FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Maas, SJ AF Maas, SJ TI Estimating cotton canopy ground cover from remotely sensed scene reflectance SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-BIOPHYSICAL DATA; MULTISITE ANALYSES; CORN AB Many agricultural applications require spatially distributed information on growth-related crop characteristics that could be supplied through aircraft or satellite remote sensing. A study was conducted to develop and test a methodology for estimating plant canopy ground cover for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from scene reflectance. Previous studies indicated that a relatively simple relationship between ground cover and scene reflectance could be developed based on linear mixture modeling. Theoretical analysis indicated that the effects of shadows in the scene could be compensated for by averaging the results obtained using scene reflectance in the red and near-infrared wavelengths. The methodology was tested using field data collected over several years from cotton test plots in Texas and California. Results of the study appear to verify the utility of this approach. Since the methodology relies on information that can be obtained solely through remote sensing, it would be particularly useful in applications where other field information, such as plant size, row spacing, and row orientation, is unavailable. C1 ARS, USDA, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Maas, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 17053 Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 384 EP 388 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ772 UT WOS:000074765600011 ER PT J AU Wang, ZC Reddy, VR Acock, MC AF Wang, ZC Reddy, VR Acock, MC TI Testing for early photoperiod insensitivity in soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DURATIONS; PHASES AB To accurately model the flowering process in soybean, it is essential to identify photoperiod-sensitive and photoperiod-insensitive phases of development. Despite extensive studies, there remains some disagreement about when soybean plants first become sensitive to photoperiod, The length of the juvenile phase from emergence has been found to differ for the same cultivar, This experiment tested the hypothesis that the early phase in soybean development is truly photo period-independent. Soybean plants [Glycine max (L,) Merr. cv. Hutcheson; Maturity Group V] grown in controlled environments at a constant air temperature of 26 degrees C were transferred from a noninductive 22-h photoperiod to an inductive 8-, 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiod at 2- to 5-d intervals after seedling emergence (defined as the day when the cotyledons appeared above the soil surface), The duration of the so-called juvenile phase was shown to be photoperiod-dependent, the photoperiod effect being nonlinear, Soybean plants became sensitive to an 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14-h photoperiod at -1, 0, 1, and 9 d after seedling emergence, respectively, Based on these and other results, we conclude that there is no juvenile phase in Hutcheson soybean, and that photoperiod sensitivity begins when seedlings are exposed to light, but the rate of progress towards flowering depends on the photoperiod experienced. C1 ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, ZC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 389 EP 392 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ772 UT WOS:000074765600012 ER PT J AU Xu, CG Pierce, FJ AF Xu, CG Pierce, FJ TI Dry bean and soil response to tillage and row spacing SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Specific studies relating tillage system with performance and yield of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L,) are limited. This study examined how tillage and row spacing affect dry bean development, growth, and yield. The study was conducted on a Parkhill loam (fine-loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Mollic Endoaquepts) from 1989 through 1991. Six tillage treatments (moldboard plow, moldboard plow without secondary tillage, chisel plow, ridge till, no-tillage, and no-tillage plus cultivation) and row spacings of 56 and 71 cm were evaluated in a split-plot design.'Mayflower' dry bean followed maize (Zea mays L,) in a maize-dry bean-sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.)-oat (Avena sativa L) rotation. Canopy height, trifoliolate leaf number, leaf area, and total biomass of dry bean were measured at three times in 1990 and four times in 1991, and seed yield was measured at harvest. Soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and saturated conductivity were measured in September of 1989 and 1990. Soil water contents were measured weekly at the 0- to 15-cm, 15- to 30-cm, and 30- to 75-cm depths. In general, there were no interactions between tillage and row spacing over the three years, Dry bean yields in the 56-cm row spacing were 0.3 to 0.6 Mg ha(-1) higher than in the 71-cm row spacing for all three Sears. Tillage had no effect on yield in the dry year of 1989, but no-tillage reduced yields 0.57 and 0.9 Mg ha(-1) in 1990 and 1991 compared with moldboard plowing. Ridge tillage and no-tillage plus cultivation in 1990 and chisel plowing in 1991 also reduced dry bean yields, Tillage affected soil water contents slightly in 1990, but had little effect on soil properties measured in the fall. C1 ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Xu, CG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res, 301 S Howes, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 393 EP 399 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ772 UT WOS:000074765600013 ER PT J AU Batra, SWT AF Batra, SWT TI Hornfaced bees for apple pollination SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Batra, SWT (reprint author), USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 138 IS 5 BP 361 EP + PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM080 UT WOS:000073502700021 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT AF Sterner, RT TI The scientific method - An instructor's flow chart SO AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER LA English DT Article C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSOC BIOLOGY TEACHERS INC PI RESTON PA 11250 ROGER BACON DR #19, RESTON, VA 22090 USA SN 0002-7685 J9 AM BIOL TEACH JI Am. Biol. Teach. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 60 IS 5 BP 374 EP 378 PG 5 WC Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Education & Educational Research GA ZM740 UT WOS:000073571100012 ER PT J AU Gale, HF AF Gale, HF TI Rural manufacturing on the crest of the wave: A count data analysis of technology use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE count data models; Poisson regression; rural manufacturing; technology adoption and diffusion; urbanization ID GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; AGGLOMERATION; INNOVATION AB This study compares the extent of technology use by rural and urban manufacturing plants. Count data regression models explain technology use as a function of rural-urban indicator variables, plant characteristics, and location characteristics. The results show no difference in technology use due to rural-urban location. Characteristics of nonmetro plants, including size, prevalency of branch plants, and nature of production process, tend to raise nonmetro manufacturing technology use. Lower nonmetro schooling levels, an older labor force, and mix of industries with low technology use tend to reduce technology use in nonmetro areas. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Gale, HF (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 80 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.2307/1244507 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 106YK UT WOS:000075178900011 ER PT J AU Variyam, JN Kraybill, DS AF Variyam, JN Kraybill, DS TI Fringe benefits provision by rural small businesses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE employee benefits; firm size; rural development ID FIRMS; WAGE AB We examine the relationship between employer size and the provision of fringe benefits in a large sample of rural businesses. A clear employer size-benefits relationship exists only in the case of health insurance, while other benefits are not strongly linked to employer size. The negative relationship between employer size and health insurance is weaker, though still existent, in businesses whose employees have relatively high skill levels. Single, independent establishments and sole proprietorships are less likely to provide fringe benefits than multiestablishment and corporate firms. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Variyam, JN (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 80 IS 2 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.2307/1244508 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 106YK UT WOS:000075178900012 ER PT J AU Vickner, SS Hoag, DL Frasier, WM Ascough, JC AF Vickner, SS Hoag, DL Frasier, WM Ascough, JC TI A dynamic economic analysis of nitrate leaching in corn production under nonuniform irrigation conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE dynamic optimization; irrigation management; production economics; water quality ID WATER DISTRIBUTION; GROUNDWATER; FERTILIZER; DRAINAGE; UNIFORMITY; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; MODEL AB We develop a dynamic economic model that includes control variables for both nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation water to analyze interseasonal corn production and nitrate leaching in the presence of irrigation system nonuniformity. The economic model is used to estimate profit-maximizing nutrient management plans under varying levels of system uniformity. The model is also used to appraise several policy options that have been proposed in the nitrate leaching literature as a means of regulating water quality. Investments in technology are considered, as well as limits on nitrate leaching, nitrogen fertilizer, and irrigation water. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr Econ, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Vickner, SS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr Econ, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 80 IS 2 BP 397 EP 408 DI 10.2307/1244511 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 106YK UT WOS:000075178900015 ER PT J AU Zimmer, JP Garza, C Heller, ME Butte, N Goldman, AS AF Zimmer, JP Garza, C Heller, ME Butte, N Goldman, AS TI Postpartum maternal blood helper T (CD3(+)CD4(+)) and cytotoxic T (CD3(+)CD8(+)) cells: correlations with iron status, parity, supplement use, and lactation status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lactation; postpartum period; humans; immunology; iron; transferrin saturation; T cell; multivitamin and mineral supplements; iron deficiency; CD3(+)CD4(+) cells; CD3(+)CD8(+) cells; iron status ID LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; NORMAL-PREGNANCY; SUBSETS; WOMEN; MICE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; THYMUS; SPLEEN AB Iron deficiency reduces T cell counts; however, iron sufficiency is difficult to maintain during pregnancy and to reestablish in the early postpartum period. This cross-sectional study examined relations among postpartum maternal iron status, parity, lactation, supplement use, and maternal blood T cell populations. Sixty lactating and 41 nonlactating postpartum (NLPP) women at 1-2 wk and 1, 2, 4, or 8 mo postpartum and 13 nulliparous women were studied. Among multiparous women, multiple linear regression showed that relative percentages and absolute numbers of CD3(+)CD8(+) cells were correlated positively with maternal serum transferrin saturation. In a separate multiple linear regression model, multiparous NLPP women who did not use multivitamin and mineral supplements had lower CD3(+)CD4(+) cell percentages in the first month postpartum than did nulliparous control women. Lactating women who used supplements, however, had reduced CD3(+)CD4(+) percentages 4-8 mo postpartum compared with control women. CD3(+)CD4(+) percentages did not differ among control women, NLPP women who used supplements, or lactating women who did not use them. These results suggest that nutritional factors such as maternal iron status and use of dietary supplements play a role in a mother's postpartum immune status. C1 Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Bassett Healthcare Syst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cooperstown, NY USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Immunol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Garza, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD21049-06] NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 67 IS 5 BP 897 EP 904 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZK981 UT WOS:000073387000014 PM 9583847 ER PT J AU Johnson, PE Hunt, JR AF Johnson, PE Hunt, JR TI Zinc balance in adolescent females SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Area, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Johnson, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Area, Bldg 003,Room 233,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 67 IS 5 BP 948 EP 949 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZK981 UT WOS:000073387000025 PM 9583857 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ AF Wood, RJ TI Zinc balance in adolescent females - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID PHOSPHORUS; CALCIUM; COPPER; ADULT C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 67 IS 5 BP 949 EP 950 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZK981 UT WOS:000073387000027 ER PT J AU Turnlund, JR AF Turnlund, JR TI Human whole-body copper metabolism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Copper Metabolism CY MAR 17-20, 1996 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NIH, Univ Chile HO NIH DE copper; whole-body metabolism; kinetic model; compartmental model; stable isotopes; tracers; absorption ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; COMPARTMENTAL MODEL; DIETARY COPPER; KINETIC-MODEL; YOUNG MEN; ABSORPTION; RETENTION; REQUIREMENTS; NUTRITION; RATS AB Whole-body copper metabolism is difficult to study in human subjects. However, the use of isotopic tracers and kinetics modeling has added a dimension beyond what can be learned in humans by direct measurement. Mechanisms regulating total body copper seem to be strong, given the relatively small and constant body pool, but they are not yet well understood. The efficiency of copper absorption varies greatly, depending on dietary intake. Changes in efficiency of absorption help to regulate the amount of copper retained by the body. In addition, endogenous excretion of copper into the gastrointestinal tract depends heavily on the amount of copper absorbed. When dietary copper is high and more is absorbed, endogenous excretion increases, protecting against excess accumulation of copper in the body. When intake is low, little endogenous copper is excreted, protecting against copper depletion. Regulation is not sufficient with very low amounts of dietary copper (0.38 mg/d) and appears to be delayed when copper intake is high. The use of isotopic tracers and kinetic modeling should aid in elucidating the regulatory mechanisms. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Turnlund, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 60 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 67 IS 5 SU S BP 960S EP 964S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZL395 UT WOS:000073428600003 PM 9587136 ER PT J AU Milne, DB AF Milne, DB TI Copper intake and assessment of copper status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Copper Metabolism CY MAR 17-20, 1996 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NIH, Univ Chile HO NIH DE dietary copper; copper deficiency; copper requirements; ceruloplasmin; superoxide dismutase; cytochrome-c oxidase; nutritional status ID LONG-TERM VARIABILITY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DIETARY COPPER; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; YOUNG MEN; ZINC; INDEXES; NUTRITURE AB The diagnosis of marginal copper deficiency has not been perfected despite an increased understanding of the physiologic roles of copper. The use of nonstandardized procedures and the effects of factors other than copper nutriture have impeded identification of an ideal indicator of copper nutritional status in humans. A review of studies of experimental copper deprivation conducted in adult humans over the past 12 y indicated that between 1.0 and 1.25 mg Cu/d is needed by adults for copper maintenance for periods of up to 6 mo and that less than or equal to 2.6 mg Cu/d for periods of up to 42 d is not sufficient for recovery from copper deprivation. Copper-containing enzymes in blood cells, such as erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and platelet cytochrome-e oxidase, may be better indicators of metabolically active copper and copper stores than plasma concentrations of copper or ceruloplasmin because the enzyme activities are sensitive to changes in copper stores and are not as sensitive to factors not related to copper nutriture. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Milne, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034,Univ Stn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 46 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 67 IS 5 SU S BP 1041S EP 1045S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZL395 UT WOS:000073428600016 PM 9587149 ER PT J AU Highman, TJ Friedman, JE Huston, LP Wong, WW Catalano, PM AF Highman, TJ Friedman, JE Huston, LP Wong, WW Catalano, PM TI Longitudinal changes in maternal serum leptin concentrations, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 19-24, 1997 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Diabet Assoc DE pregnancy; body fat; leptin; adipose tissue; resting metabolic rate ID OBESE GENE-PRODUCT; PLASMA LEPTIN; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; OB/OB MICE; OB PROTEIN; WEIGHT; EXPRESSION; HUMANS; MOUSE; RNA AB OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the longitudinal changes in maternal serum leptin concentrations, body composition, and resting metabolic rate during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Ten women were evaluated before pregnancy, in early pregnancy (12 to 14 weeks), and in late pregnancy (34 to 36 weeks). Leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, body composition with hydrodensitometry with adjustment for total body water, and resting metabolic rate by use of indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Using analysis of variance with repeated measures from pregravid to late pregnancy, a 66% increase (men +/- SD) was found in leptin concentrations tin nanograms per milliliter) (before pregnancy, 25.4 +/- 19.9; in early pregnancy, 37.5 +/- 26.2; and in late pregnancy, 38.4 +/- 27.3, p = 0.003); a 9% increase in body fat tin kilograms) (before pregnancy, 29.4 +/- 15.7; in early pregnancy, 28.7 +/- 14.0; in late pregnancy, 31.4 +/- 14.6; p = 0.04); a 28% increase in oxygen consumption tin milliliters of oxygen per minute) (before pregnancy, 221.2 +/- 29.5; in early pregnancy, 230.4 +/- 42.9; in late pregnancy, 285.3 +/- 51.9; p < 0.0001); and a 9% increase in oxygen consumption (milliliters of oxygen per kilogram per minute) (before pregnancy, 3.02 +/- 0.43; in early pregnancy, 3.05 +/- 0.30; in late pregnancy, 3.31 +/- 0.37, p = 0.002) with advancing gestation. A significant positive correlation was present between leptin and body fat before pregnancy (r = 0.90, p < 0.0001), in early pregnancy (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001), and in late pregnancy (r = 0.87, p = 0.0005) and between leptin and oxygen consumption before pregnancy (r = 0.80, p = 0.004), in early pregnancy (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001), and in late pregnancy (r = 0.62, p = 0.06). When oxygen consumption was adjusted for maternal and fetal tissue mass, a significant negative correlation was found between leptin and oxygen consumption before pregnancy (r = -0.96, p < 0.0001), in early pregnancy (r = -0.80,p = 0.0034), and in late pregnancy (r = -0.70, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: We conclude that leptin increases significantly during early pregnancy before any major changes in body fat and resting metabolic rate. These data suggest that pregnancy represents a leptin-resistant state. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Reprod Biol, Metrohlth Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mol Nutr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Highman, TJ (reprint author), 2500 MetroHlth Dr,Room S-225, Cleveland, OH 44133 USA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [PERC-11089]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-80]; PHS HHS [5RO1-22965] NR 25 TC 143 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 6 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 178 IS 5 BP 1010 EP 1015 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70540-X PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZP972 UT WOS:000073807400024 PM 9609576 ER PT J AU Darmaun, D Welch, S Rini, A Sager, BK Altomare, A Haymond, MW AF Darmaun, D Welch, S Rini, A Sager, BK Altomare, A Haymond, MW TI Phenylbutyrate-induced glutamine depletion in humans: effect on leucine metabolism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE protein metabolism; nutrition; stable isotopes; radioactive tracers ID RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PROTEIN SYNTHETIC RATE; AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; INTRACELLULAR GLUTAMINE; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; PLASMA; KINETICS; INFUSION; CHILDREN; TISSUE AB The present study was designed to determine whether sodium phenylbutyrate (Phi B) acutely induces a decrease in plasma glutamine in healthy humans, and, if so, will decrease estimates of whole body protein synthesis. In a first group of three healthy subjects, graded doses (0, 0.18, and 0.36 g.kg(-1).day(-1)) of Phi B were administered for 24 h before study: postabsorptive plasma glutamine concentration declined in a dose-dependent manner, achieving an approximate to 25% decline for a dose of 0.36 g Phi B.kg(-1).day(-1). A second group of six healthy adults received 5-h infusions of L-[1-C-14]leucine and L-[1-C-13]glutamine in the postabsorptive state on two separate days: 1) under baseline conditions and 2) after 24 h of oral treatment with Phi B (0.36 g.kg(-1).day(-1)) in a randomized order. The 24-h phenylbutyrate treatment was associated with 1) an approximate to 26% decline in plasma glutamine concentration from 514 +/- 24 to 380 +/- 15 mu M (means +/- SE; P < 0.01 with paired t-test) with no change in glutamine appearance rate or de novo synthesis; 2) no change in leucine appearance rate (R-a), an index of protein breakdown (123 +/- 7 vs. 117 +/- 5 mu mol.kg(-1).h(-1); not significant); 3) an approximate to 22% rise in leucine oxidation (Ox) from 23 +/- 2 to 28 +/- 2 mu mol.kg(-1).h(-1) (P < 0.01), resulting in an approximate to 11% decline in nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD = R-a - Ox), an index of protein synthesis, from 100 +/- 6 to 89 +/- 5 mu mol.kg(-1).h(-1) (P < 0.05). The data suggest that, in healthy adults, 1) large doses of oral phenylbutyrate can be used as a "glutamine trap" to create a model of glutamine depletion; 2) a moderate decline in plasma glutamine does not enhance rates of endogenous glutamine production; and 3) a shortterm depletion of plasma glutamine decreases estimates of whole body protein synthesis. C1 Hotel Dieu, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine, F-44093 Nantes 1, France. Nemours Childrens Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Darmaun, D (reprint author), Hotel Dieu, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine, F-44093 Nantes 1, France. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK-51477] NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 274 IS 5 BP E801 EP E807 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA ZM052 UT WOS:000073499900006 PM 9612237 ER PT J AU Ronning, CM Sanford, LL Kobayashi, RS Kowalski, SP AF Ronning, CM Sanford, LL Kobayashi, RS Kowalski, SP TI Foliar leptine production in segregating F-1, inter-F-1, and backcross families of Solanum chacoense bitter SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE glycoalkaloids; potato; Solanum tuberosum; Colorado potato beetle ID POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; RESISTANCE AB Levels of foliar leptine glycoalkaloids were measured in segregating F-1, inter-F-1, and backcross families derived from S. chacoense (PI 320287) sibs 55-1 and 55-3, which are (respectively) high and nil leptine producers, and from crosses of these two genotypes with 8380-1, which produces high levels of leptine, to study the inheritance of leptine biosynthesis in S. chacoense. A total of five F-1 families was produced from reciprocal crosses between 55-3 and 55-1 and between 8380-1 and 55-3, and from the cross 8380-1 x 55-1. The F-1 crosses produced two leptine classes, high (greater than or equal to 62% of total glycoalkaloids; TGA) and low (less than or equal to 17% of TGA). Twenty-three families were derived from F-1 intercrosses and backcrosses of high x high, low x low, high x low, and low x high F-1 individuals. These families produced all high, all low, or both high and low leptine classes, depending upon type of cross. Three of the reciprocal (high x low) F-1 families segregated 1:1 for high:low leptine, and progeny from the (high x high) 8380-1 x 55-1 cross were all high, consistent with control by a single recessive gene in this population. One of the reciprocal families (9501) differed slightly but significantly (p = 0.05) from 1:1. All of the low thigh and high x high inter-F-1 and backcross families segregated as expected based on a single recessive gene model; however, five of eight high x low and four of six low x low families differed significantly from expectation, suggesting the presence of additional factors affecting the inheritance and expression of leptine glycoalkaloids in this population of S. chacoense. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ronning, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 137 EP 143 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZW780 UT WOS:000074447600005 ER PT J AU Juste, RA Kwang, J de la Concha-Bermejillo, A AF Juste, RA Kwang, J de la Concha-Bermejillo, A TI Dynamics of cell-associated viremia and antibody response during the early phase of lentivirus infection in sheep SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; PHENOTYPICALLY DISTINCT LENTIVIRUSES; OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; HIV-INFECTION; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-PRODUCTS; MAEDI-VISNA; PATHOGENESIS AB Objective-To determine patterns of cell-associated viremia and antibody responses during the early phase of ovine lentivirus (OvLV) infection in sheep. Animals-18 neonatal lambs. Procedures-12 lambs were inoculated intratracheally with OvLV within 24 hours after birth; 6 lambs were inoculated with noninfected cell culture supernatant. Degree of cell-associated viremia was measured every other week for 16 weeks by use of a limited dilution assay. Antibody responses to OvLV transmembrane (TM) and p25 proteins were determined weekly by use of a recombinant ELISA. Neutralizing antibody responses were measured before and 8 and 16 weeks after inoculation. Results-Degree of cell-associated viremia peaked between 2 and 6 weeks after inoculation and then decreased. For inoculated lambs, mean anti-p25 titer peaked 5 weeks after inoculation then slowly declined, whereas mean anti-TM and neutralizing antibody titers increased steadily. Over time, mean degree of cell-associated viremia was negatively correlated with mean anti-TM titer. Maximum individual degree of cell-associated viremia was positively correlated with maximum individual anti-TM titer. Conclusions-Results suggest that after experimental inoculation, OvLV replicates actively for several weeks and that an increase in anti-TM titer coincides with a decrease in degree of cell-associated viremia. Although the role antibodies play in protecting against lentivirus infection remains uncertain, understanding the dynamics of the antibody response may have important implications for diagnosis of OvLV infection, and antibodies may prove to be valuable markers for prediction of infection and disease C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Agr Expt Stn, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP de la Concha-Bermejillo, A (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Agr Expt Stn, 7887 US Highway 87 N, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. RI Juste, Ramon/C-3570-2008 OI Juste, Ramon/0000-0001-6037-5873 NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 59 IS 5 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 135QL UT WOS:000076814100011 PM 9582957 ER PT J AU Majidi, V Miller-Ihli, NJ AF Majidi, V Miller-Ihli, NJ TI Two simple interface designs for capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Trace Elements in Biological, Environmental and Toxicological Sciences CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL PORT DOUGLAS, AUSTRALIA SP Univ New S Wales, Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, McMaster Univ, Inst Environ & Hlth, MAFF, CSL, Food Sci Lab DE speciation; capillary electrophoresis; elemental analysis; elemental mass spectrometry; instrumentation ID MICROWAVE-INDUCED PLASMA; SPECIATION; SELENITE AB The design and implementation of two different interfaces for capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS) are described. These interfaces will allow for on-line analysis of CE effluents with ICP-MS detection. One interface is based on a concentric tube nebulizer and the other on a standard cross-flow nebulizer, These systems were investigated in parallel and their performances, under various experimental conditions, were compared. Each interface possesses a unique set of advantages and shortcomings. Recognizing that typical sample flow rates for ICP-MS are of the order of mi min(-1) and that the flow rates for CE are a few nl min(-1), some difficulties in flow compatibility are encountered. Aspects discussed include interface considerations, flow compatibility and the influence of flow rates on the overall sensitivity. Several guidelines are provided for workers interested in implementing a CE-ICP-MS instrument for elemental speciation. The Cd detection limits in rabbit metallothionein were 2.36 and 0.21 mu g ml(-1) for the concentric and cross-flow nebulizers, respectively. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div CST9,MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Majidi, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div CST9,MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 5 BP 803 EP 808 DI 10.1039/a707770j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZN568 UT WOS:000073658900008 ER PT J AU Majidi, V Miller-Ihli, NJ AF Majidi, V Miller-Ihli, NJ TI Potential sources of error in capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for chemical speciation SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Trace Elements in Biological, Environmental and Toxicological Sciences CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL PORT DOUGLAS, AUSTRALIA SP Univ New S Wales, Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, McMaster Univ, Inst Environ & Hlth, MAFF, CSL, Food Sci Lab DE speciation; capillary electrophoresis; elemental mass spectrometry; cyanocobalamin; rabbit metallothionein; coenzyme-B-12 AB The distribution concentration of chemical species in a sample is dictated by the physical and chemical properties of the matrix. As such, when a sample is pre-treated, in any way, there is a potential for redistribution of homologous species. The extent of this analyte redistribution is determined by both thermodynamic properties of species (e.g., changes in concentrations of species according to their equilibrium expressions) and kinetic properties (e.g., the rate of the reactions compared with the duration of sample preparation and analysis). The redistributions of analyte species as a function of several experimental parameters (e.g., time, solution pH, injection methods and calibration methods) are illustrated in this paper, Whereas rabbit metallothionein protein showed a stability of more than a few days under certain storage conditions, coenzyme-B-12 was rapidly degraded in less than 2 h, pH studies showed that the migration of free Cd2+ ions in rabbit metallothionein was not significantly affected unless the pH of the solution exceeds the solubility limit of the metal hydroxide, However, pH-sensitive compounds such as vitamin B-12 showed significant changes in the migration time and analyte composition. The injection studies suggested that electrokinetic injection may produce biased results, in favor of species that have higher electrophoretic mobility. Hydrodynamic injection will produce a result that is more representative of the initial sample composition. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div CST9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Majidi, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div CST9, MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 5 BP 809 EP 813 DI 10.1039/a708256h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZN568 UT WOS:000073658900009 ER PT J AU Fan, TWM Lane, AN Martens, D Higashi, RM AF Fan, TWM Lane, AN Martens, D Higashi, RM TI Synthesis and structure characterization of selenium metabolites SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Trace Elements in Biological, Environmental and Toxicological Sciences CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL PORT DOUGLAS, AUSTRALIA SP Univ New S Wales, Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, McMaster Univ, Inst Environ & Hlth, MAFF, CSL, Food Sci Lab DE organic synthesis; selenium metabolites; 2-D multinuclear NMR; gas chromatography mass spectrometry; electrospray mass spectrometry; protein-bound selenomethionine, Chlorella ID MARINE-ALGAE; SELENOCYSTEINE; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; PROTEINS; COMPLEX; H-1-NMR AB The difficulty in determining trace-level organoseleno metabolites and the lack of commercially available standards have been major barriers to a molecular-level understanding of Se biogeochemistry, ecotoxicology and nutrition, particularly in aquatic ecosystems, To overcome the problem, three important precursors of volatile alkyl selenides were synthesized, including dimethylselenonium propionate (DMSeP), which has only been postulated to exist in nature. A combination of 2-D multinuclear NMR, electrospray MS and GC-MS methods was employed to identify DMSeP, methylselenomethionine and methylselenocysteine in synthetic preparations without extensive clean-up. An alkaline hydroelimination test coupled with GC-MS analysis for the release pattern of dimethyl selenide (DiMSe) and dimethyl diselenide (DMDSe) was developed for a diagnostic determination of the three products. The DMSe release pattern of DMSeP confirmed the presence of a DMSeP-like compound in the biomass of 100 mg l(-1) Se-treated Chlorella investigated previously. Silylation-GC-MS was tested for the determination of selenomethionine, selenocysteine and methylselenocysteine in a standard mixture with a detection limit of better than 1 pmol per 0.5 mu l injection volume for selenomethionine. This method was applied to the analysis of the acid digest of the proteinaceous fraction of the Chlorella culture. Selenomethionine was found to contain > 70% of the protein-bound Se, although this constituted only a minor fraction of the total Se in the Chlorella biomass, These findings revealed the metabolic relationship between Se volatilization and selenomethionine incorporation into proteins. This knowledge is critical to advancement in Se biogeochemistry, ecotoxicology and the development of in situ bioremediation schemes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Mol Struct, London NW7 1AA, England. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92597 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Fan, TWM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. EM twfan@ucdavis.edu NR 34 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 5 BP 875 EP 884 DI 10.1039/a707597i PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZN568 UT WOS:000073658900019 ER PT J AU Handelman, GJ Nightingale, ZD Dolnikowski, GG Blumberg, JB AF Handelman, GJ Nightingale, ZD Dolnikowski, GG Blumberg, JB TI Formation of carbonyls during attack on insulin by submolar amounts of hypochlorite SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-RESIDUES; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; PROTEIN OXIDATION; INACTIVATION; BRAIN; DERIVATIVES; CONVERSION; RADICALS AB Bovine insulin was reacted at pH 4.0 with submolar amounts of hypochlorite. At least one molecule of insulin was modified per two molecules of hypochlorite added, as estimated by HPLC of native and modified insulin. About 5% of the hypochlorite-modified insulin reacted with dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), a reagent which specifically labels carbonyl groups. The major DNPH-labeled product was isolated from the native insulin on reverse-phase HPLC, using trifluoroacetic acid/water/acetonitrile gradients. The UV spectrum of the major peak on the HPLC diode-array detector was representative of DNPH adducts, with lambda(max) = 365 nm. Several methods, including total amino acid analysis, tryptic digestion, and collision-induced dissociation-electrospray MS, indicate that the major carbonyl in the DNPH-labeled product was on the amino-terminal phenylalanine of the insulin B-chain. Amino acid analysis indicated that tyrosine was also degraded by hypochlorite, but we could not detect a carbonyl group formed at tyrosine. These findings suggest that the terminal amino groups of proteins are highly vulnerable to carbonyl formation during hypochlorite attack. The use of relatively low amounts of active oxygen species (such as hypochlorite), followed by chromatographic isolation of the protein labeled with a carbonyl-specific reagent, can be a useful approach to the study of reactive sites on proteins. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Handelman, GJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 258 IS 2 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1006/abio.1998.2592 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZL884 UT WOS:000073483200026 PM 9570850 ER PT J AU Bai, YG Booth, DT Romo, JT AF Bai, YG Booth, DT Romo, JT TI Winterfat (Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq.) seedbed ecology: Low temperature exotherms and cold hardiness in hydrated seeds as influenced by imbibition temperature SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq.; Krascheninnikovia; Ceratoides; winterfat; exotherm; freezing tolerance; freezing avoidance; seedbed ecology; germination; D50; seedling vigour; seed collection ID GERMINATION RESPONSE; ASTERACEAE; BUDS; ICE AB Thermal analyses of freezing events in hydrated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds show a correlation between low temperature exotherms (LTEs) (evidence of ice crystal formation) and seed death. Yet, weather patterns common to the Northern Great Plains of North America regularly create conditions where non-dormant seeds of native plants hydrate with snow melt and are subsequently exposed to -30 degrees C or colder conditions. To determine if such weather patterns decimate dispersed seeds, we measured the effects of freezing on fully hydrated winterfat (Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq.) seeds harvested from the Northern Plains at two USA and one Canadian location. Survival of hydrated seeds to -30 degrees C at a cooling rate of 2.5 degrees C h(-1) was similar to that of seeds not subjected to cooling, even though both a high temperature exotherm (HTE) and an LTE were observed. Although the LTE was not related to winterfat seed survival, freeze-stressed seeds had reduced germination rates and reduced seedling vigour, particularly for the collection with the lightest seeds. The temperature of LTEs was similar among seed collections with a mean of -17.6 degrees C, but was warmer when the seeds were imbibed at 0 degrees C compared to 5, 10 or 20 degrees C. We found a significant correlation between the HTE and LTE temperatures. The difference and the correlation may be due to the higher moisture content of seeds imbibed at 0 degrees C. After pericarp removal, only one exotherm in the range of the LTE was observed. This was also true for the naked embryo. We conclude that an LTE indicates ice formation in the embryo, but that it does not signal the death of a winterfat seed. (C) 1998 Annals of Botany Company. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Crop Sci & Plant Ecol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 81 IS 5 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.1006/anbo.1998.0610 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZQ834 UT WOS:000073907600003 ER PT J AU Dyby, SD AF Dyby, SD TI Method for visualizing the tracheal system of newly hatched insects SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha suspensa; Plodia interpunctella; Podisus maculiventris; Tribolium castaneum; albumin; clearing method AB The tracheal system, bristles, and gut of some holometabolous insects can be made visible by using aqueous albumin to clear larvae that are newly hatched or near hatching. Adult Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), can be cleared to view their cuticle; therefore, the procedure might further taxonomic studies of some adult insects as well as immatures. The procedure is also appropriate for educational purposes, because only nontoxic aqueous albumin and water are required. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Dyby, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 91 IS 3 BP 350 EP 352 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZR676 UT WOS:000074002600014 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP Robnett, CJ AF Kurtzman, CP Robnett, CJ TI Identification and phylogeny of ascomycetous yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA partial sequences SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascomycetous yeasts; phylogeny; ribosomal DNA; systematics ID COENZYME-Q SYSTEM; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID REASSOCIATION; GEN-NOV SACCHAROMYCETACEAE; RNA SEQUENCES; NECROTIC TISSUE; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SMOOTH SURFACES; KREGER-VANRIJ; HIGHER FUNGI AB Approximately 500 species of ascomycetous yeasts, including members of Candida and other anamorphic genera, were analyzed for extent of divergence in the variable D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. Divergence in this domain is generally sufficient to resolve individual species, resulting in the prediction that 55 currently recognized taxa are synonyms of earlier described species. Phylogenetic relationships among the ascomycetous yeasts were analyzed from D1/D2 sequence divergence. For comparison, the phylogeny of selected members of the Saccharomyces clade was determined from 18S rDNA sequences. Species relationships were highly concordant between the D1/D2 and 18S trees when branches were statistically well supported. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kurtzman@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 76 TC 1212 Z9 1326 U1 3 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 EI 1572-9699 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD MAY PY 1998 VL 73 IS 4 BP 331 EP 371 DI 10.1023/A:1001761008817 PG 41 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 144LY UT WOS:000077317100006 PM 9850420 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Pankiw, T AF Pettis, JS Pankiw, T TI Grooming behavior by Apis mellifera L. In the presence of Acarapis woodi (Rennie) (Acari : Tarsonemidae) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Acarapis woodi; grooming; behavior ID WORKER HONEY BEES; INFESTATION; COLONIES; MITES AB The role of grooming behavior by the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., in limiting the infestation of, or being elicited by, the parasitic mite Acarapis woodi was investigated. Grooming behaviors examined included allogrooming and the grooming dance that involves self or autogrooming. Observation hives monitored over 24 h revealed that dancing increased significantly at night while allogrooming decreased. In 32 mite-infested observation hives the percentage of bees infested was positively correlated with allogrooming acts and dances observed. In a third experiment, young marked bees were introduced into three hives with 0, 50 and 70% tracheal mite prevalence and grooming dances increased significantly in the bees 1-3 d of age in the mite-infested colonies. We postulate that mite movement on young bees elicits the grooming dance. Bees from four different single patrilines that had exhibited different propensities to allogroom or dance were marked and placed into eight mite-infested colonies for 5 d. Dissections of marked bees revealed that the allogrooming line was most susceptible and the dancing line least susceptible to mite infestation. We postulate that the dancing line of bees had a lower threshold for detecting mites on their body resulting in increased dance behavior and autogrooming, which we propose lowered the number of mites that transferred to these bees. This is the first evidence for a mechanism of resistance to the honey bee tracheal mite. (C) Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Paris. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jpettis@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 11 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.1051/apido:19980304 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZR452 UT WOS:000073978100004 ER PT J AU Li, HY Bhaduri, S Magee, WE AF Li, HY Bhaduri, S Magee, WE TI Maximizing plasmid stability and production of released proteins in Yersinia enterocolitica SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE; EXPRESSION; BINDING AB Virulent serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica carry a plasmid (pYV) encoding a family of proteins that are released into the medium and whose expression is temperature and calcium regulated. The plasmid is easily lost from cells during their growth in the laboratory. We have used sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with a monoclonal antibody (3.2C) that is specific for a 25-kDa released protein to show that 32 degrees C is the lowest temperature at which plasmid-encoded proteins are expressed in quantity. The highest calcium concentration allowing full expression of these proteins was 445 to 545 mu M at 32 degrees C. Calcium concentrations of 745 mu M and above at 37 degrees C completely prevented the loss of pYV during multiple subcultures, while at 32 degrees C, calcium concentrations of 245 mu M and greater were sufficient to stabilize the plasmid, Growth of Y, enterocolitica at pH 5.5 was slower than at neutral pH values, but it also resulted in greatly increased stability of pYV, These studies showed that bacterial growth, retention of pYV, and expression of plasmid-encoded proteins may be maximized at 32 degrees C with 445 mu M calcium and that pYV stability is enhanced by growth at low pH, These observations suggest new approaches for isolation of plasmid-bearing virulent strains of Y, enterocolitica from samples contaminated with this organism and also may improve our understanding of pYV retention in vivo. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Magee, WE (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, 32nd & Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mageewe@post.drexel.edu NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1812 EP 1815 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZL278 UT WOS:000073416600035 PM 9572955 ER PT J AU Vallim, MA Janse, BJH Gaskell, J Pizzirani-Kleiner, AA Cullen, D AF Vallim, MA Janse, BJH Gaskell, J Pizzirani-Kleiner, AA Cullen, D TI Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase and cellobiose dehydrogenase transcripts in wood SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPOROTRICHUM-PULVERULENTUM; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; GENE FAMILY; I GENE; CELLULOSE; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ENZYMES; CLONING AB The transcripts of structurally related cellobiohydrolase genes in Phanerochaete chrysosporium-colonized wood chips were quantified. The transcript patterns obtained were dramatically different from the transcript patterns obtained previously in defined media. Cellobiose dehydrogenase transcripts were also detected, which is consistent with the hypothesis that such transcripts play an important role in cellulose degradation. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, Dept Genet, BR-13416970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Vallim, Marcelo /J-2624-2013 OI Vallim, Marcelo /0000-0002-6929-0566 NR 37 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1924 EP 1928 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZL278 UT WOS:000073416600053 PM 9572973 ER PT J AU Cray, WC Casey, TA Bosworth, BT Rasmussen, MA AF Cray, WC Casey, TA Bosworth, BT Rasmussen, MA TI Effect of dietary stress on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in calves SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE RUMEN; FOOD INTAKE; CATTLE; RESERVOIR; SEROTYPE; DAIRY; SHEEP; PREVALENCE; FAECES AB Two groups of calves were subjected to dietary stress by withholding of food beginning 1 or 14 days after inoculation with 10(10) CFU of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Following treatment, neither group had a significant increase in fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. A third group of calves had food withheld for 48 h prior to inoculation with 10(7) CFU of E. coli O157:H7. These calves were more susceptible to infection and shed significantly more E. coli O157:H7 organisms than calves maintained on a normal diet. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Casey, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tcasey@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 25 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1975 EP 1979 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZL278 UT WOS:000073416600065 PM 9572985 ER PT J AU Bond, DR Tsai, BM Russell, JB AF Bond, DR Tsai, BM Russell, JB TI The diversion of lactose carbon through the tagatose pathway reduces the intracellular fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and growth rate of Streptococcus bovis SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; RUMINAL BACTERIUM; TRANSPORT; METABOLISM; SYSTEM AB Twenty strains of Streptococcus bovis grew more slowly on lactose (1.21 +/- 0.12 h(-1)) than on glucose (1.67 +/- 0.12 h(-1)), and repeated transfers or prolonged growth in continuous culture (more than 200 generations each) did not enhance the growth rate on lactose. Lactose transport activity was poorly correlated with growth rate, and slow growth could not be explained by the ATP production rate (catabolic rate). Batch cultures growing on lactose always had less intracellular fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru1,6P(2)) than cells growing on glucose (6.6 mM compared to 16.7 mM), and this difference could be explained by the pathway of carbon metabolism. Glucose and the glucose moiety of lactose were metabolized by the Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas (EMP) pathway, but the galactose moiety of lactose was catabolized by the tagatose pathway, a scheme that by-passed Fru1,6P(2). A mutant capable of co-metabolizing lactose and glucose grew more rapidly when glucose was added, even though the total rate of hexose fermentation did not change. Wild-type S. bovis grew rapidly with galactose and melibiose, but these galactose-containing sugars were activated by galactokinase and catabolized via EMP. On the basis of these results, rapid glycolytic flux through the EMP pathway is needed for the rapid growth (more than 1.2 h(-1)) of S. bovis. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu OI Bond, Daniel/0000-0001-8083-7107 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5 BP 600 EP 605 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA ZT568 UT WOS:000074100900018 PM 9650258 ER PT J AU Crawford, JJ Sims, GK Mulvaney, RL Radosevich, M AF Crawford, JJ Sims, GK Mulvaney, RL Radosevich, M TI Biodegradation of atrazine under denitrifying conditions SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL BACTERIAL ISOLATE; HERBICIDE ATRAZINE; CYANURIC ACID; S-TRIAZINES; DEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; SEDIMENTS AB Anaerobic biodegradation of atrazine by the bacterial isolate M91-3 was characterized with respect to mineralization, metabolite formation, and denitrification. The ability of the isolate to enhance atrazine biodegradation in anaerobic sediment slurries was also investigated. The organism utilized atrazine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen under anoxic conditions in fixed-film (glass beads) batch column systems. Results of HPLC and TLC radiochromatography suggested that anaerobic biotransformation of atrazine by microbial isolate M91-3 involved hydroxyatrazine formation. Ring cleavage was demonstrated by (CO2)-C-14 evolution. Denitrification was confirmed by detection of N-15(2) in head-space samples of (KNO3)-N-15-amended anaerobic liquid cultures. In aquatic sediments, mineralization of uniformly ring-labeled [C-14]atrazine occurred in both M91-3-inoculated and uninoculated sediment. Inoculation of sediments with M91-3 did not significantly enhance anaerobic mineralization of atrazine as compared to uninoculated sediment, which suggests the presence of indigenous organisms capable of anaerobic atrazine biodegradation. Results of this study suggest that the use of M91-3 in a fixed-film bioreactor may have applications in the anaerobic removal of atrazine and nitrate from aqueous media. C1 USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Sims, GK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jcrawfor@uiuc.edu; gk-sims@uiuc.edu RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 25 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5 BP 618 EP 623 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA ZT568 UT WOS:000074100900021 PM 9650260 ER PT J AU Shypailo, RJ Posada, JKJ Ellis, KJ AF Shypailo, RJ Posada, JKJ Ellis, KJ TI Whole-body phantoms with anthropomorphic-shaped skeletons for evaluation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY SEP 18-20, 1996 CL MALMO, SWEDEN AB We have developed a set of four whole-body phantoms with anthropometric-shaped skeletons constructed of CaHPO4-doped expoxy resin, to simulate average body sizes of children at ages 4, 10, 15, and 18. Each phantom was measured on a Hologic QDR-2000 instrument with and without a set of polyethylene overlays to simulate excess body fat, and with and without a 0.6% NaCl/water mixture to simulate differences in lean tissue composition. Precision of total body BMC, based on 4 scans over 2 wk, were 0.5%-1.8%, and were correlated (r(2) = 0.999, p < 0.001) with the chemical Ca-content of the simulated skeleton. The addition of overlays to the phantoms to simulate increased body size,and/or body fat resulted in small but significant increases in the measured values for BMC and bone area, but not that of BMD. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS,Body Composit Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shypailo, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS,Body Composit Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 503 EP 505 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00182-6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZE053 UT WOS:000072752700021 PM 9569528 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Conway, JM AF Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Conway, JM TI Body composition analysis of pigs from 5 to 97 kg by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY SEP 18-20, 1996 CL MALMO, SWEDEN AB A total of 231 pigs were anesthetized and then scanned by DXA using a Lunar DPXL instrument. The weight of the pigs ranged from 5 to 97 kg (av. = 37.7 kg). Of the total, 98 pigs were scanned using the pediatric mode and 133 pigs were scanned using the adult mode. After scanning, the pigs were euthanized, the entire body homogenized by grinding, and analyzed chemically for fat, water, protein and total body mineral content. The mean value for the DXA total tissue mass (37.1 kg) was not significantly (P > 0.05, n = 231) different from the mean body weight. The mean DXA value for percent fat was 14.6 and was significantly less (P < 0.05) than the mean value (17.6%) measured by CHEM analysis. The greatest discrepancy occurred in pigs with < 15% body fat. From a prediction equation using the DXA R value [% fat = 493 - 349(DXA R value)], the DXA estimated percent fat was 18.0%, compared to 17.6% by CHEM analysis (P > 0.05). Using a prediction equation [g protein = -1.062 + 0.22(g DXA lean)], the DXA estimate for body protein content was 17.8%; compared to 17.1% (P <0.05, n = 131) by CHEM analysis. The DXA estimate for body water content [g water = 508 + 0.74(g DXA lean)] was 63.8%, compared to 62.6% (P < 0.05, n = 231) by CHEM analysis. The bone mineral content of 83 of the pigs measured by DXA was 2.40%, compared to 2.54% (P < 0.05, n = 83) estimated from CHEM analysis of total body ash [g bone mineral = g total body ash -0.0085(g DXA lean)]. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Basic Anim Sci, Berlin, Germany. Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 521 EP 523 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00066-3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZE053 UT WOS:000072752700027 PM 9569532 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ Abrams, SA Wong, WW AF Ellis, KJ Abrams, SA Wong, WW TI Body composition reference data for a young multiethnic female population SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY SEP 18-20, 1996 CL MALMO, SWEDEN ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 587 EP 588 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00077-8 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZE053 UT WOS:000072752700046 PM 9569548 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ Lee, PDK Pivarnik, JM Bukar, JG Gesundheit, N AF Ellis, KJ Lee, PDK Pivarnik, JM Bukar, JG Gesundheit, N TI Body composition of HIV/AIDS males: Effects of treatment with insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and growth hormone (GH) SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY SEP 18-20, 1996 CL MALMO, SWEDEN ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; VIRUS INFECTION C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 653 EP 655 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00084-5 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZE053 UT WOS:000072752700069 PM 9569569 ER PT J AU Kehayias, JJ Zhuang, H Hughes, V Dowling, L AF Kehayias, JJ Zhuang, H Hughes, V Dowling, L TI Assessment of body fat and lean in the elderly by measuring body carbon and oxygen: Validation against hydrodensitometry SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY SEP 18-20, 1996 CL MALMO, SWEDEN ID IN-VIVO; NEUTRON AB Based on the observation that the carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) in tissue is a measure of fat content, we developed a model which correlates C/O to percent body fat. Carbon and oxygen mass and their ratio are measured in vivo by fast neutron inelastic scattering, using a miniature D-T neutron generator, at a radiation exposure of less than 0.06 mSv. We tested the validity of this model against hydrodensitometry with 19 healthy adult volunteers. The method was found to be accurate and insensitive to assumptions about the composition of lean tissue and, therefore, appropriate for studying the elderly and patients with catabolic conditions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dowling, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 723 EP 725 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00095-X PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZE053 UT WOS:000072752700092 PM 9569591 ER PT J AU Kehayias, JJ Smith, DE Roubenoff, R Savicki, M Zhuang, H AF Kehayias, JJ Smith, DE Roubenoff, R Savicki, M Zhuang, H TI Use of fast neutrons for measuring muscle SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY SEP 18-20, 1996 CL MALMO, SWEDEN ID TOTAL-BODY; CARBON AB Elemental Partition Analysis (EPA) is a new approach to body composition. A major element of the body is measured and then, by means of other measurements, is partitioned to the contributing body compartments. We developed a model for measuring total body muscle by applying the EPA method to total body phosphorus (TBP). We measure TBP (head excluded) by in vivo fast neutron activation analysis using the reaction P-31(n, alpha)(28) Al. The main contributors to TBP are the bone and skeletal muscle. Adipose tissue and the liver contribute less than 3%. We use dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate the contribution of bone to TBP. Corrections are applied for the small contributions of the liver and adiopose tissue to TBP to derive muscle phosphorous. The technique requires high precision measurements for both TBP (+/- 2%) and DXA (+/- 1%). The total body radiation exposure for measuring human subjects is 0.60 mSv. We observed that nitrogen can also be measured by fast neutron activation analysis through the (n,2n) reaction, simultaneously with TBP. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kehayias, JJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 737 EP 738 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00098-5 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZE053 UT WOS:000072752700097 PM 9569596 ER PT J AU Van Loan, MD AF Van Loan, MD TI Estimates of fat-free mass (FFM) by densitometry, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) in Caucasian and Chinese-American women SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY SEP 18-20, 1996 CL MALMO, SWEDEN ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; ADULTS; WHITE AB Estimates of fat-free mass (FFM) from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) were compared to results obtained by densitometry in a group of Caucasian and Chinese-American women; Each group included 38 women between the ages of 18 and 24 years. The Chinese-American women were significantly shorter in stature, had lower body weights, and lower values for FFM compared to the Caucasian women. DXA estimates of FFM were consistently lower than those obtained from densitometry; BIS estimates were similar to densitometry results. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 751 EP 752 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00211-X PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZE053 UT WOS:000072752700102 PM 9569601 ER PT J AU Nakamuta, M Taniguchi, S Ishida, BY Kobayashi, K Chan, L AF Nakamuta, M Taniguchi, S Ishida, BY Kobayashi, K Chan, L TI Phenotype interaction of apobec-1 and CETP, LDLR, and ApoE gene expression in mice - Role of ApoB mRNA editing in lipoprotein phenotype expression SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RNA editing; apolipoprotein B; apolipoprotein E; LDL receptor; cholesteryl ester transfer protein ID ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; DEFICIENT MICE; KNOCKOUT MICE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METABOLISM; MODELS AB Apolipoprotein (apo) B mRNA editing determines the amount of apoB-100 and apoB-48 produced. Surprisingly, apobec-1 knockout mice, which do not edit apoB, have an essentially normal lipoprotein phenotype. By selected cross-breeding of mice of different genotypes, we show in this report that inactivation of editing produces profound phenotypic effects in cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transgenic mice and in apoE and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout mice. Compared with mice with an apobec-1(+/+) background, CETP expression in apobec-1(-/-) mice caused a doubling of the plasma apoB-100 concentration (from 3.5+/-0.6 to 8.8+/-1.9 mg/dL, P<.01) and a much greater shift of plasma cholesterol from HDL to IDL/LDL as assayed by fast protein liquid chromatography analysis; the ratio of non-HDL to HDL cholesterol was 0.47, 0.46, 0.76, and 1.43 in apobec-1(+/+)/CETP-/-, apobec-1(-/-)/CETP-/-, apobec-1(+/+)/CETP+/-, and apobec-1(-/-)/CETPC+/- animals, respectively. Feeding of a Western-type diet further exaggerated the shift in this ratio. In LDLR-/- mice, inactivation of apobec-1 caused an approximate to 200% rise in plasma apoB-100 concentration, an approximate to 60% increase in apoE concentration, and a 70% increase in total plasma cholesterol, which resulted exclusively from an increase in non-HDL cholesterol. The exaggerated hypercholesterolemia involving the VLDL+LDL fractions was further enhanced by a Western-type diet. In contrast, in apoE(-/-) mice, inactivation of apabec-1 caused a massive increase (from <0.5 to 55.5+/-16.4 mg/dL) in plasma apoB-100 concentration but an approximate to 55% reduction in hypercholesterolemia due to partial amelioration of the marked VLDL+IDL elevation. However, the difference in lipid profiles between apobec-1(+/+)/apoE(-/-) and apobec-1(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice was abolished in a time-dependent manner as further increases in total plasma cholesterol were induced by a Western-type diet. Whereas apobec-1 inactivation in wild-type mice produced little or no change in lipoprotein phenotype, giving rise to speculation that apoB mRNA editing does not have significant effect on lipoprotein dynamics, we show herein that there is important gene-gene interaction between apobec-1 and the CETP, LDLR, and apoE loci, which is subject to further substantial modulation by environmental factors such as a Western-type diet in mice. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Chan, L (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM lchan@bcm.tmc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL56668, HL51586, HL16512] NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 18 IS 5 BP 747 EP 755 PG 9 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZP604 UT WOS:000073770100010 PM 9598833 ER PT J AU Pitman, WA Osgood, DP Smith, D Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM AF Pitman, WA Osgood, DP Smith, D Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM TI The effects of diet and lovastatin on regression of fatty streak lesions and on hepatic and intestinal mRNA levels for the LDL receptor and HMG CoA reductase in F1B hamsters SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; HMG CoA reductase inhibitors; diet; LDL receptor mRNA levels; HMG CoA reductase mRNA levels; hamsters ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; CHOLESTEROL-SYNTHESIS; MESOCRICETUS-AURATUS; SYRIAN-HAMSTERS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; RABBITS; ACIDS; INHIBITOR AB This study examined the effects of lovastatin supplementation (25 mg/kg per day) in conjunction with an atherogenic diet (10% coconut oil (w/w), 0.05% cholesterol) on regression of pre-existing foam cells and on hepatic and intestinal LDL receptor and HMG CoA reductase mRNA levels. F1B hamsters fed the atherogenic diet had significantly greater (p < 0.0002) foam cell accumulation (10078 +/- 1452 (S.E.M.) mu(2)) compared to those fed a low fat, no cholesterol chow diet (64 +/- 10 mu(2)) or the atherogenic diet supplemented with lovastatin (1621 +/- 132 mu(2)). Regression of fatty streak lesions was achieved by feeding either a chow diet or supplementing the atherogenic diet with lovastatin as evidenced by the significant (p < 0.0002) reduction in foam cell accumulation in the chow regression (94 +/- 55 mu(2)) and lovastatin regression (48 +/- 18 mu(2)) groups compared to the atherogenic diet group (10078 +/- 1452 mu(2)). Lovastatin supplementation of the atherogenic diet induced significant upregulation of both LDL receptor and HMG CoA reductase message levels in liver and intestine compared to the chow and atherogenic diet fed groups. These data demonstrate that lovastatin supplementation of an atherogenic diet decreases foam cell accumulation and induces upregulation of hepatic and intestinal LDL receptor and HMG CoA reductase mRNA levels. Furthermore, regression of pre-existing, diet-induced fatty streak lesions can be achieved by lovastatin supplementation of an atherogenic diet or by feeding a low fat, low cholesterol chow diet. The specific effects of lovastatin on foam cell accumulation and regression and messenger RNA levels are secondary to reductions in plasma total cholesterol concentrations and do not demonstrate a direct effect of lovastatin on atherosclerotic lesions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00209] NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAY PY 1998 VL 138 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00302-X PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZT664 UT WOS:000074111600005 PM 9678770 ER PT J AU Weggemans, RM Zock, PL Ordovas, JM Katan, MB AF Weggemans, RM Zock, PL Ordovas, JM Katan, MB TI The relationship between the APOE 2/3/4 polymorphism and the response of LDL cholesterol to various dietary changes SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agr Univ Wageningen, Div Human Nutr & Epidemiol, Wageningen, Netherlands. Tufts Univ, USDA, Res Ctr Nutr & Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAY PY 1998 VL 138 SU 1 MA 57 BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZU660 UT WOS:000074220400057 ER PT J AU Batterman, SA Zhang, GZ Baumann, M AF Batterman, SA Zhang, GZ Baumann, M TI Analysis and stability of aldehydes and terpenes in electropolished canisters SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air sampling; aldehydes; chromatography; mass spectrometry; terpenes; volatile organic compound ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDOOR AIR; TALL OIL; OUTDOOR; PINE AB Aldehydes and terpenes are important classes of polar VOC contaminants for which few sampling and analysis methods have been validated. This study reports on the analysis, stability and recovery of seven aldehydes (butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal and benzaldehyde) and four terpenes (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene and 3-carene) prepared at trace levels (3-5 ppb) and stored in electropolished stainless-steel canisters. Humidified air, humidified N-2, and dry air were used to dilute three sets of canisters. A series of samples was withdrawn from each canister over a period of 16 days, and concentrations were determined by cryogenic preconcentration, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The VOCs were easily separated, but butanal and pentanal had high detection limits relative to the other compounds. While measurements were reproducible, concentrations decreased considerably in the first hour(19% in the humidified air-filled canister set), and losses continued over the measurement period, although at a slower rate. The estimated half lives of aldehydes and terpenes were 18 d in humidified air-filled canisters, 24 d in humidified N-2, and 6 d in dry air. Loss mechanisms and analytical considerations for the target compounds are discussed. Like other VOCs, the collection and storage of aldehydes and terpenes in canisters require humidification; however; the absolute accuracy of samples and standards of mixtures of aldehydes and terpenes stored in canisters may be limited. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Batterman, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 109 Observ Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Batterman, Stuart/0000-0001-9894-5325 NR 22 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1647 EP 1655 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00417-2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZP051 UT WOS:000073711600001 ER PT J AU Likens, GE Driscoll, CT Buso, DC Siccama, TG Johnson, CE Lovett, GM Fahey, TJ Reiners, WA Ryan, DF Martin, CW Bailey, SW AF Likens, GE Driscoll, CT Buso, DC Siccama, TG Johnson, CE Lovett, GM Fahey, TJ Reiners, WA Ryan, DF Martin, CW Bailey, SW TI The biogeochemistry of calcium at Hubbard Brook SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE forest ecosystem; calcium biogeochemistry; soil chemistry; weathering; stream chemistry; wet and dry deposition; forest disturbance; landscape patterns ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WHOLE-TREE HARVEST; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS; ROOT DECOMPOSITION; TISSUE CHEMISTRY; NUTRIENT BUDGETS AB A synthesis of the biogeochemistry of Ca was done during 1963-1992 in reference and human-manipulated forest ecosystems of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), NH. Results showed that there has been a marked decline in concentration and input of Ca in bulk precipitation, an overall decline in concentration and output of Ca in stream water, and marked depletion of Ca in soils of the HBEF since 1963. The decline in streamwater Ca was related strongly to a decline in SO(4),(2-)+NO(3),(-) in stream water during the period. The soil depletion of Ca was the result of leaching due to inputs of acid rain during the past 50 yr or so, to decreasing atmospheric inputs of Ca, and to changing amounts of net storage of Ca in biomass. As a result of the depletion of Ca, forest ecosystems at HBEF are much more sensitive to continuing inputs of strong acids in atmospheric deposition than expected based on long-term patterns of sulfur biogeochemistry. The Ca concentration and input in bulk precipitation ranged from a low of 1.0 mu mol/l and 15 mol/ha-yr in 1986-87 to a high of 8.0 mu mol/l and 77 mol/ha-yr in 1964-65, with a long-term mean of 2.74 mu mol/l during 1963-92. Average total atmospheric deposition was 61 and 29 mol/ha-yr in 1964-69 and 1987-92, respectively. Dry deposition is difficult to measure, but was estimated to be about 20% of total input in atmospheric deposition. Streamwater concentration reached a low of 21 mu mol/l in 1991-92 and a high of 41 mu mol/l in 1969-70, but outputs of Ca were lowest in 1964-65 (121 mol/ha-yr) and peaked in 1973-74 (475 mol/ha-yr). Gross outputs of Ca in stream water were positively and significantly related to streamflow, but the slope of this relation changed with time as Ca was depleted from the soil, and as the inputs of sulfate declined in both atmospheric deposition and stream water. Gross outputs of Ca in stream water consistently exceeded inputs in bulk precipitation. No seasonal pattern was observed for either bulk precipitation or stream water concentrations of Ca. Net soil release varied from 390 to 230 mol/ha-yr during 1964-69 and 1987-92, respectively. Of this amount, weathering release of Ca, based on plagioclase composition of the soil, was estimated at about 50 mol/ha-yr. Net biomass storage of Ca decreased from 202 to 54 mol/ha-yr, and throughfall plus streamflow decreased from 220 to 110 mol/ha-yr in 1964-69 and 1987-92, respectively. These ecosystem response patterns were related to acidification and to decreases in net biomass accretion during the study. Calcium return to soil by fine root turnover was about 270 mol/ha-yr, with 190 mol/ha-yr returning to the forest floor and 80 mol/ha-yr to the mineral soil. A lower content of Ca was observed with increasing elevation for most of the components of the watershed-ecosystems at HBEF. Possibly as a result, mortality of sugar maple increased significantly during 1982 to 1992 at high elevations of the HBEF. Interactions between biotic and abiotic control mechanisms were evident through elevational differences in soil cation exchange capacity (the exchangeable Ca concentration in soils was significantly and directly related to the organic matter content of the soils), in soil/till depth, and in soil water and in stream water concentrations at the HBEF, all of which tended to decrease with elevation. The exchangeable pool of Ca in the soil is about 6500 mol/ha, and its turnover time is quite rapid, about 3 yr. Nevertheless, the exchangeable pools of Ca at HBEF have been depleted markedly during the past 50 years or so, greater-than-21,125 mol/ha during 1940-1995. The annual gross uptake of trees is about 26-30% of the exchangeable pool in the soil. Some 7 to 8 times more Ca is cycled through trees than is lost in stream water each year, and resorption of Ca by trees is negligible at HBEF. Of the current inputs to the available nutrient compartment of the forest ecosystem, some 50% was provided by net soil release, 24% by leaching from the canopy, 20% by root exudates and 6% by atmospheric deposition. Clear cutting released large amounts of Ca to stream water, primarily because increased nitrification in the soil generated increased acidity and NO;, a mobile anion in drainage water; even larger amounts of Ca can be lost from the ecosystem in harvested timber products. The magnitude of Ca loss due to whole-tree harvest and acid rain leaching is comparable for forests similar to the HBEF, but losses from harvest must be superimposed on losses due to acid rain. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. RP Likens, GE (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RI Johnson, Chris/A-6979-2011; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Johnson, Chris/0000-0001-9079-813X; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X; Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 150 TC 314 Z9 329 U1 15 U2 109 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAY PY 1998 VL 41 IS 2 BP 89 EP 173 DI 10.1023/A:1005984620681 PG 85 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA ZD297 UT WOS:000072671100001 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR AF Hagler, JR TI Variation in the efficacy of several predator gut content immunoassays SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE gut content analysis; predation; ELISA; dot blot; Western blot; monoclonal antibody; Hippodamia convergens; Pectinophora gossypiella ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CARABID PREDATORS; IMMUNODOT ASSAY; DIGESTION RATE; ELISA; ANTIGEN; PREY; LEPIDOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; REMAINS AB Five different immunoassay formats were examined for their ability to detect a minute quantity of prey remains in predator guts. The convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, that had consumed either one or five pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), eggs was evaluated by the following immunoassays: three variations of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a dot blot, and a Western blot. Sandwich ELISA, dot blot, and Western blot were the most sensitive immunoassays based on the proportion of individual predators scoring positive for prey remains. The direct ELISA and indirect ELISA were ineffective at detecting prey in the predators. The advantages and disadvantages of each immunoassay format are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1006/bcon.1998.0612 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ZM392 UT WOS:000073534700005 ER PT J AU Gerling, D Naranjo, SE AF Gerling, D Naranjo, SE TI The effect of insecticide treatments in cotton fields on the levels of parasitism of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) sl. SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Encarsia; Eretmocerus; Bemisia tabaci; B. argentifolii; buprofezin; monocrotophos; cotton IPM; percentage parasitism ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB Populations of whiteflies [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) sl.] and the rates at which they were parasitized in cotton fields in Israel and California were monitored over a number of years. Studies took place both in fields that were treated with insecticides and in untreated fields and permitted us to assess the influence of insecticidal treatments upon percentage parasitism. The results showed that, in many cases, insecticide treatments had only a minor effect on levels of parasitism and that high levels of parasitism were sustained in insecticide-treated fields. However, many repeated treatments, especially if monocrotophos was used, resulted in significant reductions in levels of parasitism in Israel. Our findings suggest that the species of parasitoids we observed may be no more severely impacted by certain insecticides than nymphal whiteflies that serve as hosts. Nonetheless, reductions in parasitoid abundance may have important consequences for the biological control of B. tabaci over time and over larger areas, and judicious use of insecticides in commercial cotton fields is warranted. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, Ramat Aviv, Israel. ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Gerling, D (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, Ramat Aviv, Israel. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1006/bcon.1998.0613 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ZM392 UT WOS:000073534700006 ER PT J AU Van Driesche, R Idoine, K Rose, M Bryan, M AF Van Driesche, R Idoine, K Rose, M Bryan, M TI Evaluation of the effectiveness of Chilocorus kuwanae (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) in suppressing euonymus scale (Homoptera : Diaspididae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE euonymus scale; Chilocorus kuwanae; coccinellid; evaluation; biological control AB A field experiment on the ability of a Chinese strain of Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to suppress densities of euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi [Comstock]) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Euonymus spp. in southern New England was conducted from 1991 to 1995. Observations were made at three spatial scales: (1) a set of 27 sites, 14 of which received C. kuwanae releases and 13 served as checks, (2) a single apartment complex, with approximately 110 euonymus shrubs dispersed over 32 ha, at which a single release was made, and (3) the statewide Massachusetts residential and commercial landscape as a whole. Chilocorus kuwanae suppressed U. euonymi at 9 of 14 release sites. The beetle failed to establish large populations at three sites, and at two other sites the experiment was ended prematurely by shrub removal by owners. Of 13 check sites, nine were invaded by C. kuwanae over the course of the experiment and the beetle became abundant at three. Of the 10 check sites where C. kuwanae remained absent or rare, scale numbers increased at four locations, decreased at four, and were unchanged at two. At the 32-ha apartment site, C. kuwanae spread to 64% of all euonymus plants within 4 months and the proportion of plants with heavy euonymus scale infestations decreased hom 46 to 13% within 1 year. At the statewide (MA) landscape level by 1994 no significant change had yet occurred in the proportion of plants with heavy euonymus scale infestations. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Extens Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Niles, MI 49120 USA. RP Van Driesche, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1006/bcon.1998.0620 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ZM392 UT WOS:000073534700009 ER PT J AU Kraeling, RR Johnson, B Barb, CR Rampacek, GB AF Kraeling, RR Johnson, B Barb, CR Rampacek, GB TI Evidence for a luteinizing hormone surge center in the hypothalamus of the pig SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; PREPUBERTAL FEMALE PIGS; PUSH-PULL CANNULAE; RAT ESTROUS-CYCLE; OVARIECTOMIZED GILTS; LH-RELEASE; ESTRADIOL; SECRETION; PITUITARY; PROLACTIN AB Studies were conducted to determine whether there is an LH surge generator in the hypothalamus of the pig. In experiment 1, 157-day-old ovariectomized (OVX) gilts received 1.5 mu g estradiol benzoate (EB)/kg BW i.m. every 12 h from 0 through 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. Blood was sampled every 6 h from 3 to 36 h and every 3 h from 36 through 144 h. One of 3, 4 of 4, 4 of 4, and 2 of 3 guts displayed an LH surge after treatment for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. With the exception that time to maximum LH concentration was greater in gilts treated for 96 h than in those treated for 72 h (p < 0.05), parameters of the surge were similar among all gifts. In experiment 2a, an Alzet osmotic pump containing EB or vehicle was inserted s.c. behind an ear of 124-day-old OVX gifts, resulting in the following daily doses of EB: 0, 0.75, 1.50, or 3.00 mu g/kg BW. Blood was sampled at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h and every 8 h thereafter through 168 h to evaluate surge secretion of LH, and every 15 min for 8 h starting at 168 h to evaluate pulsatile LH secretion. Zero of 3, 0 of 2, 3 of 3, and 3 of 3 gilts displayed an LH surge after 0, 0.75, 1.50, and 3.00 mu g EB/kg BW, respectively. Parameters of the surge were similar among gilts. Pulsatile LH secretion, evaluated 7 days after pump insertion, was significantly suppressed for estradiol-treated gilts compared to controls. In experiment 2b, at 182 days of age, 10 gilts used in experiment 2a plus 2 additional guts in the original group prepared but not used for experiment 2a, were randomly assigned in groups (n = 3) to the following daily doses of EB: 0, 0.19, 0.38, or 0.75 mu g/kg BW, administered again by osmotic pump. Treatment and blood-sampling schedules were the same as in experiment 2a. Zero, 0, 1, and 2 gilts displayed an LH surge after treatment with 0, 0.19, 0.38, and 0.75 mu g EB/kg BW respectively. Parameters of the surge were similar among guts that displayed an LH surge. Pulsatile LH secretion was significantly suppressed for estradiol-treated gilts compared to controls. Thus, the LH surge resulted from positive feedback stimulation of a specific surge generator rather than attenuation or dissipation of negative feedback inhibition of estradiol on a pulse generator. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kraeling, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1205 DI 10.1095/biolreprod58.5.1199 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZK117 UT WOS:000073286900017 PM 9603253 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Rasmussen, MA AF Anderson, RC Rasmussen, MA TI Use of a novel nitrotoxin-metabolizing bacterium to reduce ruminal methane production SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic respiration; electron sink; methane; nitropropionate; nitrate; rumen ID FERMENTATION; NITRATE; NITROPROPANOL; RUMEN; ACID AB The production of methane by ruminal bacteria involves the conversion of potentially useful energy-rich substrates into a form that cannot be used by the ruminant host. A possible strategy for reduction of ruminal methane production is to divert the flow of reducing substrates away from methanogenesis into alternative electron sinks. In this study we examine the potential for nitrocompounds to serve as such electron sinks. When 3-nitropropionate (5, 10, or 20 mM) was added to mixed populations of ruminal microbes incubated under a H-2:CO2 (1:1) atmosphere and with added formate, up to 68% less methane was produced and reductant was directed towards increased propionate production. When nitrate (5, 10 or 20 mM) was added to such populations, methane production was inhibited to a lesser degree than with 3-nitropropionate. Addition of cells of a nitropropionate-metabolizing bacterium, strain NPOH1, to mixed ruminal populations did not change the effect of 3-nitropropionate on methane production, although more 3-nitropropionate was metabolized. However the addition of cells of strain NPOH1, which also reduces nitrate, to such populations drastically changed the effect of nitrate on methane production. In the latter case, reductant was directed away from methane biosynthesis to the reduction of nitrate by strain NPOH1, as evidenced by up to an 18-fold decrease in methane production. These results suggest that 3-nitropropionate and nitrate reduce methane production, by different mechanisms. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Milk Specialties Co, BioSci Div, Dundee, IL 60118 USA. RP Rasmussen, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 64 IS 2 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00184-3 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA ZK846 UT WOS:000073369700002 ER PT J AU Flather, CH Knowles, MS Kendall, IA AF Flather, CH Knowles, MS Kendall, IA TI Threatened and endangered species geography SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 6 BIOLOGICAL REASONS; UNITED-STATES; ACT; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; STRATEGIES; FUTURE; FISHES; WORK C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Management Assistance Corp Amer, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. BioData Inc, Denver, CO 80227 USA. RP Flather, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 50 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 1998 VL 48 IS 5 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.2307/1313375 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA ZH613 UT WOS:000073129100008 ER PT J AU Sokoll, LJ Booth, SL Davidson, KW Dallal, GE Sadowski, JA AF Sokoll, LJ Booth, SL Davidson, KW Dallal, GE Sadowski, JA TI Diurnal variation in total and undercarboxylated osteocalcin: Influence of increased dietary phylloquinone SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE diurnal variation; osteocalcin; undercar boxylated osteocalcin; phylloquinone ID BONE GLA-PROTEIN; URINARY CALCIUM EXCRETION; VITAMIN-K-STATUS; SERUM OSTEOCALCIN; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM; CIRCULATING OSTEOCALCIN; ANTICOAGULANT-THERAPY; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ORAL ANTICOAGULANT; MINERAL CONTENT AB A diurnal variation exists in blood levels of the vitamin K-dependent bone protein osteocalcin. However, it is not known whether the carboxylated and undercarboxylated constituents of osteocalcin also vary. Therefore, osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin were measured in specimens collected every 4 hours over a 24-hour period in nine healthy subjects (five males, four females) ages 20-33 years who were consuming a mixed diet containing 100 mu g of phylloquinone. Osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and after treatment with barium sulfate. Although the percent undercarboxylated osteocalcin did not change, a diurnal variation was observed in total osteocalcin, carboxylated osteocalcin, and undercarboxylated osteocalcin, with peak concentrations at 4 a.m. and the lowest concentrations between 12 p.m. and 4 p.m. The difference between the total osteocalcin peak and trough concentrations averaged 28 +/-:7 (SEM)%. There were no gender differences in these rhythms. The effect of dietary phylloquinone as a modulator of these rhythms was evaluated in a randomized study by increasing phylloquinone intake to 420 mu g/day with fortified corn oil, split between the lunch and dinner meals. Total and carboxylated osteocalcin fluctuations and concentrations were not affected by the dietary treatment. The diurnal variation in undercarboxylated osteocalcin was abolished with supplementation and concentrations at 8 a.m. (14 hours following supplementation) (2.3 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) were significantly lower than the unsupplemented levels (2.7 +/- 0.2 ng/mL, P = 0.006). The percentage of under carboxylated osteocalcin was similarly decreased after supplementation (19.7 +/- 1.3%) in relation to the mixed diet cycle (24.2 +/- 1.6%, P = 0.006) at 8 a.m. on the second day. Dietary supplementation induced a fluctuation in percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin with a decline in levels starting at approximately 12 a.m. Therefore, additional dietary phylloquinone does not appear to modulate the total osteocalcin diurnal rhythm, but can influence its undercarboxylated component. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sokoll, LJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, 600 N Wolfe St,Meyer B-125, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1007/s002239900458 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZG607 UT WOS:000073020700011 PM 9541523 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Hinojosa, T Olson, SR AF Horton, DR Hinojosa, T Olson, SR TI Effects of photoperiod and prey type on diapause tendency and preoviposition period in Perillus bioculatus (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID POTATO BEETLE COLEOPTERA; AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB Attempts at using Perillus bioculatus (F.) for control of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), have been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the predator's over-wintering biology. This study determined the effects of photoperiod and life stage of prey (Colorado potato beetle) on tendency for adult females to enter reproductive diapause, duration of the preoviposition period, and mortality of females. Perillus bioculatus showed an increasing tendency to enter diapause rather than to initiate reproductive activities as day length decreased. Females that were fed large beetle larvae (mid to late fourth instar) showed a significant increase in the number of individuals entering diapause compared with females that were fed a mix of beetle eggs and small larvae (first to third instar). Probit analysis was used to estimate the photoperiod that caused 50% of females to enter diapause; these estimates were 15L:9D for females feeding on large larvae, and 14.5L:9.5D for females feeding on eggs and small larvae. Females that were fed large larvae also showed a longer preoviposition period and had a slightly significant higher rate of mortality than those fed eggs and small larvae. C1 ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 130 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 103WX UT WOS:000074981800006 ER PT J AU Bakri, A Hadis, H Epsky, ND Heath, RR Hendrichs, J AF Bakri, A Hadis, H Epsky, ND Heath, RR Hendrichs, J TI Female Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) capture in a dry trap baited with a food-based synthetic attractant in an argan forest in Morocco. Part I: Low population field test SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; ANASTREPHA LUDENS; CALLING MALES; FLIES; PHEROMONE; RESPONSES; SEXES AB Field tests were conducted in an argan forest in Morocco to evaluate the performance of a cylindrical dry trap and food-based synthetic attractant (FA) for monitoring the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann). This female-targeted trapping system was compared with Jackson traps-baited with trimedlure (TML), a male-targeted trapping system. TML-baited traps attracted significantly more males than FA-baited traps (91.4 +/- 13.01 and 5.0 +/- 0.75 marks, respectively), and the FA-baited traps captured significantly more females than did TML-baited traps (9.3 +/- 1.93 and 0.1 +/- 0.04 females, respectively). For the first month of the field trial, the ratio of mature females to immature females captured in the FA-baited traps was approximately equal, but more immature females were captured in the second month. FA-baited traps were less specific and captured significantly more nontarget flies than did TML-baited traps. C1 Univ Cadi Ayyad, Fac Sci Semlalia, Unit Biol Control Insects, Marrakech, Morocco. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Int Atom Energy Agcy, Insect & Pest Control Sect, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Bakri, A (reprint author), Univ Cadi Ayyad, Fac Sci Semlalia, Unit Biol Control Insects, Marrakech, Morocco. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 130 IS 3 BP 349 EP 356 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 103WX UT WOS:000074981800009 ER PT J AU Cartwright, MA Beauchamp, DA Bryant, MD AF Cartwright, MA Beauchamp, DA Bryant, MD TI Quantifying cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) predation on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fry using a bioenergetics approach SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; MODELS; FISH; RATES; LARVAL AB Although some sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)enhancement programs achieve production goals in Alaskan lakes, others like the Margaret Lake project fall well below expected levels. We used bioenergetics model simulations, coupled with field sampling of predator diet and distribution, to quantify the intensity of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) predation on stocked sockeye salmon fry in Margaret Lake during 1993 and 1994. Model results indicated that, by September, cutthroat trout consumed an estimated 34-51 and 32-100% of the 200 000 and 100 000 sockeye salmon fry stocked in May 1993 and 1994, respectively. September hydroacoustic survey results estimated a 82-87% decline of fry in 1993 and 90-93% in 1994. Stomach fullness and evacuation estimates of total consumption were 59% of model estimates after the first fry release in 1994 and 120% of the model estimates after the second release. All approaches to estimating cutthroat trout predation on stocked fry suggested that piscivores played a substantial role in the decline of sockeye salmon fry in Margaret Lake. The ability to estimate consumption is valuable in isolating predator influence on food web dynamics, especially in manipulated systems. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Cartwright, MA (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 304 Lake St,Suite 103, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1295 DI 10.1139/cjfas-55-5-1285 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 117NB UT WOS:000075787000024 ER PT J AU Edmonds, RL Lebo, DS AF Edmonds, RL Lebo, DS TI Diversity, production, and nutrient dynamics of fungal sporocarps on logs in an old-growth temperate rain forest, Olympic National Park, Washington SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CONIFER LOGS; PATTERNS; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; LITTER; OREGON; DECAY; FLOOR AB Fungal sporocarps were sampled on 47 logs in six 0.1-ha plots in an old-growth Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) - western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forest in the Hoh River Valley, Olympic National Park, Washington, from October 1993 to May 1994. Log biomass averaged 205 Mg/ha and the surface area of plots occupied by logs was 9.8%. Most fungal fruiting occurred on decay class 3 logs, the most common type on a scale from 1 (least decayed) to 5 (most decayed). Eighty-two taxa of fleshy fungi (63 saprophytic, Is mycorrhizal, and one pathogenic) and six taxa of large annual or perennial fungi occurred on logs. Most fungi were basidiomycetes. Highest fleshy sporocarp production occurred in fall (456 g/ha) rather than spring (40 g/ha). Ischnoderma resinosum had the highest annual production (88 g/ha). Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, Fe, Zn, Al, B, and Cu in fruiting bodies were determined. Lower N concentrations occurred in perennial fungi (0.45%) than mycorrhizal(4.33%) and fleshy saprophytic species (3.30%). Only a small fraction of the nutrient capital in the logs was exported to the forest floor in fungal sporophores. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Winema Natl Forest, USDA, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. RP Edmonds, RL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 28 IS 5 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-5-665 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 114KE UT WOS:000075607300004 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Schreuder, HT AF Williams, MS Schreuder, HT TI Outlier-resistant estimators for Poisson sampling: a note SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION ESTIMATION; DESIGN AB Poisson (3P) sampling is a commonly used method for generating estimates of timber volume. The usual estimator employed is the adjusted estimator, (Y) over cap(a). The efficiency of this estimator can be greatly influenced by the presence of outliers. We formalize such a realistic situation for high-value timber estimation for which (Y) over cap(a) is inefficient. Here, y(i) = beta x(i) for all but a few units in a population for which y(i) is large and x(i) very small. This situation can occur when estimating the net volume of high-value standing timber, such as that found in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. A generalized regression estimator and an approximate Srivastava estimator are not affected by such data points. Simulations on a small population illustrate these ideas. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Multiresource Inventory Tech, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Multiresource Inventory Tech, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 28 IS 5 BP 794 EP 797 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-5-794 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 114KE UT WOS:000075607300018 ER PT J AU Barton, FE Windham, WR Champagne, ET Lyon, BG AF Barton, FE Windham, WR Champagne, ET Lyon, BG TI Optimal geometries for the development of rice quality spectroscopic chemometric models SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SCATTER CORRECTION; MILLED RICE; REGRESSION; HARDNESS AB Three sample geometries, two different instrument types, and two spectral collection modes (reflectance and transmission) were used to assess rice quality and develop chemometric models for composition and sensory characteristics. Rice samples (120) including three cultivars, two growing locations, five drying treatments, two moisture levels, and two levels of milling were scanned in two locations. Data collected for modeling included amylose, protein, moisture, whiteness, transparency and milling degree. Taste and texture were determined with the use of separate trained sensory panels. The NIR models show that composition is best modeled in the 1,100-2,500 nm range, while the physical properties of whiteness, transparency and milling degree are best modeled in the 750-1,1350 nm range. Additional models were developed using limited data subsets of the spectral data points. In some cases, adequate models were generated with as few as 20 wavelength data points. Results show that no one spectroscopic protocol is best for all analytes in rice and that for any complex food matrix more than one preprocessing or spectral range protocol is needed. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Barton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM wbarton@athens.net NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.3.315 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN654 UT WOS:000073668300008 ER PT J AU Knutson, CA AF Knutson, CA TI Isolation of water-miscible high-oil fractions from starch-oil composites SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB High-oil fractions were isolated from a series of starch-oil composites prepared by jet-cooking mixtures of starch and vegetable oil in water. They consisted of an emulsion of starch, oil, and water. These fractions were miscible in water and nearly immiscible in hexane. Emulsions from composites prepared with 10-40% oil contained 40-75% of the oil found in the original composite. Oil content of the emulsions varied with the oil content of the original composite, but the ratio of water to starch was essentially constant. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knutson, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 351 EP 353 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.3.351 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN654 UT WOS:000073668300014 ER PT J AU Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE AF Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE TI Solution viscoelastic properties of OATRIM-10 and cooked oat bran SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-THICKENING BEHAVIOR; TRANSIENT NETWORK THEORY; CROSS-LINKED NETWORKS; BETA-GLUCAN; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; POLYSACCHARIDE; AMYLODEXTRINS AB The solution rheological behaviors of OATRIM-10 and cooked oat bran were investigated. The rheological properties of the materials were investigated using both thixotropic loop and small-amplitude oscillatory shear experiments. The cooked oat bran exhibited shear-thinning behavior during a thixotropic loop experiment over a shear rate range of 0-250/sec. The shear-thinning behavior was reproduced during the measurement of a second thixotropic loop, in contrast, OATRIM-10 exhibited an unexpected region of shear-thickening behavior at 20-80/sec. The shear-thickening and subsequent sheer-thinning regions for OATRIM-10 could be described by a transient network model indicating that the shear-thickening behavior is caused by a shear-induced entangled network that is partially disentangled at higher shear rates. Subsequent thixotropic loop experiments displayed the shear-thickening region for OATRIM-10, indicating that the network structure can be reformed during the imposition of a sheer field. Small-amplitude oscillatory shear data for cooked oat bran can be described reasonably well using a generalized linear viscoelastic (GLV) model. The oscillatory shear data obtained for OATRIM-10 could not be described by the GLV model. OATRIM-10 exhibited a distinctive plateau centered at 10/sec, and the low frequency response of storage modulus G' decreased with a much larger slope in frequency than was predicted by the GLV model. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Carriere, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM carriecj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 354 EP 359 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.3.354 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN654 UT WOS:000073668300015 ER PT J AU Carriere, CJ AF Carriere, CJ TI Evaluation of the entanglement molecular weights of maize starches from solution rheological measurements SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED POLYMER SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; BLENDS; FLOW; TEMPERATURE; VISCOSITY; RHEOMETER; MOTION AB The entanglement molecular weights of waxy maize (WM) and normal maize (NM) starches were calculated from solution rheological data. The viscoelastic behavior of both WM and NM starches were measured at several different concentrations and then shifted to produce a master curve for each of the materials. The theory of Doi and Edwards was used to calculate the plateau moduli from which values for the entanglement molecular weights for WM and NM starches were calculated. The entanglement molecular weights were 100 +/- 15 kg/mol for WM starch and 96 +/- 8 kg/mol for NM starch. These two values were within experimental error of one another and represent the entanglement molecular weight of amylopectin, the major component of WM and NM starches. The entanglement degrees of polymerization for WM and NM starch, using a value of 162 g/mol for the monomer molecular weight of amylopectin, were 617 +/- 92 and 592 +/- 49, respectively. The values for the entanglement molecular weight and the entanglement degrees of polymerization for WM and NM starch were markedly higher than those quoted for many commercial polymers. This finding indicates that molecular weights of >1 million are required to produce starch-based materials with consistent physical properties. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Carriere, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM carriecj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 360 EP 364 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.3.360 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN654 UT WOS:000073668300016 ER PT J AU Qian, J Rayas-Duarte, P Grant, L AF Qian, J Rayas-Duarte, P Grant, L TI Partial characterization of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) starch SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FREEZE-THAW STABILITY; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; AMYLOSE-LIPID COMPLEXES; CEREAL STARCHES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; WHEAT-STARCH; RICE STARCH; GELATINIZATION AB Laboratory-isolated buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) starch was compared to commercial corn and wheat starches. Buckwheat starch granules (2.9-9.3 mu m) were round and polygonal with some holes and pits on the surface. Buckwheat starch had higher amylose content, water-binding capacity, and peak viscosity, and it had lower intrinsic viscosity when compared with corn and wheat starches. Buckwheat starch also showed restricted swelling power at 85-95 degrees C and lower solubility in water at 55-95 degrees C and was more susceptible to acid and enzymatic attack. Gelatinization temperatures, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, were 61.1-80.1 degrees C for buckwheat starch compared to 64.7-79.2 degrees C and 57.1-73.5 degrees C for corn and wheat starches, respectively. A second endotherm observed at 84.5 degrees C was an amylose-lipid complex attributed to the internal lipids in buckwheat starch, as evidenced by selective extraction. The retrogradation of buckwheat, corn, and wheat starch gels was examined after storage at 25, 4, and -12 degrees C for 1-15 days. In general, buckwheat starch retrogradation was slower than that of corn and wheat starch, but it increased as storage time increased, as did that of the other starch pastes. When the values of the three storage temperatures were averaged for each storage period analyzed, buckwheat starch gels showed a lower percentage of retrogradation than did corn and wheat starch gels. Buckwheat starch also had a lower percentage of water syneresis when stored at 4 degrees C for 3-10 days and had better stability to syneresis after three freeze-thaw cycles at -12 and 25 degrees C. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Hard Res Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Rayas-Duarte, P (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agr Prod Res & Technol Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM rayasdu@okway.okstate.edu NR 73 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.3.365 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN654 UT WOS:000073668300017 ER PT J AU Bean, SR Lyne, RK Tilley, KA Chung, OK Lookhart, GL AF Bean, SR Lyne, RK Tilley, KA Chung, OK Lookhart, GL TI A rapid method for quantitation of insoluble polymeric proteins in flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BAKING QUALITY; BREAD WHEATS; GLUTENIN; PREDICTION; EXTRACTION; SUBUNITS AB The baking properties of several genotypes of U.S. hard wheats grown in state nurseries for the Wheat Quality Council (WQC) were analyzed by the Hard Winter Wheal Quality Laboratory. Flours (250 mg) from each individual line and location were extracted three times with 50% 1-propanol (I mt) for 5 min each. Samples were vortexed continually during extraction. This method was effective in removing most monomeric proteins. Negligible detectable protein was found in the third extract. Significant amounts of polymeric glutenin were also extracted. Pellets were oven-dried (130 degrees C) for 1 hr and analyzed for protein content using nitrogen combustion analysis. Protein remaining in the pellet consisted mainly of polymeric protein. The amount of gliadin and soluble polymeric protein could also be measured by separating the supernatant by size-exclusion chromatography. Good correlations between dough strength parameters and amounts of pellet protein and the relative amount of pellet protein (pellet protein/flour protein) were found for all samples. This procedure was simple and rapid, with the potential of analyzing large numbers of samples per day with good reproducibility. C1 USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Lookhart, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM george@crunch.usgmrl.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 23 TC 70 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 374 EP 379 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.3.374 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN654 UT WOS:000073668300018 ER PT J AU Gaines, CS Windham, WR AF Gaines, CS Windham, WR TI Effect of wheat moisture content on meal apparent particle size and hardness scores determined by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; STANDARDIZATION; GRAINS AB The AACC Approved Method for near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy to produce a wheat hardness score for wheat market classification dan be corrected for variation in wheat moisture content. The cause of the variation in NIR spectra resulting from variation in wheat moisture was investigated. Ten samples each of soft red winter, soft white winter, hard red winter, and hard red spring wheats were stored at 20, 40, 60, and 80 equilibrium relative humidity. Wheats were then ground on a cyclone grinder as required by the standard method. Variation in unground wheat kernel moisture content resulted in variation in NIR data. NIR log 1/reflectance values increased at all wavelengths as wheat moisture content increased. Spectral changes were related to changes in the apparent particle size of ground wheat meal as it was influenced by moisture content. Higher moisture contents produced slightly higher apparent particle size in meal, suggesting larger particles of pericarp that became more pliable at higher moisture (temper) levels. The apparent particle size of meal of high moisture wheats resulted in greater NIR radiation scattering and decreased reflectance. Meal moisture content itself had no effect on the two NTR wavelengths used to evaluate wheat hardness. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, USDA ARS,Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, USDA ARS,Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 386 EP 391 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.3.386 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN654 UT WOS:000073668300020 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BT Dean-Nystrom, EA Casey, TA Neibergs, HL AF Bosworth, BT Dean-Nystrom, EA Casey, TA Neibergs, HL TI Differentiation of F18ab(+) from F18ac(+) Escherichia coli by single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis of the major fimbrial subunit gene (fedA) SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F107 FIMBRIAE; POSTWEANING DIARRHEA; EDEMA DISEASE; ADHESIVE FIMBRIAE; WEANED PIGS; PREVALENCE; STRAINS; K88; COLONIZATION; ENTEROTOXINS AB Toxin-producing Escherichia coli expressing F18 fimbriae colonizes the small intestines of weaned pigs and causes diarrhea, edema disease, or both. The F18 family is composed of two antigenic variants, F18ab and F18ac, Because many strains do not express F18 fimbriae in vitro, identification and differentiation of these two variants are difficult, Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis is a rapid method for identifying genetic mutations and polymorphisms. The F18 major fimbrial subunit genes (fedA) of 138 strains were amplified by PCR, and genetic differences were detected by SSCP analysis. The SSCP analysis of the fedA gene differentiated F18ab(+) strains from F18ac(+) strains. Most strains classified as F18ab(+) by SSCP analysis contained Shiga toxin 2e and enterotoxin genes. Most strains classified as F18ac(+) by SSCP analysis contained only enterotoxin genes. The SSCP analysis was a useful method for predicting the antigenicity of F18(+) E. coli and could also be used for analysis of other virulence genes in E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bosworth, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM bboswort@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3 BP 299 EP 302 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZL785 UT WOS:000073471300006 PM 9605980 ER PT J AU Obenland, DM Jang, EB Aung, LH Zettler, L AF Obenland, DM Jang, EB Aung, LH Zettler, L TI Tolerance of lemons and the Mediterranean fruit fly to carbonyl sulfide quarantine fumigation SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE phytotoxicity; Ceratitis capitata; Citrus limon ID TEPHRITIDAE; QUALITY; DIPTERA; COS; AIR AB Lemons (Citrus limon Burm.) were evaluated for their tolerance to carbonyl sulfide (COS) fumigation and the influence of COS on market quality. At 70 mg l(-1) no significant deleterious changes occurred in market quality up to a fumigation duration of 8 h and only a slight amount of peel injury was observed after 12 h. Longer fumigations lead to the presence of an offensive off-odor in the juice as well as to increasing rind injury. A test of the sensitivity of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) to COS indicated that long fumigation times (more than 8 h) will likely be required to achieve a degree of mortality sufficient for quarantine purposes for this insect. The tolerance of lemons to COS observed in this study suggests that COS is suitable for use as a quarantine treatment for this commodity. Its adoption, however, for this purpose will be hampered by the relatively long fumigation times needed and the odor that temporarily accompanies the fruit following fumigation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. ARS, USDA, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Obenland, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 17 IS 3 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00003-9 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZX984 UT WOS:000074575100004 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Humphrey, JS Primus, TM Decker, DG McGrane, AP AF Avery, ML Humphrey, JS Primus, TM Decker, DG McGrane, AP TI Anthraquinone protects rice seed from birds SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE anthraquinone; Agelaius phoeniceus; bird repellent; Quiscalus major; rice; seed treatment; blackbird ID AVIAN REPELLENT AB Application of bird-repellent chemicals to seed prior to planting is one possible approach to reducing bird damage to rice. Anthraquinone is a promising seed treatment compound, and in this paper we describe a sequence of tests evaluating a formulated commercial anthraquinone product. In 1-cup cage tests, rice consumption by individual male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and female boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major) was reduced 64-93% by 0.5 and 1.0% (g/g) anthraquinone treatments. Daily rice consumption by single male boat-tailed grackles tested in large enclosures was reduced from > 14 g in pretreatment to < 1 g by a 1.0% treatment. One of five test birds ate nothing during a 1 day post-treatment session. In a 7 day trial within a 0.2 ha flight pen, a group of four male grackles consumed 1.3% of anthraquinone-treated rice seed compared to 84.1% of sorghum, a nonpreferred alternate food. At two study sites in southwestern Louisiana, loss of rice sprouts in 2 ha plots sown with anthraquinone-treated seed was 0 and 12% compared to losses of 33% and 98% in nearby untreated plots. The formulation performed well at every stage of testing, and further development of anthraquinone products for bird-damage management is warranted. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 17 IS 3 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00002-7 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZX984 UT WOS:000074575100005 ER PT J AU Shanower, TG Lal, SS Bhagwat, VR AF Shanower, TG Lal, SS Bhagwat, VR TI Biology and management of Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) (Diptera : Agromyzidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE pigeonpea; pod fly; distribution; natural enemies; control strategies ID PIGEONPEA CAJANUS-CAJAN; RESISTANT; PEST AB Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) (Diptera:Agromyzidae), the pigeonpea pod fly, is a key pest of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] throughout south and south-east Asia. Females deposit eggs in the green pods of pigeonpea and other host plants, and the developing larva feeds on and destroys the unripe seed. Substantial yield losses have been attributed to this pest in several countries. Pest management strategies for the pigeonpea pod fly have emphasized chemical control and host-plant resistance. This paper reviews the literature on the distribution, host plants, biology, natural enemies and control strategies for this pest. Priorities for future research are also suggested. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian Inst Pulses Res, Div Entomol, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Shanower, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 141 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 17 IS 3 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00117-8 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZX984 UT WOS:000074575100008 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR AF Sinclair, TR TI Historical changes in harvest index and crop nitrogen accumulation SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID GRAIN-YIELD; SPRING WHEAT; CULTIVARS; PLANT; COMPONENTS; SELECTION; QUALITY; PROTEIN; TRAITS; OATS AB Plant harvest index, the ratio of grain weight to total plant weight, is an important trait associated with the dramatic increases in crop yields that have occurred in the twentieth century. Harvest index reflects the partitioning of photosynthate between the grain and the vegetative plant and improvements in harvest: index emphasize the importance of carbon allocation in grain production. The objective of this review is to examine from an historical perspective some of the changes that have occurred in crop harvest index and to consider the importance of crop nitrogen accumulation associated with changing this trait. In modem times, harvest index lies generally increased. Frier to the twentieth century, there is evidence that plan; selections also resulted in changes in harvest index. One factor that may have influenced these changes was the relative value of grain, compared with straw, Historically, straw production was a high priority, making low harvest index a desirable trait. Another factor was the level of nitrogen available for the production of high grain yields. Accumulation of high levels of nitrogen is essential for high grain yields, and thus, high Levels of nitrogen are commonly associated with crops having high harvest indices, Under conditions where nitrogen is limiting, a low harvest index crop is advantageous, Limited nitrogen can be partitioned into the lots nitrogen concentration vegetative tissue, which results in high total production of plant mass. However, increasing grain yield and crop harvest index with high nitrogen grain requires a concomitant increase in crop nitrogen accumulation. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, IFAS Bldg 350,SW 23rd St,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 34 TC 160 Z9 183 U1 3 U2 45 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 638 EP 643 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600001 ER PT J AU Heitholt, JJ Meredith, WR AF Heitholt, JJ Meredith, WR TI Yield, flowering, and leaf area index of okra-leaf and normal-leaf cotton isolines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NARROW-ROW COTTON; LINT YIELD; SUB-OKRA; CANOPY CHARACTERISTICS; PLANT-POPULATION; PINK-BOLLWORM; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; BACKGROUNDS; RESISTANCE AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with alternative leaf morphologies, such as the cleft-shaped okra-leaf types, offers production advantages such as earlier maturity. However, okra-leaf types have not been commercially viable in the USA. The objectives of this study were to test okra-leaf types in genetic backgrounds varying in maturity and region of adaptation and to provide growth data that might explain yield differences, Four to seven pairs of selected cotton okra- and normal-leaf isolines (and check cultivars) were grown in the field in one 2-yr (Exp, A) and two l-yr experiments (Exp, B and C) from 1994 to 1996 near Stoneville, MS, in row spacings of 76 and 102 cm. In Exp. A, average lint yields of okra-leaf isolines were greater overall than normal-leaf lines (847 vs. 749 kg ha(-1)), but in Exp. C, the opposite was true (1020 kg ha(-1) for okra- vs. 1130 kg ha(-1) for normal-leaf types). No yield difference was found between leaf types in Exp. B, Yields of okra-leaf lines were either equal to or less than those of recently released high-yielding commercial types whose okra-leaf isolines are not yet available. Okra-leaf types were usually 1 to 4 d earlier in maturity than their normal-leaf counterparts, possibly contributing to their overall yield advantage in Exp, A. When only okra-leaf isolines were considered, Tamcot HQ95 ranked first or second highest for yield and was the earliest to mature in all three tests. In general, the row-spacing effect and interactions with row spacing were not significant. The results indicate that the okra-leaf trait should be considered for producing future cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Heitholt, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 643 EP 648 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600002 ER PT J AU Wilson, JP Hanna, WW AF Wilson, JP Hanna, WW TI Smut resistance and grain yield of pearl millet hybrids near isogenic at the tr locus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINES AB Trichomeless pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], homozygous for the fr allele, expresses resistance to smut caused by Moesziomyces penicillariae (Bref.) Vanky, These studies examined the hypotheses that smut resistance is the result of the tr allele rather than a closely linked gene, and that the tr allele has no effect on grain yield in the absence of smut. Trichomed inbreds Tift 90DBE and Tift 8677 and trichomeless derivatives were crossed to produce eight hybrids differing for female parent and genotype at the tr locus. Hybrids were assessed for smut resistance and grain yield. Smut severity of inoculated panicles was reduced by about 13% when a Tift 90DBE genotype was used as the female parent, compared with hybrids produced with a Tift 8677 genotype as the female parent. Smut severity was reduced by about 50% in the trichomeless phenotype compared with the trichomed phenotypes. Homozygous and heterozygous trichomed hybrids did not differ in smut severity. The recessive smut resistance is most likely a pleiotropic effect of the rr allele and not the result of another closely linked gene. Although trichomelessness can be used as a marker to select for smut resistance, both parental inbreds must be trichomeless to produce smut-resistant hybrids. Trichomeless hybrids tended to yield more than trichomed hybrids, but yield was primarily reduced in heterozygous trichomed hybrids compared to the homozygous TrTr genotype, From these results, me conclude that the tr allele can be incorporated into smut-resistant hybrids with no detrimental effect on grain yield. C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Turf Res Unit, UGA Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Turf Res Unit, UGA Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 649 EP 651 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600003 ER PT J AU Kilen, TC Lambert, L AF Kilen, TC Lambert, L TI Genetic control of insect resistance in soybean germplasm PI 417061 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; REGISTRATION; LOOPER AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm lines PI 171451, PI 227687, and PI 229358 hare been reported to he resistant to several insect species. Further studies suggest that each line carries at least one gene for resistance that is different from the other sources. A later introduction, PI 417061, has also been reported to be resistant to several insect species. The genetic relationship of PI 417061 and the other three germplasm lines is unknown. The objective of this study tvas to determine if the genes for resistance in PI 417061 are different from those in PI 171451, PI 227687, and PI 229358, Parents and F-3 lines from crosses between PI 417061 and the other three resistant lines were rated visually for feeding damage by soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens Walker) in a greenhouse or field cage, F-3 lines from crosses PI 417061 x 'Davis' and PI 417061 x 'Sharkey' were also evaluated in a held cage, In previous studies, the cultivars Davis and Sharkey hare been very susceptible to foliar feeding insects. In these two crosses, the distribution of F-3 lines for leaf feeding ratings was continuous, hut skewed toward the susceptible parent. This suggests the insect resistance of FI 417061 is controlled by multiple genes, similar to that found in the other three germplasm lines. Ratings of F-3 lines from resistant x resistant crosses suggest that genetic control of resistance to soybean looper in PI 417061 is different from that found in PI 171451 and PI 227687, but that the major genes for resistance in PI 417061 are probably the same as those found in PI 229358. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi Agr & Forestry Exptl Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kilen, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 196, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kilent@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 652 EP 654 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600004 ER PT J AU Devine, TE AF Devine, TE TI Assignment of the Y17 locus to classical soybean linkage group 14 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE AB The classical genetic map of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr,] remains at aprimitive stage of development relative to the maps of other crops. This stud was undertaken to augment the information base needed for a more comprehensive classical map. The cultivar Minsoy, which carries the dominant allele Pb, that conditions a sharp pubescence tip, was crossed to the genetic type T162, which carries the recessive allele y17 that conditions chlorotic foliage. The F2 seedlings were classified for sharp vs. blunt pubescence tip and green vs. chlorotic foliage, The chi-square for linkage partitioned From the total chi-square was significant and a recombination value of 27% was calculated for the y17 and PD loci. Because a recombination value of 27% had previously been reported for PD and the y9 gene, which also conditions foliar chlorosis, an allelism test was conducted to test for the allelism of y17 and y9 by hybridizing genetic type T135, which carries the recessive allele y9 with T162 which carries the recessive allele y17, The Fl hybrids had normal green foliage indicating that y17 and y9 were separate loci. To determine whether y9 and y17 were on the same side or opposite sides of the Pb locus, the FZ of the T135 x T162 cross was tested with chi-square for fit to a 9:7 ratio or a 1:1 ratio for green:chlorotic foliage. The F2 segregation data tit the 1:1 ratio indicating that the Y17 and Y3 loci mere both on the same side of the PD locus and in close proximity. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Plant Sci Inst,Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Devine, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Plant Sci Inst,Weed Sci Lab, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 696 EP 697 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600011 ER PT J AU Elbersen, HW Ocumpaugh, WR Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA Tischler, CR AF Elbersen, HW Ocumpaugh, WR Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA Tischler, CR TI Crown node elevation of switchgrass and kleingrass under low light SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLUE GRAMA SEEDLINGS; PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS; GRASSES AB Excessive crown node elevation of warm-season grass seedlings is a major limitation to successful establishment. Crown node placement at or above the soil surface limits the opportunity for adventitious root development at the crown node, Kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) germplasm with low- (LC) and elevated- (EC) crown node placement [at 1.5 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)]were evaluated for crown node elevation (above soil surface) and coleoptile (or shoot) length under continuous low PPFD ranging from 0 (complete darkness) to 26.8 mu mol m(-1) s(-1) in a growth box. The objective of this research was to characterize the differences in photomorphogenic responses of emerging seedlings of the selected and nonselected populations. In darkness, coleoptiles of LC seedlings were longer than coleoptiles of EC seedlings, while crown node elevation mas higher for EC than LC. The PPFD required to prevent crown node elevation in kleingrass was about 5, 30, and >> 30 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) (beyond our level of testing) fur LC, nonselected, and EC, respectively. For switchgrass, the PPFD thresholds were lower, To prevent crown node elevation in switchgrass, about 1.6, 5, and 15 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD were required for LC, nonselected, and EC, respectively. The LC germplasm of both species exhibits a lower PPFD threshold for de-etiolalion, greater coleoptile length, and a decreased rate of mesocotyl elongation than EC germplasm, The populations selected for LC node placement are hypothesized to have increased establishment success, especially in conditions where low PPFD levels reach the emerging seedling. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Stn, Beeville, TX 78102 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Ocumpaugh, WR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Stn, HCR 2,Box 43-C, Beeville, TX 78102 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 712 EP 716 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600015 ER PT J AU Frederick, JR Bauer, PJ Busscher, WJ McCutcheon, GS AF Frederick, JR Bauer, PJ Busscher, WJ McCutcheon, GS TI Tillage management for doublecropped soybean grown in narrow and wide row width culture SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT; COASTAL-PLAIN; SYSTEMS AB Leaving residues on the soil surface and deep tillage may reduce the severity of yield-reducing, plant water stress on the southeastern Coastal Plain. For narrow (<75 cm) row width culture, little is known about the seed-yield response of doublecropped soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to surface tillage or deep tillage, We conducted a 2-yr field study on a Goldsboro sandy loam soil to (i) determine the seed-yield response of doublecropped soybean to surface tillage and deep tillage when grown using 19- and 76-cm-row widths and (ii) determine the effects of surface tillage and deep tillage on branch and mainstem yield components. Doublecropped soybean was grown following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest using all combinations of surface tillage (disked or no surface tillage), spring deep tillage (deep tilled or no deep tillage before soybean planting), rove width culture (production practices for row widths of 19 or 76 cm), and fall deep tillage (no deep tillage or deep tilled before wheat planting) treatments. Averaged across years and all other treatments, the soybean grown with the 19-cm-row width had a 53 and 83% greater seed yield than the soybean grown with the 76-cm-row width in the dished and no-surface-tillage plots, respectively. When deep tilled, soybean yields were consistently higher with no surface tillage, compared with dishing, only when the 19-cm-row width was used, Seed-yield increases due to deep tillage were greatest when plots were deep tilled before planting both crops and when no surface tillage and the narrow row width culture were used. Across all treatments and Sears, seed yield was highly correlated with seed number per square meter (r = 0.93), but less so with individual seed weight (r = 0.52), Results indicate that seed-yield increases due to deep tillage and no surface tillage are greater when doublecropped soybean is planted using production practices established for narrow row width culture. C1 Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Entomol, Florence, SC 29506 USA. ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP Frederick, JR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Entomol, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 755 EP 762 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600022 ER PT J AU Brink, GE Pederson, GA AF Brink, GE Pederson, GA TI White clover response to a water-application gradient SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM; REGISTRATION; MORPHOLOGY; STOLONS; GROWTH AB Periods of drought, common during the summer and fall in the southeastern USA, can be detrimental to growth of the shallow-rooted, temperate forage legume, white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Our objective was to determine the growth response (lateral spread, morphology) of white clover to a water-application gradient during the summer and fall on a Marietta fine sandy Loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrept). From May to October, a line-source irrigation system produced regimes of high, medium, low, and zero water-application across parallel 1.0-m rows of three cultivars and three germplasms transplanted (10 plants row(-1)) into a common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers, var. dactylon:) sod the previous fall. Plots were continuously-stocked (5-cm stubble) with cattle (Bos taurus L.). Each month, differences in lateral plant spread among entries were similar regardless of water-application regime. Within each regime, spread declined sharply after June and remained near a minimum (<0.20 m(2) row(-1)) from August until October, Yield and morphology differences among entries in July were similar in each of the water-application regimes as well. By October, however, there were differences in herbage yield, stolen length, and number of stolen apices among entries at the high water-application regime, but not at the medium, low, and zero regimes. The results suggest that either there is no difference in drought tolerance among these cultivars and germplasms, or that white clover drought tolerance does not impact growth in the presence of stresses such as grazing and associated grasses. C1 ARS, USDA, Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Brink, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 771 EP 775 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600024 ER PT J AU Bushamuka, VN Zobel, RW AF Bushamuka, VN Zobel, RW TI Differential genotypic and root type penetration of compacted soil layers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBSOIL COMPACTION; VEGETABLE CROPS; GROWTH; YIELD; TILLAGE; RICE AB Total number of root penetrations of compacted subsoil layers have been commonly used to assess plant tolerance to subsoil compaction. Root-type specific responses to compacted subsoil layers have not been investigated despite the documentation that plant root types are physiologically and genetically different, A set of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars were grown in growth chambers in containers with compacted middle layers (1.2 and 1.65 Mg m(-3)) of Howard soil (loamy skeletal, mixed, mesic Glossoboric Hapludalf) with 17% clay content. The containers mere exposed to a neutron beam to determine the relative roof lengths (RRL) of taproot (RTRL) and basal root (RBRL), the numbers of lateral roots in the compacted lager, and lengths of lateral roots above the compacted laver. The resulting neutron radiographic images revealed that maize 'SA-3' and soybean 'PI 416937' taproots penetrated the compacted layer and maintained >90% RTRL in the subsoil, but their basal roots hardly penetrated the compacted lager.In contrast, maize 'La Posts' and soybean 'Weber' taproots mere severely restricted by the compacted layer, but their basal roots penetrated the leger and had >70% RBRL in the subsoil. Maize 'TS-6' taproots were also restricted by the compacted layer, but TS-6 basal roots had a mode rate penetration that produced a 38% RBRL in the subsoil, On the other hand, soybean 'Perry' had a moderate penetration and RRLs in the subsoil with both tap and basal roots. This variation in root type response to subsoil compaction among cultivars stresses the importance of considering different roof types as distinct entities in studies on plant tolerance to compacted subsoil conditions. C1 USDA, REE ARS NAA AS & WCR, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Soil Crop & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zobel, RW (reprint author), USDA, REE ARS NAA AS & WCR, POB 400,1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM RichZ@rhizo.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 776 EP 781 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600025 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Ehlke, NJ Vellekson, