatments. Gloss of all coated fruit decreased with time, although shellac-coated fruit lost less gloss over the 21-day storage period. Analysis of gloss, firmness, fruit respiration, ethanol, weight loss, and flavor demonstrate that the candelilla formulation containing 34% shellac is competitive with current commercial carnauba-based apple-coating products.
C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA.
RP Hagenmaier, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA.
NR 13
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 691
EP 693
PG 3
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800036
ER

PT J
AU Ramming, DW
   Emershad, RL
   Tarailo, R
AF Ramming, DW
   Emershad, RL
   Tarailo, R
TI A stenospermocarpic, seedless Vitis vinifera x Vitis rotundifolia hybrid
   developed by embryo rescue
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE grape; interspecific hybrid
ID CULTURE
AB Hybridizations between seedless Vitis vinifera L. genotypes and V. rotundifolia (Michx.) mere made specifically to introgress the seedless trait into the disease-resistant background of V. rotundifolia. The seedless, gynoecious P79-101 was hybridized with three V. rotundifolia parents, producing a total of 102 ovules. From these ovules, 34 embryos developed, producing 20 plants. Isozyme analyses and morphological traits confirmed that 19 of the plants were hybrids, Sixteen were planted in an experimental vineyard at California State Univ, Fresno, One seedling, C41-5, produced seedless fruit that appeared to be stenospermocarpic based on fruit and aborted seed size. Fruit weight was slightly less than that of 'Thompson Seedless' (stenospermocarpic) and at least twice that of parthenocarpic fruit of 'Black Corinth' and C41-7, a seeded hybrid with many parthenocarpic fruit Aborted seeds of C41-5 were larger than, but not significantly different from, those of 'Thompson Seedless', while parthenocarpic fruit from 'Black Corinth' and C41-7 had aborted seeds that were smaller than those of C41-5, Seed weight of C41-7 averaged almost 10 times that of aborted C41-5 seeds. This is the first report of a stenospermocarpic. seedless hybrid of V. vinifera x V. rotundifolia.
C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Postharvest Qual & Genet Res Unit, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
RP Ramming, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Postharvest Qual & Genet Res Unit, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
NR 17
TC 14
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 732
EP 734
PG 3
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800046
ER

PT J
AU Hokanson, KE
   Pooler, MR
AF Hokanson, KE
   Pooler, MR
TI Regeneration of ornamental cherry (Prunus) taxa from mature stored seed
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE organogenesis; growth regulators; cotyledon; hypocotyl; Prunus
   campanulata; P. maackii; P. sargentii; P. serrula; P. serrulata; P.
   subhirtella; P. virginiana; P. yedoensis
ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; DOMESTICA;
   COTYLEDONS; CULTIVARS; EMBRYOS; PERSICA; CALLUS; ALMOND; CROPS
AB Callus formation and adventitious shoot regeneration in vitro from mature stored seed were evaluated in eight ornamental cherry (Prunus) taxa: P. campanulata Maxim., P. maackii Rupr., P. sargentii Rehd., P. serrula Franch., P. serrulata Lindl., P. subhirtella Miq., P. virginiana L., and P. yedoensis Matsum. Several portions of the embryo (cotyledons and hypocotyl sections) and nine combinations of growth regulators (BA, 2,4-D, IBA, NAA, and TDZ) were compared. Effects of embryo portions and growth regulator treatments were generally small within taxa, but shoot formation differed among taxa. About 20% to 50% of the embryos from P. virginiana and P. serrula and approximate to 5% to 30% of those from P. maackii produced shoots. The other taxa generally did not produce shoots. Regeneration from mature stored seed in the responsive taxa represents a potential system for genetic transformation. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron (TDZ).
C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, Washington, DC 20002 USA.
RP Pooler, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA.
NR 23
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 745
EP 748
PG 4
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800050
ER

PT J
AU Nyczepir, AP
   Beckman, TG
AF Nyczepir, AP
   Beckman, TG
TI Host status of Guardian peach rootstock to Meloidogyne sp and M-javanica
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Prunus persica; resistance; root-knot nematode
ID PRUNUS
C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA.
RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA.
NR 4
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 772
EP 772
PG 1
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800058
ER

PT J
AU Scott, JW
   Harbaugh, BK
   Baldwin, EA
AF Scott, JW
   Harbaugh, BK
   Baldwin, EA
TI 'Micro-Tina' and 'Micro-Gemma' miniature dwarf tomatoes
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE cultivar; fruit color; Lycopersicon esculentum
C1 Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA.
   USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33880 USA.
RP Scott, JW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 5007 60th S E, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA.
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 774
EP 775
PG 2
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800060
ER

PT J
AU Ehlenfeldt, MK
   Vorsa, N
   Draper, AD
AF Ehlenfeldt, MK
   Vorsa, N
   Draper, AD
TI 'Chanticleer' highbush blueberry
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE fruit breeding; Vaccinium corymbosum; tetraploid; yield; fruit size;
   ripening date
C1 USDA ARS, Ruthgers Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA.
RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ruthgers Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA.
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 4
BP 780
EP 782
PG 3
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337UV
UT WOS:000088380800063
ER

PT J
AU Hamrita, TK
   Tollner, EW
   Schafer, RL
AF Hamrita, TK
   Tollner, EW
   Schafer, RL
TI Toward fulfilling the robotic farming vision: Advances in sensors and
   controllers for agricultural applications
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1996 IEEE Industry Applications Conference / 31st IAS Annual Meeting
CY OCT 06-10, 1996
CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc
DE controllers; robotic farming; sensors
ID SOIL; GUIDANCE
AB Real-time control is becoming an integral part of modern machine systems for high-quality agricultural production, Maintaining consistently high-quality agricultural production while keeping up with growing labor shortages is a challenge. Providing a work place for laborers which meets increasingly rigorous safety requirements and environmental constraints is likewise a challenge. More appropriate energy management and soil management have also motivated real-time control applications. Appropriate sensing and control systems can reduce labor requirements, function in difficult environments, and allow vehicles to adapt to varying soil chemical and physical states. Labor shortages and environmental constraints coupled with the reality of spatial variability of chemical and physical properties among and within agricultural production areas readily explain the migration toward real-time control of agricultural equipment. This paper presents a review of the most recent advances in the development of sensors and controllers for agricultural applications.
C1 Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   USDA ARS, Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA.
RP Hamrita, TK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
NR 68
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0093-9994
J9 IEEE T IND APPL
JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 4
BP 1026
EP 1032
DI 10.1109/28.855956
PG 7
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 341NQ
UT WOS:000088596800011
ER

PT J
AU Lee, HY
   Kehrli, ME
   Brogden, KA
   Gallup, JM
   Ackermann, MR
AF Lee, HY
   Kehrli, ME
   Brogden, KA
   Gallup, JM
   Ackermann, MR
TI Influence of beta(2)-integrin adhesion molecule expression and pulmonary
   infection with Pasteurella haemolytica on cytokine gene expression in
   cattle
SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
LA English
DT Article
ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED MASTITIS; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION;
   HOLSTEIN CATTLE; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES;
   PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;
   DEFICIENCY BLAD
AB beta(2)-Integrins are leukocyte adhesion molecules composed of alpha (CD11a, -b, -c, or -d) and beta (CD18) subunit heterodimers. Genetic CD18 deficiency results in impaired neutrophil egress into tissues that varies between conducting airways and alveoli of the lung. In this study, we investigated whether CD18 deficiency in cattle affects proinflammatory cytokine (PIC) expression in pulmonary tissue after respiratory infection with Pasteurella haemolytica. Cattle were infected with P. haemolytica via fiberoptic deposition of organisms into the posterior part of the right cranial lung lobe. Animals were euthanized at 2 or 4 h postinoculation (p.i.), and tissues were collected to assess PIC gene expression using antisense RNA probes specific for bovine interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-6, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) along with the beta-actin (beta-Act) housekeeping gene. Expression of PIC was induced at 2 h p.i. in P. haemolytica-infected cattle and continued to 4 h p.i. At 2 h p.i., induction of gene expression and increase of cells that expressed PIC were observed both in CD18(+) and CD18(-) cattle after inoculation of P. haemolytica. The induction of gene expression with P. haemolytica inoculation was more prominent in CD18- cattle than in CD18(+) cattle by comparison to pyrogen-free saline (PFS)-inoculated control animals. At 4 h p.i., however, the induction of PIG, especially IL-1 alpha, IL-6, and IFN-gamma, in the lungs of CD18(+) cattle inoculated with P. haemolytica was greater than that in lungs of the CD18(-) cattle. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha genes were not increased in P. haemolytica-inoculated CD18(-) cattle lungs compared to the PFS-inoculated control lungs at 4 h p.i. In PFS-inoculated lungs, we generally observed a higher percentage of cells and higher level of gene expression in the lungs of CD18(-) cattle than in the lungs of CD18(+) cattle, especially at 4 h p.i. The rate of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs of CD18(-) cattle at 2 h p.i. was significantly higher than that of CD18(+) cattle; at I h p.i., there was no difference between the two groups. These data suggest that beta(2)-integrins may contribute to the induction of expression of some PIC genes, as a consequence of P. Haemolytica infection.
C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   USDA ARS, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med, 2738 Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NR 50
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0019-9567
J9 INFECT IMMUN
JI Infect. Immun.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 68
IS 7
BP 4274
EP 4281
DI 10.1128/IAI.68.7.4274-4281.2000
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 326AT
UT WOS:000087710200060
PM 10858245
ER

PT J
AU Clausen, CA
   Green, F
   Woodward, BM
   Evans, JW
   DeGroot, RC
AF Clausen, CA
   Green, F
   Woodward, BM
   Evans, JW
   DeGroot, RC
TI Correlation between oxalic acid production and copper tolerance in
   Wolfiporia cocos
SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION
LA English
DT Article
DE oxalic acid; copper tolerance; copper citrate; preservatives; Wolfiporia
   cocos
ID BROWN-ROT FUNGI; AGAR MEDIA; WOOD; FR; PRESERVATIVES; PLACENTA; STRAINS;
   METALS; DECAY; GRAY
AB The increased interest in copper-based wood preservatives has hastened the need for understanding why some fungi are able to attack copper-treated wood. Due in part to accumulation of oxalic acid by brown-rot fungi and visualization of copper oxalate crystals in wood decayed by known copper-tolerant decay fungi, oxalic acid has been implicated in copper tolerance by the formation of copper oxalate crystals. Nineteen isolates of the brown-rot fungus Wolfiporia cocos were evaluated for oxalic acid production and weight loss on wood treated with 1.2% copper citrate. Twelve of 19 isolates that caused moderate to high weight losses in copper citrate-treated wood produced low oxalic acid in liquid culture, whereas isolates with high oxalic acid production had low weight losses in treated wood. Seven W. cocos isolates demonstrated enhanced weight loss in Cu-treated wood. Wood weight loss was unaffected by the presence of copper citrate for two W. cocos isolates and weight loss was lower for 10 isolates compared to weight losses in untreated wood. Citrate did not significantly influence oxalic acid production in liquid culture. Previous hypotheses linking oxalic acid and copper tolerance were based upon observations of single isolates of Postia and Tyromyces . Although most isolates produced more oxalic acid in copper citrate-treated wood than in untreated wood, we found no statistical relationship between the amount of oxalic acid production in liquid culture or wood and copper tolerance in W. cocos. Production of oxalic acid does not seem to be the factor controlling copper tolerance in W. cocos. The diversity seen within W. cocos demonstrates that caution should be used when reporting results, so that generalizations are not based on the behavior of a single isolate. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
NR 35
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0964-8305
J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR
JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 46
IS 1
SI SI
BP 69
EP 76
DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00044-5
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 357NW
UT WOS:000089508600010
ER

PT J
AU Green, F
AF Green, F
TI Inhibition of decay fungi using cotton cellulose hydrolysis as a model
   for wood decay
SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION
LA English
DT Article
DE brown-rot; antioxidant; cellulose hydrolysis; wood decay; exoglucanase
ID BROWN-ROT FUNGUS; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MECHANISM;
   DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; LOCALIZATION; OXIDASE; REAGENT; IRON
AB Environmental pressures to replace chromium and arsenic in fixed waterborne preservatives have been increasing. Potential inhibitors of brown-, white- and soft-rot fungi need to be evaluated as alternative preservatives by screening and testing in, in vitro, model systems. This paper reports the inhibition of cellulose depolymerization and weight loss of selected decay fungi by 11 chemical compounds. The ability to depolymerize carbohydrate polymers is analogous to strength loss of wood which can occur independently of utilization (weight loss). Cotton cellulose was pretreated with 10% solutions of compounds selected for their unique ability to stain wood components, dye cellulose or to act as a scavenger of active oxygen species. Cotton cellulose was exposed to three brown-rot fungi (Gloeophyllum, trabeum MAD-617; Postia placenta MAD-698 and Tyromyces palustris TYP-6137) and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor MAD-697. After 12 weeks exposure to the fungi in modified soil-block tests. cotton samples were removed and tested for weight loss: reduction in degree of polymerization (DP) and elemental analysis by inductive coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. Only two compounds tested (NHA and ruthenium red) inhibited weight loss for all fungi tested. The remaining compounds were selective in their ability to prevent weight loss or inhibit reduction in DP. In general, antioxidants were only effective against blown-rot fungi. Independent mechanisms of cellulose hydrolysis by brown- and white-rot fungi demonstrates one problem inherent in development of target specific wood preservatives not evident in preservatives containing broad-spectrum biocides, i.e. different mechanisms require different inhibitors. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Green, F (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
NR 45
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0964-8305
J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR
JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 46
IS 1
SI SI
BP 77
EP 82
DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00057-3
PG 6
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 357NW
UT WOS:000089508600011
ER

PT J
AU Youdim, KA
   Martin, A
   Joseph, JA
AF Youdim, KA
   Martin, A
   Joseph, JA
TI Essential fatty acids and the brain: possible health implications
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID MEMBRANE LIPID-COMPOSITION; GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; DIETARY FISH-OIL;
   RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS;
   AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; OXIDATIVE STRESS;
   ARACHIDONIC-ACID
AB Linoleic and a-linolenic acid are essential for normal cellular function, and act as precursors for the synthesis of longer chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), which have been shown to partake in numerous cellular functions affecting membrane fluidity, membrane enzyme activities and eicosanoid synthesis. The brain is particularly rich in PUFAs such as DHA, and changes in tissue membrane composition of these PUFAs reflect that of the dietary source. The decline in structural and functional integrity of this tissue appears to correlate with loss in membrane DHA concentrations. Arachidonic acid, also predominant in this tissue, is a major precursor for the synthesis of eicosanoids, that serve as intracellular or extracellular signals. With aging comes a likely increase in reactive oxygen species and hence a concomitant decline in membrane PUFA concentrations, and with it, cognitive impairment. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease also appear to exhibit membrane loss of PUFAs. Thus it may be that an optimal diet with a balance of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may help to delay their onset or reduce the insult to brain Functions which these diseases elicit. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Neurosci, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Youdim, KA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Neurosci, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 162
TC 245
Z9 254
U1 6
U2 50
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0736-5748
J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI
JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 18
IS 4-5
BP 383
EP 399
DI 10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00013-7
PG 17
WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences
SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 321MG
UT WOS:000087458800006
PM 10817922
ER

PT J
AU Robinson, JM
AF Robinson, JM
TI Dark and daylight activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and
   6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the leaves of nitrogen-limited
   spinach and soybean plants
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase;
   NADPH; nitrogen-limitation; nitrogen-stress; pentose phosphate oxidative
   cycle; soybeans; spinach
ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON; NITRITE
   REDUCTION; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; CHLOROPLASTS; LIGHT; INACTIVATION;
   MODULATION; ACTIVATION
AB Mature leaves of nitrate- and ammonia-limited soybean plants often have an elevated activity of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes (de Veau et al. 1992). In this study, activities of the pentose phosphate oxidative cycle enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDHase) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDHase) were monitored and compared in extracts of mature leaves from inorganic nitrogen-sufficient (N-Suff) and nitrogen-limited (N-Lim) spinach and soybean plants. Activities of G6PDHase and 6PGDHase in leaf extracts of N-Lim plants monitored just subsequent to a 10-h dark period and before illumination were higher per unit protein than were the activities of those enzymes in leaf extracts of N-Suff control plants. G6PDHase and 6PGDHase activities in extracts prepared from leaves of control N-Suff spinach and soybean plants exposed to light were only slightly lower than had been observed before illumination. However, G6PDHase and 6PGDHase in extracts from N-Lim plants exhibited a more pronounced light-mediated inactivation. This indicated that there were isoenzymes of G6PDHase and 6PGDHase that were more active in the dark period in N-Lim plant leaves than in N-Suff plant leaves. The results also indicated that in leaves of plants exposed to prolonged periods of N limitation, elevated levels and activity of G6PDHase and 6PGDHase would provide an increased amount of NADPH in the dark to help support foliar anabolic metabolism, plant growth, and ultimate reproductive activity, e.g., soybean pod fill. This would be important in N-Lim plant leaves because photosynthetic NADPH production is lower in the light than in leaves of plants receiving sufficient N.
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Nat Resources, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Robinson, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Nat Resources, Climate Stress Lab, Bldg 046A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 5
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA
SN 1058-5893
J9 INT J PLANT SCI
JI Int. J. Plant Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 161
IS 4
BP 651
EP 657
DI 10.1086/314284
PG 7
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 342HT
UT WOS:000088639700011
ER

PT J
AU Pendleton, RL
AF Pendleton, RL
TI Pre-inoculation by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhances male
   reproductive output of Cucurbita foetidissima
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE buffalo gourd; Cucurbita foetidissima; Glomus intraradices; male
   reproductive output; gynodioecy; sex allocation
ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; POLLEN GRAIN-SIZE; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI;
   PEPO CUCURBITACEAE; CULTIVATED PLANTS; SOIL FERTILITY; SEED YIELD;
   INFECTION; GROWTH; RESPONSES
AB Male and female reproductive output of Cucurbita foetidissima, a gynodioecious native perennial, was examined in a 2-yr greenhouse/outplanting study. Plants were divided into three treatment groups: (1) a low-phosphorus (P) soil mix control; (2) a low-P soil mix with the addition of mycorrhizal inoculum (Glomus intraradices); and (3) a high-P soil mix. Plants were outplanted after one summer of greenhouse growth and harvested in the fall of the second year. High-P treatment plants grew best during the first year, having significantly longer vines than either low-P treatment. By the end of the second year, however, treatment had no significant effect on either aboveground biomass or weight of the tuberous storage root. Tissue concentrations of N and P also did not differ significantly with treatment. Male reproductive output was significantly enhanced by the addition of mycorrhizal inoculum, resulting in a threefold increase over control plants in the production of male flowers. In contrast, treatment had no significant effect on aspects of female reproductive output, including number of female flowers, percent fruit set, total fruit biomass produced by the plant, or mean fruit weight. Fruit production was correlated with vegetative aboveground biomass and is likely reflective of carbon status. These results suggest that mycorrhizal colonization may differentially influence male and female components of plant reproduction.
C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA.
RP Pendleton, RL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA.
NR 57
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 12
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA
SN 1058-5893
J9 INT J PLANT SCI
JI Int. J. Plant Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 161
IS 4
BP 683
EP 689
DI 10.1086/314281
PG 7
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 342HT
UT WOS:000088639700014
ER

PT J
AU Phaff, HJ
   Starmer, WT
   Kurtzman, CP
AF Phaff, HJ
   Starmer, WT
   Kurtzman, CP
TI Pichia hawaiiensis sp nov., occurring in decaying bark of Charpentiera
   trees in the Hawaiian archipelago
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pichia hawaiiensis sp nov.; phylogenetic analysis; large-subunit rDNA
   analysis
ID ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; IDENTIFICATION
AB A description is given for Pichia hawaiiensis sp. nov., a nitrate-utilizing member of the genus Pichia E. C. Hansen emend. Kurtzman. Seven strains of the new species were isolated during the years 1972, 1973 and 1978 from rotting bark of the Hawaiian tree genera Charpentiera, Pisonia and Cheirodendron. P, hawaiiensis is heterothallic but appears to occur in nature mainly in the diploid state. Asci are deliquescent and produce up to four hat-shaped spores per ascus. Phylogenetic analysis of the 600 nucleotide D1/D2 domain of the 265 rDNA showed that P, hawaiiensis is most closely related to Pichia populi and Williopsis californica (syn. Hansenula californica). The type strain of P. hawaiiensis, isolated on the island of Hawaii from the rotting bark of Charpentiera sp, containing insect larvae, is strain UCD-FST 72-181(T)(= ATCC MYA-137(T) = CBS 8760(T) = NRRL Y-27270(T)).
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Phaff, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE,
   BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1466-5026
J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR
JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 50
BP 1683
EP 1686
PN 4
PG 4
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 338EV
UT WOS:000088405900033
PM 10939676
ER

PT J
AU Thompson, TE
   Grauke, LJ
AF Thompson, TE
   Grauke, LJ
TI 'Pawnee' pecan
SO JOURNAL AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS
C1 USDA ARS, Somerville, TX 77879 USA.
RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rt 2,Box 133, Somerville, TX 77879 USA.
NR 10
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC
PI UNIVERSITY PK
PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA
SN 1527-3741
J9 J AMER POMOLOG SOC
JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 54
IS 3
BP 110
EP 113
PG 4
WC Agronomy; Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337WK
UT WOS:000088385900001
ER

PT J
AU Gupton, CL
AF Gupton, CL
TI Muscadine traits potentially useful in breeding
SO JOURNAL AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAPES
AB Twenty-seven muscadine cultivars were evaluated to characterize them for traits that are potentially useful in breeding. Ranges among cultivars were: Yield-31 Kg per vine, percentage of berries with dry scar-41, berry weight-10 g, degrees Brix-6, number of seeds per berry-1, pH of ripe berries-0.9, and seed weight-8 g, suggesting that gains from breeding is possible for most traits. Fresh fruit cultivars need improvement in one or more of these traits. Pearson correlation coefficients of yield versus berry weight and seed weight were either negative or non-significant. Unlike most small fruits, berry weight was either not correlated or negatively correlated with number of seeds per berry. Variation in seed count among cultivars was small. Most cultivars produced three or four seeds per berry. Only 'Summit' and 'Fry' produced less than three seeds per berry. Except in 1998, the relationship between number of seeds per berry and seed weight was not significant.
C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA.
RP Gupton, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA.
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC
PI UNIVERSITY PK
PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA
SN 1527-3741
J9 J AMER POMOLOG SOC
JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 54
IS 3
BP 114
EP 117
PG 4
WC Agronomy; Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337WK
UT WOS:000088385900002
ER

PT J
AU Marek, LJ
   Koskinen, WC
   Bresnahan, GA
AF Marek, LJ
   Koskinen, WC
   Bresnahan, GA
TI LC/MS analysis of cyclohexanedione oxime herbicides in water
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE alloxydim; clethodim; sethoxydim; LC/MS; electrospray
ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SETHOXYDIM RESIDUES; SOIL;
   PRODUCTS
AB A multiresidue method for the determination of alloxydim (methyl 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-[1-[2-propenyloxy)amino]butylidene]cyclohexanecarboxylate), clethodim ((E,E)-(+/-)-2-[1-[[3-chloro-2-propenyl)oxy]imino]propyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one), sethoxydim ((+/-)-2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one), and two metabolites, clethodim sulfoxide ((E,E)-(+/-)-2-[1-[[3-chloro-2-propenyl)oxy]imino]propyl]-5[2-(ethylsulfinyl)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one) and sethoxydim sulfoxide ((+/-)-2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-ethyl-sulfinyl)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one), in water by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray/mass spectrometry (LC/ES/MS) is reported. River water and distilled water were spiked at 0.08 and 0.8 mu g L-1 with all three herbicides, which were then extracted from the water by C-18-SPE (SPE = solid-phase extraction). The herbicides and metabolites were quantified and confirmed using selected ion monitoring. The percent recoveries of the herbicides from water spiked at 0.8 mu g L-l were as follows: alloxydim, 117 +/- 11%; clethodim, 96 +/- 14%; sethoxydim, 89 +/- 13%. There was no evidence of oxidation of clethodim and sethoxydim during the extraction to their respective sulfoxides. The limit of quantitation was <0.1 mu g L-1. We have shown that we can analyze and confirm three cyclohexanedione oxime herbicides and two metabolites in water by LC/ES/MS. This multiresidue method should also be appropriate for other cyclohexanedione oximes.
C1 Minnesota Dept Agr, Lab Serv Div, St Paul, MN 55107 USA.
   USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58103 USA.
RP Marek, LJ (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Agr, Lab Serv Div, 90 W Plato Blvd, St Paul, MN 55107 USA.
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 7
BP 2797
EP 2801
DI 10.1021/jf990513t
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 336TT
UT WOS:000088319600030
PM 10898624
ER

PT J
AU Kochansky, J
AF Kochansky, J
TI Synthesis of (diethyl-d(10)) coumaphos and related compounds
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE coumaphos-d(10); potasan-d(10); deuterated pesticides; labeled
   pesticides
ID CATTLE-DIPPING VATS
AB Two deuterated insecticides were prepared for use as internal standards for gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses. Diethyl chlorothiophosphate-d(10) was prepared by reaction of ethanol-d(6) with P2S5 to give labeled diethyldithiophosphoric acid, followed by chlorination. Treatment of the acid chloride with 3-chloro-4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin and potassium carbonate in acetone at reflux gave labeled coumaphos. An analogous reaction with 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin gave labeled potasan, and the technique should be usable for synthesis of labeled forms of other dialkyl thiophosphate insecticides.
C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Kochansky, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 7
BP 2826
EP 2828
DI 10.1021/jf991125u
PG 3
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 336TT
UT WOS:000088319600036
PM 10898630
ER

PT J
AU Buttery, RG
   Light, DM
   Nam, Y
   Merrill, GB
   Roitman, JN
AF Buttery, RG
   Light, DM
   Nam, Y
   Merrill, GB
   Roitman, JN
TI Volatile components of green walnut husks
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE walnuts; husks; volatiles; GC-MS; identification; codling moth;
   aflatoxin
ID BIOSYNTHESIS
AB Volatiles were isolated from whole green mature walnuts (Hartley variety) with husks still intact using dynamic headspace sweeping with trapping on Tenax. A total of 45 volatile compounds were identified by GC-MS. Major volatiles identified included (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, pinocarvone, pinocarveol, myrtenal, myrtenol, (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene, caryophyllene epoxide, verbenol, verbenone, and terpinolene. Green walnuts that had been infested with codling moth showed appreciably higher amounts emitted for (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene, alpha- and beta-pinenes, sabinene, (E)-beta-ocimene, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, and linalool. The infested nuts also emitted benzyl methyl ether, isobutyl cyanide, and 1-nitro-3-methylbutane, compounds not found with the healthy nuts. Volatiles from uninfested green walnuts at the maturity stage where the husk was just beginning to split were also analyzed and compared.
C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
RP Buttery, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
NR 11
TC 30
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 7
BP 2858
EP 2861
DI 10.1021/jf000288b
PG 4
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 336TT
UT WOS:000088319600043
PM 10898636
ER

PT J
AU Goodner, KL
   Jella, P
   Rouseff, RL
AF Goodner, KL
   Jella, P
   Rouseff, RL
TI Determination of vanillin in orange, grapefruit, tangerine, lemon, and
   lime juices using GC-olfactometry and GC-MS/MS
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE vanilla; GC-O; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; flavor;
   olfactometry; orange; tangerine; lemon; lime
ID AROMA; ODORANTS; COMPONENTS; VOLATILES; CHARACTER; WHITE; WINES
AB The presence of vanillin in orange, tangerine, lemon, lime, and grapefruit juices has been identified and confirmed using high-resolution OC retention index values, mass spectra, and aroma quality. The impact of vanillin on the flavor score for grapefruit juice is discussed and reported to be minimal. Vanillin concentrations are determined to be in the low parts-per-million range for the various citrus juices. The calculated concentrations in the orange, tangerine, lemon, lime, and grapefruit; juices are 0.20, 0.35, 0.41, 0.35, and 0.60 ppm,respectively. Pasteurization produced an average 15% increase in the concentration of vanillin in grapefruit juices. Vanillin did not correlate well with the overall flavor score despite a rather intense signal using OSME gas chromatography-olfactometry software.
C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA.
RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA.
NR 25
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 7
BP 2882
EP 2886
DI 10.1021/jf990561d
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 336TT
UT WOS:000088319600048
PM 10898641
ER

PT J
AU Walter, WM
   Truong, VD
   Wiesenborn, DP
   Carvajal, P
AF Walter, WM
   Truong, VD
   Wiesenborn, DP
   Carvajal, P
TI Rheological and physicochemical properties of starches from moist- and
   dry-type sweetpotatoes
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE sweetpotato starch; texture; differential scanning calorimetry;
   Brabender amylograph; rapid viscoanalyzer
ID RAPID VISCO-ANALYZER; AMYLOSE CONTENT; POTATO TEXTURE
AB Although starch makes up from 50 to 70% of sweetpotato (SP) dry matter, its role in cooked texture is unknown. The purpose of this research was to characterize raw starches isolated from SP cultivars and experimental selections (C/S) with a wide range of textural properties when cooked and to investigate the relationship between textural properties of the cooked roots and characteristics of the isolated starches. Shear stress measured by uniaxial compression of cooked SP cylinders served as an objective measure of SP texture. Starches were isolated from CIS representing three SP texture types: moist (Jewel and Beauregard); intermediate (NC10-28 and NC2-26); and dry (NC6-30 and NC8-22). The following parameters of isolated starches were measured: amylose content by colorimetric and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) methods; swelling power, solubility, gelatinization enthalpy (Delta H), and pasting properties by Brabender amylograph (BA) and rapid viscoanalyzer (RVA). Pasting temperatures for SP C/S measured by BA and RVA were significantly correlated. Due to high shear degradation in RVA, RVA viscosities of starch suspensions decreased as much as 40% during cooking at 95 degrees C, whereas the BA viscosities changed little at this temperature. There were no statistically significant differences among the C/S for amylose or Delta H. However, significant CIS differences in swelling power, solubility, and pasting properties were observed. Although differences in some rheological and physical properties were observed for C/S starches, shear stress was statistically correlated only with DSC onset temperature (r = 0.78), indicating that factors other than the properties measured on isolated starches are mainly responsible for the texture of cooked SP C/S.
C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   N Dakota State Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Fargo, ND 58103 USA.
RP Walter, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM wmwalter@ncsu.edu
RI Carvajal-Rondanelli, Patricio/D-4167-2011
NR 30
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
EI 1520-5118
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 7
BP 2937
EP 2942
DI 10.1021/jf9909631
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 336TT
UT WOS:000088319600057
PM 10898648
ER

PT J
AU Tellez, MR
   Dayan, FE
   Schrader, KK
   Wedge, DE
   Duke, SO
AF Tellez, MR
   Dayan, FE
   Schrader, KK
   Wedge, DE
   Duke, SO
TI Composition and some biological activities of the essential oil of
   Callicarpa americana (L.)
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Callicarpa americana; essential oil composition; fungi; algae; plant;
   bioactivity
AB The essential oil profile of Callicarpa americana was examined. Samples were collected from Lafayette county in north central Mississippi, and GC-MS data and retention indices were used to identify 67 oil components. Humulene epoxide II (13.9%), alpha-humulene (10.0%), 7-epi-alpha-eudesmol (9.4%), beta-pinene (8.8%), and 1-octen-3-ol (8.5%) were the major components of the steam-distilled oil. The oil was selectively toxic toward the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata compared to Oscillatoria agardhii and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum, with complete growth inhibition at 28.5 mu g/mL. The oil was only mildly phytotoxic and antifungal.
C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38677 USA.
RP Tellez, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Box 8048, Oxford, MS 38677 USA.
RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009
OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499
NR 14
TC 44
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 7
BP 3008
EP 3012
DI 10.1021/jf991026g
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 336TT
UT WOS:000088319600069
PM 10898657
ER

PT J
AU Hahn, WF
   Green, RD
AF Hahn, WF
   Green, RD
TI Joint costs in meat retailing
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE beef; chicken; derived demand; joint costs; pork; price transmission;
   retail meat margins
ID DEMAND
AB A dynamic econometric model relating wholesale meat prices to retail prices and wholesale meat demand is estimated using monthly data on U.S. prices and quantities of beef, pork, and chicken. The hypothesis that meat retailing costs are separable is rejected; that is, the data support joint costs in meat retailing. The hypothesis that there are fixed proportions between wholesale meat inputs and retail meat outputs is accepted.
C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Hahn, WF (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI LOGAN
PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT
   84322-3530 USA
SN 0162-1912
J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON
JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 25
IS 1
BP 109
EP 127
PG 19
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 318NB
UT WOS:000087289300007
ER

PT J
AU Hatfield, PG
   Field, RA
   Hopkins, JA
   Kott, RW
AF Hatfield, PG
   Field, RA
   Hopkins, JA
   Kott, RW
TI Palatability of wethers fed an 80% barley diet processed at different
   ages and of yearling wethers grazed on native range
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE age; finishing; flavor; lamb (meat); tenderness
ID CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; RAM LAMBS; EWE; WEIGHT; GROWTH; FLAVOR; BREED
AB Seasonal availability of lamb in the Western United States contributes to a large fluctuation in lamb supply and value. However, alternatives to fall marketing may not be practical unless palatability traits are acceptable. A 3-yr study was conducted to investigate 1) the effects of slaughter age (7 to 8; 10 to 11; or 14 to 15 mo) on carcass and palatability characteristics of wethers fed an 80% barley diet (Exp. 1); and 2) the effects of finishing on range or on an 80% barley diet on carcass and palatability traits of 14- to 15-mo-old wethers (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, no differences (P =.27) were detected in flavor intensity or longissimus muscle area among slaughter age groups, but fat depth was greater (P <.05) for 7- to 8-mo-old wethers than for 10-to 11- or 14- to 15-mo-old wethers. Year x slaughter age interactions were detected (P <.10) for hot carcass weight, Warner-Bratzler shear value, body wall thickness, and percentage kidney fat. Hot carcass weight was greater (P <.05) for 14- to 15-mo-old wethers than for both groups of younger wethers in yr 1, did not differ (P =.53) among slaughter ages in yr 2, and was greater (P <.05) for 10- to 11- than for 14- to 15-mo-old wethers in yr 3. Warner-Bratzler shear values did not differ (P >.10) among slaughter ages in yr 1 and 3, but shear values for 14- to 15-mo-old wethers were greater (P <.05) than for both younger slaughter age groups in yr 2. Percentage kidney fat was lower (P <.05) for 14- to 15- than for 7- to 8-mo-old wethers in all years. In Exp. 2, flavor intensity of the meat did not differ (P =.35) between finishing systems, but longissimus muscle area was greater (P =.02) for range-finished wethers than for wethers fed an 80% barley diet. Year x finishing treatment interactions were detected (P <.10) for shear values, body wall thickness, percentage kidney fat, and fat depth. Shear values were greater (P =.10) for range-finished wethers than for wethers fed an 80% barley diet in yr 1, but did not differ (P >.55) in yr 2 and 3. Body wall and fat measurements were greater (P <.10) for wethers fed an 80% barley diet than for range-finished wethers in all years except yr 3, when fat depth did not differ (P =.47). Overall, slaughtering wethers fed an 80% barley diet or range-finished wethers at older ages produced acceptable carcasses with desirable meat palatability traits.
C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
   USDA ARS, Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA.
RP Hatfield, PG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, 230 Linfield Hall,POB 172900, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 7
BP 1779
EP 1785
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 335AB
UT WOS:000088218400010
PM 10907819
ER

PT J
AU Luginbuhl, JM
   Pond, KR
   Burns, JC
   Fisher, DS
AF Luginbuhl, JM
   Pond, KR
   Burns, JC
   Fisher, DS
TI Intake and chewing behavior of steers consuming switchgrass preserved as
   hay or silage
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE feeding behavior; hay; Panicum virgatum; silage; steers
ID WILTED GRASS-SILAGE; PARTICLE-SIZE; INGESTIVE MASTICATION; VOLUNTARY
   INTAKE; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; RUMINATION; CATTLE; DIGESTA; HEIFERS; SHEEP
AB Effect of preservation method on intake and chewing behavior was examined using a first, late vegetative harvest (mid-June) of Kanlow switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). For silage (S), forage was harvested with a commercial field chopper (1.5 to 4 cm average chop length) and ensiled directly in silos 1.2 m in diameter and 3.6 m in height. For hay (H), forage was harvested with a flail-chopper (7 to 15 cm average chop length) and cured as hay in a drier at 77 degrees C. Diets of H and S were fed to six Hereford steers (338 +/- 5 kg) in a single crossover experiment. Chewing behavior was monitored for 4 d with a computerized system. At feeding, H was higher in DM and contained greater concentrations (DM basis) of NDF, CP, and hemicellulose, but lower concentrations of ADF and cellulose, and had lower in vitro DM disappearance values. Steers fed S had higher intakes of DM (P < .02) and NDF (P < .04) and consumed less water from the water supply (P < .01) than animals fed H. However, total amount of water (from water supply and feed) consumed per kilogram of DMI did not differ between diets. Crude protein intake was similar between diets. Preservation method had no effect on eating time, number of boli ruminated, bolus duration, and number of rumination chews per bolus. Steers fed S made fewer eating chews (P < .10) and ruminated for a longer time (P < .05) while making a greater number of rumination chews (P < .04) than steers fed H. Rumination intercycle time was slightly shorter in steers fed H (P < .05) than in steers fed S. When expressed per kilogram of NDF intake, steers fed S spent less time eating (P < .03) and made fewer eating chews (P < .02) than steers fed H; however, rumination time, number of rumination chews, and number of boli ruminated were not affected by preservation method. Steers fed S ingested feed at a greater rate (P < .03), excreted smaller fecal particles (P < .03), had meals of shorter duration (P < .06), spent less time eating during main meals (meals following feed distribution: P < .05), had more rumination periods (P < .01), and a shorter morning (P < .06) latency time (interval between end of main meal and onset of rumination) than steers fed H. These results indicate that preservation method with its concomitant differences in chop length affected forage chemical composition and voluntary intake, and that differences in chewing behavior occurred mostly during eating.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Program Int Nutr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA USA.
   Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP Luginbuhl, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
NR 32
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 7
BP 1983
EP 1989
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 335AB
UT WOS:000088218400033
PM 10907842
ER

PT J
AU Lane, MA
   Baldwin, RL
   Jesse, BW
AF Lane, MA
   Baldwin, RL
   Jesse, BW
TI Sheep rumen metabolic development in response to age and dietary
   treatments
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ketogenesis; metabolism; rumen; sheep; substrates; volatile fatty acids
ID MITOCHONDRIAL 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COA SYNTHASE; EXPRESSION;
   CELLS; ACIDS
AB This study examined the time course of rumen metabolic development in the absence of solid feed consumption and the effect of delayed solid feed consumption on sheep rumen development. Twenty-seven lambs consumed milk replacer until slaughter at nine ages from 1 to 84 d (milk group). Three additional lambs consumed milk replacer from 1 to 48 d. From 49 d until slaughter at 84 d, these lambs were weaned onto solid feed (fed group). At slaughter, rumen contents were removed for VFA analysis and rumen epithelium was preserved for morphological examination. Rumen epithelial cells were isolated and incubated in media containing 2.5 mM U-[C-14]-glucose or 10 mM 1-[C-14]-butyrate. Rumen VFA concentrations did not change with age in lambs given milk replacer. At 84 d of age, intraruminal VFA concentrations were elevated in lambs consuming solid feed compared to 84-d-old lambs given milk replacer (P < .05). The number of ruminal papillae per square centimeter decreased (P < .05) while papillae length and width did not change significantly with age in rumen epithelium from lambs given milk replacer. At 84 d of age, rumen epithelium from lambs in the fed group had fewer and larger papillae/per square centimeter than rumen epithelium from lambs given milk replacer (P < .05). Rates of glucose and butyrate oxidation and acetoacetate and lactate production by rumen cells isolated from lambs given milk replacer did not change with age. beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) production was undetectable before 42 d of age in lambs given milk replacer and increased to levels found in conventionally raised adults by 84 d. At 84 d there were no differences in rates of glucose and butyrate oxidation or acetoacetate and lactate production by rumen cells between the two treatment groups. Thus, the change in substrate oxidation from glucose to butyrate, indicative of rumen metabolic maturation, does not occur in the absence of solid feed consumption. However, the development of rumen ketogenesis, as evidenced by increased BHBA production, does occur in the absence of solid feed consumption. Delaying the initiation of solid feed consumption results in rumen morphological development but does not stimulate rumen metabolic development. Increased intraruminal VFA concentrations, earlier exposure to VFA, or a longer period of exposure to VFA may be required to induce the genes responsible for rumen metabolic development.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
   USDA ARS, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Jesse, BW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
NR 19
TC 47
Z9 55
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 7
BP 1990
EP 1996
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 335AB
UT WOS:000088218400034
PM 10907843
ER

PT J
AU Prior, RL
   Cao, GH
AF Prior, RL
   Cao, GH
TI Analysis of botanicals and dietary supplements for antioxidant capacity:
   A review
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Review
ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; HUMAN PLASMA; RED
   WINE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; DEGENERATIVE DISEASES;
   ABSORBING CAPACITY; BRUSSELS-SPROUTS; AUTOMATED-ASSAY
AB Free radicals and other reactive species are considered to be important causative factors in the development of diseases of aging such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This relationship has led to considerable interest in assessing the antioxidant capacity of foods and botanicals and other nutritional antioxidant supplements. The use of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay as a tool for antioxidant assessment is described and proposed as a method for comparing botanical sources and for staradardizing nutritional supplements. The free radical or oxidant source is important and direct comparisons cannot be made between procedures that use different sources. The ORAC procedure uses 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical source, which is relevant to biological systems because the peroxyl radical is the most abundant free radical. Other oxidant sources (hydroxyl radical and Cu(++)) can also be used to characterize antioxidants in botanicals, Phenolics or polyphenolics are responsible for most of the antioxidant capacity in fruits, vegetables, and most botanical antioxidant supplements, Although little is known about the absorption and metabolism of these components, improvement in the in vivo antioxidant status has been observed in human subjects following consumption of antioxidant botanicals. The ORAC method provides a basis from which to establish appropriate dietary intakes that might impact health outcomes.
C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA ARS, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 94
TC 129
Z9 136
U1 1
U2 17
PU AOAC INT
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 4
BP 950
EP 956
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 343FG
UT WOS:000088690600019
PM 10995120
ER

PT J
AU Acock, MC
   Pachepsky, YA
AF Acock, MC
   Pachepsky, YA
TI Estimating missing weather data for agricultural simulations using group
   method of data handling
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE
AB Contacting weather stations via modems to obtain weather data for crop simulations has become a common practice. Users sometimes encounter gaps in these data, and techniques are needed to estimate weather variables for days when the data are absent. The authors hypothesized that such estimations can be made using data from before and after the day with no data. Dependencies of weather variables of a particular day on weather variables from several days before and after could be very complex. To find and to express these dependencies, group method of data handling (GMDH), which is a tool for modeling complex "input-output" relationships by building hierarchical polynomial regression networks, was used. Data on daily solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperatures. and wind runs collected daily in Stoneville, Mississippi, during May-September of 1982-92 were used. Fourteen-hundred sequential 7-day datasets from the database were extracted. For each dataset, the authors assumed that weather variables on the fourth day were unknown and had to be found from the weather variables of days 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7. Seventy-five percent of these data were used to iind the hierarchical polynomial regression, and 25% were used to evaluate it. Correlation coefficients between calculated and actual parameters were similar for training and evaluation datasets. Coefficients of determination (R-2) were about 0.88 for minimum temperature. 0.80 for maximum temperature, and 0.80 for wind run. Accuracy of the solar radiation and precipitation estimates was lower, and R-2 was about 0.2-0.3 but improved to 0.5-0.6 for the training dataset and 0.3 for the validation dataset for both variables when an additional indicator variable that shows the presence or absence of rain was included. The next day after the day with missing data gave the most essential information. Increasing the number of missing days resulted in gradual deterioration of the accuracy for ail variables but wind run. GMDH fan be a useful tool for filling gaps in weather data from weather stations installed in the field.
C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 008, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090
NR 19
TC 21
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 39
IS 7
BP 1176
EP 1184
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1176:EMWDFA>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 342CE
UT WOS:000088627000016
ER

PT J
AU Durant, JA
   Corrier, DE
   Stanker, LH
   Ricke, SC
AF Durant, JA
   Corrier, DE
   Stanker, LH
   Ricke, SC
TI Expression of the hilA Salmonella typhimurium gene in a poultry Salm.
   enteritidis isolate in response to lactate and nutrients
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIGESTIVE-TRACT CONTENTS; LAYING HENS; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; FEED
   WITHDRAWAL; INVASION GENES; PEYERS-PATCHES; LEGHORN HENS; INFECTION;
   COLONIZATION; CELLS
AB Pathogens express virulence genes in response to the combination of environmental conditions present in the host environment. The crop is the first gastrointestinal environment encountered in birds. However, feed withdrawal alters the crop environment resulting in an increased pH, and decreased concentrations of lactate, glucose and amino acids compared with unmoulted birds. Salmonella enteritidis infections increase significantly in hens that have been force moulted by feed withdrawal. The present study examined the effects of pH, carbohydrate sources, amino acids and lactate on expression of Salm. enteritidis virulence by measuring expression of hilA. The hilA gene encodes a transcriptional activator that regulates expression of Salmonella virulence genes in response to environmental stimuli. HilA expression was determined using a poultry isolate of Salm. enteritidis carrying a hilA-lacZY transcriptional fusion from Salm. typhimurium. The media used were Luria Bertani (LB) broth and LB broth diluted 1 : 5 (DLB). The expression of hilA was 2.9-fold higher in DLB broth compared with LB broth which suggested that there is a nutritional component to the regulation of hilA. Addition of 0.2% glucose, fructose or mannose to LB and DLB reduced hilA expression 1.5 to twofold. Addition of 0.2% Casaminoacids, arabinose, fucose, or lactose had little effect on hilA expression. Lactate (25 and 50 mmmol l(-1)) reduced hilA expression at pH 6, 5 and 4, with the lowest expression occurring at pH 4. Based on these results it appears that the composition of the crop lumen could potentially influence Saint. enteritidis virulence expression.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Kleberg Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA.
RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Kleberg Ctr, Room 101, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NR 54
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 2
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-5072
J9 J APPL MICROBIOL
JI J. Appl. Microbiol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 89
IS 1
BP 63
EP 69
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01089.x
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 340VF
UT WOS:000088555100009
PM 10945780
ER

PT J
AU Davies, PR
   Turkson, PK
   Funk, JA
   Nichols, MA
   Ladely, SR
   Fedorka-Cray, PJ
AF Davies, PR
   Turkson, PK
   Funk, JA
   Nichols, MA
   Ladely, SR
   Fedorka-Cray, PJ
TI Comparison of methods for isolating Salmonella bacteria from faeces of
   naturally infected pigs
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DELAYED SECONDARY ENRICHMENT; FECES; SEROTYPES; SAMPLES; POULTRY
AB A series of experiments was conducted using faecal samples collected from commercial swine farms to evaluate the effects of variation in methods used for the detection of Salmonella bacteria. The primary objective of the studies was to compare the protocols routinely used in two laboratories in the USA. The studies included five experiments comparing the enrichment protocols used routinely in the respective laboratories (Method 1:10 g faeces-buffered peptone water (BPW) pre-enrichment-selective enrichment in Rappaport/Vassiliadis (RV) broth; Method 2: similar to 1g faeces-primary enrichments in tetrathionate and Hajna GN broths-secondary enrichment in RV broth). The effects of enrichment temperatures (37 vs 42 degrees C) using RV broth (two experiments) and delayed secondary enrichment (four experiments) were also evaluated. Direct comparison of Method 1 and Method 2 indicated comparable results. However, when compared using faecal samples of equal weight, the Method 2 enrichment protocol was more sensitive for detecting Salmonella bacteria than the Method 1 protocol. Enrichment in RV at 42 degrees C was superior to 37 degrees C, particularly for samples that were pre-enriched in BPW. Delayed secondary enrichment increased detection of Salmonella bacteria in swine faeces. These results highlight the imperfect sensitivity of culture methods, and the need for researchers to consider the sensitivity of bacteriological methods in the design and interpretation of the results of epidemiologic studies based on faecal culture.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Farm Anim Hlth & Resource Management, Raleigh, NC USA.
   ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA.
RP Davies, PR (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Wool Bldg,Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
NR 36
TC 66
Z9 67
U1 0
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-5072
J9 J APPL MICROBIOL
JI J. Appl. Microbiol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 89
IS 1
BP 169
EP 177
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01101.x
PG 9
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 340VF
UT WOS:000088555100023
PM 10945794
ER

PT J
AU Ralphs, MH
   Gardner, DR
   Pfister, JA
AF Ralphs, MH
   Gardner, DR
   Pfister, JA
TI A functional explanation for patterns of norditerpenoid alkaloid levels
   in tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE tall larkspur; Delphinium barbeyi; norditerpenoid alkaloids;
   methyllycaconitine; alkaloid pools
ID PLANTS; DEFENSE; BIOSYNTHESIS; ALLOCATION; HERBIVORY; BALANCE; GROWTH
AB Concentrations of norditerpenoid alkaloids vary among larkspur (Delphinium) species, locations, and years, but environmental stresses seem to have little effect on alkaloid levels. There is a need for a functional hypothesis of alkaloid synthesis and metabolism to explain the observed trends in concentration and to predict the toxicity of larkspur populations. This study was replicated at two locations over two years in the mountains of central Utah. Ten tall larkspur (D. barbeyi) plants were marl;ed at each location, and a single stalk was harvested from each plant at weekly intervals throughout the growing season. Concentrations of toxic and total alkaloids were measured by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and alkaloid pools were calculated by multiplying the alkaloid concentration by the dry weight of the plant to determine the amount of alkaloids in the stalk. Alkaloid pools in the stalks increased for the first three weeks, leveled off, and then declined to low levels as the plants began to senesce. Concentrations of alkaloids declined through the season, as the alkaloids were diluted in the increasing biomass as the plants grew. These patterns will be used to predict potential toxicity of larkspur populations.
C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA.
RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA.
NR 33
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0098-0331
J9 J CHEM ECOL
JI J. Chem. Ecol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 26
IS 7
BP 1595
EP 1607
DI 10.1023/A:1005530627792
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 336QN
UT WOS:000088314600004
ER

PT J
AU Landolt, PJ
   Brumley, JA
   Smithhisler, CL
   Biddick, LL
   Hofstetter, RW
AF Landolt, PJ
   Brumley, JA
   Smithhisler, CL
   Biddick, LL
   Hofstetter, RW
TI Apple fruit infested with codling moth are more attractive to neonate
   codling moth larvae and possess increased amounts of
   (E,E)-alpha-farnesene
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE codling moth; apple; attraction; behavior; alpha-farnesene
ID ALPHA-FARNESENE; OVIPOSITION; VOLATILES; POMONELLA; DAMAGE; PLANTS;
   LEAVES
AB Apple fruit artificially infested with codling moth larvae attracted significantly more neonate larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella than uninfested fruit. A greater number of larvae responded to odor in an olfactometer from codling moth-infested cold-stored Red Delicious thinning apples than uninfested apples. Immature Granny Smith, Red Delicious, or Golden Delicious apples that were infested on the tree for five days by codling moth larvae were more attractive to neonate codling moth larvae than similar but uninfested fruit of the same varieties. Apples infested on the tree and sampled five days later also contained significantly greater amounts of the larval attractant (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, compared to uninfested apples. Other types of injury to apple fruit did not produce results similar to that from codling moth infestation, either in increased attractiveness to codling moth larvae or in increased quantities of (E,E)-alpha-farnesene. These results are consistent with the reported attractiveness of (E,E)-alpha-farnesene to neonate codling moth larvae.
C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
   Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
NR 23
TC 40
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 10
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0098-0331
J9 J CHEM ECOL
JI J. Chem. Ecol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 26
IS 7
BP 1685
EP 1699
DI 10.1023/A:1005595014589
PG 15
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 336QN
UT WOS:000088314600011
ER

PT J
AU Cosse, AA
   Bartelt, RJ
AF Cosse, AA
   Bartelt, RJ
TI Male-produced aggregation pheromone of Colopterus truncatus: Structure,
   electrophysiological, and behavioral activity
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Colopterus truncatus Randall; sap beetle; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae;
   aggregation pheromone; coupled gas chromatograghy-electroantennography
   (GC-EAG); behavior; (2E,4E,6E)-4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-nonatriene
ID CARPOPHILUS-MUTILATUS COLEOPTERA; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; NITIDULID BEETLES;
   IDENTIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS; HEMIPTERUS; TETRAENE; LUGUBRIS
AB A male-produced aggregation pheromone was demonstrated in Colopterus truncatus Randall (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) by gas chromatographic comparisons of male and female volatile emissions. Male-specific compounds were identified with coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis and GC and MS comparison of authentic standards. Physiological activity was evaluated by coupled gas chromatographic-electro-antennographic (GC-EAG) recordings, and electroantennographic (EAG) assays of standards. The mole-produced volatiles eliciting responses from malt: and female antennae (and relative abundance) were (2E,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene (1) (1.8), (2E,4E,6E)-4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-nonatriene (2) (100), and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene (3) (3.3). A fourth male-specific compound, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-4,6,8-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undeca-tetraene (4) (0.6) was not EAG-active. EAG dose-response studies showed that the antennae were most sensitive to 2 followed by 3 and 1. Synthetic 2, binary blends or 1 and 3, and tertiary blends of 1, 2, and 3 were highly attractive in the field when synergized with fermenting whole-wheat bread dough. In the field, cross-attraction to the C. truncatus pheromone components was observed for Carpophilus lugubris Murray, C. antiques Melsheimer, and C. brachypterus Say.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Cosse, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 17
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 6
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0098-0331
J9 J CHEM ECOL
JI J. Chem. Ecol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 26
IS 7
BP 1735
EP 1748
DI 10.1023/A:1005551232335
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 336QN
UT WOS:000088314600014
ER

PT J
AU Grimm, CC
   Lloyd, SW
   Batista, R
   Zimba, PV
AF Grimm, CC
   Lloyd, SW
   Batista, R
   Zimba, PV
TI Using microwave distillation-solid-phase microextraction-gas
   chromatography-mass spectrometry for analyzing fish tissue
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; WATER; GEOSMIN; CATFISH; ODOR
C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA.
   USDA ARS, MSA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
RP Grimm, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA.
RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013
NR 15
TC 31
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 7
PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NILES
PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA
SN 0021-9665
J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI
JI J. Chromatogr. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 38
IS 7
BP 289
EP 296
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 330ZR
UT WOS:000087992500004
PM 10901414
ER

PT J
AU Sreevatsan, S
   Bookout, JB
   Ringipis, F
   Perumaalla, VS
   Ficht, TA
   Adams, LG
   Hagius, SD
   Elzer, PH
   Bricker, BJ
   Kumar, GK
   Rajasekhar, M
   Isloor, S
   Barathur, RR
AF Sreevatsan, S
   Bookout, JB
   Ringipis, F
   Perumaalla, VS
   Ficht, TA
   Adams, LG
   Hagius, SD
   Elzer, PH
   Bricker, BJ
   Kumar, GK
   Rajasekhar, M
   Isloor, S
   Barathur, RR
TI A multiplex approach to molecular detection of Brucella abortus and/or
   Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; MILK; DNA;
   DIFFERENTIATION; AMPLIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB A multiplex amplification and detection platform for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella abortus infection simultaneously in bovine milk and nasal secretions was developed. This system (designated the bovine pathogen detection assay [BPDA]-PCR) consists of duplex amplification of species-specific targets (a region of the BCSP31K gene of B. abortus and a repeat-sequence region in the hsp65 gene of nl. bovis, respectively). This is followed by a solid-phase probe capture hybridization of amplicons for detection. On the basis of spiking experiments,vith normal milk, the analytical sensitivity of the assay was 800 CFU equivalents/ml of milk for B. abortus and as low as 4 CFU equivalents per mi of milk for dl. bovis. BPDA-PCR was validated,vith 45 liver samples from lemmings experimentally infected with B. abortus. The assay sensitivity, based on culture status as a "gold standard," was 93.9%. In this experiment, BPDA-PCR also identified five culture-negative liver samples as positive (41.7%). Field studies for the evaluation of BPDA-PCR were performed,vith samples from dairy animals from geographically distinct regions (India, Mexico, and Argentina). A high prevalence of shedding of B. abortus (samples from India) and dl. bovis (samples from Mexico) was identified by BPDA-PCR. In samples from India, B. abortus shedding was identified in 86% of milk ring test-positive animals (n = 15) and 80% of milk ring test-negative cows (n = 5), In samples from Mexico, M. bovis was identified by PCR in 32.6% of pools (n = 46) of milk that each contained milk from 10 animals and in 56.2% of nasal swabs (n = 121) from cattle from tuberculin test-positive herds. In contrast, the Argentine cattle (n = 70) had a modest prevalence of M. bovis shedding in nasal swabs (2.9%) and milk (1.4%) and of B. abortus in milk (11.4%). On the basis of these analyses, we identify BPDA-PCR as an optimal tool for both screening of herds and testing of individual animals in a disease eradication program. A combination of the duplex assay, screening of milk samples in pools, and the proposed algorithm provides a highly sensitive, cost-effective, and economically viable alternative to serological testing.
C1 ClinCyte LLC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Div Zoonot Dis Res, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   Univ Agr Sci Bangalore, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India.
   Inst Anim Hlth & Vet Biol, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India.
RP Bookout, JB (reprint author), ClinCyte LLC, 11055 Flintkote Ave,STE H, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
OI Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403
NR 37
TC 42
Z9 54
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 38
IS 7
BP 2602
EP 2610
PG 9
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 331WR
UT WOS:000088042100026
PM 10878051
ER

PT J
AU Ramirez-Romero, R
   Brogden, KA
   Gallup, JM
   Dixon, RAF
   Ackermann, MR
AF Ramirez-Romero, R
   Brogden, KA
   Gallup, JM
   Dixon, RAF
   Ackermann, MR
TI Reduction of pulmonary mast cells in areas of acute inflammation in
   calves with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica pneumonia
SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HISTAMINE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PATHOGENESIS;
   LEUKOTOXIN; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; SELECTIN; RELEASE; DENSITY
AB Mast cells in the left cranial pulmonary lobe of colostrum-deprived neonatal calves were quantified 2 and 6 h after intrabronchial inoculation with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica Al. The mast cells were detected ii) immunohistochemically with a mouse anti-human mast cell tryptase monoclonal antibody, and (2) by metachromatic staining with low pH toluidine blue. A greater number of mast cells was demonstrated by the second method than by the first. At 6 h after inoculation, but not at 2 h, the number of mast cells was significantly reduced at the site of the main lesions. Treatment of calves with a sialyl Lewis mimetic (TBC 1269) did not appreciably affect the results at 6 h. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   Texas Biotechnol Corp, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Ramirez-Romero, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9975
J9 J COMP PATHOL
JI J. Comp. Pathol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 123
IS 1
BP 29
EP 35
DI 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0383
PG 7
WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 338EN
UT WOS:000088405300005
PM 10906253
ER

PT J
AU Eicher, SD
   Morrow-Tesch, JL
   Albright, JL
   Dailey, JW
   Young, CR
   Stanker, LH
AF Eicher, SD
   Morrow-Tesch, JL
   Albright, JL
   Dailey, JW
   Young, CR
   Stanker, LH
TI Tail-docking influences on behavioral, immunological, and endocrine
   responses in dairy heifers
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE tail-docking; behavior; physiology
ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; CORTISOL RESPONSES; LOCAL-ANESTHESIA; RUBBER
   RINGS; YOUNG LAMBS; 3 AGES; CASTRATION; CALVES; AMPUTATION; ALPHA
AB Behavioral and physiological changes were measured following tail-docking in primiparous heifers. One month before projected first parturition, 21 heifers were assigned Do control (nondocked), docked, or docked with lidocaine groups. Heifers were banded to initiate tail-docking and the necrotic tail was removed after 144 h. Physiological, immunological, and behavioral measures were taken for 240 h following banding. Cortisol was not different for control and treated heifers. Haptoglobin increased for docked heifers by 168 h postbanding (24 h postdocking). alpha(1)-Acid glycoprotein decreased as haptoglobin increased, and alpha(1 zeta)-acid glycoprotein increased until 240 h postbanding. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased only with lidocaine and did not show an effect of docking by 240 h postbanding. Lymphocyte phenotyping demonstrated increased CD4(+) and CD8(+) peripheral blood mononuclear cells for docked plus lidocaine heifers and gamma delta(+) cells of those heifers tended to be reduced compared with docked heifers. Eating was the only maintenance behavior affected by banding in both docked groups (increased with banding and decreased with docking). The initial banding procedure did not alter heifer physiology and altered only eating behavior, but the cutting of the tail (docking) increased haptoglobin in response to the tissue damage and returned eating behavior to baseline. The use of lidocaine to anesthetize the tail before banding affected lymphocyte phenotypes and TNF-alpha (banding alone did not alter these parameters).
C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
NR 34
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 7
BP 1456
EP 1462
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 333HM
UT WOS:000088124900007
PM 10908053
ER

PT J
AU Nadeau, EMG
   Buxton, DR
   Russell, JR
   Allison, MJ
   Young, JW
AF Nadeau, EMG
   Buxton, DR
   Russell, JR
   Allison, MJ
   Young, JW
TI Enzyme, bacterial inoculant, and formic acid effects on silage
   composition of orchardgrass and alfalfa
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE silage; enzymes; cell wall; maturity
ID WALL-DEGRADING ENZYMES; GRASS; FERMENTATION; CELLULASE; DIGESTIBILITY;
   ADDITIVES; DIGESTION; LUCERNE; KINETICS; SHEEP
AB We evaluated the effects of cellulase (from Trichoderma longibrachiatum) application rates on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration and fermentation products of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silages harvested with decreasing dry matter (DM) digestibility. Additionally, the impacts of inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae), pectinase (from Aspergillus niger), or formic acid on silage composition were studied. Forages wilted to a DM content of about 320 g/kg were ensiled in laboratory silos for 60 d. Cellulase, combined with inoculant, was applied at 2, 10, and 20 ml/kg of herbage (at least 2500 IU/ml). Cellulase at 10 ml/kg was also applied alone or in combination with pectinase and inoculant or formic acid. The NDF concentration of orchardgrass silage decreased with increasing cellulase up to 20 ml/kg, at which NDF content was decreased by 30%. The NDF concentration of alfalfa silage decreased with increasing cellulase application up to 10 ml/kg, at which NDF content was decreased by 13%. Immature plants were more responsive to cellulase treatment than mature plants. Cellulase at 2 ml/kg combined with inoculant improved fermentation characteristics of the silages but generally, there was no effect on silage fermentation by higher cellulase applications, resulting in an accumulation of sugar. The improved fermentation of orchardgrass treated with cellulase and inoculant was mostly related to the effect of inoculant, whereas cellulase alone improved fermentation characteristics of alfalfa silage and this effect was enhanced by addition of inoculant. Decreased NDF and increased sugar concentrations did not improve the in vitro DM digestibility of cellulase-treated silages.
C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   ARS, USDA, NADC, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Buxton, DR (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Agr Res Skara, Box 234, S-53223 Skara, Sweden.
NR 35
TC 39
Z9 47
U1 3
U2 10
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 7
BP 1487
EP 1502
PG 16
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 333HM
UT WOS:000088124900011
PM 10908057
ER

PT J
AU Broderick, GA
   Walgenbach, RP
   Sterrenburg, E
AF Broderick, GA
   Walgenbach, RP
   Sterrenburg, E
TI Performance of lactating dairy cows fed alfalfa or red clover silage as
   the sole forage
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE alfalfa silage; red clover silage; nonprotein N
ID EXPELLER SOYBEAN-MEAL; DRY-MATTER; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; MILK-PRODUCTION;
   RELATIVE VALUE; GRASS-SILAGE; FISH-MEAL; NITROGEN; SOLVENT; ENERGY
AB Three Latin square trials, with 20 (two trials) or 24 (one trial) multiparous lactating Holstein cows (four in each trial with ruminal cannulae), compared the feeding value of red clover and alfalfa silages harvested over 3 yr. Overall, the forages contained similar amounts of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber; however, red clover silage contained more hemicellulose, less ash and crude protein (CP), and only 67% as much nonprotein N, as a proportion of total N, as did alfalfa silage. Diets were formulated with equal dry matter (DM) from alfalfa or red clover silage and contained on average 65% forage, 33 or 30% ground high moisture ear corn, and 0 or 3% low soluble fishmeal (DM basis). Diets fed in the Latin squares contained (mean dietary CP): 1) alfalfa (17.8% CP); 2) red clover (15.1% CP); 3) alfalfa plus fishmeal (19.6% CP); and 4) red clover plus fishmeal (16.9% CP). Although performance varied somewhat among trials, overall statistical analysis showed that replacing alfalfa with red clover reduced yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose, and SNF; these effects were related to the 1.2 kg/d lower DM intake for cows fed red clover. Replacing alfalfa with red clover improved body weight gain and reduced concentrations of milk and blood urea and ruminal NH3. Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose all were greater when red clover was fed. There were no significant forage x fishmeal interactions for DM intake and yield of milk and milk components, indicating that supplementation with rumen undegradable protein gave similar increases in production on both forages. Net energy of lactation (NEL), estimated from maintenance, mean milk yield, and body weight change, in alfalfa and red clover silage were, respectively, 1.25 and 1.38 Mcal NEL/kg of DM, indicating 10% greater NEL in red clover.
C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Christian Agr Coll, Dronton, Netherlands.
RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
NR 31
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 3
U2 13
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 7
BP 1543
EP 1551
PG 9
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 333HM
UT WOS:000088124900016
PM 10908062
ER

PT J
AU Stabel, JR
AF Stabel, JR
TI Johne's disease and milk: Do consumers need to worry?
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Johne's disease; milk; pasteurization
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS DNA;
   CROHNS-DISEASE; INTESTINAL TISSUE; COWS MILK; RAW-MILK; PASTEURIZATION;
   INACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; CATTLE
AB Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, an acid-fast bacillus that causes enteritis in ruminants, has been suggested as an etiological agent of Crohn's disease in humans. The mode of transmission is unclear; however, some evidence suggests that humans may become infected via contaminated milk. Currently, it is not known whether commercial pasteurization effectively kills M. paratuberculosis in contaminated raw milk. Using a laboratory-scale pasteurizer unit designed to simulate the high-temperature, short-time method (72 degrees C, 15 sec) currently used by commercial dairies, we previously demonstrated that treatment of raw milk inoculated with 10(4) to 10(6) cfu of M. paratuberculosis/ml reduced numbers to an undetectable level. However, M. paratuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that resides within the macrophages of the host and evades destruction. We subsequently performed further experiments examining heat treatment of milk inoculated with mammary gland macrophages containing ingested M. paratuberculosis, Heat treatment of these samples under high-temperature, short-time conditions demonstrated that the macrophage does not protect the organism because we were unable to recover any viable M. paratuberculosis from the samples. Conversely, other researchers have demonstrated that a residual population of M. paratuberculosis may survive heat treatment of milk. In addition, a recent news report stated that viable M. paratuberculosis organisms have been cultured from retail-ready milk in Ireland. A summary of past and current studies concerning this issue along with a discussion of methodologies used to recover M. paratuberculosis from experimentally inoculated milk will be presented in this paper.
C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
NR 32
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 7
BP 1659
EP 1663
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 333HM
UT WOS:000088124900023
PM 10908069
ER

PT J
AU Farrar, RR
   Ridgway, RL
AF Farrar, RR
   Ridgway, RL
TI Laboratory evaluation of selected spray adjuvants as ultraviolet light
   protectants for the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the celery looper
   (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Spodoptera exigua; ultraviolet light; sodium
   lignin sulfonate; fluorescent brightener; feeding stimulant
ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER; NUTRIENT-BASED
   PHAGOSTIMULANTS; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; LYMANTRIIDAE BACULOVIRUS;
   RADIATION PROTECTION; ACTIVITY ENHANCEMENT; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; TOBACCO
   BUDWORM; INSECT PESTS
AB Four spray adjuvants were tested in the laboratory as ultraviolet light (UV) protectants for the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV), against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). We tested a sodium lignin sulfonate (Lignosite AN(R)), two diaminostilbene disulfonic acid-derived fluorescent brighteners (Blankophor BBH(R) and Blankophor HRS(R)), and a nutrient-based feeding stimulant (Coax(R)). Lignosite AN was active as a UV protectant; Blankophor BBH, as both an enhancer and a UV protectant; Blankophor HRS, as an enhancer only, and; Coax, as a UV protectant only. Lack of an effect of Coax as a feeding stimulant may be due to the design of the bioassay, in which larvae were confined on small pieces of foliage. However, the practical utility of some, if not all, of these materials may be limited by the cost and/or bulk of the amounts required to achieve the desired effects.
C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Farrar, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 39
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748 USA
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 3
BP 239
EP 250
PG 12
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 345VY
UT WOS:000088836900004
ER

PT J
AU Martin, PAW
   Schroder, RFW
   Poprawski, TJ
   Lipa, JJ
   Hausvater, E
   Rasocha, V
AF Martin, PAW
   Schroder, RFW
   Poprawski, TJ
   Lipa, JJ
   Hausvater, E
   Rasocha, V
TI Temperature effects on the susceptibility of the Colorado potato beetle
   (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) vuillemin
   in Poland, the Czech Republic and the United States
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE entomophagous fungi; Beauveria bassiana; Leptinotarsa decemlineata
ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS
AB Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin is a fungus with broad spectrum insecticidal activity. As a biological control agent used against Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)), this fungus has performed erratically in various field studies. This inconsistent performance has been attributed to formulation problems, UV sensitivity, and humidity. In a multi-site test, B. bassiana controlled Colorado potato beetle larvae in both Poland and the Czech Republic, but not in Maryland. Control was measured by reduction in populations of beetle larvae. One of the major differences among these sites was temperature. In Poland, the mean temperature ranged from 5 degrees C to 23 degrees C; in the Czech Republic the average temperature ranged from 6.7 degrees C to 18.7 degrees C; and in Maryland, temperatures at time of application exceeded 45 degrees C at canopy level. This led us to examine B. bassiana growth in vitro. While B. bassiana grew in the laboratory from 16 to 30 degrees C, the B. bassiana from a formulated product (Mycotrol(TM), Mycotech, Butte, MT) did not germinate at temperatures above 37 degrees C. Germination and subsequent development of this entomopathogenic fungi are critical factors in the infection and control of the Colorado potato beetle. As a consequence of the inability to germinate at high temperatures, B. bassiana would not be expected to effectively control pest insects in climates with hot summers. This fungus, however, may be suitable for insect control in early spring or in cool temperature climates during the growing season.
C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748 USA
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 3
BP 251
EP 258
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 345VY
UT WOS:000088836900005
ER

PT J
AU Marti, OG
   Rogers, CE
AF Marti, OG
   Rogers, CE
TI Effect of Noctuidonema guyanense (Nematoda : Acugutturidae) on the
   longevity of feral male Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)
   moths
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Noctuidonema guyanense; Spodoptera frugiperda; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae;
   Nematoda; ectoparasitic nematode; survival; longevity
ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE; APHELENCHOIDIDAE
AB Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain is an ectoparasitic nematode of certain species of adult Lepidoptera, particularly Noctuidae, in the Western Hemisphere. It is transferred to a new host when the insects mate. Survival of infested and uninfested feral adult males of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), the fall armyworm, was compared at three different temperature regimens (20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, and 30/20 degrees C) at 14:10 L/D at 80% RH. Apparent age differences were controlled by pairing moths having the same amount of scale loss. Overall mean nematode infestations of 239.3 and 0 in infested and uninfested groups produced significantly different mean longevity of 3.7 and 6.2 days, respectively. At 20 degrees C, survival of both groups increased to 6.2 and 13.3 days, but remained significantly different. The results demonstrate a deleterious effect of Noctuidonema infestation on longevity of feral adult male S. frugiperda.
C1 USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Georgia Coastal Pain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
RP Marti, OG (reprint author), USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Georgia Coastal Pain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748 USA
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 3
BP 259
EP 266
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 345VY
UT WOS:000088836900006
ER

PT J
AU Thomas, DB
   Hallman, GJ
AF Thomas, DB
   Hallman, GJ
TI Radiation-induced pathology in the metamorphosis of the Mexican fruit
   fly (Diptera : Tephritidae)
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Anastrepha ludens; Mexican fruit fly; Gamma radiation; metamorphosis;
   pathology
ID FLIES
AB Late third instars of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), exposed to greater than or equal to 20 Gy of gamma radiation are able to pupariate normally but do not emerge as adults. Contrary to expectations, the imaginal discs were undamaged and metamorphosis to the pupal stage proceeded normally. Rather, development was arrested at the transition from cryptocephalic to phanerocephalic pupa, a process which requires vigorous muscular contractions. Protein metabolism during metamorphosis was found to be retarded in irradiated but living individuals relative to non-irradiated controls. These results suggest that a general radiation sickness is the cause of developmental arrest and eventual death of the pharate insect rather than a specific tissue atrophy.
C1 USDA ARS, Kita de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA.
RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kita de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA.
NR 46
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 4
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748 USA
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 3
BP 267
EP 278
PG 12
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 345VY
UT WOS:000088836900007
ER

PT J
AU Kowalski, SP
   Domek, JM
   Sanford, LL
   Deahl, KL
AF Kowalski, SP
   Domek, JM
   Sanford, LL
   Deahl, KL
TI Effect of alpha-tomatine and tomatidine on the growth and development of
   the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae): Studies using
   synthetic diets
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE glycoalkaloids; Solanum tuberosum; Lycopersicon esculentum; synthetic
   diet; host-plant resistance; allelochemical
ID HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA;
   HELIOTHIS-ZEA; GLYCOALKALOIDS; ALKALOIDS; ASSOCIATIONS; POPULATIONS;
   PROGENIES; LARVAE
AB Glycoalkaloids are found throughout the genera Solanum (potato) and Lycopersicon (tomato). Certain glycoalkaloids, i.e., alpha-tomatine, solanocardenine, and leptine, have been implicated as resistance factors to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. The allelochemical properties of these glycoalkaloids have primarily been demonstrated by studies in planta, correlating Colorado potato beetle resistance with high levels of foliar glycoalkaloids: solanocardenine in S. neocardenasii, a-tomatine in S. pinnatisectum, and leptine in S. chacoense. Although the evidence that these glycoalkaloids mediate resistance is compelling, controlled analyses of Colorado potato beetle response to purified glycoalkaloids, fed to insects in synthetic diets, are necessary to characterize the allelochemic nature of these compounds. In this study, Colorado potato beetle reared on a meridic, synthetic diet supplemented with increasing concentrations of a-tomatine exhibit retarded growth and delayed development. These effects were evident throughout the insects' development, from egg to prepupal stage. Tomatidine (the aglycone of a-tomatine) has no effect on Colorado potato beetle, suggesting that the tetrasaccharide moiety of the glycoalkaloid is essential for insecticidal activity, consistent with a membrane-lytic mechanism of action.
C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Kowalski, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 43
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 9
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748 USA
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 3
BP 290
EP 300
PG 11
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 345VY
UT WOS:000088836900010
ER

PT J
AU Cohen, AC
AF Cohen, AC
TI New oligidic production diet for Lygus hesperus Knight and L-lineolaris
   (Palisot de Beauvois)
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE mass rearing; quality control; Miridae; Hemiptera/Heteroptera
AB A new oligidic (undefined) diet for rearing Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) and L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) is described. The diet (referred to as NI diet) is a semisolid slurry that accommodates the solid-to-liquid feeding habits of Lygus spp. The NI diet consists of an "entomophage component" (cooked, whole chicken eggs, chicken egg yolks, sugar, and yeast) combined with plant components (soy bean flour, wheat germ, lima bean meal, and soy lecithin). Biological fitness estimates for L. hesperus indicated that mean biomass production per cage, adult wet and dry weights, survival to the adult stage, and egg production were significantly greater for the NI diet than for the existing standard, Debolt (1982) diet. The ingredients in the NI diet cost about 1/8 those in the Debolt diet, and preparation requires less than 1/2 of the labor. The cost of diet for production per 1000 eggs was approximately $0.004 compared to $0.04 for an equal number of eggs from Debolt diet. Recent work, started after the currently reported bioassays with L. hesperus, indicates that the NI diet also supports development and reproduction in the tarnished plant bug, L. lineolaris. This diet was used to rear and 15 generations of L. hesperus and is currently being used to support production colonies; it has also been used to rear L. lineolaris for 5 generations, thus far. The L. lineolaris colony started from field collected populations has been reared continuously and exclusively on the NI diet and is currently in a log phase of population growth. This diet should be beneficial in providing a great reduction of Lygus production costs while producing a high quality, vigorously reproducing insect.
C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Cohen, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
NR 26
TC 60
Z9 63
U1 1
U2 8
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748 USA
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 3
BP 301
EP 310
PG 10
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 345VY
UT WOS:000088836900011
ER

PT J
AU Riddick, EW
   Barbosa, P
AF Riddick, EW
   Barbosa, P
TI Cry3A-intoxicated Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) are palatable prey for
   Lebia grandis Hentz
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bacillus thuringiensis; transgenic plants; Solanum tuberosum;
   Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Lebia grandis
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, REE, MSA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748 USA
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 3
BP 342
EP 346
PG 5
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 345VY
UT WOS:000088836900016
ER

PT J
AU Entry, JA
   Hubbard, RK
   Thies, JE
   Fuhrmann, JJ
AF Entry, JA
   Hubbard, RK
   Thies, JE
   Fuhrmann, JJ
TI The influence of vegetation in riparian filterstrips on coliform
   bacteria: I. Movement and survival in water
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNSATURATED SOIL COLUMNS; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; FOREST; POLLUTION; RUNOFF;
   RAIN
AB Swine (Sus scrofa) wastewater was applied to three separate 4 m wide x 30 m long riparian filterstrips consisting of 20 m grass and 10 m forest, 10 m grass and 20 m forest, and 10 m grass and ttl m maidencane (Panicum hemitomon Schult,) in Southern Georgia during each season. Total and fecal coliform numbers in the applied wastewater pulse did not decline as water moved downslope regardless of vegetation type or season. The pulse of applied wastewater did not move beyond 15 m in any treatment in autumn or summer (dry seasons) and only moved beyond 7.5 m in the 20 m grass-10 m forest treatment in the summer. Total and fetal coliform numbers in soil water and shallow ground water declined by approximately 10-Fold every 7 d for the First 14 d regardless of vegetative treatment or season. Soil temperature and soil moisture correlated with total coliform bacteria in both 1.5 m wells (r(2) = 0.89) and 2.0 m wells (r(2) = 0.89), and with fecal coliform bacteria in 1.5 (r(2) = 0.82) and 2.0 m (r(2) = 0.76) wells. Animal production operations may need to locate in warm-dry climates so animal waste can be applied to lands to help ensure enteric bacteria input to surface and ground water will not occur.
C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA.
   USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA.
RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA.
RI Thies, Janice/A-5074-2014
NR 31
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1206
EP 1214
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 355WY
UT WOS:000089412600024
ER

PT J
AU Entry, JA
   Hubbard, RK
   Thies, JE
   Fuhrmann, JJ
AF Entry, JA
   Hubbard, RK
   Thies, JE
   Fuhrmann, JJ
TI The influence of vegetation in riparian filterstrips on coliform
   bacteria: II. Survival in soils
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID AGRICULTURAL LANDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL BACTERIA; TRANSPORT;
   POLLUTION; WATER; WASTE; MICROCOSMS; PATHOGENS; MOVEMENT
AB Survival of total and fecal coliform bacteria was measured in the 0 to 5,5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm soil depths at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 90 to 120 d after swine (Sus scrofa) wastewater application to riparian filterstrips in southern Georgia during each season of the year. Vegetative treatments evaluated were: (i) 20 m grass-10 m forest, (ii) 10 m grass-20 m forest, and (iii) 10 m grass-20 m maidencane (Panicum hemitomon Schult.). During winter, spring, and summer vegetation type in riparian filterstrips did not affect survival of total and fecal coliform bacteria. Total and fecal coliform bacterial numbers were usually higher in the top 0 to 5 cm of soil than in the 5 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm soil depths in all treatments. Total and fecal coliform numbers in the 0 to 5, 5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm depths declined approximately 10-fold every 7 to 14 d after waste application in all seasons of the year. At 90 to 120 d after waste application, total and fecal coliform numbers in the three soil depths did not differ from riparian filterstrips that did not have animal waste applied. Total coliform bacteria in the 0 to 5, 5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm soil depths correlated with temperature and moisture in a curvilinear relationship (r(2) = 0.80 , 0.77, and 0.64, respectively). Fecal coliform bacteria in 0 to 5, 6 to 15, and 16 to 30 cm of soil also correlated with temperature and moisture in a curvilinear relationship (r(2) = 0.56, 0.53, and 0.53, respectively).
C1 USDA ARS, NE Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA.
   USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA.
RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NE Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA.
RI Thies, Janice/A-5074-2014
NR 41
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1215
EP 1224
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 355WY
UT WOS:000089412600025
ER

PT J
AU Stout, WL
   Sharpley, AN
   Landa, J
AF Stout, WL
   Sharpley, AN
   Landa, J
TI Effectiveness of coal combustion by-products in controlling phosphorus
   export from soils
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAINFALL SIMULATOR; SURFACE WATERS; GYPSUM
AB Phosphorus (P) export from high P soils is a major cause of eutrophication in fresh waters. Recent work has shown that the solubility of P in high P soils can be reduced with coal combustion by-products (CCBs), decreasing the potential for dissolved phosphorus (DP) export from these soils. However, the effect of such treatments on plant-available P and P export has not been quantified. We measured P uptake by canola (Brassica napus L.) from three high P (130-370 mg kg(-1) Mehlich-3 P) soils treated with two CCBs, fluidized bed combustion flyash (FBC), flue gas desulfurization (FGD) CaSO4 anhydride, and agricultural gypsum (GYP). We measured DP, particulate phosphorus (PP), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in runoff from grassed and bare soils treated with these materials and subjected to simulated runoff. Phosphorus, As, Cd, and Ph uptake by canola were unaffected by CCB treatment, and dry-matter yields were unrelated to treatment. On grassed soils, FBC, FGD, and GYP reduced DP concentration in runoff by 20, 43, and 33%, respectively, but did not affect As, Cd, or Pb concentrations in runoff. Also on grassed soils, the high application rate of FGD reduced TP in runoff by 35%. On bare soils where erosion of PP controlled P loss, CCBs and GYP had no effect on DP concentration in runoff. Application of CCBs to high P soils in zones of high surface runoff potential, where there is little erosion, has the potential to reduce P export without affecting crop production.
C1 USDA ARS, Pasture System & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Stout, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture System & Watershed Management Res Lab, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
NR 28
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1239
EP 1244
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 355WY
UT WOS:000089412600028
ER

PT J
AU Dowdy, RH
   Dolan, MS
   Lamb, JA
   Koskinen, WC
AF Dowdy, RH
   Dolan, MS
   Lamb, JA
   Koskinen, WC
TI Asymmetrical distribution and dissipation of band-applied atrazine in
   soil
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID SANDY LOAM SOIL; WATER-QUALITY; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; TILLAGE; ALACHLOR;
   MOVEMENT; GROUNDWATER; MANAGEMENT; HERBICIDES; RUNOFF
AB Movement of herbicides, particularly atrazine [2-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], is of great interest, as farming systems are designed to protect water quality. The effects of time and precipitation on the distribution of atrazine banded over corn (Zea mays L,) rows were measured for 2 41 in a ridge-tillage corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. The soil was a Zimmerman fine sand (mixed, frigid Lamellic Udipsamment), During the growing season, soil atrazine was determined at 0.1-m horizontal intervals perpendicular to the row to a depth of 0.3 m. Within the first 22 days after treatment (DAT), atrazine concentrations decreased 65% in the application zone and had not leached below 0.075 m, A 60-mm rain between 22 and 29 DAT first moved atrazine into the 0.075- to 0.15-m depth increment. By 60 DAT and 240 mm of accumulated rain, atrazine concentrations had decreased by an estimated 90% in the zone of application. Atrazine movement appeared to be greater on the windward side of the row. An estimated 98% of applied atrazine was dissipated by the end of the first growing season and by the end of the second year, detections of residual atrazine were very limited and confined to the zone directly below the treated area, Significant horizontal movement of atrazine was never observed. Atrazine was not detected in soil samples below 0.6 m to a depth of 2.4 m.
C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Dowdy, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
NR 30
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1291
EP 1297
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 355WY
UT WOS:000089412600034
ER

PT J
AU Novak, JM
   Watts, DW
   Hunt, PG
   Stone, KC
AF Novak, JM
   Watts, DW
   Hunt, PG
   Stone, KC
TI Phosphorus movement through a coastal plain soil after a decade of
   intensive swine manure application
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID LAGOON; GROUNDWATER; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; ESTUARY; POULTRY; QUALITY;
   LITTER; RIVER
AB Understanding the movement of phosphorus (P) in soils receiving heavy animal waste application is important for nonpoint-source pollution control. We investigated both P accumulation in soil and movement to ground water after 10 yr of intensive swine manure application (at atypical high rates) to a Coastal Plain spray field. Mehlich 3 phosphorus (M3P) was measured in soil cores collected in 1991 (following 4 yr of manure application) and 1997 (after 10 yr of application). Additionally, dissolved phosphorus (DP) was measured in ground water wells installed around the spray field. In both 1991 and 1997, the soil cores (0 to 15 cm) contained high contents of M3P (376-435 mg P kg(-1)) indicating substantial P accumulation. After 10 Sr of manure application, soil cores at a depth of 107 cm were also high in soil M3P contents (151 mg P kg(-1)), Control soils were very low in M3P (<10 mg P kg(-1)) throughout the soil profile. Ground water DP concentrations were initially (1992-1995) very low (<40 mu g P L-1), but by late 1996, DP concentrations in a few wells had increased substantially (40-480 mu g P L-1). In contrast, ground water control wells (1994-1998) were very low in DP (<40 mu g P L-1). Thus, the studied field, which received atypical high loading rates, had detectable leaching to shallow ground water as well as substantial P accumulation.
C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA.
RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA.
NR 26
TC 58
Z9 69
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1310
EP 1315
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 355WY
UT WOS:000089412600036
ER

PT J
AU Papiernik, SK
   Gan, JY
   Yates, SR
AF Papiernik, SK
   Gan, JY
   Yates, SR
TI Mechanism of degradation of methyl bromide and propargyl bromide in soil
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID BACTERIAL OXIDATION; HYDROLYSIS; VOLATILIZATION; EMISSIONS; FUMIGANT;
   WATERS; IODIDE
AB The degradation of methyl bromide (MB) and propargyl bromide (PB) was investigated in soil and water to obtain information on the mechanism of degradation. It has been suggested that primary alkyl halides (including MB and the potential alternatives PB and methyl iodide) can undergo S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution with nucleophilic sites on soil organic matter (i.e., -NH2, -NH, -OH, -SH), The pattern of product formation observed in this study provides more direct evidence that fumigants that are primary alkyl halides can alkylate soil organic matter and that this may be a significant mechanism of degradation in soil. Degradation in water samples (hydrolysis) formed Br- and the corresponding alcohol (propargyl alcohol from PB, methanol from MB) in equimolar amounts. The rate of hydrolysis was not significantly different from the rate of Br- formation for both MB and PB, Degradation in two soils resulted in the formation of Br-, but very little production of the corresponding alcohol, indicating that some mechanism other than hydrolysis must be occurring in the soil. Degradation of MB and PB was much more rapid in the higher-organic-matter day loam soil than in the sandy loam soil. Spiking C-14-labeled MB to soil resulted in the formation of nonextractable (soil-bound) C-14, which increased as the extractable C-14 decreased, Microbial oxidation was not significant in these soil samples, which were sterilized through autoclaving and/or treatment with high concentrations of fumigants, These results provide further experimental evidence that MB, PB, and similar compounds can alkylate soil organic matter.
C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
NR 26
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 10
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1322
EP 1328
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 355WY
UT WOS:000089412600038
ER

PT J
AU Harper, LA
   Sharpe, RR
   Parkin, TB
AF Harper, LA
   Sharpe, RR
   Parkin, TB
TI Gaseous nitrogen emissions from anaerobic swine lagoons: Ammonia,
   nitrous oxide, and dinitrogen gas
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; TRANSPORT; DENITRIFICATION; CROP; SOIL; MANAGEMENT;
   SLURRY; PLANT; WHEAT; CORN
AB Seventy-five percent of swine (Sus scrofa) production systems in North America use anaerobic or liquid-slurry systems for waste holding or disposal. Accurate emissions data and emission factors are needed for engineering, planning, and regulatory agencies. These data are used For system design and evaluation of the effect of animal concentrations on the regional soil, surface and ground waters, and atmospheric environments. Noninvasive techniques were used to evaluate trace gases without disturbing the meteorology or lagoon system being measured. Micrometeorological and gas sensors were mounted on a submersible barge in the renter of the lagoon for use with flux-gradient methodology to determine trace gas fluxes, without disturbing atmospheric transport processes, over extended periods. Collateral measurements included lagoon nutrient, dissolved gas concentrations, and sludge gas mass flux. Ammonia emissions varied diurnally and seasonally and were highly correlated with windspeed and water temperature. Nutrient loading measurements showed that mobile ions, which were nonvolatile, were constant throughout four successive lagoons. Immobile ions concentrated primarily in the sludge layer of the first lagoon. Measurements of denitrification N-2 losses suggest as much N-2-N lost as from NH3-N. Ammonia gas emissions are not as large a percentage of total nitrogen input to the lagoons as previously thought but unaccounted-for nitrogen requires further research.
C1 USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, JPCSNRCC, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, JPCSNRCC, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA.
EM lharper@arches.uga.edu
NR 40
TC 84
Z9 85
U1 3
U2 23
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
EI 1537-2537
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1356
EP 1365
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 355WY
UT WOS:000089412600043
ER

PT J
AU Bailey, JS
   Stern, NJ
   Cox, NA
AF Bailey, JS
   Stern, NJ
   Cox, NA
TI Commercial field trial evaluation of mucosal starter culture to reduce
   Salmonella incidence in processed broiler carcasses
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
LA English
DT Article
ID COLONIZATION; CHICKS
AB A series of four paired-house studies was conducted in Arkansas, Alabama, and Georgia (two farms) to determine the efficacy of Mucosal Starter Culture (MSC) in eliminating or reducing salmonellae in broiler chickens. Randomly designated chicks were treated twice with MSG. First they were sprayed with an MSC solution using a spray vaccination cabinet in the hatchery, and then they received MSC in the first drinking water at the growing house. Chicks were grown in identically constructed and equipped paired houses managed by the same grower. At the end of grow-out, broilers were tested for the presence of salmonellae on the farm and during processing. In three trials where no hatchery salmonellae were found, less salmonellae were found on MSC-treated chickens compared to untreated chickens. On the farm at the end of grow-out, salmonellae were detected in 54 of 150 untreated control chickens compared to 40 of 180 MSC-treated chickens. In the processing plant, significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) more salmonellae were detected on prechill untreated control carcasses (23 of 180) compared to MSC-treated carcasses (12 of 180) and on untreated postchill processed carcasses (9 of 180) compared to MSC-treated carcasses (0 of 180). In one trial where appreciable (28% of egg shell samples) salmonellae was found before treatment with the MSC, more salmonellae were found in the treated birds than in the control birds both on the farm and after processing. These data confirm that when salmonellae levels were controlled in the hatchery, a significant reduction in the salmonellae was found on processed broiler carcasses treated with MSC and that this reduction in salmonellae was carried through processing to the final processed carcass, thus potentially reducing consumer exposure to salmonellae.
C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
RP Bailey, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
NR 14
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 4
PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC
PI DES MOINES
PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA
SN 0362-028X
J9 J FOOD PROTECT
JI J. Food Prot.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 63
IS 7
BP 867
EP 870
PG 4
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA 333YL
UT WOS:000088158300003
PM 10914651
ER

PT J
AU Rajkowski, KT
   Thayer, DW
AF Rajkowski, KT
   Thayer, DW
TI Reduction of Salmonella spp. and strains of Escherichia coli O157 : H7
   by gamma radiation of inoculated sprouts
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
LA English
DT Article
ID ALFALFA; IDENTIFICATION; IRRADIATION; ELIMINATION; LETTUCE; FOODS; MEAT
AB There have been several recent outbreaks of salmonellosis and infections with Escherichia coli O157:H7 linked to the consumption of raw sprouts. Use of ionizing radiation was investigated as a means to reduce or to totally inactivate these pathogens, if present, on the sprouts. The radiation D value, which is the amount of irradiation in kilograys for a 1-log reduction in cell numbers, for these pathogens was established using a minimum of five doses at 19 +/- 1 degrees C. Before inoculation, the sprouts were irradiated to 6 kGy to remove the background microflora. The sprouts were inoculated either with Salmonella spp. cocktails made with either meat or vegetable isolates or with E. coli O157:H7 cocktails made with either meat or vegetable isolates. The radiation D values for the Salmonella spp. cocktails on sprouts were 0.54 and 0.46 kGy, respectively, for the meat and vegetable isolates. The radiation D values for the E. coli O157:H7 cocktails on sprouts were 0.34 and 0.30 kGy, respectively, for the meat and vegetable isolates. Salmonella was not detected by enrichment culture on sprouts grown from alfalfa seeds naturally contaminated with Salmonella after the sprouts were irradiated to a dose of 0.5 kGy or greater. Ionizing radiation is a process that can be used to reduce the population of pathogens on sprouts.
C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 25
TC 67
Z9 68
U1 1
U2 10
PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC
PI DES MOINES
PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA
SN 0362-028X
J9 J FOOD PROTECT
JI J. Food Prot.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 63
IS 7
BP 871
EP 875
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA 333YL
UT WOS:000088158300004
PM 10914652
ER

PT J
AU Liao, CH
   Sapers, GM
AF Liao, CH
   Sapers, GM
TI Attachment and growth of Salmonella Chester on apple fruits and in vivo
   response of attached bacteria to sanitizer treatments
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
LA English
DT Article
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CHICKEN SKIN; MICROORGANISMS; MONTEVIDEO;
   TOMATOES; TYPHIMURIUM; SURFACES; EFFICACY; CHLORINE; PRODUCE
AB Attachment and growth of Salmonella Chester on fresh-cut apple disks and in vivo response of attached bacteria to sanitizer treatments were investigated. Apple disks (14 mm in diameter and 3 to 4 mm in thickness) were immersed in a bacterial suspension that contained 8.17 log CFU/ml of Salmonella Chester and air dried at room temperature for 10 min. After two rinses, the population of Salmonella Chester retained on apple disks that contained no skin was 13 to 19% higher than that retained on disks that contained skin, indicating that Salmonella Chester attached more firmly to the surfaces of injured tissue than to the unbroken skin. The number of bacteria attached to the disk was not affected by the immersion time but was directly proportional to the concentration of bacteria in the suspension. The distribution of artificially inoculated Salmonella Chester on the surfaces of three different parts of whole fruit was determined; 94% of attached bacteria was found on the stem and calyx cavity areas and 6% on the skin of the remaining area of the fruit. Despite their acidic pH (4.1), apple disks supported the growth of Salmonella Chester at 20 degrees C but not at 8 degrees C. All four sanitizers tested in the study, including 6% hydrogen peroxide, 2% trisodium phosphate, 0.36% calcium hypochlorite, and 1.76% sodium hypochlorite, were effective in reducing the population of Salmonella Chester on apple disks by 1 to 2 logs. However, 5 to 13% of bacteria survived the sanitizer treatments. Hydrogen peroxide, which reduced the population of Salmonella Chester on skin by 3 to 4 logs and the population of bacteria on stem or calyx by 1 to 2 logs, was the most effective among the four sanitizers tested. Firm attachment of bacteria on calyx, stem, and injured tissue and partial resistance of attached bacteria to sanitizer treatments are two major obstacles to be considered when developing methods for cleaning and decontaminating apple fruits destined for juice production and fresh consumption.
C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Liao, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 25
TC 67
Z9 69
U1 3
U2 14
PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC
PI DES MOINES
PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA
SN 0362-028X
J9 J FOOD PROTECT
JI J. Food Prot.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 63
IS 7
BP 876
EP 883
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA 333YL
UT WOS:000088158300005
PM 10914653
ER

PT J
AU Ma, SS
   Chen, PM
   Varga, DM
   Drake, SR
AF Ma, SS
   Chen, PM
   Varga, DM
   Drake, SR
TI Ethylene capsule promotes early ripening of 'd'Anjou' pears packed in
   modified atmosphere bags
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOSYNTHESIS; OXYGEN; STORAGE; FRUITS
AB 'd'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis, L.) harvested commercially with flesh firmness of 64.5 N were incapable of ripening normally at 20C within 60 days of air storage at -1C (denoted as "under-chilled" fruits). When under-chilled 'd'Anjou' fruits (8 fruits, total fruit weight of 1.8 kg) were packed in a 3.8-liter perforated bag inserted with all ethylene capsule, fruit would ripen normally at 20C. The ethylene concentration in the packed bag maintained no less than 100 ppm after 4 days at 20C, and declined to about 25 ppm on day 7. Regardless of the storage length, ripened fruit induced by the ethylene capsule developed high buttery and juicy texture, If 'd'Anjou' fruit had been stored at -1C for less than 30 days, ripened fruit lacked high flavor quality. Flavor quality of ripened fruit improved rapidly, when the fruit had been stored for longer than 30 days.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA.
RP Drake, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA.
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 2
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA
SN 0146-9428
J9 J FOOD QUALITY
JI J. Food Qual.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 23
IS 3
BP 245
EP 259
DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2000.tb00211.x
PG 15
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 340NC
UT WOS:000088539700001
ER

PT J
AU Miller, WR
   McDonald, RE
AF Miller, WR
   McDonald, RE
TI Carambola quality after heat treatment, cooling and storage
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; QUARANTINE TREATMENT;
   TEPHRITIDAE
AB Various cooling methods following heat treatment were investigated to reduce injury to carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) caused by heat stress. Cooling fruit with ice water (IW) caused more severe degradation to carambola quality compared with ambient air (AA), ambient water (AW) or refrigerated air (RA). Cooling fruit after heat treatment with RA at the targeted storage temperature (10C) resulted in the least damage to carambola. Refrigerated air, AA, and AW caused similar degradation such as peel pitting, bronzing, decay and weight loss, but AA cooled fruit were the least firm, and AW cooled fruit had the least preferred flavor. At the end of 7 days of storage, fruit heated with hot water (HW) were less yellow, than vapor heat (VH)-treated fruit, and fruit cooled by AA were more yellow than those cooled by other methods. There was no difference in peel color, total soluble solids, titratable solids, pH, or mastication texture of pulp among treatment combinations. Carambolas cooled with refrigerated air had the least injury compared with other cooling methods evaluated.
C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA.
RP Miller, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA.
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA
SN 0146-9428
J9 J FOOD QUALITY
JI J. Food Qual.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 23
IS 3
BP 283
EP 291
DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2000.tb00214.x
PG 9
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 340NC
UT WOS:000088539700004
ER

PT J
AU Neven, LG
   Drake, SR
   Ferguson, HJ
AF Neven, LG
   Drake, SR
   Ferguson, HJ
TI Effects of the rate of heating on apple and pear fruit quality
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; GRANNY SMITH APPLES; TORTRICIDAE; MORTALITY;
   TEMPERATURE; CALCIUM; STORAGE; SCALD; TIME
AB There is evidence that the rate of heating to meet quarantine security impacts fruit quality as well as insect mortality, Linear heating rates of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12C/h to treatment temperatures of 44 and 46C were used to treat 8 cultivars of apples ('Delicious', 'Golden Delicious', 'Granny Smith', 'Fuji', 'Gala', 'Jonagold', 'Braeburn', and 'Cameo') and two cultivars of winter pear ('d'Anjou' and 'Bosc'). Fruit were stored ripened, and tested for various quality parameters. Scald was controlled firmness was higher in heat treated fruit, ripening was delayed but uniform in pears, decay organisms were suppressed, red fruit became redder and green fruit remained green, the Brix-acid ratio (SS/TA) was either unchanged ('Granny Smith') or increased. Physiological disorders such as bitter pit were exacerbated by the heat treatment, requiring culling after treatment to avoid storage of fruit so affected.
C1 ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
RP Neven, LG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
NR 14
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA
SN 0146-9428
J9 J FOOD QUALITY
JI J. Food Qual.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 23
IS 3
BP 317
EP 325
DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2000.tb00217.x
PG 9
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 340NC
UT WOS:000088539700007
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, ET
   Berry, BW
AF Anderson, ET
   Berry, BW
TI Sensory, shear, and cooking properties of lower-fat beef patties made
   with inner pea fiber
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ground beef; lower fat; pea fiber; flavor; sensory
ID GROUND-BEEF; EXERCISE ENDURANCE; LEVEL; DIET; RATS
AB Lower fat (10% and 14%) ground beef patties containing inner pea fiber as dry powder or as part of a high fat mixture were compared to all-beef patties (10%, 14%, and 18% fat). Patties processed with pea fiber had improved tenderness and cooking yields and showed less change in thickness during cooking, but required longer cooking times to reach 71 degrees C compared to all-beef controls. Beef flavor intensity of pea fiber patties did not differ from 10% and 14% fat all-beef patties. Different forms of pea fiber usage produced similar patty properties. Use of inner pea fiber in lower fat beef patties improved tenderness and cooking yield, without negative effects on juiciness and flavor.
C1 ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Berry, BW (reprint author), ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 32
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 5
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 65
IS 5
BP 805
EP 810
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13591.x
PG 6
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 353ZT
UT WOS:000089305900013
ER

PT J
AU Lee, KT
   Foglia, TA
AF Lee, KT
   Foglia, TA
TI Fractionation of chicken fat triacylglycerols: Synthesis of structured
   lipids with immobilized lipases
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE fractionation; chicken fat; immobilization; phyllosilicates; structured
   lipids; enzymes
ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACID CONTENT; INTERESTERIFICATION
AB Chicken fat was temperature-fractionated either without or with solvent, and by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to produce triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions of varying monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content. Solvent fractionation from acetone at low temperature (-38 and -18 degrees C) was the most effective process for enriching the MUFA-containing TAG of chicken fat in the liquid fractions. Caprylic acid was incorporated into the MUFA-enriched TAG fraction in lipase-catalyzed acidolysis reactions to produce structured lipids (SLs). Immobilization of the lipase within sol-gel phyllosilicate matrices allowed for the reusability of both lipases.
C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Foglia, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 17
TC 16
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 6
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 65
IS 5
BP 826
EP 831
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13595.x
PG 6
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 353ZT
UT WOS:000089305900017
ER

PT J
AU Hernlem, BJ
   Tsai, LS
AF Hernlem, BJ
   Tsai, LS
TI Chlorine generation and disinfection by electroflotation
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE electroflotation; disinfection; chlorine; water reuse; food safety
AB Electroflotation is a promising technology for simultaneous disinfection and removal of floatable constituents of food process water or fluid products. A bench-scale electroflotation apparatus was constructed. The device demonstrated that disinfection was affected by the presence of chloride and the applied current. It was effective in disinfecting Escherichia coli when chloride was present at levels at least 5.6 mg L-1 at 0.8 A but not at 0.1 A even with 260 mg L-1 chloride. Experiments on salt solutions showed that chlorine generation efficiency increased with chloride up to 260 mg L-1 and also with current, reaching a constant value above 0.4 A. Gas generation efficiency was relatively constant. Appropriate selection of operating conditions may allow optimization of disinfection and separation in electroflotation.
C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
RP Hernlem, BJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
NR 14
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 5
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 65
IS 5
BP 834
EP 837
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13596.x
PG 4
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 353ZT
UT WOS:000089305900018
ER

PT J
AU Lima, IM
   Guraya, HS
   Champagne, ET
AF Lima, IM
   Guraya, HS
   Champagne, ET
TI Improved peanut flour for a reduced-fat peanut butter product
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE reduced-fat; peanut butter; optimization; stickiness; drum drying
AB A commercial peanut flour (12% fat) was mixed with water (30% w/w),homogenized and drum-dried in a double drum dryer. The drum clearance was adjusted to result in thin dried sheets which on milling resulted in a very fine, single banded particle size flour. The flour was no longer gritty and was used to dilute fat by mixing with full fat (52.5%) paste to obtain a 30% fat reduction in the peanut butter product. Response surface methodology RSM, was used to optimize drum temperature (T), speed (S), and clearance (C) in order to minimize stickiness and hardness, maximizing oil separation and particle size. Based on surface responses and contour plots, optimum conditions were: T = 135 degrees C, S = 1 rpm and C = 0.33 mm. Optimum values predicted by RSM for peanut flour particle size, peanut butter stickiness, hardness, and oil separation were: 49.65 mu m, 12347 N, 311.4 N and 6.87% respectively. Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was obtained.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
RP Lima, IM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
NR 15
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 3
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 65
IS 5
BP 854
EP 861
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13600.x
PG 8
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 353ZT
UT WOS:000089305900022
ER

PT J
AU Whitting, RC
   Hogue, A
   Schlosser, WD
   Ebel, ED
   Morales, RA
   Baker, A
   McDowell, RM
AF Whitting, RC
   Hogue, A
   Schlosser, WD
   Ebel, ED
   Morales, RA
   Baker, A
   McDowell, RM
TI A quantitative process model for Salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE microbial pathogen; food safety; risk assessment
ID RISK ASSESSMENT; GROWTH; HENS; CONTAMINATION; STRAINS
AB A stochastic model estimating growth of Salmonella Enteritidis during egg collection, processing, storage, and transportation is described. The model contains equations for internal egg temperature, yolk membrane integrity, and exponential growth rate of S. Enteritidis, Monte Carlo simulations determined that no growth was likely to occur during the average 4.5 d of the egg's progression from lay through transportation. However, various time-temperature combinations affected the subsequent abuse an egg can withstand before S. Enteritidis growth begins. Scenarios demonstrated the relative importance of ambient air temperature and indicated the greatest safety improvements in this phase for shell eggs would result from preventing unrefrigerated storage or hastening cooling immediately after lay.
C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA.
   FSIS, USDA, Washington, DC USA.
   FSIS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA.
   FSIS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   APHIS, USDA, Riverdale, MD USA.
RP Whitting, RC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20204 USA.
NR 26
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 65
IS 5
BP 864
EP 869
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13601.x
PG 6
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 353ZT
UT WOS:000089305900023
ER

PT J
AU Friedman, M
   Fitch, TE
   Yokoyama, WH
AF Friedman, M
   Fitch, TE
   Yokoyama, WH
TI Feeding tomatoes to hamsters reduces their plasma low-density
   lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE green tomatoes; red tomatoes; cholesterol; triglycerides; tomatine;
   hamster
ID BILIARY CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FIBER; PROTEINS; DEHYDROTOMATINE;
   ABSORPTION; SECRETION; PRODUCTS
AB Hamsters were fed semipurified diets containing green or red freeze-dried tomato powders. Compared to the control diet devoid of tomatoes, a 59% and 44% reduction low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was induced by both the green and red tomatoes, respectively. The corresponding reductions in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were 45% and 35% and in plasma triglyceride concentrations 47% and 31%, respectively. Plasma levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were unaffected. Fecal deoxycholic and lithocholic acid concentrations of hamsters on tomato diets were higher than those on control diets. Possible contributions of major components of green and red tomatoes to these beneficial effects are discussed.
C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517
NR 28
TC 46
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 2
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 65
IS 5
BP 897
EP 900
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13608.x
PG 4
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 353ZT
UT WOS:000089305900030
ER

PT J
AU Patton-Mallory, M
   Franzreb, K
   Carll, C
   Cline, R
AF Patton-Mallory, M
   Franzreb, K
   Carll, C
   Cline, R
TI Ethical conduct for research - A code of scientific ethics
SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB The USDA forest Service recently developed and adopted a code of ethical conduct for scientific research and development. The code addresses issues related to research misconduct, such as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research or in reporting research results, as well as issues related to professional misconduct, such as authorship practices, conflict of interest, and responsible treatment of data and resources. The adoption of a code of scientific ethics is expected to foster fairness, accuracy, and integrity in the conduct and reporting of scientific research within the agency.
C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   US Forest Serv, So Appalachians Cooperat Ecosyst Study Unit, USDA, Knoxville, TN USA.
   US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP Patton-Mallory, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU SOC AMER FORESTERS
PI BETHESDA
PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-1201
J9 J FOREST
JI J. For.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 98
IS 7
BP 32
EP 33
PG 2
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 418NX
UT WOS:000167899200020
ER

PT J
AU Palmer, RG
   Burzlaff, JD
   Shoemaker, RC
AF Palmer, RG
   Burzlaff, JD
   Shoemaker, RC
TI Genetic analyses of two independent chlorophyll-deficient mutants
   identified among the progeny of a single chimeric foliage soybean plant
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
ID ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; TISSUE-CULTURE; SOMACLONAL VARIATION;
   ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; UNSTABLE MUTATION;
   INHERITANCE; LINKAGE; K2; RECULTURE
AB Chimeric (variegated) foliage plants are frequently observed in many species. In soybean [Glycine max(L,) Merr,], progeny of chimeric plants are a source of nuclear and cytoplasmically inherited mutants. Self-pollinated progeny of a single chimeric plant derived from tissue culture of PI 427099 (Jilin 3) included plants with green foliage, chimeric foliage, yellow foliage (viable), and yellow foliage (lethal), Our objectives were to determine (1) inheritance, linkage, and allelism of the lethal-yellow mutant with known chlorophyll-deficient mutants; (2) inheritance, linkage, and allelism of the viable-yellow mutant with known chlorophyll-deficient mutants; (3) allelism of the lethal-yellow mutant with the viable-yellow mutant; and (4) male and female gamete transmission of the viable-yellow mutant trait. The viable-yellow mutant was allelic to T323, y20 y20 (Ames 2) Mdh1-n Mdh1-n (Ames 2) and was assigned genetic type collection number T361 and gene symbol y20 y20 (Ames 24) Mdh1-n Mdh1-n (Ames 22), The lethal-yellow mutant was allelic to T225H (Y18 y18) and was assigned genetic type collection number T362H and gene symbol Y18 y18 (Ames 2), T225H became Y18 y18 (Ames 1), The two chlorophyll-deficient mutants were not linked to each other. There was no significant difference in F-1 male or female gamete transmission of the viable-yellow mutant. However, many cross-combinations gave significant deviations from the expected 3 green plants:1 viable-yellow plant in the F-2 generation. The allelism of these two chlorophyll-deficient mutants with mutants T225H and T323, derived from putative transposable element systems, is intriguing. An explanation of this phenomenon awaits molecular experimentation.
C1 ARS, USDA, CICG Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CICG Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1503
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 91
IS 4
BP 297
EP 303
DI 10.1093/jhered/91.4.297
PG 7
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 333UK
UT WOS:000088149000005
PM 10912676
ER

PT J
AU Ledig, FT
AF Ledig, FT
TI Founder effects and the genetic structure of Coulter pine
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
ID ISOZYME VARIATION; LODGEPOLE PINE; RARE ALLELES; POPULATION; HISTORY;
   HETEROZYGOSITY; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; DISTANCE; FLOW
AB Mean expected heterozygosity at 33 isozyme loci decreased with latitude from 0.193 near the southern extreme of Coulter pine's range to 0.107 at its northern extreme, This decrease was paralleled by a loss of alleles north of the Peninsular Ranges of southern California, Fifteen alleles dropped out along the roughly linear range, at points coincident with large gaps in the species' distribution. The pattern may reflect a cascading series of founder events as Coulter pine invaded the Transverse Ranges and the South Coast Ranges from Pleistocene refugia, Alleles were not replaced following colonization, probably because migration, Nm, among populations is only 0.74-1.27, depending on estimator, the lowest values reported in any pines. Wright's (F-ST) indicated that 16.5% of the total genic diversity is among populations. The fixation index, (F-IS) of 0.072 indicated only a moderate excess of homozygotes, However, the northernmost outlier had significant excess homozygosity (F = 0.253), Hybridization may also play a role in the genetic structure of Coulter pine: 16 alleles were novel, or private, occurring only where Coulter pine was sympatric with Jeffrey pine, particularly at San Benito Mountain, Some of these novel alleles could be the result of introgression from Jeffrey pine, or possibly represent hybrizymes, products of intragenic recombination between genomes.
C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA.
RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA.
NR 57
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 4
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1503
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 91
IS 4
BP 307
EP 315
DI 10.1093/jhered/91.4.307
PG 9
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 333UK
UT WOS:000088149000007
PM 10912678
ER

PT J
AU Liu, S
   Saha, S
   Stelly, D
   Burr, B
   Cantrell, RG
AF Liu, S
   Saha, S
   Stelly, D
   Burr, B
   Cantrell, RG
TI Chromosomal assignment of microsatellite loci in cotton
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPREHENSIVE GENETIC-MAP; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; SIZE HOMOPLASY; GENOME;
   MARKERS; ORGANIZATION; WHEAT; PCR
AB Microsatellite markers or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) represent a new class of genetic markers for cotton (Gossypium sp,), Sixty-five SSR primer pairs were used to amplify 71 marker loci and genotype 13 monosomic and 27 monotelodisomic cotton cytogenetic stocks, Forty-two SSR loci were assigned to cotton chromosomes or chromosome arms. Thirty SSRs were not located to specific chromosomes in this study, Nineteen marker loci were shown to occur on the A subgenome and 11 on the D subgenome by screening accessions of G. herbaceum (2n = 2x = 26 = 2A(1)) and G. raimondii(2n = 2x = 26 = 2D(5)). The aneuploid stocks proved to be very powerful tools for localizing SSR markers to individual cotton chromosomes. Multiplex PCR bins of the SSR primers and semiautomated detection of the amplified products were optimized in this experiment, Thirteen multiplex PCR bins were optimized to contain an average of 4 SSR primer pairs per bin. This provides a protocol for high-throughput genotyping of cotton SSRs that improves the efficiency of genetic mapping and marker-assisted programs utilizing SSR markers.
C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
   ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Cantrell, RG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119
NR 27
TC 71
Z9 85
U1 1
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1503
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 91
IS 4
BP 326
EP 332
PG 7
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 333UK
UT WOS:000088149000010
PM 10912681
ER

PT J
AU Ju, ZG
   Duan, YS
   Ju, ZQ
   Curry, EA
AF Ju, ZG
   Duan, YS
   Ju, ZQ
   Curry, EA
TI Stripped plant oils maintain fruit quality of 'Golden Delicious' apples
   and 'Bartlett' pears after prolonged cold storage
SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD; ETHYLENE; INJURY; ACID; LIFE
AB Effects of stripped (alpha-tocopherol reduced) plant oils (corn, soybean, peanut, cottonseed, and linseed) on ethylene, fruit firmness, colour, titratable acidity (TA), and soluble solids content (SSC) were evaluated in 'Golden Delicious' apples after six months' and 'Bartlett' pears after six weeks' storage at 0 degrees C. All oils similarly inhibited ethylene production and accumulation in the first two weeks in 'Bartlett' and in the first three months in 'Golden Delicious'. Compared with the untreated controls, oil-treated fruit were firmer, greener, and contained a higher level of TA after six weeks or six months at 0 degrees C plus 7 d at 20 degrees C. Treating with 200 mu l l(-1) propylene for 6 h at harvest stimulated ethylene production, accelerated fruit softening and degreening, and reduced acidity after cold storage in untreated apples and pears. In oil-treated fruit, however, propylene treatment was ineffective. SSC was not affected by oil or propylene treatment. During one week of storage at 20 degrees C, ethylene production and changes in fruit firmness, colour, and acidity were reduced by oil treatments applied to fruit at harvest (preclimacteric) or applied to fruit after one month of storage at 0 degrees C (climacteric). The effectiveness of oil treatment, however, was higher in preclimacteric than in climacteric fruit.
C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA.
   Eureka Biotechnol Co, Fruit Res Lab, Dept R&D, Shandong, Peoples R China.
RP Ju, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA.
EM ju@tfrl.ars.usda.gov
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD
PI ASHFORD
PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND
SN 1462-0316
J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH
JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 75
IS 4
BP 423
EP 427
PG 5
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 337EA
UT WOS:000088343400010
ER

PT J
AU Alonso-Pimentel, H
   Spangler, HG
   Rogers, R
   Papaj, DR
AF Alonso-Pimentel, H
   Spangler, HG
   Rogers, R
   Papaj, DR
TI Acoustic component and social context of the wing display of the walnut
   fly Rhagoletis juglandis
SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
DE wing display; wing vibration; sound; courtship; near-field
   communication; Rhagoletis juglandis
ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; FRUIT-FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; FLIES
AB Courtship signaling via wing vibration, accompanied by sound production, has been reported in several species of tephritids. In this large family of flies, sound communication as well as complex courtship displays appears to be restricted to species with lekking mating systems (i.e., Mediterranean fruit fly, Anastrepha and Dacus species). In contrast, in tephritid species with resource-defense mating systems, such as species in the genus Rhagoletis, little or no courtship behavior acoustical or otherwise, has been described Wing displays in Rhagoletis species have been considered to play a visual role. This study describes a distinctive wing display per-formed by males of the walnut fly, Rhagoletis juglandis. Laboratory experiments and field observations demonstrate that the male wing display plays a role in courtship. We used sound and vibration detectors to record the signals produced by this wing display Using a combination of techniques, we were able to record both the very low-frequency vibration and its accompanying airborne infrasound (12-22 Hz) produced by the males.
C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Spangler, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 200 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
NR 21
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 4
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0892-7553
J9 J INSECT BEHAV
JI J. Insect Behav.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 13
IS 4
BP 511
EP 524
DI 10.1023/A:1007859518070
PG 14
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341GR
UT WOS:000088583100004
ER

PT J
AU Jang, EB
   Messing, RH
   Klungness, LM
   Carvalho, LA
AF Jang, EB
   Messing, RH
   Klungness, LM
   Carvalho, LA
TI Flight tunnel responses of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)
   (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) to olfactory and visual stimuli
SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Diachasmimorpha longicaudata; parasitoid; wind tunnel; tephritid;
   host-habitat finding
ID TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLIES; HOST; FLY; DIPTERA; PARASITOIDS; BEHAVIOR; WIND;
   ODOR
AB Cohorts of mass-reared, naive Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies, were released in a laminar airflow wind tunnel to study their responses to visual and olfactory stimuli associated with their host habitat. Parasitoids were five times more likely to land on yellow plastic spheres emitting the odor of ripe, guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) than to spheres emitting clean air. The rate of landing was not modified by the presence of green artificial leaves adjacent to the spheres in the tunnel or by the inclusion of green leaf volatiles emanating with the guava odors. However, hovering activity was twice as frequent around spheres adjacent to artificial leaves than around isolated spheres. Oviposition activity on spheres emitting guava odor Mitts not affected by the presence of artificial leaves nor by green leaf volatiles. This suggests that inexperienced D. longicaudata may be instinctively attracted to foliage and to fruit odor but that landing (arrestment) and oviposition are influenced more by odor than by the appearance of fruit or foliage. D, longicaudata are not instinctively attracted to larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis in the absence of host-habitat stimuli. More wasp activity occurred around oviposition units containing larvae if the odor of ripe/overripe guava was present. Successful wasp reproduction occurred only in units with guava odor.
C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
RP Jang, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
NR 25
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 11
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0892-7553
J9 J INSECT BEHAV
JI J. Insect Behav.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 13
IS 4
BP 525
EP 538
DI 10.1023/A:1007811602140
PG 14
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341GR
UT WOS:000088583100005
ER

PT J
AU Raina, AK
   Adams, JR
   Lupiani, B
   Lynn, DE
   Kim, WJ
   Burand, JP
   Dougherty, EM
AF Raina, AK
   Adams, JR
   Lupiani, B
   Lynn, DE
   Kim, WJ
   Burand, JP
   Dougherty, EM
TI Further characterization of the gonad-specific virus of corn earworm,
   Helicoverpa zea
SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE nonoccluded virus; DNA virus; Helicoverpa zea; reproductive system;
   sterility
ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; INSECT VIRUS; REPLICATION; LEPIDOPTERA;
   NOCTUIDAE; BACULOVIRUS
AB The gonad-specific virus (GSV) is a DNA virus infecting the reproductive tracts of adults of both sexes of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea, causing severe tissue deformities leading to sterility. Atypical occlusion bodies containing large concentrations of virions embedded in a granular matrix were seen in the lumen of the oviduct and the bursa copulatrix of infected females. The virus, transmitted by both sexes, was successfully propagated in vivo and in tissue culture. The GSV genome is about 225 kb in size, with no apparent similarity to the nucleopolyhedrovirus type species, AcMNPV, genomic DNA, as determined by Southern hybridization. PCR amplification of GSV genomic DNA with primers derived from the highly conserved polyhedra gene of several baculoviruses indicated no similarity. GSV at 10(-2) female equivalents (based on virus obtained from the bursa copulatrix and oviducts of one infected female) injected into a newly emerged female and mated to a normal male resulted in >95% agonadal progeny. However, at lower doses, some of the adult progeny looked normal but apparently carried a low level of the virus that could be responsible for sustenance of infection in a given colony, as well as in nature. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Raina, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, FSTRU, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011
NR 23
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2011
J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL
JI J. Invertebr. Pathol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 76
IS 1
BP 6
EP 12
DI 10.1006/jipa.2000.4942
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 341JD
UT WOS:000088586500002
PM 10963397
ER

PT J
AU Shapiro, DI
   Lewis, EE
   Paramasivam, S
   McCoy, CW
AF Shapiro, DI
   Lewis, EE
   Paramasivam, S
   McCoy, CW
TI Nitrogen partitioning in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-infected hosts
   and the effects of nitrogen on attraction/repulsion
SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE biological control; entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis
   bacteriophora; host attraction; infected host; nitrogen
ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; STEINERNEMATIDAE; SOIL; REPRODUCTION;
   LUMINESCENS; CARPOCAPSAE; STABILITY; PROTEASE; INSECTS; CONTACT
AB Entomopathogenic nematode behavior is affected by the condition of their infected hosts. We hypothesized that nitrogen compounds released from infected hosts may be one factor affecting entomopathogenic nematode host-finding and infection behaviors. Our objectives were to (1) investigate the partitioning of nitrogen in Galleria mellonella (L,) infected by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and (2) determine attraction and repulsion of H. bacteriophora to various quantities of nitrogen (ammonia). Volatile (ammonia), organic, and inorganic nitrogen forms were monitored during the course of infection. Approximately 0.052 mg of nitrogen was released from a single infected host as volatile ammonia, Most of the ammonia release was detected within the first 3 days postinoculation. Organic nitrogen increased during the course of infection, whereas inorganic nitrogen decreased. The net nitrogen change in the infected host consisted of a loss of approximately 47 mg, most of which was lost within the Ist meek of infection, Accelerated loss of nitrogen early in the infection process was likely correlated with activity and growth of bacterial symbionts, Increased organic nitrogen was likely associated with nematode reproduction within the host. Attraction or repulsion of H. bacteriophora to nitrogen (ammonium hydroxide) was measured on agar quadrant plates, Nematodes were attracted to 16 and 160 mu g of nitrogen and repelled by concentrations of 1600 and 8000 mu g. Our data indicate that nitrogen released from H. bacteriophora-infected hosts attracts nematodes at lower levels (early in the infection) and repels them at higher concentrations (later in the infection process). (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA.
   Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA.
   Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA.
   Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Shapiro, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA.
NR 31
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2011
J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL
JI J. Invertebr. Pathol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 76
IS 1
BP 43
EP 48
DI 10.1006/jipa.2000.4944
PG 6
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 341JD
UT WOS:000088586500007
PM 10963402
ER

PT J
AU Ali, R
   Elliott, RL
   Ayars, JE
   Stevens, EW
AF Ali, R
   Elliott, RL
   Ayars, JE
   Stevens, EW
TI Soil salinity modeling over shallow water tables. I: Validation of
   LEACHC
SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID IRRIGATION DRAINAGE DESIGN; MANAGEMENT MODEL; PLANT
AB Soil salinity is a very common problem in today's irrigated agriculture. High salinity levels adversely impact crop yields and reduce overall soil quality. The presence of a saline shallow water table can be a major contributor to this problem. The LEACHC version of LEACHM is one of the few numerical models that considers independent movement of individual ions along with their detailed chemistry. This model has apparently not previously been tested under saline shallow water table conditions. LEACHC was evaluated using both lysimeter and field data from the literature. The model performed reasonably well in simulating solute transport above a saline shallow water table. For both data sets used in model validation, less reactive ions (sodium and chloride) were predicted well while calcium concentrations were underpredicted. For the field data, the model predicted soil electrical conductivity (EC) profiles better than most of the individual ions. The water content profiles associated with the field data were also predicted quite well. Based on these results, LEACHC was selected as a simulation tool for evaluating the effects of management practices on salinity transport in crop root zones above a saline shallow water table.
C1 CSIRO Land & Water, Perth, WA, Australia.
   Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK USA.
   ARS, Water Mgmt Res Lab, USDA, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
RP Ali, R (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, Perth, WA, Australia.
RI Ali, Riasat/E-2348-2013
NR 29
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
SN 0733-9437
J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE
JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 126
IS 4
BP 223
EP 233
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2000)126:4(223)
PG 11
WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources
GA 337XJ
UT WOS:000088388200004
ER

PT J
AU Ali, R
   Elliott, RL
   Ayars, JE
   Stevens, EW
AF Ali, R
   Elliott, RL
   Ayars, JE
   Stevens, EW
TI Soil salinity modeling over shallow water tables. II: Application of
   LEACHC
SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID IRRIGATION DRAINAGE DESIGN; MANAGEMENT MODEL; PLANT
AB Root zone salinity is one of the major factors adversely affecting crop production. A saline shallow water table can contribute significantly to salinity increases in the root zone. A soil salinity model (LEACHC) was used to simulate the effects of various management alternatives and initial conditions on root zone salinity, given a consistently high water table. The impact of water table salinity levels, irrigation management strategies, soil types, and crop types on the accumulation of salts in the root zone and on crop yields was evaluated. There were clear differences in soil salinity accumulations depending upon the depth and salinity of the water table. In general, increasing water table depth reduced average soil profile salinity, as did having lower salinity in the water table. Among the four irrigation strategies that were compared, the 14-day irrigation interval with replenishment of 75% of evapotranspiration (ET) resulted in the lowest soil salinity. With a 4-day interval and 50% ET replenishment, a wheat yield reduction of nearly 40% was predicted after three years of salt accumulation. Soil type and crop type had minimal or no impact on soil salinity accumulation. Under all conditions, soil water average electrical conductivity increased during the 3-year simulation period. This trend continued when the simulation period was extended to 6 years. Under the conditions shown to develop the highest average soil salinity (high water table, low irrigation), an annual presowing irrigation of 125 mm caused a nearly 50% reduction in soil salinity at the end of the 6-year simulation period, as compared with the soil salinity given no presowing irrigation.
C1 CSIRO, Perth, WA, Australia.
   Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
   ARS, Water Mgmt Res Lab, USDA, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
RP Ali, R (reprint author), CSIRO, Perth, WA, Australia.
RI Ali, Riasat/E-2348-2013
NR 17
TC 9
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
SN 0733-9437
J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE
JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 126
IS 4
BP 234
EP 242
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2000)126:4(234)
PG 9
WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources
GA 337XJ
UT WOS:000088388200005
ER

PT J
AU Brousseau, ME
   Eberhart, GP
   Dupuis, J
   Asztalos, BF
   Goldkamp, AL
   Schaefer, EJ
   Freeman, MW
AF Brousseau, ME
   Eberhart, GP
   Dupuis, J
   Asztalos, BF
   Goldkamp, AL
   Schaefer, EJ
   Freeman, MW
TI Cellular cholesterol efflux in heterozygotes for Tangier disease is
   markedly reduced and correlates with high density lipoprotein
   cholesterol concentration and particle size
SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE apolipoprotein; ATP-binding cassette 1; cholesterol; efflux;
   lipoproteins; Tangier disease
ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER-1; FRACTIONAL CATABOLIC
   RATE; INTRACELLULAR CHOLESTEROL; CONTAINING SUBPOPULATIONS; INVIVO
   METABOLISM; PLASMA; FIBROBLASTS; GENE; MACROPHAGES
AB Tangier disease (TD), caused by mutations in the ATP-binding cassette 1 (ABC-1) gene, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe deficiency of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the plasma, hypercatabolism of HDL, and defective apolipoprotein (apo)-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux. In the present study, we assessed plasma lipid concentrations, HDL particle size and subspecies, and cellular cholesterol efflux in 9 TD heterozygotes from a kindred in which the proband was homozygous for an A-->C missense mutation at nucleotide 5338 of the ABC-1 transcript. Relative to age- and gender-matched controls from the Framing-ham Offspring Study (FOS), TD heterozygotes had significant reductions (P < 0.000) in HDL-C (-54% female; -40% male) and apoA-I (-33% female; -37% male) concentrations, as well as significantly less cholesterol (-68% female; -58% male) distributed in the largest HDL subclasses, H5 and H4. Consequently, HDL particle size (mm) was significantly smaller (P < 0.000) in TD heterozygotes (8.6 +/- 0.6 female; 8.7 +/- 0.1 male) relative to FOS controls (9.4 +/- 0.4 female; 9.0 +/- 0.3 male). Further studies demonstrated that apoA-I-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux in TD heterozygotes was essentially half that of controls (11 +/- 2 vs. 20 +/- 3% of total [H-3]cholesterol, P < 0.001), with strong correlations observed between cholesterol efflux and both HDL- C level (r = 0.600) and particle size (r = 0.680). In summary, our data demonstrate that apolipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux is aberrant in TD heterozygotes, as it is in homozygotes. This finding, along with the associations observed between HDL-C concentration, HDL particle size, and cholesterol efflux, supports the concept that plasma HDL-C levels are regulated, in part, by cholesterol efflux, which in turn influences HDL particle size and, ultimately, HDL apoA-I catabolism.
C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Lipid Metab Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Genome Therapeut Corp, Dept Human Genet, Waltham, MA 02453 USA.
   Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Freeman, MW (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Lipid Metab Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
RI 应, 宁宁/G-9472-2011
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45098, HL-09319, R01 HL064738]
NR 53
TC 60
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPID RESEARCH INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0022-2275
J9 J LIPID RES
JI J. Lipid Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 41
IS 7
BP 1125
EP 1135
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 335GZ
UT WOS:000088236900013
PM 10884295
ER

PT J
AU Pound, JM
   Miller, JA
   George, JE
   Lemeilleur, CA
AF Pound, JM
   Miller, JA
   George, JE
   Lemeilleur, CA
TI The '4-poster' passive topical treatment device to apply acaricide for
   controlling ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) feeding on white-tailed deer
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Amblyomma americanum; lone star tick; mitraz; acaricide; self-treatment
ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; LONE STAR TICKS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI;
   HOST-TARGETED PERMETHRIN; REDUCED ABUNDANCE; SCAPULARIS ACARI;
   LYME-DISEASE; DUNCAN APPLICATOR; NEW-JERSEY; POUR-ON
AB A '4-poster' device that attracts white-tailed deer to a bait source, and as they feed, allows a self-application of a pesticide to the head, ears, and neck to control ticks was designed, constructed. and tested. The device consists of a central bin containing bait to attract deer and two feeding and application stations. These stations each have one bait port and two vertical pesticide-impregnated applicator rollers. This design allows unrestricted vertical retraction of the head to minimize injury to the deer or damage to the posts supporting the pesticide application rollers. Observations using deer demonstrated ready acceptance and repeated use by both antlered and antlerless deer. Results of an initial trial indicate that control values for lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.). exceeded 92-97% on deer that used the device regularly.
C1 ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA.
RP Pound, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA.
NR 54
TC 55
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 8
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-2585
J9 J MED ENTOMOL
JI J. Med. Entomol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 37
IS 4
BP 588
EP 594
DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.4.588
PG 7
WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 359RF
UT WOS:000089625300014
PM 10916301
ER

PT J
AU Whyte, AC
   Joshi, BK
   Gloer, JB
   Wicklow, DT
   Dowd, PF
AF Whyte, AC
   Joshi, BK
   Gloer, JB
   Wicklow, DT
   Dowd, PF
TI New cyclic peptide and bisindolyl benzenoid metabolites from the
   sclerotia of Aspergillus sclerotiorum
SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
LA English
DT Article
ID AMINO-ACIDS; ASTERRIQUINONES; BIOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTS; TERREUS
AB Scleramide (1), a new cyclic hexapeptide, and a new oxidized bisindolyl benzenoid derivative (2 "-oxoasterriquinol D methyl ether, 2) were isolated from extracts of the sclerotia of Aspergillus sclerotiorum (NRRL 5167). The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
   ARS, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0163-3864
J9 J NAT PROD
JI J. Nat. Prod.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 63
IS 7
BP 1006
EP 1009
DI 10.1021/np000103v
PG 4
WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 340XN
UT WOS:000088562000029
PM 10924188
ER

PT J
AU Montuenga, LM
   Burrell, MA
   Garayoa, M
   Llopiz, D
   Vos, M
   Moody, T
   Garcia-Ros, D
   Martinez, A
   Villaro, AC
   Elsasser, T
   Cuttitta, F
AF Montuenga, LM
   Burrell, MA
   Garayoa, M
   Llopiz, D
   Vos, M
   Moody, T
   Garcia-Ros, D
   Martinez, A
   Villaro, AC
   Elsasser, T
   Cuttitta, F
TI Expression of proadrenomedullin derived peptides in the mammalian
   pituitary: Co-localization of follicle stimulating hormone and
   proadrenomedullin N-20 terminal peptide-like peptide in the same
   secretory granules of the gonadotropes
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE adrenomedullin; proadrenomedullin; N-terminal 20 peptide; gonadotropes;
   pituitary
ID STEROIDOGENIC FACTOR-I; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; ADRENOMEDULLIN GENE;
   IMMUNOREACTIVE ADRENOMEDULLIN; N-TERMINAL-20 PEPTIDE; HYPOTENSIVE
   PEPTIDE; PORCINE TISSUE; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT; TRANSCRIPTION
AB Expression of proadrenomedullin-derived peptides in the rat, cow and human pituitary was studied by a variety of techniques. Immunocytochemical detection showed a widespread expression of adrenomedullin peptide in the adenohypophysis and the neural lobe, with low expression in the intermediate pituitary. Proadrenomedullin N-20 terminal peptide (PAMP)-immunoreactivity was also present in the anterior pituitary but showed a more marked heterogeneous distribution, with cells going from very strong to negative immunostaining. Lower levels of PAMP were found in the neural lobe. Interestingly, the distribution of adrenomedullin and PAMP immunoreactivity in the anterior pituitary did not completely overlap. In the present study, we concentrated our efforts to determine which cell type of the adenohypophysis expresses PAMP. Paraffin and semithin serial sections immunostained for PAMP and the classical pituitary hormones revealed that a subpopulation of the gonadotropes expresses high levels of PAMP-immunoreactive material. Ultrastructural analysis clearly showed PAMP-immunoreactivity in the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-containing large secretory granules of the gonadotropes, suggesting simultaneous secretion of PAMP and FSH by this cell type. Three mouse adenohypophysis-derived cell lines (AtT20, GH3, and alpha T3-1 derived from corticotropes, lacto/somatotropes and gonadotropes, respectively) were also analysed and showed expression of both proadrenomedullin-derived peptides and their mRNA. Functional studies in these three cell lines showed that neither adrenomedullin nor PAMP was able to stimulate cAMP production in our experimental conditions. Taken together, our results support that proadrenomedullin derived peptides are expressed in the pituitary in cell-specific and not overlapping patterns, that could be explained by differences in postranslational processing. Our data showing costorage of PAMP and FSH in the same secretory granules open a way by which PAMP could be involved in the control of reproductive physiology in a coordinated manner with FSH.
C1 Univ Navarra, Sch Med, Dept Histol & Pathol, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain.
   NCI, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, DCS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Montuenga, LM (reprint author), Univ Navarra, Sch Med, Dept Histol & Pathol, C-Irunlarres 1, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain.
RI Martinez, Alfredo/A-3077-2013; Burrell, Maria/J-2570-2012
OI Martinez, Alfredo/0000-0003-4882-4044; Burrell,
   Maria/0000-0002-8018-764X
NR 45
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8194
J9 J NEUROENDOCRINOL
JI J. Neuroendocrinol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 12
IS 7
BP 607
EP 617
PG 11
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 321XU
UT WOS:000087481300003
PM 10849205
ER

PT J
AU Reeds, PJ
AF Reeds, PJ
TI Dispensable and indispensable amino acids for humans
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT yymposium on Criteria and Significance of Dietary Protein Sources in
   Humans
CY OCT   04, 1999
CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
SP Natl Dairy Council, Int Dairy Fdn, United Kingdom Dairy Assoc, Dairy Farmes Canada, Davisco Foods Int Inc, New Zealand Milk, CAMPINA MELKUNIE, Zaltbomme, Land O Lakes, CERIN
DE amino acid nutrition; metabolism; dietary requirement; function
ID NITROGEN-METABOLISM; PROLINE SYNTHESIS; NEONATAL PIGLETS; FREE DIET;
   ARGININE; HEALTHY; BODY; MILK; PIGS; HOMEOSTASIS
AB Here, we compared the traditional nutritional definition of the dispensable and indispensable amino acids for humans with categorizations based on amino acid metabolism and function. The three views lead to somewhat different interpretations, From a nutritional perspective, it is quite clear that some amino acids are absolute dietary necessities if normal growth is to be maintained. Even so, growth responses to deficiencies of dispensable amino acids can be found in the literature. From a strictly metabolic perspective, there are only three indispensable amino acids (lysine, threonine and tryptophan) and two dispensable amino acids (glutamate and serine). In addition, a consideration of in vivo amino acid metabolism leads to the definition of a third class of amino acids, termed conditionally essential, whose synthesis can be carried out by mammals but can be limited by a variety of factors. These factors include the dietary supply of the appropriate precursors and the maturity and health of the individual. From a functional perspective, all amino acids are essential, and an argument in favor of the idea of the critical importance of nonessential and conditionally essential amino acids to physiological function is developed.
C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Reeds, PJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
NR 41
TC 116
Z9 121
U1 1
U2 19
PU AMER INST NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-3166
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 130
IS 7
BP 1835S
EP 1840S
PG 6
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 331WT
UT WOS:000088042200032
PM 10867060
ER

PT J
AU Reeds, P
   Schaafsma, G
   Tome, D
   Young, V
AF Reeds, P
   Schaafsma, G
   Tome, D
   Young, V
TI Summary of the workshop with recommendations
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Inst Natl Agron Patis Grignon, Paris, France.
   Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   DMV Int, Ctr Expertise Nutr, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
   MIT, Sch Sci, Human Nutr Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   MIT, Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Tome, D (reprint author), Inst Natl Agron Patis Grignon, Paris, France.
NR 6
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-3166
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 130
IS 7
BP 1874S
EP 1876S
PG 3
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 331WT
UT WOS:000088042200038
PM 10867066
ER

PT J
AU Akin, DE
   Himmelsbach, DS
   Morrison, WH
AF Akin, DE
   Himmelsbach, DS
   Morrison, WH
TI Biobased fiber production: enzyme retting for flax/linen fibers
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE aromatics; waxes; pectins; retting; fiber
ID FLAX HYPOCOTYL; CORTICAL PARENCHYMA; CELL-WALLS; CALCIUM;
   POLYSACCHARIDES; QUALITY; TISSUES; PECTINS; STEMS
AB Flax (Linum ustitatissimum L.) is the source of natural fibers that provides biobased products for a variety of existing markets, but considerable processing and cleaning is required. Flax fibers, and bast fibers generally, are produced in the outer regions of the stem between bark and inner core tissues and require retting, which is the microbial separation of fiber from nonfiber tissues, as the first and most limiting stage of processing. Enzyme retting offers a method to overcome disadvantages of the current method, i.e., dew-retting, for high- and consistent-quality fibers with tailored properties for specific applications. Using chemical analyses, microscopy, and microspectroscopy, sites of carbohydrates, aromatics, and waxes plus cutins were identified in flax stems and their relationship to effective enzyme retting determined. Aromatics occur mostly in the inner, core tissues, with the fibers containing only small amounts located sporadically in cell corners of fiber bundles. Therefore, effective retting using enzymes to separate the aromatic-containing tissues from the fibers, but not to degrade aromatic compounds per se, is required. Waxes and cutin in the epidermal regions are effective barriers to enzyme penetration, and mechanical disruption facilitates enzyme penetration into the stems. Pectinases, with chelators to remove Ca++ and destabilize pectin molecules, remove matrix compounds holding fibers within the stem and have been used in effective formulations to ret flax stems.
C1 ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
RP Akin, DE (reprint author), ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
NR 25
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 5
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1566-2543
J9 J POLYM ENVIRON
JI J. Polym. Environ.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 8
IS 3
BP 103
EP 109
DI 10.1023/A:1014886631052
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA 551FE
UT WOS:000175548500001
ER

PT J
AU Leathers, TD
   Govind, NS
   Greene, RV
AF Leathers, TD
   Govind, NS
   Greene, RV
TI Biodegradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by a
   tropical marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp NRRL b-30083
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE biodegradation; marine; polyhydroxyalkanoates;
   poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate); Pseudoalteromonas
ID DEGRADATION; POLY(HYDROXYALKANOATES); POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; GENES
AB Pseudoalteromonas sp. NRRL B-30083 was isolated as the predominant PHBV-degading organism from a tropical marine environment. In complex medium, the isolate grew well at temperatures between 23degreesC and 33degreesC, with an optimal doubling time of about 30 min. NaCl was required at concentrations between 0.2 N and 0.8 N. Optimal pH levels for growth were between pH 6.5 and pH 8.5. Liquid cultures grew modestly on PHBV as a sole carbon source under optimal conditions, although PHBV depolymerase activity was not detected.
C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00709 USA.
   ARS, Off Int Res Programs, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
EM leathetd@mail.ncaur.usda.gov
NR 16
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1566-2543
J9 J POLYM ENVIRON
JI J. Polym. Environ.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 8
IS 3
BP 119
EP 124
DI 10.1023/A:1014873731961
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA 551FE
UT WOS:000175548500003
ER

PT J
AU Gordon, SH
   Imam, SH
   James, C
AF Gordon, SH
   Imam, SH
   James, C
TI A method for measuring degradation of individual components in
   multicomponent biodegradable plastics by Fourier transform infrared
   spectrometry
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE biodegradable plastics; polymers; multicomponent analysis; chemometric
   method; infrared spectrometry; r-matrix
ID MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION
AB A new chemometric method based on Beer's law was derived that uses peak ratios from Fourier transform infrared spectra of neat polymers and their composite plastics to quantify degradation of the individual polymers after biodegradation. The method affords direct measurement of polymer concentrations and weight losses without prior calibration against known composites. Unlike traditional chemometric methods, this method does not require sampling of as many or more different composites as the number of polymers in the composite being analyzed. When the neat polymer spectra are known, only two measurements, one before and one after biodegradation, are needed. A potentially major advance is that the method allows automation of analytical infrared wavelength selection by computer from all possible wavelength combinations. In this paper, the theoretical basis and derivation of the mathematical model for multicomponent systems is presented. The validity of the model was proved initially by applying the method to simulated two-polymer and three-polymer composites and finally by comparing test results with known samples of biodegradable composites prepared in the laboratory. Potential future development of the method for more challenging multicomponent plastics is discussed.
C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Gordon, SH (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1566-2543
J9 J POLYM ENVIRON
JI J. Polym. Environ.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 8
IS 3
BP 125
EP 134
DI 10.1023/A:1014825816031
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA 551FE
UT WOS:000175548500004
ER

PT J
AU Li, JC
   Chen, HD
AF Li, JC
   Chen, HD
TI Biodegradation of whey protein-based edible films
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE edible film; protein film; whey protein; microbial degradation; compost
   degradation
ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; CASEINATE FILMS
AB The biodegradability of the edible films made of whey proteins by disulfide cross-linking was investigated. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) films were subjected to microbial degradation using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and composting burial degradation. Results from the microbial degradation showed that whey protein films could support the growth of R aeruginosa. The bacterial growth characteristics were well described using the Gompertz model. WPC films degraded faster than WPI films, suggesting that the biodegradability of protein films is associated with the film composition and the extent of covalent cross-linking. WPI films buried in a compost pile be-an to degrade in two days and became darker over time. More than 80% of total solids were lost in 7 days.
C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
RP Chen, HD (reprint author), USDA, CSREES, PAS, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Mail Stop 2220, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 12
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1566-2543
J9 J POLYM ENVIRON
JI J. Polym. Environ.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 8
IS 3
BP 135
EP 143
DI 10.1023/A:1014877800102
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA 551FE
UT WOS:000175548500005
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, GW
   Willett, JL
   Carriere, CJ
   Wu, YV
AF Zhou, GW
   Willett, JL
   Carriere, CJ
   Wu, YV
TI Effect of starch granule size on viscosity of starch-filled poly(hydroxy
   ester ether) composites
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE starch; particle size; composite; viscosity; polyester
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SUSPENSIONS; PACKING; BLENDS; SHEAR
AB The effect of starch granule size on the viscosity of starch-filled poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE) composites was characterized using size-fractionated potato starch, as well as unfractionated starches (rice, corn, wheat, and potato). Potato starch was separated using an air classifier into four particle size fractions: <18 &mu;m, 18-24 &mu;m, 24-30 &mu;m, and >30 mum. The starch was dried to a moisture content of 0.5% to minimize moisture effects on composite rheology. PHEE and potato starch were extruded with starch volume fractions of 0.46 and 0.66. Stress relaxation, frequency and strain sweep, and temperature-dependence measurements were carried out. Although small variations in viscosity were seen with the different potato starch fractions, differences were not significant at a volume fraction of 0.46. Viscosity differences between the different particle size fractions were more pronounced at a volume fraction of 0.66. The temperature dependence could be described by an Arrhenius relation, with an apparent activation energy of 84 kJ/mole. At a volume fraction of 0.46, the starch/PHEE viscosities increased in the order potato starch < wheat starch &AP; corn starch < rice starch.
C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA.
   ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA.
RP Willett, JL (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 17
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1566-2543
J9 J POLYM ENVIRON
JI J. Polym. Environ.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 8
IS 3
BP 145
EP 150
DI 10.1023/A:1014829916940
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA 551FE
UT WOS:000175548500006
ER

PT J
AU Wong, DWS
   Batt, SB
   Tibbot, BK
   Robertson, GH
AF Wong, DWS
   Batt, SB
   Tibbot, BK
   Robertson, GH
TI Isolation of a raw starch-binding fragment from barley alpha-amylase
SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE alpha-amylase; barley alpha-amylase; raw starch binding;
   beta-cyclodextrin
ID AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLUCOAMYLASE-I; SWISS-MODEL; ACTIVE-SITE; MALT;
   HYDROLYSIS; PROTEINS; LIGANDS; CRYSTAL
AB Barley alpha -amylase was purified by ammonium sulfate fraction, ion-exchange, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration to homogeneity. The purified enzyme was partially digested with trypsin, and the reaction mixture was applied to a cyclohepta-amylose epoxy Sepharose 6B column. Bound fragments were eluted by free cyclohepta-amylose, lyophilized, and separated on Tricine gels. Four fragments were shown to interact with beta -cyclodextrin. The fragment that could be identified on the gel with the lowest molecular weight (11 kDa) was electroblotted onto PVDF membrane for sequencing. The N-terminal sequence of this fragment was determined with the N-terminal amino acid corresponding to Ala283 in the whole protein. The trypsin cleavage was at Lys282/Ala283 and the C-terminal cleavage occurred at Lys354/Ile355 to give a fragment size of 11 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The fragment would be located at the C-terminal region, forming a majority of the antiparallel beta -sheets in domain C and the alpha (7)- and alpha (8)-helices of the (alpha/beta)(8) domain.
C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
NR 28
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0277-8033
J9 J PROTEIN CHEM
JI J. Protein Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 5
BP 373
EP 377
DI 10.1023/A:1026435430097
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 381DX
UT WOS:000165748000005
PM 11131144
ER

PT J
AU Weltz, L
   Frasier, G
   Weltz, M
AF Weltz, L
   Frasier, G
   Weltz, M
TI Hydrologic responses of shortgrass prairie ecosystems
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE runoff; rainfall simulation; hydrograph; time-to-peak
ID CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION;
   INFILTRATION RATES; VEGETATION; RUNOFF; RAINFALL; SIMULATION; MODEL
AB Runoff hydrographs from 3 separate rainfall simulation runs at 11 different shortgrass prairie sites were evaluated to determine the hydrologic similarity within a single ecosystem at widely separated sites. There were no consistent patterns in the equilibrium runoff among sites and simulator runs. When the sites were stratified by soil type, there were differences in time-to-peak of the runoff event and the regression slope of the rising limb of the runoff ratios. Spearman's rank correlation showed no relation of the rising limb slope regression coefficient to measured vegetative characteristics across all sites. There was minimal correlation between the runoff regression coefficient and the percent cover and bare soil. Differences in the biotic components of the sites were not useful in predicting runoff characteristics. If equilibrium runoff was the measured hydrologic response, the sites were dissimilar. Using the time-to-peak and slope of the rising limb components of the runoff hydrograph, the sites were similar on the same soil type. The technique of comparing components of the runoff hydrograph, other than equilibrium runoff has promise to allow one to quickly compare responses among ecosystems to determine if they have similar hydrological functions. Our study on shortgrass prairie sites indicated that easily estimated factors such as biomass, cover and litter were not good indicators of hydrologic function. Also, it is necessary to identify which portion of the runoff event is most important in the assessment. Future hydrologic and erosion models need to develop nonlinear prediction equations to estimate infiltration rates as a function of cover, biomass, and soil properties and also to stratify soils into functional units to accurately estimate runoff rates.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
RP Weltz, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
NR 27
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 53
IS 4
BP 403
EP 409
DI 10.2307/4003751
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 337DB
UT WOS:000088341200007
ER

PT J
AU Volesky, JD
   Connot, SB
AF Volesky, JD
   Connot, SB
TI Vegetation response to late growing-season wildfire on Nebraska
   Sandhills rangeland
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE burning; species composition; herbage standing crop; soil temperature
ID WEIGHT-RANK METHOD; PRAIRIE
AB This study examined the effects of late growing-season (September) wildfire on the subsequent production and species composition of upland Nebraska Sandhills prairie vegetation. Three paired-plots (burn and control), 0.5 ha in size were established in 1995 on sands range sites on each of 3 replications in west-central Nebraska, Soil temperature data were collected the following growing season and herbage standing crop and species composition data were collected for 3 growing seasons following the burn. During March through May of the 1996 growing season, soil temperature in the burn treatment was an average of 1.6 degrees C higher at both 15 and 30 cm depths compared to the control (P < 0.05). This small increase in spring soil temperature under the burn treatment did not appear to result in earlier growth or to increase herbage standing crop in May. Total herbage standing crop in August averaged 143, 142, and 185 g m(-2) in 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively, and did not differ between the burn treatment and control (P > 0.05). Little bluestem [Schizchyrium scoparium (Michx,) Nash] was the species most adversely affected by burning. Percentage composition by weight of little bluestem in August 1996 averaged 8% under the burn treatment compared to 47% in the control. Other species and species groups, however, were more abundant in burned plots, thus offsetting the lesser amounts of little bluestem, Little bluestem exhibited a marked recovery during the second and third growing seasons after the burn. During the third growing season, percent composition of little bluestem averaged 46% and was not different between treatments (P > 0.05). Forbs were more abundant under the burn treatment compared to the control only during the first growing season following the burn (P < 0.05).
C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA.
   Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Fullerton, NE 68638 USA.
RP Volesky, JD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Rt4,Box 46A, N Platte, NE 69101 USA.
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 53
IS 4
BP 421
EP 426
DI 10.2307/4003754
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 337DB
UT WOS:000088341200010
ER

PT J
AU Jones, TA
   Ralphs, MH
   Gardner, DR
   Chatterton, NJ
AF Jones, TA
   Ralphs, MH
   Gardner, DR
   Chatterton, NJ
TI Cattle prefer endophyte-free robust needlegrass
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Achnatheram robustum; Acremonium; ergonovine; lysergic acid amide;
   narcosis; Neotyphodium; sleepygrass; Stipa robusta
ID ACREMONIUM
AB Robust needlegrass (Achnatherum robustum [Vasey] Barkw Stipa robusta [Vasey] Scribn,) is a high-biomass rangeland species that is adapted to warmer temperatures and matures later than most cool-season grasses. However, it has been associated with negative animal effects including avoidance. We compared populations of Neotyphodium and P-endophyte-infected endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) robust needlegrass for animal preference. Leaf blades were fed to yearling heifers in 3 trials of 8-min cafeteria sessions for 4 to 5 days each. Trial 1 (27-30 May) compared E+, E-, basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus [Scribn, & Merr,] A. Love), and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum [Podp.] Barkw, & D.R. Dewey). Basin wildrye consumption (425 g) did not differ from tall wheatgrass (342 g), but basin wildrye consumption exceeded E- (258 g), which in turn exceeded E+ (117 g) (16 animal-sessions). Basin wildrye was dropped from Trial 2 because its consumption exceeded that of both E- and E+. In Trial 2 (1-5 June), consumption of E-, E+, and tall wheatgrass did not differ, Tall wheatgrass was dropped from Trial 3 to allow direct comparison of E- and E+, In Trial 3 (13-17 July), consumption of E- (585 g) exceeded E+ (145 g) (15 animal-sessions). In Trial 3, animals often rejected E+ forage before tasting. Discrimination against E+ was greater at the end of Trial 3 than at the beginning. The reputation of robust needlegrass for animal avoidance may be more related to its endophyte infection status than to the grass itself. Differences in forage-quality parameters were not Large enough to account for the observed differences in preference. Ergot and loline alkaloids were not found in either E- or E+, therefore they cannot be responsible for the observed avoidance of E+. Non-trace amounts of ergot alkaloids were found only in seed collected in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico and not at other locations in New Mexico, Arizona, or Colorado.
C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
NR 15
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 5
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 53
IS 4
BP 427
EP 431
DI 10.2307/4003755
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 337DB
UT WOS:000088341200011
ER

PT J
AU Hagstrum, DW
AF Hagstrum, DW
TI Using five sampling methods to measure insect distribution and abundance
   in bins storing wheat
SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE insect distribution; sampling; trapping; monitoring; pest management;
   stored wheat
ID FARM-STORED WHEAT; SOUTHERN MANITOBA; COLEOPTERA; INFESTATION;
   TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; HUMIDITY; GRAIN
AB Newly-harvested wheat stored in each of two bins on each of two farms in Kansas during each of 3 years was sampled every 3-4 days at two locations (in the center and midway between the center and bin wall) within each bin. The variation in insect numbers between bins, locations within a bin, farms and years differed with insect species and sampling method. Five sampling methods were used to monitor insect populations in three regions of each bin: (1) in the head space above the grain; (2) on the grain surface; and (3) within the top 50 cm of the grain mass. Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and Ahasverus advena (Waltl) were more evenly distributed among these three regions of a bin than the other species. Typhaea stercorea (L.) were found mainly in the head space and on the grain surface. These distribution patterns were consistent throughout the 126-day storage period. R. dominica (F.) were found in the head space and within the grain mass early in the storage period, and mainly in the grain mass as grain cooled in the autumn. The majority of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (91%) were caught in sticky traps in the head space. Two of the three less abundant species, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), tended to be found most often on the grain surface and the other, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), within the grain mass. The sampling method often influenced the results. Emergence traps captured greater numbers of A. advena than other species. More R. dominica were found in grain samples than in traps in the autumn. Pushing probe traps below the surface of the grain reduced the numbers of T. stercorea, A. advena, S, oryzae and T. castaneum captured. Differences between species and times during the storage period in the effectiveness of different sampling methods need to be considered in making pest management decisions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA.
RP Hagstrum, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA.
NR 20
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-474X
J9 J STORED PROD RES
JI J. Stored Prod. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 3
BP 253
EP 262
DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00047-8
PG 10
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 320ZQ
UT WOS:000087430800005
PM 10758264
ER

PT J
AU Burks, CS
   Dowell, FE
   Xie, F
AF Burks, CS
   Dowell, FE
   Xie, F
TI Measuring fig quality using near-infrared spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE figs; inspection; quality control; near-infrared spectroscopy
ID INTERNAL INSECT INFESTATION; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; WHEAT
AB Sorting of dried figs prior to inspection is labor-intensive and somewhat complex. We examined the potential of using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to automate sorting of dried figs. Calimyrna and Adriatic types were inspected by hand using established criteria. For both varieties, approximately 100 passable figs and 100 figs each for the infested, rotten, sour, and dirty defect categories were examined using NIRS and partial least-squares regression (PLS). Correct classifications for these varieties ranged from 83 to 100%. About twenty PLS factors were used to make the predictions. These results indicate that the use of NIRS to help automate inspection for dried fig processing is feasible. However, the large number of wavelengths needed for prediction, as indicated by PLS beta coefficients, indicates that implementing NIRS in fig sorting may require an instrument capable of reading numerous wavelengths rather than a more economical filter-based instrument. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
   USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Burks, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
OI Burks, Charles/0000-0003-0242-8644
NR 14
TC 15
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-474X
J9 J STORED PROD RES
JI J. Stored Prod. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 3
BP 289
EP 296
DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00050-8
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 320ZQ
UT WOS:000087430800008
PM 10758267
ER

PT J
AU Carriere, CJ
   Inglett, GE
AF Carriere, CJ
   Inglett, GE
TI Effect of processing conditions on the viscoelastic behavior of
   Nu-TrimX: An oat-based beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloidal extractive
SO JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
ID BRAN; AMYLODEXTRINS; LIPIDS; WOMEN; FOODS; MEN
AB This paper examines the effects of processing conditions and starting materials on the viscoelastic behavior of Nu-TrimX (a new beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloid product) suspensions (5% by weight in deionized water). In general, Nu-TrimX suspensions exhibit clockwise thixotropic loops with shear-thinning behavior over the experimental shear rate range (0-250 s(-1)) at 25C. The rheological responses of the various Nu-TrimX suspensions were modeled using a power law constitutive equation. The suspensions behave as pseudoplastic materials with power law exponents ranging from 0.42 to 0.71.
C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Carriere, CJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 21
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA
SN 0022-4901
J9 J TEXTURE STUD
JI J. Texture Stud.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 31
IS 2
BP 123
EP 140
DI 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2000.tb01412.x
PG 18
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 342TL
UT WOS:000088661200001
ER

PT J
AU Keith, N
   Bronson, RT
   Lipman, RD
   Ding, W
   Lamont, L
   Cosmas, AC
   Manfredi, TG
AF Keith, N
   Bronson, RT
   Lipman, RD
   Ding, W
   Lamont, L
   Cosmas, AC
   Manfredi, TG
TI Diet restriction and age alters skeletal muscle capillarity in B6C3F1
   mice
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN AGING ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID FIBER TYPES; RAT; INCREASES; TRANSPORT; SIZE
AB The effects of 40% diet restriction on skeletal muscle fiber area, capillary density (CD) and capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) were compared in 12, 24 and 30-month-old female B6C3F1 female hybrid mice. We hypothesized that diet restriction (DR) would retard the aging effects observed in skeletal muscle, in particular DR would pose opposite effects on skeletal muscle capillarity and fiber area. Samples were prepared for light microscopic examination by standard methods and for morphometric analysis using NIH-image software. There was a significant effect of age on muscle fiber area (p<0.05). The age-associated decrease in fiber area between 12 and 30 months of age was greater (p<0.05) in the ad libitum (AL) (37.7%) animals as compared to the diet restricted (DR) mice (29.2%). Diet had a significant effect on CD (p<0.05) and C/F (p<0.05). This finding suggests that the lower capillarity in the older DR mice may have been due to their larger muscle fibers. The results of this study support the contention that diet restriction delays the progression of age-associated muscle atrophy.
C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
   Univ So Indiana, Bower Suhrheinrich Sch Educ & Human Serv, Evansville, IN 47712 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Connecticut, Sch Allied Hlth Profess, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP Manfredi, TG (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, 25 W Independence Way,Room 110, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER AGING ASSOC
PI MEDIA
PA SALLY BALIN MEDICAL CENTER, 110 CHESLEY DR, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA
SN 0161-9152
J9 J AM AGING ASSOC
JI J. Am. Aging Assoc.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 23
IS 3
BP 141
EP 145
PG 5
WC Geriatrics & Gerontology
SC Geriatrics & Gerontology
GA 370AH
UT WOS:000165099600004
PM 23604854
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, RK
   Kennedy, E
AF Johnson, RK
   Kennedy, E
TI The 2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: What are the changes and why
   were they made?
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ENERGY-INTAKE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FOOD-INTAKE; US
   ADULTS; WOMEN; CHILDREN; HEALTH; DISEASE; OBESE
C1 Coll Agr & Life Sci, Burlington, VT USA.
   Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA.
   USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP Johnson, RK (reprint author), 108 Morrill Hall, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
NR 54
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA
SN 0002-8223
J9 J AM DIET ASSOC
JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 100
IS 7
BP 769
EP 774
DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00225-X
PG 6
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 460MJ
UT WOS:000170311100012
PM 10916513
ER

PT J
AU Barr, SI
   McCarron, DA
   Heaney, RP
   Dawson-Hughes, B
   Berga, SL
   Stern, JS
   Oparil, S
AF Barr, SI
   McCarron, DA
   Heaney, RP
   Dawson-Hughes, B
   Berga, SL
   Stern, JS
   Oparil, S
TI Effects of increased consumption of fluid milk on energy and nutrient
   intake, body weight, and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy older
   adults
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; PROTEIN-REQUIREMENTS;
   POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; LACTOSE-INTOLERANCE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HIP FRACTURE;
   DIETARY; BONE; NUTRITION
AB Objective To assess the impact of increased consumption of milk, without other dietary advice, on older adults' energy and nutrient intakes, weight, cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, plasma lipid levels), and quality of life.
   Subjects/setting Two hundred four healthy men and women, aged 55 to 85 years, who consumed fewer than 1.5 dairy servings per day were chosen from six US academic health centers.
   Design Randomized, controlled open trial.
   Intervention Advice to increase skim or 1% milk intake by 3 cups per day (n = 101) or to maintain usual diet (n = 103) for 12 weeks after a 4-week baseline period.
   Main outcome measures Changes in energy and nutrient intake assessed from 3-day food records, body weight, blood pressure, and plasma lipid levels.
   Statistical analyses performed Group-by-time analysis of variance with repeat ed-measures, chi (2) test.
   Results Compliance with the intervention was good. Compared with controls, participants in the milk-supplemented group significantly increased energy, protein, cholesterol, vitamins A, D, and B-12, riboflavin, pantothenate, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and potassium intakes. Prevalence of nutrient inadequacy, assessed for nutrients with Estimated Average Requirements, decreased among women in the milk group for magnesium (40% at baseline vs 13% at 12 weeks, P < .001) and vitamin B-12 (6% vs 0%, P < .05) and tended to decrease (P < .10) for protein and thiamin (women) and magnesium and vitamin B-6 (men). The milk group gained 0.6 kg more than control group (P < .01); however, weight gain was less than predicted, which suggests some compensation for the added energy from milk. Blood pressure decreased similarly over time in both groups. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were unchanged. Triglyceride levels increased within the normal range in the milk group (P = .002). Quality of life scores were high at baseline and remained high throughout.
   Applications/conclusions Older adults can successfully increase milk intake, thereby meaningfully improving their nutrient intakes. Dietitians can play a key role in disseminating this advice.
C1 Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
   Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA.
   Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA.
RP Barr, SI (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, 2205 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
NR 34
TC 122
Z9 126
U1 3
U2 18
PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA
SN 0002-8223
J9 J AM DIET ASSOC
JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 100
IS 7
BP 810
EP 817
DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00236-4
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 460MJ
UT WOS:000170311100022
PM 10916520
ER

PT J
AU Liu, CK
   DiMaio, G
AF Liu, CK
   DiMaio, G
TI Tear resistance of leather characterized by acoustic emission
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB In our continuing investigation of the applications of acoustic emission technology to leather manufacture, we present in this report recent results on evaluating the possibility of using the acoustic emission technique to gain insights into reasons of tear failure. In a tear test, chrome-tanned leather samples were attached with an acoustic sensor to collect various acoustic quantities. Data showed that the samples stronger in tear strength gave a significantly lower acoustic count. In contrast, the samples with poor tear strength generated much more frequent sound waves, i.e., more acoustic counts. This is contrary to results from tensile tests, where the higher strength leather always produces more acoustic counts. Observations also showed that harsh drying conditions or thin cerium can lead to a brittle structure, which consequently yields poor tear resistance. In an acoustic emission test, this can be reflected by high acoustic counts because of frequent fiber breaking and friction associated with the brittle structure.
C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 9
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN
PI CINCINNATI
PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA
SN 0002-9726
J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS
JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 95
IS 5
BP 170
EP 178
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 332QA
UT WOS:000088083900002
ER

PT J
AU Hamada, JS
AF Hamada, JS
TI Ultrafiltration of partially hydrolyzed rice bran protein to recover
   value-added products
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 88th Annual Meeting of American-Oil-Chemists-Society
CY MAY, 1997
CL SEATTLE, WA
SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc
DE disulfide bond-breaking agent; functional inositol phosphates; heat
   stabilization of rice bran; protein hydrolysis; protein recovery and
   purification; rice bran; rice bran proteins; ultrafiltration;
   value-added components from rice bran
ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; SOY PROTEINS; SOLUBILIZATION
AB Rice brans were treated with a protease together with a disulfide bond-breaking agent (Na2SO3) to achieve a 2-4% peptide bond hydrolysis (DH). Ultrafiltration (UF) with 3 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membrane led to substantial loss of feed protein due to permeation. Using 1 kDa MWCO membrane increased protein yields, but it was not effective in purifying the protein hydrolysates despite the increase in membrane area and operating time. The efficiency of this UF process can be improved using a larger MWCO membrane (e.g., 2 kDa MWCO), which may facilitate complete removal of phytate. Based on disparity of molecular sizes, use of phytase may also increase purity of protein retentates and allow the recovery of functional inositol phosphates in permeates. The presence of Na2SO3 during proteolysis to 2% DH of preheated bran (100 degrees C, 10 min) repaired the damage caused by preheat treatment by increasing protein recovery but increased the concentration of small peptides in hydrolysates, i.e., <1 kDa, particularly for highly aggregated proteins. Heat treatment is necessary to stabilize rice bran, but the sulfite treatment may be avoided to increase UF yield and purity of protein retentates and allow higher DH values for hydrolysis of stabilized brans. Accordingly, this UF process can be an efficient method for recovering high-value components from rice bran, an underutilized rice milling co-product, for many industrial applications.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
RP ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19867, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
EM jhamada@nola.srrc.usda.gov
NR 22
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0003-021X
EI 1558-9331
J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 77
IS 7
BP 779
EP 784
DI 10.1007/s11746-000-0124-3
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 337YJ
UT WOS:000088390800014
ER

PT J
AU Miklas, PN
   Delorme, R
   Stone, V
   Daly, MJ
   Stavely, JR
   Steadman, JR
   Bassett, MJ
   Beaver, JS
AF Miklas, PN
   Delorme, R
   Stone, V
   Daly, MJ
   Stavely, JR
   Steadman, JR
   Bassett, MJ
   Beaver, JS
TI Bacterial, fungal, and viral disease resistance loci mapped in a
   recombinant inbred common bean population ('Dorado'/XAN 176)
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID INTEGRATED LINKAGE MAP; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS;
   RAPD MARKERS; ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE; UROMYCES-PHASEOLI; I-GENE; BLIGHT;
   IDENTIFICATION; MAIZE
AB Understanding the genomic associations among disease resistance loci will facilitate breeding of multiple disease resistant cultivars, We constructed a genetic Linkage map in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L,) containing six genes and nine quantitative trait loci (QTL) comprising resistance to one bacterial, three fungal, and two viral pathogens of bean,bean, The mapping population consisted of 79 F-5:7 recombinant inbred Lines (RILs) derived from a 'Dorado'/XAN 176 hybridization, There were 147 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, two sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, one intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker, two seedcoat color genes R and V, the Asp gene conditioning seed brilliance, and two rust [Uromyces appendiculatus var, appendiculatus (Pers,:Pers) Unger] resistance genes: one conditioning resistance to Races 53 and 53 and the other conditioning resistance to Race 108, These markers mapped across eleven Linkage groups, one linked triad, and seven linked pairs for an overall map length of 930 cM (Kosambi). Genes conditioning resistance to anthracnose (Co-2) [Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc, and Magnus) Lams.-Scrib.], bean rust (Ur-5). and bean common mosaic virus (I and bc-3) (BCR IV) did not segregate in this population, but were mapped by inference using linked RAPD and SCAR markers identified in other populations. Nine previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning resistance to a variety of pathogens including common bacterial blight [Xanthomonas campestris pv,phaseoli (Smith) Dye], ashy stem blight [Macrophornina phaseolina (Tassi) Gold,], and bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), were located across four linkage groups. Linkage among QTL for resistance to ashy stem blight, BGMV, and common bacterial blight on linkage group B7 and ashy stem blight, BGMV, and rust resistance loci on B4 will complicate breeding for combined resistance to all four pathogens in this population.
C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA.
   Whitehead Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA.
   USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
   Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA.
NR 43
TC 61
Z9 65
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0003-1062
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 125
IS 4
BP 476
EP 481
PG 6
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 333UX
UT WOS:000088150100013
ER

PT J
AU Farnham, MW
   Stephenson, KK
   Fahey, JW
AF Farnham, MW
   Stephenson, KK
   Fahey, JW
TI Capacity of broccoli to induce a mammalian chemoprotective enzyme varies
   among inbred lines
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE doubled haploids; glucoraphanin; sulforaphane; nutrition;
   glucosinolates; isothiocyanates; Brassica oleracea; Italica Group
ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS; CANCER
   PREVENTION; VEGETABLES; PROTECTION; FRUIT; GLUCOSINOLATE; CARCINOGENS;
   REDUCTASE
AB Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L,, Italica Group) has been recognized as a source of glucosinolates and their isothiocyanate metabolites that may be chemoprotective against human cancer. A predominant glucosinolate of broccoli is glucoraphanin and its cognate isothiocyanate is sulforaphane, Sulforaphane has been shown to be a potent inducer of mammalian detoxication (Phase 2) enzyme activity and to inhibit chemical-induced tumorigenesis in animal models. Little is known about phenotypic variation in broccoli germplasm for Phase 2 enzyme (e.g., quinone reductase) induction potential. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate: 1) quinone reductase induction potential (QRIP) diversity among a population of broccoli inbreds; 2) QRIP levels in selected lines; 3) correlation of QRIP with other horticultural characteristics; and 4) QRIP expression in a sample of synthesized hybrids. In 1996, 71 inbreds and five hybrid checks tall field-grown), ranged from a QRIP of nearly zero to 150,000 units/g fresh weight (FW) (mean of 34,020 units/g FW). These values were highly correlated with methylsulphinylalkyl glucosinolate (MSAG; primarily glucoraphanin) concentrations that ranged from 0.04 to 2.94 mu mol.g(-1) FW, A select subset of Lines evaluated in 1996 were reevaluated in 1997, QRIP and MSAG values in this second gear were similar to and correlated with those observed in 1996 (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.79, P < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, both QRIP and MSAG concentration were highly correlated with days from transplant to harvest. Average F-1 hybrid values for QRIP and MSAG in 1997 fell typically between their parental means, but were often closer to the mean of the low parent. Results of this study indicate that divergent QRIP expression can effectively be used to select enhanced inbred Lines to use in development of value-added hybrids. Evidence is also provided that there is a significant genetic component to both QRIP and MSAG concentration, and that selection for either one may provide an effective means for developing broccoli hybrids with enhanced chemoprotective attributes. Chemical names used: 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) and 4-methylsulphinylbutyl isothiocyanate (sulforaphane).
C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Brassica Chemoprotect Lab, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Hwy, Charleston, SC 29414 USA.
RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012
NR 38
TC 35
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA
SN 0003-1062
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 125
IS 4
BP 482
EP 488
PG 7
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 333UX
UT WOS:000088150100014
ER

PT J
AU Ju, ZG
   Bramlage, WJ
AF Ju, ZG
   Bramlage, WJ
TI Cuticular phenolics and scald development in 'delicious' apples
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE antioxidants; ethylene; alpha-farnesene; fruit cuticle; Malus sylvestris
   var. domestica
ID REDUCE SUPERFICIAL SCALD; GRANNY-SMITH APPLES; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL
   DISORDER; ALPHA-FARNESENE; ANTIOXIDANTS; STORAGE; PEEL; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   OXIDATION
AB influences of fruit maturity, AVG and ethephon preharvest treatments, and storage conditions on cuticular phenolic concentration, alpha-farnesene accumulation and oxidation, and scald development of 'Delicious' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] were studied. Advanced maturity and ethephon treatment increased free phenolics in fruit cuticle at harvest, while AVG treatment caused a reduction. Free cuticular phenolics increased during early storage in ethtphon-treated and nontreated fruit but not in AVG-treated apples. Advanced maturity and ethephon did not alter alpha-farnesene accumulation overall, but reduced conjugated triene (CT281) formation and scald development. When stored in a low-ethylene room (<1 mu L.L-1), AVG-treated fruit accumulated very low levels of alpha-farnesene and CT281 and did not develop scald after 6 months at 0 degrees C. When stored in a commercial room (ambient ethylene >5 mu L.L-1), the AVG-treated and control fruit accumulated similar amounts of alpha-farnesene and CT281 and developed similar percentages of scald. In general, free phenolic concentrations in fruit cuticle were negatively correlated with CT281 formation and scald development of apples. Chemical names used: aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG); 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Ju, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA.
NR 35
TC 13
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA
SN 0003-1062
EI 2327-9788
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 125
IS 4
BP 498
EP 504
PG 7
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 333UX
UT WOS:000088150100016
ER

PT J
AU Kubota, S
   Yamato, T
   Hisamatsu, T
   Esaki, S
   Oi, R
   Roh, MS
   Koshioka, M
AF Kubota, S
   Yamato, T
   Hisamatsu, T
   Esaki, S
   Oi, R
   Roh, MS
   Koshioka, M
TI Effects of red- and far-red-rich spectral treatments and diurnal
   temperature alternation on the growth and development of Petunia
SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE DIF; flowering; light quality; morphological changes
ID MORPHOLOGY; LOLIUM; LIGHT; STAGE
AB The effects of Red- and Far-red-rich spectral (R- and FR-rich) treatments on the growth, development, and morphological changes of Petunia were investigated under diurnal temperature alternations (DIF). The light spectrum treatments were created by using plastic films containing photo-selective dye compounds. The R-rich treatment inhibited elongation of the main stem compared to the control and the FR-rich treatments. Positive DIF (high day / low night temperatures, P-DIF) promoted the main stern elongation, whereas negative DIF (low day / high night temperatures, N-DIF) inhibited it and flowering compared to the control. Inhibition of the main stem elongation by the R-rich treatment under P-DIF and zero DIF (0-DIF) was comparable to N-DIF; however, flowering was not delayed by the R-rich treatment. The R-rich treatment under P-DIF further improved plant morphology by increasing the size and number of lateral shoots, growth of lateral shoots, and the number of flowers on these lateral shoots. Therefore, by creating a R-rich environment with a photo- selective plastic film, one can produce compact Petunia plants, i.e., a short, main stem but more lateral shoots without interrupting the flowering process.
C1 Natl Res Inst Vegetables Ornamental Plants & Tea, Age, Mie 5142392, Japan.
   Mitsui Chem Inc, Cent Res Inst, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2478567, Japan.
   USDA ARS, Floral Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Koshioka, M (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Vegetables Ornamental Plants & Tea, 360 Kusawa, Age, Mie 5142392, Japan.
NR 18
TC 18
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 2
PU JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI
PI KYOTO
PA C/O NAKANISHI PRINTING SHIMODACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI, KAMIGYO-KU, KYOTO,
   602-8048, JAPAN
SN 1882-3351
EI 1880-358X
J9 J JPN SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 69
IS 4
BP 403
EP 409
PG 7
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZJ
UT WOS:000088216500004
ER

PT J
AU Roulston, TH
   Cane, JH
AF Roulston, TH
   Cane, JH
TI The effect of diet breadth and nesting ecology on body size variation in
   bees (Apiformes)
SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA HYMENOPTERA; HALICTUS-LIGATUS HYMENOPTERA; DAWSON
   BURROWING BEE; SEX-RATIO; SOLITARY BEE; ANTHIDIUM-MANICATUM; DEVELOPMENT
   TIME; FEMALE SIZE; SWEAT BEE; MEGACHILIDAE
AB Body size in animals influences survival, fecundity, and mating opportunity. For bees, parental provisioning behavior largely controls offspring body size. Because larger offspring of many bee species have fitness advantages, selection on body size should act through selection on parental provisioning behavior and restrict body size variation of each species. Many bet species show great variability in body size, however, which may indicate that adult females are often constrained in their ability to consistently produce large offspring. We compared body size variation within bee species for two life history traits that could influence offspring body size: dietary breadth (specialist or generalist) and nesting habit (ground-nesting or cavity-nesting). We determined the head width (a reliable correlate of body size) of 2276 bees belonging to 31 bee species from five families and calculated the body size variation fur each species. Body size variation, measured as the coefficient of variation in head size, did not differ between pollen specialists (oligoleges) and pollen generalists (polyleges) across 13 pairs of closely-related, sympatric bee species of similar body size. Cavity-nesting species showed significantly greater variation in body size than ground-nesting species, which suggests that the choice of nest cavities utilized may be a more important predictor of offspring body size than parental body size. The cleptoparasite Coelioxys sayi had similar body size variation to one of its hosts, Megachile brevis. The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, showed the least body size variation of any species measured.
C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
NR 70
TC 31
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 20
PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-8567
J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC
JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 73
IS 3
BP 129
EP 142
PG 14
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 434UT
UT WOS:000168834800001
ER

PT J
AU Deighton, N
   Brennan, R
   Finn, C
   Davies, HV
AF Deighton, N
   Brennan, R
   Finn, C
   Davies, HV
TI Antioxidant properties of domesticated and wild Rubus species
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Rubus; antioxidants; phenolics; anthocyanins; free radicals
ID FLAVONOIDS; CAPACITY; ANTHOCYANINS; FRUITS
AB The antioxidative capacities of a number of Rubus species of varied pigmentation have been investigated. In addition, total phenol, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents have been determined. Two methods to assess the antioxidant potential of fruit juices have been used. The antioxidant capacities of the fruit ranged from 0 to 25.3 mu mol Trolox equivalents g(-1) (TEAC) or from 190 to 66 000 mu mol l(-1) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Ascorbic acid contributes only minimally to the antioxidant potential of Rubus juices (<10%, TEAC). There are apparent linear relationships between antioxidant capacity (assessed as both TEAC and FRAP) and total phenols (r(xy) = 0.6713 and 0.9646 respectively). Also, anthocyanin content has a minor influence on antioxidant capacity (r(xy) = 0.3774, TEAC; r(xy) = 0.5883, FRAP). The sample with the highest antioxidant capacity (Rubus caucasicus) had the highest phenol content, but only a low percentage was represented by anthocyanins. The present study demonstrates the potential of certain wild Rubus species, notably R caucasicus, for improvement of nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programmes. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.
C1 Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland.
   ARS, USDA, NW Ctr Small Fruits Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.
RP Deighton, N (reprint author), Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland.
NR 28
TC 252
Z9 265
U1 3
U2 20
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 80
IS 9
BP 1307
EP 1313
DI 10.1002/1097-0010(200007)80:9<1307::AID-JSFA638>3.0.CO;2-P
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 329FK
UT WOS:000087896100003
ER

PT J
AU O'Connor, PJ
   Covich, AP
   Scatena, FN
   Loope, LL
AF O'Connor, PJ
   Covich, AP
   Scatena, FN
   Loope, LL
TI Non-indigenous bamboo along headwater streams of the Luquillo Mountains,
   Puerto Rico: leaf fall, aquatic leaf decay and patterns of invasion
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bamboo; Bambusa spp.; biological invasion; leaf decay; leaf fall;
   non-indigenous; Puerto Rico; riparian; Syzygium jambos; tropical
   headwater streams
ID MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LITTER DYNAMICS; HURRICANE HUGO;
   RIPARIAN VEGETATION; MATTER DYNAMICS; SUBTROPICAL WET; NET PRODUCTION;
   FOREST STREAM; RAIN-FORESTS; DRY TROPICS
AB The introduction of bamboo to montane rain forests of the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico in the 1930s and 1940s has led to present-day bamboo monocultures in numerous riparian areas. When a non-native species invades a riparian ecosystem, in-stream detritivores can be affected. Bamboo dynamics expected to influence stream communities in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) were examined. Based on current distributions, bamboo has spread downstream at a rate of 8 m y(-1). Mean growth rate of bamboo culms was 15.3 cm d(-1) Leaf fall from bamboo stands exceeded that of native mixed-species forest by c. 30% over a 10-mo study. Bamboo leaves (k = -0.021), and leaves from another abundant riparian exotic, Syzygium jambos (Myrtaceae) (k = -0.018), decayed at relatively slow rates when submerged in streams in fine-mesh bags which excluded macro-invertebrate leaf processors. In a second study, with leaf processors present, bamboo decay rates remained unchanged (k = -0.021), while decay rates of S. jambos increased (k = -0.037). Elemental losses from bamboo leaves in streams were rapid, further suggesting a change in riparian zone / stream dynamics following bamboo invasion. As non-indigenous bamboos spread along Puerto Rico streams, they are likely to alter aquatic communities dependent on leaf input.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   USDA, Forest Serv, IITF, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA.
   USGS, Biol Resources Div, Haleakala Field Stn, Makawao, HI 96768 USA.
RP O'Connor, PJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Amer Samoa, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA.
NR 54
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 7
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0266-4674
J9 J TROP ECOL
JI J. Trop. Ecol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 16
BP 499
EP 516
DI 10.1017/S0266467400001541
PN 4
PG 18
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 349KB
UT WOS:000089043300002
ER

PT J
AU Fitzgerald, SD
   Kaneene, JB
   Butler, KL
   Clarke, KR
   Fierke, JS
   Schmitt, SM
   Bruning-Fann, CS
   Mitchell, RR
   Berry, DE
   Payeur, JB
AF Fitzgerald, SD
   Kaneene, JB
   Butler, KL
   Clarke, KR
   Fierke, JS
   Schmitt, SM
   Bruning-Fann, CS
   Mitchell, RR
   Berry, DE
   Payeur, JB
TI Comparison of postmortem techniques for the detection of Mycobacterium
   bovis in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Article
ID ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; CAPTIVE HERD; SIKA-DEER;
   DAMA-DAMA; CATTLE; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; LESIONS; GROSS
AB A retrospective study of various diagnostic postmortem techniques used in a 4-year surveillance program for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was conducted. The tests evaluated were routine histopathology, acid-fast staining, detection of acid-fast bacilli in culture, and an M. tuberculosis group-specific genetic probe applied to pure cultures. Each of these techniques were compared with a reference or "gold standard" of mycobacterial culture and identification. Histopathology, the most rapid form of testing for M. bovis infection in white-tailed deer samples, had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 87%, resulting in a positive predictive value of 94%. The detection of acid-fast bacilli by staining was less sensitive than histopathology (90%), but its higher specificity (97%) resulted in a positive predictive value of 99%. The detection of acid-fast bacilli on culture was both highly specific (93%) and sensitive (100%). The group-specific genetic probe had the highest sensitivity and specificity and produced results in complete agreement with those of mycobacterial culture, suggesting that this technique could be used as the new "gold standard" for this particular wildlife tuberculosis surveillance program.
C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Rose Lake Wildlife Res Stn, Wildlife Dis Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
   USDA, Vet Serv, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
   Michigan Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48909 USA.
   USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Fitzgerald, SD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
NR 16
TC 34
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI TURLOCK
PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 12
IS 4
BP 322
EP 327
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 331FN
UT WOS:000088007800004
PM 10907860
ER

PT J
AU Sorden, SD
   Woods, LW
   Lehmkuhl, HD
AF Sorden, SD
   Woods, LW
   Lehmkuhl, HD
TI Fatal pulmonary edema in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
   associated with adenovirus infection
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE
AB Sporadic sudden deaths in adult white-tailed deer occurred from November 1997 through August 1998 on an Iowa game farm. Three of the 4 deer necropsied had severe pulmonary edema, widespread mild lymphocytic vasculitis, and amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in scattered endothelial cells in blood vessels in the lung and abdominal viscera. Immunohistochemistry with bovine adenovirus 5 antisera and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated adenoviral antigen and nucleocapsids, respectively, within endothelial cells. Adenovirus was isolated in cell culture from 1 of the affected deer. The isolate was neutralized by California black-tailed deer adenovirus antiserum. These findings indicate that adenovirus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of both black-tailed and white-tailed deer with pulmonary edema and/or hemorrhagic enteropathy.
C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Sorden, SD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NR 6
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI TURLOCK
PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 12
IS 4
BP 378
EP 380
PG 3
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 331FN
UT WOS:000088007800016
PM 10907872
ER

PT J
AU Albiach-Marti, MR
   Guerri, J
   Cambra, M
   Garnsey, SM
   Moreno, P
AF Albiach-Marti, MR
   Guerri, J
   Cambra, M
   Garnsey, SM
   Moreno, P
TI Differentiation of citrus tristeza virus isolates by serological
   analysis of p25 coat protein peptide maps
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE protein purification; coat protein; peptide maps; monoclonal antibodies;
   immunoblots; citrus tristeza virus
ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; APHID TRANSMISSION; CAPSID PROTEIN; SEQUENCE;
   STRAINS; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; MOVEMENT; EPITOPE; GENOME
AB A procedure was developed to purify rapidly and easily a sufficient quantity of native p25 coat protein (CP) to allow comparison of five isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) by serological analysis of peptide maps, using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. CTV particles were concentrated by centrifugation and purified by agarose gel electrophoresis. The CP was extracted from gel slices riched in virions and protein yields were about three times greater than those obtained previously and of comparable purity. The purified CP was partially digested with either V8 or papain endo-protease, and the peptides generated were separated and electroblotted to a membrane. Protein blots were tested with four monoclonal antibodies and one source of polyclonal antibodies. The serological maps generated by papain allowed differentiation of all the isolates examined, and those generated by V8 endoprotease allowed discrimination of four of the five isolates tested. Some of these isolates had been indistinguishable based on their reactivity in DASI-ELISA, dsRNA pattern and biological characterization. Serological analysis of peptide maps, as described below, allowed accurate comparison of CTV isolates with minimum amounts of p25 CP and proved superior to other techniques for discriminating CTV isolates. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Valencia 46113, Spain.
   USDA ARS, Orlando, FL 32803 USA.
RP Albiach-Marti, MR (reprint author), Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Apartado Oficial, Valencia 46113, Spain.
RI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/O-6367-2014
OI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/0000-0003-2170-9521
NR 32
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-0934
J9 J VIROL METHODS
JI J. Virol. Methods
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 88
IS 1
BP 25
EP 34
DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(00)00165-8
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Virology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Virology
GA 333TW
UT WOS:000088147700004
PM 10921839
ER

PT J
AU Koci, MD
   Seal, BS
   Schultz-Cherry, S
AF Koci, MD
   Seal, BS
   Schultz-Cherry, S
TI Molecular characterization of an avian astrovirus
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STRAND RNA VIRUSES; DIARRHEA; PARTICLES; FECES; SEQUENCE;
   GASTROENTERITIS; DISEASE; LAMBS
AB Astroviruses are known to cause enteric disease in several animal species, including turkeys. However, only human astroviruses have been well characterized at the nucleotide level. Herein we report the nucleotide sequence, genomic organization, and predicted amino acid sequence of a turkey astrovirus isolated from poults with an emerging enteric disease.
C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
RP Schultz-Cherry, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
OI Koci, Matthew/0000-0002-5766-4049
NR 40
TC 87
Z9 92
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 74
IS 13
BP 6173
EP 6177
DI 10.1128/JVI.74.13.6173-6177.2000
PG 5
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 322GH
UT WOS:000087501500051
PM 10846102
ER

PT J
AU Cauthen, AN
   Swayne, DE
   Schultz-Cherry, S
   Perdue, ML
   Suarez, DL
AF Cauthen, AN
   Swayne, DE
   Schultz-Cherry, S
   Perdue, ML
   Suarez, DL
TI Continued circulation in China of highly pathogenic avian influenza
   viruses encoding the hemagglutinin gene associated with the 1997 H5N1
   outbreak in poultry and humans
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; HONG-KONG; A VIRUSES; MOUSE MODEL; INFECTION;
   CHICKENS; NEURAMINIDASE; MICE; CONJUNCTIVITIS; FEATURES
AB Since the outbreak in humans of an H5N1 avian influenza virus in Hong Kong in 1997, poultry entering the live-bird markets of Hong Kong have been closely monitored for infection with avian influenza. In March 1999, this monitoring system detected geese that were serologically positive for H5N1 avian influenza virus, but the birds were marketed before they could be sampled for virus. However, viral isolates were obtained by swabbing the cages that housed the geese. These samples, known collectively as A/Environment/Hong Kong/437/99 (A/Env/HK/437/99), contained four viral isolates, which were compared to the 1997 H5N1 Hong Kong isolates. Analysis of A/Env/HK/437/99 viruses revealed that the four isolates are nearly identical genetically and are most closely related to A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96. These isolates and the 1997 H5N1 Hong Kong viruses encode common hemagglutinin (H5) genes that have identical hemagglutinin cleavage sites. Thus, the pathogenicity of the A/Env/HK/437/99 viruses was compared in chickens and in mice to evaluate the potential for disease outbreaks in poultry and humans. The A/Env/HK/437/99 isolates were highly pathogenic in chickens but caused a longer mean death time and had altered cell tropism compared to A/Hong Kong/156/97 (A/HK/156/97). Like A/HK/156/97, the A/Env/HK/437/99 viruses replicated in mice and remained localized to the respiratory tract. However, the A/Env/HK/437/99 isolates caused only mild pathological lesions in these tissues and no clinical signs of disease or death. As a measure of the immune response to these viruses, transforming growth factor beta levels were determined in the serum of infected mice and showed elevated levels for the A/Env/HK/437/99 viruses compared to the A/HK/156/97 viruses. This study is the first to characterize the A/Env/HK/437/99 viruses in both avian and mammalian species, evaluating the H5 gene from the 1997 Hong Kong H5N1 isolates in a different genetic background. Our findings reveal that at least one of the avian influenza virus genes encoded by the 1997 H5N1 Hong Kong viruses continues to circulate in mainland China and that this gene is important for pathogenesis in chickens but is not the sole determinant of pathogenicity in mice. There is evidence that H9N2 viruses, which have internal genes in common with the 1997 H5N1 Hong Kong isolates, are still circulating in Hong Kong and China as well, providing a heterogeneous gene pool for viral reassortment. The implications of these findings for the potential for human disease are discussed.
C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 44
TC 117
Z9 132
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 74
IS 14
BP 6592
EP 6599
DI 10.1128/JVI.74.14.6592-6599.2000
PG 8
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 327WU
UT WOS:000087817900042
PM 10864673
ER

PT J
AU Kreeger, TJ
   Miller, MW
   Wild, MA
   Elzer, PH
   Olsen, SC
AF Kreeger, TJ
   Miller, MW
   Wild, MA
   Elzer, PH
   Olsen, SC
TI Safety and efficacy of Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine in captive
   pregnant elk
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE abortion; Brucella abortus; Cervus elaphus; dot-blot assay; elk; strain
   RB51; vaccination
ID SEROLOGIC RESPONSES; CATTLE; BISON
AB Brucella abortus strain RB51 is a laboratory-derived rough mutant of virulent B. abortus strain 2308 used as a vaccine because it induces antibodies that do not react on standard brucellosis serologic tests. Strain RB51 vaccine was evaluated in pregnant captive elk (Cervus elaphus) to determine (1) if it induced abortion and (2) if it protected against abortion following subsequent challenge. The time period of this study (February-June, 1998) was similar to field conditions where elk are vaccinated and possibly exposed to B. abortus. Fourteen elk were randomly and equally divided into vaccinated and control groups. The vaccinated group was vaccinated intramuscularly with 1.03 x 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of strain RB51 and seroconverted postvaccination. Antibodies to strain RB51 were detected by a modification of an existing dot-blot assay. Both groups were challenged 40 days postvaccination with 9.8 x 10(6) CFU of B. abortus strain 2308 administered intraconjunctivally. The first abortion occurred 38 days post-challenge. Abortion occurred in all control elk and in five of seven vaccinated elk 5 to 12 wk postchallenge (P = 0.23). Mixed strain RB51 and 2308 infections were present in fetuses and vaginas from the vaccinated group whereas only strain 2308 was cultured from control group fetuses and vaginal swabs. Further evaluation of strain RB51 will be necessary to determine if it will be safe and efficacious in free-ranging pregnant elk.
C1 Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Wheatland, WY 82201 USA.
   Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   ARS, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Kreeger, TJ (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, 2362 Highway 34, Wheatland, WY 82201 USA.
NR 23
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 3
BP 477
EP 483
PG 7
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 340XA
UT WOS:000088560500008
PM 10941732
ER

PT J
AU Van Bonn, W
   Jensen, ED
   House, C
   House, JA
   Burrage, T
   Gregg, DA
AF Van Bonn, W
   Jensen, ED
   House, C
   House, JA
   Burrage, T
   Gregg, DA
TI Epizootic vesicular disease in captive California sea lions
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE calicivirus; epizootic; sea lion; San Miguel sea lion virus; vesicular
   disease; Zalophus californianus
ID CALICIVIRUSES
AB An epizootic of vesicular disease occurred in a group of semi-domesticated California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) during the months of April and May 1997. Ten castrated mature male sea lions, ages 12 to 19 yr, were housed in three adjacent open-ocean net enclosures in San Diego Bay (California, USA). Four animals (40%) developed oral and extremity vesicles, anorexia, and were reluctant to perform learned behaviors. One animal developed vesicles but maintained a normal appetite and behavior. The remaining animals showed no clinical signs of infection. Virus (designated FADDL 7005) was isolated from four of the five animals that developed vesicles. Serum antibody titers to FADDL 7005, a previously untyped calicivirus, were demonstrated in animals that showed any combination of clinical signs and in two animals that did not show any clinical signs. No virus was isolated from five fecal samples collected from four of the group animals. Clinical signs lasted 4 to 20 days in affected animals. All affected animals recovered from infection. An experimental swine was inoculated with FADDL 7005 and developed vesicular disease, which was transmitted to another experimental swine upon contact. It is proposed that FADDL 7005 is a new San Miguel sea lion virus.
C1 Upstream Associates, San Diego, CA 92166 USA.
   US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Plum Isl, NY 11957 USA.
RP Van Bonn, W (reprint author), Upstream Associates, POB 60680, San Diego, CA 92166 USA.
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 3
BP 500
EP 507
PG 8
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 340XA
UT WOS:000088560500012
PM 10941736
ER

PT J
AU Forbes, LB
   Nielsen, O
   Measures, L
   Ewalt, DR
AF Forbes, LB
   Nielsen, O
   Measures, L
   Ewalt, DR
TI Brucellosis in ringed seals and harp seals from Canada
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Brucella sp.; brucellosis; Canada; harp seal; marine mammals; Phoca
   groenlandica; Phoca hispida; ringed seal
ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SPECIES INFECTION; EXPOSURE; DOLPHINS; MAMMALS
AB A novel Brucella sp, was isolated from lymph nodes of four ringed seals (Phoca hispida) collected near Pangnirtung (Baffin Island, Canada) in January and February 1995 and in one harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) collected near the Magdalen Islands (Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada) in March 1996. Bacteriological characteristics were the same for all five isolates. The colonies were typical of Brucella spp., but took 2 to 5 days longer than the traditional species to appear on primary isolation media. Biotyping results did not match any of the known biovars of Brucella, but were similar to isolates of the genus Brucella previously reported from marine mammals inhabiting other areas of the northern hemisphere. This is the first confirmed report of brucellosis in marine mammals from Canada, and the first report of this organism in ringed and harp seals.
C1 Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Anim Parasitol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada.
   Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cent & Arctic Reg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
   Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mt Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada.
   Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Forbes, LB (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Anim Parasitol, 116 Vet Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada.
NR 15
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 8
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 3
BP 595
EP 598
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 340XA
UT WOS:000088560500030
PM 10941754
ER

PT J
AU Rowland, MM
   Wisdom, MJ
   Johnson, BK
   Kie, JG
AF Rowland, MM
   Wisdom, MJ
   Johnson, BK
   Kie, JG
TI Elk distribution and modeling in relation to roads
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Cervus elaphus; disturbance; elk; forest management; habitat
   effectiveness models; Oregon; radiotelemetry; roads; road density;
   Starkey Project
ID HABITAT USE; ROOSEVELT ELK; FOREST; SELECTION; IDAHO
AB We tested performance of 3 aspects of an elk (Cervus elaphus)-road density model that has been used extensively throughout western North America but has not been sufficiently validated. First, we tested the hypothesis that elk selection of habitats increases with; increasing distance away from open roads. This forms the empirical basis for the model. Second, we compared the model's predictions of relative elk habitat selection, or habitat effectiveness (HE), with observed values at varying levels of road density. And third, we examined the potentially confounding effects of different spatial patterns of roads on model predictions. We conducted our study during spring and summer, 1993-95, at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range (Starkey). northeast Oregon. Selection ratios were calculated using >100,000 recorded, locations of 89 radio-collared female elk, with locations mapped in relation to 0.1-km-wide distance bands away from open roads. Selection ratios increased with increasing distance from open roads, and varied between seasons, but not among years or individual animals. Linear regression models, using distance to open roads as a predictor, accounted for significant variation in selection ratios during spring and summer. Model predictions of HE, as measured by number of elk locations, corresponded only weakly, however, with observed values of HE. The contradictory results of these 2 analyses may be explained in part by our simulation results. which showed that potential reductions in elk HE vary strongly with the spatial pattern of roads, which is not measured by the elk-road density model. Our results suggest that (1) management of roads and related human activities during spring and summer should remain an important consideration for modeling and managing the elk resource; and (2) a spatially explicit road component is needed for elk habitat models.
C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
   Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
RP Rowland, MM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
EM mrowland@eou.edu
NR 55
TC 86
Z9 89
U1 2
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 3
BP 672
EP 684
DI 10.2307/3802737
PG 13
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 333WL
UT WOS:000088153700006
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, BK
   Kern, JW
   Wisdom, MJ
   Findholt, SL
   Kie, JG
AF Johnson, BK
   Kern, JW
   Wisdom, MJ
   Findholt, SL
   Kie, JG
TI Resource selection and spatial separation of mule deer and elk during
   spring
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Cervus elaphus; elk; habitat; model; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus;
   Oregon; resource selection
ID CAPREOLUS-CAPREOLUS DEER; RED CERVUS-ELAPHUS; HABITAT SELECTION;
   COMPETITION; DENSITIES; BEHAVIOR; FORESTS; OREGON
AB Elk (Cervus elaphus) are sympatric with mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) across large areas of western North America, where populations of mule deer have declined while elk populations increased. Insight into the interspecific relationships of elk and mule deer requires a clear understanding of the patterns of resource selection and spatial separation between the 2 species on shared range. Accordingly, we monitored distributions of mule deer and elk during spring, 1993-96 at the U.S. Forest Service Starkey Experimental Forest and Range (Starkey), in northeast Oregon. We recorded animal movements with an automated telemetry system (ATS) that provided locations of each radiocollared animal about every 1-4 hr, 24 hr/day. We linked animal locations to a geographic information system (GIS) of physical, vegetation, and human-activity variables identified from the literature as being important predictors of distributions of elk or mule deer, and used logistic regression to identify which variables best predicted resource selection. We validated models of resource selection by comparing predicted and observed selection in 2 study areas with 5 data sets of animal locations collected during spring, 1993-96. Of the 8 variables significant for either deer or elk, 4 variables were significant for 1 but not the other species, and coefficients (3) for 3 other variables differed in sign between the 2 species, demonstrating strong spatial separation between elk and mule deer. The resource selection function (RSF) for elk was a stronger predictor of mule deer selection than was the mule deer RSF as a predictor of elk selection. Mule deer distribution was inversely related to elk resource selection, but elk distribution was not related to mule deer resource selection. In 4 vegetation types that dominate Starkey, mule deer electivity index [(used - availalility)/(used + availability)] declined as elk resource selection increased, while elk electivity index was independent of resource selection of mule deer. The dichotomy in resource selection between the 2 species, combined with the inverse relationship between mule deer locations and elk RSF, indicated that mule deer avoided areas used by elk. Removal experiments are needed under controlled conditions to explicitly test whether mule deer avoidance of elk results in decreased population or individual performance of deer.
C1 Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
   Western Ecosyst Technol, Cheyenne, WY 83001 USA.
   US Forest Serv, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
RP Johnson, BK (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
NR 64
TC 68
Z9 70
U1 10
U2 50
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 3
BP 685
EP 697
DI 10.2307/3802738
PG 13
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 333WL
UT WOS:000088153700007
ER

PT J
AU Yager, DD
   Cook, AP
   Pearson, DL
   Spangler, HG
AF Yager, DD
   Cook, AP
   Pearson, DL
   Spangler, HG
TI A comparative study of ultrasound-triggered behaviour in tiger beetles
   (Cicindelidae)
SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE insect heating; Cicindela; evolution; phylogeny; defensive behaviour
ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; MARUTHA DOW; COLEOPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL; PHYLOGENY
AB This study examines the behavioural responses to ultrasound in 52 species from the family Cicindelidae using both tethered night and non-flight assays. Tethered flying tiger beetles respond to trains of bat-like ultrasonic pulses with a short-latency, multi-component behaviour. There was no variation in the nature of the behavioural responses regardless of geographical distribution or phylogenetic position. Lowest mean behavioural thresholds lie predominantly between 30 and 45 kHz. Sensitivity, however, varies widely, and several species do not respond at all in these assays. The lowest thresholds for responders are most often between 70 and 80 dB SPL. Almost all subgenera of North American tiger beetles in the genus Cicindela have at least some species with low-threshold acoustic behaviour. The single exception is the large subgenus Cicindela ln where all species are completely unresponsive or have very high thresholds. There was little relationship between habitat and responsiveness to ultrasound, but there is a strong correlation with seasonal activity - species with adults active in the spring and autumn tall in the subgenus Cicindela) do not show ultrasound-triggered behaviour whereas summer-active species generally do. Superimposing these data on a current phylogeny of the North American tiger beetles suggests that acoustic behaviour (and hearing) is a shared primitive trait among the taxa examined here and that there have been at least five independent losses of this character.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Yager, DD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Yager, David/D-1809-2010
NR 38
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 8
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0952-8369
J9 J ZOOL
JI J. Zool.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 251
BP 355
EP 368
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01086.x
PN 3
PG 14
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 347VM
UT WOS:000088949900009
ER

PT J
AU Fett, WF
   Wijey, C
   Moreau, RA
   Osman, SF
AF Fett, WF
   Wijey, C
   Moreau, RA
   Osman, SF
TI Production of cutinolytic esterase by filamentous bacteria
SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CUTINASE; PURIFICATION; SUBERIN
AB Thirty-eight strains of filamentous bacteria, many of which are thermophilic or thermotolerant and commonly found in composts and mouldy fodders, were examined for their ability to produce cutinolytic esterase (cutinase) in culture media supplemented with cutin, suberin or cutin-containing agricultural by-products. Initially, the ability of culture supernatants to hydrolyse the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate was determined by spectrophotometric assays. Only one bacterium, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris NRRL B-16117, exhibited cutinolytic esterase production. The enzyme was highly inducible, was repressed by the presence of glucose in the medium and hydrolysed both apple and tomato cutins. Inducers included apple cutin, apple pomace, tomato peel, potato suberin and commercial cork. Unlike similar fungal enzymes, the T. vulgaris cutinolytic esterase was not inducible by cutin hydrolysate. The cutinolytic esterase exhibited a half-life of over 60 min at 70 degrees C and a pH optimum of greater than or equal to 11.0. This study indicates that thermophylic filamentous bacteria may be excellent commercial sources of heat-stable cutin-degrading enzymes that can be produced by fermentation of low cost feedstocks.
C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Fett, WF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322
NR 19
TC 15
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 5
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0266-8254
J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL
JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 31
IS 1
BP 25
EP 29
DI 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00752.x
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 329WQ
UT WOS:000087931800005
PM 10886609
ER

PT J
AU Zambell, KL
   Keim, NL
   Van Loan, MD
   Gale, B
   Benito, P
   Kelley, DS
   Nelson, GJ
AF Zambell, KL
   Keim, NL
   Van Loan, MD
   Gale, B
   Benito, P
   Kelley, DS
   Nelson, GJ
TI Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans: Effects on body
   composition and energy expenditure
SO LIPIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAMMARY-CANCER PREVENTION; MICE; PROLIFERATION; RATS; FAT
AB Recent animal studies have demonstrated that dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces body fat and that this decrease may be due to a change in energy expenditure. The present study examined the effect of CLA supplementation on body composition and energy expenditure in healthy, adult women. Seventeen women were fed either a CLA capsule (3 g/d) or a sunflower oil placebo for 64 d following a baseline period of 30 d. The subjects were confined to a metabolic suite for the entire 94 d study where diet and activity were controlled and held constant. Change in fat-free mass, fat mass, and percentage body fat were unaffected by CLA supplementation (0.18 +/- 0.33 vs. 0.09 +/- 0.35 kg; 0.01 +/- 0.64 vs. -0.19 +/- 0.53 kg; 0.05 +/- 0.62 vs. -0.67 +/- 0.51%, placebo vs. CLA, respectively). Likewise, body weight was not significantly different in the placebo vs. the CLA group (0.48 +/- 0.55 vs. -0.24 +/- 0.46 kg change). Energy expenditure (kcal/min), fat oxidation, and respiratory exchange ratio were measured once during the baseline period and during weeks 4 and 8 of the intervention period. At all three times, measurements were taken while resting and walking. CLA had no significant effect on energy expenditure, fat oxidation, or respiratory exchange ratio at rest or during exercise. When dietary intake was controlled, 64 d of CLA supplementation at 3 g/d had no significant effect on body composition or energy expenditure in adult women, which contrasts with previous findings in animals.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Exercise Sci, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Keim, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Exercise Sci, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM nkeim@whnrc.usda.gov
NR 22
TC 182
Z9 190
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0024-4201
J9 LIPIDS
JI Lipids
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 7
BP 777
EP 782
DI 10.1007/s11745-000-0585-z
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 339WG
UT WOS:000088500400010
PM 10941879
ER

PT J
AU Medina, EA
   Horn, WF
   Keim, NL
   Havel, PJ
   Benito, P
   Kelley, DS
   Nelson, GJ
   Erickson, KL
AF Medina, EA
   Horn, WF
   Keim, NL
   Havel, PJ
   Benito, P
   Kelley, DS
   Nelson, GJ
   Erickson, KL
TI Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans: Effects on
   circulating leptin concentrations and appetite
SO LIPIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID OBESE GENE; PLASMA LEPTIN; BODY-COMPOSITION; SERUM LEPTIN; FAT CONTENT;
   FOOD-INTAKE; OB GENE; MICE; WOMEN; ADIPOCYTES
AB Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been demonstrated to reduce body fat in animals. However, the mechanism by which this reduction occurs is unknown. Leptin may mediate the effect of CLA to decrease body fat. We assessed the effects of 64 d of CLA supplementation (3 g/d) on circulating leptin, insulin, glucose, and lactate concentrations in healthy women. Appetite was assessed as a physiological correlate of changes in circulating leptin levels. Analysis of plasma leptin concentrations adjusted for adiposity by using fat mass as a covariate showed that CLA supplementation significantly decreased circulating leptin concentrations in the absence of any changes of fat mass. Mean leptin levels decreased over the first 7 wk and then returned to baseline levels over the last 2 wk of the study in the CLA-treated group. Appetite parameters measured at around the time when the greatest decreases in leptin levels were observed showed no significant differences between supplementation and baseline determinations in the CLA-supplemented group or between the CLA and placebo-supplemented groups. There was a nonsignificant trend for mean insulin levels to increase toward the end of the supplementation period in CLA-treated subjects. CLA did not affect plasma glucose and lactate over the treatment period. Thus, 64 d of CLA supplementation in women produced a transient decrease in leptin levels but did not alter appetite. CLA did not affect these parameters in a manner that promoted decreases of adiposity.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Human Anat, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Erickson, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Human Anat, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 35747, DK 50129, DK09950-01]
NR 31
TC 121
Z9 124
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA
SN 0024-4201
J9 LIPIDS
JI Lipids
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 35
IS 7
BP 783
EP 788
DI 10.1007/s11745-000-0586-y
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 339WG
UT WOS:000088500400011
PM 10941880
ER

PT J
AU Evans, JJ
   Shoemaker, CA
   Klesius, PH
AF Evans, JJ
   Shoemaker, CA
   Klesius, PH
TI In vivo and in vitro effects of benzothiazole on sheepshead minnow
   (Cyprinodon variegatus)
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th international Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms
   (PRIMO 10)
CY APR 25-29, 1999
CL COLL WILLIAM & MARY, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA
HO COLL WILLIAM & MARY
DE sheepshead minnows; Cyprinodon variegatus; benzothiazole; environmental
   toxicology; larval bioassay; histopathology; CellTiter 96 (TM) (MTT);
   brain cell cultures; epithelial cell lines; cytotoxicity
ID GILL STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; WASTE-WATER;
   2-(THIOCYANOMETHYLTHIO)BENZOTHIAZOLE
AB Benzothiazole, a common chemical associated with tire manufacturing and industrial wastewater, is a principal component of both fresh water and estuarine tire leachate, a neurotoxicant to larval sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) in in vivo estuarine studies. The neurotoxic potential of benzothiazole was investigated following in vivo and in vitro exposure of sheepshead minnows to 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg/l benzothiazole. Following benzothiazole exposure, fish were evaluated for survival, growth and histological alterations. Fish mortality occurred after 5 days of exposure to 60 mg/l (LC50 = 41.9) Significant decreases in larval growth were noted at all concentrations. Histologically, gills had cellular alterations but the central nervous system lacked the severe cellular damage seen in previous tire leachate exposure studies. Benzothiazole cytotoxicity to primary cultures of brain cells from sheepshead minnow and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and two epithelial cell lines was evaluated using a tetrazolium salt assay (MTT) at 1 and 4 days. In vitro results indicate primary cultures of brain cells are less sensitive to benzothiazole than epithelial cell lines. Significant cytotoxicity to the epithelial cell lines was noted at 30 and 60 mg/l concentrations. Histologically and cytotoxicologically, the present study indicates that benzothiazole is a gill toxicant and not a neurotoxicant. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Serv, Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA.
RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 300 Washington Ave, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA.
NR 14
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PD JUL-DEC
PY 2000
VL 50
IS 1-5
BP 257
EP 261
DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(00)00090-8
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA 376ZG
UT WOS:000165486700042
PM 11460700
ER

PT J
AU Starr, J
   Pruett, JH
   Yunginger, JW
   Gleich, GJ
AF Starr, J
   Pruett, JH
   Yunginger, JW
   Gleich, GJ
TI Myiasis due to Hypoderma lineatum infection mimicking the
   hypereosinophilic syndrome
SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAJOR BASIC-PROTEIN; CUTANEOUS MYIASIS; OESTRIDAE; DIPTERA; CATTLE;
   ONCHOCERCIASIS; LOCALIZATION; ANTIBODY; SUBCLASS; LARVAE
AB Myiasis is the infestation of live humans with larvae of Diptera (true flies). This report describes a protracted illness caused by infestation with Hypoderma lineatum, resembling the hypereosinophilic syndrome. A 35-year-old man had a 9-month multisystemic illness with pronounced eosinophilia, pleuritis, pericarditis, and myositis, Treatments including glucocorticoids did not alter the disease. Diagnostic studies included computed tomography, 2-dimensional echocardiography, leukocyte count surgical biopsy of skin and muscle, blood immunoglobulin levels, and blood chemistry. Myiasis was recognized when a worm emerged from the patient's skin; after a second worm emerged, the patient's symptoms disappeared rapidly. Other determinations included IgE and IgG levels specific for H lineatum, Western blot, and immunofluorescence for eosinophil major basic protein; IgG antibodies to H lineatum decreased after emergence of the worms. The patient's symptoms mimicked the hypereosinophilic syndrome but resolved when the myiasis became apparent. Specific serologic analyses can identify infected patients, and ivermectin may be useful as treatment.
C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Immunol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
   Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Pediat Allergy Immunol & Pulm, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
   Scott & White Mem Hosp & Clin, Dept Med, Temple, TX 76508 USA.
   ARS, Knipling Bushland Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA.
RP Gleich, GJ (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Immunol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI09728, AI34577]
NR 30
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 5
PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
PI ROCHESTER
PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA
SN 0025-6196
J9 MAYO CLIN PROC
JI Mayo Clin. Proc.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 75
IS 7
BP 755
EP 759
PG 5
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 332AM
UT WOS:000088050900015
PM 10907394
ER

PT J
AU Ackermann, MR
   Brogden, KA
AF Ackermann, MR
   Brogden, KA
TI Response of the ruminant respiratory tract to Mannheimia (Pasteurella)
   haemolytica
SO MICROBES AND INFECTION
LA English
DT Review
DE antimicrobial peptides; inflammation; innate immunity; pneumonia;
   pulmonary pasteurellosis
ID PULMONARY INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGES; BOVINE ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES;
   OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; SERUM
   ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS;
   CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; IN-VITRO
AB Pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to the sheep and cattle industry throughout the world, Mannnheimia (Pertelrrella) haemolytica is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of domestic ruminants and causes serious outbreaks of acute pneumonia in neonatal, weaned and growing lambs, calves, and goats. M. haemolytica is also an important cause of pneumonia in adult animals. Transportation, viral infections with agents such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza-3 virus or bovine respiratory syncytial virus, overcrowding, housing of neonates and weaned animals together and other stressful conditions predispose animals to M. haemolytica infection [1, 2]. This review assimilates some of the findings key to cellular and molecular responses of the lung from a pathologist's perspective. It includes some of what is known and underscores areas that are not fully understood. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, 2738 Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NR 68
TC 87
Z9 88
U1 3
U2 15
PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
PI PARIS CEDEX 15
PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE
SN 1286-4579
J9 MICROBES INFECT
JI Microbes Infect.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 2
IS 9
BP 1079
EP 1088
DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(00)01262-4
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 353PG
UT WOS:000089284200011
PM 10967288
ER

PT J
AU Le, TH
   Blair, D
   Agatsuma, T
   Humair, PF
   Campbell, NJH
   Iwagami, M
   Littlewood, DTJ
   Peacock, B
   Johnston, DA
   Bartley, J
   Rollinson, D
   Herniou, EA
   Zarlenga, DS
   McManus, DP
AF Le, TH
   Blair, D
   Agatsuma, T
   Humair, PF
   Campbell, NJH
   Iwagami, M
   Littlewood, DTJ
   Peacock, B
   Johnston, DA
   Bartley, J
   Rollinson, D
   Herniou, EA
   Zarlenga, DS
   McManus, DP
TI Phylogenies inferred from mitochondrial gene orders - A cautionary tale
   from the parasitic flatworms
SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Letter
DE Schistosoma; schistosomes; parasitic flatworms; mitochondrial genome;
   mitochondrial DNA; gene order
ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; DNA
C1 Univ Queensland, Australian Ctr Int & Trop Hlth & Nutr, Mol Parasitol Unit, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia.
   Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia.
   James Cook Univ N Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
   Kochi Med Sch, Environm Hlth Sci Lab, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
   Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England.
   USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP McManus, DP (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Australian Ctr Int & Trop Hlth & Nutr, Mol Parasitol Unit, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia.
RI Blair, David/G-6052-2011; McManus, Donald/G-2678-2013; Littlewood,
   Tim/B-5230-2008; Herniou, Elisabeth/B-3786-2016; Rollinson,
   David/C-7406-2009
OI Blair, David/0000-0002-4658-3251; Littlewood, Tim/0000-0002-2718-4001;
   Herniou, Elisabeth/0000-0001-5362-6056; 
NR 13
TC 149
Z9 163
U1 1
U2 6
PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0737-4038
J9 MOL BIOL EVOL
JI Mol. Biol. Evol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 17
IS 7
BP 1123
EP 1125
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
   Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
   Heredity
GA 328WU
UT WOS:000087874900014
PM 10889225
ER

PT J
AU Banik, MT
   Burdsall, HH
AF Banik, MT
   Burdsall, HH
TI Incompatibility groups among North American populations of Laetiporus
   sulphureus sensu lato
SO MYCOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE allozyme; L. cincinnatus; L. sulphureus; pairings; Polyporaceae
AB Mycelial interactions and allozyme analysis for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity were used to evaluate compatibility of pairings of single spore isolates (SSIs) within and between Laetiporus restriction groups (LRGs). SSIs from six collections of LRG II were completely compatible. SSIs from four LRG III collections from western North America were completely compatible, but those from a fifth collection of LRG III, from Michigan, were only partially compatible with those from the western LRG III collections. LRG II SSTs were incompatible with LRG III SSIs, and SSIs of these LRGs were incompatible with SSIs of L. sulphureus, L. cincinnatus, and LRG VI. SSIs from the lone collection of LRG VI were compatible with those of L. sulphureus, which also contains LRGs I and VII. Thus, L. sulphureus s. l. is composed of four Laetiporus incompatibility groups (LIGs): L. sulphureus s. s., L. cincinnatus, LIG II, and LIG III. The LIGs differ in host, pore layer color, geographical distribution, and LRG. Pairings of tester SSIs from each of the LIGs with SSIs from an additional 42 collections of Laetiporus confirm the mutual exclusiveness of the LIGs and the association of the LIGs with the LRGs as well as other characteristics. Therefore, these four LIGs are worthy of recognition at the species level.
C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Banik, MT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
NR 5
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
PI BRONX
PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA
SN 0027-5514
J9 MYCOLOGIA
JI Mycologia
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 92
IS 4
BP 649
EP 655
DI 10.2307/3761422
PG 7
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 338MN
UT WOS:000088424000006
ER

PT J
AU Vandemark, G
   Martinez, O
   Pecina, V
   Alvarado, MD
AF Vandemark, G
   Martinez, O
   Pecina, V
   Alvarado, MD
TI Assessment of genetic relationships among isolates of Macrophomina
   phaseolina using a simplified AFLP technique and two different methods
   of analysis
SO MYCOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE agarose gel electrophoresis; genetic distance; genetic similarity;
   selective primers
ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM; RAPD ANALYSIS;
   MARKERS; FUNGI; VARIABILITY; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; SORGHUM; PRIMERS
AB A simplified protocol for detecting amplified restriction fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) was used to evaluate genetic diversity among isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina collected from different hosts and locations. Fifteen different selective primer pairs were evaluated. No significant differences were observed among primer pairs, grouped based on the AT% of the selective nucleotides, for several parameters that define primer utility. Relationship matrices generated with each group of AFLP primers were highly correlated (r(2) > 0.92). Isolates were very diverse and could not clearly be grouped based on the geographic locations from which they were obtained. Genetic relationships among isolates were very robust. Relationships were determined using both the 'genetic similarity' method of Nei and Li and the 'genetic distance' method of Skroch. We conclude that both methods are equally effective for determining intraspecific genetic relationships when the majority of markers are polymorphic.
C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA.
   IPN, CINVESTAV, Dept Ingn Genet, Irapuato 36500, Gto, Mexico.
   IPN, CINVESTAV, Dept Biotecnol & Bioquim, Irapuato 36500, Gto, Mexico.
RP Vandemark, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA.
EM gvandema@tricity.wsu.edu
RI Martinez, Octavio/F-3951-2014
OI Martinez, Octavio/0000-0002-7590-0041
NR 44
TC 23
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 2
PU ALLEN PRESS INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0027-5514
J9 MYCOLOGIA
JI Mycologia
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 92
IS 4
BP 656
EP 664
DI 10.2307/3761423
PG 9
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 338MN
UT WOS:000088424000007
ER

PT J
AU Martin, FN
AF Martin, FN
TI Phylogenetic relationships among some Pythium species inferred from
   sequence analysis of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome oxidase II
   gene
SO MYCOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE oomycota; phylogeny
ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; ISOZYME VARIATION; INVERTED REPEAT; GROWTH-RESPONSE;
   ULTIMUM; POLYMORPHISMS; PROTEINS; PHYTOPHTHORA; EVOLUTION; GENOME
AB The phylogenetic relationships of 67 isolates representing 24 species of Pythium were assessed by sequence alignment of 684 bp of the mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome oxidase II gene. Sequence differences among species ranged 1.6-14.7% substitutions. The species grouped into three major clades that were, in a general sense, reflective of zoosporangial or hyphal swelling morphology. Clade I contained species with globose to spherical zoosporangia or spherical hyphal swellings. Clade II was comprised of four species, only one of which produced zoosporangia (P. ultimum var. sporangiiferum) with the remaining species producing only spherical hyphal swellings. Species with filamentous to lobulate zoosporangia were in clade III. Pythium oligandrum, a species that produces subglobose zoosporangia with interconnecting filamentous parts was intermediate between species with inflated to lobulate filamentous zoosporangia and species that produced spherical to globose zoosporangia (clades I and II). Two species that produced globose zoosporangia (P. pulchrum and P. rostratum) grouped together separately from the other clades, as did P. nunn. The evolutionary relationships among species obtained by analysis of cox II DNA sequence data corresponds well with the genomic location of this mitochondrially encoded gene as well as the location of the nuclear encoded 5S rRNA gene for a subset of species examined. Characteristics such as heterothallism, oogonial ornamentation, mycoparasitism and the presence of linear mitochondrial genomes were polyphyletic. The only species that contained isolates that did not group together were P. ultimum and P. irregulare; possible reasons for this are discussed.
C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA.
RP Martin, FN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA.
NR 51
TC 86
Z9 95
U1 0
U2 17
PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
PI BRONX
PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA
SN 0027-5514
J9 MYCOLOGIA
JI Mycologia
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 92
IS 4
BP 711
EP 727
DI 10.2307/3761428
PG 17
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 338MN
UT WOS:000088424000012
ER

PT J
AU Croan, SC
AF Croan, SC
TI Lyophilization of hypha-forming tropical wood-inhabiting Basidiomycotina
SO MYCOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE basidiome; basidiomycete; bulbil; chlamydospore; conidium;
   cryopreservation; trehalose; water storage
ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NEUTRAL TREHALASE; FUNGAL CULTURES;
   PRESERVATION; STRESS; TEMPERATURE
AB Mycelial isolates of tropical wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes are not normally considered candidates for preservation by lyophilization because these fungi do not form resistant propagules. This study investigated alternative methods of lyophilization of such mycelial isolates. Media components, freezing rates, dehydration and rehydration, and lyoprotectants were assessed for effects on viability. Results showed that these fungi can survive lyophilization. No noticeable changes in viability, growth rates, or morphological and biochemical characteristics occurred after lyophilization.
C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Croan, SC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
NR 38
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
PI BRONX
PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA
SN 0027-5514
J9 MYCOLOGIA
JI Mycologia
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 92
IS 4
BP 810
EP 817
DI 10.2307/3761440
PG 8
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 338MN
UT WOS:000088424000024
ER

PT J
AU Desjardins, AE
   Plattner, RD
   Gordon, TR
AF Desjardins, AE
   Plattner, RD
   Gordon, TR
TI Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A and Fusarium subglutinans from
   teosinte species and maize from Mexico and Central America
SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SECTION LISEOLA; FUMONISIN PRODUCTION; MONILIFORME; COMPLEX;
   BEAUVERICIN; STRAINS; PINI
AB Seed samples of maize (Zen mays ssp. mays) from Mexico and of teosintes (Zea spp.), the nearest wild relatives of maize, from Mexico, Guatemala, and Nicaragua were assessed for infection with Fusarium species. Strains similar in morphology to Fusarium moniliforme and F. subglutinans were the most frequent isolates from maize and from teosinte species including Z. diploperennis, Z. luxurians, Z. mays ssp. mexicana, and Z. mays ssp. parviglumis. Analysis of fertility, vegetative compatibility and mycotoxin production identified 63% of the 70 F. moniliforme strains from teosinte as genetically diverse members of Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A, a common pathogen of maize. The F. subglutinans strains from maize and teosinte were similarly genetically diverse, but were not fertile with standard testers of G. fujikuroi mating populations B and E, common pathogens of Poaceae, or of mating population H, which causes pitch canker disease of pine. Fifty-four percent of the 80 F. subglutinans strains were fertile when crossed with female tester strains from teosinte and maize collected in a field at Netzahualcoyotyl in the state of Mexico. These strains from Mexico and Central America may comprise a new and distinct G. fujikuroi mating population, but a strain from the Netzahualcoyotyl field site was fertile with a strain of G. fujikuroi mating population H from California. Thus, F. subglutinans from teosinte and maize may have a close relationship to mating population H from pine.
C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 43
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 7
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0953-7562
J9 MYCOL RES
JI Mycol. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 104
BP 865
EP 872
DI 10.1017/S0953756299002002
PN 7
PG 8
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 346AF
UT WOS:000088847400018
ER

PT J
AU Cantrell, SA
   Lodge, DJ
AF Cantrell, SA
   Lodge, DJ
TI Hygrophoraceae of the Greater Antilles: Hygrocybe subgenus Hygrocybe
SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB A key to six taxa of Hygrocybe, subgenus Hygrocybe, sections Chlorophanae and Hygrocybe is provided. One species is new and four species are reported for the first time from the Greater Antilles. The new species is H, chimaeroderma (section Chlorophanae). Hygrocybe acutoconica, H. calyptriformis and H. incolor (section Hygrocybe) are reported for the first time, and two new varieties, H. konradii var, antillana and H. calyptriformis var. domingensis (section Hygrocybe) are described. Three new combinations are made: H. acutoconica var, microspora, H. conica var. brevispora and H. luteistipes (section Hygrocybe).
C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA.
RP Lodge, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, POB 1377, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA.
NR 10
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 3
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0953-7562
J9 MYCOL RES
JI Mycol. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 104
BP 873
EP 878
DI 10.1017/S0953756299002142
PN 7
PG 6
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 346AF
UT WOS:000088847400019
ER

PT J
AU Larsen, MJ
AF Larsen, MJ
TI Lindtneria lowei sp nov (Stephanosporales, Stephanosporaceae)
SO MYCOTAXON
LA English
DT Article
DE Lindtneria lowei sp nov.; Stephanosporales; taxonomy; L. pterospora; L.
   thujatsugina
AB Lindtneria lowei is described from the northeastern United States. It appears allied to L. thujatsugina and L. pterospora. Photomicrographs and scanning electron micrographs of basidiospores of L. lowei are provided.
C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
RP Larsen, MJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU MYCOTAXON LTD
PI ITHACA
PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA
SN 0093-4666
J9 MYCOTAXON
JI Mycotaxon
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2000
VL 75
BP 131
EP 135
PG 5
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 348GA
UT WOS:000088976100003
ER

PT J
AU Trappe, JM
   Castellano, MA
AF Trappe, JM
   Castellano, MA
TI New sequestrate Ascomycota and Basidiomycota covered by the Northwest
   Forest Plan
SO MYCOTAXON
LA English
DT Article
DE sequestrate fungi; hypogeous fungi; ectomycorrhizae; old-growth forests
ID TRUFFLES
AB One new genus and 11 new species of sequestrate fungi are described from late successional forests in the range of the northern spotted owl: Fevansia aurantiaca gen. & sp. nov., Gastroboletus vividus, Gastrosuillus umbrinus, Gymnomyces abietis, G. nondistincta, Hydnotrya inordinata, H. subnix, Octavianina cyanescens, Rhizopogon ellipsosporus, Thaxterogaster pavelekii and Tuber pacificum. These are listed in the Northwest Forest Plan as rare.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Trappe, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
NR 17
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 6
PU MYCOTAXON LTD
PI ITHACA
PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA
SN 0093-4666
J9 MYCOTAXON
JI Mycotaxon
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2000
VL 75
BP 153
EP 179
PG 27
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 348GA
UT WOS:000088976100006
ER

PT J
AU Possessky, SL
   Williams, CE
   Moriarity, WJ
AF Possessky, SL
   Williams, CE
   Moriarity, WJ
TI Glossy buckthorn, Rhamnus frangula L.: A threat to riparian. plant
   communities of the northern Allegheny Plateau (USA)
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID FORESTS
C1 Clarion State Univ, Dept Biol, Clarion, PA 16214 USA.
   USDA, Forest Serv, Warren, PA 16365 USA.
RP Williams, CE (reprint author), Clarion State Univ, Dept Biol, Clarion, PA 16214 USA.
NR 22
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 15
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 20
IS 3
BP 290
EP 292
PG 3
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 334RC
UT WOS:000088198600012
ER

PT J
AU Pritchard, SG
   Rogers, HH
AF Pritchard, SG
   Rogers, HH
TI Spatial and temporal deployment of crop roots in CO(2)-enriched
   environments
SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST
LA English
DT Review
DE roots; elevated [CO(2)]; root turnover; root demography; root
   development; carbon allocation
ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ELEVATED CO2;
   WINTER-WHEAT; LOLIUM-PERENNE; CELLULAR MECHANISMS; CO-2 ENRICHMENT;
   GROWTH DYNAMICS; PLANT-RESPONSES; SPRING WHEAT
AB Growth of crops in CO(2)-enriched atmospheres typically results in significant changes in root growth and development. Increased root carbohydrates stimulate root growth either directly (functioning as substrates) or indirectly (functioning as signal molecules) by enhancing cell division or cell expansion, or both. Although highly variable, the literature suggests that, generally, initiation and stimulation of lateral roots is favored over the elongation of primary roots, leading to more highly branched, shallower root systems. Such architectural shifts can render root systems less efficient, perhaps contributing to the lower specific root activities often reported. Allocation of carbon (C) to roots fluctuates through the life of the plant; root functional and growth responses should therefore not be viewed as static. In annual crops, C allocation to belowground processes changes as vegetative growth switches to reproduction and maturation. Reductions in C allocation to roots over time might cause temporal shifts in root deployment, perhaps affecting root demography. However, significant changes in root turnover (defined here as root flux or mortality relative to total root pool size) as a result of decreased root longevities in crop plants are unlikely. Consideration of changing C allocation to roots, a more thorough understanding of the mechanistic controls on root longevity, and a better characterization of the rooting habits (life histories) of different crop species will further our understanding of how increasing atmospheric [CO(2)] will affect root demography. This knowledge will lead the way toward a more thorough understanding of the linkage of atmosphere with belowground plant function and also that of plant function with soil biology and structure. Ultimately, successful modeling of global C and nitrogen (N) cycles will require empirical data concerning spatial and temporal deployment of roots for a range of crop species grown under different agricultural management systems.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA.
RP Pritchard, SG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Lab, POB 909, Big Spring, TX 79721 USA.
NR 117
TC 64
Z9 77
U1 1
U2 31
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0028-646X
J9 NEW PHYTOL
JI New Phytol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 147
IS 1
BP 55
EP 71
DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00678.x
PG 17
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 341EK
UT WOS:000088577900006
ER

PT J
AU Dionigi, CP
   Johnsen, PB
   Vinyard, BT
AF Dionigi, CP
   Johnsen, PB
   Vinyard, BT
TI The recovery of flavor quality by channel catfish
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL MIB; DEPURATION; GEOSMIN;
   EXPRESSION
AB Intensive production of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus requires copious feeding. Nutrients from uneaten feeds and fish excreta contribute to the growth of microorganisms. Certain microbes that occur frequently in aquaculture systems produce the "muddy and earthy" off-flavor metabolites 2w-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin. Fish containing MIB or geosmin can exhibit an off-flavor that makes them unacceptable for harvest as food fish. Following the cessation of exposure to MIB or geosmin, fish depurate off-flavors. The minimum period required for fish to regain flavor quality is a critical concern for aquaculturists; scant information concerning this period prompted our investigation. Channel catfish were harvested from three commercial ponds, and fish from each pond were sorted into four size-classes (0.4-0.8 kg, 0.8-1.3 kg, 1.3-1.6 kg, and 1.6-2.3 kg) on 30 August (summer) and on 18 October (autumn) 1993. Each group of fish was transferred into individual 2,000-L fiberglass tanks, and each tank was supplied with groundwater (14 L/min). Geosmin was observed at the fall harvest only. Periods required for the mean MIB concentration of each group of fish to reach an estimated acceptance threshold of 0.7 mu g/L were similar at both harvests and ranged from about 96 to 150 h. Periods required for a population of fish to recover flavor quality (defined as the point when more than 80% of the fish had MIB concentrations below the level that would cause rejection as food fish) were greater than periods required for the mean MIB concentration to reach 0.7 mu g/L and ranged from 150 to 500 h.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
RP Dionigi, CP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
NR 19
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 62
IS 3
BP 189
EP 194
DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2000)062<0189:TROFQB>2.3.CO;2
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 340QU
UT WOS:000088546700005
ER

PT J
AU Dwyer, J
AF Dwyer, J
TI Old wine in new bottles? The RDA and the DRI
SO NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Dwyer, J (reprint author), New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Box 783,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0899-9007
J9 NUTRITION
JI Nutrition
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 16
IS 7-8
BP 488
EP 492
DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00294-X
PG 5
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 337RF
UT WOS:000088374900009
PM 10906532
ER

PT J
AU Nichols, BL
AF Nichols, BL
TI Nutriogenetics and child development in the 21st century
SO NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID STARCH MALABSORPTION; GLUCOSE POLYMERS; HEALTHY HUMANS; YOUNG INFANTS;
   ABSORPTION; FERMENTATION; CARBOHYDRATE; CORNSTARCH
C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Nichols, BL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0899-9007
J9 NUTRITION
JI Nutrition
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 16
IS 7-8
BP 493
EP 495
DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00319-1
PG 3
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 337RF
UT WOS:000088374900010
PM 10906533
ER

PT J
AU Nielsen, FH
AF Nielsen, FH
TI The emergence of boron as nutritionally important throughout the life
   cycle
SO NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID DIETARY BORON; MINERAL METABOLISM; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; CHOLECALCIFEROL;
   REPRODUCTION; DEFICIENCY; PLANTS; CHICK
C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
NR 23
TC 59
Z9 61
U1 2
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0899-9007
J9 NUTRITION
JI Nutrition
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 16
IS 7-8
BP 512
EP 514
DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00324-5
PG 3
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 337RF
UT WOS:000088374900016
PM 10906539
ER

PT J
AU Burri, BJ
AF Burri, BJ
TI Carotenoids and gene expression
SO NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; BETA-CAROTENE; INHIBITION; CELLS
C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pomol, 1035 Wickson Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
NR 23
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0899-9007
J9 NUTRITION
JI Nutrition
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 16
IS 7-8
BP 577
EP 578
DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00248-3
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 337RF
UT WOS:000088374900038
PM 10906561
ER

PT J
AU Reeds, PJ
   Burrin, DG
AF Reeds, PJ
   Burrin, DG
TI The gut and amino acid homeostasis
SO NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID NEONATAL PIGLETS; METABOLISM; GLUTAMINE; KINETICS; CATABOLISM; LEUCINE;
   SHEEP; BLOOD; DIET
C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Reeds, PJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM preeds@bcm.tmc.edu
NR 26
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0899-9007
J9 NUTRITION
JI Nutrition
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 16
IS 7-8
BP 666
EP 668
DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00354-3
PG 3
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 337RF
UT WOS:000088374900068
PM 10906591
ER

PT J
AU South, PK
   Morris, VC
   Smith, AD
   Levander, OA
AF South, PK
   Morris, VC
   Smith, AD
   Levander, OA
TI Effect of selenium deficiency on liver iron stores in mice
SO NUTRITION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE iron; selenium; iron overload; cholesterol; triglyceride; lipid
   peroxidation
ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION INVIVO; VITAMIN-E; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DIETARY
   IRON; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; RATS; OVERLOAD; LIPOPROTEIN;
   METABOLISM; SUPPLEMENTATION
AB Excess Fe accumulation has been associated with increased risk of chronic disease in humans. Others have shown that rats fed Se deficient diets containing normal Fe levers accumulate excess hepatic Fe. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Se deficiency on Fe accumulation in mice fed adequate or high Fe diets. Sixty-four weanling male mice were divided into 2 groups and fed either a Se deficient diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.2 mu g Se/g diet added as sodium selenite. Half the mice in each group consumed diets supplemented with adequate (35 mu g Fe/g) or high (1050 mu g Fe/g) Fe added as ferric citrate. Mice were fed diets over a 4 or 12 week period. Mice fed the high Fe diets had increased liver Fe stores while mice fed the Se deficient diets had decreased liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) activity after both 4 and 12 weeks. After 4 weeks, Se deficiency had a significant (P = 0.048) effect on liver Fe stores. Mice fed Se deficient diets had elevated liver Fe concentration compared to mice fed Se adequate diets although differences between individual diets were not significant. After 12 weeks, however, Se deficiency had no effect on liver Fe stores. Mice fed the Se deficient diet containing high Fe had elevated liver TEARS levels compared to mice fed the Se adequate diet containing adequate or high Fe after 4 weeks. Mice fed the Se deficient diet containing high Fe had elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to mice fed the Se adequate diet containing high Fe after a weeks. Mice fed the Se deficient diet containing high Fe had decreased plasma triglyceride levels compared to mice fed the Se adequate diet containing adequate Fe after 12 weeks. Increased oxidative stress, a consequence of decreased Se status may affect liver Fe accumulation as well as plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP South, PK (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Bldg 307,Rm 221,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 50
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0271-5317
J9 NUTR RES
JI Nutr. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 20
IS 7
BP 1027
EP 1040
DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00179-2
PG 14
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 326FP
UT WOS:000087722300012
ER

PT J
AU Cronin, JT
   Reeve, JD
   Wilkens, R
   Turchin, P
AF Cronin, JT
   Reeve, JD
   Wilkens, R
   Turchin, P
TI The pattern and range of movement of a checkered beetle predator
   relative to its bark beetle prey
SO OIKOS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; HOST-PARASITOID SYSTEMS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS;
   THANASIMUS-DUBIUS; DIFFUSION-MODEL; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; DISPERSAL;
   INSECT; CONSEQUENCES
AB Theoretical studies of predator-prey population dynamics have increasingly centered on the role of space and the movement of organisms. Yet, empirical studies have been slow to follow suit. Herein, we quantified the long-range movement of a checkered beetle, Thanasimus dubius, which is an important predator of a pernicious forest pest, the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis. Adult checkered beetles were marked and released at five sites and subsequently recaptured at traps baited with pine and pine beetle semiochemicals and located at distances up to 2 km away from the release point. While the pattern of recaptures-with-distance at each site provided a modest fit to a simple random-diffusion model, there was a consistent discrepancy between observed and expected recaptures: a higher than expected proportion of beetles were recaptured at the more distant traps. To account for this deviation, we developed a model of diffusion that allowed for simple heterogeneity in the population of marked beetles; i.e., a slow and fast moving form of the checkered beetle. This model provided a significantly better fit to the data and formed the basis for out estimates of intra-forest movement. We estimated that on average, one half of the checkered beetles dispersed at least 1.25 km, one third dispersed > 2 km, and 5% dispersed > 5 km. The source of the heterogeneous dispersal rates were partially due to differences in beetle size: smaller beetles (for both males and females) were more likely to be recaptured away from the release site than larger beetles. The southern pine beetle (prey for the checkered beetle) exhibited no significant heterogeneity in dispersal ability and provided a very good fit to the simple diffusion model. The only difference in dispersal between these two species was that checkered beetles were undergoing greater long-distance dispersal than the pine beetles (thr radius containing 95% of the dispersing individuals was 5.1 km for the checkered beetle and 2.3 km for the pine beetle). Data on the movement of these two species is used to evaluate a general model of spatial pattern formation in a homogeneous environment, and the potential of the checkered beetle as a biological control agent for the southern pine beetle.
C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
   US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA.
   Dowling Coll, Dept Biol, Oakdale, NY 11769 USA.
   Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP Cronin, JT (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
EM jcronin@badlands.nodak.edu
NR 67
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 1
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0030-1299
EI 1600-0706
J9 OIKOS
JI Oikos
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 90
IS 1
BP 127
EP 138
DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900113.x
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 341ML
UT WOS:000088594100013
ER

PT J
AU Xiao, L
   Morgan, UM
   Fayer, R
   Thompson, RCA
   Lal, AA
AF Xiao, L
   Morgan, UM
   Fayer, R
   Thompson, RCA
   Lal, AA
TI Cryptosporidium systematics and implications for public health
SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY
LA English
DT Review
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; PARVUM APICOMPLEXA;
   BIOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM; TRANSMISSION; GENOTYPES; ANIMALS; OOCYSTS; GENUS
AB There is controversy in the taxonomy of Cryptosporidium parasites and the public health significance of Cryptosporidium isolates from various animals. Recent advances in molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium parasites have allowed the re-examination of species structure of the genus Cryptosporidium. Non-parvum Cryptosporidium spp and new C. parvum genotypes in immunocompromised humans can now be clearly detected. In this article, Lihua Xiao and colleagues summarize the current biological and molecular evidence for different Cryptosporidium spp, and the public health importance of these species and new C. parvum genotypes.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Murdoch Univ, World Hlth Organ Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
   Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Div Bet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
   USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Xiao, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013
OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727
NR 31
TC 109
Z9 115
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0169-4758
J9 PARASITOL TODAY
JI Parasitol. Today
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 16
IS 7
BP 287
EP 292
DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(00)01699-9
PG 6
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 331BQ
UT WOS:000087997800008
PM 10858647
ER

PT J
AU Eller, FJ
   King, JW
AF Eller, FJ
   King, JW
TI Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of cedarwood oil: a study of
   extraction parameters and oil characteristics
SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE supercritical fluid extraction; carbon dioxide; cedarwood oil; cedrol;
   thujopsene; Juniperus virginiana
ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUID EXTRACTION; EASTERN REDCEDAR; FRACTIONATION;
   MOISTURE; CO2
AB The extraction of cedarwood oil (CWO) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) has been investigated with respect to the effects of extraction temperature and pressure, length of extraction, and age of cedarwood chips. Steam distilled and SC-CO2 derived CWOs were compared by gas chromatography and sensory evaluation, The extraction of CWO increased with extraction temperature, except at the lowest pressure utilised. The highest percentage contribution of thujopsene to the SC-CO2 derived CWO occurred with the combination of 1500 psi and 70 degrees C or 100 degrees C. Essentially all of the CWO was extracted from the wood matrix in the first 10 min, however, complete extraction of water required ca, 25 min. The amount of CWO extracted decreased with increasing age of the cedarwood chips. This decrease was greatest for the more volatile hydrocarbon components, thujopsene and cedrene, The mean weight percentage yields of CWO for steam distillation and SC-CO2 extraction were 1.3 and 4.4%, respectively. An experienced analytical sensory panel selected the SC-CO2 derived CWO as being more similar to the original cedarwood chips than the steam distilled CWO, Volatile collections performed on SC-CO2 extracted, steam distilled and unextracted cedarwood chips indicated that the SC-CO2 extracted chips released almost no volatiles, whereas the unextracted chips released a higher amount of volatiles. The steam distilled cedarwood chips released an intermediate level of volatiles. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 23
TC 31
Z9 34
U1 3
U2 11
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 0958-0344
J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS
JI Phytochem. Anal.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 11
IS 4
BP 226
EP 231
DI 10.1002/1099-1565(200007/08)11:4<226::AID-PCA524>3.3.CO;2-Z
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA 337RK
UT WOS:000088375300003
ER

PT J
AU O'Neill, NR
   Jennings, JC
   Bailey, BA
   Farr, DF
AF O'Neill, NR
   Jennings, JC
   Bailey, BA
   Farr, DF
TI Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea, destructive
   seedborne pathogens and potential mycoherbicides for Papaver somniferum
SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea were isolated from blighted Papaver somniferum and Papaver bracteatum plants grown in growth chambers and the field in Beltsville, MD. The etiology of the diseases was determined, and the fungi are being investigated as potential mycoherbicides to control the narcotic opium poppy plant. P. papaveracea is known to be a highly destructive seedborne pathogen of Papaver somniferum, causing seedling blight, leaf blight, crown rot, and capsule rot. Single conidia and ascospores were isolated and cultures established from naturally infested seed and diseased foliage and pods of opium poppy from Iran, Colombia, Venezuela, Sweden, India, and the United States (Maryland and Washington). Mycelia and conidia of P. papaveracea and D. penicillatum produced on necrotic leaf tissues appear morphologically similar, and the fungi were previously considered to be anamorph and teleomorph. However, no anamorph/teleomorph connection could be established, and the fungi appear to be distinct taxa. P. papaveracea produced conidia, mature pseudothecia, and chlamydospores in vitro and on infected stems. D. penicillatum produced conidia, microsclerotia, and macronematous conidiophores. Although both fungi were pathogenic to three poppy cultivars, conidial inoculum from P. papaveracea cultures was more virulent than conidial inoculum from D. penicillatum. Eight week-old plants became necrotic and died 8 days after inoculation with a conidial suspension of P. papaveracea at 2 x 10(5) spores per mi. Disease severity was significantly enhanced by inoculum formulations that contained corn oil, by higher conidial inoculum concentrations, and by increased wetness periods. Symptoms on plants inoculated with either pathogen included leaf and stem necrosis, stem girdling, stunting, necrotic leaf spots, and foliar and pod blight. Inoculated seedlings exhibited wire stem, damping-off, and root rot. Conidia, and less frequently pseudothecia, of P. papaveracea and conidia of D. penicillatum were produced abundantly on inoculated, necrotic foliage, pods, and seedlings. Cultures from conidia or ascospores reisolated from these tissues consistently produced fungi whose morphologies were typical of the fungus from which the inoculum was derived.
C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Bot Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP O'Neill, NR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 27
TC 15
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0031-949X
J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY
JI Phytopathology
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 90
IS 7
BP 691
EP 698
DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.7.691
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 327QX
UT WOS:000087805200004
PM 18944487
ER

PT J
AU Bailey, BA
   Apel-Birkhold, PC
   O'Neill, NR
   Plaskowitz, J
   Alavi, S
   Jennings, JC
   Anderson, JD
AF Bailey, BA
   Apel-Birkhold, PC
   O'Neill, NR
   Plaskowitz, J
   Alavi, S
   Jennings, JC
   Anderson, JD
TI Evaluation of infection processes and resulting disease caused by
   Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea on Papaver somniferum
SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE conidia; dew period; hyphae; mycoherbicide; pseudothecia; weeds
ID OIL
AB Two pathogenic fungi of opium poppy, Pleospora papaveracea and Dendryphion penicillatum, were isolated from field material in Beltsville, MD. The processes of infection by these two fungi were studied to determine the optimal environmental conditions for infection. Both fungi formed appressoria capable of penetrating directly through the plant epidermal layer. Of the two fungi, P. papaveracea was more aggressive, causing more rapid necrosis. Appressorial formation by P. papaveracea occurred as early as 4 h after application of a conidial suspension to poppy leaves. P. papaveracea formed more appressoria than did D. penicillatum, especially at cool temperatures (7 to 13 degrees C). In greenhouse studies, P. papaveracea caused more damage to opium poppy than did D. penicillatum when applied in 10% unrefined corn oil. In the field, P. papaveracea was more consistent in its effects on opium poppy from a local seed source designated Indian Grocery. P. papaveracea caused higher disease ratings, more stem lesions, and equal or greater yield losses than did D. penicillatum on Indian Grocery. The late-maturing opium poppy variety White Cloud was severely damaged by disease, regardless of formulation or fungal treatment. P, papaveracea was the predominant fungus isolated from poppy seed capsules and the only fungus reisolated from the field the following year. These studies provide a better understanding of the infection process and the differences between these two pathogenic fungi and will be beneficial for the development of the fungi as biological control agents.
C1 USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM bbailey@asrr.arsusda.gov
NR 31
TC 8
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0031-949X
J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY
JI Phytopathology
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 90
IS 7
BP 699
EP 709
DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.7.699
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 327QX
UT WOS:000087805200005
PM 18944488
ER

PT J
AU Chardonnet, CO
   Sams, CE
   Trigiano, RN
   Conway, WS
AF Chardonnet, CO
   Sams, CE
   Trigiano, RN
   Conway, WS
TI Variability of three isolates of Botrytis cinerea affects the inhibitory
   effects of calcium on this fungus
SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE gray mold
ID PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; POLYGALACTURONASE ACTIVITY; BIOCONTROL ACTIVITY;
   BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CANDIDA-OLEOPHILA; INFECTION; DNA; APPLE; FRUIT;
   DECAY
AB Botrytis cinerea is an economically important pathogen. Epidemiological studies are difficult because of the genetic variability within this species. The objectives of this work were to study the variability and to compare the inhibitory effects of Ca on three isolates of B. cinerea from decayed apple (B) and grape (C and C77:4). Among these isolates, B had the least radial growth but had a sporulation rate 40% higher than that of both C77:4 and C. In situ, isolate C incited the largest decay area in the fruit of two of four apple cultivars examined and had the highest polygalacturonase activity in vitro. Maximum mycelial growth was reached with CaCl2 at 1 g liter(-1) for isolates B and C77:4 and at 4 g liter(-1) for isolate C. Calcium (CaCl2) inhibited poly galacturonase activity at 1 g liter(-1) for C and C77:4 and at 16 g liter(-1) for B. Calcium infiltration reduced decay caused by all three isolates by three to five times. Mycelial DNA analysis showed that 42% of the character loci scored were polymorphic and the greatest similarities were found between B and C77:4. These results support the evidence that the biological and statistical variability in research can be affected by the B. cinerea isolate selected. Despite this variation, Ca treatment of apples reduced decay caused by all three Botrytis cinerea isolates.
C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA.
   Univ Tennessee, Dept Ornamental Hort & Landscape Design, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA.
   USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Sams, CE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA.
NR 46
TC 22
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0031-949X
J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY
JI Phytopathology
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 90
IS 7
BP 769
EP 774
DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.7.769
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 327QX
UT WOS:000087805200014
PM 18944497
ER

PT J
AU Pechan, T
   Ye, LJ
   Chang, YM
   Mitra, A
   Lin, L
   Davis, FM
   Williams, WP
   Luthe, DS
AF Pechan, T
   Ye, LJ
   Chang, YM
   Mitra, A
   Lin, L
   Davis, FM
   Williams, WP
   Luthe, DS
TI A unique 33-kD cysteine proteinase accumulates in response to larval
   feeding in maize genotypes resistant to fall armyworm and other
   lepidoptera
SO PLANT CELL
LA English
DT Article
ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER; ZEA-MAYS; LEUCINE
   AMINOPEPTIDASE; BARLEY ALEURONE; GERMPLASM LINE; ABSCISIC-ACID; PLANTS;
   EXPRESSION; GENES
AB Plants respond to insect feeding with a number of defense mechanisms. Using maize genotypes derived from Antiquan germ plasm that are resistant to Lepidoptera, we have demonstrated that a unique 33-kD cysteine proteinase accumulates in the whorl in response to larval feeding. The abundance of the proteinase increased dramatically at the site of larval feeding after 1 hr of infestation and continued to accumulate for as long as 7 days. The 33-kD cysteine proteinase was most abundant in the yellow-green portion of the whorl-the normal site of larval feeding and the tissue that has the greatest inhibitory effect on larval growth in bioassays. The proteinase was expressed in response to wounding and was found in senescent leaves. It may be a marker of programmed cell death. The gene coding for the proteinase, mir1, has been transformed into Black Mexican Sweet callus. When larvae were reared on callus expressing the proteinase, their growth was inhibited similar to 60 to 80%. The expression of a cysteine proteinase, instead of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, may be a novel insect defense mechanism in plants.
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
   Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Hosp Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Luthe, DS (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RI Ankala, Arunkanth/G-6330-2011
OI Ankala, Arunkanth/0000-0002-6373-9916
NR 48
TC 101
Z9 113
U1 6
U2 23
PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 1040-4651
J9 PLANT CELL
JI Plant Cell
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 12
IS 7
BP 1031
EP 1040
DI 10.1105/tpc.12.7.1031
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology
GA 341BJ
UT WOS:000088570900003
PM 10899972
ER

PT J
AU Nyczepir, AP
   Bertrand, PF
AF Nyczepir, AP
   Bertrand, PF
TI Preplanting bahia grass or wheat compared for controlling Mesocriconema
   xenoplax and short life in a young peach orchard
SO PLANT DISEASE
LA English
DT Article
DE cultural control; ground cover; Paspalum notatum; Prunus persica; ring
   nematode; Triticum aestivum
ID TREE SHORT LIFE; CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; CYST
   NEMATODES; PRUNING DATE; ROOT-KNOT; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; ROTATIONS;
   PEANUT
AB The effects of four preplant ground cover systems as alternatives to chemical control of Mesocriconema xenoplax were investigated from 1991 to 1998. Ground cover establishment was initiated in 1991 in an orchard known to be infested with M. xenoplax and having a history of peach tree short life (PTSL). Ground cover systems included (i) Pensacola bahia grass, (ii) Tifton 9 bahia grass, (iii) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum 'Stacy'), and (iv) naturally occurring weeds that were maintained over the entire orchard floor. Ground cover evaluation was initiated in 1994, when herbicide was applied to the ground cover plots and half the weed plots were fumigated with methyl bromide. Peach trees were planted into all plots in 1995. Fumigation effect on M. xenoplax population density collapsed 25 months after application. Young peach trees grew faster for the first 13 months in killed Pensacola bahia grass sod and fumigated soil, intermediate in Tifton 9 bahia grass and wheat plots, and slowest in unfumigated weed plots. By the end of the experiment, tree growth was greatest in Pensacola bahia grass killed sod and least in the unfumigated weed plots. Preplant wheat was as effective as fallow for 3 years plus a preplant methyl bromide fumigation in increasing tree survival from PTSL.
C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA.
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 6
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0191-2917
J9 PLANT DIS
JI PLANT DIS.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 84
IS 7
BP 789
EP 793
DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.7.789
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 325FU
UT WOS:000087666200015
ER

PT J
AU Liu, HY
   Wisler, GC
   Duffus, JE
AF Liu, HY
   Wisler, GC
   Duffus, JE
TI Particle lengths of whitefly-transmitted criniviruses
SO PLANT DISEASE
LA English
DT Article
DE Closteroviridae; histogram
ID INFECTIOUS CHLOROSIS VIRUS; BEMISIA-TABACI; YELLOWS VIRUS;
   CLOSTEROVIRUSES
AB An improved method for particle Crinivirus. Particle measurements were conducted with a CCD-72S solid state camera, which was interfaced with a Zeiss EM 109 electron microscope, and analyzed using the analysis 2.1 Image Analysis Software. In comparisons of specimen preparation methods, the leaf dip method is more representative and reproducible than the antibody capture method or preparation from purified virions. Particle length (nm) ranges of whitefly-transmitted criniviruses are: Abutilon yellows virus (AYV), 800 to 850; Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), 750 to 800; Lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV), 800 to 850; Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), 700 to 750; Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), 800 to 850; and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), 850 to 900.
C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA.
RP Liu, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA.
NR 20
TC 25
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0191-2917
J9 PLANT DIS
JI PLANT DIS.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 84
IS 7
BP 803
EP 805
DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.7.803
PG 3
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 325FU
UT WOS:000087666200017
ER

PT J
AU Hong, SB
   Sexton, R
   Tucker, ML
AF Hong, SB
   Sexton, R
   Tucker, ML
TI Analysis of gene promoters for two tomato polygalacturonases expressed
   in abscission zones and the stigma
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FLOWER ABSCISSION; MESSENGER-RNA; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; FRUIT
   POLYGALACTURONASE; TRANSMITTING TISSUE; 9.5 CELLULASE; WIN2 GENES;
   PLANTS; ETHYLENE; TRANSFORMATION
AB The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum ev Ailsa Craig) polygalacturonase genes TAPG1 (LYCes;Pga1;2) and TAPG4 (LYCes; Pga1;5) are abundantly expressed in both abscission zones and the pistils of mature flowers, To further investigate the spatial and temporal expression patterns for these genes, the TAPG gene promoters were ligated to beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes and transformed into tomato. GUS expression with both constructs was similar and entirely consistent with the expression patterns of the native gene transcripts. GUS activity was observed in the weakening abscission zones of the leaf petiole, flower and fruit pedicel, flower corolla, and fruit calyx. In leaf petiole and flower pedicel zones this activity was enhanced by ethylene and inhibited by indole-3-acetic acid. On induction of abscission with ethylene, GUS accumulation was much earlier in TAPG4:GUS than in TAPG1:GUS transformants. Moreover, TAPG4:GUS staining appeared to predominate in the vascular bundles relative to surrounding cortex cells whereas TAPG1:GUS was more evenly distributed across the separation layer. Like the native genes, GUS was also expressed in the stigma. Activity was not apparent in pistils until the flowers had opened and was confined to the stigma and style immediately proximal to it. A minimal promoter construct consisting of a 247-bp 5'-upstream element from TAPG1 was found to be sufficient to direct GUS expression in both abscission zones and the stigma.
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Stirling, Dept Biol Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland.
RP Tucker, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Bldg 006,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 49
TC 56
Z9 61
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 123
IS 3
BP 869
EP 881
DI 10.1104/pp.123.3.869
PG 13
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 334YD
UT WOS:000088213300010
PM 10889236
ER

PT J
AU Kallis, RP
   Ewy, RG
   Portis, AR
AF Kallis, RP
   Ewy, RG
   Portis, AR
TI Alteration of the adenine nucleotide response and increased Rubisco
   activation activity of Arabidopsis Rubisco activase by site-directed
   mutagenesis
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE
   CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE; RCA GENE; P-LOOP;
   BINDING; ATP; HYDROLYSIS; SUBSTITUTION; THIOREDOXIN
AB Arabidopsis Rubisco was activated in vitro at rates 2- to 3-fold greater by recombinant Arabidopsis 43-kD Rubisco activase with the amino acid replacements Q111E and Q111D in a phosphate-binding loop, G-G-K-G-Q-G-K-S. However, these two mutant enzymes had only slightly greater rates of ATP hydrolysis. Activities of the Q111D enzyme were much less sensitive and those of Q111E were somewhat less sensitive to inhibition by ADP. Both mutant enzymes exhibited higher Rubisco activation activities over the physiological range of ADP to ATP ratios. Enzymes with non-polar, polar, and basic residues substituted at position Gin-ill exhibited rates of Rubisco activation less than the wild-type enzyme. Estimates of the relative affinity of the wild type and the Q111D Q111E, and Q111S enzymes for adenosine nucleotides by a variety of methods revealed that the nucleotide affinities were the most diminished in the Q111D enzyme. The temperature stability of the Q111D and Q111E enzymes did not differ markedly from that of the 43-kD recombinant wild-type enzyme, which is somewhat thermolabile. The Q111D and Q111E enzymes, expressed in planta, may provide a means to better define the role of the ADP to ATP ratio in the regulation of Rubisco activation and photosynthesis rate.
C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
NR 37
TC 18
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 123
IS 3
BP 1077
EP 1086
DI 10.1104/pp.123.3.1077
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 334YD
UT WOS:000088213300031
PM 10889257
ER

PT J
AU Smith, DL
   Gross, KC
AF Smith, DL
   Gross, KC
TI A family of at least seven beta-galactosidase genes is expressed during
   tomato fruit development
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RIPENING INHIBITOR; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; NEVER-RIPE; REPORTER GENES;
   WILD-TYPE; ETHYLENE; MUTANT; RIN; POLYGALACTURONASE; PURIFICATION
AB During our search for a cDNA encoding beta-galactosidase II, a beta-galactosidase/exogalactanase (EC 3.2.1.23) present during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit ripening, a family of seven tomato beta-galactosidase (TBG) cDNAs was identified. The shared amino acid sequence identity among the seven TBG clones ranged from 33% to 79%. All contained the putative active site-containing consensus sequence pattern G-G-P-[LIVM]-x-Q-x-E-N-E-[FY] belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 35. Six of the seven single-copy genes were mapped using restriction fragment length polymorphisms of recombinant inbred lines. RNA gel-blot analysis was used to evaluate TBG mRNA levels throughout fruit development, in different fruit tissues, and in various plant tissues. RNA gel-blot analysis was also used to reveal TBG mRNA levels in fruit of the rin, Mor, and Nr tomato mutants. The TBG4-encoded protein, known to correspond to beta-galactosidase LT, was expressed in yeast and exo-galactanase activity was confirmed via a quantified release of galactosyl residues from cell wall fractions containing beta(1-->)-D-galactan purified from tomato fruit.
C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Gross, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 56
TC 140
Z9 159
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 123
IS 3
BP 1173
EP 1183
DI 10.1104/pp.123.3.1173
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 334YD
UT WOS:000088213300040
PM 10889266
ER

PT J
AU Ippolito, A
   El Ghaouth, A
   Wilson, CL
   Wisniewski, M
AF Ippolito, A
   El Ghaouth, A
   Wilson, CL
   Wisniewski, M
TI Control of postharvest decay of apple fruit by Aureobasidium pullulans
   and induction of defense responses
SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE apple fruit; Aureobasidium pullulans; beta-1,3-glucanase; biocontrol;
   blue mold; Botrytis cinerea; chitinase; gray mold; microbial antagonist;
   Penicillium expansum; peroxidase
ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BIOCONTROL ACTIVITY;
   BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; CHITINASES; CITRUS; YEASTS; FUNGI; ROTS
AB The biocontrol activity of Aureobasidium pullulans on decay of apple fruit caused by Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum, and its ability to induce biochemical defense responses in apple tissue, were investigated. In apple wounds, A. pullulans multiplied rapidly and controlled decay caused by either B. cinerea or P. expansum. At the end of the storage period, A. pullulans reduced the incidence of gray and blue mold of apple by 89 and 67%, respectively, compared to the water-treated control. In addition to controlling decay, A. pullulans caused a transient increase in beta-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and peroxidase activities starting 24 h after treatment and reaching maximum levels 48 and 96 h after treatment. An increase in beta-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and peroxidase activity was also triggered by wounding, although, the level of increase was markedly lower than that detected in treated fruit. The ability of A. pullulans to increase activities of beta-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and peroxidase in addition to its known capacity to out-compete pathogen for nutrients and space, may be the basis of its biocontrol activity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Bari, Dipartimento Protez Piante & Microbiol Applicata, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
   Univ Nouakchott, Fac Sci & Tech, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
   ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
RP Ippolito, A (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dipartimento Protez Piante & Microbiol Applicata, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
NR 33
TC 184
Z9 222
U1 11
U2 48
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-5214
J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC
JI Postharvest Biol. Technol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 3
BP 265
EP 272
DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00104-6
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 338PG
UT WOS:000088428000008
ER

PT J
AU Rath, NC
   Huff, GR
   Huff, WE
   Balog, JM
AF Rath, NC
   Huff, GR
   Huff, WE
   Balog, JM
TI Factors regulating bone maturity and strength in poultry
SO POULTRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE poultry; bone strength; bone maturity; collagen crosslinks
ID COLLAGEN FIBER ORIENTATION; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; CORTICAL BONE; LAYING
   HENS; TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BROILER-CHICKENS;
   BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; BREAKING STRENGTH; DIETARY-PROTEIN
AB Adolescent meat-type poultry and cage layers exhibit a high incidence of bone problems that include bone weakness, deformity, breakage, and infection and osteoporosis-related mortalities. These problems include economic and welfare issues. To improve bone quality in poultry, it is essential to understand the physiological basis of bone maturity and strength in poultry. A complex array of factors that include structural, architectural, compositional, physiological, and nutritional factors interactively determine bone quality and strength. Bone is approximately 70% mineral, 20% organic, and 10% water. Collagen is the major organic matrix that confers tensile strength to the bone, whereas hydroxyapatite provides compressional strength. In recent years, the roles of different collagen crosslinks have been shown to be important in the increase of bone mechanical strength. Similarly, age-related glyco-oxidative modifications of collagen have been shown to increase the stiffness of collagen. These posttranslational modifications of matrix can affect bone quality as it would be affected by the changes in the mineralization process. Our studies show that the growth in the tibia continued until 25 wk of age, which correlated with the increase in the content of hydroxylysylpridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP), the collagen crosslinks. The tibia from 5-wk-old chicks were strong but brittle because of low collagen crosslinks and high mineral content. Bone maturity may relate to its crosslink content. Compared to crosslink content, bone density and ash content showed moderate increases during growth. The bones from younger turkeys were more susceptible to corticosteroid-induced stunting of growth, which also resulted In decreased bone strength. This review discusses how different factors can compromise bone strength by reducing growth, altering shape, affecting mineralization, and affecting collagen crosslinking.
C1 Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
NR 73
TC 139
Z9 145
U1 2
U2 29
PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0032-5791
J9 POULTRY SCI
JI Poult. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 79
IS 7
BP 1024
EP 1032
PG 9
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 330JA
UT WOS:000087958000018
PM 10901206
ER

PT J
AU Huff, GR
   Huff, WE
   Rath, NC
   Balog, JM
AF Huff, GR
   Huff, WE
   Rath, NC
   Balog, JM
TI Turkey osteomyelitis complex
SO POULTRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE turkey osteomyelitis complex; stress; vitamin D; dexamethasone
ID GREEN LIVER DISCOLORATION; VITAMIN-D; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TIBIAL
   DYSCHONDROPLASIA; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; CHICKENS; DEXAMETHASONE;
   INFECTION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; GLUCOCORTICOIDS
AB Turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC) is defined by the US Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) to include normal-appearing processed turkey carcasses that contain lesions including green discoloration of the liver, arthritis/synovitis, soft-tissue abscesses, and osteomyelitis of the proximal tibia. The lesions are associated with many different opportunistic organisms, mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, suggesting that TOC incidence may be influenced more by deficiencies in the host immune response rather than by the virulence of any one organism. This syndrome is primarily a disease of adolescent male turkeys, and birds with TOC lesions have decreased indices of cell-mediated immunity, leading to the hypothesis that defects in the immune response of individuals within flocks of male turkeys may be responsible for the occurrence of these opportunistic infections. We have developed an experimental model for this disease in which treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), either with or without air sac inoculation with Escherichia coli, produces all of the lesions associated with TOC. These studies suggest that TOC is a result of stress-induced immunosuppression in a subpopulation of male turkeys that respond to the stressors in modern poultry production in a detrimental manner. Supplemental vitamin Dg treatment protected male turkeys from the immunosuppression induced by multiple treatments with DEX and resulted in decreased incidence of mortality, TOC, green liver, and isolation of bacteria from tissues, lower air sacculitis scores, and lower heterophil to lymphocyte ratios than nonsupplemented controls. Vitamin D-3 also protected BW; relative weights of the liver, heart, spleen, and bursa; and clinical chemistry values from the effects of DEX treatment. The ability of vitamin D-3 supplementation to protect turkeys from the immunosuppressive effects of severe stress emphasizes its role as a prohormone that affects health and disease resistance in turkeys and suggests that variation in the vitamin D receptor genotype may be involved in this disease process. This model has potential value in the identification of other nutritional and physiological immunomodulators that can decrease TOC incidence and will provide a means for the divergent selection of birds more resistant to the stressors of turkey production. Tn addition, this model will provide justification for management options designed to minimize stress.
C1 Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
RP Huff, GR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
NR 49
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 5
PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0032-5791
J9 POULTRY SCI
JI Poult. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 79
IS 7
BP 1050
EP 1056
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 330JA
UT WOS:000087958000021
PM 10901209
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, RG
   Kroczynska, B
   Miernyk, JA
AF Zhou, RG
   Kroczynska, B
   Miernyk, JA
TI Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana AtJ2 cochaperone protein in
   Pichia pastoris
SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
LA English
DT Article
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI DNAJ; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; ATPASE ACTIVITY; HSP70;
   HOMOLOG; GROEL
AB A vector was constructed for intracellular expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana DnaJ homologue AtJ2 in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The vector includes DNA encoding an amino-terminal histidine-tag, to simplify protein purification. Shake-flask cultures could be induced to produce approximately 250 mg/L of AtJ2. Purified recombinant AtJ2 was able to stimulate the ATPase activities of both the Escherichia coli and Zea mays cytoplasmic Stress70 chaperone proteins five- to ninefold. The carboxy terminus of AtJ2 is -CAQQ, a protein farnesylation motif. When transformed P. pastoris was induced to synthesize AtJ2 in the presence of [H-3]mevalonolactone, radioactivity was incorporated into the protein, suggesting farnesylation, (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Hebei Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agrophys Plant Physiol & Biochem, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China.
   Polish Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Biophys, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland.
RP Miernyk, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
NR 25
TC 11
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1046-5928
J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF
JI Protein Expr. Purif.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 2
BP 253
EP 258
DI 10.1006/prep.2000.1254
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 330JK
UT WOS:000087958800005
PM 10873538
ER

PT J
AU Moreno, JI
   David, NR
   Miernyk, JA
   Randall, DD
AF Moreno, JI
   David, NR
   Miernyk, JA
   Randall, DD
TI Pisum sativum mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase can be assembled as a
   functional alpha(2)beta(2) heterotetramer in the cytoplasm of Pichia
   pastoris
SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
LA English
DT Article
DE assembly; mitochondrial; phosphorylation; pyruvate dehydrogenase; yeast
ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE;
   SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YEAST MITOCHONDRIA; E1 COMPONENT; IN-VITRO;
   COMPLEX; PROTEIN; IMPORT
AB Pea (Pisum sativum) mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) was produced by coexpression of the mature alpha and beta subunits in the cytoplasm of the yeast Pichia pastoris. Size-exclusion chromatography of recombinant E1, using a Superose 12 column, yielded a peak at M-r 160,000 that contained both alpha and beta subunits as well as E1 activity, This corresponds to the size of native alpha(2)beta(2) E1. Recombinant E1 alpha (His(6))-E1 beta was purified by affinity chromatography using immobilized Ni+, with a yield of 2.8 mg L-1. The pyruvate-decarboxylating activity of recombinant E1 was dependent upon added Mg2+ and thiamin-pyrophosphate and was enhanced by the oxidant potassium ferricyanide, Native pea mitochondrial E1-kinase catalyzed phosphorylation of Ser residues in the alpha-subunit of recombinant E1, with concomitant loss of enzymatic activity. Thus, mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase can be assembled in the cytoplasm of P. pastoris into an alpha(2)beta(2) heterotetramer that is both catalytically active and competent for regulatory phosphorylation. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Randall, DD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
NR 40
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1046-5928
J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF
JI Protein Expr. Purif.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 2
BP 276
EP 283
DI 10.1006/prep.2000.1247
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 330JK
UT WOS:000087958800009
PM 10873542
ER

PT J
AU Mooney, BP
   Henzl, MT
   Miernyk, JA
   Randall, DD
AF Mooney, BP
   Henzl, MT
   Miernyk, JA
   Randall, DD
TI The dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase (BCE2) subunit of the plant
   branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex forms a 24-mer core
   with octagonal symmetry
SO PROTEIN SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Arabidopsis thaliana; dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase; recombinant
   expression; 24-mer cubic core
ID S-ACETYLTRANSFERASE SUBUNIT; IN-VITRO; MULTIENZYME COMPLEX; E2;
   CONSTRUCTION; COMPONENTS; EXPRESSION; DOMAIN; ACIDS
AB Little is known of the plant branched-chain cr-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. We have undertaken a detailed study of the structure of the dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase (BCE2) subunit that forms the core of the complex, to which two other enzymes attach. Mature Arabidopsis thaliana BCE2 was expressed in Escherichia coli. The soluble recombinant protein was purified using a Superose 6 size-exclusion column to >90% homogeneity and was catalytically active. The recombinant protein formed a stable complex with a native molecular mass of 0.95 MDa and an S coefficient of 19.4, consistent with formation of a 24-mar. Negative-staining transmission electron microscopy of the recombinant protein confirmed that BCE2 forms a core with octagonal symmetry. Despite divergence of mammalian and plant BCE2s, there is clearly conservation of structure that is independent of primary sequence.
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Randall, DD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0961-8368
J9 PROTEIN SCI
JI Protein Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 9
IS 7
BP 1334
EP 1339
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 337RU
UT WOS:000088376100008
PM 10933498
ER

PT J
AU Nowak, RS
   Nowak, CL
   Tausch, RJ
AF Nowak, RS
   Nowak, CL
   Tausch, RJ
TI Probability that a fossil absent from a sample is also absent from the
   paleolandscape
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE biostratigraphy; woodrat (Neotoma) middens; paleovegetation; missing
   fossils; Great Basin vegetation
ID GREAT-BASIN; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; LATE-PLEISTOCENE; EXTINCTIONS;
   STABILITY; HOLOCENE; RECORD
AB A procedure to calculate probability limits for the inference that the absence of a taxon from a woodrat (Neotoma) midden implies absence from the paleolandscape uses paired samples of modern vegetation communities and paired samples of paleocommunities. Assumptions are: (1) each member of a sample pair is an independent measure of the same vegetation assemblage; (2) behavioral patterns of woodrats are the same as each midden in a paired sample is constructed; and (3) the probability of fossilization is zero when a taxon is absent from the vegetation. The procedure provides a logical test of data consistency: the upper probability limit of making a false inference should be greater than the lower limit. Averaged over 140 plant taxa, the upper and lower probability limits for a false inference were 11 and 7%, respectively. More than 70% of taxa passed the logical test, indicating a reliable procedure. For many taxa that failed the logical test, four potential explanations account for this failure, two of which can be solved by simply increasing sample sizes. Using analogous assumptions, the procedures are applicable to other types of stratigraphic sampling such as macrofossils from sediment cores or fossils from biostratigraphic units. (C) 2000 University of Washington.
C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
RP Nowak, RS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Mail Stop 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
NR 22
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 54
IS 1
BP 144
EP 154
DI 10.1006/qres.2000.2143
PG 11
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 337TD
UT WOS:000088377000015
ER

PT J
AU Shukitt-Hale, B
   Casadesus, G
   McEwen, JJ
   Rabin, BM
   Joseph, JA
AF Shukitt-Hale, B
   Casadesus, G
   McEwen, JJ
   Rabin, BM
   Joseph, JA
TI Spatial learning and memory deficits induced by exposure to
   iron-56-particle radiation
SO RADIATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; MORRIS WATER MAZE; AGED RATS; COGNITIVE
   PERFORMANCE; ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT; FREE-RADICALS; BRAIN; SYSTEMS;
   MODEL; DYSFUNCTION
AB It has previously been shown that exposing rats to particles of high energy and charge (HZE) disrupts the functioning of the dopaminergic system and behaviors mediated by this system, such as motor performance and an amphetamine-induced conditioned taste aversion; these adverse behavioral and neuronal effects are similar to those seen in aged animals. Because cognition declines with age, spatial learning and memory were assessed in the Morris water maze 1 month after whole-body irradiation with 1.5 Gy of 1 GeV/nucleon high-energy Fe-56 particles, to test the cognitive behavioral consequences of radiation exposure. Irradiated rats demonstrated cognitive impairment compared to the control group as seen in their increased latencies to find the hidden platform, particularly on the reversal day when the platform was moved to the opposite quadrant. Also, the irradiated group used nonspatial strategies during the probe trials (swim with no platform), i.e. less time spent in the platform quadrant, fewer crossings of and less time spent in the previous platform location, and longer latencies to the previous platform location. These findings are similar to those seen in aged rats, suggesting that an increased release of reactive oxygen species may be responsible for the induction of radiation- and age-related cognitive deficits. If these decrements in behavior also occur in humans, they may impair the ability of astronauts to perform critical tasks during long-term space travel beyond the magnetosphere. (C) 2000 by Radiation Research Society.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Room 919, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 40
TC 83
Z9 85
U1 0
U2 3
PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC
PI OAK BROOK
PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA
SN 0033-7587
J9 RADIAT RES
JI Radiat. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 154
IS 1
BP 28
EP 33
DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0028:SLAMDI]2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology,
   Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 328QN
UT WOS:000087861700005
PM 10856962
ER

PT J
AU Shields, FD
   Knight, SS
   Cooper, CM
AF Shields, FD
   Knight, SS
   Cooper, CM
TI Cyclic perturbation of lowland river channels and ecological response
SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE aquatic habitats; cyclic perturbation; ecological integrity; ecological
   response; fish; indicators; lowland rivers
ID WARMWATER STREAMS; AQUATIC HABITATS; FISH COMMUNITIES; MISSISSIPPI;
   REHABILITATION; DEGRADATION; PATTERNS
AB Certain lowland streams have experienced prehistorical and historical cycles of aggradation, occlusion, degradation, headward incision, and renewed aggradation. Historical cycles appear to be related to human activities. A case study is presented of the Yalobusha River in Mississippi with emphasis on the effects of blockage and removal on aquatic habitats and fish. The adjacent Skuna River, which was channelized;and unblocked, was used in space for time substitution to infer effects of blockage removal on the Yalobusha. Variables describing physical aquatic habitat and fish were sampled from three groups of river reaches: unblocked channelized, channelized and blocked, and naturally sinuous. Fish collections were used to compute six indicators of ecological integrity. At baseflow, mean water depths were an order of magnitude lower in the unblocked channelized stream than for the others. In-channel aquatic habitat volume per unit valley length was 5, 85, and 283 m(3)/m for the channelized, blocked channelized, and natural reaches, respectively. Mean values for all six ecological indicators were lowest for the channelized group. Species richness was greatest for the channelized blocked reach. The ecological indicators displayed gradients in response to the range of observed physical conditions. Management of corridors susceptible to the cycle described above should involve a blend of measures designed to conserve higher quality habitats.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.
RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157,598 McElroy Rd, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.
NR 59
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 5
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 0886-9375
J9 REGUL RIVER
JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 16
IS 4
BP 307
EP 325
DI 10.1002/1099-1646(200007/08)16:4<307::AID-RRR582>3.0.CO;2-2
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 340AU
UT WOS:000088511600001
ER

PT J
AU Qi, J
   Kerr, YH
   Moran, MS
   Weltz, M
   Huete, AR
   Sorooshian, S
   Bryant, R
AF Qi, J
   Kerr, YH
   Moran, MS
   Weltz, M
   Huete, AR
   Sorooshian, S
   Bryant, R
TI Leaf area index estimates using remotely sensed data and BRDF models in
   a semiarid region
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID ESTIMATING AGRONOMIC VARIABLES; CANOPY REFLECTANCE MODELS; ADJUSTED
   VEGETATION INDEX; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACE REFLECTANCE;
   HAPEX-SAHEL; SAIL MODEL; INVERSION; ANGLE; PROSPECT
AB The amount and spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation are important information in environmental studies and agricultural practices. There has been a great deal of interest in estimating vegetation parameters and their spatial and temporal extent using remotely sensed imagery. There are primarily two approaches to estimating vegetation parameters such as leaf area index (LAI). The first one is associated with computation of spectral vegetation indices (SVI) from radiometric measurements. This approach uses an empirical or modeled LAI-SVI relation between remotely sensed variables such as SVI and biophysical variables such as LAI. The major limitation of this empirical approach is that there is no single LAI-SVI equation (with a set of coefficients) that can be applied to remote-sensing images of different surface types. The second approach involves using bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models. It inverts a BRDF model with radiometric measurements to estimate LAI wing an optimization procedure. Although this approach has a theoretical basis and is potentially applicable to varying surface types, its primary limitation is the lengthy computation time and difficulty of obtaining the required input parameters by the model. In this study, we present ct strategy that combines BRDF models and conventional LAI-SVI approaches to circumvent these limitations. The proposed strategy runs implemented in three sequential steps. In the first step, a BRDF model was inverted with a limited number of dam points or pixels to produce a training data set consisting of leaf area index and associated pixel values. In the second step, the training data set passed through a quality control procedure to remove outliers from the inversion procedure. In the final step, the training data set was used either to fit an LAI-SVI equation or to train a neural fuzzy system. The best fit equation or the trained fuzzy system was then applied to large-scale remote-sensing imagery to map spatial LAI distribution. This approach was applied to Landsat TM imagery acquired in the semiarid southeast Arizona and AVHRR imagery over the Hapex-Sahel experimental sites near Niamy, Niger. The results were compared with limited ground-based LAI measurements and suggested that the proposed approach produced reasonable estimates of leaf area index over large areas in semiarid regions. This study was not intended to show accuracy improvement of LAI estimation from remotely sensed data. Rather, it provides an alternative that is simple and requires little knowledge of study target and few ground measurements. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 2000.
C1 ARS, USDA, Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ USA.
   CNES, CESBIO, Toulouse, France.
   ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA.
   Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Qi, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008
OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Huete,
   Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376
NR 43
TC 89
Z9 119
U1 3
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 73
IS 1
BP 18
EP 30
DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00113-3
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 330FL
UT WOS:000087952100002
ER

PT J
AU Jakes, PJ
   Anderson, DA
AF Jakes, PJ
   Anderson, DA
TI Introduction: Diverse perspectives on community
SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Jakes, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
NR 2
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0894-1920
J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR
JI Soc. Nat. Resour.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 13
IS 5
BP 395
EP 397
DI 10.1080/089419200403820
PG 3
WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology
GA 335BP
UT WOS:000088222400001
ER

PT J
AU Kruger, LE
   Shannon, MA
AF Kruger, LE
   Shannon, MA
TI Getting to know ourselves and our places through participation in civic
   social assessment
SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management
CY MAY 27-31, 1998
CL COLUMBIA, MISSOURI
DE civic science; community-forest relations; participatory research; sense
   of place; social assessment
ID VALUES
AB Civic science (involving citizens as researchers) expands opportunities for learning among citizens, scientists, and managers. Citizens have knowledge that often is inaccessible using traditional research methods. How we think about places-be they communities, forests, or a forest site-frames and often limits what we can discover. This is especially true when we are interested in learning about the relations between people and places that are important to them. Limiting ourselves to traditional research methods results in incomplete knowledge and limited understanding. This paper reports on a study that used nontraditional research methods to actively involve citizens in a community assessment process. The paper (I) demonstrates that researchers can gain a more complete understanding of social systems using nontraditional methods; (2) illustrates how people can reconnect with their, community and gain a new understanding of themselves and others through engagement in a self-assessment process; and (3) describes one example of civic science used in community assessment.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   SUNY Buffalo, Environm & Soc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
RP Kruger, LE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 4043 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
NR 51
TC 38
Z9 42
U1 3
U2 17
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0894-1920
J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR
JI Soc. Nat. Resour.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 13
IS 5
BP 461
EP 478
DI 10.1080/089419200403866
PG 18
WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology
GA 335BP
UT WOS:000088222400005
ER

PT J
AU McAvoy, L
   Winter, PL
   Outley, CW
   McDonald, D
   Chavez, DJ
AF McAvoy, L
   Winter, PL
   Outley, CW
   McDonald, D
   Chavez, DJ
TI Conducting research with communities of color
SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management
CY MAY-JUN -, 1998
CL COLUMBIA, MO
DE African Americans; American Indians; diversity; ethnicity; Hispanic
   Americans; race; research methods
ID ETHNICITY; ENVIRONMENT; POPULATIONS; SCHOLARS; LEISURE; RACE
AB This article presents the major challenges facing those who want to address the issues of race and ethnicity through research with communities of color; general methodological recommendations appropriate to many communities of color; and, specific research method recommendations for African American, American Indian, and Hispanic American communities.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Div Recreat Pk & Leisure Studies, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA.
   Malaspina Univ Coll, Dept First Nation Studies, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
RP McAvoy, L (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Recreat Pk & Leisure Studies, 224 Cooke Hall,1900 Univ Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM mcavo001@tc.umn.edu
NR 46
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0894-1920
J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR
JI Soc. Nat. Resour.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 13
IS 5
BP 479
EP 488
DI 10.1080/089419200403875
PG 10
WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology
GA 335BP
UT WOS:000088222400006
ER

PT J
AU Raish, C
AF Raish, C
TI Environmentalism, the forest service, and the Hispano communities of
   northern New Mexico
SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management
CY MAY 27-31, 1998
CL COLUMBIA, MISSOURI
DE fuel wood and timber harvest; grazing; Hispano communities of northern
   New Mexico; traditional uses; US Forest Service
AB The Hispano communities of northern New Mexico have farmed, ranched, and exploited forest resources since the 1600s. After United States conquest in 1848, much of the common grant land used for subsistence was alienated from the Hispano owners, eventually being managed by the U.S. Forest Service. Thus, continuation of traditional use practices is dependent to a considerable degree upon access to resources on former grant lands that are now federally managed. Increasing federal regulation and environmental litigation impact traditional resource-use practices of Hispano communities, who respond with protests and litigation of their own. This discussion examines causes of land and resource loss within their historical context and also explores the ways in which local communities are attempting to maintain and regain land and resource access. Concepts derived primarily from sociological theories of colonialism and bureaucracy are used to examine land and resource loss, while the concept of ethnic boundary maintenance is used to explore community response to resource loss.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
RP Raish, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
NR 64
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0894-1920
J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR
JI Soc. Nat. Resour.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 13
IS 5
BP 489
EP 508
DI 10.1080/089419200403884
PG 20
WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology
GA 335BP
UT WOS:000088222400007
ER

PT J
AU Boerner, REJ
   Decker, KLM
   Sutherland, EK
AF Boerner, REJ
   Decker, KLM
   Sutherland, EK
TI Prescribed burning effects on soil enzyme activity in a southern Ohio
   hardwood forest: a landscape-scale analysis
SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE fire; landscape; acid phosphatase; beta-glucosidase; chitinase; phenol
   oxidase
ID OAK-HICKORY FOREST; WOOD DECOMPOSITION; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; PATTERNS;
   ECOSYSTEMS; BIOMASS
AB We assessed the effect of a single, dormant season prescribed fire on soil enzyme activity in oak-hickory (Quercus-Carya) forests in southern Ohio, USA. Four enzymes specific for different C sources were chosen for monitoring: acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, chitinase and phenol oxidase. Postfire acid phosphatase activity was generally reduced by burning and decreased with increasing longterm soil water potential. Postfire beta-glucosidase differed little between control and burned plots. Chitinase activity increased after fire in proportion to fire intensity. Phenol oxidase activity was highly variable and did not correlate well with either fire or soil water potential. Enzyme activities tended to vary more between samples taken upslope vs. downslope of a given tree than as the result of fire or landscape position. Overall enzymes whose activities are controlled by microclimatic or edaphic factors were affected more than those controlled primarily by substrate availability. Single, dormant season fires may consume a large proportion of the forest floor and change the apparent character of the surface organic matter complex without having major effects on soil enzyme activity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
RP Boerner, REJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RI Decker, Kelly/J-1831-2012
NR 32
TC 64
Z9 73
U1 1
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-0717
J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM
JI Soil Biol. Biochem.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 7
BP 899
EP 908
DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00208-4
PG 10
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 333ZR
UT WOS:000088161100002
ER

PT J
AU Staley, TE
   Voigt, PW
AF Staley, TE
   Voigt, PW
TI Methodological considerations for elucidating low-level liming effects
   on white clover symbiosis establishment in an acidic soil model system
SO SOIL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Trifolium repens L.; Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii; soil pH;
   calcium; aluminum; soil solution; roots; survival
ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NODULATION
AB Because acidic soils limit the establishment, growth, and persistence of forage legumes, new information about symbiotic development in these soils, particularly during the early stages, will likely contribute to the solution of this worldwide problem. A previously described laboratory model system (Staley, T. E. and D. R. Morris. 1998. Soil Sci. 163: 230-240) using an acidic (pH, 4.62), fresh Ultisol showed the ability to discern enhancement of growth and nodulation of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) as early as 3 weeks after planting, even when limed to only py, 4.83. We now report on the reproducibility of soil chemical alterations and plant and nodule responses using the identical system with soil collected from the same field plot about 1 year later. The effects of low-level liming rates (pH, 4.54-4.94) and rhizobial (Rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii) inoculation levels (50-5000 CFU g(-1) dry soil), of both fresh and re-wet soil on earlier (2 weeks) and later (4 weeks) growth and nodulation of Huia white clover were determined. Plant parameters (shoot mass, shoot N uptake, and root mass) were generally unaffected by liming at any of the inoculation levels at Cut 1 (2 weeks) in both soils, whereas most of these parameters were positively affected by liming at all inoculation levels at Cut 2 (4 weeks), especially in the fresh soil. Positive lime rate effects on nodulation were found at both cuts in both soils, but almost exclusively at the highest inoculation level. Thus, the interactive effects of liming and rhizobial population on nodulation were demonstrated, at 2 weeks, before significant Nz;fixation. Growth rates of asymbiotically grown roots, determined by short-term (hours) assays in soil-over-agar, paralleled the root mass responses to liming in the soil model system. Rhizobial viability, assessed in soil solutions extracted from the limed soils, decreased from about 10(7) to 10(6) CFU mL(-1) in 21 h. These results suggest that although seedling root growth and likely rhizobial viability are compromised within hours after planting and inoculation by soil acidity-related chemical factors, maintenance of a threshold level of viable rhizobia can lead to improved nodulation of white clover even at very low soil pH values.
C1 ARS, USDA, NAA, Appalachian Faming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA.
RP Staley, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NAA, Appalachian Faming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA.
EM tstaley@afsrc.ars.usda.gov
NR 21
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0038-075X
J9 SOIL SCI
JI Soil Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 165
IS 7
BP 567
EP 577
DI 10.1097/00010694-200007000-00005
PG 11
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 341CZ
UT WOS:000088574600005
ER

PT J
AU Pachepsky, Y
   Benson, D
   Rawls, W
AF Pachepsky, Y
   Benson, D
   Rawls, W
TI Simulating scale-dependent solute transport in soils with the fractional
   advective-dispersive equation
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODEL; POROUS-MEDIA; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SIZE
   DISTRIBUTIONS; UNSATURATED SOIL; MASS-TRANSFER; RANDOM-WALKS; CLAY SOIL;
   FIELD; FRACTALS
AB Solute dispersivity defined from the classical advective-dispersive equation (ADE) was found to increase as the length of a soil column or the soil depth increased, The heterogeneity of soil is a physical reason for this scale dependence. Such transport can be described assuming that the random movement of solute particles belongs to the family of so-called Levy motions. Recently a differential solute transport equation was derived for Levy motions using fractional derivatives to describe advective dispersion. Our objective was to test applicability of the fractional ADE, or FADE, to solute transport in soils and to compare results of FADE and ADE applications. The one-dimensional FADE with symmetrical dispersion included two parameters: the fractional dispersion coefficient and the order of fractional differentiation alpha, 0 < alpha less than or equal to 2. The FADE reduces to the ADE when the parameter alpha = 2. Analytical solutions of the FADE and the ADE were fitted to the data from experiments on Cl- transport in sand, in structured clay soil, and in columns made of soil aggregates, The FADE simulated scale effects and tails on the breakthrough curves (BTCs) better than, or as well as, the ADE. The fractional dispersion coefficient did not depend on the distance. In the clay soil column, the parameter alpha did not change significantly when the flow rate changed provided the degree of saturation changed only slightly. With the FADE, the scale effects are reflected by the order of the fractional derivative, and the fractional dispersion coefficient needs to be found at only one scale.
C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
RP USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 104 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM ypachepsky@hydrolab.arsusda.gov
RI Benson, David/J-2683-2013; 
OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090
NR 68
TC 70
Z9 76
U1 0
U2 8
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
EI 1435-0661
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 4
BP 1234
EP 1243
PG 10
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 356MF
UT WOS:000089446500005
ER

PT J
AU Kung, KJS
   Steenhuis, TS
   Kladivko, EJ
   Gish, TJ
   Bubenzer, G
   Helling, CS
AF Kung, KJS
   Steenhuis, TS
   Kladivko, EJ
   Gish, TJ
   Bubenzer, G
   Helling, CS
TI Impact of preferential flow on the transport of adsorbing and
   non-adsorbing tracers
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID PESTICIDES; SOIL
AB Field experiments were conducted by using a tile drain monitoring facility to determine the impact of preferential flow on the transport of adsorbing and non-adsorbing tracers. Simulated rainfall with 7.5 mm h(-1) intensity and 7.5 h duration was applied to a 18- by 65-m no-till plot. After 72 min of irrigation, a pulse of Br- and rhodamine WT (water tracer) was applied through irrigation, and 4 h later, a second pulse of Cl- and rhodamine WT was applied. The breakthrough curves (BTC) of these tracers were measured by sampling the tile. The same experiments were repeated in an adjacent conventional-till plot, except the rainfall intensity was reduced to 5 mm h(-1). The results showed that both the non-adsorbing and the adsorbing tracers applied in the same pulse arrived at the tile line at the same time and their ETC peaked at the same time. This suggested that water dynamics of preferential now paths dominated the initial phase of the contaminant transport, regardless of the retardation properties of contaminants. The tracers from the second pulse were detected at only 13 min after application. Among the four tracer pulses in two plots, the ETC from the second pulse in the no-till plot had the longest period in which the non-adsorbing and adsorbing tracers had identical patterns. This indicated that the wetter the soil profile, the longer the water dynamics of preferential now paths dominate the contaminant transport. The ETC from the second pulse applied to the two plots had identical arrival and peak times.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
   Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Kung, KJS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
NR 15
TC 103
Z9 107
U1 5
U2 31
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 4
BP 1290
EP 1296
PG 7
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 356MF
UT WOS:000089446500011
ER

PT J
AU Kung, KJS
   Kladivko, EJ
   Gish, TJ
   Steenhuis, TS
   Bubenzer, G
   Helling, CS
AF Kung, KJS
   Kladivko, EJ
   Gish, TJ
   Steenhuis, TS
   Bubenzer, G
   Helling, CS
TI Quantifying preferential flow by breakthrough of sequentially applied
   tracers: Silt loam soil
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FUNNEL FLOW; MOVEMENT; WATER;
   SIMULATION; PESTICIDE; LAYERS; MODEL; MEDIA
AB Field experiments were conducted on tile-drained plots at the South East Purdue Agricultural Center in Butlerville, Indiana, to quantify contaminant transport via preferential now paths in a silt loam soil. Breakthrough patterns of three fluorobenzoic acids (pentafluorobenzoic acid [PFBA], o-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid [o-TFMBA], and 2,6-difluorobenzoic acid [2,6-DFBA]) in a preliminary study indicated that they were transported as conservatively as is bromide (Br-). These four tracers were then sequentially applied, in an adjacent plot, during simulated precipitation (3 mm h(-1) intensity, 10-h duration). Bromide was sprayed shortly before irrigation started, while PFBA, o-TEMBA, and 2,6-DFBA were applied at 2, 4, and 6 h thereafter, respectively. Tile flow began increasing at around 3 h, and Br- appeared in tile drain flow approximate to 4 h after irrigation started, yet benzoic acids, PFBA, o-TFMBA, and 2,6-DFBA, were detected in the tile drainage at 102 min, 42 min, and 18 min after their applications, respectively. Tracer mass recovery from tile drainage was Br(7.04%), PFBA (13.9%), o-TFMBA, (18.7%), and 2,6-DFBA (19.7%) of applied mass. The faster arrival time and greater recovery of sequentially applied tracers confirmed that water movement and contaminant transport shifts toward increasingly larger pores of the preferential now paths as soil becomes wet during a precipitation event. The breakthrough patterns of these tracers can be used to quantify the water flux distributions of preferential paths. Because approximate to 90% of the chemical leached from this precipitation event occurred during the first day, it was critical to intensively monitor contaminant transport during the first 24 h after a rainfall. A soil sampling protocol based on collecting soil cores at random locations once every several days is unsuitable for determining the deep leaching under field conditions.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
   USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Kung, KJS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
NR 22
TC 81
Z9 82
U1 0
U2 19
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 4
BP 1296
EP 1304
PG 9
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 356MF
UT WOS:000089446500012
ER

PT J
AU Goldberg, S
   Lesch, SM
   Suarez, DL
AF Goldberg, S
   Lesch, SM
   Suarez, DL
TI Predicting boron adsorption by soils using soil chemical parameters in
   the constant capacitance model
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLUTION INTERFACE; CLAY-MINERALS; OXIDE; DESORPTION; KAOLINITE;
   SORPTION; ALUMINUM
AB The constant capacitance model, a chemical surface complexation model, was applied to B adsorption on 17 soils selected for variation in soil properties. A general regression model was developed for predicting soil B surface complexation constants from easily measured soil chemical characteristics. These chemical properties were cation-exchange capacity (CEC), surface area, organic carbon content (OC), and inorganic carbon content (IOC). The prediction equations were used to obtain values for B surface complexation constants for 15 additional soils, thereby providing a completely independent evaluation of the ability of the constant capacitance model to fit B adsorption. The model was well able to predict B adsorption on the 15 soils. Incorporation of these prediction equations into chemical speciation-transport models will allow simulation of soil solution B concentrations under diverse environmental and agricultural conditions without the requirement of soil specific adsorption data and subsequent parameter optimization.
C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
NR 27
TC 59
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 15
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 4
BP 1356
EP 1363
PG 8
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 356MF
UT WOS:000089446500019
ER

PT J
AU Young, FJ
   Hammer, RD
AF Young, FJ
   Hammer, RD
TI Soil-landform relationships on a loess-mantled upland landscape in
   Missouri
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER; POSITION; SASKATCHEWAN; TOPOGRAPHY; SYSTEM; CANADA; YIELD
AB Soil survey users are requesting statistically valid distributions of soil attributes that are important for management and land use. The hypothesis that many soil attributes vary predictably with landscape positions was tested with 257 pedons from point transects in a 40-ha upland Missouri setting. The effect of landscape position on the central tendencies of selected soil properties was examined. Most soil properties were similar between ridge and shoulder positions. Differences were minimal within the backslope. Backslopes differed from ridges and shoulders, with more argillic horizon clay, thinner epipedons, and less organic C, lower pH and base saturation, and less silt on a clay-free basis. Color patterns suggest that backslopes are wetter than ridges and shoulders, with more redoximorphic activity and organic matter accumulation on ped faces. Differences among the ridge-shoulder pedons and backslope pedons may be caused by differing hydrologic patterns as a result of interactions between topography and the underlying glacial till.
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Lincoln Univ, NRCS, USDA, Jefferson City, MO USA.
RP Hammer, RD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
NR 45
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 9
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 4
BP 1443
EP 1454
PG 12
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 356MF
UT WOS:000089446500029
ER

PT J
AU D'Amore, DV
   Stewart, SR
   Huddleston, JH
   Glasmann, JR
AF D'Amore, DV
   Stewart, SR
   Huddleston, JH
   Glasmann, JR
TI Stratigraphy and hydrology of the Jackson-Frazier wetland, Oregon
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUNDWATER; SOILS
AB The relationship between wetland soils and hydrology can be better understood by linking soil geomorphological features to the measurement of groundwater depths in the soil. Soil stratigraphic analysis and long-term measurements of soil water levels in piezometers were used at the Jackson-Frazier wetland in western Oregon to investigate the interaction between local geomorphological history and the hydrology of the wetland. Morphological descriptions confirm the presence of a recent smectitic alluvial deposit (80-180 cm) overlying Malpass clay (approximate to 35 cm thick), which overlies Irish Bend Silt. X-ray diffraction and isotope analysis support the conclusion of the presence of the Holocene alluvium and Irish Bend Silt, but are inconclusive regarding the Malpass clay. Piezometer data from 1992 to 1996 show that the smectitic alluvium controls saturation and drying of the wetland surface, and that a separate water table is present below the Malpass clay in the Irish Bend silt, The recent alluvium and Malpass clay act as an aquitard that restricts the vertical infiltration of surface water and helps restrict the groundwater table in the Irish Bend silt deposit. These stratigraphic relationships and associated hydrologic responses provide a means to identify wetlands and predict hydrologic conditions on similar wetland landscapes.
C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
   Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP D'Amore, DV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 4
BP 1535
EP 1543
PG 9
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 356MF
UT WOS:000089446500040
ER

PT J
AU Shogren, RL
   Viswanathan, A
   Felker, F
   Gross, RA
AF Shogren, RL
   Viswanathan, A
   Felker, F
   Gross, RA
TI Distribution of octenyl succinate groups in octenyl succinic anhydride
   modified waxy maize starch
SO STARCH-STARKE
LA English
DT Article
DE starch; starch ester; octenyl succinate; structure
ID POTATO STARCH; GRANULES
AB The location of octenyl succinate groups within octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified waxy maize (WM) starch granules was studied in order to better understand the relationship between the structure and physical properties of OSA starches. OSA starches of D.S. 0.03-0.11 were prepared by reaction between starch, OSA and NaOH in aqueous suspension; the native granular structure of starch was retained after reaction. Backscattered electron imaging of osmium-stained, sectioned OSA starch granules showed a uniform distribution of OSA groups over the cross-section of the granules. Anion-exchange chromatography of OSA starches solubilized in water showed that most of the amylopectin molecules contain some negative charge, suggesting that most of the starch granule is accessible to and reacts with OSA. However, after partial debranching with pullulanase, more of the resulting chains were neutral than would be expected on statistical grounds, suggesting heterogeneity in OSA substitution at the branch level. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that the concentration of OSA groups on the immediate surface of the OSA starch granules was about 3-4 times that of the bulk.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Units, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Units, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.
RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Units, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
OI Viswanathan, Arvind/0000-0001-5620-932X
NR 19
TC 92
Z9 105
U1 0
U2 45
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0038-9056
J9 STARCH-STARKE
JI Starch-Starke
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 52
IS 6-7
BP 196
EP 204
DI 10.1002/1521-379X(200007)52:6/7<196::AID-STAR196>3.0.CO;2-4
PG 9
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 348FL
UT WOS:000088974800003
ER

PT J
AU Benson, JE
   Yaeger, MJ
   Lager, KM
AF Benson, JE
   Yaeger, MJ
   Lager, KM
TI Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
   exposure dose on fetal infection in vaccinated and nonvaccinated swine
SO SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
LA English
DT Article
DE swine; PRRSV; vaccine; exposure dose; reproduction; breeding herd
ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PREGNANT SWINE; CHALLENGE;
   IMMUNITY; GILTS; PIGS
AB Objective: To evaluate the relative susceptibility of vaccinated and nonvaccinated pregnant swine to varied challenge doses of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the potential for increased challenge doses of PRRSV to overcome vaccine-induced immunity.
   Method: Fifteen nonpregnant gilts obtained from a PRRS-free herd were vaccinated twice with a modified-live PRRSV vaccine prior to artificial insemination. At 90 days of gestation, these VACC-CHAL gilts and 16 pregnant, nonvaccinated CHAL sows were randomly allotted to one of four experimental groups: a control group that received a sham inoculation, or to groups that received a "low" (10(2) CCID50), "middle" (10(4) CCID50), or "high" (10(6) CCID50) dose of an intramuscular challenge of the NADC-8 PRRSV strain.
   Results: The number of infected litters in all dosage groups was significantly higher (P<.001) among CHAL females compared to VACC-CHAL females. Dead fetuses and viremia were observed in all litters in the low- and middle-dose groups, and in three of four litters in the high-dose group in the CHAL females; and in no low-dose litters, one oft-we middle-dose litters, and one of four high-dose litters in the VACC-CHAL females. No fetal death or viremia was identified in control groups. Among infected litters, no significant difference in the percentage of infected fetuses per litter was observed regardless of vaccination status or challenge virus dose. The number of litters with fetal death and infection was significantly lower in the low-dose VACC-CHAL group when compared to the low-dose CHAL group (P<.01), but no significant difference was demonstrated between the two medium or two high dose groups.
   Implications: Vaccine-induced protective immunity appeared to protect eight of 10 litters from reproductive failure, but may be overcome with increased (greater than or equal to 10(4) CCID50) doses of challenge virus. The lowest PRRSV exposure dose (102 CCID50) tested in this study caused reproductive failure in naive, unvaccinated animals. The percentage of infected fetuses per litter observed suggests that multiple fetuses/weakborn pigs should be sampled to ensure that infected animals are represented. Sampling dead or autolyzed fetuses is generally diagnostically unrewarding for PRRSV infection.
C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Benson, JE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NR 18
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC SWINE PRACTITIONERS
PI PERRY
PA 902 1ST STREET, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA
SN 1066-4963
J9 SWINE HEALTH PROD
JI Swine Health Prod.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 8
IS 4
BP 155
EP 160
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 327RD
UT WOS:000087805800004
ER

PT J
AU Jensen, AS
   Holman, J
AF Jensen, AS
   Holman, J
TI Macrosiphum on ferns: taxonomy, biology and evolution, including the
   description of three new species (Hemiptera : Aphididae)
SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INSECT
AB The phytophagous insect fauna of ferns has often been described as depauperate, and some have pointed to the paucity of evidence for adaptive radiation of insect groups feeding specifically on ferns. This paper examines the world's species of fern-specific Macrosiphum aphids and attempts to determine whether fern-feeding is a monophyletically derived trait in Macrosiphum. All sixteen species reported to feed on ferns, including three new species, were included in a cladistic analysis, along with fifteen other Macrosiphum species selected to represent the diversity of the genus, Papulaphis sleesmani (Pepper), because of its similarity to fern-feeding Macrosiphum, and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), which was used as outgroup. The results gave good support for the monophyly of fifteen of the sixteen fern-feeders, and also supported a clade consisting of these fifteen fern-feeders plus Macrosiphum equiseti (Holman), an Equisetum-specific aphid. One species, Macrosiphum lapponicum Shaposhnikov, from northern Russia, was concluded to be unrelated to other fern-feeding Macrosiphum. Whether this species truly feeds on a fern requires confirmation. Taxonomic and biological notes are provided for all fern-feeding Macrosiphum of the world. These include one new combination, Macrosiphum cyatheae (Holman) comb.n., and three new species: Macrosiphum longirostratum sp.n. on Woodsia mollis and Woodsia sp. from Mexico (Michoacan), Macrosiphum miho sp.n. on 'Aspidium' sp. from the U.S.A. (Illinois) and Macrosiphum rebecae sp.n. on Adiantum sp. from Mexico (Michoacan). Keys to apterous and alate viviparae of Macrosiphum living on ferns are given.
C1 ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA.
   Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Entomol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
RP Jensen, AS (reprint author), 714 Sunburst Ct, Moses Lake, WA 98837 USA.
NR 42
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0307-6970
J9 SYST ENTOMOL
JI Syst. Entomol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 25
IS 3
BP 339
EP 372
DI 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00110.x
PG 34
WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology
SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology
GA 330CP
UT WOS:000087945500004
ER

PT J
AU Sawhney, APS
AF Sawhney, APS
TI A novel technique for evaluating the appearance and quality of a cotton
   fabric
SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB The unprinted side of an electronically printed fabric clearly shows almost all the common defects of its constituent fibers, yarns, and even its construction, thereby giving a true picture of the fabric's physical appearance. The defects of the constituents may include immature fiber neps, fiber contamination, yarn nonuniformity and defects, exposure of any noncellulosic synthetic fiber core (such as glass) on the surface of a multicomponent core-wrap-yarn fabric, and construction faults such as thick and thin places, skewness, and broken ends, among others. Based on this discovery, a novel, computerized method of quickly evaluating the appearance and thus the general quality of a cotton or predominantly cotton fabric is suggested. Basically, the method involves: an electronic "solid printing (i.e., continuous printing or so-called "electronic dyeing")of one face or side of a greige or bleached fabric specimen with a precontrolled inkjet of any desired color or shade on a computer printer and an evaluation of the unprinted face of the fabric. The evaluation may be done either by a subjective visual examination of the unprinted side of the fabric or by an objective, pre-programmed image analysis of a computer generated (scanned or videoed) electronic file/copy of the unprinted face. Although most typical defects and faults of a fabric's constituent fibers and yarns, which ultimately determine its appearance and hence its quality, can be easily examined and classified visually, their automatic objective classification is complex and still requires extensive computer programming to establish scientific reliability for different fabrics and color resolutions. However, the new method may be used as an efficient on-line, off-line, or research tool for quickly and subjectively assessing and grading the physical appearance and general quality of a cotton or predominantly cotton fabric.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA.
RP Sawhney, APS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA.
NR 1
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 6
PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST
PI PRINCETON
PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA
SN 0040-5175
J9 TEXT RES J
JI Text. Res. J.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 70
IS 7
BP 563
EP 567
DI 10.1177/004051750007000701
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Textiles
SC Materials Science
GA 329QW
UT WOS:000087920100001
ER

PT J
AU Schmidt, A
   Doudrick, RL
   Heslop-Harrison, JS
   Schmidt, T
AF Schmidt, A
   Doudrick, RL
   Heslop-Harrison, JS
   Schmidt, T
TI The contribution of short repeats of low sequence complexity to large
   conifer genomes
SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Pinus; gymnosperms; simple sequence repeats; microsatellites;
   minisatellites; telomere
ID REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; ELLIOTTII VAR ELLIOTTII; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA;
   PHYSICAL ORGANIZATION; PINUS; MICROSATELLITES; KARYOTYPE; ABUNDANCE;
   MINISATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION
AB The abundance and genomic organization of six simple sequence repeats, consisting of di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide sequence motifs, and a minisatellite repeat have been analyzed in different gymnosperms by Southern hybridization. Within the gymnosperm genomes investigated, the abundance and genomic organization of micro- and minisatellite repeats largely follows taxonomic groupings. We found that only particular simple sequence repeat motifs are amplified in gymnosperm genomes, while others such as (CAC)(5) and (GACA)(4) are present in only low copy numbers. The variation in abundance of simple sequence motifs reflects a similar situation to that found in angiosperms. Species of the two- and three-needle pine section Pinus are relatively conserved and can be distinguished from Pinus strobus which belongs to the five-needle pine section Strobus. The hybridization pattern of Picea species, bald cypress and gingko were different from the patterns detected in the Pinus species. Furthermore, sequences with homology to the plant telomeric repeat (TTTAGGG)(n) have been analyzed in the same set of gymnosperms. Telomere-like repeats are highly amplified within two- and three-needle pine genomes, such as slash pine (Pinus elliotfii Engelm. var. elliottii), compared to P. strobus, Picea species, bald cypress and gingko. P. elliotfii var. elliottii was used as a representative species to investigate the chromosomal organization of telomere-like sequences by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The telomere-like sequences are not restricted to the ends of chromosomes; they form large intercalary and pericentric blocks showing that they are a repeated component of the slash pine genome. Conifers have genomes larger than 20 000 Mbp, and our results clearly demonstrate that repeats of low sequence complexity, such to (CA)(8), (CA)(8,) (GGAT)(4) and (GATA)(4), and minisatellite- and telomere-like sequences represent a large fraction of the repetitive DNA of these species. The striking differences in abundance and genome organization of the various repeat motifs suggest that these repetitive sequences evolved differently in the gymnosperm genomes investigated.
C1 Inst Crop Sci & Plant Breeding, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
   US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA.
   John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Dept Cell Biol, Karyobiol Grp, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England.
RP Schmidt, A (reprint author), Inst Crop Sci & Plant Breeding, Olshausenstr 40, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
EM kamm@plantbreeding.uni-kiel.de
RI Heslop-Harrison, JS/C-9207-2009
OI Heslop-Harrison, JS/0000-0002-3105-2167
NR 38
TC 41
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0040-5752
J9 THEOR APPL GENET
JI Theor. Appl. Genet.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 101
IS 1-2
BP 7
EP 14
DI 10.1007/s001220051442
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity
GA 338DX
UT WOS:000088403800002
ER

PT J
AU Mengistu, LW
   Mueller-Warrant, GW
   Barker, RE
AF Mengistu, LW
   Mueller-Warrant, GW
   Barker, RE
TI Genetic diversity of Poa annua in western Oregon grass seed crops
SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Poa annua L.; genetic diversity; RAPD; turfgrass weeds; selection
   pressure; analysis of molecular variance; AMOVA; POPGENE
ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; POPULATIONS; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; WEEDS; PCR
AB genetic diversity of Poa annua L. populations collected from western Oregon grass-seed fields was surveyed using 18 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Markers from 1357 individual plants from 47 populations collected at three sampling dates (fall, winter, and spring) for 16 sites were used to measure genetic diversity within and among populations. Site histories varied from low to high herbicide selection pressure, and some sites were subdivided by 3 years of differing post-harvest residue management. Gene diversity statistics, simple frequency of haplotype occurrence, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed the presence of significant variability in P. annua among sites, among collection dates within sites, and within collection dates. Nei gene-diversity statistics and population-differenriation parameters indicated that P. annua populations were highly diverse. Mean Nei gene diversity (h) for all 47 populations was 0.241 and total diversity (HT) was 0.245. A greater proportion of this diversity, however, was within (H-S=0.209) rather than among (G(sr)=0.146) populations. When populations were grouped by season of collection, within-group diversity was H-S=0.241, while among-group diversity was G(sr)=0.017. When populations were grouped by site, within-group diversity was Hs=0.224, while among-group diversity was G(sr)=0.087. The diversity among populations within season for fall, winter, and spring collections was G(sr)=0.121, 0.142, and 0.133, respectively. Populations collected from fields with histories of high herbicide selection pressure showed low differentiation among collection dates, with G(sr) as low as 0.016, whereas those collected from fields with low herbicide selection pressure showed greater differentiation among collection dates, with GS, as high as 0.125. At high selection-pressure sites, populations were also lower in gene diversity las low as h=0.155), while at low selection-pressure sites there was higher gene diversity las high as h=0.286). The site to site variability was greater For the high selection-pressure sites (G(sr)=0.107 or 69% of the total among-population variance), while the season of germination variability was greater at sites of low herbicide-selection pressure (G(sr)=0.067, or 70% of the total among-population variance). High initial diversity coupled with a long-term re-supply of genotypes from the seed bank must have been factors in maintaining the genetic diversity of this weed despite the intensive use of herbicides. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of Willamette Valley P. annua should help in formulating more effective strategies for managing this weed.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   Oregon State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.
RP Mueller-Warrant, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
NR 33
TC 31
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0040-5752
J9 THEOR APPL GENET
JI Theor. Appl. Genet.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 101
IS 1-2
BP 70
EP 79
DI 10.1007/s001220051451
PG 10
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity
GA 338DX
UT WOS:000088403800011
ER

PT J
AU Amand, PCS
   Skinner, DZ
   Peaden, RN
AF Amand, PCS
   Skinner, DZ
   Peaden, RN
TI Risk of alfalfa transgene dissemination and scale-dependent effects
SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE escaped plants; gene flow; pollen dissemination; Medicago sativa L.;
   Megachile spp.
ID POLLEN DISPERSAL; FIELD TRIALS; GENE FLOW; SEQUENCE; HYBRIDIZATION;
   RESISTANCE; ALIGNMENT; PCR
AB Pollen can function as a vehicle to disseminate introduced, genetically engineered genes throughout a plant population or into a related species. The measurement of the risk of inadvertent dispersal of transgenes must include the assessment of accidental dispersion of pollen. Factors to be considered include the rate of pollen spread, the maximal dispersion distance of pollen, and the spatial dynamics of pollen movement within seed production fields; none of which are known for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), an insect-pollinated crop species. Using a rare, naturally occurring molecular marker, alfalfa pollen movement was tracked from seed and hay production fields. Results indicated that leafcutter bees ((Megachile spp.) used in commercial seed production show a directional, non-random bias when pollinating within fields, primarily resulting in the movement of pollen directly towards and away from the bee domicile. Within-field pollen movement was detected only over distances of 4 m or less. Dispersal of pollen from alfalfa hay and seed production fields occurs at distances up to 1000 m. By examining widely dispersed, individual escaped alfalfa plants and their progeny using RAPD markers, gene movement among escaped alfalfa plants has been confirmed for distances up to 230 m. The outcrossing frequency for large fields was nearly 10-times greater than that of research-sized plots. A minimum isolation distance of 1557 m may be required to prevent gene flow in alfalfa. Data suggest that complete containment of transgenes within alfalfa seed or hay production fields would be highly unlikely using current production practices.
C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   USDA ARS, Irrigated Agr Res Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA.
RP Amand, PCS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0040-5752
J9 THEOR APPL GENET
JI Theor. Appl. Genet.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 101
IS 1-2
BP 107
EP 114
DI 10.1007/s001220051457
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity
GA 338DX
UT WOS:000088403800017
ER

PT J
AU Diwan, N
   Bouton, JH
   Kochert, G
   Cregan, PB
AF Diwan, N
   Bouton, JH
   Kochert, G
   Cregan, PB
TI Mapping of simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers in diploid and
   tetraploid alfalfa
SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Medicago sativa; autotetraploid linkage map; microsatellites SSR;
   inbreeding depression; single dose allele (SDA) analysis
ID LINKAGE MAP; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC-MAP; RFLP; GENOME
AB Cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an autotetraploid. However, all three existing alfalfa genetic maps resulted from crosses of diploid alfalfa. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the use of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) DNA markers for mapping in diploid and tetraploid alfalfa. Ten SSR markers were incorporated into an existing F-2 diploid alfalfa RFLP map and also mapped in an F-2 tetraploid population. The tetraploid population had two to four alleles in each of the loci examined. The segregation of these alleles in the tetraploid mapping population generally was clear and easy to interpret. Because of the complexity of tetrasomic linkage analysis and a lack of computer software to accommodate it, linkage relationships at the tetraploid level were determined using a single-dose allele (SDA) analysis, where the presence or absence of each allele was scored independently of the other alleles at the same locus. The SDA diploid map was also constructed to compare mapping using SDA to the standard co-dominant method. Linkage groups were generally conserved among the tetraploid and the two diploid linkage maps, except for segments where severe segregation distortion was present. Segregation distortion, which was present in both tetraploid and diploid populations, probably resulted from inbreeding depression. The ease of analysis together with the abundance of SSR loci in the alfalfa genome indicated that SSR markers should be a useful tool for mapping tetraploid alfalfa.
C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Agron, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Bldg 006,Rm 100,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 21
TC 62
Z9 76
U1 1
U2 11
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0040-5752
J9 THEOR APPL GENET
JI Theor. Appl. Genet.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 101
IS 1-2
BP 165
EP 172
DI 10.1007/s001220051465
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity
GA 338DX
UT WOS:000088403800025
ER

PT J
AU Marquez-Cedillo, LA
   Hayes, PM
   Jones, BL
   Kleinhofs, A
   Legge, WG
   Rossnagel, BG
   Sato, K
   Ullrich, E
   Wesenberg, DM
AF Marquez-Cedillo, LA
   Hayes, PM
   Jones, BL
   Kleinhofs, A
   Legge, WG
   Rossnagel, BG
   Sato, K
   Ullrich, E
   Wesenberg, DM
CA N Amer Barley
TI QTL analysis of malting quality in barley based on the doubled-haploid
   progeny of two elite North American varieties representing different
   germplasm groups
SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hordeum vulgare; two-rowed; six-rowed; quality traits; quantitative
   trait loci
ID 2-ROW BARLEY; CROSS; REGIONS; GENOME; GRAIN
AB Characterization of the determinants of economically important phenotypes showing complex inheritance should lead to the more effective use of genetic resources. This study was conducted to determine the number, genome location and effects of QTLs determining malting quality in the two North American barley quality standards. Using a doubled-haploid population of 140 lines from the cross of HarringtonxMorex, malting quality phenotype data sets from eight environments, and a 107-marker linkage map, QTL analyses were performed using simple interval mapping and simplified composite interval mapping procedures. Seventeen QTLs were associated with seven grain and malting quality traits (percentage of plump kernels, test weight, grain protein percentage, soluble/total protein ratio, alpha-amylase activity, diastatic power and malt-extract percentage). QTLs for multiple traits were coincident. The loci controlling inflorescence type [vrs1 on chromosome 2(2H) and int-c on chromosome 4(4H)] were coincident with QTLs affecting all traits except malt-extract percentage. The largest effect QTLs, for the percentage of plump kernels, test weight protein percentage, S/T ratio and diastatic power, were coincident with the vrs1 locus. QTL analyses were conducted separately for each sub-population (six-rowed and two-rowed). Eleven new QTLs were detected in the subpopulations. There were significant interactions between the vrs1 and int-c loci for grain-protein percentage and S/T protein ratio. Results suggest that this mating of two different germplasm groups caused a disruption of the balance of traits. Information on the number, position and effects of QTLs determining components of malting quality may be useful for maintaining specific allele configurations that determine target quality profiles.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
   Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   Agr & Agri Food Canada, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada.
   Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
   Okayama Univ, Bioresources Res Inst, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan.
   Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA.
RP Hayes, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
NR 23
TC 92
Z9 100
U1 1
U2 27
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0040-5752
J9 THEOR APPL GENET
JI Theor. Appl. Genet.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 101
IS 1-2
BP 173
EP 184
DI 10.1007/s001220051466
PG 12
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity
GA 338DX
UT WOS:000088403800026
ER

PT J
AU Al-Mahasneh, MA
   Colvin, TS
AF Al-Mahasneh, MA
   Colvin, TS
TI Verification of yield monitor performance for on-the-go measurement of
   yield with an in-board electronic scale
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE yield monitor; yield mapping; scale system; summary weight
AB A commercial combine equipped with a yield monitor and Global Positioning System (DGPS) was constructed to include a weighing system in the clean grain tank. The scale was able to output its current readings two times per second to a data-logger The reading from the yield monitor and the scale could be matched to check the accuracy of the yield monitor summary as well as the individual (1 s) readings. Harvest data from fields of corn and oats were collected using this system. Data from both the scale and yield monitor were analyzed to verify the accuracy of the yield monitor The scale was verified to be accurate by calibration. Results showed that the yield monitor has two data processing streams; one gives the individual weights (I s interval weights) and the other gives the summary weights (total load weights). The results showed that these two streams are slightly different. Further analysis was conducted to understand these differences. The results showed an increase in the yield monitor accuracy with the harvest strip length. Data collected in 1997 were more accurate than data collected in 1996. It was concluded that improvement was primarily due to the updated yield monitor system (ver. 6.02 CJC).
C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, Ames, IA USA.
RP Al-Mahasneh, MA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
OI , majdi/0000-0002-7477-7512
NR 6
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 801
EP 807
PG 7
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700003
ER

PT J
AU Gillum, MN
   Armijo, CB
AF Gillum, MN
   Armijo, CB
TI Optimizing the frequency of the rotary knife on a roller gin stand
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE roller ginning; Pima cotton; fiber quality; cottonseed quality
AB An experiment was run to determine the optimum frequency of the rotary knife on a roller gin stand. Six treatment levels of rotary knife frequency, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 rpm, were chosen, (The manufacturer's specification for rotary knife frequency on the gin stand tested is 389 rpm.) The factors considered in determining the optimum rate included fiber and cottonseed quality, lint turnout bale value, and ginning rate. There were no significant differences due to treatment with respect to fiber properties. Overall, fiber strength and elongation by the Stelometer averaged 27.8 g/tex and 6.98%, respectively; fiber span length and uniformity by the Fibrograph averaged 3.52 cm (1.38 in.) and 47.5, respectively; and fiber grade, staple, and micronaire by the USDA-AMS Classing office averaged 2.17, 46.8 32nd-in., and 38.1, respectively. These fiber properties are on samples taken from the bale and included two mill-type/air-jet lint cleaners. With the exception of linters content, there were no significant differences due to treatment on the cottonseed properties. Overall, foreign matter content of the cottonseed averaged 2.16%, and cottonseed grade averaged 114. Linters content ranged from 1.67 to 2.88% on the 300 and 900 rpm treatment, respectively. Lint turnout and bale value were not significantly different due to treatment, averaging 35.3% and $438.71 overall. Ginning rate tvas significantly different due to treatment; the highest rate occurred on the 300 rpm treatment and was 350 kg/m/h (1.90 bales/h). Using regression analysis, the optimum rotary knife frequency occurs at 269 rpm. At rotary knife frequencies less than 269 rpm, some of the ginning area on the roller is wasted, and roller damage is possible due to tags that cannot be cleared At rotary knife frequencies greater than 269 rpm, compromises are made between ginning rate, seed cotton carryover; and choke-ups.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Area, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA.
   New Mexico State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
RP Gillum, MN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Area, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA.
NR 10
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 809
EP 817
PG 9
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700004
ER

PT J
AU Bakhsh, A
   Colvin, TS
   Jaynes, DB
   Kanwar, RS
   Tim, US
AF Bakhsh, A
   Colvin, TS
   Jaynes, DB
   Kanwar, RS
   Tim, US
TI Using soil attributes and GIS for interpretation of spatial variability
   in yield
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE precision farming; yield variability; Tilth Index; map overlay
ID FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT; WHEAT YIELD; TILTH INDEX; QUALITY; FIELD;
   NITRATE; CORN
AB Precision farming application requires better understanding of variability in yield patterns in order to determine the cause-effect relationships. This field study was conducted to investigate the relationship between soil attributes and corn (Zea mays L)-soybean (Glycine max L.) yield variability using four years (1995-98) yield data from a 22-ha field located in central Iowa. Corn was grown in this field during 1995, 1996, and 1998, and soybean was grown in 1997. Yield data were collected on nine east-west transects, consisting of 25-yield blocks per transect. To compare yield variability among crops and years, yield data were normalized based on N-fertilizer treatments. The soil attributes of bulk density, cone index, organic matter aggregate uniformity coefficient, and plasticity index were determined from data collected at 42 soil sampling sites in the field. Correlation and stepwise regression analyses over all soil types in the field revealed that Tilth Index, based upon soil attributes, did not show a significant relationship with the yield data for any year and may need modifications. The regression analysis showed a significant relationship of soil attributes to yield data for areas of the field with Harps and Ottosen soils. From a geographic information system (GIS) analysis performed with ARC/INFO, it was concluded that yield may be influenced partly by management practices and partly by topography for Okoboji and Ottosen soils. Map overlay analysis showed that areas of lower yield for corn, at higher elevation, in the vicinity of Ottosen and Okoboji soils were consistent from year to year; whereas, areas of higher yield were variable. From GIS and statistical analyses, it was concluded that interaction of soil type and topography influenced yield variability of this field. These results suggest that map overlay analysis of yield data and soil attributes over longer duration can be a useful approach to delineate subareas within a field for site specific agricultural inputs by defining the appropriate yield classes.
C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA.
RP Bakhsh, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 125B Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NR 36
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 819
EP 828
PG 10
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700005
ER

PT J
AU Walker, SE
   Mitchell, JK
   Hirschi, MC
   Johnsen, KE
AF Walker, SE
   Mitchell, JK
   Hirschi, MC
   Johnsen, KE
TI Sensitivity analysis of the root zone water quality model
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE model sensitivity; nitrate; tile drainage; water quality
AB The long-term goal of this research is to improve tools for predicting water quality in agricultural watersheds with significant sub-surface drainage. Specifically, USDA-ARS' Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was investigated as a tool for predicting the effects of agricultural management practices on nitrate loads in tile drainage in east central (Illinois. Sensitivity of the model was explored to identify, those input parameters with the greatest influence on tile flow, nitrate in tile drainage, and crop yield. Studies were made within the contexts of two hydraulic descriptions of a silty clay loam soil and two crops, corn and soybeans. Simulated tile flow proved to be most sensitive to drain spacing and soil hydraulic properties. In addition to the parameters affecting tile flow tile nitrate-N was also greatly influenced by soil macroporosity. Biomass required to achieve a leaf area index of 1.0 had the greatest impact on crop yield. More information is needed regarding the statistical distributions of the input parameters. If the model is to be used to predict nitrate loads in tile drainage, particular care should be taken in selecting saturated lateral hydraulic conductivity and Brooks-Corey soil properties.
C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   Champaign Cty SWCD, Champaign, IL USA.
   ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Mitchell, JK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, 332-L AESB,1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
NR 19
TC 23
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 841
EP 846
PG 6
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700007
ER

PT J
AU Wanjura, DF
   Upchurch, DR
AF Wanjura, DF
   Upchurch, DR
TI Canopy temperature characterizations of corn and cotton water status
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE irrigation; water stress; infrared thermometry; evapotranspiration
ID INFRARED THERMOMETRY; STRESS; WHEAT
AB Water stress is a major production factor that determines crop yield. Three temperature-based stress indices were tested using corn and cotton grown under different water levels to determine how well these indices correlated with the amount of water applied and crop yield. Corn and cotton were grown in 1997-1998 field experiments using a range of irrigation levels where canopy temperatures (TC) and field weather were continuously measured The water levels in 1997 were WL1-dryland, WL2- 1/3*ET: WL3- 2/3*ET and WL4-1.0*ET where ET was potential evapotranspiration. The water levels used in 1998 were WL3 and WL4 in corn and WL1 and WL4 with cotton. An average ET value of 7 mm d(-1) was used as the 1.0*ET water level of each crop in 1997 and 8 mm d(-1) was applied to corn in 1998. The stress time index (ST) quantifies water stress as the daily summation of time when TC exceeds the crop specific optimum temperatures (28 degrees C for both crops). The theoretical CWSI-T and empirical CWSI-TC, forms of the crop water stress index were used. CWSI-T is a physically based description of the energy-exchange processes that determine the temperature of a crop. CWSI-TC is calculated from measured TC of the crop, a well-watered crop (WL4), and a computed TCmax for a completely water stressed crop. The ST index was calculated for the Midday Daytime, and Entire Day periods, which were determined by threshold levels of net radiation and air temperature. The ST values for the Daytime and Entire Day periods increased as water applied decreased from WL4 to WL1, and were significantly different among water levels. ST values for the Entire Day were higher than during the Daytime period only in 1998. CWSI-T and CWSI-TC values in both years declined as the quantity of water applied increased in both crops. The CWSI value (0.89)for WL1 corn was highest in 1997, which agreed with early senescence from water stress. The CWSI-TC procedure was more accurate than CWSI-T method because it restricted the stress value for well-watered treatment (WL4) to zero, and all values were within the theoretical range of 0 to 1.0. Each water stress index had a unique but common relationship with water applied and yield in both years for cotton, but each year was different for corn. These results demonstrate the usefulness of temperature based indices for characterizing crop stress conditions and their potential for managing irrigation scheduling.
C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA.
RP Wanjura, DF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA.
NR 16
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 867
EP 875
PG 9
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700011
ER

PT J
AU Richardson, CW
AF Richardson, CW
TI Data requirements for estimation of weather generation parameters
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE weather data; weather generation models; weather simulation;
   precipitation; temperature
ID SOLAR-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION
AB Weather generation models ave needed to provide data for various agricultural and water management applications. The parameters required to make weather generation models functional must be derived from actual weather data to ensure that data generated are adequate representations of real weather data at a selected site. This study examined the stability of estimates of weather generation parameters relative to the length of record of actual data from which the parameters were estimated. Stable estimates of the parameters for generating daily temperature were obtained with relatively short records of actual data. Precipitation generation parameters, however required relatively long records to achieve stable estimates. The amount of data required to achieve a specific level of stability also depended on the geographic location and the season of the year In general, at least 10 years of data are needed for estimation of temperature parameters and 20 or more years of data are needed for estimation of precipitation parameters.
C1 ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA.
RP Richardson, CW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA.
NR 12
TC 13
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 877
EP 882
PG 6
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700012
ER

PT J
AU Ma, L
   Ascough, JC
   Ahuja, LR
   Shaffer, MJ
   Hanson, JD
   Rojas, KW
AF Ma, L
   Ascough, JC
   Ahuja, LR
   Shaffer, MJ
   Hanson, JD
   Rojas, KW
TI Root zone water quality model sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo
   simulation
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE RZWQM; modeling sensitivity analysis; Monte Carlo analysis; water
   quality
ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RANGELAND APPLICATIONS; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE;
   TRANSPORT; CORN; RZWQM; PESTICIDES; PARAMETERS; COMPONENT; EROSION
AB Performing a sensitivity analysis for a mathematical simulation model is helpful in identifying kev model parameters and simulation errors resulting from parameter uncertainty. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) has been evaluated for many years, however detailed sensitivity analyses of the model to various agricultural management systems and their representative input parameters are lacking. This study presents results of RZWQM output response sensitivity to selected model input parameters. Baseline values for the parameters were measured for an experiment on a manured corn field in eastern Colorado. Four groups of model input parameters (saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter/nitrogen cycling, plant growth, and irrigation water/manure application rates) were selected and three model output responses (plant nitrogen uptake, silage yield, and nitrate leaching) were used to quantify RZWQM sensitivity to selected model input parameters. A modified Monte Carlo sampling method (Latin Hypercube Sampling) was used to obtain parameter see for model realizations. The model parameter sets were then analyzed separately using linear regression analysis. In general, RZWQM output responses were most sensitive to plant growth input parameters and manure application rates. The plant nitrogen uptake and silage yield model output responses were less sensitive to nitrogen cycling and irrigation rate input parameters than those observed in previous field experiments. This finding may warrant further study on the effects of water and nitrogen stresses on crop growth. Finally, the results showed that model output responses were more sensitive to the average saturated hydraulic conductivity of the entire soil profile than to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of individual soil layers.
C1 ARS, USDA, NPA, GPSRU, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
   ARS, USDA, NPA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND USA.
RP Ascough, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPA, GPSRU, 301 Howes St,POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
NR 39
TC 42
Z9 44
U1 5
U2 15
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 883
EP 895
PG 13
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700013
ER

PT J
AU Schneider, AD
AF Schneider, AD
TI Efficiency and uniformity of the LEPA and spray sprinkler methods: A
   review
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE sprinkler; LEPA; spray; application efficiency; uniformity coefficient;
   runoff; evaporation; drift
ID IRRIGATION SYSTEM; WATER; EVAPORATION; RUNOFF
AB Application efficiencies and uniformity coefficients reported for the low energy precision application (LEPA) and spray sprinkler irrigation methods are reviewed and summarized. The relative sizes of the water loss pathways for the two sprinkler methods are also summarized. With negligible runoff and deep percolation, reported application efficiencies for LEPA are typically in the 95 to 98% range. Measurements such as chemical tracers, weighing lysimeter catches, and energy balance modeling are believed to be more accurate than small collector measurements for estimating spray application efficiency. Spray application efficiencies based on these other measurements exceed 90% when runoff and deep percolation are negligible. Because of the start and stop nature of mechanical move irrigation systems, uniformity coefficients for LEPA and spray are measured both along the irrigation system mainline and in the direction of travel. Along the mainline, reported uniformity coefficients are generally in the 0.94 to 0.97 range for LEPA and in the 0.75 to 0.85 range for spray. In the direction of travel, the uniformity coefficients are generally in the 0.75 to 0.85 range for LEPA with furrow diking and in the 0.75 to 0.90 range for spray. On start and stop sprinkler systems, basin tillage on a 2 to 4 m spacing is critical for uniform LEPA irrigation because the basins prevent runoff and average the applications during several unequal start and stop times. Runoff is the largest potential water loss pathway for both LEPA and spray irrigation. For the spray method, runoff can exceed either droplet evaporation and drift or nonbeneficial canopy evaporation.
C1 ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA.
RP Schneider, AD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA.
NR 49
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 937
EP 944
PG 8
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700019
ER

PT J
AU Brown-Brandl, TM
   Nienaber, JA
   Turner, LW
   Yen, JT
AF Brown-Brandl, TM
   Nienaber, JA
   Turner, LW
   Yen, JT
TI Manual and thermal induced feed intake restriction on finishing barrows.
   I: Effects on growth, carcass composition, and feeding behavior
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE heat stress; swine; high-lean-growth; fat; protein
ID AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; GROWING-PIGS; PERFORMANCE; SWINE; CONSTANT;
   PATTERNS; LEVEL; HOT
AB A study was completed on the effects of heat stress on growth, carcass composition, and feeding behavior of finishing barrows without the compounding effect of a reduced feed intake. Sixty Large White x Landrace barrows (65.2 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments: control, two levels of temperature imposed feed intake restriction (13% HS, 26% HS), and two levels of manual feed intake restriction at thermoneutral (13%TN, 26% TN). Feeding behavior was monitored continuously in the control, 13% HS, and 26% HS treatment groups. Weekly weights and bi-monthly ultrasound backfats were taken. The pigs were slaughtered at a treatment average weight of 107.5 kg. The offal and the left half of the carcass were ground separately and analyzed for protein, fat, water and ash. The 26% HS treatment group was found to have significantly higher fat deposition and lower protein deposition than the 26% TN treatment group (P < 0.05). Ultrasound backfat indicated similar trends in carcass fat and protein differences. Results suggest that high-lean-growth pigs reared in hot environments deposit more fat and less protein than those raised in a thermoneutral environment and fed similar amounts.
C1 ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
   Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA.
RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 987
EP 992
PG 6
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700025
ER

PT J
AU Brown-Brandl, TM
   Nienaber, JA
   Turner, LW
   Yen, JT
AF Brown-Brandl, TM
   Nienaber, JA
   Turner, LW
   Yen, JT
TI Manual and thermal induced feed intake restriction on finishing barrows.
   II: Effects on heat production, activity, and organ weights
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE swine; calorimetry; heat stress; high-lean growth; energetics
ID PIGS; SWINE
AB A Study was designed to investigate the bioenergetic differences in two types of feeding restriction in order to evaluate the additional effects of heat stress beyond a reduction in feed intake. Sixty Large White x Landrace barrows (65.2 +/- 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments: control, two levels of heat stress (HS) imposed feeding restriction (13% HS, 26% HS), and two levels of manual feed restriction at thermoneutral (13% TN, 26% TN). Three measurements of heat production and activity (standing, lying, eating) were made during the trial. The pigs were slaughtered at an average treatment weight of 107.5 kg. ALL organs were collected and weighed. Heat production (P < 0.0001) and activity (P < 0.05) were significantly different for the different treatments. The thermoneutral treatments (control, 13% TN, and 26% TN) had the highest heat production values. These treatment groups also spent significantly less time lying than the heat stress treatment groups (P < 0.05). The 13% TN and 26% TN pigs tended to spend more time standing (P < 0.10) than the respective HS treatments. Although individual organ weights differed among treatment, total metabolically active organ weights were similar between types of restriction, indicating similar maintenance requirements. It was concluded that activity accounted for most of the difference between the 13% HS and 13% TN groups, while activity and composition accounted for the difference between the 26% HS and 26% TN groups.
C1 ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
   Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA.
RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
NR 21
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 4
BP 993
EP 997
PG 5
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 358ZU
UT WOS:000089587700026
ER

PT J
AU Goff, JP
AF Goff, JP
TI Pathophysiology of calcium and phosphorus disorders
SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE
LA English
DT Article
ID BOVINE PARTURIENT PARESIS; ACID-BASE STATUS; VITAMIN-D METABOLISM;
   DAIRY-COWS; MILK FEVER; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; MAGNESIUM-DEFICIENCY;
   AMMONIUM-CHLORIDE; DIETARY CALCIUM; ANIONIC SALTS
AB Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia are relatively common in periparturient cows. This article reviews the etiologic factors that contribute to the development of these conditions. The physiologic role of magnesium in calcium homeostasis and the physiologic effect of dietary cation-anion difference at the cellular level are discussed in depth. A theory to explain the development of periparturient hypophosphatemia is developed.
C1 ARS, Periparturient Dis Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Goff, JP (reprint author), ARS, Periparturient Dis Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
NR 69
TC 110
Z9 114
U1 5
U2 29
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
   19106-3399 USA
SN 0749-0720
J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A
JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 16
IS 2
BP 319
EP +
PG 20
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 337UJ
UT WOS:000088379800008
PM 11022343
ER

PT J
AU Matise, I
   Sirinarumitr, T
   Bosworth, BT
   Moon, HW
AF Matise, I
   Sirinarumitr, T
   Bosworth, BT
   Moon, HW
TI Vascular ultrastructure and DNA fragmentation in swine infected with
   shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE apoptosis; edema disease; electron microscopy; Shiga toxin; swine;
   TUNEL; vascular necrosis; vascular ultrastructure
ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS INVITRO;
   TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; EDEMA DISEASE; VEROTOXIN 2E; IN-VITRO; PIGS;
   APOPTOSIS; BINDING; PATHOGENESIS
AB Shiga toxins (Stx) produced by Escherichia coli cause systemic vascular damage that manifests as edema disease in swine and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. In vitro, Stx inhibit protein synthesis and, depending on circumstances, induce necrosis, apoptosis, or both. The mechanism of in vivo Stx-mediated vascular damage is not known. The ability of Stx to cause apoptosis of vasculature in vivo was studied in pigs with edema disease that was produced by oral inoculation with Stx-producing E. coli. Arterioles of ileum and brain were evaluated by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay for DNA fragmentation in myocytes (10 infected pigs, 5 control pigs) and by transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural changes characteristic of apoptosis (17 infected pigs, 8 control pigs). In comparison with controls, increased numbers of TUNEL-positive arterioles were detected in 6/10 (60%) subclinically affected pigs 14-15 days after inoculation. Ultrastructurally, lesions in myocytes consisted of lysis (necrosis), with cytoplasmic debris and nuclear fragments contained between intact basement membranes. Endothelial cell changes ranged from acute swelling to necrosis and detachment from basement membrane. Subclinically affected pigs (n = 14) tended to have changes predominantly in myocytes, whereas pigs with clinical illness (n = 3) more commonly had changes in endothelial cells. The arteriolar lesions and clinical signs of edema disease are attributed to the effects of Stx on vasculature. Therefore, our findings suggest that the Stx-induced arteriolar lesions seen in this study were primarily necrotic, not apoptotic. Ne suspect that necrosis was the principal cause of the DNA fragmentation detected.
C1 Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Matise, I (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, 1802 Elwood Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI41328]
NR 48
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0300-9858
EI 1544-2217
J9 VET PATHOL
JI Vet. Pathol.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 37
IS 4
BP 318
EP 327
DI 10.1354/vp.37-4-318
PG 10
WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 331BF
UT WOS:000087996900005
PM 10896393
ER

PT J
AU Or, D
   Leij, FJ
   Snyder, V
   Ghezzehei, TA
AF Or, D
   Leij, FJ
   Snyder, V
   Ghezzehei, TA
TI Stochastic model for posttillage soil pore space evolution
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WATER RETENTION; COMPACTION;
   TRANSPORT; LIQUID
AB Tillage operations disrupt surface layers of agricultural soils, creating a loosened structure with a substantial proportion of interaggregate porosity that enhances liquid and gaseous exchange properties favorable for plant growth. Unfortunately, such desirable soil tilth is structurally unstable and is susceptible to change by subsequent wetting and drying processes and other mechanical stresses that reduce total porosity and modify pore size distribution (PSD). Ability to model posttillage dynamics of soil pore space and concurrent changes in hydraulic properties is important for realistic predictions of transport processes through this surface layer. We propose a stochastic modeling framework that couples the probabilistic nature of pore space distributions with physically based soil deformation models using the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) formalism. Three important features of soil pore space evolution are addressed: (1) reduction of the total porosity, (2) reduction of mean pore radius, and (3) changes in the variance of the PSD. The proposed framework may be used to provide input to hydrological models concerning temporal variations in near-surface soil hydraulic properties. In a preliminary investigation of this approach we link a previously proposed mechanistic model of soil aggregate coalescence to the stochastic FPE framework to determine the FPE coefficients. An illustrative example is presented which describes changes in interaggregate pore size due to wetting-drying cycles and the resulting effects on dynamics of the soil water characteristic curve and hydraulic conductivity functions.
C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   Agr Res Serv, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
   Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
   Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA.
RP Or, D (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/G-7483-2011; Or, Dani/D-8768-2012
OI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/0000-0002-0287-6212; Or, Dani/0000-0002-3236-2933
NR 46
TC 59
Z9 59
U1 3
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 7
BP 1641
EP 1652
DI 10.1029/2000WR900092
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 329VH
UT WOS:000087928800003
ER

PT J
AU Pelgrum, H
   Schmugge, T
   Rango, A
   Ritchie, J
   Kustas, B
AF Pelgrum, H
   Schmugge, T
   Rango, A
   Ritchie, J
   Kustas, B
TI Length-scale analysis of surface albedo, temperature, and normalized
   difference vegetation index in desert grassland
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVELET
AB The Jornada Experiment on the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico aims at the description of the surface energy balance of a desert grassland ecosystem. A large volume of both field and remote sensing data has been collected from 1995 to 1998. Airborne Daedalus scanner data with a spatial resolution of 4 m have been used to infer the following land surface characteristics: surface temperature, albedo, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). These land surface characteristics can be used as input for land surface models. However, land surface models work with very coarse grid cells of at least 50 X 50 km, in contrast to high-resolution remote sensing data. Also, land surface models are generally based on nonlinear algorithms. Both restrictions lead to scale problems. One apparent question is how to scale up input remote sensing data to the much coarser resolution of the land surface model. The first step is to derive the length scale of the input land surface characteristics. The length scales of the land surface characteristics have been determined with the following two techniques: autocorrelation and wavelet analysis. Within the Jornada Experimental Range, three different sites with different vegetation characteristics were distinguished: grass, shrub, and a transition site with patches of both grass and shrub. The autocorrelation and wavelet analysis showed similar results for the shrub site. For the grass and transition site the wavelet analysis underestimated the length scale of the surface albedo and temperature. The length scale of the surface albedo was 35, 33, and 10 m for grass, transition, and shrub sites, respectively. The length scale of the surface temperature was 31, 20, and 8 m for grass, transition, and shrub sites, respectively. The length scale of the NDVI was 12, 6, and 5 m for grass, transition, and shrub sites, respectively, These small length scales could hamper the use of low-resolution remote sensing data for deriving input data for land surface models.
C1 Winand Staring Ctr Integrated Soil & Water Res, Wageningen, Netherlands.
   ARS, Hydrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Pelgrum, H (reprint author), Estec, Dept Earth Sci, POB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
NR 13
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 7
BP 1757
EP 1765
DI 10.1029/2000WR900028
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 329VH
UT WOS:000087928800013
ER

PT J
AU Bennett, SJ
   Alonso, CV
   Prasad, SN
   Romkens, MJM
AF Bennett, SJ
   Alonso, CV
   Prasad, SN
   Romkens, MJM
TI Experiments on headcut growth and migration in concentrated flows
   typical of upland areas
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID RILL EROSION; KNICKPOINT; MECHANICS; RAINFALL; BEDROCK; RUNOFF; MODEL;
   SOILS
AB Experiments were conducted to examine soil erosion by headcut development and migration in concentrated flows typical of upland areas. In a laboratory channel, packed sandy loam to sandy clay loam soil beds with preformed headcuts were subjected to simulated rain followed by overland flow. The rainfall produced a well-developed surface seal that minimized surface soil detachment. During overland flow, soil erosion occurred exclusively at the headcut, and after a short period of time, a steady state condition was reached where the headcut migrated at a constant rate, the scour hole morphology remained unchanged, and sediment yield remained constant. A fourfold increase in flow discharge resulted in larger scour holes, yet aspect ratio was conserved. A sediment bed was deposited downstream of the migrating headcut, and its slope depended weakly on flow discharge.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.
   Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA.
RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr,POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.
EM bennett@sedlab.olemiss.edu
NR 57
TC 59
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 7
BP 1911
EP 1922
DI 10.1029/2000WR900067
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 329VH
UT WOS:000087928800025
ER

PT J
AU Forcella, F
   Colbach, N
   Kegode, GO
AF Forcella, F
   Colbach, N
   Kegode, GO
TI Estimating seed production of three Setaria species in row crops
SO WEED SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi (L.)
   Beauv. SETFA; yellow foxtail, S. pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. (= S.
   glauca (L.) Beauv.), SETLU; green foxtail, S. viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVI;
   corn, Zea mays L.; seed dispersal; seed rain
ID ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; CORN ZEA-MAYS; GREEN FOXTAIL; GROWTH; VIRIDIS
AB Seed production of weedy species of Setaria in crops of Zea mays and Glycine max was studied for 2 yr in western Minnesota and eastern South Dakota. Viable seed production was curvilinearly related to panicle length. A 100-mm-long panicle of S. pumila, S. faberi, and S. viridis produced 129, 323, and 851 viable seeds, respectively. Values were consistent across years, crops, and herbicide treatments. Frequency distributions of panicle lengths of all panicles within a population closely followed nonlinear Weibull functions and were stable across years and crops but not species or herbicide treatment. Positive skewness of these distributions decreased, and median panicle size (mm) increased, in the following order: S. viridis (41), S. pumila (52), and S. faberi (78). Postemergence herbicides applied at full label rates increased skewness and reduced median panicle size (to II mm) and seed production of S. viridis. Skewness lessens the reliability of using average panicle size as a measure of seed production for the entire population. However, integration of panicle size-frequency and panicle size-fecundity relationships provided estimates of the number of seeds per panicle that were more representative of the population than the statistical average panicle. These estimates were 52, 242, and 246 seeds per panicle for S. pumila, S. viridis, and S. faberi, respectively. Multiplication of these values by panicle densities generated seed production estimates that were similar to actual counts of seeds. Setaria seed production tended to be higher in Z. mays than in G. mau only because of higher plant and panicle densities. Early-maturing panicles tended to be larger than those maturing later, but seed viability generally was stable across maturity times.
C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA.
   INRA, Stn Agron, F-21034 Dijon, France.
   Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Morris, MN 56267 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, W Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA.
RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA.
RI Colbach, Nathalie/C-6677-2014
OI Colbach, Nathalie/0000-0002-3791-037X
NR 16
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 5
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0043-1745
J9 WEED SCI
JI Weed Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 4
BP 436
EP 444
DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0436:ESPOTS]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA 342DJ
UT WOS:000088629700007
ER

PT J
AU Allen, JR
   Johnson, WG
   Smeda, RJ
   Kremer, RJ
AF Allen, JR
   Johnson, WG
   Smeda, RJ
   Kremer, RJ
TI ALS-resistant Helianthus annuus interference in Glycine max
SO WEED SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE glyphosate; Helianthus annuus L. HELAN, common sunflower; Glycine max
   (L.) Merr 'Asgrow 3601', soybean; carrying capacity; weed competition;
   critical weed-free period
AB Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of early-season and early- plus late-season acetolactate synthase-resistant Helianthus annuus interference on Glycine max and H. annuus growth and yield at two sites in Missouri. Helianthus annuus densities of 3 plants m(-2) were established shortly after G, max emergence in all plots except the weed-free check. To study early-season interference, H. annuus were removed with postemergence glyphosate (0.84 kg ae ha(-1)) 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk after planting (WAP) and kept weed-free for the rest of the growing season. Glycine max yields were not different with 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk of early-season interference at either location. To study early- plus late-season interference, H. annuus densities were established at 3 plants m(-2) They were then removed 2, 4, 6, or 8 WAP with glyphosate and subsequently reestablished at the same density within 2 wk after removal by newly emerging and transplanted H. annuus. These H, annuus were allowed to remain in the field for the remainder of the growing season. This provided a weed-free period of approximately 2 wk during the growing season beginning 2, 4, 6, or 8 WAP. Season-long interference and no-interference treatments were also included. Glycine max yields were reduced 47 to 72% with season-long interference. Helianthus annuus vegetative dry matter was approximately 56% lower at Columbia than at Miami. Glycine max yields tended to increase as the weed-free period was delayed into the growing season. Early-season weed-free periods (2 to 4 and 4 to 6 WAP) allowed H. annuus to become re-established before G. max formed a canopy and resulted in larger amounts of H. annuus biomass and seed production as well as G. max yield losses of 15 to 80%. Re-establishment of H. annuus in 6 to 8 WAP and 8 to 10 WAP weed-free treatments generally resulted in the planes surviving for only a few weeks after establishment and not producing seed or reducing G. max yield.
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Johnson, WG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
NR 12
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 1
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0043-1745
J9 WEED SCI
JI Weed Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 4
BP 461
EP 466
DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0461:ARHAII]2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA 342DJ
UT WOS:000088629700010
ER

PT J
AU Reddy, KN
AF Reddy, KN
TI Factors affecting toxicity, absorption, and translocation of glyphosate
   in redvine (Brunnichia ovata)
SO WEED TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE rainfastness; regrowth; temperature; uptake; BRVCI
ID MULTIPLE
AB Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments were conducted to study glyphosate efficacy, rainfastness, absorption, and translocation in redvine. Glyphosate at 0, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 kg ai/ha was applied to redvine plants raised from rootstocks at the five- to seven-leaf stage (about 25 cm tall). Redvine control ranged from 55% at 0.56 kg/ha glyphosate to 98% at 4.48 kg/ha. Glyphosate at rates above 1.12 kg/ha, greatly reduced regrowth from rootstocks of treated plants. A simulated rainfall of 2.5 cm (7.5 cm/h intensity) within 24 h of glyphosate application reduced efficacy by 23% compared with no simulated rainfall. Absorption of C-14-glyphosate in redvine increased from 1.8 to 21.9%, and translocation increased from 0.1 to 8.1% from 6 to 192 h after application, respectively. Translocation was both acropetal and basipetal, and by 96 h of exposure, the C-14 radioactivity was widely distributed throughout the plant. Absorption and translocation was greatly affected by posttreatment temperature. Absorption and translocation were highest (34.9 and 10.6%, respectively) in plants maintained at 35/30 C (14/10 h, day/night), followed by 15/10 C (21.2 and 4.9%, respectively), and was lowest (7.8 and 1.6%, respectively) in plants maintained at 25/20 C. Results suggest that longer periods of leaf exposure to the herbicide and high temperatures could increase glyphosate absorption, translocation to redvine rootstocks, and subsequent control. These data also suggest that effective control of redvine in the held will require glyphosate rates higher than those recommended for use in glyphosate-resistant crops.
C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
NR 18
TC 22
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 7
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0890-037X
J9 WEED TECHNOL
JI Weed Technol.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2000
VL 14
IS 3
BP 457
EP 462
DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0457:FATAAT]2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA 397JY
UT WOS:000166693600001
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, WC
   Mullinix, BG
AF Johnson, WC
   Mullinix, BG
TI Evaluation of tillage implements for stale seedbed tillage in peanut
   (Arachis hypogaea)
SO WEED TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE cultural weed control; groundnut
ID WEED-CONTROL; GLYCINE-MAX; SOIL; SOYBEANS
AB Studies were conducted from 1995 to 1997 near Tifton, CA, to evaluate shallow tillage implements and tillage frequency for stale seedbed weed control in peanut. Tillage implements evaluated were a power tiller, disk harrow, field conditioner, and sweep cultivator. Plots for each implement were tilled once or twice prior to planting peanut. Results from midseason weed counts and peanut yield showed similar responses among implements and frequency of tillage. These results indicate no advantage of any shallow tillage implement for stale seedbed weed control, although peanut yields were generally greater in plots with tilled stale seedbeds than in the nontilled control. The implement of choice should be based on cost of operation and compatibility with the overall peanut production system.
C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
   Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
NR 16
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 4
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0890-037X
J9 WEED TECHNOL
JI Weed Technol.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2000
VL 14
IS 3
BP 519
EP 523
DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0519:EOTIFS]2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA 397JY
UT WOS:000166693600010
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, RL
AF Anderson, RL
TI A cultural system approach can eliminate herbicide need in semiarid
   proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)
SO WEED TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE delayed planting; increased seeding rate; nitrogen placement; tillage;
   AMARE
ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GREAT-PLAINS; EMERGENCE; RESISTANCE; WEEDS;
   STRATEGIES; TILLAGE; FUTURE; DATE
AB Producers in the semiarid Great Plains are seeking management strategies to delay development of herbicide resistance. The objective of this study was to determine if cultural systems could control weeds in prose millet (Panicum miliaceum), thus eliminating the need for herbicides and removing selection pressure. Initially, we evaluated individual cultural practices for improving competitiveness of prose millet. Increasing seeding rate, banding N fertilizer with the seeds, growing a taller cultivar, and eliminating tillage favored prose millet over redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Combining several cultural practices with delayed planting in a cultural system reduced biomass and seed production of two pigweed species 85% or more in both tilled and no-till systems, subsequently eliminating prose millet yield loss. Density of the two pigweed species was sevenfold greater in the tilled system, yet the cultural system approach was still effective. Cultural system impact on seed production suggests that pigweed densities will not increase over time. With cultural systems, producers can minimize selection pressure, thus delaying development of herbicide resistance.
C1 USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA.
RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA.
NR 25
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 5
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0890-037X
J9 WEED TECHNOL
JI Weed Technol.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2000
VL 14
IS 3
BP 602
EP 607
DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0602:ACSACE]2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA 397JY
UT WOS:000166693600023
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, RL
AF Anderson, RL
TI Cultural systems to aid weed management in semiarid corn (Zea mays)
SO WEED TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE increased seeding rate; nitrogen placement; row spacing
ID ROW WIDTH; MAIZE; INTERFERENCE; STRATEGIES; POPULATION; DENSITY; CROPS;
   YIELD
AB Producers in the semiarid Great Plains are including corn (Zea mays) in dryland rotations; however, weed management is difficult because the corn canopy is not competitive with weeds. My objective was to determine if cultural practices can enhance corn's competitiveness with weeds, thus supplementing current weed management strategies. Cultural systems, comprised of different row spacing, plant population, and nitrogen placement, were evaluated for effects on foxtail millet (Setaria italica) growth during three growing seasons. A cultural system comprised of 38-cm row spacing, 47,000 plants/ha, and N banded near the seeds reduced foxtail millet biomass 60% compared with the conventional system of 76-cm row spacing, 37,000 plants/ha, and N broadcast. Narrow rows had the greatest effect on foxtail millet growth. Corn's tolerance to foxtail millet interference also was improved, as yield loss in the system with narrow rows, high population, and banded fertilizer was reduced threefold compared with the conventional system. Integrating cultural systems with rotation design and residue management will further strengthen weed management in semiarid corn production.
C1 USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA.
RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA.
NR 20
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0890-037X
J9 WEED TECHNOL
JI Weed Technol.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2000
VL 14
IS 3
BP 630
EP 634
DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0630:CSTAWM]2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA 397JY
UT WOS:000166693600027
ER

PT J
AU Hall, JC
   Van Eerd, LL
   Miller, SD
   Owen, MDK
   Prather, TS
   Shaner, DL
   Singh, M
   Vaughn, KC
   Weller, SC
AF Hall, JC
   Van Eerd, LL
   Miller, SD
   Owen, MDK
   Prather, TS
   Shaner, DL
   Singh, M
   Vaughn, KC
   Weller, SC
TI Future research directions for weed science
SO WEED TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS;
   PALWEED-WHEAT; MANAGEMENT; MODEL
AB A Research Committee was established by the Weed Science Society of America to outline the direction of weed science research during the next decade. Weeds adversely affect humans in both agricultural and nonagricultural environments. It is the opinion of the research committee that weed science will be advantageously positioned for the future if research focuses on research decision processes, weed biology and ecology, weed control and management practices, herbicide resistance, issues related to transgenic plants, environmental issues, and potential benefits of weeds. These future weed science research directions endorse those of the commodity and grower input group Coalition for Research on Plant Systems (CROPS)'99, a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-supported initiative. The future of weed science is dependent on a, joint effort from industry, government regulators, and the public sector consisting of grower groups, as well as USDA, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), and university researchers. It is our opinion that efforts spent on these research areas will benefit not only growers, commodity groups, homeowners, and industry, but society at large, through the maintenance and improvement of the food and fiber production system, and the environment in North America.
C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
   Univ Wyoming, Plant Sci Div, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
   Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   Univ Calif Parlier, Parlier, CA 93648 USA.
   Amer Cyanamid Co, Div Agr Res, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   Univ Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA.
   USDA, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
RP Hall, JC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM jchall@evbhort.uoguelph.ca
RI Prather, Timothy /B-2997-2012; 
OI Prather, Timothy/0000-0003-3464-7577
NR 38
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 6
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0890-037X
J9 WEED TECHNOL
JI Weed Technol.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2000
VL 14
IS 3
BP 647
EP 658
DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0647:FRDFWS]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA 397JY
UT WOS:000166693600030
ER

PT J
AU Dunham, JB
   Rahn, ME
   Schroeter, RE
   Breck, SW
AF Dunham, JB
   Rahn, ME
   Schroeter, RE
   Breck, SW
TI Diets of sympatric Lahontan cutthroat trout and nonnative brook trout:
   Implications for species interactions
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Lahontan cutthroat trout; Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi; diet selection;
   nonnative species; brook trout; Salvelinus fontinalis
ID STREAM; SALMONIDS; HABITAT; BEHAVIOR; OVERLAP; CLARKI; NEVADA
AB Nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) have been implicated in declines of stream-living Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi), a threatened trout endemic to the Lahontan Basin of northeastern California. southeastern Oregon. and northern Nevada. Brook trout may displace Lahontan cutthroat trout through 2 mechanisms: interspecific predation and competition for food. To evaluate the evidence for these alternatives, we examined stomach content of 30 trout of each species captured in the North Fork Humboldt River, northeastern Nevada, to compare number, size. and taxonomic composition of prey. Taxonomic dietary overlap was high (81.4%) between brook and Lahontan cutthroat trout. Both species were nonselective in their feeding habits. Lahontan cutthroat trout consumed over 2.5 times as many prey on average, but brook trout consumed significantly larger prey. No trout of either species occurred in fish diets. Only a single fish, a Paiute sculpin (Cottus beldingi), was found in stomachs, and the majority (>90%) of prey consisted of insect taxa. Size and number of prey consumed were positively related to fish size for Lahontan cutthroat trout but not for brook trout. These results tio not provide compelling evidence to suggest feeding by Lahontan cutthroat trout is limited by presence of large numbers of brook trout in the North Fork Humboldt River. However, fundamental differences in each species' utilization of food in this system indicate that a better understanding of observed differences may help to explain the variable success of brook trout invasions across stream habitats in the Lahontan Basin and their potential effects on Lahontan cutthroat trout.
C1 Univ Nevada, Biol Resources Res Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
   Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise forestry Sci Lab, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
NR 28
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 6
U2 17
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 60
IS 3
BP 304
EP 310
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 349EE
UT WOS:000089030000007
ER

PT J
AU Schmoldt, DL
   He, J
   Abbott, AL
AF Schmoldt, DL
   He, J
   Abbott, AL
TI Automated labeling of log features in CT imagery of multiple hardwood
   species
SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE industrial inspection; segmentation; computed tomography; image
   analysis; log processing
ID LUMBER-VALUE; TOMOGRAPHY; DEFECTS
AB Before noninvasive scanning, e.g., computed tomography (CT), becomes feasible in industrial sawmill operations, we need a procedure that can automatically interpret scan information in order to provide the saw operator with information necessary to make proper sawing decisions. To this end, we have worked to develop an approach for automatic analysis of CT images of hardwood logs. Our current approach classifies each pixel individually using a feed-forward artifical neural network (ANN) and feature vectors that include a small, local neighborhood of pixels and the distance of the target pixel to the center of the log. Initially, this ANN was able to classify clear wood, bark, decay, knots, and voids in CT images of two species of oak with 95% pixel-wise accuracy. Recently we have investigated other AMN classifiers, comparing 2-D versus 3-D neighborhoods and species-dependent (single species) versus species-independent (multiple species) classifiers using oak (Quercus rubra L. and Q. nigra L.), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), and black cherry (Prumus serotina Ehrh.) CT images. When considered individually, the resulting species-dependent classifiers yield similar levels of accuracy (96-98%). 3-D neighborhoods work better for multiple-species classifiers, and 2-D is better for the single-species case. Classifiers combining yellow-poplar and cherry data misclassify many pixels belonging to splits as clear wood, resulting in lower classification rates. If yellow-poplar was not paired with cherry, however, we found no statistical difference in accuracy between the single-and multiple-species classifiers.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Forest Serv, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   COMSAT LAB, Commun Technol Grp, Clarksburg, MD 20871 USA.
   Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Schmoldt, DL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Forest Serv, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
NR 33
TC 28
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 2
PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL
PI MADISON
PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA
SN 0735-6161
J9 WOOD FIBER SCI
JI Wood Fiber Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 3
BP 287
EP 300
PG 14
WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles
SC Forestry; Materials Science
GA 334AX
UT WOS:000088163900004
ER

PT J
AU Weaver, SA
   Schaefer, AL
   Dixon, WT
AF Weaver, SA
   Schaefer, AL
   Dixon, WT
TI Western blotting for detection of glucocorticoid receptors in the brain
   and pituitary gland from adrenal intact pigs
SO BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE pig; glucocorticoid receptor; Western blotting; brain; pituitary gland
ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; BINDING; RAT; STRESS; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION;
   TRANSLOCATION; SECRETION; OCCUPANCY; CAPACITY
AB The objectives of the experiments presented here were to develop a method for measuring total glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), in adrenal intact pigs, and to describe the distribution of this receptor in the pituitary gland and selected brain regions. Six male pigs, 14 days of age, were euthanized and the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex; and hippocampus were prepared for western blotting using a traditional soluble cytosolic preparation or a whole cell extract preparation. Samples were electrophoresed and immunoblotted using the anti-human GR antibodies #57 and #51. The #57 antibody labeled a doublet at 95 and 87 kDa whereas the #51 GR antibody labeled a single band at 87 kDa. Affinity labeling of GR with [H-3] dexamethasone mesylate revealed a single band at 87 kDa. Using the soluble cytosolic preparation GR concentrations were highest in the pituitary gland followed by the hypothalamus (P<0.0001). The amount of GR in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was equivalent but lesser (P<0.0001) than that found in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. With the whole cell extract tissue preparation, GR concentrations were highest (P<0.05) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus with lower (P<0.05) levels detected in the hypothalamus. Taken together, these results indicated that the 87-kDa band was the functional GR and that regional distribution of GRs is specific to the type of tissue preparation used. In addition, we have described a procedure (from whole cell extracts) for measuring total GRs in neural and nonneural tissues from adrenal intact pigs. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
   Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada.
RP Weaver, SA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
NR 38
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8993
J9 BRAIN RES
JI Brain Res.
PD JUN 30
PY 2000
VL 869
IS 1-2
BP 130
EP 136
DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02358-1
PG 7
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 330YY
UT WOS:000087990300016
PM 10865067
ER

PT J
AU French, AD
   Kelterer, AM
   Cramer, CJ
   Johnson, GP
   Dowd, MK
AF French, AD
   Kelterer, AM
   Cramer, CJ
   Johnson, GP
   Dowd, MK
TI A QM/MM analysis of the conformations of crystalline sucrose moieties
SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE carbohydrates; exo-anomeric effect; sugar; HF/6-31G*; MM3; modeling;
   non-additivity; 2-methoxytetrahydropyran; 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran;
   force field
ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATION; CARBOHYDRATE MODEL COMPOUNDS; AB-INITIO;
   FORCE-FIELD; TRISACCHARIDE ERLOSE; RELATIVE STABILITY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION;
   MM3; GLUCOPYRANOSE; MONOHYDRATE
AB Both ab initio quantum mechanics (QM) and molecular mechanics (MM) were used to produce a hybrid energy surface for sucrose that simultaneously provides low energies for conformations that are observed in crystal structures and high energies for most unobserved structures. HF/6-31G* QM energies were calculated for an analogue based on tetrahydropyran (THP) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Remaining contributions to the potential energy of sucrose were calculated with MM. To do this, the MM surface for the analogue was subtracted from the MM surface for the disaccharide, and the QM surface for the analogue was added. Prediction of the distribution of observable geometries was enhanced by reducing the strength of the hydrogen bonding. Reduced hydrogen-bonding strength is probably useful because many crystalline sucrose moieties do not have intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the fructose and glucose residues. Therefore, hydrogen bonding does not play a large role in determining the molecular conformation. On the hybrid energy surface that was constructed with a dielectric constant of 3.5, the average potential energy of 23 sucrose moieties from crystal structures is 1.16 kcal/mol, and the population of observed structures drops off exponentially as the energy increases. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
   Graz Univ Technol, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
   Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
EM afrench@nola.srrc.usda.gov; kelterer@ptc.tu-graz.ac.at
RI Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011; 
OI Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859; Kelterer,
   Anne-Marie/0000-0001-8178-2670
NR 79
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0008-6215
EI 1873-426X
J9 CARBOHYD RES
JI Carbohydr. Res.
PD JUN 30
PY 2000
VL 326
IS 4
BP 305
EP 322
DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00051-3
PG 18
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 326YJ
UT WOS:000087764600006
PM 10890277
ER

PT J
AU Schlosser, W
   Hogue, A
   Ebel, E
   Rose, B
   Umholtz, R
   Ferris, K
   James, W
AF Schlosser, W
   Hogue, A
   Ebel, E
   Rose, B
   Umholtz, R
   Ferris, K
   James, W
TI Analysis of Salmonella serotypes from selected carcasses and raw ground
   products sampled prior to implementation of the Pathogen Reduction;
   Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Final Rule in the US
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Salmonella; HACCP; FSIS; intervention
ID DISEASES
AB In July 1996, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), published the Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems final rule to improve food safety of meat and poultry products. The final rule established, among other requirements, pathogen reduction performance standards for Salmonella for food animal carcasses and raw ground products. The final rule is to be fully implemented in three stages in successively smaller federally inspected meat and poultry slaughter and processing establishments. Implementation began in January 1998 and was completed in January 2000. Samples of carcasses of four species of food animals (cattle, swine, chickens, turkeys), and raw ground product from each of these species, were collected by FSIS from establishments prior to implementation of the final rule and cultured for Salmonella. This paper reports Salmonella serotype results of samples collected from June 1997 through August 1998. These results represent a baseline for future comparisons. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
   USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Schlosser, W (reprint author), Crystal Pk Plaza,Suite 3000,2700 S Earl Rudder Fr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
NR 9
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1605
J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL
JI Int. J. Food Microbiol.
PD JUN 30
PY 2000
VL 58
IS 1-2
BP 107
EP 111
DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00293-2
PG 5
WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology
SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology
GA 326AR
UT WOS:000087710100009
PM 10898467
ER

PT J
AU de Koker, TH
   Burdsall, H
   Janse, BJH
AF de Koker, TH
   Burdsall, H
   Janse, BJH
TI A provisional name for a taxon of Phanerochaete from South Africa
SO SYDOWIA
LA English
DT Article
DE white-rot fungi; basidiomycetes; ligninolytic fungi; Phanerochaete;
   taxonomy
ID CHRYSOSPORIUM
AB Phanerochaete "pseudomagnoliae" nom. prov. isolated from decayed wood, collected in Stellenbosch, South Africa, is described and illustrated. From fruiting in culture it differs from previously described species of the genus Phanerochaete in that the basidiospores are smaller and it does not produce many chlamydospores on Malt Extract Agar but only on xylose containing liquid media. Phanerochaete "pseudomagnoliae" is compared with other similar species in Phanerochaete. Preliminary biochemical characterization of the strain is included.
C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
   USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Mycol Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
   Mondi Forests, ZA-3200 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
RP de Koker, TH (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI HORN
PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA
SN 0082-0598
J9 SYDOWIA
JI Sydowia
PD JUN 30
PY 2000
VL 52
IS 1
BP 10
EP 15
PG 6
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 324HL
UT WOS:000087615700003
ER

PT J
AU Dyer, RM
   Jenkins, MC
   Kwok, OCH
   Douglas, LW
   Dubey, JP
AF Dyer, RM
   Jenkins, MC
   Kwok, OCH
   Douglas, LW
   Dubey, JP
TI Serologic survey of Neospora caninum infection in a closed dairy cattle
   herd in Maryland: risk of serologic reactivity by production groups
SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Neospora caninum; neosporosis; abortion; epidemiology; dairy cattle;
   bovine
ID FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ABORTION; RESPONSES;
   COWS; DOGS; CALIFORNIA; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC
AB Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum was determined in a cross-sectional consensus survey of 1029 bovines in a dairy herd with endemic Neospora-induced abortion. Sera were screened by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence of N. caninum antibody in the IFAT was 17.9% in 107 neonates, 26.2% in 233 yearling heifers and steers, 39.07% in 218 mature heifers, and 26.9% in 465 milking cows. Serologic reactivity was associated with production grouping on the farm with the greatest risk of serologic reactivity appearing in the yearling and mature heifers. There was an increasing risk of serologic reactivity with increasing age only in the parity one and greater animals in the herd. Castrated males were at half the risk of similarly aged females of possessing antibodies to N. caninum. There was no clear relationship between the serologic status of dams and offspring. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Univ Delaware, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Newark, DE 19717 USA.
   USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite BIol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Dyer, RM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, 8075 Greenmeade Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 34
TC 33
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-4017
J9 VET PARASITOL
JI Vet. Parasitol.
PD JUN 27
PY 2000
VL 90
IS 3
BP 171
EP 181
DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00253-3
PG 11
WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 327AJ
UT WOS:000087769200002
PM 10841997
ER

PT J
AU Prasad, SN
   Pal, D
   Romkens, MJM
AF Prasad, SN
   Pal, D
   Romkens, MJM
TI Wave formation on a shallow layer of flowing grains
SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GRANULAR-MATERIALS; ROLL WAVES; FLUID; CHANNEL; CHUTES
AB The phenomenon of longitudinal waves in shallow grain flows has been studied through laboratory experiments. The transport process of spherical particles on a metallic chute has been characterized for this purpose. The wave mode of material transport could be measured within selected combinations of flow parameters such as the angular inclination of the chute, the mean size of the grains and the mass flow rate. It has been observed that the moving particles tend to redistribute systematically in the direction of mean flow. As a result, nonlinear longitudinal waves evolve on the surface of the chute. Observations of the predominantly rolling mode of particle motion revealed significant particle dispersion away from the wavefronts. The frequency of inter-particle collisions was low in the dispersed flow regions but increased rapidly near the wavefronts to dissipate the excess kinetic energy, thus resulting in a large increase in the average volumetric solid fraction. In order to explain the appearance of discontinuities in the volumetric solid fraction, a theoretical model that preserves the overall balance of energy and allows a discontinuous periodic solution is examined here. The depth-averaged dispersed flow of the grains has been approximated by equations of motion similar to those of shallow fluid flow. The resistance to the rolling motion of the particles is expressed in terms of the hydrodynamic drag force. The theoretical model predicts the how criterion for which the longitudinal waves would be self-sustaining.
C1 Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.
RP Prasad, SN (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA.
NR 23
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0022-1120
J9 J FLUID MECH
JI J. Fluid Mech.
PD JUN 25
PY 2000
VL 413
BP 89
EP 110
DI 10.1017/S0022112000008296
PG 22
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA 335FJ
UT WOS:000088233000004
ER

PT J
AU Powell, J
   Kennedy, B
   White, P
   Bentz, B
   Logan, J
   Roberts, D
AF Powell, J
   Kennedy, B
   White, P
   Bentz, B
   Logan, J
   Roberts, D
TI Mathematical elements of attack risk analysis for mountain pine beetles
SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Mathematical Population Dynamics
CY JUN 21-25, 1998
CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND
ID MASS ATTACK; SPATIAL PATTERNS; GLOBAL-MODEL; FORESTS; STANDS
AB Three different mathematical approaches are combined to develop a spatial framework in which risk of mountain pine beetle (MPB) attack on individual hosts may be assessed. A density-based partial differential equation model describes the dispersal and focusing behavior of MPB. A local projection onto a system of ordinary differential equations predicts the consequences of the density equations at individual hosts. The bifurcation diagram of these equations provides a natural division into categories of risk for each host, A stem-competition model links host vigor to stand age and demographics. Coupled together, these models illuminate spatial risk structures which may also shed light on the role of climatic variables in population outbreaks. Preliminary results suggest that stand microclimate has much greater influence on risk of attack than host vigor and stand age. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   Utah State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Labs, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Powell, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
NR 48
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0022-5193
J9 J THEOR BIOL
JI J. Theor. Biol.
PD JUN 21
PY 2000
VL 204
IS 4
BP 601
EP 620
DI 10.1006/jtbi.2000.1080
PG 20
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
   Biology
GA 324NT
UT WOS:000087628800011
PM 10833359
ER

PT J
AU Arnade, C
   Pick, D
AF Arnade, C
   Pick, D
TI Seasonal oligopoly power: the case of the US fresh fruit market
SO APPLIED ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOOD; INDUSTRIES
AB What has been ignored in much of the existing studies of oligopoly power is that market behaviour need not be static in nature, and oligopoly power in agriculture need not be present in every month of the year. In a market which is characterized by seasonality and supplied by different sources during different seasons, it is quite possible to observe oligopoly power during different months of the year. In this paper, a method for estimating and testing for seasonal changes in the degree of oligopoly power is introduced. It was found that in the pear market, oligopoly power coefficients remain low throughout the year. On the other hand, the grape market is characterized by higher oligopoly power coefficients and considerable season variations.
C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
RP Pick, D (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU ROUTLEDGE
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 0003-6846
J9 APPL ECON
JI Appl. Econ.
PD JUN 20
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 8
BP 969
EP 977
PG 9
WC Economics
SC Business & Economics
GA 320DK
UT WOS:000087386200004
ER

PT J
AU Gordon, SH
   Imam, SH
   Shogren, RL
   Govind, NS
   Greene, RV
AF Gordon, SH
   Imam, SH
   Shogren, RL
   Govind, NS
   Greene, RV
TI A semiempirical model for predicting biodegradation profiles of
   individual polymers in
   starch-poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate) bioplastic
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE starch; PHBV; biodegradable plastic; biopolymer degradation profiles;
   mathematical model; glucose repression
ID NEURAL NETWORKS; STARCH; BLENDS
AB Plastic prepared from formulations of cornstarch and poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biodegraded in tropical coastal waters. Biodegradation was monitored for 1 year. Starch-PHBV bioplastic appeared to lose weight in two overlapping phases until both biopolymers were entirely consumed. To examine the underlying degradation of starch and PHBV from biphasic weight-loss profiles, a semiempirical mathematical model was developed from which degradation profiles and lifetimes of the individual biopolymers could be predicted. The model predicted that starch and PHBV in the bioplastic had half-lives of 19 days and 158 days, respectively. Computed profiles also predicted that the starch in the composite would be completely degraded in 174 days, while residual PHBV would persist in the marine environment for 1107 days. The model further revealed that, for a 30% starch : 70% PHBV composite, PHBV degradation was delayed 46 days until more than 65% of the starch was consumed. This suggested that PHBV degradation was metabolically repressed by glucose derived from starch. Glucose repression of microbial PHBV degradation was substantiated in 91 of 100 environmental isolates. The validity of the elaborated model was proven when its revelations and predictions were later confirmed by chemical analysis of residual bioplastic samples. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   Univ Puerto Rico, Marine Sci Stn, Lajas, PR 00667 USA.
RP Gordon, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 4
U2 11
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0021-8995
J9 J APPL POLYM SCI
JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
PD JUN 20
PY 2000
VL 76
IS 12
BP 1767
EP 1776
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000620)76:12<1767::AID-APP6>3.0.CO;2-D
PG 10
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 301GL
UT WOS:000086302300006
ER

PT J
AU Silva, RF
   Fadly, AM
   Hunt, HD
AF Silva, RF
   Fadly, AM
   Hunt, HD
TI Hypervariability in the envelope genes of subgroup J avian leukosis
   viruses obtained from different farms in the United States
SO VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE retrovirus; poultry; glycoprotein; gp85; DNA sequence; E element;
   computer analysis
ID ENV GENE; SEQUENCE; STRAIN
AB Avian leukosis virus, subgroup J (ALV-J), has a wide host range, preferentially infecting meat-type birds, and produces a high incidence of myelocytomatosis and nephromas. Using the published sequences from HPRS-103 (ALV-J isolated in 1989 in Great Britain), we designed a set of PCR primers that amplified proviral DNA from nine U.S. field samples. The primers were specific for ALV-J, not amplifying DNA from uninfected cells or cells infected with ALV subgroups A-E. These primers expanded a 2.4-kb fragment that encompasses gp85, gp37, the E element, and mast of the 3' LTR. We also developed a set of PCR primers that amplified a 2.1-kb fragment from ALV-J-infected cells and a 1.6-kb fragment from uninfected ev- chicken embryo fibroblasts (Line 0). Upon cloning and DNA sequencing, we determined that the 2.1- and 1.6-kb fragments contained ALV-J gp85- and gp37-like sequences. Comparison of the amino acid sequences demonstrated that the Line 0 sequences were 97.5% identical with the gp85 and gp37 of HPRS-103 and somewhat less identical with the other nine U.S, isolates. This suggests that the envelope genes of ALV-J may have arisen as a result of a recombination event between exogenous ALV and Line 0-like sequences in the chicken. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that the U.S, field isolates were closely related to one another and more distantly related to the European HPRS-103. The pattern of mutations in the U.S, field isolates suggests that the U.S. strains are slowly drifting away from their progenitor Line 0-like sequences. The development of effective vaccines and diagnostic tests is likely to become more problematic as the Viruses continue to mutate. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
RP Silva, RF (reprint author), ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
NR 14
TC 55
Z9 79
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0042-6822
J9 VIROLOGY
JI Virology
PD JUN 20
PY 2000
VL 272
IS 1
BP 106
EP 111
DI 10.1006/viro.2000.0352
PG 6
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 330EG
UT WOS:000087949400011
PM 10873753
ER

PT J
AU Momany, FA
   Willett, JL
AF Momany, FA
   Willett, JL
TI Computational studies on carbohydrates: in vacuo studies using a revised
   AMBER force field, AMB99C, designed for alpha-(1 -> 4) linkages
SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE maltose; cyclomaltooligosaccharides; cyclodextrins; conformation;
   AMB99C; force field; molecular mechanics; dynamics
ID CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS;
   CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE;
   MALTOSE MONOHYDRATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MODEL COMPOUNDS; BETA-MALTOSE;
   OLIGOSACCHARIDES
AB Modifications to the AMBER force field [W.D. Cornell, P. Cieplak, C.I. Bayly, I.R. Gould, K. Merz, D.M. Ferguson, D.C. Spellmeyer, T. Fox, J.W. Caldwell, P.A. Kollman, J. Am. Chem. Sec., 117 (1995) 5179-5197] have been made to improve our ability to reproduce observed molecular properties of a-linked carbohydrates when calculated using empirical potential-energy functions. Molecular structures and energies obtained using gradient-optimized density functional methods with ab initio basis sets (B3LYP/6-31G*) on ten minimum-energy conformations of maltose [F.A. Momany, J.L. Willett, J. Comp. Chem., submitted for publication] were used to refine the empirical potentials. Molecular dynamics simulations on beta-maltose (i.e., the beta anomer of maltose), cyclohexamylose (alpha-cyclodextrin), cycloheptamylose (beta-cyclodextrin) and larger cyclomaltooligosaccharide structures were carried out and compared with experimental structural studies to test the new potentials. Ring-puckering potential during dynamics as well as conformational transitions to 'flipped' structures were examined. Results of the tests described here suggest that the revised AMBER parameters (AMB99C) are very good for computational studies of alpha-(1-->4)-linked carbohydrates. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 60
TC 70
Z9 70
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0008-6215
J9 CARBOHYD RES
JI Carbohydr. Res.
PD JUN 16
PY 2000
VL 326
IS 3
BP 194
EP 209
DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00042-2
PG 16
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 325PJ
UT WOS:000087684600004
PM 10903029
ER

PT J
AU Momany, FA
   Willett, JL
AF Momany, FA
   Willett, JL
TI Computational studies on carbohydrates: solvation studies on maltose and
   cyclomaltooligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) using a DFT/ab initio-derived
   empirical force field, AMB99C
SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE maltose; cyclomaltooligosaccharides; cyclodextrins; conformation;
   AMB99C; force field; molecular mechanics; dynamics
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN;
   AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; INCLUSION COMPLEXES;
   GAMMA-CYCLODEXTRIN; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; PACKING ANALYSIS;
   OLIGOSACCHARIDES
AB An empirical force field, denoted AMB99C, has been used to study molecular properties of alpha-(1-->4)-linked carbohydrates in solution. AMB99C was parameterized using structural and energetic parameters from density functional ab initio methodology. In this work we examine the solution behavior of the beta anomer of maltose and cyclohexa-, cyclohepta-, and cyclooctaamyloses (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins or alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CDs, respectively), as well as of two larger (DP 10, epsilon-CD; DP 21) cyclomaltooligosaccharides, CA10 and CA21. Experimental data used for comparison purposes include X-ray structures, small-angle scattering radius of gyration values, NMR nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs), and proton coupling constants. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out using explicit water molecules (TIP3P) to establish equilibrium populations of conformations in solution, and these results are compared with other calculated values and a variety of experimental parameters, such as average H-1-H-4' distances between the rings in p-maltose, and the primary hydroxyl groups' conformational populations. Medium-to-large cyclomaltooligosaccharide molecules were studied to test for glucose ring puckering and stability of kinked and 'flipped' conformations. The results of the solvation studies are in excellent agreement with experimental structural parameters. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 37
TC 62
Z9 63
U1 2
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0008-6215
J9 CARBOHYD RES
JI Carbohydr. Res.
PD JUN 16
PY 2000
VL 326
IS 3
BP 210
EP 226
DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00043-4
PG 17
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 325PJ
UT WOS:000087684600005
PM 10903030
ER

PT J
AU Strong, DR
   Pemberton, RW
AF Strong, DR
   Pemberton, RW
TI Ecology - Biological control of invading species - Risk and reform
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID NORTH-AMERICA; FLORIDA
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
RP Strong, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
NR 37
TC 89
Z9 105
U1 2
U2 15
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 16
PY 2000
VL 288
IS 5473
BP 1969
EP 1970
DI 10.1126/science.288.5473.1969
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 325QC
UT WOS:000087687000021
PM 10877714
ER

PT J
AU Herrmann, LM
   Baszler, TV
   Knowles, DP
AF Herrmann, LM
   Baszler, TV
   Knowles, DP
TI PrPc mRNA, but not PrPSc is found in the salivary glands of
   scrapie-infected sheep
SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE scrapie; prion; sheep; salivary gland; transmission
ID RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; NATURAL SCRAPIE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION;
   INFECTIVITY; BRAIN; TISSUE; SPLEEN; NEUROTOXICITY; TRANSMISSION;
   DIAGNOSIS
AB Transmission studies in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) have become increasingly important due to the possible transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans resulting in new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. The horizontal transmission of scrapie, a TSE of sheep, is poorly understood. Possible sources of horizontal transmission are the submandibular and parotid salivary glands. TSEs like natural sheep scrapie are characterized by the conversion of a normal protease sensitive prion protein, PrPc, to an abnormal protease resistant prion protein, PrPSc. Since the presence of PrPSc is an indicator of disease, the salivary glands of scrapie-infected sheep were examined for the presence of PrPSc. Although PrPc mRNA was detected in the salivary glands, PrPSc was not found in the salivary glands of scrapie-infected sheep. These data suggest that the salivary glands are unlikely sources of horizontal transmission of natural sheep scrapie. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Herrmann, LM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-4838
J9 BBA-PROTEIN STRUCT M
JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Protein Struct. Molec. Enzym.
PD JUN 15
PY 2000
VL 1479
IS 1-2
BP 147
EP 154
DI 10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00056-X
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 329XM
UT WOS:000087933800014
PM 11004536
ER

PT J
AU Senay, GB
   Ward, AD
   Lyon, JG
   Fausey, NR
   Nokes, SE
   Brown, LC
AF Senay, GB
   Ward, AD
   Lyon, JG
   Fausey, NR
   Nokes, SE
   Brown, LC
TI The relations between spectral data and water in a crop production
   environment
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLECTANCE; STRESS; LEAVES; VEGETATION
AB The results of a correlation study between high spatial resolution (1 m) Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) data and reference data with particular emphasis to soil-plant water parameters are presented. Digital images of the Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) research site in south central Ohio were acquired using MSS mounted on an aircraft. Gravimetric soil water, plant water, and plant residue information relating to MSS data were collected in April, July, August, and September, 1994. It was found that the correlation between MSS data and soil water was changed by the presence of crop residue versus bare soil. The combined water estimates From the soil and plant enhanced the correlation structure between MSS parameters and soil-plant water variables. It was also shown that when using soil water content data below the 0.5-2.0 cm soil depth, the correlation with MSS parameters decreased.
C1 US EPA, SAIC, PAI, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
   Ohio State Univ, Food Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
   USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA.
RP Senay, GB (reprint author), US EPA, SAIC, PAI, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 39
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD JUN 15
PY 2000
VL 21
IS 9
BP 1897
EP 1910
DI 10.1080/014311600209805
PG 14
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 316PA
UT WOS:000087175100008
ER

PT J
AU Palmer, MV
   Whipple, DL
   Payeur, JB
   Alt, DP
   Esch, KJ
   Bruning-Fann, CS
   Kaneene, JB
AF Palmer, MV
   Whipple, DL
   Payeur, JB
   Alt, DP
   Esch, KJ
   Bruning-Fann, CS
   Kaneene, JB
TI Naturally occurring tuberculosis in white-tailed deer
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; INFECTION; MICHIGAN; MODEL
AB Objective-To determine the distribution of lesions and extent of tissues infected with Mycobacterium bovis in a captive population of white-tailed deer.
   Design-Cross-sectional study.
   Animals-116 captive white-tailed deer.
   Procedure-Deer were euthanatized, and postmortem examinations were performed. Tissues with gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected for microscopic analysis and bacteriologic culture. Tissues from the head, thorax, and abdomen of deer with no gross lesions were pooled for bacteriologic culture. Tonsillar, nasal, oral, and rectal swab specimens, fecal samples, and samples of hay and pelleted feed, soil around feeding sites, and water from 2 natural ponds were collected for bacteriologic culture.
   Results-Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 14 of 116 (12%) deer; however, only 9 of 14 had lesions consistent with tuberculosis. Most commonly affected tissues included the medial retropharyngeal lymph node and lung. Five of 14 tuberculous deer had no gross lesions; however, M bovis was isolated from pooled tissue specimens from the heads of each of these deer. Bacteriologic culture of tonsillar swab specimens from 2 of the infected deer yielded M bovis. Mean (+/- SEM) age of tuberculous deer was 2.5 +/- 0.3 years (range, 0.5 to 6 years). Mycobacterium bovis was not isolated from feed, soil, water, or fecal samples.
   Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Examination of hunter-killed white-tailed deer for tuberculosis commonly includes only the lymph nodes of the head. Results of such examinations may underestimate disease prevalence by as much as 57%. Such discrepancy should be considered when estimating disease prevalence.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   US Vet Serv, USDA, APHIS, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
   Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
NR 24
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC
PI SCHAUMBURG
PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA
SN 0003-1488
J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC
JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
PD JUN 15
PY 2000
VL 216
IS 12
BP 1921
EP 1924
DI 10.2460/javma.2000.216.1921
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 323PN
UT WOS:000087574300015
PM 10863589
ER

PT J
AU Katz, JB
   Evans, LE
   Hutto, DL
   Schroeder-Tucker, LC
   Carew, AM
   Donahue, JM
   Hirsh, DC
AF Katz, JB
   Evans, LE
   Hutto, DL
   Schroeder-Tucker, LC
   Carew, AM
   Donahue, JM
   Hirsh, DC
TI Clinical, bacteriologic, serologic, and pathologic features of
   infections with atypical Taylorella equigenitalis in mares
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS
AB Objective-To characterize clinical, serologic, bacteriologic, cytologic, and pathologic endometrial responses of mares to 2 donkey-origin atypical bacterial isolates resembling Taylorella equigenitalis.
   Design-Prospective in vivo study.
   Animals-10 healthy mares.
   Procedure-Mares in estrus (2/group) were inoculated by intrauterine infusion with 2 isolates of classic T equigenitalis or 2 isolates of atypical Taylorella sp or were sham-inoculated. Bacteriologic, serologic, clinical, uterine, cytologic, and pathologic endometrial responses were assessed 4, 11, 21, 35, and 63 days after inoculation and on day 111 in mares with positive culture results on day 63.
   Results-One atypical isolate failed to cause infection. The second atypical isolate and both classic T equigenitalis isolates induced similar transient metritis and cervicitis. Both classic isolates and 1 atypical isolate induced anti-T equigenitalis complement-fixing antibodies detectable at day 11. Classic isolates and an atypical isolate provoked intense neutrophilic endometritis followed by a resolving, subacute, neutrophilic-mononuclear endometrial response. The atypical isolate and classic isolates were recovered from the uterus, clitoral fossa, or clitoral sinus of one or both exposed mares for as long as 111 days.
   Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Atypical Taylorella sp infections should be considered as a differential diagnosis of equine infertility in US-origin mares, even those not exposed to stallions from countries where contagious equine metritis occurs. The origins and prevalence of atypical Taylorella sp infection in US horses and donkeys are undetermined.
C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   Univ Kentucky, Livestock Dis Diagnost Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Katz, JB (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
NR 14
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC
PI SCHAUMBURG
PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA
SN 0003-1488
J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC
JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
PD JUN 15
PY 2000
VL 216
IS 12
BP 1945
EP 1948
DI 10.2460/javma.2000.216.1945
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 323PN
UT WOS:000087574300021
PM 10863594
ER

PT J
AU Das, S
   Saha, AK
   Choudhury, PK
   Basak, RK
   Mitra, BC
   Todd, T
   Lang, S
   Rowell, RM
AF Das, S
   Saha, AK
   Choudhury, PK
   Basak, RK
   Mitra, BC
   Todd, T
   Lang, S
   Rowell, RM
TI Effect of steam pretreatment of jute fiber on dimensional stability of
   jute composite
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE jute fiber; fiber board; steam stabilization; water absorption;
   thickness swelling
AB Dimensional stability of fiber board from lignocellulosic materials is a prime concern for efficient utility of the product. A number of methods have been used to improve the dimensional stability. These include the application of coating, oil, and wax treatments and chemical modification of lignocellulosic materials. A new process has been developed to minimize irreversible swelling (i.e., permanent fixation of compressive deformation of wood fiber through a hygrothermal treatment using in-built steam from moisture of compressed fiber at high temperature). This process has been applied on jute fiber for the evaluation of dimensional stability and vis-a-vis the mechanical and thermal properties of the fiber board made from the modified jute fiber. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
C1 Indian Jute Ind Res Assoc, Calcutta 700088, W Bengal, India.
   Natl Inst Res Jute & Allied Fibre Technol, Calcutta 700040, W Bengal, India.
   Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA.
RP Das, S (reprint author), Indian Jute Ind Res Assoc, 17 Taratola Rd, Calcutta 700088, W Bengal, India.
NR 10
TC 93
Z9 96
U1 0
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0021-8995
J9 J APPL POLYM SCI
JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
PD JUN 13
PY 2000
VL 76
IS 11
BP 1652
EP 1661
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000613)76:11<1652::AID-APP6>3.3.CO;2-O
PG 10
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 299JT
UT WOS:000086195900006
ER

PT J
AU Sasai, K
   Aita, M
   Lillehoj, HS
   Miyamoto, T
   Fukata, T
   Baba, E
AF Sasai, K
   Aita, M
   Lillehoj, HS
   Miyamoto, T
   Fukata, T
   Baba, E
TI Dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulation changes in the cecal tonsils of
   chickens infected with Salmonella enteritidis
SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE chicken-bacteria; Salmonella enteritidis; cecal tonsils; lymphocyte
   subsets; flow cytometric analysis; immunity
ID T-LYMPHOCYTES; LAYING HENS; CHOLERAESUIS; TYPHIMURIUM; INVASION;
   IMMUNITY; SWINE; EGG
AB Salmonella enteritidis (SE)-induced changes in various T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in the cecal tonsils of chickens were analyzed using flow cytometry. At 1 day post-SE inoculation, the percentages of CD3(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the group inoculated with 1x10(9) SE colony-forming units (CFU) (SE high) and in the group inoculated with 1 x 10(6) SE CFU (SE low) compared with the uninfected control group. The percentage of CD4(+) T lymphocytes was significantly increased in the SE high group compared to the uninfected and the SE low groups at 4 days after SE inoculation. The percentage of IgG(+) B lymphocytes was also significantly increased in both SE high and low groups compared to the uninfected control at 6 days post-SE inoculation. In contrast, the SE low group showed significantly fewer IgM(+) B lymphocytes compared to the uninfected and SE high groups. These results show that SE infection induces significant changes in the cecal tonsil lymphocytes subpopulations shortly following SE inoculation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Osaka Prefecture, Dept Vet Internal Med, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
   USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Sasai, K (reprint author), Univ Osaka Prefecture, Dept Vet Internal Med, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
NR 23
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1135
J9 VET MICROBIOL
JI Vet. Microbiol.
PD JUN 12
PY 2000
VL 74
IS 4
BP 345
EP 351
DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00193-0
PG 7
WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 318TG
UT WOS:000087299500005
PM 10831856
ER

PT J
AU Bean, SR
   Lookhart, GL
AF Bean, SR
   Lookhart, GL
TI Electrophoresis of cereal storage proteins
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Review
DE cereals; reviews; proteins
ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS;
   MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHEAT
   VARIETY IDENTIFICATION; SDS-PAGE SYSTEM; GLUTENIN SUBUNITS;
   2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; PROPOSED NOMENCLATURE; ISOELECTRIC
   BUFFERS
AB Cereal proteins have been studied by a number of analytical techniques over the years. One of the major methodologies utilized by cereal chemists has been electroaphoresis. Starting with moving boundary electrophoresis and progressing to slab gels and high-performance capillary electrophoresis, innovative methods have been developed to provide high resolution separations of difficult to separate proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), acid-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, free zone CE, and even high-resolution two-dimensional HPLC-HPCE methods have been developed to separate cereal proteins. This review focuses on electrophoretic methods for separating and characterizing cereal storage proteins. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA.
RP Lookhart, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094
NR 93
TC 43
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD JUN 9
PY 2000
VL 881
IS 1-2
BP 23
EP 36
DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01270-4
PG 14
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 327GX
UT WOS:000087787000002
PM 10905690
ER

PT J
AU Abidi, SL
AF Abidi, SL
TI Chromatographic analysis of tocol-derived lipid antioxidants
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Review
DE reviews; food analysis; tocopherols; toctrienols; antioxidants; lipids;
   vitamins
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY;
   ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; NORMAL-PHASE; VITAMIN-E; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION;
   FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; TOCOTRIENOL ISOMERS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; ARRAY
   DETECTION
AB This paper provides a comprehensive overview of existing chromatographic methods for the analysis of tocol-derived lipid antioxidants in various sample matrices. After a brief introductory discussion on biological and nutritional aspects of the vitamin E active compounds, the review focuses on various techniques for the isolation, purification, chromatographic separation, and detection of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Compiled published normal-phase (NP) and reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods demonstrate general trends and analytical variability and versatility of HPLC methodology. The relative merits of the two HPLC methods are assessed. NP and RP elution characteristics are delineated to aid in the identification of antioxidant components. Technical novelty of certain analytical procedures for non-food samples warrants their inclusion in this review in light of the potential applicability in food assays. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Qual & Safety Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Abidi, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Qual & Safety Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 81
TC 115
Z9 118
U1 2
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD JUN 9
PY 2000
VL 881
IS 1-2
BP 197
EP 216
DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00131-X
PG 20
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 327GX
UT WOS:000087787000016
PM 10905704
ER

PT J
AU Kustas, WP
   Prueger, JH
   Hatfield, JL
   Ramalingam, K
   Hipps, LE
AF Kustas, WP
   Prueger, JH
   Hatfield, JL
   Ramalingam, K
   Hipps, LE
TI Variability in soil heat flux from a mesquite dune site
SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE soil heat flux; variability; mesquite dune site
ID DESERT PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NET-RADIATION RATIO; AREAS; CROP; C-3
AB For many natural and agricultural landscapes, vegetation partially covers the ground surface, resulting in significant variations in soil heat flux between interspace areas and underneath vegetation. This is particularly apparent in arid and semiarid regions where vegetation cover is low and clustered or 'clumped' with large areas of exposed soil. Surface heterogeneity presents significant challenges to the use of standard micro-meteorological measurement techniques for estimating surface energy balance components. The objective of this study was to use an array of 20 soil heat flux plates and soil temperature sensors to characterize the spatial and temporal variability in soil heat flux as affected by vegetation and micro-topographic effects of mesquite dunes in the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. Maximum differences in soil heat flux among sensors were nearly 300 W m(-2). Maximum differences among individual sensors under similar cover conditions (i.e. no cover or interdune, partial or open canopy cover and full canopy cover) were significant, reaching values of 200-250 W m(-2). The 'area-average' soil heat flux from the array was compared with an estimate using three sensors from a nearby micro-meteorological station. These sensors were positioned to obtain soil heat flux estimates representative of the three main cover conditions: namely, no cover or interdune, partial or open canopy cover, and full canopy cover. Comparisons between the array-average soil heat flux and the three-sensor system indicate that maximum differences on the order of 50 to nearly 100W m(-2) are obtained in the early morning and mid-afternoon periods, respectively. These discrepancies are caused by shading from the vegetation and micro-topography. The array-derived soil heat flux also produced a significantly higher temporal varying soil heat flux/net radiation ratio than what has been observed in other studies under more uniform cover conditions. Results from this study suggest that, to determine the number and location of sensors needed for estimating area-average soil heat flux in this type of landscape, one needs to account not only for the clustering of the vegetation cover but also micro-topography. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
OI Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571
NR 30
TC 63
Z9 70
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1923
J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL
JI Agric. For. Meteorol.
PD JUN 8
PY 2000
VL 103
IS 3
BP 249
EP 264
DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00131-3
PG 16
WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 322VQ
UT WOS:000087530300002
ER

PT J
AU Twine, TE
   Kustas, WP
   Norman, JM
   Cook, DR
   Houser, PR
   Meyers, TP
   Prueger, JH
   Starks, PJ
   Wesely, ML
AF Twine, TE
   Kustas, WP
   Norman, JM
   Cook, DR
   Houser, PR
   Meyers, TP
   Prueger, JH
   Starks, PJ
   Wesely, ML
TI Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland
SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE eddy-covariance; friction velocity; evapotranspiration flux
ID LATENT-HEAT FLUX; WATER-VAPOR; BOWEN-RATIO; ENERGY-BALANCE;
   CARBON-DIOXIDE; PINE FOREST; SURFACE; EXCHANGES; SYSTEMS; ERRORS
AB Independent measurements of the major energy balance flux components are not often consistent with the principle of conservation of energy. This is referred to as a lack of closure of the surface energy balance. Most results in the literature have shown the sum of sensible and latent heat fluxes measured by eddy covariance to be less than the difference between net radiation and soil heat fluxes. This under-measurement of sensible and latent heat fluxes by eddy-covariance instruments has occurred in numerous field experiments and among many different manufacturers of instruments. Four eddy-covariance systems consisting of the same models of instruments were set up side-by-side during the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment and all systems under-measured fluxes by similar amounts. One of these eddy-covariance systems was collocated with three other types of eddy-covariance systems at different sites; all of these systems under-measured the sensible and latent-heat fluxes. The net radiometers and soil heat flux plates used in conjunction with the eddy-covariance systems were calibrated independently and measurements of net radiation and soil heat flux showed little scatter for various sites. The 10% absolute uncertainty in available energy measurements was considerably smaller than the systematic closure problem in the surface energy budget, which varied from 10 to 30%. When available-energy measurement errors are known and modest, eddy-covariance measurements of sensible and latent heat fluxes should be adjusted for closure. Although the preferred method of energy balance closure is to maintain the Bowen-ratio, the method for obtaining closure appears to be less important than assuring that eddy-covariance measurements are consistent with conservation of energy. Based on numerous measurements over a sorghum canopy, carbon dioxide fluxes, which are measured by eddy covariance, are underestimated by the same factor as eddy covariance evaporation measurements when energy balance closure is not achieved. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA.
RP Twine, TE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RI Twine, Tracy/H-2337-2013; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Meyers,
   Tilden/C-6633-2016
OI Twine, Tracy/0000-0002-8457-046X; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; 
NR 40
TC 803
Z9 853
U1 9
U2 125
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1923
J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL
JI Agric. For. Meteorol.
PD JUN 8
PY 2000
VL 103
IS 3
BP 279
EP 300
DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00123-4
PG 22
WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 322VQ
UT WOS:000087530300004
ER

PT J
AU Hutchison, RS
   Groom, Q
   Ort, DR
AF Hutchison, RS
   Groom, Q
   Ort, DR
TI Differential effects of chilling-induced photooxidation on the redox
   regulation of photosynthetic enzymes
SO BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID NADP-MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; COUPLING FACTOR ACTIVITY; DISULFIDE
   INTERCHANGE REACTIONS; OXIDATION-REDUCTION PROPERTIES; FERREDOXIN
   THIOREDOXIN SYSTEM; PISUM-SATIVUM-L; CHLOROPLAST
   FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; INTACT CHLOROPLASTS;
   PHOTOSYSTEM-II
AB Photosynthesis in plant species that are evolutionarily adapted for growth in warm climates is highly sensitive to illumination under cool conditions. Although it is well documented that illumination of these sensitive species under cool conditions results in the photosynthetic production of reactive oxygen molecules, the underlying mechanism for the inhibition of photosynthesis remains uncertain. Determinations of chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase activity showed that the light-dependent, reductive activation of these key carbon reduction cycle enzymes was substantially inhibited in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) following illumination at 4 degrees C. However, other chloroplast enzymes also dependent on thioredoxin-mediated reductive activation were largely unaffected. We performed equilibrium redox titrations to investigate the thermodynamics of the thiol/disulfide exchange between thioredoxin f and the regulatory sulfhydryl groups of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, phosphoribulokinase, NADP-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, and the chloroplast ATPsynthase. We determined that the redox midpoint potentials for the regulatory sulfhydryl groups of the various enzymes spanned a broad range (similar to 50 mV at pH 7.9). The electron-sharing equilibria among thioredoxin f and its target enzymes largely explained the differential effects of photooxidation induced at low temperature on thioredoxin-mediated activation of chloroplast enzymes in tomato. These results not only provide a plausible mechanism for the low-temperature-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in this important group of plants, but also provide a quantitative basis to evaluate the influence of thioredoxin/target enzyme electron-sharing equilibria on the differential activation and deactivation kinetics of thioredoxin-regulated chloroplast enzymes.
C1 USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Ort, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
OI Groom, Quentin/0000-0002-0596-5376
NR 86
TC 57
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0006-2960
J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US
JI Biochemistry
PD JUN 6
PY 2000
VL 39
IS 22
BP 6679
EP 6688
DI 10.1021/bi0001978
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 323TF
UT WOS:000087580500012
PM 10828986
ER

PT J
AU Bickford, PC
   Gould, T
   Briederick, L
   Chadman, K
   Pollock, A
   Young, D
   Shukitt-Hale, B
   Joseph, J
AF Bickford, PC
   Gould, T
   Briederick, L
   Chadman, K
   Pollock, A
   Young, D
   Shukitt-Hale, B
   Joseph, J
TI Antioxidant-rich diets improve cerebellar physiology and motor learning
   in aged rats
SO BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE aging; cerebellum oxidative stress; antioxidants; motor learning
ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LOCOMOTOR TASKS;
   IMPAIRED ACQUISITION; NOREPINEPHRINE; DEFICITS; DISEASE
AB The free radical theory of aging predicts that reactive oxygen species are involved in the decline in function associated with aging. The present paper reports that diets supplemented with either spinach, strawberries or blueberries, nutritional sources of antioxidants, reverse age-induced declines in beta-adrenergic receptor function in cerebellar Purkinje neurons measured using: electrophysiological techniques. In addition the spinach diet improved learning on a runway motor task, previously shown to be modulated by cerebellar norepinephrine. Motor learning is important for adaptation to changes in the environment and is thus critical for rehabilitation following stroke, spinal cord injury, and the onset of some neurodegenerative diseases. These data are the first to indicate that age-related deficits in motor learning and memory can be reversed with nutritional interventions. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Dept Pharmacol, Boston, MA USA.
   Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA.
   Univ Penn, Ctr Neurobiol & Behav, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biometr, Boston, MA USA.
   Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Bickford, PC (reprint author), Dept Pharmacol, Boston, MA USA.
RI Bickford, Paula/J-5970-2012
OI Bickford, Paula/0000-0001-9657-7725
FU NIA NIH HHS [AG04418, AG00728]
NR 26
TC 183
Z9 193
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8993
J9 BRAIN RES
JI Brain Res.
PD JUN 2
PY 2000
VL 866
IS 1-2
BP 211
EP 217
DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02280-0
PG 7
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 320JX
UT WOS:000087399000022
PM 10825496
ER

PT J
AU Inoue, M
   Simunek, J
   Shiozawa, S
   Hopmans, JW
AF Inoue, M
   Simunek, J
   Shiozawa, S
   Hopmans, JW
TI Simultaneous estimation of soil hydraulic and solute transport
   parameters from transient infiltration experiments
SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE four-electrode sensor; bulk soil electrical conductivity; hydraulic
   conductivity; soil water retention curve; dispersivity
ID STEP OUTFLOW EXPERIMENTS; INVERSE METHOD; MULTISTEP OUTFLOW; UNSATURATED
   FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; MODELS; WATER; EXCHANGE
AB Estimation of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters is important to provide input parameters for numerical models simulating transient water flow and solute transport ill the vadose zone. The Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm in combination with the HYDRUS-1D numerical code was used to inversely estimate unsaturated soil-hydraulic and solute transport parameters from transient matric pressure head, apparent electrical conductivity, and effluent Bur measurements. A 30 cm long soil column with an internal diameter of 5 cm was used for infiltration experiments in a coarse-textured soil. Infiltration experiments were carried out with both increasing and decreasing solute concentrations following a sudden increase in the infiltration rate. Matric pressure heads and solute concentrations were measured using automated mini-tensiometers and four-electrode sensors, respectively. The simultaneous estimation results were compared with independently measured soil water retention, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and solute dispersion data obtained from steady-state water Row experiments. The optimized values corresponded well with those measured independently within the range of experimental data. The information contained in the apparent electrical conductivity (which integrates information about both water flow and solute transport) proved to be very useful for the simultaneous estimation of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
   Tottori Univ, Arid Land Res Ctr, Tottori 680, Japan.
   Univ Tsukuba, Inst Agr & Forest Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, Hydrol Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Simunek, J (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011
NR 35
TC 59
Z9 63
U1 3
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0309-1708
J9 ADV WATER RESOUR
JI Adv. Water Resour.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 23
IS 7
BP 677
EP 688
DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(00)00011-7
PG 12
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 312LW
UT WOS:000086945600002
ER

PT J
AU Doraiswamy, PC
   Pasteris, PA
   Jones, KC
   Motha, RP
   Nejedlik, P
AF Doraiswamy, PC
   Pasteris, PA
   Jones, KC
   Motha, RP
   Nejedlik, P
TI Techniques for methods of collection, database management and
   distribution of agrometeorological data
SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Workshop on Agrometeorology in the 21st Century - Needs
   and Perspective
CY FEB 15-17, 1999
CL ACCRA, GHANA
SP 12th Session Commiss Agr Meteorol, World Meteorol Org
DE agrometeorological database; climate data collection; climate data
   management; UCAN; WMO
ID SATELLITE
AB The major concerns for the availability of climate and agrometeorological data as we move into the 21st century continue to be in areas of data collection and data base management. New technologies have advanced our ability to address these issues but the solutions may require the commitment of resources that may yet be outside the reach of developing countries. This paper briefly reviews new and existing technologies in the areas of data collection methods with some emphasis on remote sensing methods. An example for a conceptual data base management system adapted by the US Department of Agriculture is presented as a framework for the acquisition, maintenance and distribution of climate and agrometeorological data for the 21st century. The access of data to the national and international community can be resolved with the standardization of data base management and electronic accessibility. Databases in the US have been upgraded for access through the World Wide Web, and include data archived from other countries that have co-operative programs with US institutions. The operational needs of national agricultural producers, researchers, and agricultural weather and crop forecasters are the focus of this paper although it also serves some of the needs of the international research community. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD USA.
   USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR USA.
   USDA, World Agr Outlook Board, Joint Agr Weather Facil, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
   Slovak Hydrometeorol Inst, Kosice, Slovakia.
RP Doraiswamy, PC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD USA.
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1923
J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL
JI Agric. For. Meteorol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2000
VL 103
IS 1-2
BP 83
EP 97
DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00120-9
PG 15
WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 322VP
UT WOS:000087530200009
ER

PT J
AU Schimmelpfennig, D
   Thirtle, C
   van Zyl, J
   Arnade, C
   Khatri, Y
AF Schimmelpfennig, D
   Thirtle, C
   van Zyl, J
   Arnade, C
   Khatri, Y
TI Short and long-run returns to agricultural R&D in South Africa, or will
   the real rate of return please stand up?
SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE South Africa; TFP; returns to agricultural R&D; profit function
ID PRODUCTIVITY
AB This paper briefly presents the results of a total factor productivity (TFP) study of South African commercial agriculture, for 1947-1997, and illustrates some potential pitfalls in rate of return to research (ROR) calculations. The lag between R&D and TFP is analyzed and found to be only 9 years, with a pronounced negative skew, reflecting the adaptive focus of the South African system. The two-stage approach gives a massive ROR of 170%. The predetermined lag parameters are then used in modeling the knowledge stock, to refine the estimates of the ROR from short- and long-run dual profit functions. In the short run, with the capital inputs treated as fixed, the ROR is a more reasonable 44%. In the long run, with adjustment of the capital stocks, it rises to 113%, which would reflect the fact that new technology is embodied in the capital items. However, the long-run model raises a new problem since capital stock adjustment takes 11 years, 2 years longer than the lag between R&D and TFP. If this is assumed to be the correct lag, the ROR falls to 58%, a best estimate. The paper draws attention to the possible sensitivity of rate of return calculations to assumed lag structure, particularly when the lag between changes in R&D and TFP is skewed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
   Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England.
   Univ Pretoria, Reading, Berks, England.
   Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
   US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Moscow, Russia.
   Int Monetary Fund, Washington, DC 20431 USA.
RP Schimmelpfennig, D (reprint author), US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
EM des@econ.ag.gov
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0169-5150
EI 1574-0862
J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL
JI Agric. Econ.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 23
IS 1
BP 1
EP 15
DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2000.tb00079.x
PG 15
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 327HQ
UT WOS:000087788800001
ER

PT J
AU Sadler, EJ
   Gerwig, BK
   Evans, DE
   Busscher, WJ
   Bauer, PJ
AF Sadler, EJ
   Gerwig, BK
   Evans, DE
   Busscher, WJ
   Bauer, PJ
TI Site-specific modeling of corn yield in the SE coastal plain
SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE corn yield; site-specific; computer simulation
AB When site-specific agriculture became technologically feasible, existing crop models made computer simulation a natural choice for predicting yield under various combinations of soil, weather, and management. However, modeling for site-specific farming may require both greater accuracy and sensitivity to more parameters than current models allow. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the DSSAT V3.5 corn model, CERES-Maize, for sensitivity to parameters important to site-specific farming. The model was unexpectedly insensitive to inputs for soil type, depth to clay, nitrogen, and plant population, suggesting areas for attention. Although it was appropriately sensitive to rainfall, indicating sensitivity to soil water content is generally correct, there are known problems with the curve number procedure that calculates runoff. The runoff routine needs improvement, and a separate routine may be needed to accommodate within-field redistribution of runoff. The model also responded to maximum air temperature, but since crop temperature varies more than air temperature, perhaps crop temperature should be calculated from air temperature and water stress. Model. accuracy issues aside, accommodating spatial inputs and model runs requires enhanced interfaces. These and other suggested enhancements to the model would improve its applicability for site-specific agriculture. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA.
RP Sadler, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA.
NR 4
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-521X
J9 AGR SYST
JI Agric. Syst.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 3
BP 189
EP 207
DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(00)00022-6
PG 19
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture
GA 337FU
UT WOS:000088347400004
ER

PT J
AU Grunwald, S
   Norton, LD
AF Grunwald, S
   Norton, LD
TI Calibration and validation of a non-point source pollution model
SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE AGNPS; non-point source pollution; rainfall-runoff modeling; surface
   runoff; sediment yield
ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; SENSITIVITY;
   WATERSHEDS; EROSION; AREAS; AGNPS
AB Surface runoff and sediment transport influence soil quality and the quality of receiving waters. Simulation models are useful tools to describe drainage behavior and sediment yield to develop management strategies for agricultural waters. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model (AGNPS) and modified versions comparing measured and predicted surface runoff and sediment yield at the drainage outlet. The study was carried out using 52 rainfall-runoff events from two small watersheds in Bavaria, 22 for calibration and 30 for validation. Evaluation of model outputs was based on graphical displays contrasting measured and predicted values for each rainfall-runoff event, and standard statistics such as coefficient of efficiency. A comparison between three different surface runoff methods el (uncalibrated curve number (CN) method), Q(2) (calibrated CN method), and Q(3) (Lutz method) showed that the uncalibrated CN method underestimated measured surface runoff considerable, while the Lutz method outperformed the calibrated CN method and was better than the uncalibrated CN method. The modifications made to sediment yield calculations encompassed: (i) replacement of the Universal Soil Loss Equation LS factor algorithm by one based on stream power theory (variant S-2), and (ii) linkage of channel erosion by individual categories of particle-size to runoff velocity (variant S-3) The sediment yield predictions by S-2 and S-3 outperformed the predictions of S-1 (USLE). Calculations based on S-3 gave the best agreement when compared to measured sediment yield values at the drainage outlet. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Grunwald, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RI Grunwald, Sabine/B-6866-2009; Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009
NR 36
TC 19
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3774
J9 AGR WATER MANAGE
JI Agric. Water Manage.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 45
IS 1
BP 17
EP 39
DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00074-8
PG 23
WC Agronomy; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 311EP
UT WOS:000086872000002
ER

PT J
AU Mitchell, JP
   Shennan, C
   Singer, MJ
   Peters, DW
   Miller, RO
   Prichard, T
   Grattan, SR
   Rhoades, JD
   May, DM
   Munk, DS
AF Mitchell, JP
   Shennan, C
   Singer, MJ
   Peters, DW
   Miller, RO
   Prichard, T
   Grattan, SR
   Rhoades, JD
   May, DM
   Munk, DS
TI Impacts of gypsum and winter cover crops on soil Physical properties and
   crop productivity when irrigated with saline water
SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE salinity; drainage water reuse; soil degradation
ID TOMATO; MANAGEMENT; NITRATE; DEFICIT
AB Reuse of saline subsurface drainage water far irrigation has been identified as a potential option for managing drainage volumes and sustaining crop productivity in California's San Joaquin Valley. Soil surface structural instability, crusting and poor stand establishment may, however, be constraints in drainage reuse systems. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effectiveness of winter cover crop incorporation and gypsum applications relative to conventional fallows for improving soil physical properties, stand establishment and crop productivity in a cropping system relying on the cyclic reuse of saline drainage for irrigation. Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Lana woolypod vetch (Vicia dasycarpa) and barley/vetch winter cover crop treatments were compared with gypsum amended and unamended winter fallows in a rotation of tomato-tomato-cotton as summer crops. Tomato seedling emergence was improved by 34% following incorporation of vetch in year 1 prior to saline irrigation application, but was unaffected by amendment treatment in year 2. Following two summer seasons in which saline drainage water was used for about 70% of the irrigation requirements, surface-applied gypsum significantly reduced soil crust strength an average of 14%, increased soil aggregate stability an average of 46%, and maintained cotton stand establishment relative to nonsaline irrigation. Emergence rates and final stand densities of cotton seedlings following incorporation of each of the cover crops, however, were significantly lower. The mechanism most likely responsible for reducing stand establishment was the formation of stubble-reinforced surface crusts that resulted in interconnected slabs that impeded timely emergence of seedlings. This type of physical impedance can create secondary effects such as increased disease which could also have played a role in reducing emergence. Yields of tomatoes irrigated with saline water were maintained relative to nonsaline irrigation in year 1, but were decreased by 33% in year 2. No reductions in cotton lint yield occurred as a result of saline irrigation in year 3. Soil electrical conductivity (ECe) increased from about 2-6 dS m(-1) during the course of this 3-year study despite leaching by winter rains. Cyclic reuse of saline subsurface drainage water may conserve good quality water and provide a means of sustaining crop productivity over short terms. Soil surface salt and boron accumulation, however, may be major constraints to this cropping strategy and will limit productivity if appropriate irrigation and crop management practices are not followed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
   Calif State Univ Fresno, Cooperat Extens, Fresno, CA 93702 USA.
RP Mitchell, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RI Shennan, Carol/I-1694-2013
OI Shennan, Carol/0000-0001-6401-5007
NR 43
TC 27
Z9 36
U1 3
U2 28
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3774
J9 AGR WATER MANAGE
JI Agric. Water Manage.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 45
IS 1
BP 55
EP 71
DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00070-0
PG 17
WC Agronomy; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 311EP
UT WOS:000086872000004
ER

PT J
AU Motavalli, PP
   Discekici, H
   Kuhn, J
AF Motavalli, PP
   Discekici, H
   Kuhn, J
TI The impact of land clearing and agricultural practices on soil organic C
   fractions and CO2 efflux in the Northern Guam aquifer
SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE land clearing; soil CO2 efflux; tillage; soil organic C fractions;
   active organic C pool
ID MATTER DYNAMICS; EXTRACTION METHOD; TROPICAL FOREST; CARBON; TILLAGE;
   AGROECOSYSTEMS; CULTIVATION; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN
AB The importance of the Northern Guam aquifer as a source of drinking water for the tropical Pacific island of Guam has stimulated public interest in the impact of forest clearing and conversion to agriculture on the region's environment. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of land clearing, tillage, and fertilization of tropical secondary forest on soil organic and organic C fractions in the shallow, calcareous soil that overlies most of Northern Guam. A field experiment was established on a secondary forest site in Northern Guam to simulate land clearing, cultivation and fertilization with two separate applications of N, P and K fertilizer or leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) leaves. Initial aboveground biomass of secondary forest was relatively low in comparison to that of other moist tropical forest sites, possibly because of poor soil fertility, shallow soil depth, and frequent natural disturbance from tropical storms. Rates of litterfall were also affected by the high winds associated with storm activity. Clearing, cultivation and fertilization over a 325-day period significantly reduced microbial biomass C. Soil surface CO2 efflux was characterized by short-term flushes shortly after tillage and was affected by soil moisture content and possibly by the proportion of active organic C contained in the soil. A comparison of commercial fields with continuous cultivation histories of 1-26 years and forest sites in Northern Guam showed approximately a 44% decrease in soil organic C within 5 years after conversion of secondary forest to continuous cultivation. Further information is needed on the effectiveness of minimum tillage, application of organic amendments, or improved crop residue management to maintain soil organic C in Northern Guam. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Univ Guam, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Agr Expt Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA.
   Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Maite, GU 96927 USA.
RP Motavalli, PP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM motavallip@missouri.edu
NR 41
TC 18
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8809
J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON
JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 79
IS 1
BP 17
EP 27
DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00139-5
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 318KU
UT WOS:000087283800003
ER

PT J
AU Sinclair, TR
   Pinter, PJ
   Kimball, BA
   Adamsen, FJ
   LaMorte, RL
   Wall, GW
   Hunsaker, DJ
   Adam, N
   Brooks, TJ
   Garcia, RL
   Thompson, T
   Leavitt, S
   Matthias, A
AF Sinclair, TR
   Pinter, PJ
   Kimball, BA
   Adamsen, FJ
   LaMorte, RL
   Wall, GW
   Hunsaker, DJ
   Adam, N
   Brooks, TJ
   Garcia, RL
   Thompson, T
   Leavitt, S
   Matthias, A
TI Leaf nitrogen concentration of wheat subjected to elevated [CO2] and
   either water or N deficits
SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE CO2 enrichment; forage quality; leaf nitrogen; nitrogen deficit; water
   deficit
ID FORAGE QUALITY; USE EFFICIENCY; ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; RESPONSES;
   PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NUTRITION; STRESS; CARBON; COTTON
AB Leaf N concentration is important because it is associated with the CO2 assimilatory capacity of crops, and in grasslands, it is an important determinant of forage nutritive value. Consequently, the productivity of both domestic and native animals in future global environments may be closely linked to possible changes in leaf N concentration of grasses. Since grasslands are frequently subjected to water-deficit or N-deficit conditions, it is important to investigate the interactive responses between elevated [CO2] and these stress conditions. Therefore, this 4-year research program was undertaken with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a model system for forage grasses, to document the potential changes in leaf N concentration in response to global environment changes. Wheat crops grown under field conditions near Phoenix, AZ, USA, were subjected to elevated [CO2] and either water-deficit or N-deficit treatments using large Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) arrays. Surprisingly, the elevated [CO2] treatment under optimum conditions resulted in little change in leaf N concentration. Therefore, no change in the nutritive value of forage from highly managed pastures would be expected. Further, water-deficit treatment had Little influence on leaf N concentration. To some extent, the lack of response to the water-deficit treatment resulted because severe deficits did not develop until late in the growing seasons. Only on one date late in the season was the water-deficit treatment found to result in decreased leaf N concentration. The low N treatment in combination with elevated [CO2], however, had a large influence on leaf N concentration. Low levels of applied N resulted in decreased leaf N concentration under both [CO2] treatments, but the lowest levels of leaf N concentration were obtained under elevated [CO2] through much of the growing season. These results point to a potential problem with grasslands in that the nutritive value of the forage consumed by animals will be decreased under future global environment changes. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA.
   Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
   LI COR Inc, Lincoln, NE USA.
RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
NR 21
TC 60
Z9 102
U1 1
U2 28
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8809
J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON
JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 79
IS 1
BP 53
EP 60
DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00146-2
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 318KU
UT WOS:000087283800006
ER

PT J
AU Idso, SB
   Kimball, BA
   Pettit, GR
   Garner, LC
   Pettit, GR
   Backhaus, RA
AF Idso, SB
   Kimball, BA
   Pettit, GR
   Garner, LC
   Pettit, GR
   Backhaus, RA
TI Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the growth and development of
   Hymenocallis littoralis (Amaryllidaceae) and the concentrations of
   several antineoplastic and antiviral constituents of its bulbs
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE Amaryllidaceae; antineoplastic agents; antiviral agents; cancer; carbon
   dioxide; global change; Hymenocallis littoralis; pancratistatin
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAVES; PLANTS; AGENTS;
   RESPONSES; FIELD; ISOCARBOSTYRILS; DROUGHT
AB Two 2-yr crops of tropical spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis) plants were grown in field soil in clear-plastic-wall open-top enclosures in the Sonoran Desert environment of central Arizona. Half of the plants were exposed to ambient air of 400 ppm atmospheric CO2 concentration and half of them were exposed to air of 700 ppm CO2. This 75% increase in the air's CO2 content resulted in a 48% increase in aboveground plans biomass and a 56% increase in belowground (bulb) biomass. is also increased the concentrations of five bulb constituents that have been demonstrated to possess anticancer and antiviral activities. Mean percentage increases in these concentrations were 6% for a two-constituent (1:1) mixture of 7-deoxynarciclasine and 7-deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine, 8% for pancratistatin, 8% for trans-dihydronarciclasine. and 28% for narciclasine. for a mean active ingredient percentage concentration increase of 12%. Combined with the 56% increase in bulb biomass, these percentage concentration increases resulted in a mean active ingredient increase of 75% for the 75% increase in the air's CO2 concentration used in our experiments.
C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA.
   Arizona State Univ, Canc Res Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP Idso, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA.
NR 43
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC
PI COLUMBUS
PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA
SN 0002-9122
J9 AM J BOT
JI Am. J. Bot.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 87
IS 6
BP 769
EP 773
DI 10.2307/2656884
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 326BB
UT WOS:000087711100002
PM 10860907
ER

PT J
AU Lin, YM
   Dueker, SR
   Burri, BJ
   Neidlinger, TR
   Clifford, AJ
AF Lin, YM
   Dueker, SR
   Burri, BJ
   Neidlinger, TR
   Clifford, AJ
TI Variability of the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in women
   measured by using a double-tracer study design
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE carotene; vitamin A; beta-carotene; absorption; metabolism; stable
   isotope; tracer; women
ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
   INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; PLASMA; VEGETABLES; HUMANS; RETINOL; PHASE;
   BIOAVAILABILITY; METABOLISM
AB Background: Blood beta-carotene and vitamin A responses to oral beta-carotene are variable in humans. Some individuals are characterized as responders and others as low- or nonresponders. A better understanding of the conditions that produce the variability is important to help design public health programs that ensure vitamin A sufficiency.
   Objective: Our objective was to assess variability in absorption and conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in vivo in humans by using a novel double-tracer [hexadeuterated (D-6) beta-carotene and D-6 retinyl acetate] approach.
   Design: Eleven healthy women were housed at the US Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition Research Center metabolic unit for 44 d, where they consumed diets adequate in vitamins and minerals except for carotenoids. After an adaptation period, the women were given 30 mu mol D-6 retinyl acetate orally, followed 1 wk later with 37 mu mol D-6 beta-carotene (approximately equimolar doses). Time-dependent plasma concentration curves were determined for D-6 retinol, D-6 beta-carotene, and trideuterated (D-3) retinol (derived from D-6 beta-carotene).
   Results: Mean (+/-SE) absorption of D-6 beta-carotene was 3.3 +/- 1.3% for all subjects. The mean conversion ratio was 0.81 +/- 0.34 mol D-6 retinol to 1 mol D-6 beta-carotene for all subjects. However, only 6 of the 11 subjects had plasma D-6 beta-carotene and D-6 retinol concentrations that we could measure. The mean absorption of D-6 beta-carotene in these 6 subjects was 6.1 +/- 0.02% and their conversion ratio was 1.47 +/- 0.49 mol D-6 retinol to 1 mol D-6 beta-carotene. The remaining 5 subjects were low responders with less than or equal to 0.01% absorption and a mean conversion ratio of 0.014 +/- 0.004 mol D-3 retinol to 1 mol D-6 beta-carotene.
   Conclusion: Variable absorption and conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A both contribute to the variable response to consumption of beta-carotene. Our double-tracer approach is adaptable for identifying efficient converters of carotenoid to retinoid.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA.
RP Clifford, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK48307]
NR 52
TC 56
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 71
IS 6
BP 1545
EP 1554
PG 10
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 320XN
UT WOS:000087426300025
PM 10837297
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, EJ
   Hammond, BR
   Yeum, KJ
   Qin, J
   Wang, XD
   Castaneda, C
   Snodderly, DM
   Russell, RM
AF Johnson, EJ
   Hammond, BR
   Yeum, KJ
   Qin, J
   Wang, XD
   Castaneda, C
   Snodderly, DM
   Russell, RM
TI Relation among serum and tissue concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin
   and macular pigment density
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE carotenoids; lutein; zeaxanthin; macular pigment; adults
ID BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-C; VEGETABLES; HUMANS; FRUITS; ACID
AB Background: Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids in the macular region of the retina (referred to as macular pigment [MP]). Foods that are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin can increase MP density. Response to dietary lutein and zeaxanthin in other tissues has not been studied.
   Objective: The objective of this study was to examine tissue responses to dietary lutein and zeaxanthin and relations among tissues in lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations.
   Design: Seven subjects consumed spinach and corn, which contain lutein and zeaxanthin, with their daily diets for 15 wk. At 0, 4, 8, and 15 wk and 2 mo after the study, serum, buccal mucosa cells, and adipose tissue were analyzed for carotenoids, and MP density was measured.
   Results: Serum and buccal cell concentrations of lutein increased significantly from baseline during dietary modification. Serum zeaxanthin concentrations were greater than at baseline only at 4 wk, whereas buccal cell and adipose tissue concentrations of zeaxanthin did not change. Adipose tissue lutein concentrations peaked at 8 wk. Changes in adipose tissue lutein concentration were inversely related to the changes in MP density, suggesting an interaction between adipose tissue and retina in lutein metabolism. To investigate the possibility of tissue interactions, we examined cross-sectional relations among serum, tissue, and dietary lutein concentrations, anthropometric measures, and MP density in healthy adults. Significant negative correlations were found between adipose tissue lutein concentrations and MP for women, but a significant positive relation was found for men.
   Conclusion: Sex differences in lutein metabolism may be an important factor in tissue interactions and in determining MP density.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   Schepens Eye Res Inst, Boston, MA USA.
RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 29
TC 196
Z9 204
U1 2
U2 16
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 71
IS 6
BP 1555
EP 1562
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 320XN
UT WOS:000087426300026
PM 10837298
ER

PT J
AU Burrin, DG
   Stoll, B
   Jiang, RH
   Chang, XY
   Hartmann, B
   Holst, JJ
   Greeley, GH
   Reeds, PJ
AF Burrin, DG
   Stoll, B
   Jiang, RH
   Chang, XY
   Hartmann, B
   Holst, JJ
   Greeley, GH
   Reeds, PJ
TI Minimal enteral nutrient requirements for intestinal growth in neonatal
   piglets: how much is enough?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE cell proliferation; glucagon-like peptide-2; GLP-2; PYY; peptide YY;
   total parenteral nutrition; enteral nutrition; minimal enteral feeding;
   preterm infants; premature infants; low-birth-weight infants; neonatal
   nutrition; neonatology
ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS;
   PEPTIDE-YY; GUT MASS; DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITY; AMINO-ACIDS; SMALL-BOWEL;
   FED RATS; FACTOR-I
AB Background: Parenterally nourished preterm infants commonly receive minimal enteral feedings, the aim being to enhance intestinal function. Whether this regimen increases intestinal growth has not been established.
   Objective: Our objective was to determine the minimal enteral nutrient intakes necessary to stimulate and to normalize neonatal intestinal growth.
   Methods: Intestinal growth and cell proliferation were quantified in neonatal pigs given equal amounts of an elemental nutrient solution for 7 d. Different groups (n = 5-7 per group) received 0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, or 100% of total nutrient intake enterally, with the remainder given parenterally.
   Results: In the jejunum, wet weight, protein mass, and villus height were significantly greater at enteral intakes >40%. Stimulation of ileal protein mass required a higher enteral intake (60%). In both segments, abrupt increases in DNA mass, crypt depth, ornithine decarboxylase activity, and crypt cells in S-phase occurred between enteral intakes of 40% and 60%. Circulating concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-2 and peptide YY, but not gastrin, increased significantly between enteral intakes of 40% and 60% and closely paralleled indexes of cell proliferation.
   Conclusions: The minimal enteral nutrient intake necessary to increase mucosal mass was 40% of total nutrient intake, whereas 60% enteral nutrition was necessary to sustain normal mucosal proliferation and growth. Our results imply that providing <40% of the total nutrient intake enterally does not have significant intestinal trophic effects.
C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Med Physiol, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
   Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77550 USA.
   Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01HD33920, R01HD35679]
NR 46
TC 134
Z9 140
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 71
IS 6
BP 1603
EP 1610
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 320XN
UT WOS:000087426300033
PM 10837305
ER

PT J
AU Ellis, KJ
AF Ellis, KJ
TI Variability of k terms in bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy - Reply
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Letter
ID BROMIDE DILUTION; WATER
C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Body Composit Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Body Composit Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 71
IS 6
BP 1617
EP 1618
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 320XN
UT WOS:000087426300036
ER

PT J
AU Meydani, M
AF Meydani, M
TI Effect of functional food ingredients: vitamin E modulation of
   cardiovascular diseases and immune status in the elderly
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 17th Ross Research Conference on Medical Issues
CY FEB 22-24, 1998
CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
SP Ross Prod Div, Abbott Lab Inc
DE functional food; aging; free radicals; vitamin E; antioxidants
ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; E SUPPLEMENTATION;
   E CONSUMPTION; ANTIOXIDANT; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ADHESION; FLAVONOIDS;
   MORTALITY
AB Increased accumulation of free radicals over time reduces the effectiveness of antioxidant defense mechanisms and heightens the vulnerability of older individuals to a variety of oxidative insults and associated pathologic conditions. Both nutritive and nonnutritive components of foods may slow declines in certain body functions. Ingestion of vitamin E, an antioxidant nutrient, in amounts above current recommendations may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, enhance immune status, and otherwise modulate important degenerative conditions associated with aging. Early adoption of proper dietary habits helps adults to maintain quality of life as they age. Increased intake of vitamin E through selection of foods with large amounts of that vitamin and daily consumption of 5-8 servings of fruit and vegetables may reduce risk for cardiovascular disease and improve immune function in later life.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 42
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 71
IS 6
SU S
BP 1665S
EP 1668S
PG 4
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 321NW
UT WOS:000087462400004
PM 10837312
ER

PT J
AU Dwyer, J
   Roberfroid, MB
   Crowell, JA
   Green, GM
   Meydani, M
   Craig, L
   Marriott, BM
   Milner, JA
   Hathcock, JN
   Bistrian, BR
AF Dwyer, J
   Roberfroid, MB
   Crowell, JA
   Green, GM
   Meydani, M
   Craig, L
   Marriott, BM
   Milner, JA
   Hathcock, JN
   Bistrian, BR
TI Physiologically active food components: Their role in optimizing health
   and aging - Discussion 1
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS;
   ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PREVENTION
C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Catholique Louvain, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
   NCI, Chemoprevent Branch, Rockville, MD USA.
   Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA.
   Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
   No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
   Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   Council Responsible Nutr, Washington, DC USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA.
RP Dwyer, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 71
IS 6
SU S
BP 1674S
EP 1675S
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 321NW
UT WOS:000087462400006
ER

PT J
AU Roberfroid, MB
   Arab, L
   Meydani, M
   Dwyer, J
   Green, GM
   Crowell
   Milner, JA
   Weisburger, JH
AF Roberfroid, MB
   Arab, L
   Meydani, M
   Dwyer, J
   Green, GM
   Crowell
   Milner, JA
   Weisburger, JH
TI Physiologically active food components: Their role in optimizing health
   and aging - Discussion 3
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA; SERUM
C1 Univ Catholique Louvain, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
   Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA.
   NCI, Chemoprevent Branch, Rockville, MD USA.
   Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   Amer Hlth Fdn, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
RP Roberfroid, MB (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 71
IS 6
SU S
BP 1696S
EP 1697S
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 321NW
UT WOS:000087462400012
ER

PT J
AU Arab, L
   Mukhtar, H
   Watson, RR
   Milner, JA
   Weisburger, JH
   Meydani, M
   Beck, MA
   Crowell
   Green, GM
   Dwyer, J
AF Arab, L
   Mukhtar, H
   Watson, RR
   Milner, JA
   Weisburger, JH
   Meydani, M
   Beck, MA
   Crowell
   Green, GM
   Dwyer, J
TI Physiologically active food components: Their role in optimizing health
   and aging - Discussion 4
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA.
   Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
   Univ Arizona, Arizona Prevent Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA.
   Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   Amer Hlth Fdn, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
   Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   NCI, Chemoprevent Branch, Rockville, MD USA.
   Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Arab, L (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA.
NR 2
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 71
IS 6
SU S
BP 1703S
EP 1704S
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 321NW
UT WOS:000087462400014
ER

PT J
AU Shangraw, RE
   Jahoor, F
AF Shangraw, RE
   Jahoor, F
TI Lipolysis and lipid oxidation in cirrhosis and after liver
   transplantation
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE palmitate; glycerol; reesterification; insulin; humans
ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE;
   SKELETAL-MUSCLE; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE; GLYCEROL; CARBOHYDRATE; HUMANS
AB On the basis of the finding that plasma glycerol concentration is not controlled by clearance in healthy humans, it has been proposed that elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol concentrations in cirrhotic subjects are caused by accelerated lipolysis. This proposal has not been validated. We infused 10 volunteers, 10 cirrhotic subjects, and 10 patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with [1-C-13]palmitate and [H-2(5)]glycerol to compare fluxes (R-a) and FFA oxidation. Cirrhotic subjects had higher plasma palmitate (52%) and glycerol (33%) concentrations than controls. Palmitate R-a was faster (1.45 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.85 +/- 0.17 mu mol . kg(-1) . min(-1)) but glycerol R-a and clearance slower (1.20 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.90 +/- 0.24 mu mol . kg(-1) . min(-1) and 21.2 +/- 1.2 vs. 44.7 +/- 4.9 ml . kg(-) . h(-1), respectively) than in controls. After OLT, plasma palmitate and glycerol concentrations and palmitate R-a did not differ, but glycerol R-a (1.16 +/- 0.11 mu mol . kg(-1) . min(-1)) and clearance (26.7 +/- 2.4 ml . kg(-) . h(-1)) were slower than in controls. We conclude that 1) impaired reesterification, not accelerated lipolysis, elevates FFA in cirrhotic subjects; 2) normalized FFA after OLT masks impaired reesterification; and 3) plasma glycerol concentration poorly reflects lipolytic rate in cirrhosis and after OLT.
C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Shangraw, RE (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, UHS-2,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00334]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-40566, DK-19525]
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0193-1857
J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L
JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 278
IS 6
BP G967
EP G973
PG 7
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology
GA 323NK
UT WOS:000087571700018
PM 10859227
ER

PT J
AU Grosse, WM
   Kappes, SM
   McGraw, RA
AF Grosse, WM
   Kappes, SM
   McGraw, RA
TI Linkage mapping and comparative analysis of bovine expressed sequence
   tags (ESTs)
SO ANIMAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE bovine cDNA library; comparative mapping; expressed sequence tags;
   linkage mapping; Microsatellite; polymorphism
ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; GENE SNAIL; ZOO-FISH; MAP;
   PROTEIN; CATTLE; CDNA; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION
AB Bovine expressed sequence tags (ESTs) containing microsatellites are suitable markers for both linkage and comparative maps. We isolated clones from a bovine fetal thigh skeletal muscle cDNA library that were positive for a (CA)(10) probe. Thirty individual clones were isolated and characterised by sequencing. Sequences from the 5' and 3' ends of a clone were considered as separate ESTs until a contiguous sequence was identified. A total of 47 ESTs were sequenced from the 5' and/or 3' ends and full sequence was obtained for the 30 clones. BLAST nucleotide analysis identified significant homology to known mammalian coding regions for 31 of the bovine ESTs, 30 of which also matched human ESTs or sequence-tagged sites (STS). The remaining 16 bovine ESTs represented novel transcripts. Microsatellites were isolated in 27 of the ESTs, 11 of which were developed into markers and placed on the MARC bovine linkage map. Human cytogenetic map positions were available for 20 of the 30 human EST orthologs, and a putative bovine map position for 17 of the sequences could be inferred using comparative mapping data. These results demonstrated that mapping bovine ESTs containing microsatellites is a plausible strategy to increase the density of gene markers on the bovine linkage and comparative maps.
C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
RP McGraw, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
NR 43
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0268-9146
J9 ANIM GENET
JI Anim. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 31
IS 3
BP 171
EP 177
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2000.00625.x
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity
SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity
GA 322DE
UT WOS:000087494300003
PM 10895307
ER

PT J
AU Gu, Z
   Gomez-Raya, L
   Vage, DI
   Elo, K
   Barendse, W
   Davis, G
   Grosz, M
   Erhardt, G
   Kalm, E
   Reinsch, N
   Kappes, SM
   Stone, RT
   Davis, SK
   Taylor, JF
   Kirkpatrick, BW
AF Gu, Z
   Gomez-Raya, L
   Vage, DI
   Elo, K
   Barendse, W
   Davis, G
   Grosz, M
   Erhardt, G
   Kalm, E
   Reinsch, N
   Kappes, SM
   Stone, RT
   Davis, SK
   Taylor, JF
   Kirkpatrick, BW
TI Consensus and comprehensive linkage maps of bovine chromosome 7
SO ANIMAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE cattle; framework map; genetic marker; genetics
AB The objective of this project was to integrate the currently available linkage maps for bovine chromosome 7 (BTA7) by combining data sets from eight research groups. A total of 54 unique markers were typed in eight pedigrees. Multilocus linkage analysis with CRI-MAP produced a bovine chromosome 7 consensus framework map of 27 loci ordered with odds greater than 1000 : 1. Furthermore, we present a bovine chromosome 7 comprehensive map integrating 54 loci. The locus order is in general agreement with the recently published linkage maps except for one discrepancy. The order of loci BM9289, BMS713, and ILSTS001 was reversed in the consensus framework map relative to the published USDA-MARC bovine chromosome 7 linkage map.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Agr Univ Norway, Dept Anim Sci, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway.
   Agr Res Ctr MTT, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
   CSIRO, Mol Anim Genet Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
   ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT USA.
   Univ Giessen, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.
   Univ Kiel, Inst Tierzucht & Tierhaltung, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
   USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Kirkpatrick, BW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RI Barendse, William/D-8608-2011
OI Barendse, William/0000-0002-5464-0658
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0268-9146
J9 ANIM GENET
JI Anim. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 31
IS 3
BP 206
EP 209
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2000.00627.x
PG 4
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity
SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity
GA 322DE
UT WOS:000087494300008
PM 10895312
ER

PT J
AU Li, YG
   Dewald, CL
   Sokolov, VA
AF Li, YG
   Dewald, CL
   Sokolov, VA
TI Sectional delineation of sexual Tripsacum dactyloides - T-maizar
   allotriploids
SO ANNALS OF BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE Tripsacum allotriploid; sectional delineation; RAPD; inflorescence
   morphology
ID EASTERN GAMAGRASS; POLYMORPHISMS; GRAMINEAE; APOMIXIS; POACEAE
AB In recent studies it was determined that certain allotriploids produced from crosses of sexual diploid Tripsacum dactyloides (2n = 2x= 36), section Tripsacum and apomictic tetraploid T. maizar (2n = 4x = 72), section Fasciculata reproduce sexually. Backcrossing progenies can be clearly classified to either sect. Tripcacum or sect. Fasciculata due to their distinctively different inflorescence phenotype. More importantly, the sectional delineation of the progeny shifted in the direction of the pollinator through genome substitution, which is not to be expected following just one generation of backcrossing in a normal breeding program. Our main objective was to investigate whether there were potential genetic differences between the genomes from sect. Tripsacum and sect. Fasciculata at the molecular level that correlate with such morphological shifts in these unusual sexual allotriploids. Cluster analysis based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of these sexual allotriploids clearly indicated that substantial differences among many loci do exist between T. dactyloides and T. maizar. These results support the taxonomic classification of Tripsacum species into section Tripsacum and section Fasciculata.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA.
   Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol & Genet, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
RP Dewald, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA.
RI Sokolov, Victor/N-7949-2015
OI Sokolov, Victor/0000-0002-5824-0248
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0305-7364
J9 ANN BOT-LONDON
JI Ann. Bot.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 85
IS 6
BP 845
EP 850
DI 10.1006/anbo.2000.1144
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 321UA
UT WOS:000087472000016
ER

PT J
AU Gilbert, GA
   Knight, JD
   Vance, CP
   Allan, DL
AF Gilbert, GA
   Knight, JD
   Vance, CP
   Allan, DL
TI Proteoid root development of phosphorus deficient lupin is mimicked by
   auxin and phosphonate
SO ANNALS OF BOTANY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on Cluster Roots held at th e XVIth
   International Botanical Congress
CY 1999
CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI
DE Lupinus albus L.; white lupin; proteoid roots; auxin; ethylene;
   phosphonate; phosphorus deficiency
ID PHOSPHATE-STARVATION RESPONSE; WHITE LUPIN; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE
   CARBOXYLASE; FUNGICIDE PHOSPHONATE; ETHYLENE; STRESS; GROWTH;
   ARABIDOPSIS; PHYSIOLOGY; TRANSPORT
AB White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) develops proteoid (cluster) roots in response to phosphorus deficiency. Proteoid roots are composed of tight clusters of rootlets that initiate from the pericycle opposite protoxylem poles and emerge from every protoxylem pole within the proteoid root axis. Auxins are required for lateral root development, but little is known of their role in proteoid root formation. Proteoid root numbers were dramatically increased in P-sufficient (+P) plants by application of the synthetic auxin, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), to leaves, and were reduced in P-deficient (-P) plants by the presence of auxin transport inhibitors [2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA)]. While ethylene concentrations in the root zone were 1.5-fold higher in -P plants, there was no effect on proteoid root numbers of the ethylene inhibitors aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and silver thiosulphate. Phosphonate, which interferes with plant perception of internal P concentration, dramatically increased the number of proteoid root segments in +P plants. Activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and exuded acid phosphatase in proteoid root segments were not different from +P controls when NAA was applied to +P lupin plants, bur increased to levels comparable to -P plants in the phosphonate treatment. Addition of TIBA or NPA to -P plants reduced PEPC and MDH activity of -P proteoid roots to levels found in SP or -P normal root tissues, but did not affect acid phosphatase in root exudates. These results suggest that auxin transport from the shoot plays a role in the formation of proteoid roots during P deficiency. Auxin-stimulated proteoid root formation is necessary, but not sufficient, to signal the up-regulation of PEPC and MDH in proteoid root segments. In contrast, phosphonate applied to P-sufficient white lupin elicits the full suite of coordinated responses to P deficiency (C) 2000 Annals of Botany Company.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Allan, DL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
NR 40
TC 120
Z9 140
U1 3
U2 22
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0305-7364
J9 ANN BOT-LONDON
JI Ann. Bot.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 85
IS 6
BP 921
EP 928
DI 10.1006/anbo.2000.1133
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 321UA
UT WOS:000087472000024
ER

PT J
AU Skory, CD
AF Skory, CD
TI Isolation and expression of lactate dehydrogenase genes from Rhizopus
   oryzae
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; L-(+)-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE;
   ACID-SEQUENCE; CDNA SEQUENCE; LACTIC-ACID; A ISOZYME; CLONING; AMINO;
   STEAROTHERMOPHILUS
AB Rhizopus oryzae is used for industrial production of lactic acid, yet little is known about the genetics of this fungus. In this study I cloned two genes, ldhA and ldhB, which code for NAD(+)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) (EC 1.1.1.27), from a lactic acid-producing strain of R, oryzae, These genes are similar to each other and exhibit more than 90% nucleotide sequence identity and they contain no introns, This is the first description of ldh genes in a fungus, and sequence comparisons revealed that these genes are distinct from previously isolated prokaryotic and eukaryotic ldh genes. Protein sequencing of the LDH isolated from R, oryzae during lactic acid production confirmed that ldhA codes for a 36-kDa protein that converts pyruvate to lactate, Production of LdhA was greatest when glucose was the carbon source, followed by xylose and trehalose; all of these sugars could be fermented to lactic acid. Transcripts from ldhB were not detected when R. oryzae was grown on any of these sugars but were present when R, oryzae was grown on glycerol, ethanol, and lactate. I hypothesize that ldhB encodes a second NAD(+)-dependent LDH that is capable of converting L-lactate to pyruvate and is produced by cultures grown on these nonfermentable substrates, Both ldhA and ldhB restored fermentative growth to Escherichia coli (ldhA pfl) mutants so that they grew anaerobically and produced lactic acid.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Skory, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 40
TC 59
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 66
IS 6
BP 2343
EP 2348
DI 10.1128/AEM.66.6.2343-2348.2000
PG 6
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 319TP
UT WOS:000087358700010
PM 10831409
ER

PT J
AU Kimura, R
   Mandrell, RE
   Galland, JC
   Hyatt, D
   Riley, LW
AF Kimura, R
   Mandrell, RE
   Galland, JC
   Hyatt, D
   Riley, LW
TI Restriction-site-specific PCR as a rapid test to detect
   enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 strains in environmental
   samples
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEMORRHAGIC
   COLITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEROTYPE O157-H7; STOOL SPECIMENS;
   MULTIPLEX PCR; GROUND-BEEF; SHIGA; IMMUNOASSAY
AB Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia call (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen in industrialized countries. We developed a rapid and simple test for detecting E. coli O157:H7 using a method based on restriction site polymorphisms. Restriction-site-specific PCR (RSS-PCR) involves the amplification of DNA fragments using primers based on specific restriction enzyme recognition sequences, without the use of endonucleases, to generate a set of amplicons that yield "fingerprint" patterns when resolved electrophoretically on an agarose gel. The method was evaluated in a blinded study of E. coli isolates obtained from environmental samples collected at beef cattle feedyards. The 54 isolates were all initially identified by a commonly used polyclonal antibody test as belonging to O157:H7 serotype. They were retested by anti-O157 and anti-arl monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The RSS-PCR method identified all 28 isolates that were shown to be E. coli O157:H7 by the monoclonal antibody ELISA as belonging to the O157:H7 serotype. Of the remaining 26 ELISA-confirmed non-O157:H7 strains, the method classified 25 strains as non-O157:H7. The specificity of the RSS-PCR results correlated better with the monoclonal antibody ELISA than with the polyclonal antibody latex agglutination tests. The RSS-PCR method may be a useful test to distinguish E. coli O157:H7 from a large number of E. coli isolates from environmental samples.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis & Immun Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Food Anim Hlth & Management Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Riley, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis & Immun Program, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017
NR 33
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 66
IS 6
BP 2513
EP 2519
DI 10.1128/AEM.66.6.2513-2519.2000
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 319TP
UT WOS:000087358700032
PM 10831431
ER

PT J
AU Pawlowska, TE
   Chaney, RL
   Chin, L
   Charvat, I
AF Pawlowska, TE
   Chaney, RL
   Chin, L
   Charvat, I
TI Effects of metal phytoextraction practices on the indigenous community
   of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a metal-contaminated landfill
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MINE SPOIL; SOIL; PHYTOREMEDIATION; CADMIUM; ROOTS; COLONIZATION;
   PLANTS; ZINC; ESTABLISHMENT; REVEGETATION
AB Phytoextraction involves use of plants to remove toxic metals from soil. We examined the effects of phyto-extraction practices with three plant species (Silene vulgaris, Thlaspi caerulescens, and Zea mays) and a factorial variation of soil amendments (either an ammonium or nitrate source of nitrogen and the presence or absence of an elemental sulfur supplement) on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes) at a moderately metal-contaminated landfill located in St. Paul, Minn, Specifically, we tested whether the applied treatments affected the density of glomalean spores and AM root colonization in maize, Glomalean fungi from the landfill were grouped into two morphotypes characterized by either light-colored spores (LCS) or dark-colored spores (DCS), Dominant species of the LCS morphotype were Glomus mosseae and an unidentified Glomus sp., whereas the DCS morphotype was dominated by Glomus constrictum. The density of spores of the LCS morphotype from the phytoremediated area was lower than the density of these spores in the untreated landfill soil. Within the experimental area, spore density of the LCS morphotype in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal maize was significantly higher than in rhizospheres of nonmycorrhizal S. vulgaris or T. caerulescens, Sulfur supplement increased vesicular root colonization in maize and exerted a negative effect on spore density in maize rhizosphere. We conclude that phytoextraction practices, e.g., the choice of plant species and soil amendments, may have a great impact on the quantity and species composition of glomalean propagules as well as on mycorrhiza functioning during long-term metal-remediation treatments.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 220, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Charvat, I (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 220, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM charv001@maroon.tc.umn.edu
NR 42
TC 44
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 66
IS 6
BP 2526
EP 2530
DI 10.1128/AEM.66.6.2526-2530.2000
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 319TP
UT WOS:000087358700034
PM 10831433
ER

PT J
AU Ganskopp, D
   Cruz, R
   Johnson, DE
AF Ganskopp, D
   Cruz, R
   Johnson, DE
TI Least-effort pathways?: a GIS analysis of livestock trails in rugged
   terrain
SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE cattle feeding and nutrition; rangeland; optimum foraging; global
   positioning system; GPS; geographic information system; foraging;
   grazing behavior; efficiency
ID CATTLE; DEER
AB Livestock trails frequently evolve in pastures when plant growth or establishment cannot keep pace with vegetation disturbance. In some instances, man-made trails are established in rangeland settings to encourage uniform use of forages or facilitate livestock passage through dense vegetation or across rugged terrain. A long-term assumption has been that Livestock establish pathways of least resistance between frequented areas of their pastures, but this hypothesis has never been tested. We mapped cattle trails in three 800 + ha pastures with global positioning units. A geographic information system (GIS) helped quantify characteristics of trails and the landscape and was used to plot least-effort pathways between water sources and distant points on selected trails in the pastures. Characteristics of the cattle trails and least-effort pathways were compared to test the hypothesis that cattle develop least-effort routes of travel in rugged terrain. The mean slope of the three pastures was 13.5%, and the average slope of the topography traversed by the cattle trails was 8%, The slope of the trails was reduced to 5.2% by selection of cross-slope routes. When we compared the characteristics of 10 selected cattle trails and least-effort pathways generated by our GIS, the cattle trails were 11% shorter(P = 0.046) than the least-effort pathways and the topography traversed by cattle had a gradient about 1% less than the least-effort pathways (P = 0.02). The slope of the selected trails (5.5%) and pathways (5.6%) were similar(P = 0.74), however. Analyses of values extracted from cost surfaces indicated that, on the average, 183 units of effort were needed to traverse the trails and 170 units of effort expended to traverse the least-effort pathways (P = 0.07). These data support the hypothesis that cattle establish least-effort routes between distant points in rugged terrain and suggest that GIS software may be useful in designing systems of livestock trails in extensive settings. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA.
   EOARC, Burns, OR 97720 USA.
   Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA.
RP Ganskopp, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, HC-71,4-51 Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA.
NR 9
TC 43
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1591
J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI
JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 68
IS 3
BP 179
EP 190
DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(00)00101-5
PG 12
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary
   Sciences
SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences
GA 312HD
UT WOS:000086936600001
ER

PT J
AU Cary, JW
   Ehrlich, KC
   Wright, M
   Chang, PK
   Bhatnagar, D
AF Cary, JW
   Ehrlich, KC
   Wright, M
   Chang, PK
   Bhatnagar, D
TI Generation of aflR disruption mutants of Aspergillus parasiticus
SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; REGULATORY PROTEIN AFLR; AFLATOXIN
   BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE-CLUSTER; AMBIENT PH; PATHWAY; NIDULANS;
   STERIGMATOCYSTIN; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE
AB The aflR gene of Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus encodes a binuclear zinc-finger, DNA-binding protein, AflR, responsible for activating the transcription of all known aflatoxin biosynthetic genes including itself. Studies to determine how environmental and nutritional factors affect aflR expression and hence aflatoxin production in A. parasiticus have been difficult to perform due to the lack of aflR "knockout" mutants. Transformation of an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)-accumulating strain of A. parasiticus with an aflR-niaD gene disruption vector resulted in clones harboring a recombinationally inactivated aflR gene which no longer produced OMST or aflR transcript. By transformation of this aflR disruptant strain with constructs containing mutated versions of the aflR promoter, we identified three cis-acting sites that were necessary for aflR function: an AflR-binding site, a PacC-binding site, and a G + A-rich site near the transcription start site of aflR.
C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA.
RP Cary, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA.
NR 25
TC 30
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0175-7598
J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT
JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 53
IS 6
BP 680
EP 684
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 334BB
UT WOS:000088164300009
PM 10919326
ER

PT J
AU Solaiman, DKY
   Ashby, RD
   Foglia, TA
AF Solaiman, DKY
   Ashby, RD
   Foglia, TA
TI Rapid and specific identification of medium-chain-length
   polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene by polymerase chain reaction
SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BACTERIAL POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; PSEUDOMONADS; POLYESTERS; TAXONOMY;
   ACIDS
AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed for the specific detection of genes coding for type II polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases. The primer-pair, I-179L and I-179R, was based on the highly conserved sequences found in the coding regions of Pseudomonas phaC1 and phaC2 genes. Purified genomic DNA or lysate of colony suspension can serve equally well as the target sample for the PCR, thus affording a simple and rapid screening of phaC1/C2-containing microorganisms. Positive samples yield a specific 540-bp PCR product representing partial coding sequences of the phaC1/C2 genes. Using the PCR method, P. corrugata 388 was identified for the first time as a medium-chain-length (mcl)-PHA producer. Electron microscopic study and PHA isolation confirmed the production of mcl-PHA in P. corrugata 388. The mcl-PHA of this organism has a higher molecular weight than that of similar polymers produced by other pseudomonads.
C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 21
TC 56
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 6
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0175-7598
J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT
JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 53
IS 6
BP 690
EP 694
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 334BB
UT WOS:000088164300011
PM 10919328
ER

PT J
AU Johnston, ML
   Miernyk, JA
   Randall, DD
AF Johnston, ML
   Miernyk, JA
   Randall, DD
TI Use of sulfhydryl-directed inhibitors in vitro to distinguish activities
   of the mitochondrial and plastidic forms of pyruvate dehydrogenase
SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; COMPLEX; NUCLEOTIDE; CLONING; MAIZE
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Johnston, ML (reprint author), Monsanto Co, Myst Locat,62 Maritime Dr, Mystic, CT 06355 USA.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0003-9861
J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS
JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
PD JUN 1
PY 2000
VL 378
IS 1
BP 192
EP 193
DI 10.1006/abbi.2000.1840
PG 2
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 323HZ
UT WOS:000087561100025
PM 10871061
ER

PT J
AU Buckner, JS
   Poprawski, TJ
   Jones, WA
   Nelson, DR
AF Buckner, JS
   Poprawski, TJ
   Jones, WA
   Nelson, DR
TI Effect of whitefly parasitoids on the cuticular lipid composition of
   Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) nymphs
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Eretmocerus mundus; Encarsia pergandiella; CGC-MS; hydrocarbons;
   2-methylalkanes
ID TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM; GRYLLUS-PENNSYLVANICUS; NEMOBIUS-FASCIATUS;
   ERETMOCERUS-MUNDUS; ADULT WHITEFLIES; SWEET-POTATO; TABACI;
   HYDROCARBONS; SILVERLEAF; EXUVIAE
AB Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of whitefly parasitoids on the cuticular lipid composition of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring [=sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Biotype B] nymphs, The cuticular lipids of B. argentifolii nymphs that had been attacked by parasitic wasps, either Eretmocerus mundus Mercet or Encarsia pergandiella Howard, were characterized by capillary gas chromatography and CGC-mass spectrometry and the results compared with the cuticular lipids of unparasitized nymphs, Previous studies with B. argentifolii nymphs had shown that wax esters were the major components of the cuticular lipids with lesser amounts of hydrocarbons, long-chain aldehydes, and long-chain alcohols. No appreciable changes in lipid composition were observed for the cuticular lipids of E. pergandiella-parasitized nymphs as compared to unparasitized controls, However, the cuticular lipids from nymphs parasitized by E. mundus contained measurable quantities of two additional components in their hy drocarbon fraction. Analyses and comparisons with an authentic standard indicated that the two hydrocarbons were the even-numbered chain length methyl-branched alkanes, 2-methyltriacontane and 2-methyldotriacontane. The occurrences and possible functions of 2-methylalkanes as cuticular lipid components of insects are discussed and specifically, in regard to host recognition, acceptance, and discrimination by parasitoids. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 44:82-89, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.
   USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX USA.
RP Buckner, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.
NR 38
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0739-4462
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 44
IS 2
BP 82
EP 89
DI 10.1002/1520-6327(200006)44:2<82::AID-ARCH3>3.0.CO;2-4
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA 319YM
UT WOS:000087373900003
PM 10861868
ER

PT J
AU Lichtenstein, AH
   Schwab, US
AF Lichtenstein, AH
   Schwab, US
TI Relationship of dietary fat to glucose metabolism
SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS
LA English
DT Review
DE diabetes; diet; fatty acids; saturated fat; monounsaturated fat;
   polyunsaturated fat; glucose; insulin; carbohydrate
ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET; PERIPHERAL INSULIN
   SENSITIVITY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE PHOSPHOLIPIDS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL ESTERS;
   CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HEALTHY-YOUNG FEMALES; ACID-ENRICHED DIETS;
   SATURATED FAT; LIPID-METABOLISM
AB The relationship between dietary fat and glucose metabolism has been recognized for at least 60 years. In experimental animals, high fat diets result in impaired glucose tolerance. This impairment is associated with decreased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism. Impaired insulin binding and/or glucose transporters has been related to changes in the fatty acid composition of the membrane induced by dietary fat modification. In humans, high-fat diets, independent of fatty acid profile, have been reported to result in decreased insulin sensitivity. Saturated fat, relative to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat, appears to be more deleterious with respect to fat-induced insulin insensitivity. Some of the adverse effects induced by fat feeding can be ameliorated with omega-3 fatty acid. Epidemiological data in humans suggest that subjects with higher intakes of fat are more prone to develop disturbances in glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, than subjects with lower intakes of fat. Inconsistencies in the data may be attributable to clustering of high intakes of dietary fat (especially animal fat) with obesity and inactivity. Metabolic studies suggest that higher-fat diets containing a higher proportion of unsaturated fat result in better measures of glucose metabolism than high-carbohydrate diet. Clearly, the area of dietary fat and glucose metabolism has yet to be fully elucidated. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Kuopio, Dept Clin Nutr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 134
TC 112
Z9 122
U1 2
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0021-9150
J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS
JI Atherosclerosis
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 150
IS 2
BP 227
EP 243
DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00504-3
PG 17
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 324NW
UT WOS:000087629100001
PM 10856515
ER

PT J
AU Martin, KR
   Wu, D
   Meydani, M
AF Martin, KR
   Wu, D
   Meydani, M
TI The effect of carotenoids on the expression of cell surface adhesion
   molecules and binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells
SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE carotenoids; lycopene; adhesion molecule; endothelial cell; U937
ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; KAPPA-B MOBILIZATION; BETA-CAROTENE;
   CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANTS INHIBIT; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION;
   VEGETABLE INTAKE; HUMAN HEALTH; LYCOPENE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS
AB Several large epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between elevated plasma carotenoid levels and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). One proposed mechanism for the beneficial effect of carotenoids is through functional modulation of potentially atherogenic processes associated with the vascular endothelium. To test this, we incubated confluent human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) cultures (passages 4-8) for 24 h with each of the five most prevalent carotenoids in human plasma, which are alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and lycopene, at an approximate concentration of 1 mu mol/l. Carotenoids were solubilized in 0.7% (v/v) tetrahydrofuran and incorporated into FBS before adding to cell culture medium. Due to disparate solubilities in aqueous medium, final concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and lycopene were 1.7, 1.1, 0.7, 0.9, and 0.3 mu mol/l and monolayers accumulated 647, 158, 7, 113, and 9 pmol/mg protein, respectively. Monolayers were then stimulated with IL-1 beta (5 ng/ml) for 6 h with subsequent determination of cell surface expression of adhesion molecules as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To assess endothelial cell adhesion to monocytes, IL-1 beta-stimulated monolayers were incubated for 10 min with Cr-51-labeled U937 monocytic cells and adhesion determined by isotope counting. Pre-incubation of HAEC with beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene significantly reduced VCAM-1 expression by 29, 28, and 13%, respectively. Pre-incubation with beta-carotene and lutein significantly reduced E-selectin expression by 38 and 34%, respectively. Pre-treatment with beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene significantly reduced the expression of ICAM-1 by 11, 14, and 18%, respectively. While other carotenoids were ineffective, lycopene attenuated both IL-1 beta-stimulated and spontaneous HAEC adhesion to U937 monocytic cells by 20 and 25%, respectively. Thus, among the carotenoids, lycopene appears to be most effective in reducing both HAEC adhesion to monocytes and expression of adhesion molecules on the cell surface. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 68
TC 73
Z9 77
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0021-9150
J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS
JI Atherosclerosis
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 150
IS 2
BP 265
EP 274
DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00375-5
PG 10
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 324NW
UT WOS:000087629100004
PM 10856518
ER

PT J
AU Wityk, RJ
   Kittner, SJ
   Jenner, JL
   Hebel, JR
   Epstein, A
   Wozniak, MA
   Stolley, PD
   Stern, BJ
   Sloan, MA
   Price, TR
   McCarter, RJ
   Macko, RF
   Johnson, CJ
   Earley, CJ
   Buchholz, DW
   Schaefer, EJ
AF Wityk, RJ
   Kittner, SJ
   Jenner, JL
   Hebel, JR
   Epstein, A
   Wozniak, MA
   Stolley, PD
   Stern, BJ
   Sloan, MA
   Price, TR
   McCarter, RJ
   Macko, RF
   Johnson, CJ
   Earley, CJ
   Buchholz, DW
   Schaefer, EJ
TI Lipoprotein (a) and the risk of ischemic stroke in young women
SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE ischemic stroke; lipoprotein (a); stroke in the young
ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM LIPOPROTEIN(A);
   APOLIPOPROTEIN(A) PHENOTYPE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CEREBRAL INFARCTION;
   LP(A) LIPOPROTEIN; POTENTIAL ROLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MEN
AB Background and purpose: lipoprotein (a) (lp (a)) is a lipid-containing particle similar to LDL which has been found in atherosclerotic plaque. The role of lp (a) in ischemic stroke remains controversial, but some studies suggest lp (a) is particularly important as a risk factor for stroke in young adults. We investigated the role of lp (a) as a risk factor for stroke in young women enrolled in the Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study. Methods: subjects were participants in a population-based, case-control study of risk factors for ischemic stroke in young women. Cases were derived from surveillance of 59 regional hospitals in the central Maryland, Washington DC, Pennsylvania and Delaware area. Lp (a) was measured in 110 cases and 216 age-matched controls. Demographics, risk factors, and stroke subtype were determined by interview and review of medical records. Results: lp (a) values were higher in blacks than whites, but within racial groups, the distribution of lp (a) values was similar between cases and controls. After adjustment for age, race, hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, coronary artery disease, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, the odds ratio for an association of lp (a) and stroke was 1.36 (95% CI 0.80-2.29). There was no dose-response relationship between lp (a) quintile and stroke risk. Among stroke subtypes, only lacunar stroke patients had significantly elevated lp (a) values compared to controls. Conclusions: we found no association of lp (a) with stroke in a population of young women with ischemic stroke. Small numbers of patients limit conclusions regarding risk in ischemic stroke subtypes, but we could not confirm previous suggestions of an association of lp (a) with atherosclerotic stroke in young adults. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Wityk, RJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Hosp, Meyer 5-181B,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
FU NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00209]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS16332-11, K08 NS01764-01A1]
NR 42
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0021-9150
J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS
JI Atherosclerosis
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 150
IS 2
BP 389
EP 396
DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00388-3
PG 8
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 324NW
UT WOS:000087629100017
PM 10856531
ER

PT J
AU Abdallah, MA
   Pollenz, RS
   Nunamaker, RA
   Murphy, KE
AF Abdallah, MA
   Pollenz, RS
   Nunamaker, RA
   Murphy, KE
TI Identification and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding the heat
   shock protein (Hsp60) from the biting midge, Culicoides variipennis
   sonorensis Wirth and Jones
SO BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE hsp60; cDNA; Culicoides variipennis; chaperonin
ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COLD-SHOCK; CHAPERONIN;
   CERATOPOGONIDAE; 2.8-ANGSTROM; EUKARYOTES; DIPTERA; STRESS; GROEL
AB A cDNA expression library constructed from Culicoides variipennis sonorensis was screened using an antibody specific for Hsp60 of Heliothis virescens. A single clone encoding the complete heat shock protein (Hsp60) of C. variipennis was identified and its 2400-bp insert was sequenced. The encoded 62-kDa protein contains 581 amino acids and includes a 26-amino acid putative mitochondrial targeting sequence at its N terminus and a GGM motif at its carboxyl terminus. Deduced amino acid sequences are highly similar (67-78%) to Hsp60 of other species, including the fruit fly, the house mouse, the Norwegian rat the Chinese hamster the human, a nematode, and the tobacco budworm moth. This is the initial isolation of a coding sequence for a stress-induced protein in C. variipennis.
C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Microbiol & Mol Cell Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
   Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29406 USA.
   USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Murphy, KE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0006-2928
J9 BIOCHEM GENET
JI Biochem. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 38
IS 5-6
BP 157
EP 165
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 369FV
UT WOS:000165056000004
PM 11091906
ER

PT J
AU Hatting, JL
   Poprawski, TJ
   Miller, RM
AF Hatting, JL
   Poprawski, TJ
   Miller, RM
TI Prevalences of fungal pathogens and other natural enemies of cereal
   aphids (Homoptera : Aphididae) in wheat under dryland and irrigated
   conditions in South Africa
SO BIOCONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE entomophthorales; parasitoids; Russian wheat aphid; Diuraphis noxia
ID SPRING-PLANTED WHEAT; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA;
   ENTOMOPHTHORALES; HYMENOPTERA
AB Surveys were conducted in the summer and winter rainfall wheat producing regions of South Africa in a first attempt to investigate the identity and impact of entomopathogenic fungi within the cereal aphid complex. Wheat produced under dryland and irrigated conditions was surveyed during the 1996 and 1997 seasons. Six cereal aphid species were recorded of which the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, was the most abundant under dryland conditions in the summer rainfall region as opposed to the oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, in the winter rainfall region. Rose grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum, was most prevalent under irrigated conditions in the summer rainfall region. Five species of entomopathogenic fungi were recorded including four entomophthorales and the hyphomycete, Beauveria bassiana. The Entomophthorales included Pandora neoaphidis, Conidiobolus obscurus, C. thromboides, and Entomophthora planchoniana. Pandora neoaphidis was the most important etiological agent recorded from D. noxia, with up to 50% mycosis recorded under dryland conditions in the Bethlehem summer rainfall region. Similarly, P. neoaphidis was the most prevalent species within populations of M. dirhodum. under irrigated conditions in the Bergville/Winterton summer rainfall region (up to 77% mycosis). However, mycoses of R. padi did not exceed 1.7% in samples from these areas, suggesting that R. padi may be less susceptible to P. neoaphidis than M. dirhodum. Epizootics in populations of D. noxia under dryland conditions in both the winter and summer rainfall regions indicated a high level of susceptibility to P. neoaphidis. Occurrences of hymenopterous parasitoids and predators in populations of D. noxia were low, although a parasitism level of 25% was recorded in one small sample of R. padi collected from an irrigated field in the summer rainfall region.
C1 ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA.
   Texas A&M Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX USA.
   Univ Natal, ZA-3200 Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa.
RP Poprawski, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA.
NR 41
TC 22
Z9 26
U1 6
U2 12
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1386-6141
J9 BIOCONTROL
JI Biocontrol
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 45
IS 2
BP 179
EP 199
DI 10.1023/A:1009981718582
PG 21
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 331NU
UT WOS:000088025800004
ER

PT J
AU Schisler, DA
   Slininger, PJ
   Hanson, LE
   Loria, R
AF Schisler, DA
   Slininger, PJ
   Hanson, LE
   Loria, R
TI Potato cultivar, pathogen isolate and antagonist cultivation medium
   influence the efficacy and ranking off bacterial antagonists of Fusarium
   dry rot
SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE microbial selection strategies; biological control; biocontrol; Fusarium
   dry rot; Gibberella pulicaris; Fusarium sambucinum
ID 4 PEA CULTIVARS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT-PATHOGENS; DAMPING-OFF;
   BIOCONTROL; SELECTION; STRAINS; AGENTS; ACID
AB The process of selecting biological control agents for further development frequently does not involve conducting bioassays of strain effectiveness on a range of pathogen isolates or host cultivars. Additionally though previous studies have demonstrated that the medium used to produce biomass of an antagonist can alter its efficacy this factor is also rarely considered when selecting for the most effective antagonist. Host cultivar, pathogen isolate, and the cultivation medium used to produce the antagonists' biomass were examined as factors of potential importance for assessing the relative effectiveness of bacterial biocontrol strains accurately Five bacterial antagonists that control Fusarium dry rot on stored potato tubers were assayed for effectiveness against 10 isolates of Gibberella pulicaris. All antagonists reduced disease severity (35-81%) regardless of the specific assays conducted However, when the antagonists' biomass were produced on two media that differed both in nutrient composition and phase, the efficacy ranking of antagonist Enterobacter sp. S11:P:08 varied from first to fourth most effective. For the antagonists studied, the phase of a nutritionally identical medium had little impact on the efficacy, ranking of the five antagonists Four of the five antagonists had efficacy, rankings that ranged from first to last depending on the isolate of the pathogen used to conduct the bioassay. The cultivar of the host also caused variations in the efficacy ranking of the antagonists. These results indicate that bioassays should be conducted using a range of liquid culture production media, pathogen isolates and host cultivars in order to choose an antagonist that has the highest likelihood for commercial development as an effective biological control product.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 23
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 5
PU CARFAX PUBLISHING
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 0958-3157
J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN
JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 10
IS 3
BP 267
EP 279
PG 13
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
GA 333VT
UT WOS:000088152000007
ER

PT J
AU Abbas, HK
   Boyette, CD
AF Abbas, HK
   Boyette, CD
TI Solid substrate formulations of the mycoherbicide Colletotrichum
   truncatum for hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) control
SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE formulation; solid formulation; biological control agent; mycoherbicide;
   grains; shelf-life; Colletotrichum truncatum; Oryza sativa
ID SICKLEPOD CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; HOST-RANGE; GERMINATION; GRANULES; SPORES
AB Collectotrichum truncatum was grown on kernels of eight different grains for 3 or 4 weeks at room temperature (22-24 degrees C). Fresh preparations of conidia as well as fungus- infested corn and rice suspension resulted in 100% mortality of hemp sesbania seedlings when sprayed post-emergence with a 14 h dew period. Fresh perparations of mycelia and fungus-infested sorghum suspensions resulted in 90 and 65% mortality of hemp sesbania seedlings, respectively. Lower mortality (less than or equal to 15%) occurred with the other ground fungus-infested grain suspensions. Fresh preparations of conidia, fungus-infested corn, rice and sorghum, and mycelia, when applied to soil pre-emergence, resulted in 100, 94, 100, 83 and 71% mortality of hemp sesbania seedlings 14 days after application, respectively. Lower mortality of hemp sesbania seedling 14 days after application, respectively. Lower mortality (less than or equal to 23%) occured with the other ground fungus-infested grain preparations. Freshly-prepared C. truncatum at 6.25, 12.5, 24 and 50 mg fungus-formulation rice cm(-2) of soil surface, applied pre-emergence or at the time of planting, killed 97, 100, 100 and 100% of hemp sesbania, respectively. After storage at 22-24 degrees C for 6 to 24 months, the rice formulation caused 67 to 93% mortality after 6 months, 39 to 81% after 12 months and less than or equal to 2% after 24 months, respectively. When C. truncatum was refrigerated at 4-6 degrees C, the rice formulation retained good efficiency through 24 months, and when frozen, for up to 8 years. C. truncatum formulated on rice stored under all the above conditions contained mainly sclerotia at 2.4 x 10(5) sclerotia g(-1). C. truncatum killed hemp sesbania seedlings with a single soil application through 4 plantings on the same soil. These results indicate that rice and possibly corn are excellent solid substrates for the formulation of C. truncatum. This is a simple and effective method for enhancing the activity of C. truncatum against hemp sesbania.
C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
NR 27
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU CARFAX PUBLISHING
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 0958-3157
J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN
JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 10
IS 3
BP 291
EP 300
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
GA 333VT
UT WOS:000088152000009
ER

PT J
AU Martin, PAW
   Schroder, RFW
AF Martin, PAW
   Schroder, RFW
TI The effect of cucurbitacin E glycoside, a feeding stimulant for corn
   rootworm, on biocontrol fungi: Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium
   anisopliae
SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE insect biocontrol; Diabrotica; Hawkesbury watermelon; Citrullus lanatus;
   Bacillus; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; cucurbitacin
ID CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; INSECTS
AB Corn rootworms compulsively feed on cucurbitacins (bitter compounds found in many cucurbits), while most other pest insects are repelled by them. Several hypotheses have been proposed for this activity, but the results have been equivocal. One recent hypothesis suggested that cucurbitacin may provide protection against soil borne fungal entomopathogens, both in the adult corn rootworm and in the eggs laid in the soil. Any antifungal activity would preclude the use of this feeding stimulant to enhance the activity of fungal pathogens used in biocontrol. To test this hypothesis, we exposed two fungal pathogens of corn rootworm, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium about 0.05% cucurbitacin E glycoside. The extract inhibited the growth of both fungi. However, when the extract was sterilized by passing through a 0.45 micron filter, this inhibitory activity disappeared. Purified cucurbitacin E glycoside did not inhibit the growth of either fungus. Four Bacillus isolates (identified as Bacillus subtilis var. globigii and B. amyloliquefaciens) were isolated from this extract which were able to inhibit the growth of both fungi. All of these bacteria excreted the inhibitory activity into the medium. Thus, the inhibition of fungal growth attributed to cucurbitacin may actually be due to bacterial incidentally associated with cucurbits.
C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 16
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 3
PU CARFAX PUBLISHING
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 0958-3157
J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN
JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 10
IS 3
BP 315
EP 320
PG 6
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
GA 333VT
UT WOS:000088152000011
ER

PT J
AU Williams, L
   Martinson, TE
AF Williams, L
   Martinson, TE
TI Colonization of New York vineyards by Anagrus spp. (Hymenoptera :
   Mymaridae): Overwintering biology, within-vineyard distribution of
   wasps, and parasitism of grape leafhopper, Erythroneura spp. (Homoptera
   : Cicadellidae), eggs
SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE conservation biological control; Vitis; Anagrus; Erythroneura; egg
   parasitoid; leafhoppers; dispersal
ID HABITAT DIVERSIFICATION; PHENOLOGY
AB A study was conducted in New York to identify the Anagrus species present in vineyards, to determine the plants in which Anagrus species overwinter, and to characterize the dispersal of wasps and level of parasitism of grape leafhopper eggs in vineyards. Anagrus daanei S. Triapitsyn and Anagrus erythroneurae S. Trjapitzin and Chiappini were the most abundant species reared from Vitis labrusca Bailey and Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, respectively. V. labrusca cultivars are infested predominantly by Erythroneura comes (Say), whereas V. vinifera cultivars are infested primarily by the Erythroneura vitifex Fitch-Erythroneura bistrata McAtee complex. Anagrus tretiakovae S. Triapitsyn was reared from seven grape cultivars in approximately equal proportions. Thus, A. daanei and A. erythroneurae appear to possess greater degrees of host specificity than A. tretiakovae. These results support the belief that, although Anagrus species have relatively broad host associations, host preferences do exist. These preferences may be mediated by the plant associations of particular leafhopper species. Anagrus species use alternate hosts that infest several plant species. In particular, diapausing insect eggs in Acer saccharum Marshall, Robinia pseudo-acacia L., Rosa multiflora Thunberg, Salix nigra L., Vitis riparia Michaux, and Zanthoxylum americanum Miller may play important roles in the overwintering biology of the Anagrus species that are most abundant in vineyards. Following emergence from overwintering hosts, Anagrus adults are aggregated at the vineyard edge early in the season (May and June). By midseason or later (August and September), the pattern of wasp colonization and parasitism indicates that parasitoids are more widely dispersed in the vineyards. This pattern is consistent with colonization from vineyard edges, followed by relatively slow dispersal into the vineyard interior. Further investigations are necessary to identify the alternate host(s) that Anagrus exploits during the winter and spring and to delineate the phenology of such alternate hosts, as well as that of the grape leafhoppers and Anagrus species in the spring. Habitat management studies could then be conducted to identify strategies that would accelerate population growth of Anagrus in the spring and increase the rate of dispersal into vineyards. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Finger Lakes Grape Program, Cornell Cooperat Extens, Penn Yan, NY 14527 USA.
RP Williams, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
NR 22
TC 22
Z9 25
U1 4
U2 17
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1049-9644
J9 BIOL CONTROL
JI Biol. Control
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 18
IS 2
BP 136
EP 146
DI 10.1006/bcon.2000.0817
PG 11
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
GA 323KH
UT WOS:000087564200006
ER

PT J
AU Wright, SF
   Anderson, RL
AF Wright, SF
   Anderson, RL
TI Aggregate stability and glomalin in alternative crop rotations for the
   central Great Plains
SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS
LA English
DT Article
DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; glycoprotein; sustainable agriculture;
   cropping systems; aggregate stability
ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; FITTING PLANTS; SOIL; PROTEIN
AB Land productivity, along with improvement or maintenance of soil health, must be evaluated together to achieve sustainable agricultural practices. Winter wheat-fallow (W-F) has been the prevalent cropping system in the central Great Plains for 60 years where moisture is a limitation to crop production. Alternative cropping systems show that producers can crop more frequently if residue management and minimum tillage are used. The impact of different crops, crop rotations and tillage management practices on soil quality was assessed by measuring aggregate stability and glomalin production by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in soil from cropping trials established in 1990. Crops were wheat (W), corn (C), prose millet (M), and sunflower (S). Rotations sampled were W-F, W-C-M, W-C-M-F, W-C-F, and W-S-F. In the same area as the cropping trials, soils were taken from a perennial grass (crested wheatgrass) and from a buffer area that had been planted to Triticale for the past 2 years but prior to that had been extensively plowed for weed control. We found that aggregate stability and glomalin were linearly correlated (r=0.73, n=54, P<0.001) across all treatments sampled. Highest and lowest aggregate stability and glomalin values were seen in perennial grass and Triticale soils, respectively. Aggregate stability in W-S-F was significantly lower than in the other crop rotations (P less than or equal to 0.03), while W-C-M had significantly higher glomalin than the other rotations (P<0.05). Differences between crop rotations and the perennial grass indicate that selected comparisons should be studied in greater detail to determine ways to manage AM fungi to increase glomalin and aggregate stability in these soils.
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA.
RP Wright, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Bldg 001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 17
TC 132
Z9 143
U1 5
U2 43
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0178-2762
J9 BIOL FERT SOILS
JI Biol. Fertil. Soils
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 31
IS 3-4
BP 249
EP 253
DI 10.1007/s003740050653
PG 5
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 329KL
UT WOS:000087906100010
ER

PT J
AU Jordan, D
   Hubbard, VC
   Ponder, F
   Berry, EC
AF Jordan, D
   Hubbard, VC
   Ponder, F
   Berry, EC
TI The influence of soil compaction and the removal of organic matter on
   two native earthworms and soil properties in an oak-hickory forest
SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS
LA English
DT Article
DE Diplocardia smithii; Diplocardia ornata; Native North American earthworm
   species; soil compaction; organic matter
ID CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; POPULATIONS; NITROGEN; GROWTH
AB Earthworms may alter the physical, chemical, and biological properties of a forest soil ecosystem. Any physical manipulation of the soil ecosystem may, in turn, affect the activities and ecology of earthworms. The effects of removing organic matter (logs and forest litter) and severely compacting the soil on native earthworm species were measured in a central USA hardwood region (oak-hickory) forest in the Missouri Ozarks (USA). Soils in this region are characterized by a cherty residuum that is primarily of the Clarksville series (Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Paledults). Earthworms were collected from 0-15 cm depth each spring and fall for 2 years by handsorting, and densities were determined on a per meter square basis. Two native earthworm species, Diplocardia ornata and Diplocardia smithii, were dominant on this site. Organic matter removal decreased the average individual biomass of both species. However, both species responded differently to soil compaction. Soil compaction affected D. ornata adversely and D. smithii favorably. This suggested that the degree of soil compaction was not as restrictive with respect to D. smithii (2 mm diameter) as to D. ornata (5 mm diameter). Moreover, the apparently improved soil environmental conditions resulting from the remaining organic matter in compacted soil enhanced the population and growth of D. smithii. Sampling position on the landscape affected D. ornata but not D. smithii. Soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial biomass N were decreased under soil compaction when the organic matter was removed. Other factors influencing the ecology and activity of these two species will require further study.
C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Lincoln Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Jefferson, MO USA.
   USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA.
   Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA.
RP Jordan, D (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RI hubbard, Victoria/N-8938-2014
NR 25
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0178-2762
J9 BIOL FERT SOILS
JI Biol. Fertil. Soils
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 31
IS 3-4
BP 323
EP 328
DI 10.1007/s003740050663
PG 6
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 329KL
UT WOS:000087906100020
ER

PT J
AU Rendleman, JA
AF Rendleman, JA
TI Hydrolytic action of alpha-amylase on high-amylose starch of low
   molecular mass
SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE alpha-cyclodextrin; cyclodextrin glucanotransferase; scanning electron
   microphotography; starch digestion; X-ray diffraction analysis
ID RESISTANT STARCH; GRANULES; MAIZE
AB High-amylose starches of low average degree of polymerization (dp 61-71), formed as fine granules by interaction of Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase with alpha-cyclodextrin (CD) at 2-70 degrees C, are highly insoluble in water and not gelatinizable under normal cooking conditions (100 degrees C). Samples of CD-derived starches, both cooked and uncooked, were subjected to hydrolysis in vitro by human salivary alpha-amylase at 37 degrees C under conditions chosen to resemble those in the human intestinal lumen. Released low-molecular-mass saccharides were determined quantitatively by HPLC and the results compared with those from similar studies with natural starches. Among uncooked starches, CD-derived starch showed very tow reactivity towards alpha-amylase, along with potato starch and a high-amylose hybrid corn starch (64% amylose), Cooking greatly enhanced reactivity of natural starches, but only moderately increased reactivity of CD-derived starches. Susceptibility to hydrolysis of cooked starches increased in the following general order: CD-derived starch (approximate to 100% amylose) < 100% corn amylose (isolated by the butan-1-ol method) < hybrid high-amylose corn starch (64-66% amylose) < waxy maize starch (99-100% amylopectin) similar to ordinary corn starch (approximate to 25% amylose) < potato starch (approximate to 25% amylose).
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Rendleman, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 19
TC 23
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0885-4513
EI 1470-8744
J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC
JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 31
BP 171
EP 178
PN 3
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 325HK
UT WOS:000087670000001
PM 10814586
ER

PT J
AU Hsu, AF
   Foglia, TA
   Shen, S
AF Hsu, AF
   Foglia, TA
   Shen, S
TI Immobilization of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase in a phyllosilicate sol-gel
   matrix: effectiveness as a biocatalyst
SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE clay; cross-linking; esterification; recycling; tetramethyl
   orthosilicate
ID CROSS-LINKED PHYLLOSILICATES; SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE; FATS; OILS
AB A novel procedure is described for immobilizing a lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (PS-30) within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix. The method is based on crosslinking a phyllosilicate clay with silicate polymers produced by the controlled hydrolysis of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS). The activity of the phyllosilicate sol-gel-immobilized lipase was dependent upon the type of alkylammonium salt, inorganic catalyst and volume ratio of phyllosilicate clay to TMOS used. Lipase PS-30 immobilized in this way was more stable and had higher activity compared with the free lipase. Studies on the lipase-catalysed esterification of lauric acid with octan-1-ol in iso-octane showed that under controlled water activity conditions the phyllosilicate sol-gel-immobilized lipase had better activity compared with other supported lipase preparations. In addition, the phyllosilicate sol-gel-immobilized lipase was reusable for at least five esterification cycles without significant loss of activity.
C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Hsu, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 15
TC 42
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 5
PU PORTLAND PRESS
PI LONDON
PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND
SN 0885-4513
J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC
JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 31
BP 179
EP 183
DI 10.1042/BA19990090
PN 3
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 325HK
UT WOS:000087670000002
PM 10814587
ER

PT J
AU Bennett, ER
   Moore, MT
   Cooper, CM
   Smith, S
AF Bennett, ER
   Moore, MT
   Cooper, CM
   Smith, S
TI Method for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of two current use
   pesticides, atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin, in sediment and aquatic
   plants
SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOIL
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.
RP Smith, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.
NR 13
TC 61
Z9 61
U1 2
U2 8
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0007-4861
J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX
JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 64
IS 6
BP 825
EP 833
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 326BY
UT WOS:000087713100010
PM 10856339
ER

PT J
AU Wilson, JS
   Oliver, CD
AF Wilson, JS
   Oliver, CD
TI Stability and density management in Douglas-fir plantations
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
   FORESTIERE
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPETITION; WINDTHROW; DAMAGE; CROWN; WIND; PINE
AB Limited tree size variation in coastal Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations makes them susceptible to developing high height to diameter ratios (H/D same units) in the dominant trees. The H/D of a tree is a relative measure of stability under wind and snow loads. Experimental plot data from three large studies was used to evaluate the impact of initial planting densities and thinning on plantation H/D values. The H/D predictions from the experimental plot data match spacing trial results closely but are substantially different than distance-independent growth model predictions. The results suggest that plantation H/D values can be lowered and stability promoted through reduced planting densities or early thinning; however, later thinnings may not be effective in promoting stability, since they do not appear to lower H/D values. Higher initial planting densities shorten the time period during which thinning can be expected to effectively lower future H/D values. Time-sensitive thinning requirements in dense plantations make their management inflexible. The flexibility with which a stand can be managed describes the rigidity of intervention requirements and (or) potential range of stand development pathways.
C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, US Forest Serv, USDA,PNW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Wilson, JS (reprint author), 562 Kings Highway, Hancock, NH 03449 USA.
EM wiljer@silvae.cfr.washington.edu
NR 55
TC 56
Z9 67
U1 0
U2 12
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0045-5067
J9 CAN J FOREST RES
JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 30
IS 6
BP 910
EP 920
DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-6-910
PG 11
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 335XW
UT WOS:000088272500007
ER

PT J
AU Dewey, C
   Charbonneau, G
   Carman, S
   Hamel, A
   Nayar, G
   Friendship, R
   Eernisse, K
   Swenson, S
AF Dewey, C
   Charbonneau, G
   Carman, S
   Hamel, A
   Nayar, G
   Friendship, R
   Eernisse, K
   Swenson, S
TI Lelystad-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
   virus (PRRSV) identified in Canadian swine
SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
   Univ Guelph, Hlth Anim Lab, Lab Serv Div, Guelph, ON N1H 6R8, Canada.
   Manitoba Agr, Vet Serv Branch, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5S6, Canada.
   USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Charbonneau, G (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
NR 4
TC 26
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 2
PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC
PI OTTAWA
PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1,
   CANADA
SN 0008-5286
J9 CAN VET J
JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 41
IS 6
BP 493
EP +
PG 3
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 322ZC
UT WOS:000087538800014
PM 10857036
ER

PT J
AU Lane, RH
   Nelsen, TC
   Seibert, SE
AF Lane, RH
   Nelsen, TC
   Seibert, SE
TI Collaborative evaluation of a qualitative test for peroxidase in oat
   products (AACC method 22-80)
SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD
LA English
DT Article
C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Human Nutr & Hospitality Management, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Midw Area, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   Ralston Foods, Cedar Rapids, IA 52402 USA.
RP Lane, RH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Human Nutr & Hospitality Management, 206A Doster Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA
SN 0146-6283
J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD
JI Cereal Foods World
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 45
IS 6
BP 262
EP 264
PG 3
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 330QE
UT WOS:000087972100005
ER

PT J
AU Ahn, S
   De Steiguer, JE
   Palmquist, RB
   Holmes, TP
AF Ahn, S
   De Steiguer, JE
   Palmquist, RB
   Holmes, TP
TI Economic analysis of the potential impact of climate change on
   recreational trout fishing in the Southern Appalachian Mountains: An
   application of a nested multinomial logit model
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOM UTILITY MODEL; BROOK TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; NATIVE RANGE;
   AGGREGATION; MARGINS; HABITAT
AB Global warming due to the enhanced greenhouse effect through human activities has become a major public policy issue in recent years. The present study focuses on the potential economic impact of climate change on recreational trout fishing in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. Significant reductions in trout habitat and/or populations are anticipated under global warming since the study area is on the extreme margins of trout habitat of the eastern U.S. The purpose of this study is to estimate the potential welfare loss of trout anglers due to global warming. A nested multinomial logit model was developed and estimated to describe the angler's fishing choice behavior. The estimated median welfare loss (Compensating Variation) range from $5.63 to $53.18 per angler per single occasion under the various diminished trout habitat and/or population scenarios.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Ahn, S (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
NR 26
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 7
U2 14
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 45
IS 3-4
BP 493
EP 509
DI 10.1023/A:1005511627247
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 324XH
UT WOS:000087646800008
ER

PT J
AU Darwin, R
AF Darwin, R
TI Process-based impact models: Now and in the future - An editorial
   comment
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
RP Darwin, R (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room 4180, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 45
IS 3-4
BP 541
EP 552
DI 10.1023/A:1005594632195
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 324XH
UT WOS:000087646800011
ER

PT J
AU Konstantinov, AS
   Lopatin, IK
AF Konstantinov, AS
   Lopatin, IK
TI Review of the Longitarsus asperifoliarum group of species (Coleoptera :
   Chrysomelidae : Alticinae)
SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN
LA English
DT Review
AB The Longitarsus asperifoliarum species group is reviewed. Four new species are described: L. hissaricus Lopatin, new species (Tadzhikistan), L, marguzoricus Konstantinov, nea species (Tadzhikistan), L. tishechkini Konstantinov, new species (Kazakhstan), and L. violentoides Konstantinov, new species (Armenia). Longitarsus afghanicus Lopatin is elevated to species status from its former status as L. asperifoliarum afghanicus. A key to the species and diagnostic characters for the group are provided. The setation of the apical and preapical abdominal tergites of females is recognized as a novel source of characters. Host plant and distributional data are included.
C1 US Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI, USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), US Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI, USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC
PI NATCHEZ
PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 USA
SN 0010-065X
J9 COLEOPTS BULL
JI Coleopt. Bull.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 54
IS 2
BP 200
EP 220
DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2000)054[0200:ROTLAG]2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 340ZJ
UT WOS:000088566300004
ER

PT J
AU Rauscher, HM
   Plant, RE
   Thomson, AJ
   Twery, MJ
AF Rauscher, HM
   Plant, RE
   Thomson, AJ
   Twery, MJ
TI Special Issue - The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decision-Making in Managing Forest Ecosystems - Selected and edited
   papers from the conference organised by the IUFRO Working Party 4.11.03,
   Knowledge and Information Management, held in Asheville, North Carolina
   3-7 May 1999. Foreword
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Bent Creek Expt Forest, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28805 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Canadian Forestry Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT USA.
RP Rauscher, HM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Bent Creek Expt Forest, So Res Stn, 1577 Bervard Rd, Asheville, NC 28805 USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00086-7
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200001
ER

PT J
AU Shifley, SR
   Thompson, FR
   Larsen, DR
   Dijak, WD
AF Shifley, SR
   Thompson, FR
   Larsen, DR
   Dijak, WD
TI Modeling forest landscape change in the Missouri Ozarks under
   alternative management practices
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE simulation; volume yield; patch size; edge; landscape pattern; timber
   harvest; clearcutting; group selection; LANDIS
AB We used a spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS, to simulate the effects of five management alternatives on a 3216 ha forest landscape in southeast Missouri, USA. We compared management alternatives among two intensities of even-aged management with clearcutting, uneven-aged management with group selection harvest, a mixture of even- and uneven-aged management, and no harvesting. Anticipated disturbances by windthrow and wildfire were included in the 100-year simulations across the landscape. The uneven-aged, even-aged long rotation, and mixed harvest regimes were similar to one another in total area in each forest size class, timber volume produced and volume of wood on the forest floor. However, they varied greatly in quantity of edge habitat and in the extent of the mature forest habitat free from edge effects. The intensive even-aged harvest regime and the no-harvest regime produced the greatest volume of timber and the greatest volume of down wood, respectively. This model provides a quantitative flamework to simultaneously explore multiple factors that affect landscape-scale management decisions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Shifley, SR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
NR 17
TC 48
Z9 60
U1 3
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 7
EP 24
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00087-9
PG 18
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200002
ER

PT J
AU Ellis, EA
   Nair, PKR
   Linehan, PE
   Beck, HW
   Blanche, CA
AF Ellis, EA
   Nair, PKR
   Linehan, PE
   Beck, HW
   Blanche, CA
TI A GIS-based database management application for agroforestry planning
   and tree selection
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE agroforestry; decision support system; geographical information system
AB Agroforestry (the deliberate growing of trees or shrubs in rural lands) is being promoted in the United States as an alternative resource management system that can bring landowners economic benefits and provide environmental services such as reduced soil erosion, improved water quality and wildlife habitat. Landowners, farmers and extension agents need to be better informed about different agroforestry opportunities and potential tree species. The Florida Agroforestry Decision Support System (FADSS) was designed to aid in the dissemination of such information. FADSS utilizes a geographical information system (GIS) enabling the user to select a location of interest which is linked to spatial data on climate and soils characteristics for the state of Florida. The application also incorporates a database of over 500 trees and 50 tree attributes, forming a relational database. The application structure consists primarily of building database queries using Standard Query Language (SQL). SQL queries are constructed during run-time based on spatial parameters of a selected location, the type of agroforestry system desired, and production and management criteria provided by the user. Experts were interviewed to help develop queries used to select trees and other agroforestry species. Being a prototype, the application is built with a modular and flexible framework in which spatial data of different scales and/or regions as well as plant data may be easily incorporated. Among the major limitations encountered during the development of FADSS with major implications on future agroforestry decision support systems was the current lack of tree information relevant to agroforestry and the lack of research involving the assessment of suitable trees and their characteristics. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Agr Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA.
RP Ellis, EA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
NR 8
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 41
EP 55
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00095-8
PG 15
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200004
ER

PT J
AU Potter, WD
   Deng, X
   Li, J
   Xu, M
   Wei, Y
   Lappas, I
   Twery, MJ
   Bennett, DJ
AF Potter, WD
   Deng, X
   Li, J
   Xu, M
   Wei, Y
   Lappas, I
   Twery, MJ
   Bennett, DJ
TI A web-based expert system for gypsy moth risk assessment
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NC
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE gypsy moth; risk assessment; expert system
AB The gypsy moth is one of North America's most devastating exotic forest pests because it can cause the loss of valuable oak species, degraded aesthetics, loss of wildlife habitat, and detrimental effects on watersheds. Due to the increasingly wide infestation of the gypsy moth, it is important to develop decision aids that help assess the risks of this pest to our forests. Expert systems are a type of decision aid that could be applied to the area of risk assessment. We have developed the Gypsy Moth Expert System to estimate the risk that a forest stand faces from the gypsy moth based on the composition, structure, and management objectives of a particular forest. Risk assessment in this context is developed from forest susceptibility to infestation, vulnerability to damage caused by an infestation, and the hazard that management objectives for a forest may be affected if damage occurs. The system uses a straightforward set of if-then rules to classify risk. The development of a web-based expert system presented significant challenges to maintaining remote user processing integrity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, GSRC 111, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA.
RP Potter, WD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, GSRC 111, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
EM potter@cs.uga.edu
NR 18
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 95
EP 105
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00100-9
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200007
ER

PT J
AU Kim, G
   Nute, D
   Rauscher, HM
   Loftis, DL
AF Kim, G
   Nute, D
   Rauscher, HM
   Loftis, DL
TI AppBuilder for DSSTools: an application development environment for
   developing decision support systems in Prolog
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE decision support systems; knowledge based systems; programming
   environments; prolog
ID VISUAL PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT; TOOLKIT
AB A programming environment for developing complex decision support systems (DSSs) should support rapid prototyping and modular design, feature a flexible knowledge representation scheme and sound inference mechanisms, provide project management, and be domain-independent. We have previously developed DSSTools (Decision Support System Tools), a reusable, domain-independent, and open-ended toolkit for developing DSSs in Prolog. DSSTools provides modular design, a flexible knowledge representation scheme, and sound inference mechanisms to support development of any knowledge based system components of a DSS. It also provides tools for building the DSS interface and for integrating other non-Prolog components of a DSS such as simulation models, databases, or geographical information system, into a multi-component DSS. DSSTools does not provide project management, and its complex syntax makes rapid prototyping difficult. AppBuilder for DSSTools is a GUI-based application development environment for developing DSSs in DSSTools that supports rapid prototyping and project management. AppBuilder's easy-to-use dialogues for managing and building knowledge based and top-level control components of a DSS free developers from having to memorize complex syntax and reduce development time without sacrificing the flexibility of the underlying toolkit. AppBuilder has been used to develop the Regeneration DSS, a system for predicting the regeneration of southern Appalachian hardwoods. AppBuilder is an application development environment for both prototyping and developing a complete DSS. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Nute, D (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Room 111 Boyd GSRC, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
NR 20
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 107
EP 125
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00101-0
PG 19
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200008
ER

PT J
AU Dennis, DF
AF Dennis, DF
TI An ordered probit analysis of public values for use in multiple
   objective decision-making
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE conjoint; public involvement; probit analysis
ID CONJOINT-ANALYSIS; DESIGN; CHOICE
AB National forest managers and planners need a means to solicit and analyze public preferences and values. A conjoint ranking survey was used to solicit public preferences for various levels of timber harvesting, wildlife habitats, hiking trails, snowmobile use, and off-road-vehicle access on the Green Mountain National Forest. The survey was completed by 76 respondents during public involvement meetings. Ordered probit and discrete choice legit techniques were used to estimate linear and quadratic main effect components. Respondents preferred moderate levels of timber harvesting and snowmobile access, and lower levels of off-road-vehicle access. They favored a mixture of mature closed canopy and younger more open forests over either extreme, and were indifferent towards extending the network of hiking trails. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA.
RP Dennis, DF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 127
EP 137
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00102-2
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200009
ER

PT J
AU Mowrer, HT
AF Mowrer, HT
TI Uncertainty in natural resource decision support systems: sources,
   interpretation, and importance
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE risk probability; spatial probability; propagation of error; Monte Carlo
ID SIMULATION; FORESTS
AB Decision support systems (DSS) have been defined as computer-based systems that integrate data sources with modeling and analytical tools; facilitate development, analysis, and ranking of alternatives; assist in management of uncertainty; and enhance overall problem comprehension. Of these capabilities, uncertainty assessment is the most poorly understood and implemented. Uncertainty assessment provides methodology to estimate the reliability of recommended alternatives, to place confidence intervals about the most likely outcome, or to quantify the likelihood of exceeding some environmental threshold. The extent to which this affects management decisions, and how it integrates with other management science disciplines such as risk assessment, remains largely unexplored territory. This paper briefly outlines sources of uncertainty in DSS, techniques for quantification, and then explores the relevance and importance of uncertainty in the larger decision-making context. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Mowrer, HT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
NR 32
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U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 139
EP 154
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00113-7
PG 16
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200010
ER

PT J
AU Twery, MJ
   Rauscher, HM
   Bennett, DJ
   Thomasma, SA
   Stout, SL
   Palmer, JF
   Hoffman, RE
   DeCalesta, DS
   Gustafson, E
   Cleveland, H
   Grove, JM
   Nute, D
   Kim, G
   Kollasch, RP
AF Twery, MJ
   Rauscher, HM
   Bennett, DJ
   Thomasma, SA
   Stout, SL
   Palmer, JF
   Hoffman, RE
   DeCalesta, DS
   Gustafson, E
   Cleveland, H
   Grove, JM
   Nute, D
   Kim, G
   Kollasch, RP
TI NED-1: integrated analyses for forest stewardship decisions
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE decision support; natural resource management; trade-offs; multiple
   benefits
ID SYSTEM
AB NED is a collective term for a set of software intended to help resource managers develop goals, assess current and potential conditions, and produce sustainable management plans for forest properties. The software tools are being developed by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern and Southern Research Stations, in cooperation with many other collaborators. NED-1 is a Windows-based program that helps analyze forest inventory data from the perspective of various resources on management areas as large as several thousand hectares. Resources addressed include visual quality, ecology, forest health, timber, water, and wildlife. NED-1 evaluates the degree to which an individual stand or an entire management unit may provide the conditions required to accomplish specific goals. NED-1 users select From a variety of reports, including tabular data summaries, general narratives, and goal-specific analyses. An extensive hypertext system provides information about the resource goals, the desired conditions that support achieving these goals, and related data used to analyze the actual condition of the forest, as well as detailed information about the program itself and the rules and formulas used to produce the analyses. The software is constructed in C++ using an application framework; the inferencing component that handles the rule bases uses Prolog. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Irving, PA USA.
   SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
   US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, GSRC 111, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Twery, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA.
NR 36
TC 15
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U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 167
EP 193
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00107-1
PG 27
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200012
ER

PT J
AU Rauscher, HM
   Lloyd, FT
   Loftis, DL
   Twery, MJ
AF Rauscher, HM
   Lloyd, FT
   Loftis, DL
   Twery, MJ
TI A practical decision-analysis process for forest ecosystem management
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE decision analysis; forest planning; adaptive management; ecosystem
   management; national forests; analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
AB Many authors have pointed out the need to firm up the 'fuzzy' ecosystem management paradigm and develop operationally practical processes to allow forest managers to accommodate more effectively the continuing rapid change in societal perspectives and goals. There are three spatial scales where clear, precise, practical ecosystem management processes are needed: the regional assessment scale, the forest-level scale, and the project-level scale. This paper proposes a practical decision analysis process for ecosystem management at the project-level scale. Goals are the focal point of management. To achieve them requires a formal, structured goal hierarchy, desired future conditions, several interesting alternatives, scenario analysis, and monitoring and evaluation of the results. The proposed process is firmly grounded in the body of theory and practice organized in the scientific literature under the heading of multi-objective decision analysis. An illustrative example of this decision analysis process is presented using the Bent Creek Experimental Forest of the Pisgah National Forest near Asheville, NC as a test case. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28805 USA.
   US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT USA.
RP Rauscher, HM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28805 USA.
NR 52
TC 33
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U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 195
EP 226
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00108-3
PG 32
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200013
ER

PT J
AU Li, HB
   Gartner, DI
   Mou, P
   Trettin, CC
AF Li, HB
   Gartner, DI
   Mou, P
   Trettin, CC
TI A landscape model (LEEMATH) to evaluate effects of management impacts on
   timber and wildlife habitat
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE ecosystem management; landscape; decision-support system; sustainable
   forestry; habitat attribute model; habitat suitability
ID ECOLOGICAL FIELD-THEORY; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY;
   PATTERN; FRAGMENTATION; SOCIETY; AMERICA; SCALE; BIRDS
AB Managing forest resources for sustainability requires the successful integration of economic and ecological goals. To attain such integration, land managers need decision support tools that incorporate science, land-use strategies, and policy options to assess resources sustainability at large scales. Landscape Evaluation of Effects of Management Activities on Timber and Habitat (LEEMATH) is a tool for evaluating alternative management strategies from both economic and ecological perspectives. The current version of LEEMATH emphasizes timber production and wildlife habitat in industrial forest landscapes. LEEMATH provides a framework upon which various models can be integrated. It is generic because it is designed to model stand growth, habitat attribute, and habitat suitability as they exist generally throughout the American Southeast. It is dynamic because it examines effects of management strategies on timber production and habitat quality over time, especially the balance between habitat loss and regrowth at the landscape scale. It is spatially explicit because it evaluates landscape configuration for its effects on habitat in terms of adjacency requirements and dispersal potential. It is heuristic because it simulates the dynamics of forest stands under different management scenarios and allows land managers to ask 'WHAT-IF' questions to explore management alternatives and their possible effects over time. In this paper, we discuss how to integrate different models into a decision-support system, and how to evaluate habitat suitability at the landscape level. We also discuss the gaps in our knowledge of landscape habitat assessment and the limitations of LEEMATH. finally, we apply LEEMATH to a forested landscape on the coastal plain of South Carolina, USA, to demonstrate its usefulness in management planning with multiple interests. We show the effects of two management regimes on timber production, habitat attribute dynamics, and habitat quality of three target wildlife species at both the stand and the landscape scales. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA.
   Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA USA.
RP Li, HB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA.
NR 55
TC 28
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 263
EP 292
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00088-0
PG 30
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200016
ER

PT J
AU Reynolds, KM
   Jensen, M
   Andreasen, J
   Goodman, I
AF Reynolds, KM
   Jensen, M
   Andreasen, J
   Goodman, I
TI Knowledge-based assessment of watershed condition
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE watershed analysis; watershed assessment; ecosystem management; decision
   support; NetWeaver
ID FUZZY-LOGIC; PHYTOSOCIOLOGY
AB The USDA Forest Service and Environmental Protection Agency have cooperatively developed a knowledge base for assessment and monitoring of ecological states and processes in sixth-code watersheds. The knowledge base provides a formal logical specification for evaluating watershed processes, patterns, general effects of human influence, and specific effects on salmon habitat. The knowledge base was designed in the NetWeaver knowledge base development system and evaluated in the Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system. EMDS is an application framework for knowledge-based decision support of ecological landscape analysis at any geographic scale. The system integrates geographic information system and knowledge base system technologies to provide an analytical tool for environmental assessment and monitoring. The basic objective of EMDS is to improve the quality and completeness of environmental assessments and the efficiency with which they are performed. This paper presents an overview of the NetWeaver and EMDS systems, describes the general structure of the knowledge base for watershed assessment, and presents a small example of its use for evaluating erosion processes. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT USA.
   US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
   US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Reynolds, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RI Reynolds, Keith/B-3327-2009; 
OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754
NR 39
TC 24
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 315
EP 333
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00090-9
PG 19
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200018
ER

PT J
AU Potter, WD
   Liu, S
   Deng, X
   Rauscher, HM
AF Potter, WD
   Liu, S
   Deng, X
   Rauscher, HM
TI Using DCOM to support interoperability in forest ecosystem management
   decision support systems
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE interoperability; decision support systems; DCOM; system integration
AB Forest ecosystems exhibit complex dynamics over time and space. Management of forest ecosystems involves the need to forecast future states of complex systems that are often undergoing structural changes. This in turn requires integration of quantitative science and engineering components with socio-political, regulatory, and economic considerations. The amount of data, information and knowledge involved in the management process is often overwhelming. Integrated decision support systems may help managers make consistently good decisions concerning forest ecosystem management. Integrating computer systems using a system-specific or custom approach has many disadvantages. We compare a variety of current approaches, suggest characteristics that an approach should have, and propose that the Distributed Component Object Model is an approach that is very suitable for forest ecosystem decision support system integration. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, GSRC 111, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Potter, WD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, GSRC 111, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
NR 47
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 335
EP 354
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00091-0
PG 20
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200019
ER

PT J
AU Nute, D
   Rosenberg, G
   Nath, S
   Verma, B
   Rauscher, HM
   Twery, MJ
   Grove, M
AF Nute, D
   Rosenberg, G
   Nath, S
   Verma, B
   Rauscher, HM
   Twery, MJ
   Grove, M
TI Goals and goal orientation in decision support systems for ecosystem
   management
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE decision support systems; goals; ecosystem management; forest
   management; knowledge representation; knowledge acquisition
AB We explore a goal-oriented as opposed to a problem-oriented approach to DSS development for ecosystem management. Ecosystem management ordinarily is guided by a set of goals that may conflict in various ways. Problems are perceived obstacles to realizing goals. Identifying and resolving conflicts between goals, testing current or projected situations for goal satisfaction, and problem identification all require a robust model of the goal structure for the intended domain. The lowest level of this goal structure must be represented as desirable future conditions consisting of proposed values for observable indicators. A model of the causal, legal, and other institutional relations between these desirable future conditions is also needed. Two projects based on a goal-oriented approach to DSS development are described. The first project has produced an initial prototype that incorporates goals for forest management in rules representing three tiers: management unit goals, stand-level goals, and desirable future conditions. The second, at an initial knowledge acquisition stage, is an attempt to develop a participatory decision-making methodology for socially and environmentally sensitive economic development in Central America. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Philosophy, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, SE Forest Expt Stn, Asheville, NC USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT USA.
   Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA.
RP Nute, D (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Philosophy, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
NR 21
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 355
EP 375
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00092-2
PG 21
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200020
ER

PT J
AU Shaw, CG
   Everest, FH
   Swanston, DN
AF Shaw, CG
   Everest, FH
   Swanston, DN
TI Working with knowledge at the science/policy interface: a unique example
   from developing the Tongass Land Management Plan
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Scientific Conference on The Application of Scientific Knowledge to
   Decisionmaking in Managing forest Ecosystems
CY MAY 03-07, 1999
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP IUFRO Working Party, Knowledge & Informat Management, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Resources Syst Inst
DE risk assessment; forest planning; Southeast Alaska; consistency
   evaluation; decision making
AB An innovative, knowledge-based partnership between research scientists and resource managers in the U.S. Forest Service provided the foundation upon which the Forest Plan was developed that will guide management on the Tongass National Forest for the next 10-15 years. Criteria developed by the scientists to evaluate if management decisions were consistent with the available information base were applied to major components of the emerging final management strategy for the Forest. While the scientists remained value neutral on the contents of the Forest Plan and the management directions provided in it, their evaluation indicated that the decisions it contained for riparian and fish sustainability, wildlife viability, karst and cave protection, slope stability, timber resources, social/economic effects, and monitoring achieved a high degree of consistency with the available scientific information. The Forest Plan, revised to conform with existing scientific knowledge, represents a management strategy designed to sustain the diversity and productivity of the ecosystem while producing goods and services commensurate with the agency's multiple-use mandate. Execution of this research/management partnership highlighted the role of scientific knowledge in forestry decision-making and provided a new mechanism to input such information into the decision making process. The partnership continues as the scientists are addressing high priority information needs generated by the planning effort in order to have additional information available for plan implementation and revision through adaptive management over the next 3-5 years. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Shaw, CG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Suite 2A,2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 1-3
BP 377
EP 387
DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00093-4
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 331FT
UT WOS:000088008200021
ER

PT J
AU Bradshaw, GA
   Borchers, JG
AF Bradshaw, GA
   Borchers, JG
TI Uncertainty as information: Narrowing the science-policy gap
SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptive management; decision making; environmental policy; global
   climate change; monitoring; risk; uncertainty
ID ECOLOGY
AB Conflict and indecision are hallmarks of environmental policy formulation. Some argue that the requisite information and certainty fall short of scientific standards for decision making; others argue that science is not the issue and that indecisiveness reflects a lack of political willpower. One of the most difficult aspects of translating science into policy is scientific uncertainty. Whereas scientists are familiar with uncertainty and complexity, the public and policy makers often seek certainty and deterministic solutions. We assert that environmental policy is most effective if scientific uncertainty is incorporated into a rigorous decision-theoretic framework as knowledge, not ignorance. The policies that best utilize scientific findings are defined here as those that accommodate the full scope of scientifically based predictions.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
   Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
   Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Bradshaw, GA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
NR 59
TC 105
Z9 107
U1 1
U2 27
PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE
PI WOLFVILLE
PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA
SN 1195-5449
J9 CONSERV ECOL
JI Conserv. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 4
IS 1
AR 7
PG 15
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 411HP
UT WOS:000167492800012
ER

PT J
AU Hartzler, RG
   Buhler, DD
AF Hartzler, RG
   Buhler, DD
TI Occurrence of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) in cropland and
   adjacent areas
SO CROP PROTECTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Bt pollen; monarch butterfly; weed distribution; maize; soyabean
ID MONARCH
AB Interest in the population dynamics and geographic distribution of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) has recently increased due to the importance of common milkweed in the life cycle of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). A survey of common milkweed occurrence in various habitats was conducted in Iowa in June and July of 1999. Common milkweed was found in 71% of the roadsides and approximately 50% of the corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) fields. Corn and soybean fields had 85% fewer patches than roadsides. Conservation reserve program fields had the greatest average area infested. While common milkweed was frequently found in corn and soybean fields, average frequency and patch sizes were much greater in noncrop areas. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Hartzler, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, 2104 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NR 10
TC 34
Z9 37
U1 10
U2 42
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0261-2194
J9 CROP PROT
JI Crop Prot.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 5
BP 363
EP 366
DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00024-7
PG 4
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA 323GT
UT WOS:000087558300012
ER

PT J
AU Chang, YJ
   Reed, BM
AF Chang, YJ
   Reed, BM
TI Extended alternating-temperature cold acclimation and culture duration
   improve pear shoot cryopreservation
SO CRYOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pyrus; germplasm; meristems; cryopreservation; cold hardiness;
   photoperiod; osmotic potential; low temperature
ID SOYBEAN CELL-SUSPENSIONS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID;
   ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PREGROWTH PROCEDURE; INVITRO PLANTLETS; APICAL
   MERISTEMS; LIQUID-NITROGEN; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; OSMOTIC-STRESS
AB Meristems of many pear genotypes can be successfully cryopreserved following 1 week of cold acclimation, but an equal number do not survive the process or have very little regrowth. This study compared commonly used cold acclimation protocols to determine whether the cold acclimation technique used affected the cold hardiness of shoots or the regrowth of cryopreserved meristems. In vitro-grown pear (Pyrus L.) shoots were cold acclimated for up to 16 weeks, then either the shoot tips were tested for cold hardiness or the meristems were cryopreserved by controlled freezing. Cold acclimation consisted of alternating temperatures (22 degrees C with light/-1 degrees C darkness with various photo- and thermoperiods) or a constant temperature (4 degrees C with an 8-h photoperiod or darkness). Compared with nonacclimated controls, both alternating- and constant-temperature acclimation significantly improved postcryopreservation regrowth of P. cordata Desv. and P. pashia Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don meristems. Alternating-temperature acclimation combined with either an 8-h photoperiod or darkness was significantly better than constant-temperature acclimation. Alternating-temperature shoot acclimation for 2 to 5 weeks significantly increased postcryopreservation meristem regrowth, and recovery remained high for up to 15 weeks acclimation. Postcryopreservation meristem regrowth increased with 1 to 5 weeks of constant-temperature acclimation and then declined with longer acclimation. Shoot cold hardiness varied with the acclimation procedure. The LT,, of shoots acclimated for 10 weeks with alternating temperatures was -25 degrees C; that with constant temperature was -14.7 degrees C; and that of the nonacclimated control was -10 degrees C. Less frequent transfer of cultures also improved acclimation of shoots. Shoots grown without transfer to fresh medium for 6-12 weeks had higher postcryopreservation recovery with shorter periods of acclimation than shoots with a 3-week transfer cycle. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
   Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473
NR 42
TC 50
Z9 59
U1 1
U2 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0011-2240
J9 CRYOBIOLOGY
JI Cryobiology
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 40
IS 4
BP 311
EP 322
DI 10.1006/cryo.2000.2251
PG 12
WC Biology; Physiology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology
GA 344UK
UT WOS:000088777300004
PM 10924263
ER

PT J
AU Varel, VH
   Miller, DN
AF Varel, VH
   Miller, DN
TI Effect of antimicrobial agents on livestock waste emissions
SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS; ANAEROBES; BACTERIA; VOLATILE
AB Various antimicrobial agents were evaluated with the purpose of reducing the microbial fermentation in stored cattle waste and the resulting odor emissions. Duplicate sealed 2-L flasks with 500 mi waste slurry, with and without antimicrobial inhibitors, were used to measure the production of short-chain volatile fatty acids, lactate, and total fermentation gas over 27-30 days. A combination of chlorhexidine diacetate (2 mM), iodoacetate (2 mM), and alpha-pinene (3.8 mM) reduced gas production 80% (1000 mi to 200 mi) and total volatile fatty acid production 50% (145 mM to 72 mM), Pinene had little antimicrobial effect;; rather, it served as an effective masking agent, giving the waste a less offensive odor. A combination of chlorhexidine diacetate and the deaminase inhibitor, diphenyliodonium chloride (1.3 mM) had a similar effect in reducing short-chain volatile fatty acid production (145 mM to 80 mM). Tt is concluded that a combination of antimicrobial agents may be useful in controlling odor emissions and conserving organic matter in livestock wastes, therefore providing a potentially more useful byproduct waste when used as plant fertilizer.
C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X
NR 14
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0343-8651
J9 CURR MICROBIOL
JI Curr. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 40
IS 6
BP 392
EP 397
DI 10.1007/s002840010076
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 317LD
UT WOS:000087226100008
PM 10827282
ER

PT J
AU Marsh, JB
   Welty, FK
   Schaefer, EJ
AF Marsh, JB
   Welty, FK
   Schaefer, EJ
TI Stable isotope turnover of apolipoproteins of high-density lipoproteins
   in humans
SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER-1; HDL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; A-I KINETICS;
   TANGIER-DISEASE; DEUTERATED LEUCINE; INVIVO METABOLISM; VIVO; PLASMA;
   RADIOTRACER; ENRICHMENT
AB Amino acid precursors labelled with stable isotopes have been successfully used to explore the metabolism of the apolipoproteins of HDL. Some methodological and mathematical modelling problems remain, mainly related to amino acid recycling in a plasma protein such as apolipoprotein A-I with a long residence time (the reciprocal of the fractional catabolic rate) of 4-5 days, Apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein E, and apolipoprotein A-IV in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (containing chylomicrons, VLDL, and remnants) exhibit more complex kinetics, The small amounts of apolipoprotein A-I and of apolipoprotein A-IV in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins have a residence time similar to that of the apolipoprotein A-I of HDL, In contrast, the apolipoprotein E in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins has been found to have an average residence time of 0.11 days. Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol, which lower HDL levels, do so by decreasing the secretion of apolipoprotein A-I, with apolipoprotein A-II kinetics unaffected, Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance have a decreased residence time of apolipoprotein A-I but no change in secretion rate or in apolipoprotein A-II kinetics, This suggests a link between insulin resistance and the risk of atherosclerosis, In heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, both the fractional catabolic rate and the secretion rate of apolipoprotein A-I are increased, resulting in no change in the plasma level. Stable isotope studies have strengthened the evidence that triglyceride enrichment of HDL increases its catabolism Laboratory. Curr Opin Lipidol 11:261-266 (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Marsh, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 39
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 3
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0957-9672
J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL
JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 11
IS 3
BP 261
EP 266
DI 10.1097/00041433-200006000-00006
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral
   Vascular Disease
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism;
   Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 318FA
UT WOS:000087272200006
PM 10882341
ER

PT J
AU Kang, DM
   Li, DL
   Shankland, M
   Gaffield, W
   Weisblat, D
AF Kang, DM
   Li, DL
   Shankland, M
   Gaffield, W
   Weisblat, D
TI A hedgehog homolog regulates gut formation in leech
SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Univ Texas, Dept Zool, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   Univ Texas, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0012-1606
J9 DEV BIOL
JI Dev. Biol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2000
VL 222
IS 1
MA 182
BP 253
EP 253
PG 1
WC Developmental Biology
SC Developmental Biology
GA 323AN
UT WOS:000087542500194
ER

PT J
AU Zipperer, WC
   Wu, JG
   Pouyat, RV
   Pickett, STA
AF Zipperer, WC
   Wu, JG
   Pouyat, RV
   Pickett, STA
TI The application of ecological principles to urban and urbanizing
   landscapes
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID EDGE CITIES; CITY; MANAGEMENT; USA
C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, Forest Serv, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
   Arizona State Univ W, Dept Life Sci, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA.
   Baltimore Ecosyst Study, Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, USDA Forest Serv, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA.
   Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.
RP Zipperer, WC (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, Forest Serv, 1100 Irving Ave,5 Moon Lib, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
RI WU, Jingle/A-4055-2009; Wu, Jianguo/G-6267-2010
NR 24
TC 100
Z9 115
U1 1
U2 21
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 10
IS 3
BP 685
EP 688
DI 10.2307/2641038
PG 4
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 322JN
UT WOS:000087506600007
ER

PT J
AU Rieman, BE
   Dunham, JB
AF Rieman, BE
   Dunham, JB
TI Metapopulations and salmonids: a synthesis of life history patterns and
   empirical observations
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Ecology of Stream Fish Symposium
CY APR 13-17, 1998
CL ASTURISS, SPAIN
DE salmonid; metapopulation; life history; dispersal; persistence;
   fragmentation
ID EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNITS; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; TROUT
   SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; BULL TROUT; CHINOOK-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA;
   SOCKEYE-SALMON; LOCAL ADAPTATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON
AB Metapopulation theory has attracted considerable interest with reference to the salmonids. There has been little empirical evidence, however, to guide the evaluation or application of metapopulation concepts. From knowledge of salmonid life histories and our own work with bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) and westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi), we suggest that simple generalizations of salmonid metapopulations are inappropriate. Although spatial structuring and dispersal mechanisms are evident, the relevance of extinction and colonization processes are likely to vary with life history, species, scale, and landscape. Understanding dispersal, the role of suitable but unoccupied habitats, and the potential for extinction debts in non-equilibrium metapopulations are key issues. With regard to conservation of salmonids, we suggest that efforts to understand and conserve key processes likely to influence the persistence of populations or metapopulations will be more successful than efforts to design minimal habitat reserves based on metapopulation theory.
C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
   Univ Nevada, Biol Resources Res Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Rieman, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
EM brieman/rmrs_boise@fs.fed.us
NR 113
TC 140
Z9 141
U1 3
U2 43
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0906-6691
EI 1600-0633
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 9
IS 1-2
BP 51
EP 64
DI 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2000.90106.x
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 315XP
UT WOS:000087138500006
ER

PT J
AU Xue, RD
   Barnard, DR
   Ali, A
AF Xue, RD
   Barnard, DR
   Ali, A
TI Laboratory toxicity of three mosquito oviposition repellents to six
   nontarget aquatic invertebrates
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Eucyclops agilis; Toxorhynchites amboinensis; Chironomus decorus;
   Strelkovimermis spiculatus; insect repellents; toxicity
ID LC50 VALUES; PESTICIDES; MALATHION
AB Toxicity of three mosquito oviposition repellents, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (AI3-22542 or deet), AI3-35765, and AI3-37220 to 6 aquatic nontarget invertebrates, was evaluated in the laboratory. The 24-h LC50 values for Cypricercus sp. (Ostracoda), Moina sp. (Cladocera), Eucyclops agilis Koch (Copepoda), Strelkovimermis spiculatus Poinar & Camino (Nematoda), first- and fourth-instar Toxorhynchites amboinensis Doleschall larvae (Diptera), and fourth-instar Chironomus decorus Johannsen larvae (Diptera) ranged from 0.012 to 0.127% or 120 to 1,270 ppm. Cypricercus sp., Moina sp., E. agilis, first-instar Tx. amboinensis and fourth-instar C. decorus were generally more sensitive to the test repellents than male and female S. spiculatus and fourth-instar Tx. amboinensis. Male S. spiculatus was more sensitive to the repellents than its female and this was probably because of the smaller body size of the male. All invertebrates were generally more sensitive to AI3-37220 than to deer and AI3-35765. The experimental repellents were considered safe to the aquatic nontarget organisms when employed as oviposition repellents for Aedes albopicus (Skuse) mosquitoes.
C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA.
   Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA.
RP Xue, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA.
RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015
NR 11
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 9
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0046-225X
J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL
JI Environ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 3
BP 437
EP 441
PG 5
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 359QK
UT WOS:000089623400005
ER

PT J
AU Wang, CL
   Strazanac, J
   Butler, L
AF Wang, CL
   Strazanac, J
   Butler, L
TI Abundance, diversity, and activity of ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in
   oak-dominated mixed Appalachian forests treated with microbial
   pesticides
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ants; microbial pesticides; nontarget effect; forest
ID GYPSY-MOTH; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SPECIES HYMENOPTERA; LAND-USE;
   ARTHROPODS; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; TRAPS
AB This study is part of a long-term analysis of nontarget effects of microbial pesticide application in the George Washington (Augusta County, VA, USA) and Monongahela National Forests (Pocahontas County, WV, USA). Ants were collected using pitfall traps to assess the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner variety kurstaki (Foray 48 F) and gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Gypchek) application on ant communities. Ant samples were also compared by sampling years. Pitfall traps were operated for 45 wk during summers of 1995-1997. A total of 31,732 ants was collected from pitfall traps; they belonged to four subfamilies, 17 genera, and 31 species. The ant species richness, diversity, abundance, and species composition did not change as a result of the treatments. Further tests of ant abundance were suggested because the test power was low. Comparisons between sampling years showed a very similar species composition and species evenness. There was a significant decrease in ant abundance in the third year of sampling, which might have been caused by over-trapping. Some rare species did not appear in the second and third year of sampling.
C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Wang, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stoneville Res Quarantine Facil, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
OI Wang, Changlu/0000-0003-0214-7236
NR 45
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 9
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0046-225X
J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL
JI Environ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 3
BP 579
EP 586
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 359QK
UT WOS:000089623400022
ER

PT J
AU Carpenter, JE
   Proshold, FI
AF Carpenter, JE
   Proshold, FI
TI Survival of Archytas marmoratus (Diptera : Tachinidae) from
   superparasitized corn earworm larvae (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Archytas marmoratus; Helicoverpa zea; biological control; Tachinidae;
   augmentation; inundative release
ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; STAGE CORN; WHORL
AB We investigated the survival of Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) from superparasitized Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) larvae. About half of the planidia of A. marmoratus brushed on larvae of the corn earworm. N. zea, became established. Fourth instars were more susceptible to parasitization than other instars, but parasitoid eclosion from superparasitized hosts was greatest in fifth instars. The number of hosts producing A. marmoratus adults declined linearly with the number of maggots pel host, with no eclosion of A. marmoratus from hosts with >10 maggots. When third-instar corn earworm were collected from artificially infested, whorl-stage corn after the release of A. marmoratus, 75% of the parasitized larvae were superparasitized. Superparasitism reduced parasitoid eclosion more severely in field plots than in the laboratory. As in laboratory studies, the number of hosts producing A. marmoratus adults declined linearly with an increased number of maggots, but no parasitoid eclosed if hosts had more than four maggots. The number of maggots per corn earworm larva was highly correlated with percentage parasitism. Consequently, the release rate of A. marmoratus might need to be adjusted to host density so that superparasitism does not reduce the survival rate of the parasitoid.
C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
RP Carpenter, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0046-225X
J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL
JI Environ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 29
IS 3
BP 606
EP 611
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 359QK
UT WOS:000089623400025
ER

PT J
AU London, E
   Etzel, RA
AF London, E
   Etzel, RA
TI The environment as an etiologic factor in autism: A new direction for
   research
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; autism epidemiology; autism etiology; children; developmental
   disorders; retinoids; gene-environment interaction; Hox genes
ID VITAMIN-A INTAKE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS; RETINOIDS; DISORDER;
   DEFECTS; PARENTS
AB Autism is one of a group of developmental disorders that have devastating lifelong effects on its victims. Despite the severity of the disease and the fact that it is relatively common (15 in 10,000), there is still little understanding of its etiology. Although believed to be highly genetic, no abnormal genes have been found. Recent findings in autism and in related disorders point to the possibility that the disease is caused by a gene-environment interaction. Epidemiologic studies indicate that: the number of cases of autism is increasing dramatically each year. it is not clear whether this is due to a real increase in the disease or whether this is an artifact of ascertainment. A new theory regarding the etiology of autism suggests that it may be a disease of very early fetal development (approximately day 20-24 of gestation). This theory has initiated new lines of investigation into developmental genes. Environmental exposures during pregnancy could cause or contribute to autism based on the neurobiology of these genes.
C1 Natl Alliance Autism Res, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA.
   USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Div Epidemiol & Risk Assessment, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP London, E (reprint author), Natl Alliance Autism Res, 414 Wall St,Res Pk, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
NR 42
TC 52
Z9 56
U1 5
U2 20
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 108
SU 3
BP 401
EP 404
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 326RK
UT WOS:000087748400006
PM 10852835
ER

PT J
AU Flebbe, PA
AF Flebbe, PA
TI Patterns of aquatic species imperilment in the southern Appalachians: An
   evaluation of regional databases
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE aquatic species; fish; molluscs; species imperilment; hot spots;
   southern Appalachians; regional analysis
ID UNITED-STATES; FISHES
AB For regional analyses of species imperilment patterns, data on species distributions are available from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and from the state heritage programs. We compared these two different databases as sources of best available information for regional analyses of patterns of aquatic species imperilment for 132 counties in the southern Appalachians and examined patterns produced from the databases. The heritage program database contained information about a greater number of imperiled species because species need not be federally listed as threatened or endangered to be included in this database. in the southern Appalachians, about half of imperiled molluscs and about one-fourth of imperiled fish were listed as threatened or endangered; much smaller proportions of other taxonomic groups were federally listed. Most threatened and endangered species appeared on both lists, but for about 40% of the species inconsistencies exist, notably a lack of recent records in the heritage program dataset. Numbers of species in each county were significantly different between the two datasets for Georgia, Tennessee, and Virginia, where the largest number of threatened and endangered species reside. Nevertheless, some counties always appeared as centers of imperilment, and the general spatial patterns of imperilment were similar.
C1 Virginia Tech, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   US Forest Serv, Cherokee Natl Forest, Cleveland, TN 37320 USA.
RP Flebbe, PA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Mail Code 0321, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 25
IS 6
BP 681
EP 694
DI 10.1007/s002670010053
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 310PV
UT WOS:000086837300009
ER

PT J
AU Marshall, WE
   Wartelle, LH
   Boler, DE
   Toles, CA
AF Marshall, WE
   Wartelle, LH
   Boler, DE
   Toles, CA
TI Metal ion adsorption by soybean hulls modified with citric acid: A
   comparative study
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE soybean hulls; metal ion adsorption; citric acid; sodium hydroxide
ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; CORN PROTEIN
   PRODUCTS; EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; BINDING-PROPERTIES; ADSORBENTS; CITRATE
AB Soybean hulls, extracted with 0.1 N NaOH (BE) and modified in the presence of 0.6 M citric acid (CA), were compared to similarily treated peanut shells and the hulls of almonds, cottonseed and macadamia nut for their ability to adsorb copper ion (Cu2+) as a typical metal ion. BE, CA-modified soybean hulls had the highest metal ion adsorption but similarly treated almond hulls had the highest total negative charge. BE, CA-modified soybean hulls also were compared to BE hulls modified in the presence of 0.6 M concentrations of four different dicarboxylic acids (maleic, malic, succinic, tartaric) for their copper ion adsorption potential. Hulls modified with CA had the highest adsorption of copper ion by virtue of their largest total. negative charge. Adsorption capacities and affinity constants for the metal ions cadmium (Cd2+) copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), lead (Pb2+) and zinc (Zn2+) were determined for BE, CA-modified hulls at pH 4.8. Adsorption capacities for all ions were greater than 1.0 mmol g(-1) hull. These hulls were compared to two commercial cation exchange and two commercial chelating resins for adsorption of the live metals at three metal ion concentrations either in a solution containing all five ions or as individual metals. When all five metal ions were present at the highest concentration (7 mM), modified soybean hulls removed more metal ions than any of the commercial products. For individual metal ions, all adsorbents generally were quite effective at metals removal at the three concentration levels. Our comparative results demonstrate that modified soybean hulls have excellent metals removal properties and can be considered as a product with possible commercial potential for metal ion remediation.
C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
RP Marshall, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
NR 18
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 4
U2 19
PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV
PI LONDON
PA 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON, ENGLAND W4 1BN
SN 0959-3330
J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL
JI Environ. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 21
IS 6
BP 601
EP 607
DI 10.1080/09593332108618075
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 323VF
UT WOS:000087585100001
ER

PT J
AU Beaufrere, B
   Castaneda, C
   de Groot, L
   Kurpad, A
   Roberts, S
   Tessari, P
AF Beaufrere, B
   Castaneda, C
   de Groot, L
   Kurpad, A
   Roberts, S
   Tessari, P
TI Report of the IDECG Working Group on energy and macronutrient metabolism
   and requirements of the elderly
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Univ Clermont Auvergne, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine, Lab Nutr Humaine, F-63009 Clermont Ferrand, France.
   Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr & Epidemiol, Wageningen, Netherlands.
   St Johns Med Coll, Dept Physiol, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
   Univ Padua, Cattedra Malattie Ricambio, Padua, Italy.
RP Beaufrere, B (reprint author), Univ Clermont Auvergne, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine, Lab Nutr Humaine, BP 321, F-63009 Clermont Ferrand, France.
OI de Groot, Lisette /0000-0003-2778-2789
NR 3
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0954-3007
J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR
JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 54
SU 3
BP S162
EP S163
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 333FG
UT WOS:000088118600023
PM 11041090
ER

PT J
AU Roberts, SB
AF Roberts, SB
TI Regulation of energy intake in relation to metabolic state and
   nutritional status
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop of the International-Dietary-Energy-Consultative-Group
CY MAY, 1999
CL TUFS UNIV, USDA HUMAN NUTRIT RES CTR, BOSTON, MA
SP Int Dietary Energy Consultat Grp
HO TUFS UNIV, USDA HUMAN NUTRIT RES CTR
DE aging; energy intake; nutritional status
ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; FOOD-INTAKE; NATIONAL
   COHORT; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; BODY FATNESS; WEIGHT-LOSS; OLDER
   MEN; EXPENDITURE
AB Inadequate energy intake can be an important contributor to weight loss in older individuals. This review highlights recent studies on possible causes of negative energy balance in older individuals. Studies of the regulation of food intake suggest that aging is associated with a significant impairment in the regulation of food intake that inhibits appropriate short-term and long-term compensation for imposed alterations in energy intake. The combination of a reduced ability to regulate energy intake, decreased sensory-specific satiety, and disadvantageous social factors such as functional limitations, social isolation and depression, increases the risk of negative energy balance leading to weight loss in older individuals.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington S, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12829]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 46124]
NR 52
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 2
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0954-3007
EI 1476-5640
J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR
JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 54
SU 3
BP S64
EP S69
PG 6
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 333FG
UT WOS:000088118600010
PM 11041077
ER

PT J
AU Roubenoff, R
   Scrimshaw, N
   Shetty, P
   Woo, J
AF Roubenoff, R
   Scrimshaw, N
   Shetty, P
   Woo, J
TI Report of the IDECG Working Group on the role of lifestyle including
   nutrition for the health of the elderly
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Sci, London WC1B 3DP, England.
   Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   UNU Foor & Nutr Program, Boston, MA USA.
   Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Med, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
RP Shetty, P (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Sci, 49-51 Bedford Sq, London WC1B 3DP, England.
RI Woo, Jean/K-2625-2014
OI Woo, Jean/0000-0001-7593-3081
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0954-3007
J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR
JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 54
SU 3
BP S164
EP S165
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 333FG
UT WOS:000088118600024
PM 11041091
ER

PT J
AU Roubenoff, R
AF Roubenoff, R
TI Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop of the International-Dietary-Energy-Consultative-Group
CY MAY, 1999
CL TUFS UNIV, USDA HUMAN NUTRIT RES CTR, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
SP Int Dietary Energy Consultat Grp
HO TUFS UNIV, USDA HUMAN NUTRIT RES CTR
DE aging; sarcopenia
ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HEAVY-CHAIN COMPOSITION; TOTAL-BODY POTASSIUM;
   SINGLE FIBERS; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY;
   RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ENERGY-BALANCE; GROWTH-HORMONE; STRENGTH
AB Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength with age. Sarcopenia is a part of normal aging, and occurs even in master athletes, although it is clearly accelerated by physical inactivity. Sarcopenia contributes to disability, reduced ability to cope with the stress of a major illness, and to mortality in the elderly. The etiology of sarcopenia is unclear, but several important factors have been identified. These include loss of alpha motor neurons, decline in muscle cell contractility, and several potential humoral factors, such as androgen and estrogen withdrawal and increase in production of catabolic cytokines. Treatment of sarcopenia with progressive resistance training is safe and effective, but dissemination of this technique to the general population has yet to occur. As the number of elderly persons increases exponentially in the new century, a public health approach to prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, based on increasing physical activity at all ages, will be crucial to avoiding an epidemic of disability in the future.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, NEPS Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, NEPS Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
FU NIA NIH HHS [AG15797]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK45734]
NR 63
TC 131
Z9 137
U1 1
U2 9
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0954-3007
J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR
JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 54
SU 3
BP S40
EP S47
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 333FG
UT WOS:000088118600007
PM 11041074
ER

PT J
AU Jarvis, GN
   Kizoulis, MG
   Diez-Gonzalez, F
   Russell, JB
AF Jarvis, GN
   Kizoulis, MG
   Diez-Gonzalez, F
   Russell, JB
TI The genetic diversity of predominant Escherichia coli strains isolated
   from cattle fed various amounts of hay and grain
SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Escherichia coli; cattle; genetic diversity; pulsed-field gel
   electrophoresis; 16S rRNA
ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEALTHY DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; DAIRY-CATTLE;
   O157-H7; DISSEMINATION; PREVALENCE; WISCONSIN; TOXICITY; ACID; PH
AB When the 16S rDNA of predominant Escherichia coli strains from cattle was digested with HhaI and HaeIII, the strains could be subdivided into four operational taxonomic units. When genomic DNA was digested with XbaI, strains could be grouped into 24 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes (> 95% Dice similarity) and five clades (> 20% Dice similarity). Diet (hay versus grain) and gastrointestinal compartment (rumen versus colon) did not have a large impact on diversity. However, both analyses indicated that the cows (n = 2) had different E. coli populations. When all 22 colonic strains were inoculated into a maltose-limited chemostat, only a single genotype persisted. Based on these results, the genetic diversity of E. coli in the cattle is very great and this bacterium can occupy different niches. (C) 2000 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
NR 32
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-6496
J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL
JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 3
BP 225
EP 233
DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00715.x
PG 9
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 329ZT
UT WOS:000087938900005
ER

PT J
AU Morales-Ramos, JA
   Rojas, MG
   King, EG
AF Morales-Ramos, JA
   Rojas, MG
   King, EG
TI Differences in reproductive potential of two populations of Catolaccus
   grandis (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) and their hybrids
SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE boll weevil; parasitoid; population; variability; biological parameters;
   biological control
ID BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE INFESTATIONS; BURKS HYMENOPTERA
AB A new colony of the boll weevil ectoparasitoid Catolaccus grandis was introduced from Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico to improve vigor of a 12-year-old laboratory reared stock in Weslaco, Texas. The biological characteristics of the introduced colony were compared to those of the Weslaco colony and a crossbreed of these 2 colonies. Developmental time was not significantly different among the 3 colonies, but the preovipositional period of the Sinaloa females was 3 times as long compared to the other 2 colonies. The fecundity, net reproductive rate (R-o), and intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) of females from Sinaloa were significantly lower than those of females from Weslaco and the hybrid colony. Generation time (G) and doubling time (DT) were significantly longer in the Sinaloa colony. These characteristics make the Sinaloa population less desirable for mass propagation and release to control boll weevil populations than the Weslaco colony. The biological and population parameters of the hybrid colony were not significantly different from those of the Weslaco population. The implications of the observed results on the mass propagation and release strategies against the boll weevil are discussed and recommendations are presented.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859
NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI LUTZ
PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA
SN 0015-4040
J9 FLA ENTOMOL
JI Fla. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 2
BP 137
EP 145
DI 10.2307/3496149
PG 9
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 479TL
UT WOS:000171419600001
ER

PT J
AU Davidson, EW
   Rosell, RC
   Hendrix, DL
AF Davidson, EW
   Rosell, RC
   Hendrix, DL
TI Culturable bacteria associted with the whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii
   (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae)
SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Bemisia tabaci B-biotype; Enterobacter cloacae; Bacillus sp.; symbiotic
   bacteria
ID ARTHROPOD VECTOR COMPETENCE; TABACI; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CICADELLIDAE;
   ENDOSYMBIONTS; TRANSMISSION; OVIPOSITION; SILVERLEAF; SYMBIONT; LARVAE
AB Several different types of bacteria were cultured from surface-sterilized Bemisia argentifolii Bellows, Perring, Gill and Hedrick 1994 (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) adults and nymphs, including Bacillus spp., Gram-variable pleomorphic rods and Gram-positive cocci. Two of the isolates were capable of being ingested by adults and passed into the honeydew. One of these, Enterobacter cloacae, was found within the gut cells of adult whiteflies and was mildly pathogenic. This isolate represents the first bacterium with potential as a pathogen of whiteflies. Bacteria which were not capable of being ingested, may have been located in structures which were protected from surface sterilization, such as the lingula or the female reproductive tract.
C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77006 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA.
RP Davidson, EW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 29
TC 23
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 4
PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI LUTZ
PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA
SN 0015-4040
J9 FLA ENTOMOL
JI Fla. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 2
BP 159
EP 171
DI 10.2307/3496151
PG 13
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 479TL
UT WOS:000171419600003
ER

PT J
AU Shelly, TE
   Villalobos, E
AF Shelly, TE
   Villalobos, E
CA Students Fall 1997 OTS-USAP
TI Buzzing bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae, Halictidae) on Solanum (Solanaceae):
   Floral choice and handling time track pollen availability
SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Apidae; buzz pollination; Costa Rica; foraging behavior; Halictidae;
   Solanum
ID BUMBLE BEES; FLOWERS; INFLORESCENCES; EFFICIENCY; RETURNS
AB Flower selection and pollen-collecting effort were monitored for 3 species of bees that sonicate flowers of Solanum wendlandii Hook. for pollen in southern Costa Rica. Between 0700-0900 hours, Bombus pullatus (Fkln.), Euglossa erythrochlora Moure, and Pseudaugochloropsis graminea (Fabricius) foraged more frequently at new flowers (that had opened the day of observation) than old ones (that had opened at least 1 day before observation). Between 0900-1100 hours, however, this preference was no longer evident, and all 3 species visited new and old flowers with similar frequency. E. erythrochlora and P. graminea spent more time harvesting pollen during 1) initial (first or second) visits to new flowers than initial visits to old flowers and 2) initial visits to new flowers than final (seventh or later) visits to new flowers. Similar, although not statistically significant, trends were evident for B. pullatus as well. An experiment using pollinator exclusion bags revealed that the reduced foraging effort at individual flowers was resource-dependent and was not simply a time-dependent phenomenon.
C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaiian Evolutionary Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   Duke Univ, Org Trop Studies, Undergrad Semester Abroad Program, Durham, NC 27705 USA.
RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, POB 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA.
NR 19
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 16
PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI LUTZ
PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA
SN 0015-4040
J9 FLA ENTOMOL
JI Fla. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 2
BP 180
EP 187
DI 10.2307/3496153
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 479TL
UT WOS:000171419600005
ER

PT J
AU Reed, HC
   Landolt, PJ
AF Reed, HC
   Landolt, PJ
TI Application of alarm pheromone to targets by southern yellowjackets
   (Hymenoptera : Vespidae)
SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID MAJOR COMPONENT; (Z)-11-EICOSEN-1-OL; VENOM
C1 ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
RP Reed, HC (reprint author), Oral Roberts Univ, Dept Biol, Tulsa, OK 74171 USA.
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 7
PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI LUTZ
PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA
SN 0015-4040
J9 FLA ENTOMOL
JI Fla. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 2
BP 193
EP 196
DI 10.2307/3496156
PG 4
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 479TL
UT WOS:000171419600008
ER

PT J
AU Christensen, C
AF Christensen, C
TI The new policy environment for food aid: the challenge of sub-Saharan
   Africa
SO FOOD POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE food security; food policy; food aid; Africa
AB Food-aid decisions are being made in a new policy environment and implemented under changing institutional arrangements and guidelines. Constrained budgets and changing US agricultural policies, as well as economic and policy reform in developing countries, affect food-aid decision-making and implementation at the national level. Global forces - trade liberalization, WTO negotiations and the outcome of the recent World Food Summit - create both constraints and opportunities for food aid's role in a more complicated and dynamic world. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 USDA, ERS, MTED, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
RP Christensen, C (reprint author), USDA, ERS, MTED, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0306-9192
J9 FOOD POLICY
JI Food Policy
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 25
IS 3
BP 255
EP 268
DI 10.1016/S0306-9192(00)00005-1
PG 14
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology;
   Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition
   & Dietetics
GA 322DW
UT WOS:000087495800004
ER

PT J
AU Shane, M
   Teigen, L
   Gehlhar, M
   Roe, T
AF Shane, M
   Teigen, L
   Gehlhar, M
   Roe, T
TI Economic growth and world food insecurity: a parametric approach
SO FOOD POLICY
LA English
DT Article
ID INCOME
AB This paper focuses on the feasibility of reducing the number of individuals that are food insecure to about 700 million by 2015. A sufficient statistic to characterize the level and distribution of income in 134 countries is developed and regressed on variables hypothesized to be its major determinants, A global general equilibrium model is then calibrated to data and experiments performed that change the levels of these variables. The results show that attaining the 700 million target is feasible, but unlikely. Growth in economy-wide total factor productivity, agricultural factor productivity and labor productivity is analyzed. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   USDA, ERS, TAB, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
RP Roe, T (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, 1994 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0306-9192
J9 FOOD POLICY
JI Food Policy
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 25
IS 3
BP 297
EP 315
DI 10.1016/S0306-9192(00)00008-7
PG 19
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology;
   Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition
   & Dietetics
GA 322DW
UT WOS:000087495800007
ER

PT J
AU Castleberry, SB
   Ford, WM
   Miller, KV
   Smith, WP
AF Castleberry, SB
   Ford, WM
   Miller, KV
   Smith, WP
TI Influences of herbivory and canopy opening size on forest regeneration
   in a southern bottomland hardwood forest
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE white-tailed deer; herbivory; group selection; bottomland hardwoods;
   regeneration; South Carolina
ID WHITE-TAILED DEER
AB We examined the effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browsing and canopy opening size on relative abundance and diversity of woody and herbaceous regeneration in various sized forest openings in a southern bottomland hardwood forest over three growing seasons (1995-1997). We created 36 canopy openings (gaps), ranging from 7 to 40 m in radius, by group selection timber harvest in December 1994. Fenced exclosures were constructed in the center of each gap and vegetation was sampled monthly from April to September. Plant species richness, diversity, evenness, relative abundance, and a browsing index were calculated for each gap size and for each exclosure type. Herbaceous richness, diversity, or evenness did not differ among exclosure types in any year of the study. Browsing index was higher in the controls in 1996 and 1997. Browsing index for woody species was highest in the controls in 1995 and 1997. Relative abundance of herbaceous species was highest in the 29 m gap size in 1997. Richness and diversity of woody species were lowest in the 29 m gap size in 1995 and 1996. Overall browsing rates on both woody and herbaceous vegetation were low throughout all the 3 years of the study. Low browsing rates reflect seasonal changes in habitat use by deer. Because of the low rates of browsing, vegetative differences among exclosure treatments and gap sizes likely are not attributable to deer herbivory. Other factors, such as soil disturbance, may have influenced the initial vegetative response more than herbivory or gap size. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Georgia, Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA.
   US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Miller, KV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
NR 26
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JUN 1
PY 2000
VL 131
IS 1-3
BP 57
EP 64
DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00200-5
PG 8
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 320XU
UT WOS:000087426800005
ER

PT J
AU Bird, S
   Coulson, RN
   Crossley, DA
AF Bird, S
   Coulson, RN
   Crossley, DA
TI Impacts of silvicultural practices on soil and litter arthropod
   diversity in a Texas pine plantation
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE effects of silvicultural practices; diversity of soil arthropods; forest
   ecosystems; bioindicators
ID FOREST HARVEST; BEECH FOREST; MICROARTHROPODS; BIODIVERSITY;
   DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; SUSTAINABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; COLLEMBOLAN;
   SPIDERS
AB In this study we used the diversity of soil and litter arthropods as a metric for evaluating the ecological effects of silvicultural practices of various intensities in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forest ecosystem. The treatments included low and high intensity harvesting, soil bedding, chemical herbicide application, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Soil and litter cores were used to sample arthropods after harvesting. In the first year following removal of trees, species diversity was higher in hand-fell, hole-only harvested plots than in mechanical, whole-tree harvested plots and higher in non-bedded plots than in bedded plots. However, these differences did not persist into the second year following harvesting. The recovery of undergrowth vegetation in the second year and the development of a rudimentary litter layer may have increased diversity in the more intensively treated plots. Arthropod species richness increased following nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, but Shannon diversity did not. This indicates that the arthropod community had responded to fertilization with a shift in community composition. The rapid recovery of arthropod diversity in the second year following tree removal suggests that the silvicultural treatments used at this site did not put long-term productivity at risk. Comparisons with other similar studies suggest that when aiming for sustainable forest management, the particular silvicultural practices that allow for ecosystem recovery may depend on local and regional conditions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Knowledge Engn Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Bird, S (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
NR 46
TC 34
Z9 40
U1 3
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JUN 1
PY 2000
VL 131
IS 1-3
BP 65
EP 80
DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00201-7
PG 16
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 320XU
UT WOS:000087426800006
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, HB
   Polley, HW
   Whitis, RP
AF Johnson, HB
   Polley, HW
   Whitis, RP
TI Elongated chambers for field studies across atmospheric CO2 gradients
SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE air temperature; photosynthesis; respiration; vapour pressure deficit
ID OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBER; CARBON-DIOXIDE
   GRADIENT; ELEVATED CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; SUBAMBIENT; GROWTH; RESPONSES;
   WHEAT; ECOSYSTEMS
AB 1, We describe a field facility that controls CO2 along continuous gradients from superambient to subambient concentrations. The facility consists of two transparent, tunnel-shaped chambers, each 1-m wide and tall and 60-m long. Pure CO2 is injected into one chamber during daylight to initiate a superambient CO2 gradient (550-350 mu mol mol(-1)). Ambient air is introduced to the second chamber to initiate a subambient CO2 gradient (350-200 mu mol mol(-1)). CO2 concentrations at night are regulated at 150 mu mol mol(-1) above daytime values along each gradient. The CO2 gradients are maintained by varying the rate and direction (day/night) of air flow.
   2, Air temperature and vapour pressure deficit are regulated near ambient values by cooling and dehumidifying air at 5-m intervals along chambers.
   3, Desired CO2 gradients were regulated on grassland for virtually the entire 9-month growing season in 1998, including a 6-month drought. Consistent CO2 concentrations were maintained along gradients despite seasonal variation in species composition, leaf area, and temperature.
   4, Daytime temperatures in chambers tracked the seasonal pattern in 1998. The polyethylene covering on chambers transmitted 90% of incident light, but usually increased the ratio of diffuse to direct light.
   5, By enabling the study of trends in plant and ecosystem responses to CO2 over both subambient and superambient concentrations. elongated chambers fill a void in CO2 research facilities.
C1 ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA.
RP Johnson, HB (reprint author), ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA.
NR 24
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0269-8463
J9 FUNCT ECOL
JI Funct. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 14
IS 3
BP 388
EP 396
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00435.x
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 347PP
UT WOS:000088938600013
ER

PT J
AU Shippy, TD
   Guo, JH
   Brown, SJ
   Beeman, RW
   Denell, RE
AF Shippy, TD
   Guo, JH
   Brown, SJ
   Beeman, RW
   Denell, RE
TI Analysis of maxillopedia expression pattern and larval cuticular
   phenotype in wild-type and mutant tribolium
SO GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HOMEOTIC GENE PROBOSCIPEDIA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EVOLUTION;
   CASTANEUM; LOCUS; HEAD; SEGMENTATION; INTERFERENCE; COMPLEX; HOMOLOG
AB The Tribolium castaneum homeotic gene maxillopedia (mxp) is the ortholog of Drosophila proboscipedia (pb). Here we describe and classify available mxp alleles. Larvae lacking all mxp function die soon after hatching, exhibiting strong transformations of maxillary and labial palps to legs. Hypomorphic mxp alleles produce less severe transformations to leg. RNA interference with maxillopedia double-stranded RNA results in phenocopies of mxp mutant phenotypes ranging from partial to complete transformations. A number of gain-of-function (GOF) mxp alleles have been isolated based on transformations of adult antennae and/or legs toward palps. Finally, we have characterized the mxp expression pattern in wild-type and mutant embryos. In normal embryos, mxp is expressed in the maxillary and labial segments, whereas ectopic expression is observed in some GOF variants. Although mxp and Pb display very similar expression patterns, Pb null embryos develop normally. The mxp mutant larval phenotype in Tribolium is consistent with the hypothesis that an ancestral pb-like gene had an embryonic function that was lost in the lineage leading to Drosophila.
C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   USDA, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA.
RP Denell, RE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
EM rdenell@ksu.edu
FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29594]
NR 31
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 1
PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0016-6731
EI 1943-2631
J9 GENETICS
JI Genetics
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 155
IS 2
BP 721
EP 731
PG 11
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 321VJ
UT WOS:000087475100021
PM 10835394
ER

PT J
AU Ueng, PP
   Hang, A
   Tsang, H
   Vega, JM
   Wang, L
   Burton, CS
   He, FT
   Liu, B
AF Ueng, PP
   Hang, A
   Tsang, H
   Vega, JM
   Wang, L
   Burton, CS
   He, FT
   Liu, B
TI Molecular analyses of a repetitive DNA sequence in wheat (Triticum
   aestivum L.)
SO GENOME
LA English
DT Article
DE repetitive sequence; genomic DNA; Triticum aestivum; fluorescence in
   situ hybridization; long terminal repeat
ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOMES; FAMILY; EVOLUTION; BARLEY; BARE-1;
   RETROTRANSPOSON; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; CENTROMERES
AB A repetitive sequence designated WE35 was isolated from wheat genomic DNA. This sequence consists of a 320-bp repeat unit and represents approximately 0.002% of the total wheat DNA. It is unidirectionally distributed either continuously or discretely in the genome. Ladder-like banding patterns were observed in Southern blots when the wheat genomic DNA was restricted with endonuclease enzymes EcoRI, HincII, NciI, and NdeI, which is characteristic for tandemly organized sequences. Two DNA fragments in p451 were frequently associated with the WE35 repetitive unit in a majority of lambda wheat genomic clones. A 475-bp fragment homologous to the 5'-end long terminal repeat (LTR) of cereal retroelements was also found in some lambda wheat genomic clones containing the repetitive unit. Physical mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated that one pair of wheat chromosomes could be specifically detected with the WE35 positive probe p551. WE35 can be considered a chromosome-specific repetitive sequence. This repetitive unit could be used as a molecular marker for genetic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary studies in the tribe Triticeae.
C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Lab, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
RP Ueng, PP (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM pueng@asrr.arsusda.gov
RI Tsang, Hsinyi/C-9547-2011; Vega, Juan/L-3313-2014
OI Vega, Juan/0000-0002-7384-981X
NR 41
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0831-2796
J9 GENOME
JI Genome
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 43
IS 3
BP 556
EP 563
DI 10.1139/gen-43-3-556
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 318JF
UT WOS:000087279800019
PM 10902721
ER

PT J
AU Lan, TH
   DelMonte, TA
   Reischmann, KP
   Hyman, J
   Kowalski, SP
   McFerson, J
   Kresovich, S
   Paterson, AH
AF Lan, TH
   DelMonte, TA
   Reischmann, KP
   Hyman, J
   Kowalski, SP
   McFerson, J
   Kresovich, S
   Paterson, AH
TI An EST-enriched comparative map of Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis
   thaliana
SO GENOME RESEARCH
LA English
DT Letter
ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM LOCI; EXPRESSED DNA-SEQUENCES; FLOWERING TIME;
   LINKAGE MAP; GENETIC-MAP; RESISTANCE GENES; PHYSICAL MAP; NAPUS; RFLP;
   ORGANIZATION
AB A detailed comparative map of Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana has been established based largely on mapping of Arabidopsis ESTs in two Arabidopsis and four Brassica populations. Based on conservative criteria for inferring synteny, "one to one correspondence" between Brassica and Arabidopsis chromosomes accounted for 57% of comparative loci. Based on 186 corresponding loci detected in B. oleracea and A. thaliana, at least 19 chromosome structural rearrangements differentiate B. oleracea and A. thaliana orthologs. Chromosomal duplication in the B. oleracea genome was strongly suggested by parallel arrangements of duplicated loci on different chromosomes, which accounted for 41% of loci mapped in Brassica. Based on 367 loci mapped, at least 22 chromosomal rearrangements differentiate B. oleracea homologs from one another. Triplication of some Brassica chromatin and duplication of some Arabidopsis chromatin were suggested by data that could nor be accounted for by the one-to-one and duplication models, respectively. Twenty-seven probes detected three or more loci in Brassica,which represent 25.3% of the 367 loci mapped in Brassica. Thirty-one probes detected two or more loci in Arabidopsis, which represent 23.7% of the 262 loci mapped in Arabidopsis. Application of an EST-based, cross-species genomic framework to isolation of alleles conferring phenotypes unique to Brassica,as well as the challenges and opportunities in extrapolating genetic information from Arabidopsis to Brassica and to more distantly related crops, are discussed.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA.
RP Paterson, AH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NR 38
TC 117
Z9 140
U1 1
U2 2
PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS
PI PLAINVIEW
PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA
SN 1088-9051
J9 GENOME RES
JI Genome Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 10
IS 6
BP 776
EP 788
DI 10.1101/gr.10.6.776
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Genetics & Heredity
GA 324TV
UT WOS:000087638200005
PM 10854410
ER

PT J
AU Klein, PE
   Klein, RR
   Cartinhour, SW
   Ulanch, PE
   Dong, JM
   Obert, JA
   Morishige, DT
   Schlueter, SD
   Childs, KL
   Ale, M
   Mullet, JE
AF Klein, PE
   Klein, RR
   Cartinhour, SW
   Ulanch, PE
   Dong, JM
   Obert, JA
   Morishige, DT
   Schlueter, SD
   Childs, KL
   Ale, M
   Mullet, JE
TI A high-throughput AFLP-based method for constructing integrated genetic
   and physical maps: Progress toward a sorghum genome map
SO GENOME RESEARCH
LA English
DT Letter
ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; REPETITIVE DNA ELEMENT;
   ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LINKAGE MAP; RFLP MAP; BICOLOR; MARKERS;
   CENTROMERES; SEQUENCES; TELOMERE
AB Sorghum is an important target for plant genomic mapping because of its adaptation to harsh environments, diverse germplasm collection, and value for comparing the genomes of grass species such as corn and rice. The construction of an integrated genetic and physical map of the sorghum genome (750 Mbp) is a primary goal of our sorghum genome project. To help accomplish this task, we have developed a new high-throughput PCR-based method for building BAC contigs and locating BAC clones on the sorghum genetic map. This task involved pooling 24,576 sorghum BAC clones (similar to 4x genome equivalents) in six different matrices to create 184 pools of BAC DNA. DNA fragments from each pool were amplified using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology, resolved on a LI-COR dual-dye DNA sequencing system, and analyzed using Bionumerics software. On average, each set of AFLP primers amplified 28 single-copy DNA markers that: were useful for identifying overlapping BAC clones. Data from 32 different AFLP primer combinations identified similar to 2400 BACs and ordered similar to 700 BAC contigs. Analysis of a sorghum RIL mapping population using the same primer pairs located similar to 200 of the BAC contigs on the sorghum genetic map. Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of the entire collection of sorghum BAC clones was applied to test and extend the contigs constructed using this PCR-based methodology. Analysis of the fingerprint data allowed for the identification of 3366 contigs each containing an average of 5 BACs. BACs in similar to 65% of the contigs aligned by AFLP analysis had sufficient overlap to be confirmed by DNA fingerprint analysis. In addition, 30% of the overlapping BACs aligned by AFLP analysis provided information for merging contigs and singletons that could not be joined using fingerprint data alone. Thus, the combination of fingerprinting and AFLP-based contig assembly and mapping provides a reliable, high-throughput method for building an integrated genetic and physical map of the sorghum genome.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Crop Biotechnol Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
   Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Mullet, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Crop Biotechnol Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RI Schlueter, Shannon/C-3178-2009; Childs, Kevin/C-9513-2014
OI Childs, Kevin/0000-0002-3680-062X
NR 50
TC 146
Z9 167
U1 0
U2 8
PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS
PI PLAINVIEW
PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA
SN 1088-9051
J9 GENOME RES
JI Genome Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 10
IS 6
BP 789
EP 807
DI 10.1101/gr.10.6.789
PG 19
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Genetics & Heredity
GA 324TV
UT WOS:000087638200006
PM 10854411
ER

PT J
AU Barak, AV
   McGrevy, D
   Tokaya, G
AF Barak, AV
   McGrevy, D
   Tokaya, G
TI Dispersal and re-capture of marked, overwintering Tomicus piniperda
   (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) from Scotch pine bolts
SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID EFFECTIVE ATTRACTION RADIUS; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT; PHEROMONE;
   RECAPTURE; BEHAVIOR; TREES; TRAP
AB The pine shoot beetle (PSB), Tomicus piniperda is a recently established exotic pest of live pine in the southern Great Lakes region of the U.S. and Canada. Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L. is the most susceptible pine species, but the adult also attacks several other North American species of Pinus. This research investigated the dispersal behavior of beetles emerging from overwintering sites to aid in the development of effective monitoring and management practices. Scotch pine logs with overwintering PSB were sprayed with fluorescent pigments to mark dispersing beetles. These logs were placed in piles in the centers of three circular trap arrays of 8-unit Lindgren traps, baited with a-pinene, and placed at distances of 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 meters from the center along equally spaced radii. An estimated average of 393 PSB, or 23.4% of the overwintering PSB, dispersed from each of three log piles during the initial spring dispersal flight, and 21.9% of these were captured in traps. Traps within 100 meters caught 56.0 to 67.8% of the marked PSB recovered. Most (95.3%) marked PSB were trapped within 400 meters, but 12 beetles (4.7%) were trapped 780-2,000 meters away in adjacent trap arrays. The dispersal pattern of the population, as indicated by trap catch, was to the northeast, in the direction of prevailing westerly/ southerly winds up to 4.77 m/s daily average during beetle flight. Regression analysis suggests that the PSB within the experimental area had a predicted dispersal distance of 900 meters in an area that contained numerous traps. Dispersal distances may be greater under of conditions of strong and steady winds or if traps or abundant host material removed fewer PSB from the dispersing population. The use of traps to monitor specific sites should consider the direction of prevailing winds. Trap catches of wild PSB suggest that optimal inter-trap spacing for efficient detection could be about 78 m.
C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Otis Plant Protect Ctr, Otis, MA 02542 USA.
RP Barak, AV (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Otis Plant Protect Ctr, Bldg 1328, Otis, MA 02542 USA.
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 5
PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC
PI E LANSING
PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA
SN 0090-0222
J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL
JI Gt. Lakes Entomol.
PD SUM
PY 2000
VL 33
IS 2
BP 69
EP 80
PG 12
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 493LC
UT WOS:000172223200001
ER

PT J
AU Byers, RA
   Barker, GM
   Davidson, RL
   Hoebeke, ER
   Sanderson, MA
AF Byers, RA
   Barker, GM
   Davidson, RL
   Hoebeke, ER
   Sanderson, MA
TI Richness and abundance of Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera), in
   northeastern dairy pastures under intensive grazing
SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID ADULT CARABIDAE; DIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; ALFALFA; BEETLES; REGIMES;
   SYSTEMS
AB Dairy cattle grazing has become popular to dairy farmers in the Northeast looking for management schemes to cut production costs. Carabidae (ground beetles) and Staphylinidae (rove beetles) are indicators of habitat disturbances, such as drainage of wetlands, or grassland for grazing animals, and their monitoring could provide one measure of ecosystem sustainability if intensive grazing management systems expand or intensify in the future. Our objective was to assess the abundance and species richness of these two beetle families under intensive grazing throughout Pennsylvania, southern New York and Vermont. We collected 4365 ground beetles (83 species) and 4,027 rove beetles (79 species) by pitfall traps in three years in Pennsylvania. Nine ground beetle species, Amara aenea, Poecilus chalcites, Pterostichus melanarius, Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum, Amara familiaris, Poecilus lucublandus, Agonum muelleri, Bembidion obtusum and Bembidion mimus represented 80% of the Carabidae collected.
   Five other species were new to Pennsylvania. Four rove beetle species, Philonthus cognatus, Meronera. venustula, Amischa analis, and Philonthus various = (carbonarius), comprised 74% of the total Staphylinidae collected. Yearly distributions of the dominant species did not change significantly in the three years with A. aenea and P cognatus being most abundant every year. A parasitic rove beetle, Aleochara tristis, was recovered for the first time in Pennsylvania and Vermont since its release in the 1960's to control face fly, Musca autumnalis.
   Similar results were found in New York and Vermont. We collected 1,984 ground beetles (68 species). Pterostichus melanarius was most abundant. Pterostichus vernalis was detected for the first time in the United States (Vermont). It was previously reported from Montreal, Canada. We collected 843 rove beetles (45 species). Philonthus cognatus was the most abundant rove beetle. In addition, Tachinus corticinus, previously known only from Canada, was discovered for the first time in the United States in Vermont.
   Pastures in Pennsylvania were diverse, containing 14 species of forage plants and 17 weed species. Botanical composition was similar in New York and Vermont. Sixteen species of grasses and legumes made up 90% of the plant composition and 36 species of weeds made up the remainder. This diverse plant ecosystem may explain the richness of ground and rove beetles in northeastern U.S. pastures because the heterogeneity in the plant population provided additional resources which can support a rich assemblage of beetles. Monitoring richness and abundance of Carabidae and Staphylinidae over three years in Pennsylvania suggests intensive grazing systems are ecologically sustainable.
C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16801 USA.
RP Byers, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16801 USA.
NR 25
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 17
PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC
PI E LANSING
PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA
SN 0090-0222
J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL
JI Gt. Lakes Entomol.
PD SUM
PY 2000
VL 33
IS 2
BP 81
EP 105
PG 25
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 493LC
UT WOS:000172223200002
ER

PT J
AU Gornik, D
   Hemingway, RW
   Tisler, V
AF Gornik, D
   Hemingway, RW
   Tisler, V
TI Tannin-based cold-setting adhesives for face lamination of wood
SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF
LA English
DT Article
AB Tannin-based adhesives, in which 50-70 percent of resorcinol in PRF resins was substituted by tannin from pecan nut pith, were formulated for face-lamination of wood under cold-setting conditions. Synthesized tannin-based resins were also modified by further addition of pecan tannin. Bonds were tested in block-shear on the wood of Douglas-fir, spruce and southern pine according to AITC-107 and AITC-110 standards. Some of these tannin-based adhesive formulations meet the strength and wood failure requirements when bonding Douglas-fir and spruce.
C1 Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Wood Sci & Technol, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
   US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA.
RP Gornik, D (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Wood Sci & Technol, Rozna Dolina C 8-34, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0018-3768
J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST
JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 58
IS 1-2
BP 23
EP 30
DI 10.1007/s001070050380
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Materials Science
GA 335KY
UT WOS:000088243700004
ER

PT J
AU Rango, A
   Wergin, WP
   Erbe, EF
   Josberger, EG
AF Rango, A
   Wergin, WP
   Erbe, EF
   Josberger, EG
TI Snow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy: III. Glacier
   ice, snow and biota
SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES
LA English
DT Article
AB Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe metamorphosed snow, glacial firn, and glacial ice obtained from South Cascade Glacier in Washington State, USA. Biotic samples consisting of algae (Chlamydomonas nivalis) and ice worms (a species of oligochaetes) were also collected and imaged. In the field, the snow and biological samples were mounted on copper plates, cooled in liquid nitrogen, and stored in dry shipping containers which maintain a temperature of -196 degrees C. The firn and glacier ice samples were obtained by extracting horizontal ice cores, 8 mm in diameter, at different levels from larger standard glaciological (vertical) ice cores 7.5 cm in diameter. These samples were cooled in liquid nitrogen and placed in cryotubes, were stored in the same dry shipping container, and sent to the SEM facility. In the laboratory, the samples were sputter coated with platinum and imaged by a low-temperature SEM. To image the firn and glacier ice samples, the cores were fractured in liquid nitrogen, attached to a specimen holder, and then imaged. While light microscope images of snow and ice are difficult to interpret because of internal reflection and refraction, the SEM images provide a clear and unique view of the surface of the samples because they are generated from electrons emitted or reflected only from the surface of the sample. In addition, the SEM has a great depth of field with a wide range of magnifying capabilities. The resulting images clearly show the individual grains of the seasonal snowpack and the bonding between the snow grains. Images of firn show individual ice crystals, the bonding between the crystals, and connected air spaces. Images of glacier ice show a crystal structure on a scale of 1-2 mm which is considerably smaller than the expected crystal size. Microscopic air bubbles, less than 15 mu m in diameter, clearly marked the boundaries between these crystal-like features. The life forms associated with the glacier were easily imaged and studied. The low-temperature SEM sample collecting and handling methods proved to be operable in the field; the SEM analysis is applicable to glaciological studies and reveals details unattainable by conventional light microscopic methods.
C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Rango, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 26
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 10
PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY
PI WALLINGFORD
PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND
SN 0262-6667
J9 HYDROLOG SCI J
JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 45
IS 3
BP 357
EP 375
DI 10.1080/02626660009492335
PG 19
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 331LJ
UT WOS:000088020300002
ER

PT J
AU Nelson, SO
   Kraszewski, AW
   Trabelsi, S
   Lawrence, KC
AF Nelson, SO
   Kraszewski, AW
   Trabelsi, S
   Lawrence, KC
TI Using cereal grain permittivity for sensing moisture content
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE cereal grains; density; dielectric constant; loss factor; microwaves;
   moisture measurement; permittivity
ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE PARAMETERS;
   BULK-DENSITY; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; FREQUENCIES; DEPENDENCE; CORN
AB A brief history of cereal grain moisture measurement by sensing the electrical properties of grain is presented. The basic principles are also described for using radio-frequency (RF) and microwave dielectric properties, or permittivity, of grain for sensing moisture through their correlation with moisture content, The development of density-independent functions of the permittivity is explained. The findings of recent research are summarized, which indicate that reliable density-independent moisture content determinations can be realized by measurements on grain at RF and microwave frequencies. Development of these techniques will provide useful instruments for on-line monitoring of moisture content in flowing grain to manage moisture in grain, prevent spoilage in storage and transport, improve processing, and provide information important for yield determinations in precision agriculture applications.
C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
NR 34
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 49
IS 3
BP 470
EP 475
DI 10.1109/19.850378
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 334FA
UT WOS:000088174800001
ER

PT J
AU Wielopolski, L
   Orion, I
   Hendrey, G
   Roger, H
AF Wielopolski, L
   Orion, I
   Hendrey, G
   Roger, H
TI Soil carbon measurements using inelastic neutron scattering
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)
CY OCT 26-28, 1999
CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
AB Soil carbon sequestration is a whole new area of energy related research that provides a fundamentally new approach for dealing with climate change resulting from the substantial increase in CO, concentration in the atmosphere. Carbon sequestration in soil is recognized to play a major role in allowing fossil fuels to remain a vital component of the national energy mix. At present soil carbon is measured by taking core samples and involves extensive laboratory work. We propose a novel nondestructive in situ method for carbon analysis using the Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) (n,n'gamma) reaction.
   The feasibility of detecting carbon in soil was demonstrated using a clinical in vivo body composition facility, located in the Medical Department at BNL. A D-T generator, operated at 55 kV, irradiated 12"x12"x14" aluminum boxes filled with 70 Ib. clean sand and mixtures of sand with 2%, 5% and 10% carbon powder by weight. The spectra were acquired for 1 hr and subsequently the carbon peaks were analyzed using the trapezoidal method for peak extraction.
   The results demonstrate that the proposed method is suitable for carbon analysis in soil, and it should allow sequential sampling of soil carbon within a soil volume of about 0.5 m(3) with an error of about 1% or less. It is expected that, with final optimization, changes of about 1% in the soil carbon content would be observable with sufficient confidence levels.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Med Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA.
RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RI ORION, ITZHAK/F-2034-2012
NR 4
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 47
IS 3
BP 914
EP 917
DI 10.1109/23.856717
PN 2
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 337TT
UT WOS:000088378300037
ER

PT J
AU Trisyono, A
   Goodman, CL
   Grasela, JJ
   McIntosh, AH
   Chippendale, GM
AF Trisyono, A
   Goodman, CL
   Grasela, JJ
   McIntosh, AH
   Chippendale, GM
TI Establishment and characterization of an Ostrinia nubilalis cell line,
   and its response to ecdysone agonists
SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL
LA English
DT Article
DE polymerase chain-reaction; Pyralidae; EC50; 20-hydroxyecdysone;
   methoxyfenozide; tebufenozide; cell replication
ID CORN-BORER; RH-5849; TEBUFENOZIDE; RH-2485; RH-5992
AB A cell line derived from embryonic tissues of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (UMC-OnE), was established in EX-CELL 401 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells grew in suspension, and were mainly spherical in shape. The cell doubling times at the 17th and 79th passages were 56 and 36 h. respectively. DNA amplification fingerprinting showed that the DNA profile of the OnE cell line was different from that of the southwestern corn barer, Diatraea grandiosella (UMC-DgE), and that of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (BCIRL-HZ-AMI). The OnE cell line was responsive to treatments of 20-hydroxyecdysone and the ecdysone agonists, methoxyfenozide (RH-2485) and tebufenozide (RH-5992). These compounds caused similar effects an the cells, which included cell clumping and decreased cell proliferation. The clumps were observed on the third day of incubation, and became larger after 7 d of incubation. After 168 h of incubation, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide were 35 and 11 times more effective, respectively, in inhibiting proliferation of the OnE cells than was 20-hydroxyecdysone.
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA.
RP Chippendale, GM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM chippendaleg@missouri.edu
NR 26
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1071-2690
EI 1543-706X
J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN
JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 6
BP 400
EP 404
DI 10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0400:EACOAO>2.3.CO;2
PG 5
WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology
SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology
GA 345KP
UT WOS:000088815400012
PM 10950000
ER

PT J
AU Cornish, K
   Chapman, MH
   Brichta, JL
   Vinyard, SH
   Nakayama, FS
AF Cornish, K
   Chapman, MH
   Brichta, JL
   Vinyard, SH
   Nakayama, FS
TI Post-harvest stability of latex in different sizes of guayule branches
SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
LA English
DT Article
DE guayule; hypoallergenic latex; Parthenium argentatum; storage
ID HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS LATEX; CROSS-REACTIVITY
AB Commercial development of hypoallergenic latex from Parthenium argentatum (Gray) for the manufacture of latex medical and household goods, is hampered by the lack of information on latex stability in the harvested shrub prior to processing. In this paper, we investigate the effect of post-harvest storage on extractable latex content of guayule branches. We found that harvested guayule branches can be stored at 4 degrees C for at least 2 weeks without compromising latex yield, provided that dehydration does not occur. When stored hydrated at 4 degrees C, latex levels declined between 2 and 5 weeks in all branch sizes with the most latex lost from the smallest branches and the least from the medium ones. The latex levels declined due to a combination of conversion of latex into solid rubber in situ and rubber degradation, depending upon the branch size. Overall rubber degradation from the latex and solid rubber pools in the branches was substantial in the smallest branches, but was not seen in the largest. Latex levels declined more quickly at warmer temperatures, even when the branches were hydrated, and were adversely affected by even slight dehydration. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
   US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA.
RP Cornish, K (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
NR 13
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-6690
J9 IND CROP PROD
JI Ind. Crop. Prod.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 12
IS 1
BP 25
EP 32
DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(99)00042-4
PG 8
WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA 323BK
UT WOS:000087544800004
ER

PT J
AU Morrison, WH
   Archibald, DD
   Sharma, HSS
   Akin, DE
AF Morrison, WH
   Archibald, DD
   Sharma, HSS
   Akin, DE
TI Chemical and physical characterization of water- and dew-retted flax
   fibers
SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
LA English
DT Article
DE flax; retting; mass spectrometry; phenolics; sugars; lignin
ID PYROLYSIS MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIETARY FIBER; POLYSACCHARIDES;
   CHROMATOGRAPHY; CORE; ACID; YARN
AB The composition of dew-retted and water-retted flax fibers were evaluated by chemical and mass spectral analyses to determine their chemical differences. Phenolics, waxes, cutin, and carbohydrates were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Water-retted fibers contained more residual wax and lower arabinose content than the dew-retted and were finer and stronger. Pyrolysis mass spectrometric analysis differentiated water- and dew-retted fibers. Principal component analysis of the chemical data including both strength and fineness measurements produced a grouping of the water-retted samples distinct from the dew-retted fibers. Principal component analysis of the mass spectral data produced the same grouping based mass markers characteristic of the chemical components that were associated with the initial grouping with fineness and strength measurements. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
   Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland.
RP Morrison, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
RI Sharma, Shekhar/D-3366-2013
NR 22
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-6690
J9 IND CROP PROD
JI Ind. Crop. Prod.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 12
IS 1
BP 39
EP 46
DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(99)00044-8
PG 8
WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA 323BK
UT WOS:000087544800006
ER

PT J
AU Holser, RA
   Carriere, CJ
   Abbott, TP
AF Holser, RA
   Carriere, CJ
   Abbott, TP
TI Rheological properties of lesquerella gum fractions recovered by aqueous
   extraction
SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
LA English
DT Article
DE lesquerella; gums; rheology; process analysis
ID SEED
AB Lesquerella fendleri seeds contain a cross-linked carbohydrate gum with viscoelastic properties that may be used for industrial and edible applications. Laboratory studies compared the rheological behavior of gum isolates obtained from whole seed, defatted hull, and defatted meal fractions. Gum yields and rheological properties were determined for gum isolates from each of these fractions. All gum isolates exhibited positive hysteresis, which provided evidence of structure formation in 1% solutions. Values of storage and loss modulus were reported from oscillatory experiments over an angular frequency range of 0.1 to 100 rad/s using a controlled-stress rheometer. Whole seed meal appears to be the most cost-effective fraction from which to recover gums. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 13
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-6690
J9 IND CROP PROD
JI Ind. Crop. Prod.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 12
IS 1
BP 63
EP 69
DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00038-8
PG 7
WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA 323BK
UT WOS:000087544800010
ER

PT J
AU Wheeler, M
   Guerrero-Plata, A
   Rico, G
   Torres-Guerrero, H
AF Wheeler, M
   Guerrero-Plata, A
   Rico, G
   Torres-Guerrero, H
TI Biosynthesis and functions of melanin in Sporothrix schenckii
SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
LA English
DT Article
ID FUNGUS WANGIELLA-DERMATITIDIS; CONIDIAL PIGMENT BIOSYNTHESIS;
   CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; PENTAKETIDE METABOLITES;
   VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTION; PATHOGENIC FUNGI; VIRULENCE;
   IDENTIFICATION
AB Sporothrix schenckii is a human pathogen that causes sporotrichosis, an important cutaneous mycosis with a worldwide distribution. It produces dark-brown conidia, which infect the host, We found that S. schenckii synthesizes melanin via the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene pentaketide pathway. Melanin biosynthesis in the wild type was inhibited by tricyclazole, and colonies of the fungus were reddish brawn instead of black on tricyclazole-amended medium. Two melanin-deficient mutant strains were analyzed in this study: an albino that produced normal-appearing melanin on scytalone-amended medium and a reddish brown mutant that accumulated and extruded melanin metabolites into its medium, Scytalone and flaviolin obtained from cultures of the reddish brown mutant mere identified by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and UV spectra, Transmission electron microscopy showed an electron-dense granular material believed to be melanin in wild-type conidial cell malls, and this was absent in conidial walls of the albino mutant unless the albino was grown on a scytalone-amended medium. Melanized cells of wild-type S. schenckii and the albino grown on scytalone-amended medium mere less susceptible to killing by chemically generated oxygen- and nitrogen-derived radicals and by UV light than were conidia of the mutant strains. Melanized conidia of the wild type and the scytalone-treated albino mere also more resistant to phagocytosis and killing by human monocytes and murine macrophages than were unmelanized conidia of the two mutants. These results demonstrate that melanin protects S. schenckii against certain oxidative antimicrobial compounds and against attack by macrophages.
C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
   IMSS Siglo XXI, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Inmunol, Mexico City 06720, DF, Mexico.
   USDA ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
RP Wheeler, M (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
NR 50
TC 2
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0019-9567
EI 1098-5522
J9 INFECT IMMUN
JI Infect. Immun.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 68
IS 6
BP 3696
EP 3703
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 316LF
UT WOS:000087167900086
ER

PT J
AU Callahan, FE
   Vogt, RG
   Tucker, ML
   Dickens, JC
   Mattoo, AK
AF Callahan, FE
   Vogt, RG
   Tucker, ML
   Dickens, JC
   Mattoo, AK
TI High level expression of "male specific" pheromone binding proteins
   (PBPs) in the antennae of female noctuiid moths
SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE olfaction; pheromone binding protein; female; cDNA; Noctuiidae;
   Lepidoptera
ID SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS LEPIDOPTERA; OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS;
   ANTHERAEA-POLYPHEMUS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; MAMESTRA-BRASSICAE;
   MOLECULAR-CLONING; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR;
   LIGAND-BINDING; DIFFERENT AGES
AB Pheromone Binding Proteins (PBPs) are one branch of a multigene family of lepidopteran Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) that are known for their relatively high levels of expression in male antennae. However, PBP expression has been observed at low levels in female antennae of the Saturniidae, Bombycidae and Lymantriidae, and at relatively high levels in members of the Noctuiidae. The function of female PBP expression is unclear, as female lepidoptera are consistently noted for their failure to respond physiologically or behaviorally to sex-pheromone. In this study, the sexual dimorphism of PBP expression was examined in the noctuiid moths Helicoverpa tea, Heliothis virescens and Spodoptera frugiperda. A PBP cDNA clone was isolated from female H. zea, PBP-Hzea,. Northern blot analysis indicated relatively high levels of PBP-Hzea, expression in both male and female antennae, though females consistently expressed about 50% that of males. Western blot analysis of male and female PBP expression supported these relative differences. Immunocytochemical analysis indicates discrete expression localized beneath olfactory sensilla of both male and female antennae. These results suggest female noctuiids possess the biochemistry to detect at least components of their sex-pheromone. Alternatively, these results may suggest that PBPs have a more general function in noctuiids, possibly reflecting behavioral and life history differences that distinguish this the Noctuiidae from other Lepidopteran families. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
   Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM callahan@ra.msstate.edu
RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011
FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC-00588]
NR 58
TC 37
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0965-1748
EI 1879-0240
J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC
JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 30
IS 6
BP 507
EP 514
DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(00)00027-8
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology
GA 321UE
UT WOS:000087472400009
PM 10802242
ER

PT J
AU Peloquin, JJ
   Thibault, ST
   Staten, R
   Miller, TA
AF Peloquin, JJ
   Thibault, ST
   Staten, R
   Miller, TA
TI Germ-line transformation of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae)
   mediated by the piggyBac transposable element
SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE transformation; Lepidoptera; piggyBac; EGFP
ID NON-DROSOPHILID INSECTS; POSITION-EFFECT VARIEGATION; YELLOW-FEVER
   MOSQUITO; AEDES-AEGYPTI; HERMES ELEMENT; BACULOVIRUS GENOME; PRECISE
   EXCISION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; BOMBYX-MORI
AB The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, is a world-wide pest of cultivated cotton. In certain growing regions populations are suppressed by a sterile release strategy. Efforts to improve the sterile insect technique as well as our understanding of lepidopteran biology could benefit greatly from a germ-line transformation system. We report transformation of pink bollworm with a piggyBac transposable element carrying the enhanced green flourescent protein (EGFP) marker gene. This vector-marker system resulted in recovery of transgenics at a rate of approximately 3.5%. Integration of the transforming construct that was typical of piggyBac was demonstrated by Southern analysis and sequence determination of transposon flanks. Expression of the EGFP marker was visualized by fluorescent microscopy and Western Blot analysis. Maintenance of transformed strains indicates that the transgene segregates in a Mendelian fashion and has been stable over fourteen generations to date.
C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
   Exelixis Pharmaceut Inc, S San Francisco, CA USA.
   USDA, APHIS Pink Bollworm Rearing Facil, Phoenix, AZ USA.
RP Peloquin, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
RI Miller, Thomas/F-7512-2012
NR 42
TC 87
Z9 98
U1 2
U2 7
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0962-1075
J9 INSECT MOL BIOL
JI Insect Mol. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 9
IS 3
BP 323
EP 333
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2000.00194.x
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology
GA 334CM
UT WOS:000088167600013
PM 10886417
ER

PT J
AU Permin, A
   Henningsen, E
   Murrell, KD
   Roepstorff, A
   Nansen, P
AF Permin, A
   Henningsen, E
   Murrell, KD
   Roepstorff, A
   Nansen, P
TI Pigs become infected after ingestion of livers and lungs from chickens
   infected with Ascaris of pig origin
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ascaris suum; visceral larva migrans; raw chicken liver; zoonoses
ID VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS; SUUM
AB An experimental infection with Ascaris of pig origin showed that Ascaris suum larvae can migrate extra-intestinally in chickens. Furthermore, after feeding piglets with Ascaris infected chicken liver and lungs, it was possible to recover larvae from their lungs. These observations suggest that the chicken could serve as a paratenic host for Ascaris. There is also the possibility for zoonotic transmission if raw chicken livers are consumed by humans. (C) 2000 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
   USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Permin, A (reprint author), Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, Ridebanevej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
NR 10
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0020-7519
J9 INT J PARASITOL
JI Int. J. Parasit.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 30
IS 7
BP 867
EP 868
DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00065-5
PG 2
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 340UE
UT WOS:000088552700012
PM 10899534
ER

PT J
AU Stern, NJ
   Hiett, KL
   Cox, NA
   Alfredsson, GA
   Kristinsson, KG
   Line, JE
AF Stern, NJ
   Hiett, KL
   Cox, NA
   Alfredsson, GA
   Kristinsson, KG
   Line, JE
TI Recent developments pertaining to Campylobacter
SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Emerging Issues in Food Safety
CY JUN, 2000
CL UNIV COLL CORK, CORK, IRELAND
SP Univ Coll Cork, Us-Ireland Co-operat Agr Sci & Technol
HO UNIV COLL CORK
DE Campylobacter; epidemiology; poultry
ID JEJUNI; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; COLI; ENTERITIS; CHICKENS; POULTRY
AB Campylobacter is the most frequently reported human enteropathogenic bacterium in developed countries. Guillian-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis are severe sequellae to the acute phase of gastroenteritis. Data will be presented showing that identical clones of Campylobacter isolated prospectively from processed broiler carcasses appeared in subsequent human disease. We conducted epidemiological studies and infrequently, if ever, found the same clone on the farm before those isolates were excreted by the broiler chickens. Using a gene sequencing characterization system, we demonstrated identity of the resulting Campylobacter isolates from breeder flocks and their progeny more than 20 miles apart. Measures to control the pathogen will be discussed.
C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry & Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA.
RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry & Microbiol Safety Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA.
NR 27
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU TEAGASC
PI DUBLIN
PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND
SN 0791-6833
J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES
JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 39
IS 2
BP 183
EP 187
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 334BJ
UT WOS:000088165000004
ER

PT J
AU Steele, DD
   Stegman, EC
   Knighton, RE
AF Steele, DD
   Stegman, EC
   Knighton, RE
TI Irrigation management for corn in the northern Great Plains, USA
SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SCHEDULING METHODS; YIELD
AB Irrigation management influences production costs and affects leaching of nutrients to groundwater. This study was conducted to compare irrigation scheduling techniques on a field-scale site and to determine whether significant irrigation water savings and equivalent yields could be achieved compared with the practices of other commercial growers in the local area. The effects of four irrigation scheduling techniques on seasonal irrigation water requirements and corn grain yields were studied for the 1990-1995 seasons at a field-scale (53.4 ha) site within the Oakes Test Area (OTA) of the Garrison Diversion Unit in southeastern North Dakota, USA. The four scheduling techniques, applied with field quadrants and seasons as dimensions of a modified Latin square statistical design, included irrigating based on tensiometer and infrared canopy temperature measurements, two water balance methods, and irrigating based on CERES-Maize estimates of plant-extractable soil water. No statistically significant differences in seasonal irrigation totals were found between irrigation scheduling methods or irrigation quadrants, while statistically significant differences were found for season. Corn grain yield was significantly affected by seasons, quadrants, and irrigation scheduling methods for both the current and previous seasons. Compared to other commercial growers in the OTA, this study maintained 5% higher yields and saved approximately 30% in irrigation inputs. Careful irrigation scheduling, based on any of the four techniques, offers the potential to reduce input costs for irrigated corn production in the area.
C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.
   USDA, Aerosp Ctr, NRE, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP Steele, DD (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.
NR 21
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 3
U2 12
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0342-7188
J9 IRRIGATION SCI
JI Irrig. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 3
BP 107
EP 114
DI 10.1007/PL00006709
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 335MQ
UT WOS:000088247600001
ER

PT J
AU Wilson, IB
   Roubenoff, R
   Knox, TA
   Spiegelman, D
   Gorbach, SL
AF Wilson, IB
   Roubenoff, R
   Knox, TA
   Spiegelman, D
   Gorbach, SL
TI Relation of lean body mass to health-related quality of life in persons
   with HIV
SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
LA English
DT Article
DE quality of life; health status; body composition; HIV disease
ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS;
   PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; HUMAN
   GROWTH-HORMONE; WEIGHT-LOSS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CLINICAL PREDICTORS;
   NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; MEGESTROL-ACETATE
AB Objective: To determine the nature and strength of the relation between lean body mass and measures of health-related quality-of-living (HRQL) including physical functioning in men and women with HIV.
   Design: Cross-sectional analysis using 619 patients with HIV infection from two cities in the northeastern United States.
   Main Outcome Measures: Lean body mass (LBM) was assessed by bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Physical functioning, general health perceptions, energy/fatigue, and number of days spent in bed in the last month were determined by patient self-report.
   Results: Data from 450 men and 169 women were analyzed. Mean age was 39 years, 37.6% were nonwhite, and mean CD4 counts were 352 cells/ml. in multivariable models, higher LBM was significantly associated with better physical functioning in men but not in women. In men, a 10-kg increment in LBM was associated with a 3.7 point (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-7.2) increment in physical functioning (0-100 scale). In similar analyses, higher LBM was significantly associated with better general health perceptions (10-kg increment in LBM associated with a 4.8 point [95% CI, 1.4-8.1] increment in general health perceptions), and fewer days in bed in the last month (10-kg increment in LBM associated with 0.9 [95% CI, -1.8-0] fewer days in bed). Lean body mass was not independently associated with energy/fatigue.
   Conclusions: In this diverse population of persons with HIV. LBM was significantly related to physical functioning and other measures of HQRL in men, but not in women. In men, the relation was linear but relatively weak. These data have potential implications for assessing the clinical impact of interventions aimed at increasing LBM. Even in men, increases in LBM in the ranges that are currently achievable may produce relatively small improvements in physical functioning and other measures of HRQL.
C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Clin Care Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RP Wilson, IB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Clin Care Res, 345,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
EM IWilson@Lifespan.org
RI Wilson, Ira/F-9190-2016
OI Wilson, Ira/0000-0002-0246-738X
FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK5734-03]
NR 52
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 4
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1525-4135
J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND
JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.
PD JUN 1
PY 2000
VL 24
IS 2
BP 137
EP 146
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 339QU
UT WOS:000088490100007
PM 10935689
ER

PT J
AU Whitaker, BD
   Saftner, RA
AF Whitaker, BD
   Saftner, RA
TI Temperature-dependent autoxidation of conjugated trienols from apple
   peel yields 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, a volatile implicated in induction
   of scald
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE alpha-farnesene; conjugated triene; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one;
   autoxidation; apple fruit; superficial scald
ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; ALPHA-FARNESENE; STORED APPLES;
   OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; DIPHENYLAMINE
AB Conjugated triene (CT) oxidation products of alpha-farnesene have long been thought to be involved in development of superficial scald in apple fruit. Early studies found that CT hydroperoxides and the volatile 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO) are major in vitro autoxidation products of alpha-farnesene. However, it was recently shown that greater than or equal to 99% of the oxidation products of alpha-farnesene that accumulate in apple peel are conjugated trienols (CTols), isomers of 2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,7,9,11-tetraene-6-ol. HPLC-purified CTols from fruit of two scald-susceptible cultivars, Granny Smith (GS) and Red Delicious (RD), were used to study autoxidation of these compounds in vitro. Incubation of CTols in sealed glass vials under air resulted in accumulation of MHO. Oxygen enrichment did not increase the amount of MHO produced. Regardless of which cultivar CTols were derived from, at 0 degrees C autoxidation yielding MHO was quite slow and linear, whereas at 20 degrees C MHO production was much more rapid, and after several hours the rate increased abruptly. However, CTols isolated from GS and RD fruit differed in the duration of the initial lag phase and the overall level of MHO generated at 20 degrees C. The sharp increase in MHO production occurred after 3 h with GS CTols and at about 12 h with RD CTols. Also, the yield of MHO from GS CTols after 6 h at 20 degrees C was nearly 6-fold greater than that from RD CTols after 20 h at 20 degrees C. The antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene and diphenyamine reduced the yield of MHO by about 97%. Recent work has shown that MHO can induce scald-like symptoms in apple peel and that tissue sensitivity increases with time in storage. This may explain the correlation between high CTol levels and scald development, and why symptoms rapidly intensify when fruits are removed from cold storage.
C1 ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 21
TC 29
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 6
BP 2040
EP 2043
DI 10.1021/jf991107c
PG 4
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 327FD
UT WOS:000087782500010
PM 10888495
ER

PT J
AU Friedman, M
   Jurgens, HS
AF Friedman, M
   Jurgens, HS
TI Effect of pH on the stability of plant phenolic compounds
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE caffeic acid; catechin; cinnamic acid; chlorogenic acid;
   epigallocatechin; ferulic acid; gallic acid; rutin; plant phenols; pH
   stability; ultraviolet spectra
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CHLOROGENIC ACID; APPLE CIDER; FRUIT JUICES;
   CHEMISTRY; SURVIVAL; MUTAGENICITY; MICROBIOLOGY; BIOCHEMISTRY;
   ANTIOXIDANT
AB It is not uncommon to treat plant-derived foods and feeds with alkali. Such exposure to high pH is being used to recover proteins from cereals and legumes, to induce the formation of fiber-forming meat analogue vegetable protein, for preparing peeled fruits and vegetables, and for destroying microorganisms. In addition to their profound effects on functional and nutritional properties in such foods, such treatments may also cause other side reactions, including the destruction of natural polyphenolic compounds. Because plants contain a large number of structurally different antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial polyphenolic compounds, it is of interest to know whether such compounds are stable to heat and to high pH. In this model study, the stability of the following natural polyphenols to pH in the range 3-11 was studied with the aid of ultraviolet spectroscopy: caffeic acid, (-)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin, rutin, and the nonphenolic compound trans-cinnamic acid. This study demonstrates that caffeic, chlorogenic, and gallic acids are not stable to high pH and that the pH- and time-dependent spectral transformations are not reversible. By contrast, chlorogenic acid is stable to acid pH, to heat, and to storage when added to apple juice. (-)-Catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, ferulic acid, rutin, and trans-cinnamic acid resisted major pH-induced degradation. The results are rationalized in terms of relative resonance stabilization of phenoxide ions and quinone oxidation intermediates. The possible significance of these findings to food chemistry and microbiology is discussed.
C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517
NR 40
TC 253
Z9 265
U1 15
U2 101
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 6
BP 2101
EP 2110
DI 10.1021/jf990489j
PG 10
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 327FD
UT WOS:000087782500021
PM 10888506
ER

PT J
AU Boue, SM
   Carter, CH
   Ehrlich, KC
   Cleveland, TE
AF Boue, SM
   Carter, CH
   Ehrlich, KC
   Cleveland, TE
TI Induction of the soybean phytoalexins coumestrol and glyceollin by
   Aspergillus
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE phytoalexin; isoflavone; glyceollin; coumestrol; Aspergillus; A. sojae;
   A. oryzae; A. niger; A. flavus; phytoestrogen
ID HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; MEGASPERMA VAR SOJAE; F-SP GLYCINEA;
   PHYTOPHTHORA-MEGASPERMA; ELICITOR ACTIVITY; MYCELIAL WALLS;
   ACCUMULATION; PHYTOESTROGENS; PLANTS; CULTURES
AB Several isoflavonoid phytoalexins produced by soybeans are known to be estrogenic, with potential beneficial health effects in humans. Increased production of phytoalexins by the soybean plant will facilitate research efforts in this area. In this study, phytoalexin induction and accumulation in soybean cotyledon tissue was observed using four species of Aspergillus: A. sojae, A. oryzae, A. niger, and A. flavus. All four Aspergillus species tested elicited phytoalexin accumulation in living soybean cotyledons. Results from a time course study indicated that maximum concentrations of the phytoalexin glyceollin, 955 mu g/g fresh weight (fw), occurred at day 3 in soybean cotyledon tissue inoculated with A. sojae. Other Aspergillus species caused an accumulation of glyceollin at significantly lower levels. A maximum concentration of coumestrol of 27.2 mu g/g fw was obtained from soybean cotyledons inoculated with A. niger. Soybean phytoalexins induced by food-grade A. sojae and A. oryzae allowed the collection of higher concentrations of phytoalexins for further examination in several in vitro and in vivo biological studies conducted to determine potential estrogenic activities.
C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
RP Boue, SM (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA.
NR 44
TC 56
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 6
BP 2167
EP 2172
DI 10.1021/jf9912809
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 327FD
UT WOS:000087782500031
PM 10888516
ER

PT J
AU Ju, ZG
   Curry, EA
AF Ju, ZG
   Curry, EA
TI Stripped corn oil controls scald and maintains volatile production
   potential in Golden Supreme and Delicious apples
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE corn oil; ethylene; alpha-farnesene; volatile esters; ethanol; Malus
   sylvestris var. domestica
ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; ALPHA-FARNESENE;
   HARVEST DATE; FRUIT; ETHYLENE; QUALITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; INJURY
AB Effects of stripped (alpha-tocopherol < 5 mg L-1) corn oil on flesh firmness, skin color, acidity, soluble solids content (SSC), scald, and fruit volatiles during 6 months at 0 degrees C were studied using Golden Supreme and Delicious apples. Treatment with 10% oil emulsion reduced production of ethylene, alpha-farnesene, and major volatile esters in the first 3 months of storage, but this trend reversed after 5 months. After 6 months at 0 degrees C plus 7 days at 20 degrees C, oil-treated fruit were firmer and greener and had higher levels of titratable acidity than the controls. In addition, control fruit developed 27% and 42% scald in Golden Supreme and Delicious apples, respectively, whereas oil-treated fruit were free from scald. Soluble solids content and ethanol production were unaffected by oil treatment.
C1 ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA.
RP Ju, ZG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA.
OI Curry, Eric/0000-0003-2958-9376
NR 29
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
EI 1520-5118
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 6
BP 2173
EP 2177
DI 10.1021/jf991278h
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 327FD
UT WOS:000087782500032
PM 10888517
ER

PT J
AU Mauldin, RE
   Furcolow, CA
   Johnston, JJ
   Kimball, BA
AF Mauldin, RE
   Furcolow, CA
   Johnston, JJ
   Kimball, BA
TI Determination of whole-body rotenone residues in the brown tree snake
   (Boiga irregularis)
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE rotenone; brown tree snake; Boiga irregularis; high-performance liquid
   chromatography; solid-phase extraction
AB The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) is an introduced pest in Guam, responsible for extensive agricultural damage, the extinction of several bird species, and severe and frequent electrical power outages. Rotenone, a naturally occurring pesticide, has been investigated as a possible chemical control agent. An analytical method was developed to assess whole body rotenone residues ranging in concentration from 0.035 to 250 mu g g(-1) in snakes. The method employed ethyl acetate extraction of 2 g samples of cryogenically frozen, pulverized snakes, followed by silica and Florisil solid-phase extraction cleanup. Extract analysis was performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography system employing a cyanopropyl analytical column. Tissues fortified to concentrations of 0.035, 4.82, and 250 mu g g(-1) yielded analyte recoveries of 85.1, 85.6, and 83.5%, respectively. The linear response of rotenone standard solutions was assessed from 0.025 to 0.25 mu g mL(-1) (r(2) = 0.9968) and from 0.250 to 125 mu g mL(-1) (r(2) = 0.9999). The method was simple, rugged, and reliable.
C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
RP Mauldin, RE (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 6
BP 2240
EP 2243
DI 10.1021/jf980753t
PG 4
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 327FD
UT WOS:000087782500044
PM 10888529
ER

PT J
AU Moats, WA
AF Moats, WA
TI Determination of tetracycline antibiotics in beef and pork tissues using
   ion-paired liquid chromatography
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE tetracycline; oxytetracycline; chlortetracycline; beef; pork; tissues;
   determination; liquid chromatography
ID OXYTETRACYCLINE; CHLORTETRACYCLINE
AB A simplified procedure was developed for determination of tetracycline antibiotics in tissues which improved stability of these compounds in sample extracts and eliminated the need for troublesome cleanup procedures. Tissues were homogenized in water. Acetonitrile (16 mL) and then 1 mL of 0.1 M H3PO4 were added to 4 mL of homogenate and the clear supernatant was filtered. The filtrate was mixed with hexane and dichloromethane and the resulting water layer was collected, evaporated to 1-2 mL, and filtered into autosampler vials. Ion-pairing liquid chromatography was used to separate tetracyclines from interferences in sample extracts, eliminating the need for further cleanup. Analysis was isocratic using a Phenomonex Prodigy ODS(3) column with a mobile phase of 4 mM oxalic acid, 4 mM sodium oxalate, 10 mM sodium decanesulfonate-acetonitrile (70 + 30 for oxytetracycline and tetracycline; 66 + 34 for chlortetracycline). Recoveries were generally in the 90-100% range with limits of quantitatation of 0.05-0.1 ppm. The procedure was evaluated with beef and pork muscle, liver, and kidney.
C1 ARS, USDA, LPSI, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Moats, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, LPSI, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 8
TC 28
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 6
BP 2244
EP 2248
DI 10.1021/jf990649r
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 327FD
UT WOS:000087782500045
PM 10888530
ER

PT J
AU Shaw, PE
   Moshonas, MG
   Hearn, CJ
   Goodner, KL
AF Shaw, PE
   Moshonas, MG
   Hearn, CJ
   Goodner, KL
TI Volatile constituents in fresh and processed juices from grapefruit and
   new grapefruit hybrids
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE headspace gas chromatography; principal component analysis; discriminant
   analysis
AB Forty-five volatile constituents of juices from grapefruit and grapefruit hybrids were quantified by headspace gas chromatography. The three types of grapefruit juice analyzed include pasteurized juice not from concentrate, reconstituted single strength juice from concentrate, and fresh, unpasteurized juice. Principal component and discriminant analyses were carried out using 48 grapefruit juice samples, and the samples were classified into the,three types of juice based on degree of processing. Discriminant analysis was superior to principal component analysis for this purpose. Juices from two recently developed grapefruit hybrids were classified similarly to unpasteurized grapefruit juices from commercial cultivars.
C1 USDA ARS, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA.
   USDA ARS, SAA, Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL USA.
RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, POB 1909, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA.
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 48
IS 6
BP 2425
EP 2429
DI 10.1021/jf0001076
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 327FD
UT WOS:000087782500077
PM 10888562
ER

PT J
AU Lee, JW
   Choi, SB
   Jung, YH
   Keown, JF
   Van Vleck, LD
AF Lee, JW
   Choi, SB
   Jung, YH
   Keown, JF
   Van Vleck, LD
TI Parameter estimates for direct and maternal genetic effects on yearling,
   eighteen-month, and slaughter weights of Korean native cattle
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE beef cattle; genetic parameters; growth
ID ESTIMATING VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD;
   BEEF-CATTLE; WEANING WEIGHT; GROWTH TRAITS; MODELS
AB Data collected by the National Livestock Research Institute of the Rural Development Administration of Korea were used to estimate genetic parameters for yearling (YWT, n = 5,848), 18-mo (W18, n = 4,585), and slaughter (SWT, n = 2,279) weights for Korean Native cattle. Nine animal models were used to obtain REML estimates of genetic parameters: DP-2 included genetic, uncorrelated dam, and residual random effects; DQ-2 included genetic, sire x region x year-season interaction, and residual random effects; DPQ-2 was based on DQ-2 but included both interaction and dam effects; DMP-8 was based on DP-2 but with dam effect partitioned to include maternal genetic and permament environmental effects; and DMPQ-2 was based on DMP-2 but also included sire interaction effects. Those five models included two fixed factors: region x year-season and age of dam x sex effects. Models DP-3, DQ-3, DPQ-3, and DMPQ-3 were based on DP-2, DQ-2, DPQ-2, and DMPQ-2 but included as a third fixed factor whether or not identification of the sire was known. Estimates of heritability with DMPQ-3 for YWT, with DPQ-3 for W18 and SWT when analyzed with single-trait analyses were .14, .11, and .17, respectively, and were nearly the same with bivariate analyses. Estimate of maternal heritability for YWT from single-trait analysis was .04, with estimates for other traits near zero. For bivariate analyses, the estimate for YWT was .01. With single trait analysis, estimate of the direct-maternal genetic correlation for YWT was negative (-.81). Estimates of direct genetic correlations between YWT and W18, YWT and SWT, and W18 and SWT were .99, 1.00, and .97, respectively. Estimates of environmental correlations varied from .60 to .81; the largest was between W18 and SWT. Including a fixed factor for whether sire identification was missing or not missing reduced the estimate of heritability for slaughter weight. The results suggest that the sire x region x year-season interaction is important for yearling weight and may be needed in a model for slaughter weight. Maternal effects may be of slight importance for yearling weight but of no importance for W18 and SWT. Models for national cattle evaluations for Korean Native cattle for YWT should be considered that include maternal genetic and permanent environmental as well as sire x region x year-season interaction effects, but those effects seem not to be needed for models for W18 and SWT. Not much reranking of sires occurred when ranked was based on the different models for W18 and SWT.
C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
   RDA, Natl Livestock Res Inst, Livestock Improvement Dept, Cheonan 330800, South Korea.
   ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
RP Keown, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
NR 17
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1414
EP 1421
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZZ
UT WOS:000088218200002
PM 10875621
ER

PT J
AU Freking, BA
   Leymaster, KA
   Young, LD
AF Freking, BA
   Leymaster, KA
   Young, LD
TI Evaluation of Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale breeds of
   sheep: I. Effects of ram breed on productivity of ewes of two crossbred
   populations
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ewe productivity; ram breeds; reproductive traits; sheep
ID COMPOSITE; PERFORMANCE; TRAITS
AB Effects of Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale breeds for performance as sires were estimated in the initial phase of a comprehensive evaluation of these breeds as contributors to sheep crossbreeding systems. Objectives were to evaluate the effects of ram breed, ewe breed, season of mating, and two-way interactions. Rams from the five breeds were single-sire-mated with ewes from two breed types to produce lambs over a 3-yr period. Ewes were assigned to one of three distinct 35-d mating seasons initiated each year in August, October, and December. A different sample of six rams per breed was used each year across all three seasons, and each ram was penned with ewes of both breeds. Traits evaluated and number of ewe records were conception rate and litter weaning weight per ewe exposed (n = 3,261) and number born, litter birth weight, average birth weight, number weaned, and litter weaning weight per ewe lambing (n = 2,751). Ram breed and ewe breed interacted (P < .01) for conception rate and litter weaning weight per ewe exposed, implicating mating preferences, particularly of Romanov rams. In mixed groups of ewes exposed to Romanov rams, conception rate was 12.7% lower and litter weight weaned was 8.4 kg lower in the ewe breed presumably less preferred far mating by the rams. On a per ewe exposed basis, Romanov-sired litters produced either the largest or the smallest values for litter weaning weight, depending on the breed of ewe. Effects of ram breed on number born and litter birth weight interacted (P < .05) with season of mating. The largest litters within each ram breed were associated with the October mating season. Montadale and Romanov rams sired larger and heavier litters from August matings than from December matings, whereas the opposite was true for Dorset-sired litters. Texel- and Finnsheep-sired litters were similar in size and weight from August and December matings. Breed of ram differences affected per ewe lambing productivity measurements (P < .01). Differences between ram breeds for ewe productivity were noted, with increased number born and improved survival of crossbred progeny to weaning for Romanov-sired litters. These results may have implications for using these ram breeds as sires in different crossbreeding systems. Structured mating systems or the creation of new composite populations involving these breeds could be used to match the resources, environment, and market of specific production situations.
C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
RP Freking, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008
NR 17
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1422
EP 1429
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZZ
UT WOS:000088218200003
PM 10875622
ER

PT J
AU Cassady, JP
   Johnson, RK
   Ford, JJ
AF Cassady, JP
   Johnson, RK
   Ford, JJ
TI Comparison of plasma FSH concentration in boars and gilts from lines
   selected for ovulation rate and embryonal survival, and litter size and
   estimation of (co)variance components for FSH and ovulation rate
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE FSH; ovulation rate; pigs; selection
ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; TESTICULAR SIZE; SWINE; PROLACTIN;
   CHINESE; MEISHAN; PUBERTY; AGE; LH
AB The objective of this research was to determine whether plasma concentration of FSH was genetically correlated with ovulation rate and thus was a useful trait for indirect selection. Blood samples were collected from 619 animals from five lines of pigs. Line I was selected for increased index of ovulation rate and embryonal survival, and Line C was its randomly selected control. Pigs sampled from Lines I and C were from generations 12 and 13. Pigs from three additional lines that mere derived from eighth-generation pigs of Lines I and C also were used. These lines were Line C2, a randomly selected control derived from Line C, Line COL, derived from Line C, and Line IOL, derived from Line I; each of these Lines was selected an additional five generations for increased ovulation rate and increased litter size. A single blood sample was collected from each pig between 46 to 63 (d 58), 86 to 98 (d 90), 110 to 133 (d 124), and 147 to 153 (d 150) d of age. The heritability of ovulation rate was .28 and heritabilities of plasma concentration of FSK at d 58, 90, 124, and 150 were .41, .25, .12, and 0, respectively. Genetic correlations between ovulation rate and d-58, d-90, and d-124 plasma concentration of FSH were .31, .23, and 0, respectively. Line I gilts had greater estimated breeding values for plasma concentration of FSH at d 58 and 90 than Line C gilts (P < .01). Line COL gilts had greater estimated breeding values for plasma concentration of FSH at d 58 than Line C2 gilts (P < .01). Line I boars had greater estimated breeding values for plasma concentration of FSH at d 90 than Line C boars (P < .05). Even though genetic correlations were low, selection for increased plasma concentration of FSH was estimated to be 93% as effective in changing ovulation rate as direct selection because selection for FSH can be practiced in bath sexes. Thus, selection for increased plasma concentration of FSH seems to be a practical method for increasing ovulation rate in pig breeding programs without using laparoscopy.
C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68533 USA.
   USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
RP Johnson, RK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68533 USA.
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1430
EP 1435
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZZ
UT WOS:000088218200004
PM 10875623
ER

PT J
AU Ramsay, TG
   White, ME
AF Ramsay, TG
   White, ME
TI Insulin regulation of leptin expression in streptozotocin diabetic pigs
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE adipose tissue; gene expression; insulin; leptin; pigs
ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; OBESE GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OB
   GENE; PORCINE PREADIPOCYTES; PRIMARY CULTURES; SERUM LEPTIN;
   DIFFERENTIATION; CELLS; ADIPOCYTES
AB The relationship between leptin mRNA and insulin status was explored using streptozotocin diabetic pigs. Twelve male Yorkshire x Landrace crossbred swine (similar to 40 kg BW) were divided into three groups. Two groups were rendered diabetic with the use of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg BW). Diabetes was confirmed 24 h after streptozotocin treatment by the presence of hyperglycemia. One group of diabetic animals received daily injections of insulin (.5 U/(kg.d)(-1)) for 7d, whereas the other group of diabetic animals received saline injections. The nondiabetic group also received saline injections (controls). Tissue and blood were collected after 7 d of treatment. Leptin mRNA concentrations in dorsal s.c. adipose tissue were measured by Northern analysis and standardized against 28S rRNA expression. Diabetes reduced leptin mRNA concentration by 67% in s.c. adipose tissue (P < .05). Serum insulin concentrations in the diabetic animals were reduced by 69% (P < .05). Insulin treatment of diabetic animals resulted in an increase in leptin mRNA concentration to levels in controls. Primary cell culture of porcine adipose tissue was used to assess whether these actions were the direct or indirect action of insulin. Acute exposure (1 to 24 h) of primary cultures of porcine adipocytes to insulin did not result in a change in leptin expression. However, chronic (7-d) exposure to insulin elevated leptin mRNA levels by 73%. These data suggest that insulin mediates changes in porcine leptin mRNA levels in vivo or in vitro, most likely by an indirect action.
C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, BARC E,Bldg 200,Rm 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 37
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1497
EP 1503
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZZ
UT WOS:000088218200012
PM 10875631
ER

PT J
AU Wise, T
   Zanella, EL
   Lunstra, DD
   Ford, JJ
AF Wise, T
   Zanella, EL
   Lunstra, DD
   Ford, JJ
TI Relationships of gonadotropins, testosterone, and cortisol in response
   to GnRH and GnRH antagonist in boars selected for high and low
   follicle-stimulating hormone levels
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE GnRH; hydrocortisone; testes; testosterone
ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; OVULATING MEISHAN SOWS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE;
   LEYDIG-CELLS; 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; GLUCOCORTICOID
   RECEPTOR; CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; TESTICULAR SIZE; CHINESE MEISHAN;
   PITUITARY
AB Considerable variation exists in the serum levels of gonadotropins in boars; this results in differential testicular function. Boars (Chinese Meishan, European White composite, and crosses of the two breeds) selected for high and low circulating FSH concentrations were used to define possible differences in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH and CnRH antagonist and gonadal and adrenal responses. After a 2-h pretreatment sampling period, boars were injected with GnRH or GnRH antagonist and repetitively sampled via jugular cannula for changes in serum concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone, and cortisol. In response to varying doses of GnRH or GnRH antagonist, FSH, LH, or testosterone changes were not different in high-or low-FSH boars. Declines in LH after GnRH stimulation were consistently faster in boars selected for high FSH. Chinese Meishan boars had considerably higher cortisol concentrations than White composite boars (132.2 +/- 28.5 vs 67.4 +/- 26.8 ng/mL, respectively; P < .01). When select high- and low-gonadotropin Meishan:White composite crossbreds were sampled, cortisol levels were elevated but comparable between the two groups (126.5 +/- 13.7 vs 131.4 +/- 13.4 ng/mL, respectively). After GnRH antagonist lowered LH concentrations, administration of hCG resulted in increased testosterone and cortisol concentrations. Although testosterone concentrations remained high for 30 h, cortisol concentrations returned to normal levels within 10 h after hCG injection. The mechanism by which boars selected for high gonadotropins achieve increased levels of LH and FSH may not be due to differences in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH but to differences in clearance from the circulation.
C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
   Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
RP Wise, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1577
EP 1590
PG 14
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZZ
UT WOS:000088218200023
PM 10875642
ER

PT J
AU Zanella, EL
   Lunstra, DD
   Wise, TH
   Kinder, JE
   Ford, JJ
AF Zanella, EL
   Lunstra, DD
   Wise, TH
   Kinder, JE
   Ford, JJ
TI GnRH antagonist inhibition of gonadotropin and steroid secretion in
   boars in vivo and steroid production in vitro
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE pituitary; porcine; testes; testosterone
ID HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONES;
   LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; POTENT ANTAGONIST; GONADAL-FUNCTION; WHITE
   COMPOSITE; ACTIVIN-B; MALE-RATS; PITUITARY; RECEPTORS
AB The hormone GnRH has a stimulatory effect on gonadotropin synthesis and secretion. The objective of the first study was to evaluate concentrations of FSH and LH in plasma of boars after successive treatment with SB75, a GnRH antagonist. Thirteen boars greater than 1 yr of age (eight White Composite [WC] and five Meishan [MS]) were injected once daily with SB75 (10 mu g/kg of body weight) for 4 d. Plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone (T) decreased after 1 h from the first dose of SB75. After 12 h of treatment, LH gradually returned to pretreatment concentrations, but T remained suppressed (< 2 ng/mL) until after the last injection of SB75. There was a modest, but significant, reduction in FSH during treatment with SB75. The prolonged inhibitory effect of SB75 on suppression of plasma T concentrations, in the presence of pretreatment concentrations of LH, implied direct effects of SB75 at the testis. In the second experiment, testicular tissue from adult boars was incubated in the presence of three doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 0, .5, and 5 IU) with SB75 (250 ng/mL) or with Deslorelin, a GnRH agonist (500 ng/mL). Samples of media were collected every hour for 3 h, and concentrations of T and estrone (El) were determined by RIA. Concentrations of T and El increased with time in response to treatment with hCG. Co-treatment with SB75 decreased media concentrations of T (P < .01) and E1 (P < .03) compared to controls (77.9 vs 85.7 +/- 2.0 and 4.7 vs 5.3 +/- .2 ng/g). In contrast, treatment with Deslorelin had no effect on the amount of T (P > .50) or El (P > .26) released with all dosages of hCG. These results indicate that a GnRH antagonist has a direct effect on the testis, decreasing amounts of T and E1 released from the Leydig cells; however, treatment with a GnRH agonist had no direct effect on release of these gonadal steroids. Thus, it remains unresolved whether the site of action of GnRH antagonist on testicular steroidogenesis is through a testicular GnRH receptor or through some other mechanism.
C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
   Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
RP Ford, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
NR 45
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1591
EP 1597
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZZ
UT WOS:000088218200024
PM 10875643
ER

PT J
AU Estell, RE
   Fredrickson, EL
   Anderson, DM
   Havstad, KM
   Remmenga, MD
AF Estell, RE
   Fredrickson, EL
   Anderson, DM
   Havstad, KM
   Remmenga, MD
TI Effect of individual terpenes on consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE food preferences; intake; sheep; terpenoids
ID CONDITIONED FLAVOR AVERSION; LIVESTOCK HERBIVORY; COMMON RINGTAIL; DIET
   SELECTION; FOOD-INTAKE; EUCALYPTUS; PREFERENCE; TARBUSH; RUMINANTS;
   CHEMISTRY
AB We examined effects of individual terpenes on alfalfa pellet intake of lambs in five experiments. Forty-five lambs (nine lambs/treatment) were individually fed alfalfa pellets sprayed with either p-cymene, alpha-humulene, 1,8-cineole, 3-carene, or sabinene at one of five concentrations (one terpene per experiment). Treatments (0, .5, 1, 2, and 10x) were multiples of the concentration (x) of a specific terpene in tarbush that was related to differential herbivory by livestock in previous studies. Terpenes were applied to alfalfa pellets (.64 kg.lamb(-1).d(-1), DM basis), and consumption was measured during a 20-min interval for 5 d. Lambs were adapted to handling and pen feeding for 10 d and were maintained and fed alfalfa pellets in one group (except during 20-min tests) at a mean total daily intake of 4.7% of BW (DM basis). None of the five compounds decreased alfalfa pellet consumption during the 20-min interval. These five mono- and sesquiterpenes do not seem to be responsible for differential herbivory of individual tarbush plants by livestock.
C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
   New Mexico State Univ, Ctr Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM restell@nmsu.edu
NR 27
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 3
U2 5
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1636
EP 1640
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZZ
UT WOS:000088218200028
PM 10875647
ER

PT J
AU Krehbiel, CR
   Kreikemeier, KK
   Ferrell, CL
AF Krehbiel, CR
   Kreikemeier, KK
   Ferrell, CL
TI Influence of Bos indicus crossbreeding and cattle age on apparent
   utilization of a high-grain diet
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bos indicus; calves; feedlot; yearlings
ID FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; ANGUS STEERS; CARCASS; GROWTH;
   PALATABILITY; MASTICATION; EFFICIENCY; DIGESTION; BRAHMAN
AB Ten Bos indicus x MARC III (initial BW = 303 +/- 25 kg) and 10 MARC III (initial BW = 322 +/- 16 kg) steers were used in a 2 x 2 factorial design to determine whether cattle age or Bos indicus crossbreeding influence site of digestion of a high-grain diet. Initially, five Bos indicus x MARC III and five MARC III steers were fitted with duodenal cannulas and adapted to a 95% concentrate diet that was offered for ad libitum consumption for a 237-d feeding period (calves). During the feeding period, duodenal and fecal samples were collected during 4-d periods beginning on d 14, 67, 137, and 228. The remaining 10 steers were fed a forage-based diet for a targeted daily gain of .6 to .7 kg for 210 d (yearlings). Following this period, yearling steers were duodenally cannulated and adapted to the 95% concentrate diet. Yearling steers had ad libitum access to feed for 165 d, and samples were collected during 4 d periods beginning on d 13, 42, 102, and 159. Dry matter intake was 9.8 and 7.6 kg/d and daily gain was 1.35 and 1.16 kg in yearlings and calves, respectively. Apparent OM digestion in the stomach was greater (P < .01) in yearlings than in calves. In contrast, postruminal disappearance as a percentage of OM intake was greater (P = .05) in calves than in yearlings. Duodenal flows of total N, microbial N, nonmicrobial N, and total amino acids and total tract N digestibility were not affected (P > .05) by age or Bos indicus crossbreeding. Fecal N excretion was greater (P < .01) in yearlings than in calves. Results of this experiment suggest little effect of Bos indicus influence on utilization of a high-grain diet. However, more feed is digested in the rumen of yearlings than of calves consuming a high-grain diet.
C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
RP Krehbiel, CR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
NR 35
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1641
EP 1647
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZZ
UT WOS:000088218200029
PM 10875648
ER

PT J
AU Tedeschi, LO
   Fox, DG
   Russell, JB
AF Tedeschi, LO
   Fox, DG
   Russell, JB
TI Accounting for the effects of a ruminal nitrogen deficiency within the
   structure of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CNCPS; microbial growth; modeling; ruminal nitrogen deficiency
ID FINISHING STEER PERFORMANCE; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; AMMONIA
   CONCENTRATION; NUTRIENT DIGESTION; CATTLE DIETS; REQUIREMENTS; BACTERIA;
   UREA; VALIDATION; ENERGETICS
AB The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) prediction of fiber digestion and microbial mass production from ruminally degraded carbohydrate has been adjusted to accommodate a ruminal N deficiency. The steps for the adjustment are as follows: 1) the ruminal available peptide and ammonia pools are used to determine the N allowable microbial growth; 2) this value is subtracted from the energy allowable microbial growth to obtain the reduction in microbial mass; 3) this mass reduction is allocated between pools of bacteria digesting fiber (FC) and nonfiber (NFC) carbohydrate according to their original proportions in the energy allowable microbial growth; 4) the reduction in fermented FC is computed as the FC bacterial mass reduction divided by its yield (g bacteria/g FC digested); and 5) this reduction is added to the FC fraction escaping the rumen. Five published studies included information that allowed us to evaluate the response of animals to added dietary N, These evaluations compared observed and CNCPS-predicted ADG with and without this adjustment. The adjustment decreased the CNCPS overprediction of ADG from 19.2 to 4.7%, mean bias declined from .16 to .04 kg/d, and the r(2) of the regression between observed and metabolizable energy (ME) or metabolizable protein allowable ADC was increased from .83 to .88 with the adjustment. When the observed dry matter intake was regressed against CNCPS-predicted DMI with an adjustment for reduction in cell wall digestibility, the r(2) was increased from .71 to .88. These results indicated the adjustment for ruminal nitrogen deficiency increased the accuracy of the CNCPS model in evaluating diets of growing animals when ruminally degraded N is deficient.
C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Fox, DG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM dgf4@cornell.edu
RI Tedeschi, Luis/C-4395-2016
OI Tedeschi, Luis/0000-0003-1883-4911
NR 46
TC 52
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1648
EP 1658
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 334ZZ
UT WOS:000088218200030
PM 10875649
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, GL
   Daly, C
   Taylor, GH
   Hanson, CL
AF Johnson, GL
   Daly, C
   Taylor, GH
   Hanson, CL
TI Spatial variability and interpolation of stochastic weather simulation
   model parameters
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DAILY PRECIPITATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL
AB The spatial variability of 58 precipitation and temperature parameters from the "generation of weather elements for multiple applications" (GEM) weather generator has been investigated over a region of significant complexity in topography and climate. GEM parameters were derived for 80 climate stations in southern Idaho and southeastern Oregon. A technique was developed and used to determine the GEM parameters from high-elevation snowpack telemetry stations that report precipitation in nonstandard 2.5-mm (versus 0.25 mm) increments. Important dependencies were noted between most of these parameters and elevation (both domainwide and local), location, and other factors. The "parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes model" (PRISM) spatial modeling system was used to develop approximate 4-km gridded data fields of each of these parameters. A feature was developed in PRISM that models temperatures above and below mean inversions differently. Examples of the spatial fields derived from this study and a discussion of the applications of these spatial parameter fields are included.
C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97204 USA.
   Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA.
RP Johnson, GL (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, 101 Main St,Suite 1600, Portland, OR 97204 USA.
EM gjohnson@wcc.nrcs.usda.gov
NR 26
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 39
IS 6
BP 778
EP 796
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0778:SVAIOS>2.0.CO;2
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 324YT
UT WOS:000087650100003
ER

PT J
AU Grant, RH
   Heisler, GM
AF Grant, RH
   Heisler, GM
TI Estimation of ultraviolet-B irradiance under variable cloud conditions
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY-ACTIVE RADIATION; SKY RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE
   UV IRRADIANCE; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; MIDDLE ULTRAVIOLET; SOLAR-RADIATION;
   EARTHS SURFACE; SKIES; MODEL; DIFFUSE
AB Methods to estimate the irradiance of ultraviolet-B (UVB; 280-320 nm) radiation are needed to assess biological effects of changes in atmospheric composition. Measurements of the spatial distribution of sky cloud cover, temporal variability of photon flux density of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400-700 nm), and UVB irradiance (I-UVB) were made on 23 days during the summer of 1993 in a rural area (West Lafayette, Indiana). Prediction equations for the measured UVB irradiance under partly cloudy skies were developed based on the photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD), cloud cover fraction, probability of cloud obstruction of the sun, and a semiempirical combination of cloud probability and cloud cover. The I-UVB was linearly related to the PPFD, with the variability in PPFD accounting for 77% of the I-UVB variability. Normalized PPFD (PAR F) and I-UVB (UVB F) values, calculated by dividing the observed value by the expected cloud-free sky PPFD and I-UVB, were also linearly related. Linear models based on either the spatial cloud fraction or the probability of clouds blocking the sun accounted for less than 30% of the UVB F variability. A two-component semiempirical model was developed to predict UVB F based on cloud-cover fraction, probability of sun obscuration by clouds, the predicted cloud-free sky diffuse fraction, and solar zenith angle. This model accounted for 60% of the variability in UVB F. Results indicate the best estimation of I-UVB under the partly cloudy sky conditions is made using PPFD measurements and referencing the measured PPFD to cloud-free sky PPFD at the same sun angle. Alternative approaches, such as the developed two-component model, should be used only if on-site PPFD measurements are unavailable.
C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Syracuse, NY USA.
RP Grant, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 1150 Lily Hall Life Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
NR 38
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 39
IS 6
BP 904
EP 916
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0904:EOUBIU>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 324YT
UT WOS:000087650100012
ER

PT J
AU Lyon, CE
   Lyon, BG
AF Lyon, CE
   Lyon, BG
TI Sensory differences in broiler breast meat due to electrical
   stimulation, deboning time, and marination
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE breast meat; debone time; electrical stimulation; marination; panel
ID SHEAR VALUES; WARNER-BRATZLER; TENDERNESS; POLYPHOSPHATES; DEVICES;
   TESTS; COLOR
AB Quality control personnel routinely use mechanical devices such as the Warner-Bratzler shear to determine acceptable tenderness ranges for cooked breast meat. These devices are accurate and reliable, but the information generated is only part of overall quality. Mechanical results must be supplemented by sensory perception to yield a more comprehensive assessment. Sensory perception of tenderness is more complicated than mechanical measurements because humans measure more than just the force needed to cut or shear meat. Other attributes, including flavor and moisture characteristics, are also critical to consumer acceptance or rejection of poultry meat products. These attributes are made up of various components that can be noted and rated during chewing. The importance of these sensory attributes to poultry meat quality is illustrated in this study.
   Commercially processed broilers were subjected to eight treatment combinations: electrical stimulation during bleeding (yes/no), post-chill deboning time (2 or 6 hr), and margination at time of deboning (yes/no). Eight trained panelists detected differences in textural properties due to stimulation and deboning time. All 16 sensory attributes evaluated by the panel were affected by margination.
C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
RP Lyon, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC
PI ATHENS
PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA
SN 1056-6171
J9 J APPL POULTRY RES
JI J. Appl. Poult. Res.
PD SUM
PY 2000
VL 9
IS 2
BP 234
EP 241
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 351TW
UT WOS:000089175100013
ER

PT J
AU Berrang, ME
   Cox, NA
   Frank, JF
   Buhr, RJ
   Bailey, JS
AF Berrang, ME
   Cox, NA
   Frank, JF
   Buhr, RJ
   Bailey, JS
TI Hatching egg sanitization for prevention or reduction of human
   enteropathogens: A review
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE disinfectant; hatchery; hatching eggs; Salmonella; sanitizer
ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SHELL EGGS; PASTEURIZATION;
   CONTAMINATION; HATCHERIES; HATCHABILITY; POPULATIONS; RECOVERY; MACHINE
AB Hatching egg sanitization has been a somewhat controversial issue for more than 50 yr. Many in the hatching egg industry oppose wetting of fertile eggs. Nevertheless, research has been published on the problem of lowering bacterial contamination of hatching eggs without adversely affecting hatchability. As on-farm and hatchery Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point programs become a reality, more and more companies will become interested in how to best prevent human enteropathogen colonization in chicks. It is possible to effectively lower bacterial contamination on the eggs and in the hatching cabinet and thus reduce the level of human enteropathogens being placed in grow houses with the chicks. Information gleaned from both early and recent egg-sanitizing efforts can be useful in designing the best overall egg and hatchery sanitization program.
C1 USDA ARS, PPMQRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
   USDA ARS, PSMRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, PPMQRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
NR 42
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC
PI ATHENS
PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA
SN 1056-6171
J9 J APPL POULTRY RES
JI J. Appl. Poult. Res.
PD SUM
PY 2000
VL 9
IS 2
BP 279
EP 284
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 351TW
UT WOS:000089175100018
ER

PT J
AU Robertson, GT
   Reisenauer, A
   Wright, R
   Jensen, RB
   Jensen, A
   Shapiro, L
   Roop, RM
AF Robertson, GT
   Reisenauer, A
   Wright, R
   Jensen, RB
   Jensen, A
   Shapiro, L
   Roop, RM
TI The Brucella abortus CcrM DNA methyltransferase is essential for
   viability, and its overexpression attenuates intracellular replication
   in murine macrophages
SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CELL-CYCLE CONTROL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; CAULOBACTER;
   METHYLATION; PROTEIN; PROTEOBACTERIA; VIRULENCE; SUBDIVISION; REGULATOR
AB The CcrM DNA methyltransferase of the alpha-proteobacteria catalyzes the methylation of the adenine in the sequence GAnTC. Like Dam in the enterobacteria, CcrM plays a regulatory role in Caulobacter crescentus and Rhizobium meliloti. CcrM is essential for viability in both of these organisms, and we show here that it is also essential in Brucella abortus. Further, increased copy number of the ccrM gene results in striking changes in B. abortus morphology, DNA replication, and growth in murine macrophages, We generated strains that carry ccrM either on a low-copy-number plasmid (strain GR131) or on a moderate-copy-number plasmid (strain GR132). Strain GR131 has wild-type morphology and chromosome number, as assessed by flow cytometry. in contrast, strain GR132 has abnormal branched morphology, suggesting aberrant cell division? and increased chromosome number,. Although these strains exhibit different morphologies and DNA content, the replication of both strains in macrophages is attenuated. These data imply that the reduction in survival in host cells is not due solely to a cell division defect but is due to additional functions of CcrM. Because CcrM is essential in B. abortus and increased ccrM copy number attenuates survival in host cells! we propose that CcrM is an appropriate target for new antibiotics.
C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA.
   Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Roop, RM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, POB 33932,1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA.
RI Robertson, Gregory/E-1601-2017
OI Robertson, Gregory/0000-0001-7157-4034
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM051426, GM51426]
NR 44
TC 80
Z9 84
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0021-9193
J9 J BACTERIOL
JI J. Bacteriol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 182
IS 12
BP 3482
EP 3489
DI 10.1128/JB.182.12.3482-3489.2000
PG 8
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 318WM
UT WOS:000087307700023
PM 10852881
ER

PT J
AU Paulitz, T
   Nowak-Thompson, B
   Gamard, P
   Tsang, E
   Loper, J
AF Paulitz, T
   Nowak-Thompson, B
   Gamard, P
   Tsang, E
   Loper, J
TI A novel antifungal furanone from Pseudomonas aureofaciens, a biocontrol
   agent of fungal plant pathogens
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE 2(5H)-furanone; butenolide; lactone; butyrolactone; antibiotic;
   biological control; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; Pythium ultimum;
   Rhizoctonia solani; Fusarium solani; Fusarium oxysporum; Thielaviopsis
   basicola
ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL;
   TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; DAMPING-OFF; STREPTOMYCES; FLUORESCENS;
   PROTOANEMONIN; INVITRO; LACTONE; TRITICI
AB Pseudomonas aureofaciens (= P. chlororaphis) strain 63-28 is a biocontrol agent active against many soil-borne fungal plant pathogens and shows antifungal activity in culture assays. 3-(1-Hexenyl)-5- methyl-2-(5H)furanone was isolated from culture filtrates of this bacterium. The purified furanone showed antifungal activity against Pythium ultimum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Thielaviopsis basicola. The ED50S for spore germination of these fungi were 45, 54, 56, and 25 mu g/ml. respectively. The compound also inhibited the germ tube growth of Rhizoctonia solani growing from microsclerotia, with an ED50 of 61 mu g/ml. The compound is the reduced form of furanones previously described from this bacterium: 3-(1-hexenyl)-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(5H)-furanone and 3-(1-hexanyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-2-(5H)-furanone. This volatile antifungal furanone has structural similarity to other antifungal furanones produced by actinomycetes (Streptomyces spp.), fungi (Trichoderma harzianum), and higher plants (Pulsatilla and Ranuculus spp.). This is the first report of 3-( 1-hexenyl)-5-methyl-2-(5H)-furanone produced by a bacterium.
C1 McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, St Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
   USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.
RP Paulitz, T (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Macdonald Campus, St Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
NR 38
TC 32
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 6
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0098-0331
J9 J CHEM ECOL
JI J. Chem. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 26
IS 6
BP 1515
EP 1524
DI 10.1023/A:1005595927521
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 327GC
UT WOS:000087785000015
ER

PT J
AU Jenkins, TM
   Haverty, MI
   Basten, CJ
   Nelson, LJ
   Page, M
   Forschler, BT
AF Jenkins, TM
   Haverty, MI
   Basten, CJ
   Nelson, LJ
   Page, M
   Forschler, BT
TI Correlation of mitochondrial haplotypes with cuticular hydrocarbon
   phenotypes of sympatric Reticulitermes species from the southeastern
   United States
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Reticulitermes; MtDNA; haplotype; cuticular hydrocarbon; phenotype
ID CHEMOTAXONOMIC CHARACTERS; COPTOTERMES ISOPTERA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA;
   FLAVIPES KOLLAR; RHINOTERMITIDAE; TERMITES; SEQUENCES; TAXONOMY;
   NASUTITERMES; POPULATIONS
AB Three sympatric Reticuelitermes species have been identified in Georgia, USA, based on morphological characters from alates and soldiers: R. flavipes, R. virginicus, and R. hageni, but species identification at individual collection sites is often difficult because alate production is seasonal and soldiers comprise 1-3% of the colony. We therefore set up an experiment to determine if chemical phenotypes and mtDNA haplotypes can be used together to separate species of subterranean termites. Subterranean termites of the order Reticulitermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) were collected from 20 inspection ports across Four soil provinces in Georgia. Each collection was identified to species using dichotomous keys. Two collections, HH11 and BH25, however, could not be unequivocally keyed to species and were classified as unknown. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) gene was sequenced from individual members of each collection and the variation in cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes from these same collections was characterized. The cuticular hydrocarbon and mtDNA phylogenetic analyses show agreement with both unknown collections falling out in a separate clade. Specimens from HH11 and BH25 are different morphologically, chemically, and genetically from the three known sympatric species in Georgia. Our results suggest that these two collections may represent at least one new taxon in Reticulitermes. Furthermore, the association of cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes and mtDNA haplotypes demonstrates that. when combined with morphological characters, they are useful in separating known species, determining new species, and understanding termite evolution.
C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA.
   USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Chem Ecol Forests Insects, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Jenkins, TM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Redding Bldg,Res Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA.
NR 50
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 7
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0098-0331
J9 J CHEM ECOL
JI J. Chem. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 26
IS 6
BP 1525
EP 1542
DI 10.1023/A:1005548111591
PG 18
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 327GC
UT WOS:000087785000016
ER

PT J
AU Schuchardt, J
AF Schuchardt, J
TI Prosperous retirement: Guide to the new reality
SO JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Natl Endowment Financial Educ, Englewood, CO USA.
   USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP Schuchardt, J (reprint author), Natl Endowment Financial Educ, Englewood, CO USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS
PI MADISON
PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 2537 DANIELS ST, MADISON, WI 53718 USA
SN 0022-0078
J9 J CONSUM AFF
JI J. Consum. Aff.
PD SUM
PY 2000
VL 34
IS 1
BP 149
EP 150
PG 2
WC Business; Economics
SC Business & Economics
GA 313KZ
UT WOS:000087000000015
ER

PT J
AU Hammell, DC
   Franklin, ST
   Nonnecke, BJ
AF Hammell, DC
   Franklin, ST
   Nonnecke, BJ
TI Use of the relative dose response (RDR) assay to determine vitamin A
   status of calves at birth and four weeks of age
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE calves; vitamin A; relative dose response assay
ID A-DEFICIENCY; PLASMA; RETINOL; CATTLE; RATS
AB An accurate assessment of vitamin A status can be determined by analysis of liver biopsy samples; however, liver biopsies are not always feasible. Plasma concentrations of vitamin A do not provide an accurate indication of vitamin A status. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the ability of the relative dose response assay to indicate the vitamin A status of Holstein calves. Calves were obtained at birth and assigned to vitamin A treatments (0, 1700, 34,000, or 68,000 IU/d) added to milk replacer. Liver biopsies and relative dose response assays were performed at birth and 4 wk. Calves supplemented with 1700, 34,000, or 68,000 IU of vitamin Aid had adequate (greater than 20 mu g/g) liver concentrations of vitamin A at 4 wk of age. The relative dose response assay at 4 wk was correlated with liver concentrations of vitamin A. Both the relative dose response assay and liver concentrations of vitamin A indicated that calves not supplemented with vitamin A had low vitamin A status, whereas other treatment groups had adequate vitamin A status. Plasma concentrations of retinol increased by 4 wk Of age in calves receiving supplemental vitamin A at 34,000 IU and 68,000 IU/d and decreased in unsupplemented calves; however, all calves had concentrations of <20 mu g of retinol/dl of plasma. The relative dose response assay agreed with liver biopsies as an indication of vitamin A status, whereas plasma concentrations of retinol incorrectly indicated all treatment groups were deficient in vitamin A.
C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
   USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Franklin, ST (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, 408 WP Garrigus Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA.
NR 28
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 83
IS 6
BP 1256
EP 1263
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 325CA
UT WOS:000087657700010
PM 10877391
ER

PT J
AU Collins, AM
AF Collins, AM
TI Survival of honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) spermatozoa stored at
   above-freezing temperatures
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Apis mellifera; spermatozoa; artificial insemination; germplasm
   preservation; SYBR-14; propidium iodide
ID APIS-MELLIFERA; VIABILITY; STORAGE
AB The development of practical techniques for the storage of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., semen would significantly improve our ability to breed for desirable genotypes and maintain genetic diversity in populations. Artificial insemination of queens has been possible for some time, but the semen used is usually freshly collected, or held for <1 wk at room temperature. I examined the limitations of spermatozoal survival at nonfrozen temperatures. Pooled, diluted semen was stored in sealed capillary tubes at room temperature (25 degrees C) or in a refrigerator set to 12 degrees C, for periods up to 1 yr. Survival of spermatozoa was assayed by a dual fluorescent staining technique using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide stains, which readily distinguishes live and dead cells. No significant loss of viable spermatozoa occurred within the first 6 wk. Between weeks 6 and 9, the percent live spermatozoa fell from 80 to 58%, and remained at that level until after 39 wk. By week 52, samples at room temperature. but not at 12 degrees C, fell to 18.9% live spermatozoa. Nonfrozen storage of honey bee semen has potential for short-term preservation of germplasm, however several factors need to be studied further to optimize survival rates.
C1 ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Collins, AM (reprint author), ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 17
TC 32
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 6
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 568
EP 571
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.568
PG 4
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000004
PM 10902300
ER

PT J
AU Shapiro, M
AF Shapiro, M
TI Enhancement in activity of homologous and heterologous baculoviruses
   infectious to beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) by an optical
   brightener
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Spodoptera exigua; insect viruses; optical brightener
ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FLUORESCENT
   BRIGHTENER; INSECTICIDE; FIELD; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LYMANTRIIDAE;
   RESISTANCE; LOOPER
AB The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (SeMNPV), was the most active virus tested against the beet armyworm (LC50 = 4.1 PIBs/mm(2)), followed by nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV; LC50 = 92.6 PIBs/mm(2)), and the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV; LC50 = 195.7 PIBs/mm(2)). In the case of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), LC(50)s could only be obtained for five/six replicates, whereas LC(50)s could only be obtained for two/six replicates for the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (GmMNPV). When an optical brightener Tinopal LPW was added to virus suspensions, LC50 values were reduced by 130-fold for both SeMNPV and AcMNPV and by 300-fold for AfMNPV. The addition of Tinopal LPW greatly increased the activities of HaMNPV and GmMNPV. In terms of speed of kill, Tinopal LPW reduced the LT(50)s for all nuclear polyhedrosis viruses by 30-40%.
C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA.
NR 38
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 572
EP 576
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.572
PG 5
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000005
PM 10902301
ER

PT J
AU Jones, GD
   Coppedge, JR
AF Jones, GD
   Coppedge, JR
TI Foraging resources of adult Mexican corn rootworm (Coleoptera :
   Chrysomelidae) in Bell County, Texas
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Diabrotica virgifera zeae; Mexican corn rootworm; foraging resources;
   host plants; pollen
ID BOLL-WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; HOST PLANTS; WESTERN; EMERGENCE; CURCULIONIDAE;
   NEBRASKA
AB Pollen analyses were used to determine pollen foraging resources of adult Mexican corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan & Smith, captured near Temple, Bell County, TX, In 1996 and 1997. In 1996, adult Mexican corn rootworms were captured in a corn. Zea mays L., field. In 1997, nine locations outside of cornfields were added. Overall, 92% of the beetles (n = 1,323) contained pollen. More than 142,000 pollen grains were counted. representing 45 families, 63 genera, and 27 species. Overall, in 1996, noncorn grass pollen (70%) occurred in the greatest percentage of total pollen followed by corn (17%), then nongrass pollen (13%). In 1997, noncorn grass pollen (76%) had the greatest percentage, then nongrass (18%), and finally corn pollen (6%). Corn pollen was found in 34% of the beetles in 1996 and 26% in 1997. Fifteen Asteraceae taxa were encountered including sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Thirteen Fabaceae were found including soybean, Glycine max L. Mexican corn rootworm adults foraged mainly on noncorn grass pollen, but also foraged on pollen from a large diversity of plant species, indicating that noncorn pollen may play a role in the food habits of Mexican corn rootworm adults.
C1 ARS, Area Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
RP Jones, GD (reprint author), ARS, Area Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
NR 29
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 636
EP 643
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.636
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000013
PM 10902309
ER

PT J
AU Unruh, TR
   Knight, AL
   Upton, J
   Glenn, DM
   Puterka, GJ
AF Unruh, TR
   Knight, AL
   Upton, J
   Glenn, DM
   Puterka, GJ
TI Particle films for suppression of the codling moth (Lepidoptera :
   Tortricidae) in apple and pear orchards
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cydia pomonella; apple; pest management; particle film; kaolin
ID RESISTANCE; STATES
AB Studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the effects of three particle film formulations consisting of kaolin and adjuvants on neonate larvae, ovipositing adult females, and eggs of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Neonate larval walking speed, fruit discovery rate, and fruit penetration rate on apple host plants coated with particle films were significantly lower than on host plants without particle films in laboratory assays. Females oviposited less on host plants covered with a particle him residue than on untreated plants in laboratory choice and no-choice tests. Hatch rate of codling moth neonate larvae was unaffected by particle films sprayed on host plants either before or after oviposition. Fruit infestation rates were significantly reduced on particle aim-treated trees compared with untreated trees for both first- and second-generation codling moth in field trials in both apple and pear orchards. Particle alms appear to be a promising supplemental control approach for codling moth in orchards where moth density is high, and may represent a stand-alone method where moth densities are lower.
C1 ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
RP Unruh, TR (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
NR 18
TC 62
Z9 65
U1 0
U2 5
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 737
EP 743
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.737
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000028
PM 10902324
ER

PT J
AU Knight, AL
   Unruh, TR
   Christianson, BA
   Puterka, GJ
   Glenn, DM
AF Knight, AL
   Unruh, TR
   Christianson, BA
   Puterka, GJ
   Glenn, DM
TI Effects of a kaolin-based particle film on obliquebanded leafroller
   (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Choristoneura rosaceana; apple; pest management; particle film; kaolin
AB Studies were conducted in 1997 to evaluate the effects of the kaolin-based particle film formulation M96-018 on adults, eggs, and larvae of the ubliquebanded leafroller. Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). Particle film treatments significantly reduced female longevity, mating success. and number of egg masses oviposited compared with moths on untreated apple leaves in sleeve-cage and screen-cage tests. No differences in mating success or oviposition were caused by die application rates and coverage density of M96-018 on foliage. Females avoided ovipositing on article film-treated leaves in choice tests. Larval hatch was not affected by topical application or residual exposure to M96-018. Larval weight gain and pupal weight were significantly reduced and larval mortality increased in no-choice feeding tests with M96-018. In choice tests, larvae preferred to feed on untreated leaf surfaces. The negative effects on larval development and survivorship on M96-018-treated foliage did not differ across a foul fold difference in spray application rate. A significant reduction in the number of infested shoots was found in orchard trials when M96-018 was applied before bud break in late March compared with untreated trees. No reductions in larval densities Mere found compared with an untreated control following prebloom and postbloom applications.
C1 ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
RP Knight, AL (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
NR 18
TC 62
Z9 64
U1 0
U2 5
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 744
EP 749
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.744
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000029
PM 10902325
ER

PT J
AU McQuate, GT
   Follett, PA
   Yoshimoto, JM
AF McQuate, GT
   Follett, PA
   Yoshimoto, JM
TI Field infestation of rambutan fruits by internal-feeding pests in Hawaii
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bactrocera dorsalis; Ceratitis capitata; Cryptophlebia; Cryptoblabes
   gnidiella; Nephelium lappaceum
ID QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; MOTH
AB More than 47,000 mature fruits of nine different varieties of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) were harvested from orchards in Hawaii to assess natural levels of infestation by tephritid Fruit flies and other internal feeding pests. Additionally. harvested, mature fruits of seven different rambutan varieties were artificially infested with eggs or Brst-instars of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), or oriental fruit ny, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to assess host suitability. When all varieties were combined over two field seasons of sampling, fruit infestation rates were 0.021% for oriental fruit fly, 0.097% for Cryptophlebia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and 0.85% for pyralids (Lepidoptera). Species of Cryptophlebia included both C. illepida (Butler), the native Hawaiian species, and C. ombrodelta (Lower), an introduced species from Australia. Cryptophlebia ssp. had not previously been known to attack, rambutan. The pyralid infestation was mainly attributable to Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere), a species also not previously recorded on rambutan in Hawaii. Overall infestation rate for other moths in the families Blastobasidae, Gracillariidae, Tineidae, and Tortricidae was 0.061%. In artificially infested fruits, Loth species of fruit fly showed moderately high survivorship for all varieties tested. Because rambutan has such low rates of infestation by oriental fruit fly and Cryptophlebia spp., the two primary internal-feeding regulatory pests of rambutan in Hawaii, it may he amenable to the alternative treatment efficacy approach to postharvest quarantine treatment.
C1 ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
RP McQuate, GT (reprint author), ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 846
EP 851
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.846
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000044
PM 10902340
ER

PT J
AU Pruett, JH
   Oehler, DD
   Kammlah, DM
   Guerrero, FD
AF Pruett, JH
   Oehler, DD
   Kammlah, DM
   Guerrero, FD
TI Evaluation of horn flies (Diptera : Muscidae) from a pyrethroid
   susceptible colony for general and permethrin esterase activities
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Haematobia irritans irritans; permethrin resistance; esterase
ID HEMATOBIA-IRRITANS DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; RESISTANCE; METABOLISM
AB In this study we describe a nonradioactive single-fly microassay for permethrin hydrolysis. We used this assay with a microplate assay for general esterase activity to evaluate the permethrin hydrolyzing and general esterase activities of aging pyrethroid-susceptible male and female ham flies, Haematobia irritans (L.). We found substantial gender- and age-related differences regarding general esterase activity, permethrin sensitivity, and permethrin hydrolyzing activity within the colony. Extracts of female flies collected 48 h after receiving their first blood meal yielded significantly greater esterase activity than male extracts. Aging female flies were more tolerant of permethrin than were male flies. In addition, a positive correlation was found to exist between the general esterase activity of aging females and their ability to hydrolyze permethrin.
C1 ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA.
RP Pruett, JH (reprint author), ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA.
NR 17
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 920
EP 924
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.920
PG 5
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000054
PM 10902350
ER

PT J
AU Abel, CA
   Wilson, RL
   Wiseman, BR
   White, WH
   Davis, FM
AF Abel, CA
   Wilson, RL
   Wiseman, BR
   White, WH
   Davis, FM
TI Conventional resistance of experimental maize lines to corn earworm
   (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae),
   southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae), and sugarcane borer
   (Lepidoptera : Crambidae)
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Helicoverpa zea; Spodoptera frugiperda; Diatraea grandiosella; Diatraea
   saccharalis; Zea mays; host plant resistance
ID HOST-PLANT-RESISTANCE; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; MAYSIN; POPULATIONS; SILKS
AB Plant resistance is a useful component of integrated pest management for several insects that are economically damaging to maize, Zea mays L. In this study, 15 experimental lines of maize derived from a backcross breeding program were evaluated for resistance to corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith); southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar: and sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.). Experimental line 100-R-3 was resistant in the field to leaf feeding by fall armyworm and line 116-B-10 was resistant in the field to leaf feeding by fall armyworm and leaf and stalk feeding by southwestern corn borer. When corn earworm larvae were fed field harvested silks from experimental line 81-9-B in the laboratory, their pupal weights were significantly lower than the pupal weights of larvae that were fed silks from the resistant control, Zapalote Chico. Maysin levels lower than those commonly associated with corn earworm resistance were present in the resistant experimental line, 107-8-7, indicating a new basis confers resistance to corn earworm in this line. These resistant experimental lines will provide plant breeders with new sources of resistance to lepidopterous insects for the development of improved maize breeding populations.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
RP Abel, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
NR 43
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 3
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 982
EP 988
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.982
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000063
PM 10902359
ER

PT J
AU Barry, BD
   Darrah, LL
   Huckla, DL
   Antonio, AQ
   Smith, GS
   O'Day, MH
AF Barry, BD
   Darrah, LL
   Huckla, DL
   Antonio, AQ
   Smith, GS
   O'Day, MH
TI Performance of transgenic corn hybrids in Missouri for insect control
   and yield
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ostrinia nubilalis; Diatraea grandiosella; maize; host-plant resistance
ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; PROTEIN; LEPIDOPTERA; SURVIVAL; PLANTS; CROPS
AB The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis-transformed corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids compared with comparable nontransformed corn hybrids for controling first- and second-generation European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and second-generation southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, was determined. Yield comparisons were obtained from the same plots of corn hybrids. Both generations of European and the second-generation of southwestern corn borer were effectively controlled, but the Bt hybrids varied in degree of control. Hybrids from Ciba Seeds, DEKALB, and Mycogen had more European corn borer tunneling than those from Novartis or Cargill, and this was generally ascribed to different transgenic events. The Bt-transformed hybrids had virtually no leaf-feeding damage and less tunneling than the non-Bt corn hybrids. Some Bt corn hybrids had no tunneling, whereas other Bt hybrids had a small amount of tunneling. All of the non-Bt hybrids had significant leaf-feeding damage and stalk tunneling from both insects. Only three live European corn borer larvae (stunted) were found in the Bt corn hybrids while splitting stalks to assess tunnel length. When insect damage was significant, and in some evaluations where damage was not significant, differences in yields among hybrids were observed. No significant insect population differences were observed for ave genera of beneficial insects for Bt versus non-Bt corn hybrids. Corn hybrids that have been transformed with the Bt gene provide an effective means of control for corn borers and efforts to reduce the likelihood of development of borer resistance are warranted.
C1 ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Univ Missouri, Integrated Pest Management Program, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Barry, BD (reprint author), ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, 204 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
NR 11
TC 15
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 993
EP 999
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.993
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000065
PM 10902361
ER

PT J
AU Webster, JA
   Porter, DR
AF Webster, JA
   Porter, DR
TI Plant resistance components of two greenbug (Homoptera : Aphididae)
   resistant wheats
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Schizaphis graminum; greenbug biotypes; Triticum aestivum
ID INHERITANCE; GERMPLASM; BIOTYPES; SORGHUM; BARLEY; GENES
AB Several biotypes of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), attack winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., on the Southern Plains every year. Two wheat germplasm sources of resistance ('Largo' and 'GRS 1201') have teen developed that provide protection against the three predominant greenbug biotypes (E, I, and K). Each source has agronomic and end-use quality advantages and disadvantages for the breeder to consider in choosing a greenbug-resistant breeding line. We compared these two germplasms to determine their levels of resistance against biotype E. Components of resistance (i.e., antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance) were measured oil seedlings of GRS 1201, Large, and 'TAM W-101' (a susceptible control). Several aphid and plant measurements (e.g., total number of aphids produced per plant, aphid selection preferences, and plant damage ratings) were recorded for each plant entry.. Select data recorded for each resistance component were normalized and combined to derive a plant resistance index for each wheat entry. Results indicated that GRS 1201 had a higher level of combined resistance components than did Largo, followed by TAM W-101, the susceptible control. These data provide additional information for the breeder to consider in selecting a greenbug-resistant breeding line.
C1 ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA.
RP Webster, JA (reprint author), ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, USDA, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA.
NR 21
TC 12
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 7
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 1000
EP 1004
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.1000
PG 5
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000066
PM 10902362
ER

PT J
AU Gould, WP
   McGuire, RG
AF Gould, WP
   McGuire, RG
TI Hot water treatment and insecticidal coatings for disinfesting limes of
   mealybugs (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae)
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE mealybugs; Pseudococcidae; hot water immersion; insecticidal coatings;
   market quality; quarantine treatment
ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE IMMATURES; IMMERSION; MORTALITY
AB Hot water immersion and insecticidal coatings were tested to determine if they could be used to disinfest Persian limes, Citrus latifolia Tanaka, of the mealybug pests Planococcus citri Risso and Pseudococcus odermatti Miller & Williams. A 20-min 49 degrees C hot water immersion treatment is effective in killing mealybugs and all other arthropods tested found externally on limes, or under the calyx. No insects or mites were found to survive after the 20-min hot water treatment. In this test, 7,200 limes were treated with 1,308 insects killed and zero survivors. Treatment at 49 degrees C for 20 min did not significantly affect quality when treated fruit were compared with untreated control fruit. Four coatings were tested at a 3% rate: two petroleum-based oils (Ampol and Sunspray oil), a vegetable oil (natural oil), and a soap (Mpede). The coatings gave up to 94% kill (Ampol) of mealybugs, which is not sufficient to provide quarantine security. The coatings might be effective as a postharvest dip before shipment.
C1 ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, USDA, Miami, FL USA.
RP Gould, WP (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, USDA, Miami, FL USA.
NR 15
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 1017
EP 1020
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.1017
PG 4
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000069
PM 10902365
ER

PT J
AU Yokoyama, VY
   Miller, GT
   Hartsell, PL
   Leesch, JG
AF Yokoyama, VY
   Miller, GT
   Hartsell, PL
   Leesch, JG
TI Large-scale, on-site confirmatory, and varietal testing of a methyl
   bromide quarantine treatment to control codling moth (Lepidoptera :
   Tortricidae) in nectarines exported to Japan
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cydia pomonella; Prunus; fumigation
ID SHIPPING CONTAINERS; CULTIVARS; FRUIT; CALIFORNIA; FUMIGATION; RESIDUES;
   EFFICACY
AB In total, 30,491 codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), 1-d-old eggs on May Grand nectarines in two large-scale tests, and 17,410 eggs on Royal Giant nectarines in four on-site confirmatory tests were controlled with 100% mortality after fumigation with a methyl bromide quarantine treatment (48 g(3) for 2 h at greater than or equal to 21 degrees C and 50% volume chamber load) on fruit in shipping containers for export to Japan. Ranges (mean +/- SEM) were for percentage sorption 34.7 +/- 6.2 to 46.5 +/- 2.5, and for concentration multiplied by time products 54.3 +/- 0.9 to 74.5 +/- 0.6 g . h/m(3) in all tests. In large-scale tests with May Grand nectarines, inorganic bromide residues 48 h after fumigation ranged from 6.8 +/- 0.7 to 6.9 +/- 0.5 ppm, which were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tolerance of 20 ppm; and, organic bromide residues were <0.01 ppm after 1 d and <0.001 ppm after 3 d in storage at 0-1 degrees C. After completion of large-scale and on-site confirmatory test requirements, fumigation of 10 nectarine cultivars in shipping containers for export to Japan was approved in 1995. Comparison of LD(50)s developed for methyl bromide on 1-d-old codling moth eggs on May Grand and Summer Grand nectarines in 1997 versus those developed for nine cultivars in the previous 11 yr showed no significant differences in codling moth response among the cultivars.
C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
RP Yokoyama, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 1025
EP 1030
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.1025
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000071
PM 10902367
ER

PT J
AU Yokoyama, VY
   Miller, GT
AF Yokoyama, VY
   Miller, GT
TI Response of omnivorous leafroller (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) and onion
   thrips (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) to low-temperature storage
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Platynota stultana; Thrips tabaci; Vitis vinifera; Allium cepa;
   quarantine treatment; cold storage
ID FRUIT MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; POSTHARVEST TREATMENT; CODLING MOTH; STONE
   FRUITS
AB Eggs and first-fifth instars of omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana Walshingham, had a mean percentage survival to the adult stage of 60.7-95.2% for nonexposed immatures and 145-54.3% for immatures exposed to 1 wk at 0-1 degrees C. Exposures of 2-5 wk resulted in 0-6.7% survival, and a 6-wk exposure resulted in <1% survival of all stages tested. A significant reduction in survival of all larval stages occurred between exposures of 0 and 1 wk and between 1 wk and 2-6 wk. Survival of eggs after exposures of 0 and 1 wk was significantly different than survival after exposures of 2-6 wk. The second instar was the stage least susceptible to low-temperature storage. Adults that were exposed to low temperature for 1 wk in the third through fifth instars laid a mean of 120-289 eggs per female, and the mean percentage viability of the eggs ranged from 56.2 to 71.4%. Mean percentage survival of adults and nymphs of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, was inversely related to the duration of exposure from 1 through 3-6 wk at 0-1 and 5 degrees C and was lower at 0-1 (0.2-52.5%) than at 5 degrees C (17.6-66.6%). Exposure to 0-1 degrees C for 4 wk attained 91.2% control, which increased to 99.8% after 6 wk. Low-temperature storage has potential to control omnivorous leafroller in table grapes, Vitis vinifera L., and onion thrips in onions, Allium cepa L.
C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
RP Yokoyama, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 15
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 1031
EP 1034
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.1031
PG 4
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000072
PM 10902368
ER

PT J
AU Arbogast, RT
   Kendra, PE
   Weaver, DK
   Shuman, D
AF Arbogast, RT
   Kendra, PE
   Weaver, DK
   Shuman, D
TI Insect infestation of stored oats in Florida and field evaluation of a
   device for counting insects electronically
SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE stored-grain insects; phenology; species diversity; spatial
   distribution; trapping; electronic monitoring
ID SPECTROSCOPY
AB Automated methods of monitoring stored grain for insect pests will contribute to early detection and aid in management of pest problems. An insect population infesting stored oats ata seed processing plant in north-central Florida was studied to test a device for counting insects electronically (Electronic Grain Probe Insect Counter, EGPIC), and to characterize the storage environment. The device counts insects as they fall through an infrared beam. incorporated into a modified grain probe (pitfall) trap and transmits the counts to a computer for accumulation and storage. Eight traps were inserted into the surface of the grain bulk, and the insects trapped were identified and counted manually at weekly intervals. Grain temperature and moisture content also were recorded for each trap location. Manual and automatic counts were compared to estimate error in the EGPIC system. Both over- and undercounting occurred, and errors ranged from -79.4 to 82.4%. The mean absolute value of error (+/-SE) was 31.7% (+/-4.3). At least 31 species, or higher taxa, were detected, but the psocid Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) and the foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl), accounted for 88% of the captured insects. Species diversity, phenology, and spatial distribution are presented, as well as temporal and spatial distribution of grain temperature and moisture content. The data sets generated will find application in population modeling and development of integrated pest management systems for stored grain.
C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA.
RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA.
NR 29
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 5
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-0493
J9 J ECON ENTOMOL
JI J. Econ. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 93
IS 3
BP 1035
EP 1044
DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.1035
PG 10
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 341PP
UT WOS:000088599000073
PM 10902369
ER

PT J
AU Chen, YR
   Hruschka, WR
   Early, H
AF Chen, YR
   Hruschka, WR
   Early, H
TI A chicken carcass inspection system using visible/near-infrared
   reflectance: In-plant trials
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID POULTRY CARCASSES; CLASSIFICATION
AB On-line trials of an industrial prototype visible/near-infrared spectrophotometer system developed by the Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory for inspecting poultry for diseased and defective carcasses were conducted during an 8-day period in a slaughter plant in New Holland, Pennsylvania. Spectra (470-960 nm) of 1174 normal and 576 abnormal (diseased and/or defective) chicken carcasses were measured. The instrument measured the spectra of veterinarian-selected carcasses as they passed on a processing line at a speed of 70 birds per minute. Classification models using principal component analysis as a data pretreatment for input into neural networks were able to classify the carcasses from the spectral data with a success rate of 95%. Data from 3 days can predict the subsequent two days' chickens with high accuracy. This accuracy was consistent with the results obtained previously in off-line studies. Thus, the method shows promise for separation of diseased and defective carcasses from wholesome carcasses in a partially automated inspection system. Details of the models using various training regimens are discussed.
C1 US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
   USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, NRI, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Chen, YR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BA, ISL,BARC E, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 9
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA
SN 0145-8876
J9 J FOOD PROCESS ENG
JI J. Food Process Eng.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 23
IS 2
BP 89
EP 99
DI 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2000.tb00505.x
PG 11
WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology
GA 326JL
UT WOS:000087732000001
ER

PT J
AU Van Hekken, DL
   Rajkowski, KT
   Tomasula, PM
   Tunick, MH
   Holsinger, VH
AF Van Hekken, DL
   Rajkowski, KT
   Tomasula, PM
   Tunick, MH
   Holsinger, VH
TI Effect of carbon dioxide under high pressure on the survival of cheese
   starter cultures
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
LA English
DT Article
ID RAW-MILK; PRESERVATION
AB A new processing method that rapidly forms curds and whey from milk has the potential to improve cheesemaking procedures if cheese starter cultures can tolerate the processing conditions. The survival of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, or Streptococcus thermophilus through this new process was evaluated. Inoculated milk containing 0, 1, or 3.25% fat or Lactobacillus MRS broth or tryptone yeast lactose broth (depending on microorganism used) was sparged with CO2 to a pressure of 5.52 MPa and held for 5 min at 38 degrees C. Broth contained 7.93 to 8.78 log CFU/ mi before processing and 7.84 to 8.66 log CFU/ml afterward. Before processing, milk inoculated with L. bulgaricus, L. [lactis, or S. thermophilus contained 6.81, 7.35, or 6.75 log CFU/ml, respectively. After processing, the curds contained 5.68, 7.32, or 6.50 log CFU/g, and the whey had 5.05, 6.43, or 6.14 log CFU/ml, respectively. After processing, the pi-Is of control samples were lower by 0.41 units in broth, 0.53 units in whey, and 0.89 units in curd. The PPI Of the processed inoculated samples decreased by 0.3 to 0.53 units in broth, 0.32 to 0.37 units in whey, and 0.93 to 0.98 units in the curd. Storing curds containing L. lactis at 30 degrees C or control curds and curds with L. bulgaricus or S. thermophilus at 37 degrees C for an additional 48 h resulted in pHs of 5.22, 5.41, 4.53, or 4.99, respectively. This study showed that milk inoculated with cheese starter cultures and treated with CO2 under high pressure to precipitate casein-produced curds that contained sufficient numbers of viable starter culture to produce lactic acid, thereby decreasing the pH.
C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Van Hekken, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC
PI DES MOINES
PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA
SN 0362-028X
J9 J FOOD PROTECT
JI J. Food Prot.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 63
IS 6
BP 758
EP 762
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA 322ZD
UT WOS:000087538900010
PM 10852570
ER

PT J
AU Wallace, DJ
   Van Gilder, T
   Shallow, S
   Fiorentino, T
   Segler, SD
   Smith, KE
   Shiferaw, B
   Etzel, R
   Garthright, WE
   Angulo, FJ
AF Wallace, DJ
   Van Gilder, T
   Shallow, S
   Fiorentino, T
   Segler, SD
   Smith, KE
   Shiferaw, B
   Etzel, R
   Garthright, WE
   Angulo, FJ
CA Foodnet Working Grp
TI Incidence of foodborne illnesses reported by the Foodborne Diseases
   Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)-1997
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
LA English
DT Article
AB In 1997, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Program (FoodNet) conducted active surveillance for culture-confirmed cases of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Cyclospora, and Cryptosporidium in five Emerging Infections Program sites. FoodNet is a collaborative effort of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Infectious Diseases, the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, and state health departments in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, and Oregon. The population under active surveillance for foodborne infections was approximately 16.1 million persons or roughly 6% of the United States Population. Through weekly or monthly contact with all clinical laboratories in these sites, 8,576 total isolations were recorded: 2,205 cases of salmonellosis, 1,273 cases of shigellosis, 468 cases of cryptosporidiosis, 340 of E. coli O157:H7 infections, 139 of yersiniosis, 77 of listeriosis, 51 of Vibrio infections, and 49 of cyclosporiasis. Results from 1997 demonstrate that while there are regional and seasonal differences in reported incidence rates of certain bacterial and parasitic diseases, and that some pathogens showed a change in incidence from 1996, the overall incidence of illness caused by pathogens under surveillance was stable. More data over more years are needed to assess if observed variations in incidence reflect yearly fluctuations or true changes in the burden of foodborne illness.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco Off, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA.
   Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.
   Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Decatur, GA 30033 USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA.
   Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
   US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Epidemiol & Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
   US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA.
RP Wallace, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 4
TC 66
Z9 69
U1 1
U2 3
PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC
PI DES MOINES
PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA
SN 0362-028X
J9 J FOOD PROTECT
JI J. Food Prot.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 63
IS 6
BP 807
EP 809
PG 3
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA 322ZD
UT WOS:000087538900017
PM 10852576
ER

PT J
AU Smith, JL
AF Smith, JL
TI Whipple's disease: Is Tropheryma whippelii (Whipple's bacillus)
   foodborne?
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BLOOD
   MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SYNOVIAL-FLUID;
   CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; AIDS ENTEROPATHY;
   GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; DIAGNOSIS
AB Whipple's disease is a rare systemic disease with symptoms nominated by diarrhea, weight loss, arthralgia or arthritis and abdominal pain. Whipple's disease is limited to humans and the disease is caused by infection with the grampositive bacterium, Tropheryma whippelii. PCR determinations suggest that T. whippelii is an environmental actinomycete but studies on the organism have been limited due to the inability to culture the organism in vitro. Most patients are male Caucasians older than 50 years of age living in North and South America, England, continental Europe and Australia. The cellular immune system appears to control T. whippelii and patients with cellular immune defects appear to be more susceptible to Whipple's disease. The disease affects the gastrointestinal tract, the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system; however, other organs also may be affected Whipple's disease can be treated with antibiotics effective against gram-positive bacteria but relapses are common. Untreated Whipple's disease is usually fatal. Although the mode of transmission of T. whippelii in humans is unclear, it possibly occurs through the fecal-oral route and food and/or water may be the source of the organism.
C1 Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 83
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA
SN 0149-6085
J9 J FOOD SAFETY
JI J. Food Saf.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 20
IS 2
BP 65
EP 84
DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2000.tb00289.x
PG 20
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA 325KM
UT WOS:000087674800001
ER

PT J
AU Sommers, CH
   Thayer, DW
AF Sommers, CH
   Thayer, DW
TI Survival of surface-inoculated Listeria monocytogenes on commercially
   available frankfurters following gamma irradiation
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
LA English
DT Article
ID YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; RADIATION SENSITIVITY;
   REFRIGERATED STORAGE; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; POULTRY MEAT; BREAST MEAT;
   PORK CHOPS; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE
AB Frankfurter is a generic term for a cured and cooked sausage, which may consist of almost any meat type and include a wine variety of nonmeat fillers and additives. When several "brands" or types of commercially available frankfurters were surface-inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and vacuum-packed, gamma radiation D-values ranged from 0.49 key to 0.71 key, with an average D-value of 0.61 key. Differences in gamma radiation D-value were observed for nine of twenty one pair-wise comparisons (alpha = 0.01) as determined by analysis of covariance. Therefore, frankfurter formulation mar affect radiation D-values for surface inoculated L. monocytogenes. If low dose gamma irradiation, cold pasteurization, were to be used for control of L. monocytogenes on frankfurters, gamma radiation dosage should be based on individual product formulation.
C1 Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 37
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 1
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA
SN 0149-6085
J9 J FOOD SAFETY
JI J. Food Saf.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 20
IS 2
BP 127
EP 137
DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2000.tb00293.x
PG 11
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA 325KM
UT WOS:000087674800005
ER

PT J
AU Lachowski, H
   Maus, P
   Roller, N
AF Lachowski, H
   Maus, P
   Roller, N
TI From pixels to decisions - Digital remote sensing technologies for
   public land managers
SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB Information derived from remote sensing assists in describing locations acid relationships among land cover types and ecological processes. To be useful to resource managers in all land management agencies, the data need to be acquired and maintained according to high standards of accuracy and consistency, and our forestry schools must produce the skilled personnel who can take advantage of these techniques. One important use: helping the public participate in the planning process by enabling citizens to visualize the management alternatives being proposed for a particular area.
C1 US Forest Serv, Integrat Remote Sensing Program, USDA, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
   Red Castle Resources Inc, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   Veridian ERIM Int Inc, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
RP Lachowski, H (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Integrat Remote Sensing Program, USDA, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, 2222 West 2300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC AMER FORESTERS
PI BETHESDA
PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-1201
J9 J FOREST
JI J. For.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 98
IS 6
BP 13
EP 15
PG 3
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 418NV
UT WOS:000167899000004
ER

PT J
AU Caylor, J
AF Caylor, J
TI Aerial photography in the next decade
SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB Aerial photography for resource mapping and analysis remains an important tool in a geospatial toolkit that contains many kinds of imagery. Historical comparisons for tracking landscape changes are among today's uses, and there are many ways to extract information from aerial images by combining them with data from other sources. Until all the advantages shift to newer technologies, natural resource managers who continue to use aerial photography need to know how to keep the costs low and the quality high.
C1 US Forest Serv, Training & Awareness Program, USDA, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
RP Caylor, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Training & Awareness Program, USDA, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, 2222 West 2300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOC AMER FORESTERS
PI BETHESDA
PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-1201
J9 J FOREST
JI J. For.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 98
IS 6
BP 17
EP 19
PG 3
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 418NV
UT WOS:000167899000005
ER

PT J
AU Greenfield, PH
AF Greenfield, PH
TI Digital imaging basics for natural resource managers
SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB The increase in processing speed and the miniaturization of digital storage have made digital imaging available to anyone. One advantage of digital imagery for natural resource managers is that it can be enhanced on the computer to bring out details of interest-whether vegetative stress, species composition, or growth and volume. However, there are many considerations that need to be addressed when contracting for digital imaging services or purchasing your own equipment and performing the work in-house.
C1 US Forest Serv, Liaison & Special Projects, USDA, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
RP Greenfield, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Liaison & Special Projects, USDA, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, 2222 West 2300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC AMER FORESTERS
PI BETHESDA
PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-1201
J9 J FOREST
JI J. For.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 98
IS 6
BP 21
EP 23
PG 3
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 418NV
UT WOS:000167899000006
ER

PT J
AU Kwon, YM
   Woodward, CL
   Pillai, SD
   Pena, J
   Corrier, DE
   Byrd, JA
   Ricke, SC
AF Kwon, YM
   Woodward, CL
   Pillai, SD
   Pena, J
   Corrier, DE
   Byrd, JA
   Ricke, SC
TI Litter and aerosol sampling of chicken houses for rapid detection of
   Salmonella typhimurium contamination using gene amplification
SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Salmonella; aerosol sampling; PCR; poultry house
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HYBRIDIZATION SENSOR; BROILER; FOOD
AB Rapid screening of poultry houses for contamination is critical for Salmonella control. Use of air filter sampling has great potential for efficient and reliable monitoring of Salmonella spp., as it could represent an entire poultry house and solve sample-size problems. Two sampling methods (litter and air filter) were compared for detection in four chicken pens inoculated with a S. typhimurium antibiotic resistant strain. Salmonella levels in both litter and air filter samples were determined by PCR amplification and by conventional enrichment. Although amplified DNA was not directly detected, amplified DNA could be detected using a dual probe hybridization sensor. The ratio of the positive samples to total samples determined by gene amplification was much lower than that obtained by conventional enrichments (29/128 versus 102/728 samples). However, the ratio obtained by gene amplification with air filter samples was greater than that with litter samples (26/64 versus 3/64). These results demonstrate that the air filter sampling method is an alternative method of Salmonella detection in poultry house using PCR gene amplification protocol.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Environm Sci Program, El Paso, TX 79927 USA.
   USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, Room 101, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NR 16
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 3
PU NATURE AMERICA INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA
SN 1367-5435
J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT
JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 24
IS 6
BP 379
EP 382
DI 10.1038/sj.jim.7000008
PG 4
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 343KQ
UT WOS:000088701900003
ER

PT J
AU Pawlosky, RJ
   Flanagan, VP
   Novotny, JA
AF Pawlosky, RJ
   Flanagan, VP
   Novotny, JA
TI A sensitive procedure for the study of beta-carotene-d8 metabolism in
   humans using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE beta-carotene; mass spectrometry; stable isotope; high performance
   liquid chromatography metabolism
ID CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; BETA-CAROTENE
AB This report describes the development of a robust method of high sensitivity for studying the metabolism of beta-carotene-d8 in humans using a combination of liquid chromatography/particle beam-mass spectrometry (LC/ PB-MS). The utility of the LC/PB-MS method was demonstrated in a pilot study. The carotenoids were extracted from plasma into hexane and separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C-18 column. The HPLC effluent was nebulized using helium and the solvent was removed under vacuum within the dual-stage particle beam interface. The de-solvated carotenoids were ionized iu the negative-ion mode (electron capture) using methane chemical ionization and detected using selected ion monitoring. The limit of detection of the method was on the order of 0.3 ng (approximately 0.6 pmol) for beta-carotene. beta-Carotene-dB was quantified in the plasma over a concentration range of two orders of magnitude using beta-carotene-C-13(40) as an internal standard. The overall coefficient of variance (CV) for determining the concentration of the analytes from 30 mu l of plasma was 3.9% for beta-carotene and 2.4% for beta-carotene-d8. Using the LC/PB-MS method, the concentration of beta-carotene-d8 was determined in the plasma of a subject who had consumed a single 5-mg dose over a 30-day period. The sensitive semiautomated procedure is capable of high sample throughput and makes large comprehensive studies feasible.
C1 USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Pawlosky, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 7
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPID RESEARCH INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0022-2275
J9 J LIPID RES
JI J. Lipid Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 41
IS 6
BP 1027
EP 1031
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 323PQ
UT WOS:000087574500019
PM 10828096
ER

PT J
AU Kaplan, DT
   Opperman, CH
AF Kaplan, DT
   Opperman, CH
TI Reproductive strategies and karyotype of the burrowing nematode,
   Radopholus similis
SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE banana; Caenorhabditis elegans; citrus; egg; evolution; genetics;
   hermaphrodite; karyotype; nematode; oogenesis; ovary; ovatestis;
   parthenogenesis; polar body; quarantine; Radopholus; sperm
ID HOST-RANGE; CHROMOSOME-NUMBER; DIVERSITY; SITE
AB Karyotype, gametogenesis, and gonad morphology were characterized for 56 Radopholus spp. isolates collected from Africa, Australia, Central America, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico, North America (Florida), and Hawaii. Seven of the isolates, all collected from Florida, were citrus-parasitic. The haploid karyotype for all isolates was n = 5, and gonad organization was similar for each. Furthermore, reproduction did not involve parthenogenesis. Initially, spermatids were produced in young adult females and accumulated in the spermatheca prior to differentiation to sperm. At the cessation of spermatogenesis, oogenesis began and continued for the remainder of the nematode's life. Oocytes first entered a mitotic phase, then a transition zone, and remained in pachytene until they reached the proximal end of the ovary. Thus, Radopholus can reproduce as a hermaphrodite when amphigony does not occur. The gonad is actually an ovatestis.
C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA.
RP Kaplan, DT (reprint author), 101 Cove Colony Rd, Maitland, FL 32751 USA.
EM dkaplan@cfl.rr.com
NR 25
TC 15
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS
PI MARCELINE
PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA
SN 0022-300X
J9 J NEMATOL
JI J. Nematol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 2
BP 126
EP 133
PG 8
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 349RZ
UT WOS:000089060500002
PM 19270958
ER

PT J
AU Kaplan, DT
   Thomas, WK
   Frisse, LM
   Sarah, JL
   Stanton, JM
   Speijer, PR
   Marin, DH
   Opperman, CH
AF Kaplan, DT
   Thomas, WK
   Frisse, LM
   Sarah, JL
   Stanton, JM
   Speijer, PR
   Marin, DH
   Opperman, CH
TI Phylogenetic analysis of geographically diverse Radopholus similis via
   rDNA sequence reveals a monomorphic motif
SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE banana; citrus; evolution; genetics; ITS1; 28S; nematode; pathotype;
   phylogeny; quarantine; race; Radopholus similis; rDNA; species concepts;
   taxonomy
ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION; RIBOSOMAL
   DNA-SEQUENCE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HOST-RANGE;
   EVOLUTIONARY FRAMEWORK; PRATYLENCHUS-COFFEAE; PARASITIC NEMATODES;
   BURROWING NEMATODES
AB The nucleic acid sequences of rDNA ITS1 and the rDNA D2/D3 expansion segment were compared for 57 burrowing nematode isolates collected from Australia, Cameroon, Central America, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Florida, Guadeloupe, Hawaii, Nigeria, Honduras, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Puerto Rico, South Africa, and Uganda. Of the 57 isolates, 55 were morphologically similar to Radopholus similis and seven were citrus-parasitic. The nucleic acid sequences for PCR-amplified ITS1 and for the D2/D3 expansion segment of the 28S rDNA gene were each identical for all putative R. similis. Sequence divergence for both the ITS1 and the D2/D3 was concordant with morphological differences that distinguish R similis from other burrowing nematode species. This result substantiates previous observations that the R. similis genome is highly conserved across geographic regions. Autapomorphies that would delimit phylogenetic lineages of non-citrus-parasitic R similis from those that parasitize citrus were not observed. The data presented herein support the concept that R. similis is comprised of two pathotypes-one that parasitizes citrus and one that does not.
C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA.
   Univ Missouri, Div Mol Biol & Biochem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
   CIRAD AMIS, F-34032 Montpellier 01, France.
   Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Plant Pathol Branch, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia.
   Int Inst Trop Agr, Eastern & So Africa Reg Ctr, Kampala, Uganda.
   Del Monte Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Kaplan, DT (reprint author), 101 Cove Colony Rd, Maitland, FL 32751 USA.
EM dkaplan@cfl.rr.com
NR 55
TC 25
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 3
PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS
PI MARCELINE
PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA
SN 0022-300X
J9 J NEMATOL
JI J. Nematol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 2
BP 134
EP 142
PG 9
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 349RZ
UT WOS:000089060500003
PM 19270959
ER

PT J
AU Wergin, WP
   Yaklich, RW
   Carta, LK
   Erbe, EF
   Murphy, CA
AF Wergin, WP
   Yaklich, RW
   Carta, LK
   Erbe, EF
   Murphy, CA
TI Effect of an ice-nucleating activity agent on subzero survival of
   nematode juveniles
SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Caenorhabditis elegans; cryobiology; Distolabrellus veechi; freeze
   susceptibility; freeze tolerance; ice-nucleating activity agent; INA;
   nematode; Panagrellus redivivus; Pratylenchus agilis; Pristionchus
   pacificus; Snomax; supercooling
ID COLD-TOLERANCE; LIQUID-NITROGEN; CYST NEMATODES; CRYOPRESERVATION;
   STEINERNEMA; HETERORHABDITIS; PRESERVATION; CARPOCAPSAE; HARDINESS
AB Juveniles of five species of nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans, Panagrellus redivivus, Pratylenchus agilis, Pristionchus pacificus, and Distolabrellus veechi, were added to solutions with (treatment) and without (control) a commercial ice-nucleating activity (INA) agent. Ten-microliter droplets of the solutions containing the juveniles were placed on glass microscope slides and transferred to a temperature-controlled freeze plate where the temperature was reduced to -6 to -8 degrees C. At this temperature, the droplets containing the INA agent froze while those without the agent remained liquid. After 2 minutes, the temperature of the plate was raised to 24 degrees C, and the slides were examined with a light microscope to determine the viability of the juveniles. The results showed that usually most juveniles (43% to 88%, depending on species) in solutions that did not contain the INA agent (controls) were active, indicating that the juveniles were capable of supercooling and were thereby protected from the subzero temperatures. Alternatively, less than 10% of the juveniles that had frozen for 2 minutes in solutions containing the INA agent remained viable, indicating that inoculative freezing of the solution was lethal to the supercooled juveniles. Our results suggest that, in geographical areas where winter temperatures may not be sufficiently low or sustained to freeze soil, the addition of an INA agent may help induce ice nucleation and thereby reduce the populations of nematode species that are unable to survive when the soil solution is frozen.
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Wergin, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 41
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 6
PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS
PI LAKELAND
PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA
SN 0022-300X
J9 J NEMATOL
JI J. Nematol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 2
BP 198
EP 204
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 349RZ
UT WOS:000089060500010
PM 19270966
ER

PT J
AU Gouge, DH
   Smith, KA
   Lee, LL
   Henneberry, TJ
AF Gouge, DH
   Smith, KA
   Lee, LL
   Henneberry, TJ
TI Effect of soil depth and moisture on the vertical distribution of
   Steinernema riobrave (Nematoda : Steinernematidae)
SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE entomopathogenic nematodes; movement; soil moisture; spatial
   distribution; Steinernema riobrave; vertical distribution
ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; HETERORHABDITIS SP; INFECTIVITY; COLEOPTERA;
   RHABDITIDA; TEXTURE
AB The effect of soil moisture on the distribution of Steinernema riobrave in a sand column was determined. Larvae of Pectinophora gossypiella were used to detect S. riobrave infective juveniles (IJ) in each 2.5-cm section of 30-cm-long soil columns. Soil moisture was determined for each section and related to the numbers of nematodes recovered from infected insect baits. Infective juveniles of S. riobrave applied on the sand column surface showed some degree of positive geotaxis. IJ in soil columns with a consistent moisture gradient grouped in the upper 12.7 cm within a water potential range of (-)40 to (-)0.0055 MPa (2% to 14% moisture). Nematodes in sand columns that were gradually dehydrating moved down the soil column, aggregating on the 28th day between 15-23 cm in depth. Nematode redistribution over time allowed IJ to remain within a water potential range of (-)0.1 to (-)0.012 MPa (5.2% to 9.5% moisture).
C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Nematol, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA.
   Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA.
RP Gouge, DH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Nematol, 37860 W Smith Enke Rd, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA.
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 5
PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS
PI LAKELAND
PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA
SN 0022-300X
J9 J NEMATOL
JI J. Nematol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 2
BP 223
EP 228
PG 6
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 349RZ
UT WOS:000089060500014
PM 19270970
ER

PT J
AU Szalanski, AL
   Taylor, DB
   Mullin, PG
AF Szalanski, AL
   Taylor, DB
   Mullin, PG
TI Assessing nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation within
   Steinernema (Rhabditida : Steinernematidae)
SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DNA sequencing; entomopathogenic nematodes; genetic variability;
   mitochondrial DNA; nematode; ribosomal DNA ITS; Steinernema
ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; RDNA;
   HETERORHABDITIDAE; ELEGANS; RATES
AB DNA sequence analysis was used to characterize the nuclear ribosomal DNA ITSI region and a portion of the COII and 16S rDNA genes of the mitochondrial genome from Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes. Nuclear ITSI nucleotide divergence among seven Steinernema spp. ranged from 6 to 22%, and mtDNA divergence among five species ranged from 12 to 20%. No intraspecific variation was observed among three S. feltiae strains. Phylogenetic analysis of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences confirms the existing morphological relationships of several Steinernema species. Both the rDNA ITSI and mtDNA sequences were useful for resolving relationships among Steinernema taxa.
C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
   Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Lab,USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
RP Szalanski, AL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, 406 Plant Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014
OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867
NR 22
TC 19
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 3
PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS
PI LAKELAND
PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA
SN 0022-300X
J9 J NEMATOL
JI J. Nematol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 2
BP 229
EP 233
PG 5
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 349RZ
UT WOS:000089060500015
PM 19270971
ER

PT J
AU Gamble, HR
   Andrews, CD
   Dubey, JP
   Webert, DW
   Parmley, SF
AF Gamble, HR
   Andrews, CD
   Dubey, JP
   Webert, DW
   Parmley, SF
TI Use of recombinant antigens for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection
   in swine
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PIGS; ELISAS; SERUM; ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; REACTIVITY; DIAGNOSIS; CATS
AB Five recombinant Toxoplasma gondii antigens, designated B427, C51, C55, V22, and MBP30 were assessed for their potential use in an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for detection of T. gondii infection in swine. The antigens were evaluated with sera from young pigs that had been fed 1-10,000 T. gondii oocysts of the VEG or GT-I strains. Results were compared with an EIA using a native T. gondii antigen extract. All 5 recombinant antigens, as well as native antigen, detected antibody responses as soon as 3 wk after infection in pigs inoculated with 1 or 10 oocysts of the VEG strain. This antibody response persisted, at varying levels, for 14 wk when the experiment was terminated. All antigens also detected antibody responses in pigs 4 wk after inoculation with 10,000 oocysts of the GT-I strain. The antibody response recognized by native antigen remained high through 51 wk after inoculation. However, there was considerable animal-to-animal variation in responses to the individual recombinant antigens. Only antigens C51 and MBP30 consistently detected a positive antibody response over the entire 51-wk course of the experiment. These results suggest that these antigens might be useful for the serological detection of T; gondii infection in pigs.
C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Gamble, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 33
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 86
IS 3
BP 459
EP 462
DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0459:UORAFD]2.0.CO;2
PG 4
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 322KH
UT WOS:000087508400007
PM 10864240
ER

PT J
AU Dubey, JP
   Foreyt, WJ
AF Dubey, JP
   Foreyt, WJ
TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep
   (Ovis canadensis)
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PATHOGEN EXPOSURE
AB Serum samples from 697 Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) from North America were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test incorporating mercaptoethanol and formalin-fixed tachyzoites. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 25 of 697 (3.6%) sheep in titers of 1:25 (8 sheep), 1:50 (4 sheep), 1:100 (7 sheep), 1:200 (1 sheep). 1:400 (1 sheep), 1:800 (1 sheep), and 1:1,600 (3 sheep). This is the first record of T. gondii exposure in bighorn sheep.
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 6
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 86
IS 3
BP 622
EP 623
DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0622:SOTGIR]2.0.CO;2
PG 2
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 322KH
UT WOS:000087508400032
PM 10864265
ER

PT J
AU Dubey, JP
   Scandrett, WB
   Kwok, OCH
   Gajadhar, AA
AF Dubey, JP
   Scandrett, WB
   Kwok, OCH
   Gajadhar, AA
TI Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in ostriches (Struthio
   camelus)
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECIFICITY; RESPONSES; OOCYSTS; QUAIL
AB Serum samples from 973 ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Canada were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test incorporating mercaptoethanol and formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites. Twenty-eight (2.9%) of the 973 birds were found to be seropositive for antibodies to T. gondii at titers of 1:25 in 15 birds, 1:50 in 12 birds, and 1:500 in 1 bird. This is the first record of T. gondii exposure in ostriches, and it supports the hypothesis that all avian species are susceptible to Toxoplasma infection. Nevertheless, the results of this study suggest that the risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis from ostriches as a food source is low.
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Anim Parasitol, Hlth Anim Lab, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada.
RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 11
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 86
IS 3
BP 623
EP 624
DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0623:POATTG]2.0.CO;2
PG 2
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 322KH
UT WOS:000087508400033
PM 10864266
ER

PT J
AU Dubey, JP
   Speer, CA
   Bowman, DD
   Horton, KM
   Venturini, C
   Venturini, L
AF Dubey, JP
   Speer, CA
   Bowman, DD
   Horton, KM
   Venturini, C
   Venturini, L
TI Experimental transmission of Sarcocystis speeri Dubey and Lindsay, 1999
   from the South American opossum (Didelphis albiventris) to the North
   American opossum (Didelphis virginiana)
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; N-SP PROTOZOA; NEURONA; FALCATULA;
   SPOROCYSTS; BIRDS
AB Sarcocystis speeri Dubey and Lindsay, 1999 from the South American opossum Didelphis albiventris was successfully transmitted to the North American opossum Didelphis I . Sporocysts from a naturally infected D. albiventris from Argentina were fed to 2 gamma-interferon knockout (KO) mice. The mice were killed 64 and 71 days after sporocyst feeding (DAF). Muscles containing sarcocysts from the KO mouse killed 71 DAF were fed to a captive D. virginiana; this opossum shed sporocysts 11 days after investing sarcocysts. Sporocysts from D. virginiana were fed to 9 KO mice and 4 budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Schizonts, sarcocysts, or both of S. speeri were found in tissues of all 7 KO mice killed 29-85 DAF: 2 mice died 39 and 48 DAF were not necropsied. Sarcocystis stages were not found in tissues of the 4 budgerigars fed S. speeri sporocysts and killed 35 DAF These results indicate that S. speeri is distinct from Sarcocystis falcatula and Sarcocystis neurona, and that S. speeri is present in both D. albivntris and D. virginiana.
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   Natl Univ La Plata, Fac Vet Sci, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina.
RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 13
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 86
IS 3
BP 624
EP 627
DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0624:ETOSSD]2.0.CO;2
PG 4
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 322KH
UT WOS:000087508400034
PM 10864267
ER

PT J
AU El-Massry, A
   Mahdy, OA
   El-Ghaysh, A
   Dubey, JP
AF El-Massry, A
   Mahdy, OA
   El-Ghaysh, A
   Dubey, JP
TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera of turkeys, chickens,
   and ducks from Egypt
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WILD TURKEYS; RESPONSES; OOCYSTS
AB Sera from 173 turkeys, 108 chickens and 48 ducks from Gi, Egypt, were tested for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by means of the modified agglutination test using mercaptoethanol and formalin-fixed tachyzoites. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies (>1:25) among turkeys, chickens, and ducks was 59.5%, 47.2%, and 50%, respectively.
C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Cairo Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Giza, Egypt.
RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
OI Mahdy, Olfat/0000-0001-6032-0805
NR 14
TC 27
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 86
IS 3
BP 627
EP 628
DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0627:POTGAI]2.0.CO;2
PG 2
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 322KH
UT WOS:000087508400035
PM 10864268
ER

PT J
AU Rickard, LG
   Hoberg, EP
AF Rickard, LG
   Hoberg, EP
TI Reassignment of Lamanema from Nematodirinae to Molineinae (Nematoda :
   Trichostrongyloidea)
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SYNLOPHE; CLASSIFICATION; ARTIODACTYLA
AB The monospecific Lamanema historically has been assigned to the Nematodirinae within the Molineidae. Inconsistencies in morphological characters, within a phylogenetic context for Nematodirinae, led to a re-evaluation of the putative relationships and taxonomic placement of Lamanema. Among 7 putative synapomorphies for Nematodirinae, Lamanema possesses only 1, large eggs. Large eggs, sporadically present in phylogenetically disparate taxa of trichostrongyles, are equivocal with respect to placement of Lamanema; it is considered that possession of this single homoplasious character alone is insufficient justification to retain the genus in Nematodirinae. Affinities with the Trichostrongylidae (Cooperiinae or Haemonchinae) have also been proposed; however, Lamanema possess neither of 2 synapomorphies that diagnose monophyly of the family. Lamanema is retained in the Molineidae and transferred to the Molineinae as it possesses all characters of the family as currently defined. The origin of Lamanema represents a secondary colonization of ruminants by molineids and provides no context for elucidating the history of the Nematodirinae and Nematodirus.
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
   USDA ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Rickard, LG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, POB 9825, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
NR 21
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 86
IS 3
BP 647
EP 650
DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0647:ROLFNT]2.0.CO;2
PG 4
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 322KH
UT WOS:000087508400043
PM 10864276
ER

PT J
AU Gildow, FE
   Damsteegt, VD
   Stone, AL
   Smith, OP
   Gray, SM
AF Gildow, FE
   Damsteegt, VD
   Stone, AL
   Smith, OP
   Gray, SM
TI Virus-vector cell interactions regulating transmission specificity of
   soybean dwarf luteoviruses
SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT
LA English
DT Article
DE Myzus persicae; Aulocorthum solani; Basal lamina; aphids; vector
   specificity
ID MYZUS-PERSICAE; IDENTIFICATION; CLOVER
AB Transmission of soybean dwarf viruses (SbDV) indigenous to Japan (SbDV-D) and to the eastern United States (SbDV-Va20) were compared in vector and nonvector aphid species. Absolute vector-specificity was maintained when Aulacorthum solani, Acythosiphon pisum, and Myzus persicae were allowed to feed on solutions of either virus (100 mu g/ml) through Parafilm(C) membranes. SbDV-D was transmitted only by A. solani, and SbDV-Va20 was transmitted only by A. pisum and ill. persicae. Similar results were obtained when individual aphids were microinjected with 2 ng virus and subsequently allowed to feed on healthy plants. Ultrastructural studies of A. solani and M. persicae indicated that both SbDV-D and SbDV-Va20 were acquired specifically through the aphid hindgut. No difference in hindgut acquisition specificity was observed, and both A. solani and M. persicae were able to transport SbDV-D and SbDV-Va20 into the haemocoel by endocytotic/exocytotic pathways. When injected, SbDV was shown to be associated with only the accessory salivary glands (ASG) in aphids, indicating a high level of tissue specificity. Two different interactions with the ASG were observed for SbDV-D and SbDV-Va20 in A. solani and M. persicae. SbDV-D penetrated the ASG basal lamina of A. solani, but was never observed in the basal lamina of M. persicae. The ASG basal lamina was a barrier to SbDV-D transmission by M. persicae. SbDV-Va20 penetrated the ASG basal lamina of both A. solani and hi. persicae. However, SbDV-Va20 was not observed in the ASG cytoplasm in A. solani, indicating that the basal plasmalemma functioned as the transmission barrier. Observations indicated that capsid protein structure, aphid basal lamina composition and cell membrane components influenced virus-aphid interactions regulating SbDV transmission.
C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA.
   Hood Coll, Dept Biol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA.
   USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Gildow, FE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
NR 24
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0931-1785
J9 J PHYTOPATHOL
JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 148
IS 6
BP 333
EP 342
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2000.tb04784.x
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 326WT
UT WOS:000087760700003
ER

PT J
AU Jones, CM
   Tinanoff, N
   Edelstein, BL
   Schneider, DA
   DeBerry-Sumner, B
   Kanda, MB
   Brocato, RJ
   Blum-Kemelor, D
   Mitchell, P
AF Jones, CM
   Tinanoff, N
   Edelstein, BL
   Schneider, DA
   DeBerry-Sumner, B
   Kanda, MB
   Brocato, RJ
   Blum-Kemelor, D
   Mitchell, P
TI Creating partnerships for improving oral health of low-income children
SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAD-START CHILDREN; DENTAL-CARIES PREVALENCE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN;
   PATTERNS
C1 Off Hlth Program, Dent Program, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Food Nutr Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA.
RP Jones, CM (reprint author), Off Hlth Program, Dent Program, 5600 Fishers Lane,Room 6A-30, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE
PI PORTLAND
PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA
SN 0022-4006
J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT
JI J. Public Health Dent.
PD SUM
PY 2000
VL 60
IS 3
BP 193
EP 196
DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03327.x
PG 4
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 372KL
UT WOS:000165232800010
PM 11109218
ER

PT J
AU McNeill, KL
   Sanders, TH
   Civille, GV
AF McNeill, KL
   Sanders, TH
   Civille, GV
TI Using focus groups to develop a quantitative consumer questionnaire for
   peanut butter
SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
AB Two consumer focus group sessions, with a total of 20 participants, were conducted to gather information on consumer vocabulary for appearance, flavor and texture attributes and appropriateness of attribute scales for commercially available peanut butter. Participants were asked to describe peanut butter and identify each descriptor as a positive or negative attribute of the product. To examine the utility of the vocabulary, participants tasted four distinctly different, unidentified peanut butter samples. The results indicated that the samples differed on most of the descriptors and suggested that these consumers were able to discriminate between various brands of peanut butter on specific appearance, flavor and textural attributes. The focus groups provided a vocabulary for the development of a quantitative consumer test questionnaire and increased understanding of consumer language for peanut butter. The questionnaire developed from the results of the focus group sessions was used for subsequent quantitative consumer testing.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   USDA ARS, MQHR, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   Sensory Spectrum Inc, Chatham, NJ 07928 USA.
RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
NR 7
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 8
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA
SN 0887-8250
J9 J SENS STUD
JI J. Sens. Stud.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 15
IS 2
BP 163
EP 178
DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2000.tb00263.x
PG 16
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 363GX
UT WOS:000089828100004
ER

PT J
AU Hallfrisch, J
   Behall, KM
AF Hallfrisch, J
   Behall, KM
TI Mechanisms of the effects of grains on insulin and glucose responses
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Nutrition
CY OCT   01, 1999
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Amer Coll Nutr
DE glucose; insulin; grains; barley; wheat; oats; glycemic index; diabetes
ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; GLYCEMIC INDEX; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN;
   POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; BETA-GLUCAN; OAT GUM; METABOLIC
   VARIABLES; AMYLOPECTIN STARCH; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS
AB Consumption of a number of grains and grain extracts has been reported to control or improve glucose tolerance and reduce insulin resistance. The inability of the body to maintain normal glucose levels or to require excessive levels of insulin to do so has been called glucose intolerance, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. These conditions are associated with obesity and may be preliminary steps in the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although dietary goals recommend the consumption of three servings of whole grains per day, average consumption in the United States is less than one serving per day. There are a number of mechanisms by which grains may improve glucose metabolism and delay or prevent the progression of impaired glucose tolerance to insulin resistance and diabetes. These mechanisms are related to the physical properties and structure of grains. The composition of the grain, including particle size, amount and type of fiber, viscosity, amylose and amylopectin content all affect the metabolism of carbohydrates from grains. Increasing whole grain intake in the population can result in improved glucose metabolism and delay or reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Whole grains can provide a substantial contribution to the improvement of the diets of Americans. A number of whole grain foods and grain fiber sources are beneficial in reduction of insulin resistance and improvement in glucose tolerance. Form, amount and method of cooking of these foods as well as the health characteristics, age and gender of the group of subjects studied are all important factors in the effectiveness of the foods in altering these responses. Dietary recommendations of health organizations suggest consumption of three servings a day of whole grain foods; however, Americans generally fall below this standard. Recent research using various grains and grain products effective in improving insulin resistance or lowering glycemic index will be discussed below by possible mechanisms of action.
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Hallfrisch, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 308,Rm 221, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 52
TC 92
Z9 96
U1 1
U2 19
PU AMER COLL NUTRITION
PI NEW YORK
PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA
SN 0731-5724
J9 J AM COLL NUTR
JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 3
SU S
BP 320S
EP 325S
PG 6
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 326RR
UT WOS:000087749000006
PM 10875604
ER

PT J
AU Cleveland, LE
   Moshfegh, AJ
   Albertson, AM
   Goldman, JD
AF Cleveland, LE
   Moshfegh, AJ
   Albertson, AM
   Goldman, JD
TI Dietary intake of whole grains
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Nutrition
CY OCT   01, 1999
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Amer Coll Nutr
DE whole grain; food consumption; nutrient intake; United States; dietary
   survey; Food Guide Pyramid; database
ID IOWA WOMENS HEALTH; HEART-DISEASE; CONSUMPTION; CANCER; RISK;
   METAANALYSIS; FOODS; DEATH
AB Objective: The objective of this study was to provide national estimates of whole-gain intake in the United States, identify major dietary sources of whole grains and compare food and nutrient intakes of whole-grain consumers and nonconsumers.
   Methods: Data were collected from 9,323 individuals age 20 years and older in USDA's 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals through in-person interviews on two non-consecutive days using a multiple-pass 24-hour recall method. Foods reported by respondents were quantified in servings as defined by the Food Guide Pyramid using a new database developed by the USDA. Whole-grain and nonwhole-grain servings were determined based on the proportion, by weight, of the gain ingredients in each food that were whole grain and nonwhole gain. Sampling weights were applied to provide national probability estimates adjusted for differential rates of selection and nonresponse. Then, t tests were used to assess statistically significant differences in intakes of nutrients and food groups by whole-gain consumers and nonconsumers.
   Results: According to the 1994-96 survey, U.S. adults consumed an average of 6.7 servings of grain products per day; 1.0 serving was whole gain. Thirty-six percent averaged less than one whole-grain serving per day based on two days of intake data, and only eight percent met the recommendation to eat at least three servings per day. Yeast breads and breakfast cereals each provided almost one-third of the whole-grain servings, grain-based snacks provided about one-fifth, and less than one-tenth came from quick breads, pasta, rice, cakes. cookies, pies, pastries and miscellaneous grains. Whole-grain consumers had significantly better nutrient profiles than nonconsumers, including higher intakes of vitamins and minerals as percentages of 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances and as nutrients per 1000 kilocalories, and lower intakes of total fat, saturated fat and added sugars as percentages of food energy. Consumers were significantly more likely than nonconsumers to meet Pyramid recommendations for the grain, fruit and dairy food groups.
   Conclusion: Consumption of whole-grain foods by U.S. adults falls well below the recommended level. A large proportion of the population could benefit from eating more whole grain, and efforts are needed to encourage consumption.
C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Gen Mills Inc, Bell Inst Hlth & Nutr, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Cleveland, LE (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Rm 102, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 35
TC 94
Z9 96
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER COLL NUTRITION
PI NEW YORK
PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA
SN 0731-5724
J9 J AM COLL NUTR
JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 3
SU S
BP 331S
EP 338S
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 326RR
UT WOS:000087749000008
PM 10875606
ER

PT J
AU Bermudez, OI
   Falcon, LM
   Tucker, KL
AF Bermudez, OI
   Falcon, LM
   Tucker, KL
TI Intake and food sources of macronutrients among older Hispanic adults:
   Association with ethnicity, acculturation, and length of residence in
   the United States
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; PUERTO-RICANS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION;
   CUBAN-AMERICANS; WHITES; HEALTH
AB Objective To describe the food intake and food sources of macronutrients in diets of older Hispanic adults in the Northeastern United States and to explore relationships between acculturation, years in the United States, and macronutrient intake.
   Design Cross-sectional study using a representative sample of older Hispanic adults and a comparison group of non-Hispanic whites.
   Subjects/setting Hispanic (n=711) and non-Hispanic white (n=226) persons, aged 60 years and older, residing in Massachusetts.
   Statistical analysis Macronutrient intakes, collected by 24-hour dietary recall, were compared across ethnic groups by means of the general linear models procedure (with Bonferroni adjustments). Associations between macronutrient intake and predictor variables were tested with Pearson correlations and linear regression. The contribution of foods to total intake of macronutrients was determined by use of a rank procedure.
   Results Hispanic elderly subjects consumed significantly less saturated fat and simple sugars and more complex carbohydrates than did non-Hispanic whites. Hispanics residing in the United States for a longer time tended to have macronutrient profiles more similar to those of the non-Hispanic whites. Rice for Hispanic and bread for non-Hispanics were the major contributors of energy. More acculturated Hispanic elders consumed fewer ethnic foods and more foods related to the non-Hispanic-white eating patterns than those less acculturated.
   Applications/conclusions Efforts to promote better diets among Hispanic elders need to emphasize maintenance or adoption of healthful dietary patterns based on ethnic and modern foods that will satisfy their biological, emotional, and social needs. Dietitians and other dietetics practitioners can use the information presented here in studying nutrition-related chronic diseases, in public health planning, and in nutrition education and promotion efforts directed to ethnic-specific, elderly Hispanic groups.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Bermudez, OI (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Falcon, Luis/C-1237-2009; 
OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X
FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10425-05]
NR 24
TC 103
Z9 105
U1 3
U2 9
PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA
SN 0002-8223
J9 J AM DIET ASSOC
JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 100
IS 6
BP 665
EP 673
DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00195-4
PG 9
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 460MG
UT WOS:000170310900017
PM 10863569
ER

PT J
AU Ma, JZ
   Wang, W
   Yang, ZS
   Yang, DY
   Hu, GY
   Feng, LX
   Liu, CK
AF Ma, JZ
   Wang, W
   Yang, ZS
   Yang, DY
   Hu, GY
   Feng, LX
   Liu, CK
TI Mannich reaction of carboxyl alpha-H of poly(2-propenoic acid) and its
   application in tanning
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB The Mannich reaction of carboxyl alpha-H of Poly(propenoic acid) was studied and characterized by H-1-NMR (Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), C-13-NMR (Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), IR (Infra-red spectroscopy), Thermal Analysis (TGA-Thermogravimetric Analysis, DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis. According to the Mannich reaction a selective filling amphoteric tanning agent (SAT) was synthesized and used in the retanning of the pigskin garment leather. The results showed that carboxyl alpha-H of Poly (propenoic acid) was active enough to carry on the Mannich reaction in proper conditions. Observations also showed that SAT can make leather plump, hair pores shrink, and it can help to overcome the problem of pastel shades and has excellent selective filling property.
C1 NW Inst Light Ind, Dept Leather Engn, Xianyang 712081, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China.
   Zhejiang Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.
   ARS, USDA, ERRC, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA.
RP Ma, JZ (reprint author), NW Inst Light Ind, Dept Leather Engn, Xianyang 712081, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN
PI CINCINNATI
PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA
SN 0002-9726
J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS
JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 95
IS 4
BP 138
EP 147
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 321GU
UT WOS:000087448400003
ER

PT J
AU Reinert, JF
AF Reinert, JF
TI Restoration of Ayurakitia to generic rank in tribe Aedini and a revised
   definition of the genus
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Ayurakitia; Aedini; Culicidae; taxonomy
AB Ayurakitia, previously treated as a subgenus of genus Aedes, is restored as a genus in tribe Aedini of family Culicidae. Rationale for this action is discussed. The genus includes 2 species (griffithi and peytoni) and has been reported from Southeast Asia. The most distinctive features of the genus are listed. A revised and expanded definition of the genus and illustrations of the female and male genitalia, pupa, and 4th stage larva of the type species are provided.
C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA.
RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA.
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC
PI LAKE CHARLES
PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA
SN 8756-971X
J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR
JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 16
IS 2
BP 57
EP 65
PG 9
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 324YR
UT WOS:000087650000001
PM 10901627
ER

PT J
AU Taylor, SL
   King, JW
AF Taylor, SL
   King, JW
TI Enrichment of ferulate phytosterol esters from corn fiber oil using
   supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Taylor, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 8
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA
SN 0003-021X
J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 77
IS 6
BP 687
EP 688
DI 10.1007/s11746-000-0110-9
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 326VT
UT WOS:000087758300019
ER

PT J
AU Wang, MH
   Hjelmfelt, AT
   Garbrecht, J
AF Wang, MH
   Hjelmfelt, AT
   Garbrecht, J
TI DEM aggregation for watershed modeling
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE digital elevation model; DEM aggregation; flow direction; watershed
   properties
ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; DRAINAGE NETWORKS; EXTRACTION; PATTERN
AB The widely available USGS 7.5-minute Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has a cell size of approximately 30 m x 30 m. This high resolution topographic information is impractical for many applications of distributed hydrologic and water quality models. In this study, cells were aggregated into coarse-resolution areal units, termed grids, and a method to approximate flow direction for coarse-resolution grids from 30 m DEM cells was developed. The method considers the flow path defined from the fine-resolution DEM in determining a grid's flow direction and makes flow directions for grids closely follow the flow pattern suggested by the DEM. The aggregation method was applied to a DEM of Goodwater Creek, a nearly flat watershed that is located in central Missouri. The drainage networks derived for different levels of cell aggregations showed that grid aggregates of the Goodwater Creek watershed provided an adequate representation of the landscape topography.
C1 Aqua Terra Consultants, Mt View, CA 94043 USA.
   USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA.
RP Wang, MH (reprint author), Aqua Terra Consultants, 2685 Marine Way,Ste 1314 Mt View, Mt View, CA 94043 USA.
NR 11
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC
PI MIDDLEBURG
PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 3
BP 579
EP 584
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04288.x
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
   Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 328HL
UT WOS:000087844600010
ER

PT J
AU Arnold, JG
   Srinivasan, R
   Muttiah, RS
   Allen, PM
AF Arnold, JG
   Srinivasan, R
   Muttiah, RS
   Allen, PM
TI Reply to discussion by R. C. Whittemore and M. E. Lebo - "Continental
   scale simulation of the hydrologic balance"
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA.
   Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA.
   Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA.
RP Arnold, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC
PI MIDDLEBURG
PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 36
IS 3
BP 667
EP 668
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04298.x
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
   Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 328HL
UT WOS:000087844600020
ER

PT J
AU Anjum, FM
   Lookhart, GL
   Walker, CE
AF Anjum, FM
   Lookhart, GL
   Walker, CE
TI Electrophoretic identification of hard white spring wheats grown at
   different locations in Pakistan in different years
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE wheat; growth locations; crop years; gliadin acid PAGE; relative
   mobilities of gliadin bands; relative intensities of gliadin bands;
   variety identification
ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GLIADIN ELECTROPHOREGRAMS; CULTIVAR
   IDENTIFICATION; VARIETIES; PROTEINS; QUALITY; ENVIRONMENT; SUBGROUPS
AB Pakistani wheats were identified via acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) of gliadin proteins. Gliadin electrophoretograms of wheat cultivars were qualitatively independent of growth locations and years. The Pakistani wheat Faisalabad 83 and the American wheat KS84HW196 contained an intense gliadin band in the region of the relative mobility 50 band of Marquis. That band was readily distinguishable and was followed by distinct intense double bands in the same position as those of Marquis, and can be used as a reference for mobility assignments in wheat cultivar identification work. Minor differences in band intensities across locations and years were noticed. Identification tables based on band mobilities relative to Marquis and relative intensities were established. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.
C1 Univ Agr, Dept Food Technol, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
   USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Anjum, FM (reprint author), Univ Agr, Dept Food Technol, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
RI anjum, Faqir/F-5883-2015
NR 32
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 80
IS 8
BP 1155
EP 1161
DI 10.1002/1097-0010(200006)80:8<1155::AID-JSFA587>3.3.CO;2-A
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 324CE
UT WOS:000087603600003
ER

PT J
AU Wise, DJ
   Klesius, PH
   Shoemaker, CA
   Wolters, WR
AF Wise, DJ
   Klesius, PH
   Shoemaker, CA
   Wolters, WR
TI Vaccination of mixed and full-sib families of channel catfish Ictalurus
   punctatus against enteric septicemia of catfish with a live attenuated
   Edwardsiella ictaluri isolate (RE-33)
SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAFINESQUE; EXPOSURE; IMMUNE
AB These studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a Live attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish. In one study channel catfish fingerlings (72 d of age post hatch) were immersed for 30 min in water containing E. ictaluri RE-33 at dosages of 1 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7) and 2 x 10(7) CFU/ML of water. No mortalities were observed following vaccination. Following exposure to virulent Edwardsiella ictaluri the cumulative mortality of fish vaccinated with dosages of at least 1 x 10(7) CFU/mL were significantly lower than that of non-vacccinated fish in both laboratory and held challenges. Vaccination with 1 x 10(6) CFU RE-33mL provided some protection during the laboratory challenge but failed to protect fish under field conditions. In a second study, vaccination of 6 full-sib families of channel catfish at a vaccine dosage of 1 x 10(7) CFU/mL resulted in a relative percent survival among families ranging from 67.1 to 100%. Significant differences in mortality were found among families and between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, but there was no family by vaccine interaction. Families with the highest mortality after vaccination were also shown to have the highest mortality without vaccination (r = 0.82; P = 0.04).
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
RP Wise, DJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
NR 19
TC 23
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 3
PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY
PI BATON ROUGE
PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA
SN 0893-8849
J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC
JI J. World Aquacult. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 31
IS 2
BP 206
EP 212
DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2000.tb00354.x
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 322KL
UT WOS:000087508700007
ER

PT J
AU Poppensiek, GC
AF Poppensiek, GC
TI Meandering in biological etymology
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Often the lexical fog that swirls around the esoteric languages of the biomedical sciences seems impenetrable. Strange words in specialized scientific and professional vocabularies frequently appear as intimidating barriers to fledgling scholars picking their way through foreboding linguistic labyrinths. This seems to be especially notable in the biomedical sciences. That not need be so if-one were disciplined to look at their etymological derivations; their origins. Usually good dictionaries offer micro-clues about the historical origins of these words, particularly when ancient Greek and Latin expressions provide the building blocks from which the words were forged. This is the role of etymology.
   Whenever the classical Greek and Latin reservoirs have failed to slake the thirst for stable terms to describe new discoveries, imaginative scholars have reverted to the old Anglo-Saxon trick of creating hybrid names; mixing prefixes, conjunctives, and suffixes; or occasionally simply adding a Latin suffix to a Greek prefix.
   In the genesis of this linguistic porridge, one sometimes finds a flash of humor that offers a refreshing glimpse at the tilt of the mind of the composer. Sometimes, too, ancient myths are exposed, and from them one can learn much about the state of the art in former days. Or old customs, like mixing fantasy and logic, as seen in the naming of the pituitary gland, provide a clear example of the real meanings of fantasy and logic, and show poignantly the keen intellect of the ancient scholarly mind.
   A limitless opportunity to broaden understanding and to clarify misunderstood concepts is proffered in biological etymology. It pledges the lifting of the lexical fog!.
C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY USA.
RP Poppensiek, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PURDUE UNIV PRESS
PI W LAFAYETTE
PA 1207 SOUTH CAMPUS COURTS-E, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907-1207 USA
SN 0748-321X
J9 J VET MED EDUC
JI J. Vet. Med. Educ.
PD SUM
PY 2000
VL 27
IS 2
BP 1
EP 4
PG 4
WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences
SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences
GA 333XV
UT WOS:000088156800001
ER

PT J
AU Crawford, GC
   Dunker, FH
   Dubey, JP
AF Crawford, GC
   Dunker, FH
   Dubey, JP
TI Toxoplasmosis as a suspected cause of abortion in a Greenland muskox
   (Ovibos moshatus wardi)
SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE muskox; Ovibos moschatus wardi; abortion; toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasma
   gondii; placentitis
ID OOCYSTS
AB Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were seen in the placenta of a late-term aborted Greenland muskox (Ovibos moschatus wardi) fetus in a captive herd at the San Francisco Zoo. The organism stained with anti-T. gondii polyclonal rabbit serum but not with anti-Neospora caninum serum. The dam had a Toxoplasma titer of greater than or equal to 1:3,200 at the time of abortion and in each of the previous 3 yr (modified agglutination test). The muskox is a new host record for T. gondii.
C1 San Francisco Zoo, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
   USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Crawford, GC (reprint author), San Francisco Zoo, 1 Zoo Rd, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
NR 8
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS
PI MEDIA
PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA
SN 1042-7260
J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED
JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 31
IS 2
BP 247
EP 250
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 355CH
UT WOS:000089367700019
PM 10982143
ER

PT J
AU Juneja, VK
   Eblen, BS
AF Juneja, VK
   Eblen, BS
TI Heat inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in beef as affected by
   fat content
SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; THERMAL INACTIVATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES;
   GROUND-BEEF; RESISTANCE; SENFTENBERG; ENZYMES; CATTLE; MEAT
AB The heat resistance of an eight-strain cocktail of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 was determined at 58-65 degrees C in beef containing 7, 12, 18 or 24% fat. Inoculated beef was packaged in bags completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 58, 60, 62 . 5 and 65 degrees C for a predetermined length of time. The surviving cell population was enumerated by spiral plating heat-treated samples onto tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0 . 6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. Preliminary studies on thermal inactivation of the Salmonellae isolates in chicken broth indicated no correlation between heat resistance and origin of the isolates. While linear survival curves were observed in chicken broth, inactivation kinetics in beef showed deviations from the first order kinetics, represented by an initial lag period or shoulder before any death occurred with time. Overall, increased fat levels in beef resulted in longer lag periods and lower D-values, suggesting that the lag periods must be taken into account and added to the D-values for calculating the time required at a specific temperature for achieving a specific lethality for Salm. typhimurium DT104 in beef. Thermal death times from this study will assist the retail food industry to design cooking regimes that ensure safety of beef contaminated with Salm. typhimurium DT104.
C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 28
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 3
U2 10
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0266-8254
J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL
JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 30
IS 6
BP 461
EP 467
DI 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00755.x
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 328RJ
UT WOS:000087863600009
PM 10849277
ER

PT J
AU Carlson, SA
   Willson, RM
   Crane, AJ
   Ferris, KE
AF Carlson, SA
   Willson, RM
   Crane, AJ
   Ferris, KE
TI Evaluation of invasion-conferring genotypes and antibiotic-induced
   hyperinvasive phenotypes in multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella
   typhimurium DT104
SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE Salmonella; antibiotic resistance; invasion; pathogenicity island; DT104
ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; VIRULENCE; GENES; PATHOGENICITY; INFECTION; MUTANTS;
   DT-104; MODEL; TYPHI
AB Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a problem in both industrialized and developing countries. This is especially evident in Salmonella typhimurium, a foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal and systemic disease throughout the would. S. typhimurium DT104 further poses a major health concern due to its apparent enhanced ability to acquire multiple antibiotic resistance genes and its putative hypervirulent phenotype. Recently, we demonstrated that multiresistant S. typhimurium do not appear to be more invasive than non-resistant cohorts. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) flanking and internal sequences in over 400 isolates of multiresistant S. typhimurium. With these same isolates, we also used a tissue culture invasion assay to evaluate a potential relationship between antibiotic exposure and a hyperinvasive phenotype. Our studies revealed that SPI1 flanking sequences are similar in multiresistant and non-resistant S. typhimurium. Furthermore, we failed to identify any isolates that were hyperinvasive in the presence of any of the 14 antibiotics evaluated. These results further indicate that the putative hypervirulence of multiresistant S. typhimurium is not likely to occur at the level of invasion.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
NR 24
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0882-4010
J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS
JI Microb. Pathog.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 28
IS 6
BP 373
EP 378
DI 10.1006/mpat.2000.0355
PG 6
WC Immunology; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Microbiology
GA 322AM
UT WOS:000087488000006
PM 10839974
ER

PT J
AU Ellingson, JLE
   Stabel, JR
   Bishai, WR
   Frothingham, R
   Miller, JM
AF Ellingson, JLE
   Stabel, JR
   Bishai, WR
   Frothingham, R
   Miller, JM
TI Evaluation of the accuracy and reproducibility of a practical PCR panel
   assay for rapid detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium avium
   subspecies
SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES
LA English
DT Article
DE Mycobacterium avium subspecies (MAs); insertion elements; single-copy
   genes; PCR panel assay
ID INSERTION ELEMENT; PARATUBERCULOSIS; DNA; COMPLEX; HYBRIDIZATION;
   RELATEDNESS; STRAINS; IS901; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM
AB The Mycobacterium avium subspecies (MAs) include the closely related MAs avium and MAs paratuberculosis. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a PCR panel assay as a diagnostic toot to detect and differentiate MAs avium and MAs paratuberculosis infection. Specific oligonucleotides primers derived from the 16S rRNA (MAs) sequence, insertion elements IS901 (MAs avium), IS1245 Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), IS900(MAs paratuberculosis), and the hspX(MAs paratuberculosis) gene sequences were synthesized and used in preassembled PCR reaction mixtures. These five primer sets made up the PCR panel assay. To determine the accuracy of the PCR panel assay for MAs avium and MAs paratuberculosis strain detection and differentiation, lysates of mycobacterial DNA from 120 (n=120) strains were tested with the PCR panel assay by one laboratory (#1). The PCR panel assay specifically detected and differentiated 91/91 (100%) of MAs avium and MAs paratuberculosis strains tested in this study. The PCR panel assay also specifically differentiated all MAs avium and MAs paratuberculosis strains from all but one (M. intracellulare, serovar 23) of the other mycobacterial strains tested. To confirm the accuracy and evaluate the reproducibility of the PCR panel assay, samples were numbered and given to a different laboratory (#2) as 'unknowns' for identification by the PCR panel assay. In this study, the overall accuracy for strain identification using the PCR panel assay was 99.2% (119/120). The reproducibility of the PCR panel assay when comparing data from laboratory #1 with laboratory #2 was found to be 100% (120/120). These results indicate that this 'easy-to-use', rapid PCR method can accurately and reliably detect and differentiate closely related MAs avium and MAs paratuberculosis from each other and from other mycobacterial species. The PCR panel assay can also differentiate mixed cultures of MAs. The simplicity of this PCR method could be beneficial to laboratories that test for members of MAs. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   Natl Farm Med Ctr, Marshfield Clin, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
NR 32
TC 21
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0890-8508
J9 MOL CELL PROBE
JI Mol. Cell. Probes
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 14
IS 3
BP 153
EP 161
DI 10.1006/mcpr.2000.0299
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Cell Biology
GA 330NL
UT WOS:000087968100003
PM 10860713
ER

PT J
AU Obert, DE
   Skinner, DZ
   Stuteville, DL
AF Obert, DE
   Skinner, DZ
   Stuteville, DL
TI Association of AFLP markers with downy mildew resistance in
   autotetraploid alfalfa
SO MOLECULAR BREEDING
LA English
DT Article
DE conditional probability; cosegregation; allele frequency; Medicago
   sativa
ID LINKAGE MAP; TETRAPLOID ALFALFA; RFLP; POLYMORPHISM; SEGREGATION; PCR;
   POPULATION; STRATEGIES; MEDICAGO; ISOZYME
AB The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) assay is an efficient method for the identification of molecular markers useful in the improvement of numerous crop species. The identification of AFLP markers linked to disease resistance genes has been shown in segregating populations from crosses of inbred lines. The development of inbred lines in alfalfa is not possible, but existing breeding programs have produced populations selected for resistance to a single pest. Two such populations, UC-123 and UC-143, differing only in selection for resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora trifoliorum de Bary) isolate I-8, were used in this study. Thirty-six resistant plants from UC-143, and 36 susceptible plants from UC-123 were screened for DNA polymorphisms using fourteen AFLP primer combinations. Four AFLP fragment markers, ACACTC(208), ACACTC(150), ACACAT(216) and ACACTC(486), were found to be significantly associated with disease susceptibility or resistance. Resistant and susceptible plants were crossed in a diallel scheme and the progeny were screened for resistance to P. trifoliorum isolate I8. Two of the AFLP markers, ACACTC(208) and ACACTC(486) were significantly associated with resistance in the F-1 and S-1 progeny. The utilization of two populations, comprised of 36 resistant and 36 susceptible plants, for the identification of DNA fragments associated with disease resistance proved successful. Seventy-two plants is a very manageable number and provides a starting point for further refinement of marker-trait associations.
C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
NR 38
TC 17
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1380-3743
J9 MOL BREEDING
JI Mol. Breed.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 6
IS 3
BP 287
EP 294
DI 10.1023/A:1009672008702
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity
GA 356AW
UT WOS:000089421700006
ER

PT J
AU Skinner, DZ
   Loughin, T
   Obert, DE
AF Skinner, DZ
   Loughin, T
   Obert, DE
TI Segregation and conditional probability association of molecular markers
   with traits in autotetraploid alfalfa
SO MOLECULAR BREEDING
LA English
DT Article
DE allele; molecular marker; recombination; resampling; bootstrap;
   frequency shift; Medicago sativa
ID TETRAPLOID ALFALFA; LINKAGE MAP; RFLP
AB The complications introduced by the autotetraploid, outcrossing nature of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as related to detecting associations of marker loci and traits of interest are discussed, and a new method of detecting marker-trait associations is suggested. This method utilizes plant populations that are likely to have been produced through the plant breeding process: populations selected for one trait, and the base, unselected population. Marker allele frequency shifts between the populations are indicative of genomic regions involved in trait expression, and may indicate alleles that have reached the triplex or homozygous state and do not segregate in S-1 or F-1 populations. However, because many, perhaps hundreds, of sequential frequency comparisons are needed to detect fragments in significantly different proportions in the two populations, the type I error rate is very high. A resampling-based analysis method is proposed to address the concern of the type I error rate, and identify marker alleles associated with this trait of interest. The utility of marker-trait associations thus defined for identifying individual plants from heterogeneous populations was investigated through model-building and conditional probability studies. Factors investigated that influenced the utility of the marker associations and (in the base population) the frequencies of the trait and marker, and the frequencies of the markers in plants exhibiting the trait and in the plants not exhibiting the trait. The frequency of occurrence of a marker in undesirable plants profoundly influenced the efficiency with which the marker could be used to select desirable plants, however, under some circumstances, markers or combinations of markers can be highly efficient for selecting rare, desirable plants from a heterogeneous base population.
C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
NR 42
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1380-3743
J9 MOL BREEDING
JI Mol. Breed.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 6
IS 3
BP 295
EP 306
DI 10.1023/A:1009617725541
PG 12
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity
GA 356AW
UT WOS:000089421700007
ER

PT J
AU Castleberry, SB
   King, TL
   Wood, PB
   Ford, WM
AF Castleberry, SB
   King, TL
   Wood, PB
   Ford, WM
TI Microsatellite DNA markers for the study of Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma
   magister) populations and cross-species amplification in the genus
   Neotoma
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE cross-species; microsatellite; Neotoma magister; woodrat
C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
   W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, WV Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
   USDA, Forest Serv, Parsons, WV 26287 USA.
RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
NR 6
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 2
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 9
IS 6
BP 824
EP 826
DI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00915-4.x
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 328HT
UT WOS:000087845300022
PM 10849302
ER

PT J
AU Fang, QQ
   Mitchell, A
   Regier, JC
   Mitter, C
   Friedlander, TP
   Poole, RW
AF Fang, QQ
   Mitchell, A
   Regier, JC
   Mitter, C
   Friedlander, TP
   Poole, RW
TI Phylogenetic utility of the nuclear gene dopa decarboxylase in noctuoid
   moths (Insecta : Lepidoptera : Noctuoidea)
SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
ID DNA-SEQUENCES; ELONGATION FACTOR-1-ALPHA; LEVEL PHYLOGENETICS; PROTEIN
   SEQUENCES; WRONG MODELS; EVOLUTION; TREES; MITOCHONDRIAL; SUBSTITUTION;
   DIVERGENCES
AB Phylogenetic utility for the nuclear gene encoding: dopa decarboxylase (DDC), little used in systematics, was recently demonstrated within the noctuid moth subfamily Heliothinae. Here we extend the test of the utility of a 709-bp DDC fragment to deeper levels, analyzing 49 species representing major groups across the superfamily Noctuoidea. Parsimony, distance, and maximum likelihood analyses recover all or nearly all of a set of "test clades" supported by clear morphological synapomorphies, spanning a wide range of taxonomic levels. DDC also upholds a recent proposal that the Noctuidae are paraphyletic. Nt3 contributes a majority of the signal and recovers the basal spit between Notodontidae and all other noctuoids, despite a plateau of nt3 divergence at this level. However, nonsynonymous changes also support groups at all levels, and in contrast to nt3, amino acid divergence shows no plateau. The utility of DDC promises to extend back to the early Tertiary and Cretaceous, a time span for which few suitable genes have been identified. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Agr Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
RP Fang, QQ (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
RI Mitchell, Andrew/B-7018-2008
OI Mitchell, Andrew/0000-0001-5022-5898
NR 47
TC 24
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1055-7903
J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL
JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 15
IS 3
BP 473
EP 486
DI 10.1006/mpev.1999.0758
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
   Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
   Heredity
GA 328KM
UT WOS:000087850100013
PM 10860655
ER

PT J
AU Bogdanowicz, SM
   Schaefer, PW
   Harrison, RG
AF Bogdanowicz, SM
   Schaefer, PW
   Harrison, RG
TI Mitochondrial DNA variation among worldwide populations of gypsy moths,
   Lymantria dispar
SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
ID LEPIDOPTERA; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS
AB Gypsy moth populations from Japan, mainland Asia, Europe, Tunisia, and North America were analyzed for variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from three gene regions. These samples resolve into four groups, representing gypsy moths from (1) Okinawa, Japan, (2) Hokkaido, Japan, (3) Honshu and Kyushu, Japan and mainland Asia, and (4) Europe, Tunisia, and North America. Some patterns of geographic variation observed for mtDNA (for example, the distinctiveness of gypsy moths from Hokkaido, Japan) coincide with those observed by Goldschmidt from analyses of morphology, life history, and intersexuality. Other patterns (relative sequence homogeneity across Asia, Honshu, and Kyushu and reduced levels of variation in mainland Japan) do not, (C) 2000 Academic Press.
C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   USDA, Beneficial Insectsintro Res, Newark, DE 19713 USA.
RP Bogdanowicz, SM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
NR 26
TC 29
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1055-7903
J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL
JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 15
IS 3
BP 487
EP 495
DI 10.1006/mpev.1999.0744
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
   Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
   Heredity
GA 328KM
UT WOS:000087850100014
PM 10860656
ER

PT J
AU Samuels, GJ
   Pardo-Schultheiss, R
   Hebbar, KP
   Lumsden, RD
   Bastos, CN
   Costa, JC
   Bezerra, JL
AF Samuels, GJ
   Pardo-Schultheiss, R
   Hebbar, KP
   Lumsden, RD
   Bastos, CN
   Costa, JC
   Bezerra, JL
TI Trichoderma stromaticum sp nov., a parasite of the cacao witches broom
   pathogen
SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID GENUS TRICHODERMA; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCES; REVISION; VIRIDE
AB A new species. Trichoderma stromaticum, was isolated from 'witches' broom' of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in Brazil caused by Crinipellis perniciosa. The Trichoderma was reported earlier as T. viride and T. polysporum. Trichoderma stromaticum reduced new inoculum through the suppression of basidioma formation. it is characterised by having conidia that slowly become yellow-green in agar culture and by stout, 'Pachybasium-like'. phialides formed on the surface of stromatic structures. The closest relations of T. stromaticum are T. harzianum and T. virens.
C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   CEPLAC, SUPOR, BR-66635110 Belem, Para, Brazil.
   CEPLAC, CEPEC, Secao Fitopatol, BR-45600000 Itabuna, BA, Brazil.
RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Room 304,B-011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RI Bezerra, Jose /E-9428-2017
NR 22
TC 56
Z9 67
U1 1
U2 5
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0953-7562
J9 MYCOL RES
JI Mycol. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 104
BP 760
EP 764
DI 10.1017/S0953756299001938
PN 6
PG 5
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 335DE
UT WOS:000088227200022
ER

PT J
AU McHugh, TH
AF McHugh, TH
TI Protein-lipid interactions in edible films and coatings
SO NAHRUNG-FOOD
LA English
DT Review
ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; WHEY-PROTEIN; EMULSION FILMS; INTERFACIAL
   INTERACTIONS; BARRIER PROPERTIES; RESISTANCE; STABILITY; PH
AB Proteins and lipids are capable of interacting in a many different ways to form effective edible films and coatings. Combinations of proteins and lipids function in a variety of colloidal systems such as emulsions and microemulsions. Edible films and coatings can be formed from both of these starting systems. In addition, laminant films can be developed by overlaying proteins and lipids. Covalent bonding of lipids to proteins through lipophilization offers unique opportunities for film formation with improved properties. This manuscript reviews recent research on film formation and properties of each of these film types and discusses their relative advantages and disadvantages. Applications of protein-lipid films to food systems are examined. Promising areas for future research are identified.
C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
RP McHugh, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
NR 33
TC 32
Z9 36
U1 3
U2 18
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0027-769X
J9 NAHRUNG
JI Nahr.-Food
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 44
IS 3
BP 148
EP 151
DI 10.1002/1521-3803(20000501)44:3<148::AID-FOOD148>3.0.CO;2-P
PG 4
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 327BJ
UT WOS:000087772800002
PM 10907233
ER

PT J
AU Mancini, F
   McHugh, TH
AF Mancini, F
   McHugh, TH
TI Fruit-alginate interactions in novel restructured products
SO NAHRUNG-FOOD
LA English
DT Review
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; GELS; PECTINS;
   TEXTURIZATION
AB Novel, healthy, value-added restructured fruit products meet consumer demand for an improved diet containing increasing amounts of fruit. As primary ingredients, fruit purees promise to provide new outlets for visually imperfect fruit or fruit that is too small for the flesh or canned markets. Generally these new product forms require a texturizing agent such as alginate to control the functional properties of the final restructured fruit products. Traditional alginate and pectin gel systems are reviewed in this manuscript as are mixed gel systems. Recent research results describing the production and properties of novel restructured products containing high-guluronic alginate and peach puree without any additional calcium or sugar source are reviewed. Effects of fruit/alginate interactions on gel formation conditions and texture profile results are evaluated.
C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
   Univ Perugia, Inst Ind Agr, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
RP McHugh, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
NR 48
TC 28
Z9 31
U1 3
U2 10
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0027-769X
J9 NAHRUNG
JI Nahr.-Food
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 44
IS 3
BP 152
EP 157
DI 10.1002/1521-3803(20000501)44:3<152::AID-FOOD152>3.0.CO;2-8
PG 6
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 327BJ
UT WOS:000087772800003
PM 10907234
ER

PT J
AU Lamikanra, O
   Watson, MA
AF Lamikanra, O
   Watson, MA
TI Cantaloupe melon peroxidase: Characterization and effects of additives
   on activity
SO NAHRUNG-FOOD
LA English
DT Article
ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA L; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE;
   ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; PROCESSED FRUITS; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; OXIDATIVE
   STRESS; VEGETABLES; INACTIVATION; MECHANISM
AB Peroxidase in cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.), a fruit commonly fresh cut processed, was characterized to determine reaction pathway, optimal conditions for activity and effect of some additives on enzymatic action. Mn2+, CaCl2, NaNO2 and kinetin had partial inhibitory effects on enzyme activity. Activity was effectively inhibited by compounds capable of chelating peroxidase heme iron such as diethyldithiocarbamate and tiron, but unaffected by EDTA. Free radical scavenger, superoxide dismutase, also had no effect on reaction velocity. Enzymatic action was consistent with that of ascorbate peroxidase based on the relatively higher affinity for ascorbate over guaiacol. Optimum activity temperature was 50-55 degrees C. The enzyme was stable at temperatures below 40 degrees C and at 50 degrees C for up to 10 min. Over 90% of total activity was lost at 80 degrees C within 5 min. Broad pH optima, 5.5-7.5 at 50 degrees C and 6-7 at 30 degrees C, were obtained. Peroxidase activity in cantaloupe was higher than those in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), suggesting a relatively high oxidative stress in fresh cut cantaloupe. The potential use of ascorbate as an additive in fresh cut cantaloupe melon was demonstrated by its ability to preserve color in minimally processed fruits for 25 days at 4 degrees C, possibly as a result of an enhanced antioxidative action of the ascorbate-peroxidase complex and trace metal ion cofactors.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA.
RP Lamikanra, O (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA.
NR 60
TC 25
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0027-769X
J9 NAHRUNG
JI Nahr.-Food
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 44
IS 3
BP 168
EP 172
DI 10.1002/1521-3803(20000501)44:3<168::AID-FOOD168>3.0.CO;2-H
PG 5
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 327BJ
UT WOS:000087772800006
PM 10907237
ER

PT J
AU Kramer, KJ
   Morgan, TD
   Throne, JE
   Dowell, FE
   Bailey, M
   Howard, JA
AF Kramer, KJ
   Morgan, TD
   Throne, JE
   Dowell, FE
   Bailey, M
   Howard, JA
TI Transgenic avidin maize is resistant to storage insect pests
SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE genetic engineering; insect biology; stored grain; insect resistance;
   corn; host plant resistance; biotin; transgenic plants
ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; STORED-CORN; BIOTIN; INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA;
   PROTEINS; FARM; BOSTRICHIDAE; SPECTROSCOPY; REPRODUCTION
AB Avidin is a glycoprotein found in chicken egg white, that sequesters the vitamin biotin. Here we show that when present in maize at levels of greater than or equal to 100 p.p.m., avidin is toxic to and prevents development of insects that damage grains during storage. Insect toxicity is caused by a biotin deficiency, as shown by prevention of toxicity with biotin supplementation. The avidin maize is not, however, toxic to mice when administered as the sole component of their diet for 21 days, These dates suggest that avidin expression in food or feed grain crops can be used as a biopesticide against a spectrum of stored-produce insect pests.
C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA.
   ProdiGene Inc, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
RP Kramer, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA.
EM kramer@usgmrl.ksu.edu
NR 50
TC 76
Z9 81
U1 1
U2 3
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1087-0156
J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL
JI Nat. Biotechnol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 18
IS 6
BP 670
EP 674
DI 10.1038/76531
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 325EK
UT WOS:000087663200030
PM 10835608
ER

PT J
AU Lodge, DJ
AF Lodge, DJ
TI Ecto- or arbuscular mycorrhizas - which are best?
SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ROOT-SYSTEM; FUNGI; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL; SUCCESSION
C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA.
RP Lodge, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA.
EM djlodge@coqui.net
NR 14
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0028-646X
J9 NEW PHYTOL
JI New Phytol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 146
IS 3
BP 353
EP 354
DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00668.x
PG 2
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 336KF
UT WOS:000088299900001
ER

PT J
AU Bull, EL
   Heater, TW
AF Bull, EL
   Heater, TW
TI Resting and denning sites of American martens in northeastern Oregon
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ACTIVITY PATTERNS; PINE MARTENS
AB Resting and denning sites of the American marten (Martes americana) are important habitat components because they provide protection from predators, inclement weather, and thermal stress. Resting sites (n = 1184) used by 35 radiocollared martens were in trees with natural platforms (43%), in trees with cavities (23%), subnivean (under snow) (23%), in hollow logs or slash piles (7%), and underground (3%). Thirty natal and post-natal dens were in trees with cavities (40%), in hollow logs (37%), underground (17%), and in slash piles (6%). Resting and denning sites in cavities and hollow logs were typically large-diameter structures with extensive heartwood decay that had created hollow chambers. The majority of platforms used as resting sites were formed by broom rust (Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli and Melampsorella caryophyllacearum) and dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.). Incorporating habitat needs of martens in forest management practices by retaining coarse woody debris and trees with brooms is one component necessary for maintaining viable populations of the species.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
RP Bull, EL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
NR 22
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 11
PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV
PI PULLMAN
PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SUM
PY 2000
VL 74
IS 3
BP 179
EP 185
PG 7
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 360YV
UT WOS:000089695700001
ER

PT J
AU Bull, EL
AF Bull, EL
TI Seasonal and sexual differences in American marten diet in northeastern
   Oregon
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FOOD-HABITS
AB Information on the diet of the American marten (Martes americana) is vital to understanding habitat requirements of populations of this species. The frequency of occurrence of prey items found in 1014 seat samples associated with 31 radiocollared American martens in northeastern Oregon included: 62.7% vole-sized prey, 28.2% squirrel-sized prey, 22.4% insects, 19.5% birds, 13.3% plant material, and 2.4% lagomorphs. A significantly higher proportion of voles (Microtus spp.), southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), and chipmunks (Tamias spp.) were found in the summer diet compared with the winter, and a higher proportion of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus), unidentified squirrels, bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea), and mountain cottontails (Sylvilagus nuttallii) were found in the winter diet compared with summer. Insects and plant remains represented a higher proportion of the diet in summer than winter. Females preyed on a higher proportion of shrews (Sorex spp.) and chipmunks, while males preyed on a higher proportion of southern red-backed voles.
C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
RP Bull, EL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
NR 25
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 7
PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV
PI PULLMAN
PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SUM
PY 2000
VL 74
IS 3
BP 186
EP 191
PG 6
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 360YV
UT WOS:000089695700002
ER

PT J
AU Rosebrough, RW
AF Rosebrough, RW
TI Dietary protein levels and the responses of broilers to single or
   repeated cycles of fasting and refeeding
SO NUTRITION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE chickens; lipogenesis; dietary protein; feeding regimens
ID BODY-COMPOSITION; INVITRO LIPOGENESIS; HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS; FEEDING
   REGIMENS; LIPID-METABOLISM; GROWTH-HORMONE; ENERGY; CHICKS;
   CARBOHYDRATE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE
AB The present study was designed to study short-term responses accompanying either chronic or acute fasting-refeeding cycles. Seven-day old Shaver broilers were fed diets containing either 120 or 300 g crude protein on either free choice basis or on 7 cycles consisting of 1 day of fasting followed by 2 days of feeding. In addition, birds fed free choice were subjected to the above regimen, but only for one cycle. Birds were bled and killed on day 1, 2 & 3 of the final cycle for each of these experiments. Measurements taken at these intervals included in vitro lipogenesis (IVL), growth and feed consumption, hepatic enzyme activities and plasma triiodothyronine (T-3), and thyroxine (T-4) Birds fed the lower level of crude protein free choice from 7 to 28 d ate less, were smaller and Less efficient in growth. De novo lipogenesis and plasma T-3 were greater and T-4 was less in birds fed the lower protein diet. Birds subjected to repeated fasting-refeeding cycles exhibited striking changes on each day of the cycle. The lowest rate of IVL was noted following a 1 day fast and the greatest after 2 day of refeeding. This pattern was noted in birds fed diets containing either 120 or 300 g crude protein/kg although the responses were exaggerated in birds fed the lower level of protein. Chickens fed a low-protein diet in conjunction with a single fasting-refeeding cycle exhibited responses that were similar to chronic fasting-refeeding. The magnitudes of fasting-refeeding responses were magnified by repeated cycles of fasting-refeeding. Feeding a high level of protein modified some of the effects of a fasting-refeeding cycle. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 29
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0271-5317
J9 NUTR RES
JI Nutr. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 20
IS 6
BP 877
EP 886
DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00167-6
PG 10
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 316XE
UT WOS:000087192700011
ER

PT J
AU Roberts, SB
AF Roberts, SB
TI High-glycemic index foods, hunger, and obesity: Is there a connection?
SO NUTRITION REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID AMYLOSE-AMYLOPECTIN RATIO; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; INSULIN RESPONSES; DIETARY
   FIBER; MACRONUTRIENT INTAKE; APPETITE SENSATIONS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS;
   HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; RESISTANT STARCH; SATIETY
AB The relative importance of different dietary causes of obesity remains controversial. This review examines whether consumption of high-glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates may be a contributing factor Although data from long-term studies are lacking, short-term investigations indicate that consumption of high-GI carbohydrates may increase hunger and promote overeating relative to consumption of items with a lower GI. As longterm research on GI and weight regulation accumulates, consumption of whole grain and lower GI cereals instead of highly refined cereals is a dietary change that may help prevent overeating and is consistent with current dietary guidelines.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 57
TC 172
Z9 174
U1 5
U2 20
PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0029-6643
J9 NUTR REV
JI Nutr. Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 58
IS 6
BP 163
EP 169
PG 7
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 328CD
UT WOS:000087830500001
PM 10885323
ER

PT J
AU Prakash, P
   Krinsky, NI
   Russell, RM
AF Prakash, P
   Krinsky, NI
   Russell, RM
TI Retinoids, carotenoids, and human breast cancer cell cultures: A review
   of differential effects
SO NUTRITION REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR STATUS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; CARCINOMA CELLS;
   BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; 9-CIS-RETINOIC
   ACID; GROWTH-INHIBITION; ALPHA EXPRESSION; LINES
AB Cancer of the breast is the most common incident cancer and cause of death from cancer in women. Several epidemiologic studies have reported a significant inverse relationship between the intake of vitamin A and/or provitamin A-rich foods and the incidence of certain cancers, including breast cancer. A large number of studies have been conducted to determine the effect of retinoids (aii-trans-retinoic acid, in particular), and to a lesser extent of carotenoids, on breast cancer using cell culture models. In general, the results of these studies demonstrate beneficial effects of ali-trans-retinoic acid on different breast cancer cells. This review compares studies conducted in different laboratories using retinoids and carotenoids as treatments for breast cancer cells and suggests what may be the underlying reasons for the differential effects of these compounds on the same cell lines.
C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Prakash, P (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 45
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 2
PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0029-6643
J9 NUTR REV
JI Nutr. Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 58
IS 6
BP 170
EP 176
PG 7
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 328CD
UT WOS:000087830500002
PM 10885324
ER

PT J
AU Tornes, LA
   Miller, KE
   Gerken, JC
   Smeck, NE
AF Tornes, LA
   Miller, KE
   Gerken, JC
   Smeck, NE
TI Distribution of soils in Ohio that are described with fractured
   substratums in unconsolidated materials
SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TILL
AB Soil scientists, who systematically made soil surveys of Ohio, compiled the first comprehensive inventory of fractures in unconsolidated parent materials, or C horizons, of soils. Fractures have been documented in the C horizon of 95 soil series extending across 55 Ohio counties. A variety of terms were used to describe these nearly vertical fractures in otherwise massive materials. By convention, structural units are considered a product of soil-forming processes and the use of structural unit terminology has been Limited to the solum consisting of O, A, E, and B master horizons and transitional horizons like AB, BE and BC horizons. Thus, terms used to describe soil structure have not been applied to the C horizon, even though the faces of prismatic structural units in the lower part of the B horizon commonly show continuity with fractures in the C horizon. Fractures have been identified in unconsolidated soil parent materials with textures of loam, silt loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay and clay, Clay films and carbonate coatings on fracture planes in the C horizon of soils indicate that water moves into and through these fractures, Fractures in the C horizon of soils also affect air movement and plant root extension into C horizons.
C1 Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Soil & Water Conservat, Columbus, OH 43224 USA.
   USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Columbus, OH 43215 USA.
   Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Tornes, LA (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Soil & Water Conservat, Fountain Sq, Columbus, OH 43224 USA.
NR 13
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE
PI COLUMBUS
PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA
SN 0030-0950
J9 OHIO J SCI
JI Ohio J. Sci.
PD JUN-SEP
PY 2000
VL 100
IS 3-4
BP 56
EP 62
PG 7
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 386YT
UT WOS:000166093900004
ER

PT J
AU Allred, BJ
AF Allred, BJ
TI Survey of fractured glacial till geotechnical characteristics: Hydraulic
   conductivity, consolidation, and shear strength
SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; CLAY; SOIL; APERTURE
AB A literature survey was conducted and fracture influences on engineering behavior of glacial till are summarized, specifically with regard to saturated hydraulic conductivity, consolidation potential, and shear strength. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is increased by fractures, in some cases by two or more orders of magnitude. This in turn results in larger values for the coefficient of consolidation, c(v), governing the rate of consolidation. A larger c(v), corresponds to faster settlement, Modest increases in total settlement occur only if fractures are open. Fractures also have the overall effect of reducing sheer strength. Upon removal of surface material by excavation or erosion, stress release and water infiltration lead to further decreases in shear strength. This strength loss process, called softening, is due mostly to a decrease in effective cohesion and usually takes years to complete. Once failure occurs, there is another substantial drop in shear strength to a residual value. This residual strength is a result of realignment of particles along the failure plane during shear, which decreases the effective angle of internal friction. The fracture impact magnitude on glacial till saturated hydraulic conductivity, consolidation potential, and shear strength is determined largely by aperture and spacing characteristics. As the number and/or size of fractures increase, changes in these geotechnical properties become more pronounced.
C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
NR 37
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 6
PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE
PI COLUMBUS
PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA
SN 0030-0950
J9 OHIO J SCI
JI Ohio J. Sci.
PD JUN-SEP
PY 2000
VL 100
IS 3-4
BP 63
EP 72
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 386YT
UT WOS:000166093900005
ER

PT J
AU Fausey, NR
   Hall, GF
   Bigham, JM
   Allred, BJ
   Christy, AD
AF Fausey, NR
   Hall, GF
   Bigham, JM
   Allred, BJ
   Christy, AD
TI Properties of the fractured glacial till at the Madison County, Ohio,
   Field Workshop Pit Site
SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB Water and contaminants obviously do move through the so-called impermeable glacial tills in Ohio. This study was conducted to illustrate the extensive presence of fractures in the till and to quantify the differences in hydraulic conductivity and physical and chemical properties between the fracture-affected zones and the till matrix. In situ measurements of the saturated hydraulic conductivity were made in small boreholes positioned either in the matrix or intersecting the fractures. Soil samples from both the fracture faces and the matrix were analyzed for particle size distribution, clay mineralogy, calcite, dolomite, and. iron content. Hydraulic conductivity measured in boreholes intersecting fractures was 1.25 x 10(-5) cm/sec (0.018 in/hr), one order of magnitude greater than in boreholes in the matrix. Particle size distribution was the same for the fracture faces and the matrix. The fracture faces showed no significant change in total clay content and a slight increase in expandable clay. Calcite content was 62% greater, dolomite content was 6% lower, and iron content was 73% lower on the fracture faces as compared to the matrix. The fractures affected approximately 7% of the soil volume.
C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Fausey, NR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
NR 18
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 4
PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE
PI COLUMBUS
PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA
SN 0030-0950
J9 OHIO J SCI
JI Ohio J. Sci.
PD JUN-SEP
PY 2000
VL 100
IS 3-4
BP 107
EP 112
PG 6
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 386YT
UT WOS:000166093900010
ER

PT J
AU Barta, JR
   Tennyson, SA
   Schito, ML
   Danforth, HD
   Martin, DS
AF Barta, JR
   Tennyson, SA
   Schito, ML
   Danforth, HD
   Martin, DS
TI Partial characterization of a non-proteinaceous, low molecular weight
   antigen of Eimeria tenella
SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM SPOROZOITES; NEUTRALIZATION-SENSITIVE EPITOPES;
   TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; HYBRIDOMA ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INFECTION;
   ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; GEL
AB A low molecular weight (LMW) antigen of Eimeria tenella, initially identified using a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb C(3)4F(1)) raised against E. tenella sporozoites, was partially characterized using enzymatic degradation, solvent extraction, and immunization into various inbred lines of mice. The LMW antigen could be isolated using Folch extraction (methanol/chloroform/water) and the epitope recognized by mAb C(3)4F(1) was resistant to degradation by alpha-amylase, pronase, and proteinase K, but was sensitive to sodium m-periodate treatment or digestion using mixed glycosidases (from Turbo cornutus). These observations suggest that the antigenic epitope recognized by mAb C3(4)F(1) is carbohydrate-dependent and, based on our ability to isolate the LMW antigen by Folch extraction, the epitope probably resides on a polar glycolipid. The inability of sporozoite-immunized nude mice to elicit a serum antibody response to this molecule indicates that it acts as a T-dependent antigen. Furthermore, sporozoite-immunized male CBA/N mice (with an X-linked immunodeficiency) also failed to elicit a serum antibody response to this molecule, which is consistent with a carbohydrate antigenic epitope. We propose that this antigenic molecule be designated ET-GL1 to reflect its origin and probable structure (E. tenella glycolipid 1).
C1 Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
   NIAID, Immunobiol Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Barta, JR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
OI Barta, John/0000-0001-6896-2271
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0044-3255
J9 PARASITOL RES
JI Parasitol. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 86
IS 6
BP 461
EP 466
DI 10.1007/s004360050694
PG 6
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 329AT
UT WOS:000087884500004
PM 10894471
ER

PT J
AU Shew, SB
   Beckett, PR
   Keshen, TH
   Jahoor, F
   Jaksic, T
AF Shew, SB
   Beckett, PR
   Keshen, TH
   Jahoor, F
   Jaksic, T
TI Validation of a [C-13]bicarbonate tracer technique to measure neonatal
   energy expenditure
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; PROTEIN-METABOLISM; CO2 PRODUCTION; INFANTS;
   CHILDREN; (CO2)-C-13; RECOVERY; DILUTION
AB The use of a stable isotope-labeled [C-13]bicarbonate infusion to measure energy expenditure is advantageous, as a complete collection of expired air is not required. This technique allows for facile measurements of energy expenditure in intubated neonates. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of energy expenditure estimates in postsurgical neonates by using the [C-13]bicarbonate method compared with the current standard, indirect calorimetry. Eight neonates who were receiving total parenteral nutrition [98 +/- 21 (SD) kcal.kg(-1).d(-1); 3.1 +/- 0.7 (SD) protein g.kg(-1).d(-1)] were studied on postoperative d 15.5 +/- 11.9. A primed continuous 3-h intravenous infusion of (NaHCO3)-C-13 and indirect calorimetry were performed simultaneously. Energy expenditure was calculated separately from the Weir equation and from the dilution of (CO2)-C-13 in the breath in combination with the individual energy equivalents of CO2 from the diet. The rate of CO2 appearance and energy expenditure calculated from the bicarbonate method (0.725 +/- 0.021 mol.kg(-1).d(-1); 89.5 +/- 2.5 kcal.kg(-1).d(-1)) highly correlated (r = 0.94 and 0.98, respectively) with the CO2 excretion and energy expenditure determined by indirect calorimetry (0.489 +/- 0.016 mol.kg(-1).d(-1); 60.2 +/- 2.0 kcal.kg(-1).d(-1)) when analyzed nonproportionately to weight. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated the 95% confidence interval to be +/- 8.2 kcal.kg(-1).d(-1). Linear regression analysis revealed a highly statistically significant equation relating the two energy expenditures:
   Indircal (kcal/d)= - 9.341 + [0.705 x Bicarb (dcal/d)];
   p < 0.001, r(2) = 96.4%.
   We conclude that energy expenditure in neonates can be accurately determined using the [C-13]bicarbonate method and a regression equation. Therefore, the bicarbonate method may be useful for determining energy expenditure in neonates not readily accessible to indirect calorimetry, such as those being mechanically ventilated or on extracorporeal life support.
C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Jaksic, T (reprint author), 300 Longwood,Fegan Bldg, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
NR 22
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 47
IS 6
BP 787
EP 791
DI 10.1203/00006450-200006000-00018
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 315RW
UT WOS:000087127600017
PM 10832739
ER

PT J
AU Ahluwalia, IB
   Tessaro, I
   Grummer-Strawn, LM
   MacGowan, C
   Benton-Davis, S
AF Ahluwalia, IB
   Tessaro, I
   Grummer-Strawn, LM
   MacGowan, C
   Benton-Davis, S
TI Georgia's breastfeeding promotion program for low-income women
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE breastfeeding; evaluation; the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program;
   for Women, Infants, and Children
ID HEALTH; DURATION; INFANTS; ILLNESS; BLACK; LIFE
AB Objective. Beginning in 1990, Georgia's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) initiated 5 new strategies to promote breastfeeding among its pregnant and postpartum clients. These strategies were implemented in 1991, each to be provided as an addition to its standard program of counseling on breastfeeding and distributing appropriate literature: 1) enhanced breastfeeding education, 2) breast pump loans, 3) hospital-based programs, 4) peer counseling, and 5) community coalitions. The enhanced breastfeeding education strategy provides access to a hotline as well as periodic training of staff, and the breast pump loan provides free breast pumps to mothers who want to use them. The hospital-based strategy provides bedside support and counseling to women who have just given birth and includes staff training, as well as a hotline number for women to call after they leave the hospital. The peer-counseling strategy focuses on identifying former WIC participants who have successfully breastfed their infants; these women are recruited to provide support and encouragement to current WIC participants. Finally, the community coalitions approach is designed to identify existing community attitudes about breastfeeding, establish plans to address gaps in breastfeeding services, to develop resource guides on breastfeeding for the community, and to advocate at the community level to support breastfeeding women. The objective of our research was to evaluate the impact of breastfeeding promotion strategies on breastfeeding initiation among WIC participants in Georgia.
   Methods. Using data from the Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS) for 1992-1996, we examined breastfeeding initiation rate during this period and compared rates among 6 different intervention strategies. Also, we used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) to assess breastfeeding initiation and duration among WIC enrollees. We conducted 13 focus groups to understand the experiences of program participants. Ten focus groups were conducted with women who were breastfeeding their infants, 3 each with women from the community coalitions, hospital-based programs, and standard education programs, and 1 with women from the breast pump loan program. Three focus groups were conducted with women who were feeding their infants formula.
   Results. PNSS data show that breastfeeding initiation increased in the Georgia WIC program from 31.6% in 1992 to 39.5% in 1996. PRAMS data confirmed the increase in breastfeeding initiation from 33.6% (standard error [SE]: 2.2) in 1993 to 42.1% (SE: 2.4) in 1996 among WIC participants. Both datasets (PRAMS and PNSS) showed breastfeeding initiation to be well below the year 2000 goal of 75%. Overall, PRAMS data show a high breastfeeding initiation among non-WIC participants (range: 64.7% [SE: 2.2]) for 1994 to 70.1% (SE: 2.2) in 1996. The percent change between 1993 and 1996 was 8% for non-WIC participants, and it was 25% for the WIC participants among those responding to the PRAMS questionnaire. Data from PRAMS indicated no statistical change in the percentage of WIC enrollees who breastfed their infants for 8 weeks or more; this estimate was 18.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.9-21.8) in 1993 and 19.4% (95% CI: 15.7-23.2) in 1996, well below the Healthy People 2000 objective of 50% at 6 months.
   According to PNSS data, the largest increases in breastfeeding initiation for 1992 to 1996 were among younger women (less than or equal to 19 and 20-24 years old), those with no college (less than high school and high school only), unmarried, and black women (see Table 1). The smallest increases during this period were among older women (30+), those with more than a high school education, and women who were white, Hispanic, or from other ethnic or racial groups. The PRAMS data (1993-1996) generally display similar results, but the pattern by marital status demonstrated larger increases for married women than for unmarried women.
   Most programs demonstrated an increase in the breastfeeding initiation from 1992 to 1996. The breast pump loan program had the highest initiation rate (55.6%) in 1992, and the hospital-based program had the highest initiation rate (52.2%) in 1996. In 1996, 4 of the 6 strategies had an initiation rate over 40%. Women in the hospital-based program had a larger change in breastfeeding initiation (75%) than did women in the other 5 programs (see Table 2). The breast pump loan program was the only 1 of the 6 programs associated with a decrease (11.2%), but this group had the highest rate in 1992 (55.6%) and one of the highest rates in 1996 (49.4%).
   Focus group interviewees said they benefited from breastfeeding promotion services and the assistance provided by lactation consultants. Very few participants said that they did not want to breastfeed, most recognized the benefits of breastfeeding, but many could not overcome the barriers they experienced. Focus group participants also described receiving inconsistent advice from WIC staff, their own pediatricians, or other health personnel. Many women believed they lacked important information, such as how and when to introduce supplements, what they themselves should be eating while lactating, and the effects of specific foods on the infant.
   It seems that interventions by the Georgia WIC program to promote breastfeeding among low-income women have been successful, as seen by the increases in breastfeeding initiation. The best of the expanded breastfeeding promotion programs seem to be the ones that go beyond the standard education strategies and individualize education and support services, to the extent possible, offered through the interventions.
   Conclusions. Enhanced programs seem to be more successful at getting low-income women, participating in the WIC program, to start breastfeeding their infants. Women value the professional advice about breastfeeding and need support to initiate and continue breastfeeding their infants. Evaluation of WIC breastfeeding promotion efforts can provide insights about programs that are successful.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
   Georgia Dept Hlth, Special Supplemental Nutr Program Women Infants &, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Food Serv, Supplemental Nutr Program, USDA, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Nutr Serv, Supplemental Nutr Program, USDA, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
NR 26
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 3
U2 10
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 105
IS 6
BP art. no.
EP e85
DI 10.1542/peds.105.6.e85
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 321EA
UT WOS:000087441400014
PM 10835098
ER

PT J
AU Hansen, JD
   Sell, CR
   Moffit, HR
   Leesch, JG
   Hartsell, PL
AF Hansen, JD
   Sell, CR
   Moffit, HR
   Leesch, JG
   Hartsell, PL
TI Residues in apples and sweet cherries after methyl bromide fumigation
SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE methyl bromide; residue; apple; cherry; quarantine; fumigation; Malus
   domestica; Prunus avium
ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; NECTARINE CULTIVARS;
   TORTRICIDAE; EFFICACY
AB Methyl bromide fumigations are used to treat apples, Malus domestica Borkh, and sweet cherries, Prunus avium (L), before export to Japan. In order to expand existing markets, additional cultivars are being prepared for export to Japan. As part of the approval process, residue analyses must be conducted and residues must be at acceptable levels. Five apple cultivars ('Braeburn,) (Fuji,' 'Gala,' 'Jonagold,' and 'Granny Smith') were fumigated at 40gm(-3) for 2h at 10 degrees C, and six sweet cherry cultivars ('Brooks,) 'Garnet,' 'Lapin,' 'Rainier,' 'Sweetheart,' and 'Tulare' were fumigated for 2h with 64g m(-3) at 6 degrees C, 38 g m(-3) at 12 degrees C, 30g m(-3) at 17 degrees C, and 32 g m(-3) at 22 degrees C. Three replicates of fruit from each fumigation were analyzed for methyl bromide and bromide ion residues periodically with time. Methyl bromide residues for both apples and cherries were the highest immediately after fumigation, but rapidly declined so that only 'Braeburn' had residues >8 mu gkg(-1) after 13 days and, except for 'Lapin,' all cherries were <1 mu gkg(-1) after seven days. Average bromide ion residues were between 3.3 and 4.9mgkg(-1) among apple cultivars, and between 3.7 and 8.0 mu gkg(-1) among cherry cultivars. Published in 2000 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 USDA ARS, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
   USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA.
RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, YARL, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA.
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 1526-498X
J9 PEST MANAG SCI
JI Pest Manag. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 56
IS 6
BP 555
EP 559
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1526-4998(200006)56:6<555::AID-PS167>3.0.CO;2-E
PG 5
WC Agronomy; Entomology
SC Agriculture; Entomology
GA 316CV
UT WOS:000087150600008
ER

PT J
AU Dyer, AT
   Leonard, KJ
AF Dyer, AT
   Leonard, KJ
TI Contamination, error, and nonspecific molecular tools
SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID MARKERS; PATHOGENICITY; APHANOMYCES
AB Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) are widely used in studies of genetic variation. Although it is recognized that contamination should be avoided in DNA samples, little is known about the potential hazards of low level bacterial contamination of samples from which DNA is extracted for RAPD or AFLP analyses. We found that contamination of Aphanomyces cochlioides cultures with a prokaryote at visibly undetectable levels markedly altered the results of RAPD and AFLP analyses. The contamination resulted in seven contaminant-specific RAPD products and in the suppression of eight products characteristic of uncontaminated A. cochlioides cultures. Prokaryote contamination resulted in 39 contaminant-specific AFLP products, but did not cause suppression of AFLP products. Comparing A. cochlioides samples with outgroup A. eutelches did not clearly indicate the presence of contaminant DNA, because uneven product suppression in RAPD analysis increased the apparent similarity between contaminated samples and A. eutelches and because a high proportion of the contaminant-specific amplified products comigrated with products from A. euteiches in both RAPD and AFLP analyses. Work with organisms that are prone to contamination should employ techniques such as restriction fragment length polymorphism or DNA sequence comparisons rather than relying solely on RAPD or AFLP analyses.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Dyer, AT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
NR 9
TC 20
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0031-949X
J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY
JI Phytopathology
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 90
IS 6
BP 565
EP 567
DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.6.565
PG 3
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 316HJ
UT WOS:000087161300002
PM 18944535
ER

PT J
AU Hsu, HT
   Barzuna, L
   Hsu, YH
   Bliss, W
   Perry, KL
AF Hsu, HT
   Barzuna, L
   Hsu, YH
   Bliss, W
   Perry, KL
TI Identification and subgrouping of Cucumber mosaic virus with mouse
   monoclonal antibodies
SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WILT VIRUS; RNA; HYBRIDIZATION; STRAINS; CMV
AB Using a mixture of isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from subgroups I and II as immunogens, 20 mouse hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies were produced. A reliable method for efficient detection and accurate subgrouping of CMV isolates has been developed. Tests with 12 well-characterized strains of CMV and other cucumoviruses demonstrated the presence of epitopes that were virus and subgroup specific. Analyses of 109 accessions of CMV isolates collected from various parts of the world revealed 70% were subgroup I, with 20% identified as subgroup II. Seven isolates (6%) did not react with group-specific antibodies but did react with antibodies that recognized all CMV isolates. Differential reactions among isolates suggested a total of 10 epitopes were recognized. The antigenic diversity among subgroup II CMVs was greater than for the subgroup I isolates, even though fewer subgroup II isolates were tested.
C1 USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Inst Agr Sci, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
   Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN 46514 USA.
   Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Hsu, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 31
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0031-949X
J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY
JI Phytopathology
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 90
IS 6
BP 615
EP 620
DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.6.615
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 316HJ
UT WOS:000087161300008
PM 18944541
ER

PT J
AU Xu, SJ
   Joppa, LR
AF Xu, SJ
   Joppa, LR
TI Hexaploid triticales from hybrids of 'Langdon' durum D-genome
   substitutions with 'Gazelle' rye
SO PLANT BREEDING
LA English
DT Article
DE Secale cereale; Triticum durum; D-genome; meiotic stability;
   substitution; triticale
ID AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; BREAD WHEAT; CHROMOSOMES; INHERITANCE; AESTIVUM;
   QUALITY; GENE
AB The formation of unreduced gametes in some hybrids between disomic D-genome substitutions (DS) of durum wheat cv. 'Langdon' and rye provides a convenient approach for the rapid introduction of D-genome chromosomes into hexaploid triticale. Meiotic pairing at metaphase I and seed fertility in spontaneous and colchicine-induced amphidiploids derived from F-1 hybrids between a set of 'langdon' DS and 'Gazelle' rye were analysed. The purpose was to determine the effects of the substitution of D-genome chromosomes for their A- and B-genome homoeologues on hexaploid triticale and to select stable disomic D-genome substitutions of hexaploid triticale. The results showed that the disomic substitutions with D-genome slightly increased the frequency of univalents (1.0-3.13) compared with the 'Langdon' control primary hexaploid triticale (0.76). Substitutions 2D(2A) and 3D(3B) were partly desynaptic. The substitutions 1D(1A), 1D(1B) and 7D(7B) exhibited high seed fertility but the others had decreased fertility. Except for 2D(2A), 5D(5A), 3D(3B) and 5D(5B), 10 of the 14 possible hexaploid triticale D-genome disomic substitutions have been obtained. The results suggest that the poor compensation ability of some D-genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A- and B-genome chromosomes is a major factor affecting meiotic stability and fertility in the hexaploid triticale D-genome substitutions.
C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.
RP Xu, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0179-9541
J9 PLANT BREEDING
JI Plant Breed.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 119
IS 3
BP 223
EP 226
DI 10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00487.x
PG 4
WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences
GA 326PC
UT WOS:000087743100007
ER

PT J
AU Xu, SJ
   Joppa, LR
AF Xu, SJ
   Joppa, LR
TI First-division restitution in hybrids of Langdon durum disomic
   substitution lines with rye and Aegilops squarrosa
SO PLANT BREEDING
LA English
DT Article
DE Aegilops squarrosa; durum wheat; first-division restitution; rye;
   unreduced gamete
ID TETRAPLOID WHEAT; MECHANISMS; FERTILITY; GENOME
AB Durum wheat 'Langdon' (LDN) caused a high frequency of first-division restitution (FDR) and partial fertility in hybrids with rye, Secale cereale L., and Aegilops squarrosa L. In order to determine the genetic control of FDR, a complete set of 14 Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines (LDN DS) was crossed with 'Gazelle' rye and one accession (RL5286) of A. squarrosa. The microsporogenesis and fertility of the hybrids were studied. The results showed that most of the hybrids expressed a high frequency of FDR and partial fertility. However, the hybrids of 2D(2A), 4D(4A), 5D(5B) and 6D(6B) crossed with both rye and A. squarrosa, as well as 1D(1A) with A. squarrosa, had either little or no FDR and were completely sterile. These hybrids had different types of first meiotic divisions compared with LDN control hybrids. The hybrids with 2D(2A), 4D(4A) and 6D(6B) had a high frequency of random segregation of chromosomes at the first division. The hybrids with 5D(SB), as expected, showed high homoeologous pairing. The hybrid of 1D(1A) with A. squarrosa had a high frequency of equational division at first division. These results suggest that the reduced or absent FDR in such hybrids might be related to the substitution of chromosomes with an FDR gene and poor compensation ability of the D-genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A- or B-genome chromosomes. Cytological analysis suggested that chromosome 4A in LDN most likely carries a gene for high frequency of FDR in hybrids. In addition, some monads were observed at the end of meiosis in the hybrids of 3D(3A) and 6D(6A) crossed with rye. They were formed from FDR cells that failed to divide at second division, suggesting that the LDN 3A and 6A chromosomes might carry genes for normal second division of FDR cells in the rye crosses.
C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.
RP Xu, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
NR 24
TC 43
Z9 47
U1 1
U2 5
PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0179-9541
J9 PLANT BREEDING
JI Plant Breed.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 119
IS 3
BP 233
EP 241
DI 10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00472.x
PG 9
WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences
GA 326PC
UT WOS:000087743100009
ER

PT J
AU Booker, FL
AF Booker, FL
TI Influence of carbon dioxide enrichment, ozone and nitrogen fertilization
   on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf and root composition
SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE CO2; cotton; lignin; N; O-3; non-structural carbohydrates; phenolics;
   proanthocyanidins; starch; tannins
ID FIELD-GROWN COTTON; ELEVATED CO2; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CONDENSED
   TANNIN; RISING CO2; LEAVES; NUTRIENT; DECOMPOSITION; QUALITY; PLANTS
AB The objective of this study was to test whether elevated [CO2], [O-3] and nitrogen (N) fertility altered leaf mass per area (LMPA), non-structural carbohydrate (TNC), N, lignin (LTGA) and proanthocyanidin (PA) concentrations in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves and roots. Cotton was gown in 14 dm(3) pots with either sufficient (0.8 g N dm(-3)) or deficient (0.4 and 0.2 g N dm(-3)) N fertilization, and treated in open-top chambers with either ambient or elevated (+ 175 and + 350 mu mol mol(-1)) [CO2] in combination with either charcoal-filtered air (CF) or non-filtered air plus 1.5 times ambient [O-3], At about 50 d after planting, LMPA, starch and PA concentrations in canopy leaves were as much as 51-72% higher in plants treated with elevated [CO2] compared with plants treated with ambient [CO2], whereas leaf N concentration was 29% lower in elevated [CO2]-treated plants compared with controls. None of the treatments had a major effect on LTGA concentrations on a TNC-free mass basis. LMPA and starch levels were up to 48% lower in plants treated with elevated [O-3] and ambient [CO2] compared with CF controls, although the elevated [O-3] effect was diminished when plants were treated concurrently with elevated [CO2]. On a total mass basis, leaf N and PA concentrations were higher in samples treated with elevated [O-3] in ambient [CO2], but the difference was much reduced by elevated [CO2]. On a TNC-free basis, however, elevated [O-3] had little effect on tissue N and PA concentrations. Fertilization treatments resulted in higher PA and lower N concentrations in tissues from the deficient N fertility treatments. The experiment showed that suppression by elevated [O-3] of LMPA and starch was largely prevented by elevated [CO2], and that interpretation of [CO2] and [O-3] effects should include comparisons on a TNC-free basis. Overall, the experiment indicated that allocation to starch and PA may be related to how environmental factors affect source-sink relationships in plants, although the effects of elevated [O-3] on secondary metabolites differed in this respect.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA.
RP Booker, FL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA.
EM fbooker@mindspring.com
NR 46
TC 30
Z9 38
U1 4
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0140-7791
EI 1365-3040
J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON
JI Plant Cell Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 23
IS 6
BP 573
EP 583
DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00576.x
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 328YK
UT WOS:000087879200004
ER

PT J
AU Kaeppler, HF
   Menon, GK
   Skadsen, RW
   Nuutila, AM
   Carlson, AR
AF Kaeppler, HF
   Menon, GK
   Skadsen, RW
   Nuutila, AM
   Carlson, AR
TI Transgenic oat plants via visual selection of cells expressing green
   fluorescent protein
SO PLANT CELL REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
DE genetic engineering; green fluorescent protein; oat; transformation
ID SCREENABLE MARKER; GENE-EXPRESSION; CODON USAGE; TRANSFORMATION; BARLEY;
   GFP; BOMBARDMENT; MAIZE
AB New selectable markers and selection systems are needed to increase the efficiency and flexibility of plant transformation. The objective of this research was to determine if the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene could be utilized as a visual selectable marker for transformation of oat (Avena sativa L.). A modified gfp gene was delivered into oat cells by microprojectile bombardment. Cell clusters expressing gfp were visually identified using fluorescence microscopy and physically isolated at each subculture. Eleven independent transgenic cell lines were obtained, and fertile plants regenerated from all lines. Transgene integration and expression were confirmed in transgenic plants and progeny. Transgene expression segregated in a 3:1 ratio in progeny of the majority of the transgenic lines.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Novartis Seeds Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
   VTT Biotechnol & Food Res, FIN-02044 Vtt, Finland.
RP Kaeppler, HF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
NR 34
TC 40
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0721-7714
J9 PLANT CELL REP
JI Plant Cell Reports
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 7
BP 661
EP 666
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 333XT
UT WOS:000088156600004
ER

PT J
AU Hong, SB
   Tucker, ML
AF Hong, SB
   Tucker, ML
TI Molecular characterization of a tomato polygalacturonase gene abundantly
   expressed in the upper third of pistils from opened and unopened flowers
SO PLANT CELL REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
DE pistil; polygalacturonase; tomato; gene
ID ABSCISSION; EXPLANTS; FRUIT; LEAF
AB A polygalacturonase (PG) gene, TPG7 (Lyces;Pgal;8), has been cloned from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Rutgers). RNA blot analysis reveals that TPG7 is highly expressed in pistils (ovary removed) from unopened and fully open flowers. Dissection of mature pistils demonstrated that TPG7 expression is limited to the top third (stigmatic region) of the pistils. This is contrasted with another tomato PG, TAPG4, which is also expressed in the same region of the pistil but only in mature pistils from fully open flowers. Hybridization of the TPG7 probe to anther RNA was nil to none and was barely detectable in RNA from leaf and newer abscission zones. The TPG7 polypeptide shares 39% sequence identity with the tomato fruit PG and between 63% and 73% sequence identities with six other tomato PGs.
C1 ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Tucker, ML (reprint author), ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Bldg 006,Rm 207,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0721-7714
J9 PLANT CELL REP
JI Plant Cell Reports
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 7
BP 680
EP 683
PG 4
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 333XT
UT WOS:000088156600007
ER

PT J
AU Pennycooke, JC
   Towill, LE
AF Pennycooke, JC
   Towill, LE
TI Cryopreservation of shoot tips from in vitro plants of sweet potato
   [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] by vitrification
SO PLANT CELL REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
DE shoot tips; cryopreservation; vitrification; sweet potato [Ipomoea
   batatas (L) Lam.]
ID GROWN APICAL MERISTEMS; EMBRYOGENIC TISSUE; DEHYDRATION; SINENSIS;
   SUCROSE
AB Routine cryopreservation of shoot tips from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] has been hampered by their survival variability after cryogenic exposure. We examined the effects of light conditions on stock plants, sucrose preculture and cryoprotectant loading on survival after vitrification using PVS2 solution. The survival of vitrified sweet potato shoot tips cooled to approximately -208 degrees C was increased by preculturing with 0.3 M sucrose for 24 h at 22 degrees C. Survival was also enhanced by excising shoot tips immediately after the 8-h dark photoperiod. The best survival after cryogenic exposure was obtained using 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose for 1 h at 22 degrees C followed by dehydration with PVS2 for 16 min at 22 degrees C. Rapid cooling was used and achieved by the immersion of foil strips into partially solidified nitrogen. Successfully vitrified and warmed shoot tips directly developed shoots on a medium containing 1 mu M NAA, 0.5 mu M BA and 0.1 mu M kinetin with only minimum callus formation. Shoot formation occurred in all surviving shoot tips. This procedure shows promise for cryopreserving sweet potato shoot tips.
C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
   Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Towill, LE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
NR 17
TC 56
Z9 78
U1 0
U2 7
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0721-7714
J9 PLANT CELL REP
JI Plant Cell Reports
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 7
BP 733
EP 737
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 333XT
UT WOS:000088156600015
ER

PT J
AU He, CX
   Li, WB
   Ayres, AJ
   Hartung, JS
   Miranda, VS
   Teixeira, DC
AF He, CX
   Li, WB
   Ayres, AJ
   Hartung, JS
   Miranda, VS
   Teixeira, DC
TI Distribution of Xylella fastidiosa in citrus rootstocks and transmission
   of citrus variegated chlorosis between sweet orange plants through
   natural root grafts
SO PLANT DISEASE
LA English
DT Article
DE citrus; plant-pathogenic bacteria; xylem; xylem-inhabiting bacteria
ID LIMITED BACTERIUM; AXENIC CULTURE; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS;
   BRAZIL; PEACH
AB To study translocation of Xylella fastidiosa to citrus rootstocks, budsticks from citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC)-affected cv. Pera sweet orange (Citrus sinenesis (L.) Osb.) were top grafted on 15 citrus rootstocks. Disease symptoms were conspicuous 3 months later on all 15 rootstocks tested. The presence of X. fastidiosa was confirmed by light microscopy, double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and polymerase chain reaction in rootlets and main roots of CVC-symptomatic Pera sweet orange in 11 of the 15 rootstocks tested. These results suggest that bacterial translocation from the aerial plant parts to the root system occurs but is not essential for X. fastidiosa to induce symptoms in the aerial parts. Bacterial translocation to the roots was not correlated with CVC leaf-symptom severity in the Pera scion. To determine if CVC disease could be transmitted by natural root grafts, two matched seedlings of each of four sweet orange cultivars (Pera, Natal, Valencia, and Caipira) were transplanted into single pots. One seedling rootstock of each pair was inoculated by top grafting with a CVC-contaminated budstick while the other seedling rootstock was cut but not graft inoculated. Transmission of X. fastidiosa from an inoculated plant to a noninoculated plant sharing the same pot was observed in all four sweet orange cultivars tested. Transmission was confirmed by observation of natural roots grafts between the two plants, presence of X. fastidiosa in the root grafts, and disease development in the uninoculated plants. This is the first report of transmission of CVC disease through natural root grafts.
C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   UNESP, Dept Technol, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
   FUNDECITRUS, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RI Teixeira, Diva/N-1394-2013; Teixeira, Diva/R-6629-2016
OI Teixeira, Diva/0000-0002-5801-8049
NR 31
TC 24
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0191-2917
J9 PLANT DIS
JI PLANT DIS.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 84
IS 6
BP 622
EP 626
DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.6.622
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 316HK
UT WOS:000087161400004
ER

PT J
AU Marin, DH
   Barker, KR
   Kaplan, DT
   Sutton, TB
   Opperman, CH
AF Marin, DH
   Barker, KR
   Kaplan, DT
   Sutton, TB
   Opperman, CH
TI Development and evaluation of a standard method for screening for
   resistance to Radopholus similis in bananas
SO PLANT DISEASE
LA English
DT Article
DE Cavendish; Musa AAA; nematode resistance
ID REPRODUCTIVE FITNESS; CV POYO; PATHOGENICITY; MUSA
AB The description and evaluation of a standard assay method for screening for resistance of bananas to the burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) under greenhouse conditions is presented. Seven banana genotypes, ranging from susceptible to resistant, were used to evaluate the method. Banana plants from tissue culture, grown in 0.4-liter Styrofoam cups containing sterilized sand as substrate, were maintained in the greenhouse for 4 weeks before inoculation. Two hundred burrowing nematodes, reared in monoxenic carrot-disk culture, were used as inoculum for each container. Plants were kept in the greenhouse for an additional 8 weeks at about 27 degrees C and 80% relative humidity after inoculation. Burrowing nematodes reproduced well in the susceptible cultivars False Horn, Grande Naine, Valery, and Lacatan, whereas the reproductive fitness was very low in the resistant cultivars Pisang Jari Buaya and Yangambi. An intermediate reaction between these two groups was observed with Pisang mas. A similar trend was obtained in a follow-up field test, which indicated that the method is accurate and reliable. Assessments of total-root necrosis associated with this pathogen were also comparable between greenhouse and field conditions. However, nematode effects on the roots were more severe in the greenhouse test than in the field. In spite of low nematode reproductive fitness, root necrosis was relatively high in the two resistant cultivars tested in the greenhouse trial.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   ARS, USDA, Maitland, FL 32951 USA.
RP Marin, DH (reprint author), DelMonte Corp, POB 4084-100, San Jose, Costa Rica.
NR 30
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0191-2917
J9 PLANT DIS
JI PLANT DIS.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 84
IS 6
BP 689
EP 693
DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.6.689
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 316HK
UT WOS:000087161400017
ER

PT J
AU Koch, JR
   Creelman, RA
   Eshita, SM
   Seskar, M
   Mullet, JE
   Davis, KR
AF Koch, JR
   Creelman, RA
   Eshita, SM
   Seskar, M
   Mullet, JE
   Davis, KR
TI Ozone sensitivity in hybrid poplar correlates with insensitivity to both
   salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. The role of programmed cell death in
   lesion formation
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION;
   ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; FOREST DECLINE; TOBACCO PLANTS; GENE; ACCUMULATION;
   EXPRESSION; RESPONSES
AB Our earlier studies demonstrated that the ozone-sensitive hybrid poplar clone NE-388 displays an attenuated level of ozone-, wound-, and phytopathogen-induced defense gene expression. To determine if this reduced gene activation involves signal transduction pathways dependent on salicylic acid (SA) and/or jasmonic acid (JA), we compared the responses of NE-388 and an ozone-tolerant clone, NE-245, to these signal molecules. JA levels increased in both clones in response to ozone, but only minimal increases in SA levels were measured for either clone. Treatment with SA and methyl jasmonate induced defense gene expression only in NE-245, indicating that NE-388 is insensitive to these signal molecules. DNA fragmentation, an indicator of programmed cell death (PCD), was detected in NE-245 treated with either ozone or an avirulent phytopathogen, but was not detected in NE-388. We conclude that these clones undergo two distinct mechanisms of ozone-induced lesion formation. In NE-388, lesions appear to be due to toxic cell death resulting from a limited ability to perceive and subsequently activate SA- and/or JA-mediated antioxidant defense responses. Ln NE-245, SA-dependent PCD precedes lesion formation via a process related to the PCD pathway activated by phytopathogenic bacteria. These results support the hypothesis that ozone triggers a hypersensitive response.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   Ohio State Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Crop Biotechnol Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
RP Davis, KR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
OI Davis, Keith/0000-0002-7432-8610
NR 36
TC 74
Z9 82
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 123
IS 2
BP 487
EP 496
DI 10.1104/pp.123.2.487
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 325FX
UT WOS:000087666500008
PM 10859179
ER

PT J
AU Burke, JJ
   O'Mahony, PJ
   Oliver, MJ
AF Burke, JJ
   O'Mahony, PJ
   Oliver, MJ
TI Isolation of arabidopsis mutants lacking components of acquired
   thermotolerance
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; ENHANCED THERMAL TOLERANCE; MESSENGER-RNA;
   DEFICIENT; LIGHT; DESTABILIZATION; COMPLEMENTS; EXPRESSION; SEEDLINGS;
   BARLEY
AB Acquired thermotolerance is a complex physiological phenomenon that enables plants to survive normally lethal temperatures. This study characterizes the temperature :sensitivity of Arabidopsis using a chlorophyll accumulation bioassay, describes a procedure for selection of acquired thermotolerance mutants, and provides the physiological characterization of one mutant (AtTS02) isolated by this procedure. Exposure of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings to 48 degrees C or 50 degrees C for 30 min blocks subsequent chlorophyll accumulation and is eventually lethal. Arabidopsis seedlings can be protected against the effects of a 50 degrees C, 30-min challenge by a 4-h pre-incubation at 38 degrees C. By the use of the milder challenge, 44 degrees C for 30 min, and protective pretreatment, mutants lacking components of the acquired thermotolerance system were isolated. Putative mutants isolated by this procedure exhibited chlorophyll accumulation levels (our measure of acquired thermotolerance) ranging from 10% to 98% of control seedling levels following pre-incubation at 38 degrees C and challenge at 50 degrees C. The induction temperatures for maximum acquired thermotolerance prior to a high temperature challenge were the same in AtTS02 and RLD seedlings, although the absolute level of chlorophyll accumulation was reduced in the mutant. Genetic analysis showed that the loss of acquired thermotolerance in AtTS02 was a recessive trait. The pattern of proteins synthesized at 25 degrees C and 38 degrees C in the RLD and AtTS02 revealed the reduction in the level of a 27-kD heat shock protein in AtTS02. Genetic analysis showed that the reduction of this protein level was correlated with the acquired thermotolerance phenotype.
C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA.
RP Burke, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Res Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA.
EM jburke@Ibk.ars.usda.gov
NR 30
TC 41
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 123
IS 2
BP 575
EP 587
DI 10.1104/pp.123.2.575
PG 13
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 325FX
UT WOS:000087666500016
PM 10859187
ER

PT J
AU Tam, YY
   Epstein, E
   Normanly, J
AF Tam, YY
   Epstein, E
   Normanly, J
TI Characterization of auxin conjugates in arabidopsis. Low steady-state
   levels of indole-9-acetyl-aspartate indole-3-acetyl-glutamate, and
   indole-3-acetyl-glucose
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INDOLEACETIC-ACID; METABOLISM; THALIANA; MUTANTS; PLANTS;
   IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANT; MUTATION; GROWTH; GENE
AB Amide-linked indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugates constitute approximately 90% of the IAA pool in the dicot Arabidopsis, whereas ester-linked conjugates and free IAA account for approximately 10% and 1%, respectively when whole seedlings are measured. We show here that IAA-aspartate Asp, IAA-glutamate (Glu), and IAA-glucose (Glc) are present at low levels in Arabidopsis. Nine-day-old wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings yielded 17.4 +/- 4.6 ng g(-1) fresh weight IAA-Asp and 3.5 +/- 1.6 ng g(-1) fresh weight IAA-Glu, and IAA-Glc was present at 7 to 17 ng g(-1) fresh weight in 12-d-old wild-type seedlings. Total IAA content in 9-d-old Arabidopsis seedlings was 1,200 +/- 178 ng g(-1) fresh weight, so these three IAA conjugates together made up only 3% of the conjugate pool throughout the whole plant. We detected less than wild-type levels of IAA-Asp and IAA-Glu (7.8 +/- 0.4 ng g(-1) fresh weight and 1.8 +/- 0.3 ng g(-1) fresh weight, respectively) in an Arabidopsis mutant that accumulates conjugated IAA. Our results are consistent with IAA-Asp, IAA-Glu, and IAA-Glc being either minor, transient, or specifically localized IAA metabolites under normal growth conditions and bring into question the physiological relevance of IAA-Asp accumulation in response to high concentrations of exogenous IAA.
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   USDA ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Normanly, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
NR 34
TC 76
Z9 81
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 123
IS 2
BP 589
EP 595
DI 10.1104/pp.123.2.589
PG 7
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 325FX
UT WOS:000087666500017
PM 10859188
ER

PT J
AU Romagni, JG
   Duke, SO
   Dayan, FE
AF Romagni, JG
   Duke, SO
   Dayan, FE
TI Inhibition of plant asparagine synthetase-by monoterpene cineoles
   (Retracted Article. See vol 137, pg 1487, 2005)
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Retracted Publication
ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CINMETHYLIN; HERBICIDES; CONSTITUENTS; ACTIVATION;
   EXPRESSION; GROWTH; LEAVES; OIL
AB Asparagine (Asn) synthetase (AS) is the key enzyme in Asn biosynthesis and plays an important role in nitrogen mobilization. Despite its important physiological function, little research has been done documenting inhibitors of plant AS. Plant growth inhibition caused by the natural monoterpene 1,4-cineole and its structurally related herbicide cinmethylin was reversed 65% and 55%, respectively, by providing 100 mu M Asn exogenously. Reversion of the phytotoxic effect was dependent on the concentration of Asn. The presence of either 1,4-cineole or cinmethylin stimulated root uptake of [(14)C]Asn by lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedlings. Although the physiological responses suggested that both compounds affected Asn biosynthesis, biochemical analysis of AS activity showed that the natural monoterpene was a potent inhibitor (I(50) = approximately 0.5 mu M) of the enzyme, whereas the commercial product was not inhibitory up to levels of 10 mM. Analysis of the putative metabolite, 2-hydroxy-1,4-cineole, showed that the cis-enantiomer was much more active than the trans-enantiomer, suggesting that the hydroxyl group was involved in the specific ligand/active site interaction. This is the first report that AS is a suitable herbicide target site, and that cinmethylin is apparently a proherbicide that requires metabolic bioactivation via cleavage of the benzyl-ether side chain.
C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA.
RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA.
EM fdayan@ag.gov
RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009
OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499
NR 43
TC 53
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 123
IS 2
BP 725
EP 732
DI 10.1104/pp.123.2.725
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 325FX
UT WOS:000087666500031
PM 10859202
ER

PT J
AU Johnston, ML
   Miernyk, JA
   Randall, DD
AF Johnston, ML
   Miernyk, JA
   Randall, DD
TI Import, processing, and assembly of the alpha- and beta-subunits of
   chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase
SO PLANTA
LA English
DT Article
DE chloroplast; Pisum; precursor; processing; transit peptide
ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; PRECURSOR PROTEINS; COMPLEX; ARABIDOPSIS;
   PURIFICATION; NUCLEOTIDE; CLEAVAGE; CLONING
AB Sequence comparisons were used to identify cDNAs potentially encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase. Coupled in-vitro transcription plus translation was used to synthesize radiolabeled pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha- and beta-subunit precursor proteins, When the precursors were incubated with intact pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedling chloroplasts in the presence of ATP, they were imported and proteolytically processed. In contrast, there was no import or processing of the precursors by isolated, intact pea seedling mitochondria. Monospecific antibodies to the recombinant pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-subunit were additionally able to co-precipitate radiolabeled pyruvate dehydrogenase beta-subunit, indicating association between subunits after import and processing. Furthermore, size-exclusion chromatography was used to identify an alpha beta heterodimer that is an intermediate in the assembly of the native alpha 2 beta 2 heterotetrameric enzyme.
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Randall, DD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0032-0935
J9 PLANTA
JI Planta
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 211
IS 1
BP 72
EP 76
DI 10.1007/s004250000261
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 333XQ
UT WOS:000088156400008
PM 10923705
ER

PT J
AU Sowunmi, S
   Ebewele, RO
   Peters, O
   Conner, AH
AF Sowunmi, S
   Ebewele, RO
   Peters, O
   Conner, AH
TI Differential scanning calorimetry of hydrolysed mangrove tannin
SO POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE tannin hydrolysis; initial reactivity; premature gelation
ID CHEMISTRY; ADHESIVES; PLYWOOD; WOOD
AB Mangrove-bark-tannin adhesives are potential substitutes for phenol-formaldehyde (PF) wood-bonding adhesives which are derived from petroleum, a finite natural resource. However, mangrove-bark-tannin adhesive exhibits poor adhesive properties, including brittleness, poor wet strength, and poor wood penetration. These shortcomings are due to its high reactivity and structural features. To reduce these shortcomings, the structure of the adhesive was modified by subjecting tannin to (a) caustic hydrolysis and (b) consecutive acetic anhydride and caustic hydrolysis, The effectiveness of these hydrolyses was determined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to monitor the reaction and cure characteristics of hydrolysed and unhydrolysed tannin with formaldehyde. These hydrolyses resulted in lowering both the activation energy and collision frequency of the cure reaction. Consequently, the initial reactivity of tannin towards paraformaldehyde, which was usually very high, was reduced. The resulting longer reaction time enhanced the extent of reaction, as was evident in the increase in heat of reaction of the hydrolysed tannin. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.
C1 Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Zaria, Nigeria.
   Univ Benin, Dept Chem Engn, Benin City, Nigeria.
   Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Chem, Zaria, Nigeria.
   Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Sowunmi, S (reprint author), Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Zaria, Nigeria.
NR 11
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 6
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 0959-8103
J9 POLYM INT
JI Polym. Int.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 49
IS 6
BP 574
EP 578
DI 10.1002/1097-0126(200006)49:6<574::AID-PI409>3.3.CO;2-C
PG 5
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 320UM
UT WOS:000087418800015
ER

PT J
AU Hagenmaier, RD
AF Hagenmaier, RD
TI Evaluation of a polyethylene-candelilla coating for 'Valencia' oranges
SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE oranges; flavor; coatings; wax; shelf life
ID CITRUS-FRUIT; STORAGE; FLAVOR
AB An experimental polyethylene-candelilla-wax coating formulation was evaluated in comparison to a high-gloss, shellac and wood resin citrus coating for storage of 'Valencia' oranges at 15-25 degrees C. Oranges with the wax coating had relatively high flavor scores (8.9-10.4) even after 9-16 days storage at 15-25 degrees C. By contrast, the high-gloss coating, shown to be typical of such citrus coatings, resulted in flavor scores as low as 3.7-4.1 after 9-16 days at 25 degrees C or 16 days at 21 degrees C. Flavor was especially low for fruit with internal O-2 < 1%. Flavor tended to decrease almost linearly with increasing ethanol content, which in turn was highly dependent on internal CO2. Oranges with the shellac and wood resin coating temporarily had better gloss than fruit with the wax coatings, but this advantage may lost after 8 days storage at 15-25 degrees C. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, S Atlantic Area, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA.
RP Hagenmaier, RD (reprint author), ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, S Atlantic Area, POB 1909, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA.
NR 14
TC 33
Z9 35
U1 2
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-5214
J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC
JI Postharvest Biol. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 2
BP 147
EP 154
DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00087-9
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 319BL
UT WOS:000087319100005
ER

PT J
AU Mullins, ED
   McCollum, TG
   McDonald, RE
AF Mullins, ED
   McCollum, TG
   McDonald, RE
TI Consequences on ethylene metabolism of inactivating the ethylene
   receptor sites in diseased non-climacteric fruit
SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ethylene; ethylene binding protein; grapefruit; Penicillium digitatum;
   1-methylcyclopropene
ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE;
   ACC SYNTHASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; TOMATO; ACID;
   1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; GRAPEFRUIT
AB Penicillium digitatum-infected grapefruit synthesize large quantities of the stress hormone ethylene. The compound 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) inhibits the binding of ethylene to the ethylene receptor site, the ethylene binding protein (EBP). Treating infected fruit with 1-MCP prevented infection-induced degreening, such that fumigated fruit retained their green immature color compared to yellow non-fumigated controls. However, 1-MCP treatment significantly increased whole fruit ethylene production. In flavedo tissue of infected non-1-MCP treated fruit, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase transcript accumulation, ACC synthase (ACS) enzyme activity, ACC and ethylene synthesis were all significantly higher +5 mm ahead of the lesion front than in uninfected non-1-MCP treated controls, but decreased significantly with increased sampling distance away from the lesion. 1-MCP treatment increased ethylene production in infected fruit at all three sampling distances compared to the non-fumigated samples. Even in the absence of infection, 1-MCP treatment resulted in increased ethylene synthesis. The results suggest that, in the presence of a pathogenic stress, blocking the EBPs prevented regulatory control of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway that resulted in an uninhibited expression of the ACS stress-associated genes, increased ACS activity and elevated ACC accumulation and ethylene production. Blocking of the EBPs with 1-MCP did not affect progression of the pathogen through the fruit. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA.
RP Mullins, ED (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA.
OI Mullins, Ewen/0000-0003-3005-4264
NR 41
TC 67
Z9 80
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-5214
J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC
JI Postharvest Biol. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 19
IS 2
BP 155
EP 164
DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00077-6
PG 10
WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 319BL
UT WOS:000087319100006
ER

PT J
AU Craven, SE
AF Craven, SE
TI Colonization of the intestinal tract by Clostridium perfringens and
   fecal shedding in diet-stressed and unstressed broiler chickens
SO POULTRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Clostridium perfringens; broiler chicken; intestine; rye
ID NECROTIC ENTERITIS; ANIMALS
AB Commercial broiler chicks were given a three-strain composite of bacitracin-resistant Clostridium perfringens by oral gavage and were sampled periodically to determine the dynamics of C. perfringens colonization of the intestinal tract of broiler chickens and fecal shedding. After gavage, the chicks were divided into two groups and placed in isolators, one group received a traditional corn-based diet, and the other group received the same diet supplemented with 50% rye to place the birds under dietary stress. The numbers of bacitracin-resistant C. per fringens in various parts of the intestinal tract, liver, and feces were determined using a selective plating medium containing bacitracin.
   In chickens on the corn-based or 50% rye diet, C. per fringens was isolated infrequently from the various parts of the intestinal tract, liver, or fecal droppings during the first 36 h following the last gavage. For the 24 chickens on each of the two diets that were sampled from 2 to 21 d after gavage, C. perfringens was recovered more frequently from the crop, proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ceca, and feces, but not the gizzard, of birds on the 50% rye diet as compared to those on the corn-based diet. From 2 to 21 d, the intestinal numbers of C. perfringens in contaminated birds on the corn-based diet were less than or equal to log(10) 6.2 and did not increase in any portion of the intestinal tract. Numbers of C. perfringens during this time period increased 3.3 to 4.9 log factors in the ileum, ceca, and feces of birds on the 50% rye diet to as high as log(10) 7.1 to 7.9 at 21 d. This study confirms that addition of rye to the diet of chickens can increase the numbers of C. perfringens in the ceca of broiler chickens and extends these findings to demonstrate increases in the numbers and frequency of recovery of C. perfringens in other parts of the intestinal tract.
C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
RP Craven, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
NR 20
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 2
PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0032-5791
J9 POULTRY SCI
JI Poult. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 79
IS 6
BP 843
EP 849
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 318CA
UT WOS:000087265300009
PM 10875766
ER

PT J
AU Wu, YJ
   Wright, JT
   Young, CR
   Cartwright, AL
AF Wu, YJ
   Wright, JT
   Young, CR
   Cartwright, AL
TI Inhibition of chicken adipocyte differentiation by in vitro exposure to
   monoclonal antibodies against embryonic chicken adipocyte plasma
   membranes
SO POULTRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE antibody; cytotoxicity; differentiation; adipocyte; fat
ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE CELLULARITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; BODY-WEIGHT; CELLS; LEPTIN;
   GROWTH; FAT; PREADIPOCYTES; ADIPOGENESIS; SPECIFICITY
AB Specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against adipocyte precursor antigens were developed. These MAb identified adipocyte precursors and reduced their prominence in primary stromal-vascular (SV) cultures by complement-mediated cytotoxicity or by inhibition of differentiation. Binding of antibodies to chicken adipocyte precursors was confirmed by immunofluorescence visual examination following secondary exposure to fluorescein isothiocynanate-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. Cross-reaction of MAb with muscle, kidney, liver, fibroblasts, and other cell types not containing lipid droplets was not observed in primary cultures. Adipocyte precursors were obtained from 18-d chick embryo adipose tissue by collagenase digestion to investigate complement-mediated cytotoxicity of preadipocytes. Cultures were maintained in Medium 199 with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 4 d. Subsequently, Medium 199 supplemented with 10% chicken serum initiated adipocyte differentiation. At Day 5 postinoculation, individual or combinations of MAb were administered to preadipocyte cultures; rabbit complement was added 30 min later. After 1 d of incubation, four of the six individual MAb with complement significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of fat cell clusters that developed by 40 to 60%. These MAb in the presence of complement also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mean cell width and apparent cell area or cell cluster area of lipid-containing cells. Neither MAb nor complement alone reduced fat cell cluster number, cell size, or cluster size. Treatment with pools of two and four MAb decreased the total amount of MAb protein required to reduce fat cell cluster number. Four antibodies, alone or in combination, reduced fat cell cluster development in a complement-dependent manner.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Georgia SW State Univ, Dept Biol, Americus, GA 31709 USA.
   USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
RP Cartwright, AL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NR 40
TC 11
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0032-5791
J9 POULTRY SCI
JI Poult. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 79
IS 6
BP 892
EP 900
PG 9
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 318CA
UT WOS:000087265300016
PM 10875773
ER

PT J
AU Young, LL
   Buhr, RJ
AF Young, LL
   Buhr, RJ
TI Effect of electrical stimulation and polyphosphate marination on drip
   from early-harvested, individually quick-frozen chicken breast fillets
SO POULTRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE marination; chicken fillet; polyphosphate; electrical stimulation; drip
ID MEAT; QUALITY; COLOR; TIME
AB Individual and combined effects of electrical stimulation and polyphosphate marination on drip and other quality attributes of early-harvested, individually quick-frozen chicken breast fillets were evaluated. Broiler chickens were slaughtered, half conventionally processed and half with electrical stimulation. Fillets were harvested 1 h postmortem and marinated in either NaCl solution or NaCl plus polyphosphate solution. Marinade absorption, pH, drip, cooking loss, and shear values were observed. Electrical stimulation had no direct effect on pH, cooking loss, or shear values, whereas polyphosphate increased pH and decreased cooking loss. Polyphosphate treatment caused fillets from unstimulated carcasses to absorb more marinade and yielded more drip that those from stimulated carcasses. Fillets from stimulated carcasses marinated in NaCl solution without polyphosphate yielded less drip than those from unstimulated carcasses. Polyphosphate reduced drip of fillets from unstimulated carcasses but not of those from stimulated carcasses. Results support previous reports indicating interactions between polyphosphates and processing parameters that can affect ultimate quality of poultry meat products.
C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
RP Young, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
NR 10
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 5
PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA
SN 0032-5791
J9 POULTRY SCI
JI Poult. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 79
IS 6
BP 925
EP 927
PG 3
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA 318CA
UT WOS:000087265300021
PM 10875778
ER

PT J
AU Maas, SJ
AF Maas, SJ
TI Linear mixture modeling approach for estimating cotton canopy ground
   cover using satellite multispectral imagery
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRAL-BIOPHYSICAL DATA; MULTISITE ANALYSES; VEGETATION INDEXES; CORN;
   REFLECTANCE; RADIATION; PHYTOMASS
AB Researchers have sought techniques for estimating plant canopy characteristics from remote sensing data that are not site-specific. In this study, a procedure for estimating cotton (Gossypium spp.) canopy ground cover based on a linear mixture modeling approach was tested using Landsat multispectral imagery. Ground cover estimated from scene reflectance in the red and near-infrared wavebands was compared with corresponding field measurement. Statistical analysis of the results suggest that the procedure produced accurate, unbiased estimates of cotton canopy ground cover. The procedure appeared to implicitly compensate for the effects of shadows in the scene. These results agree with the findings of earlier studies and support the proposition that this procedure should be more universally applicable than commonly used empirical curve-fit techniques. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA.
RP Maas, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, 17053 Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA.
NR 18
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 72
IS 3
BP 304
EP 308
DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00104-2
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 313VH
UT WOS:000087019500004
ER

PT J
AU Scowcroft, PG
   Meinzer, FC
   Goldstein, G
   Melcher, PJ
   Jeffrey, J
AF Scowcroft, PG
   Meinzer, FC
   Goldstein, G
   Melcher, PJ
   Jeffrey, J
TI Moderating night radiative cooling reduces frost damage to Metrosideros
   polymorpha seedlings used for forest restoration in Hawaii
SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Acacia koa; El Nino; reforestation; frost injury; nurse tree; tropical
   islands
ID TEMPERATURE; PROTECTION; SPRUCE; FIELD
AB Winter frosts caused by radiative cooling were hypothesized to limit successful reintroduction of Hawaiian plants other than Acacia koa to alien-dominated grasslands above 1700 m elevation. We determined, in the laboratory, the temperature at which irreversible tissue damage occurred to Metrosideros polymorpha leaves. We also conducted a field study of this species to determine if (1) leaf damage was correlated with sub-zero leaf temperatures, (2) radiative cooling could be moderated by canopies of A. koa, and (3) low soil temperatures contributed to seedling damage. The last was evaluated by thermally buffering seedlings with water-filled bladders placed at their base to keep roots warm, or by installing a radiation shield to reduce early morning transpiration when water uptake from cold soils would be least. Leaf temperatures were monitored between midnight and 7:00 a.m. using fine-wire thermocouples, and leaf damage was recorded monthly. In the laboratory, supercooling protected leaves from mild sub-zero temperatures; irreversible tissue damage occurred at about -8 degrees C. In the field, leaf damage was strongly correlated with degree-hours below freezing. Unprotected seedlings suffered the greatest leaf damage. Those sheltered under A. koa trees rarely experienced temperatures below -3 degrees C, and damage was minimal. Shaded and thermally buffered seedlings suffered less damage than unprotected plants, probably due to elevated leaf temperatures rather than improved water relations. Using A. koa or artificial devices to reduce radiative cooling during winter nights should enhance establishment of M. polymorpha in high-elevation rangeland.
C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
   Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96701 USA.
   Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   USDI Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hakalau Forest Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
RP Scowcroft, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012
NR 16
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 8
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC
PI MALDEN
PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
SN 1061-2971
J9 RESTOR ECOL
JI Restor. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 8
IS 2
BP 161
EP 169
DI 10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80023.x
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 319VH
UT WOS:000087363200008
ER

PT J
AU Kingery, WL
   Simpson, AJ
   Hayes, MHB
   Locke, MA
   Hicks, RP
AF Kingery, WL
   Simpson, AJ
   Hayes, MHB
   Locke, MA
   Hicks, RP
TI The application of multidimensional NMR to the study of soil humic
   substances
SO SOIL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE humic substances; multidimensional NMR spectroscopy; molecular
   structures; TOCSY; HMQC
ID MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER
AB Humic substances are the most abundant organic macromolecules in soils, and comprehension of their chemical structure is essential to understanding their role in terrestrial ecosystems. The one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques now used widely to study humic substances have provided important insight into humic structures, but the complexity of these macromolecules gives rise to resonance signals that are broad and have spectral overlap. This has prevented the definitive functional group assignments necessary for structural determination, Hence, interest has focused on more powerful two-dimensional NMR experiments, such as the homonuclear TOtal Correlation SpectroscopY (TOCSY) and Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC), which were employed in the study of a soil humic acid standard. The purpose of this paper is to outline the potential of these techniques to the study of soil humic structures. The 2-D spectra produced were extremely encouraging, with multitudes of cross-peaks produced from both TOCSY and HMQC experiments. The identification of fatty ester/acid chains and amino acid couplings are given as examples. Results obtained with these NMR experiments indicate substantial improvements in functional group assignment capabilities and the potential for marked progress in the determination of the chemical structure of soil humic substances.
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
   Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
   Univ Limerick, Sch Chem & Environm Sci, Limerick, Ireland.
   USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
   Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Kingery, WL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RI Hayes, Michael/C-3463-2011
NR 25
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 3
U2 19
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0038-075X
J9 SOIL SCI
JI Soil Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 165
IS 6
BP 483
EP 494
DI 10.1097/00010694-200006000-00004
PG 12
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 327QH
UT WOS:000087803900004
ER

PT J
AU Bowman, RA
   Nielsen, DC
   Vigil, MF
   Aiken, RM
AF Bowman, RA
   Nielsen, DC
   Vigil, MF
   Aiken, RM
TI Effects of sunflower on soil quality indicators and subsequent wheat
   yield
SO SOIL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE corn; prose millet; tillage; soil organic carbon; erosion
ID ORGANIC-MATTER CHANGES; WINTER-WHEAT; CULTIVATION; ROTATION; SYSTEMS;
   PLAINS; CARBON
AB Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) production has increased in the central Great Plains, but Little is known regarding how this crop will affect surface biomass production, various soil quality indicators, and subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields. We hypothesized that sunflower production was reducing soil quality relative to other summer crops because of the need for tillage to incorporate herbicide, thus reducing surface residue. Our objectives were to quantify on a Weld silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic, Aridic Argiustolls) surface crop residue levels immediately after seeding wheat, subsequent wheat grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic matter-carbon (POM-C), aggregate stability, and texture in 3- or 4-year rotation. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to compare rotations both with and without sunflower. Our data showed 13% lower SOC content and 26% lower POM-C content at the 0- to 5-cm depth in rotations with sunflower versus those without. At the 5- to 15- cm depths, differences were not significant (P < 0.05). Crop residue by mass was 5 times lower and wheat yields 33% lower in rotations with sunflower, but no differences were measured for wind erodible aggregates or texture. Tillage to incorporate herbicides for sunflower and low amounts of residue after sunflower in the 3-year rotation contributed to reduced SOC and POM-C, decreased residue at wheat planting, and reduced wheat yield. If sunflower is to be included in the central Great Plains, efforts should be made to use no-till production practices and 4-year rotations with corn.
C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA.
RP Bowman, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 4335 City Rd, Akron, CO 80720 USA.
RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009
OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183
NR 28
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 4
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0038-075X
J9 SOIL SCI
JI Soil Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 165
IS 6
BP 516
EP 522
DI 10.1097/00010694-200006000-00007
PG 7
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 327QH
UT WOS:000087803900007
ER

PT J
AU Clapp, CE
   Allmaras, RR
   Layese, MF
   Linden, DR
   Dowdy, RH
AF Clapp, CE
   Allmaras, RR
   Layese, MF
   Linden, DR
   Dowdy, RH
TI Soil organic carbon and C-13 abundance as related to tillage, crop
   residue, and nitrogen fertilization under continuous corn management in
   Minnesota
SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE no-tillage; molboard-tillage; chisel-tillage; corn-derived carbon;
   carbon storage
ID MATTER TURNOVER; WHEAT-FALLOW; NO-TILLAGE; DYNAMICS; STORAGE;
   MINERALIZATION; ROTATION; SYSTEMS; DEPTH; YIELD
AB Long-term field experiments are among the best means to predict soil management impacts on soil carbon storage. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and natural abundance C-13 (delta(13)C) were sensitive to tillage, stover harvest, and nitrogen (N) management during 13 years of continuous corn (Zea mays L,), grown on a Haplic Chernozem soil in Minnesota. Contents of SOC in the 0-15 cm layer in the annually-tilled [moldboard (MB) and chisel (CH)] plots decreased slightly with years of corn after a low input mixture of alfalfa (Medicago sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) for pasture; stover harvest had no effect. Storage of SOC in no-till (NT) plots with stover hal vested remained nearly unchanged at 55 Mg ha(-1) with time, while that with stover returned increased about 14%. The measured delta(13)C increased steadily with years of corn cropping in all treatments; the NT with stover return had the highest increase. The N fertilization effects on SOC and delta(13)C were most evident when stover was returned to NT plots. In the 15-30 cm depth, SOC storage decreased and delta(13)C values increased with years of corn cropping under NT, especially when stover was harvested. There was no consistent temporal trend in SOC storage and delta(13)C values in the 15-30 cm depth when plots received annual MB or CH tillage. The amount of available corn residue that was retained in SOC storage was influenced by all three management factors. Corn-derived SOC in the 0-15 cm and the 15-30 cm layers of the NT system combined was largest with 700 kg N ha(-1) and no stover harvest. The MB and CH tillage systems did not influence soil storage of corn-derived SOC in either the 0-15 or 15-30 cm layers. The corn-derived SOC as a fraction of SOC after 13 years fell into three ranges: 0.05 for the NT with stover harvested, 0.15 for the NT with no stover harvest, and 0.09-0.10 for treatments with annual tillage, N rate had no effect on this fraction. Corn-derived SOC expressed as a fraction of C returned was positively biased when C returned in the roots was estimated from recovery of root biomass. The half-life for decomposition of the original or relic SOC was longer when stover was returned, shortened when stover was harvested and N applied, and sharply lengthened when stover was not harvested and N was partially mixed with the stover. Separating SOC storage into relic and current crop sources has significantly improved our understanding of the main and interacting effects of tillage. crop residue, and N fertilization for managing SOC accumulation in soil. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Clapp, CE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
NR 34
TC 151
Z9 153
U1 5
U2 69
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-1987
J9 SOIL TILL RES
JI Soil Tillage Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 55
IS 3-4
BP 127
EP 142
DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00110-0
PG 16
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 336VK
UT WOS:000088323500002
ER

PT J
AU Wuest, SB
   Albrecht, SL
   Skirvin, KW
AF Wuest, SB
   Albrecht, SL
   Skirvin, KW
TI Crop residue position and interference with wheat seedling development
SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE crop residue; seedling establishment; emergence
ID DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE; WINTER-WHEAT; EARLY GROWTH; SOIL; PHYTOTOXICITY;
   GERMINATION; TILLAGE; STUBBLE; ALLELOPATHY; MANAGEMENT
AB Unweathered crop residues can produce growth-inhibiting substances, stimulate pathogen growth, and immobilize nutrients. The location of seed relative to residue may be an important factor in the early health of a crop. This greenhouse study simulated sowing conditions possible under annual dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production to evaluate the likelihood of inhibitory effects. We placed newly harvested, unweathered winter wheat residue on the soil surface, mixed with the seed, immediately above the seed, or 3 cm below the seed. Treatments using a plastic residue substitute and treatments using pasteurized soil and residue provided comparisons to the natural soil and wheat residue. Residue mixed with or placed above the seed caused a temporary delay in emergence. Since this occurred with both wheat and plastic residue, the delay is explained by the physical impedance of coleoptile growth. Wheat residue 3 cm below the seed reduced the height and rate of wheat plant development, indicating a biological inhibitory effect of the wheat residue. This reduction in height and development late at 20 days after planting did not occur when the soil and residue were pasteurized. We conclude that winter wheat seedling growth can be inhibited if roots encounter unweathered residues. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 ARS, USDA, Pacific W Area, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA.
RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pacific W Area, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA.
NR 22
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-1987
J9 SOIL TILL RES
JI Soil Tillage Res.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 55
IS 3-4
BP 175
EP 182
DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00116-1
PG 8
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 336VK
UT WOS:000088323500005
ER

PT J
AU Webster, JA
   Porter, DR
AF Webster, JA
   Porter, DR
TI Reactions of four aphid species on a Russian wheat aphid resistant wheat
SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI L; WINTER-WHEAT; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; INTRINSIC RATE;
   REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; VARIETIES; INCREASE; BIOTYPES
AB Results of independent tests of antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance with four aphid species, Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko); biotype E greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); and yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes), on STARS-9302W and susceptible control 'TAM W-101' confirmed the resistance of STARS-9302W to the Russian wheat aphid, but there were no differences in these resistance mechanisms between STARS-9302W and TAM W-101 when tested with the three other aphid species. Plant resistance index (PRI) values were greatest (16.7) with Russian wheat aphid tested on STARS-9302W, followed by bird cherry-oat aphid (6.8), yellow sugarcane aphid (5.5), and Biotype E greenbug (1.3). Greater PRI values indicate superior resistance levels. Under laboratory conditions, aphid nymphs produced/adult (X +/- SE) on TAM W-101 were greatest with greenbug (74.3 +/- 1.9), followed by Russian wheat aphid (54.1 +/- 5.2), bird cherry-oat aphid (49.4 +/- 2.1), and yellow sugarcane aphid (42.6 +/- 6.9). This is in contrast to previously reported field cage studies where bird cherry-oat aphid was more prolific than greenbug.
C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA.
RP Webster, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA.
NR 26
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI DALLAS
PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA
SN 0147-1724
J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL
JI Southw. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 25
IS 2
BP 83
EP 90
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 344JK
UT WOS:000088755300001
ER

PT J
AU Scott, WP
   Snodgrass, GL
AF Scott, WP
   Snodgrass, GL
TI Response of tarnished plant bugs (Heteroptera : Miridae) to traps baited
   with virgin males or females
SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID HOST PLANTS; HEMIPTERA; LYGUS
AB The response of adult tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), to sticky traps baited with virgin males or females was studied in 1997 and 1998. Traps baited with one, five, or ten virgin females, captured higher numbers of male plant bugs as the number of females used as bait in the traps was increased. Linear regression analyses showed that for every female added as bait in the traps, the mean number of males captured increased by 0.18 while the mean number of females captured increased by 0.05. Traps baited with tell virgin males captured 2- and 4-fold higher numbers of males than unbaited check traps in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Male-baited traps also captured a significantly higher number of females than check traps in 1997, and in 1998 they captured a two-fold higher number of females than the check traps. Female-baited traps did not capture significantly higher numbers of females than were captured in the check traps in either year. These results indicate that the male tarnished plant bug may produce an aggregating pheromone that is attractive to both sexes.
C1 ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
RP Scott, WP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
NR 16
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI DALLAS
PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA
SN 0147-1724
J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL
JI Southw. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 25
IS 2
BP 101
EP 108
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 344JK
UT WOS:000088755300003
ER

PT J
AU Guerrero, FD
   Kunz, SE
AF Guerrero, FD
   Kunz, SE
TI Laboratory rearing conditions select for differences in gene expression
   between laboratory and wild type horn flies
SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS L; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE;
   MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; FLY; ESTERASES; CLONING; KINASES
AB Poly(A) RNA was purified from newly emerged, 3-5-day-old horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), reared under standardized laboratory conditions, a sample of the laboratory strain flies reared on a steer for 3-5 days following emergence, and a mixed-age sample of horn flies collected from cattle at the Camp Cooley ranch in Robertson County, Texas. Differences in gene expression between these four samples were identified by Northern blot analysis of the RNA, probing with gene-specific probes from eight cDNA clones each encoding a unique open reading frame (ORF). One cDNA clone, CCMP41, possessed high sequence homology to a gene encoding an alpha E7 carboxylesterase associated with organophosphate (OP) resistance in Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann). The CCMP41 blot revealed the Camp Cooley field population, which is resistant to OP insecticides, expressed higher levels of the specific alpha E7-like mRNA than the laboratory strain which is susceptible to OPs. Various patterns of gene expression were detected with the other seven cDNA probes. The expression of five mRNAs was much higher in the 3-5-day-old laboratory strain flies fed on an animal compared to flies from the same strain and of the same age but reared in cages on citrated bovine blood. These results indicate that population rearing conditions and history must be considered carefully when conducting comparative studies of gene expression between laboratory-reared and field populations.
C1 ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA.
RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA.
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 3
PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI DALLAS
PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA
SN 0147-1724
J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL
JI Southw. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 25
IS 2
BP 123
EP 129
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 344JK
UT WOS:000088755300006
ER

PT J
AU Mulrooney, JE
   Howard, KD
AF Mulrooney, JE
   Howard, KD
TI Effects of air deflectors on insecticide deposition and efficacy in
   cotton
SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID AERIAL
AB Several aerial application experiments were conducted during the years of 1992 - 1997 to evaluate the insecticide deposition patterns and efficacy obtained with a spray boom equipped with Chimavir air deflectors in comparison to that obtained with a conventional boom. Experiments were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to compare the amounts of bifenthrin deposited on cotton when applied by aircraft using the two types of booms. Bifenthrin residues from leaves, fruiting branches, and main stem sections in the upper part of the cotton plant were assayed using gas chromatography. There were no significant differences in depositions of bifenthrin applied with the conventional boom and the boom with deflectors. In 1996, malathion (1.12 kg[AI]/ha) for control of boll weevils was applied to cotton using both the conventional and air deflector equipped booms, and malathion residues and boll weevil mortalities were measured. The air deflector boom significantly increased deposition on the underside of cotton leaves; however, deposition on the leaf upperside and boll weevil mortality did not differ between booms. In 1997, acephate (1.12 kg[AI]/ha) for control of plant bug populations was applied to cotton using the two types of booms. Reductions of adults and nymphs were not significantly different for applications with the air deflector boom as compared to those with the conventional boom.
C1 ARS, USDA, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
RP Mulrooney, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI DALLAS
PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA
SN 0147-1724
J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL
JI Southw. Entomol.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 25
IS 2
BP 131
EP 137
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 344JK
UT WOS:000088755300007
ER

PT J
AU Kelly, JF
   Finch, DM
   Yong, W
AF Kelly, JF
   Finch, DM
   Yong, W
TI Vegetative associations of wood warblers migrating along the Middle Rio
   Grande Valley, New Mexico
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID HABITAT SELECTION; SPRING MIGRATION; AUTUMN MIGRATION; STOPOVER;
   RAREFACTION; PARULINAE; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; LANDBIRDS; MIGRANTS
AB We examined abundance and richness of wood warblers among vegetation types at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge and the Rio Grande Nature Center in the Middle Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico. Rarefaction analysis indicated that there were marginally significant differences in species richness between sites. In spring, wood-warbler richness was greater at the Bosque del Apache than at the Nature Center. This pattern reflected the greater likelihood of catching uncommon migrants at the Bosque del Apache than at the Nature Center. The same seven species were most common at both sites although their order of abundance differed between sites. Capture rates of these species were greater at the Nature Center than at the Bosque del Apache in the fall, but not during the spring. In general, variation in capture rates among vegetation types was greater in the Bosque del Apache than in the Nature Center. In particular the capture rates in willow were greater than in other vegetative types.
C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015
OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381
NR 28
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 2
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
   TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
EI 1943-6262
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 45
IS 2
BP 159
EP 168
DI 10.2307/3672457
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 338DD
UT WOS:000088402100010
ER

PT J
AU Cardamone, JM
   Turner, JD
AF Cardamone, JM
   Turner, JD
TI Cationic applications for union dyeing wool/cotton blends
SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST & AMERICAN DYESTUFF REPORTER
LA English
DT Article
DE cotton; biguanide; dyeing; union dyeing; wool
AB Wool/cotton blends pretreated with biguanide for union dyeing have poor colorfastness to laundering and wet crocking, this limiting use for outerwear. Wool/cotton blends showed no increase in K/S above 0.266 g biguanide/100 mL. Aftertreating these fabrics with a cationic fixative gave higher K/S va lues for cotton but lower values for wool and for the blends, improved color stability to laundering but lower colorfastness to crocking. Alternatively, fabrics treated with resins and choline chloride and subsequently dyed with neutral metallized dyes produced union and level shades with high K/S values. The colorfastness was excellent for laundering and moderate to good for wet crocking, thus overcoming biguanide limitations.
C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
   Cotton Inc, Raleigh, NC USA.
RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA.
NR 13
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA
SN 1526-2847
J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR AM D
JI Text. Chem. Color Am. Dyest Rep.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 32
IS 6
BP 49
EP 53
PG 5
WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 329DM
UT WOS:000087890900008
ER

PT J
AU Akin, DE
   Dodd, RB
   Perkins, W
   Henriksson, G
   Eriksson, KEL
AF Akin, DE
   Dodd, RB
   Perkins, W
   Henriksson, G
   Eriksson, KEL
TI Spray enzymatic petting: A new method for processing flax fibers
SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID CELL-WALLS; CORTICAL PARENCHYMA; HYPOCOTYL; ENZYMES; CALCIUM; PECTINS
AB The high consumption of flax for linen in the U.S. and the fact that the U.S. does not produce any flax or linen has prompted research into the ultimate goal of re-establishing a fax/linen industry. An improved retting method for flax stems using pectinase-rich mixtures is developed and evaluated on a variety of fiber and seed flax samples. The method, termed spray enzyme retting (SER), is as follows: crimp stems to enhance penetration of enzyme formulations into the stems tissues, add chelators with enzymes in water at pH 5.0 to improve enzyme effectiveness, spray the formulation on crimped stems to soaking, and incubate at high humidity for several hours. Total fiber yield, collected from dried and bench carded SER flax, and fiber strength and micronaire (modified to use 5 g of fiber) are determined and compared for various sample types, forms, and amounts. A test of 19 samples indicates that the liquid : fiber ratio (in ml/g), after subtracting excess run-off of enzyme formulation, is 1.86 +/- 0.5. Total fiber yields an about 25 to 30% of starting crimped weight of fiber flax stems and considerably higher for samples previously dew retted prior to SER. Micronaire values are high (about 7-8) for bench carded samples and lower (about 4 to 5) for the finer proportion from samples cleaned through a Shirley analyzer. Depending on the samples, fiber strengths (Stelometer) an equal to or considerably greater than dew retted "cottonized" flax or typical cotton fibers.
C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
   Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Text Merchandising & Interiors, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Akin, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
RI Henriksson, Gunnar/G-3556-2010
NR 26
TC 55
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 4
PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST
PI PRINCETON
PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA
SN 0040-5175
J9 TEXT RES J
JI Text. Res. J.
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 70
IS 6
BP 486
EP 494
DI 10.1177/004051750007000604
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Textiles
SC Materials Science
GA 318FC
UT WOS:000087272400004
ER

PT J
AU Kraeling, RR
   Barb, CR
   Rampacek, GB
   Thompson, DL
   Gibson, JW
   Sullivan, SA
   Simon, B
   Burns, PJ
AF Kraeling, RR
   Barb, CR
   Rampacek, GB
   Thompson, DL
   Gibson, JW
   Sullivan, SA
   Simon, B
   Burns, PJ
TI Luteinizing hormone response to controlled-release deslorelin in
   estradiol benzoate primed ovariectomized gilts
SO THERIOGENOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE GnRH agonist; LH response; estrogen primed; ovariectomized; gilt
ID INDUCED SURGE; PIGS; LH; SECRETION; PROLACTIN; GNRH; FEEDBACK; SOWS; FSH
AB Development of a controlled release formulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone that would stimulate a LH surge capable of reducing the time span of ovulations would greatly benefit reproductive management because a single timed insemination could be used. A dose-response study was conducted to determine if Deslorelin, a potent gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue, delivered via the SABER system, a biodegradable controlled release system, would stimulate an ovulatory-like LH surge in the pig. Twenty ovariectomized gilts, approximately 200 d old and 100 kg body weight (BW), received estradiol benzoate (15 mu g/kg BW im) and 48 h later, the gilts were given deslorelin at 0, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 or 100.0 mu g im (n = 4 each treatment group). Compared to controls, mean blood deslorelin concentrations were still elevated at 30 h after deslorelin. Mean deslorelin magnitude, area under the curve and duration were sequentially greater (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent sequence. Compared to controls, serum LH concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) for 6 to 12 h after deslorelin. A dose-response relationship was absent for all parameters of LH secretion. Magnitude of the serum LH response was greatest (P < 0.05) in the 12.5 mu g and 50.0 mu g groups, whereas area under the curve was lower (P < 0.05) after 25.0 mu g of deslorelin than after 12.5, 50.0 and 100.0 mu g, which were not different from each other. Thus, no more than 12.5 mu g of deslorelin is necessary to obtain maximum LH release in the model studied and doses less than 12.5 mu g may also be effective. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   So Biosyst Inc, Birmingham, AL 35222 USA.
   Thorn BioSci LLC, Lexington, KY 40515 USA.
RP Kraeling, RR (reprint author), POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA.
NR 20
TC 9
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0093-691X
J9 THERIOGENOLOGY
JI Theriogenology
PD JUN
PY 2000
VL 53
IS 9
BP 1681
EP 1689
DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00307-1
PG 9
WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 345EY
UT WOS:000088803500001
PM 10968414
ER

EF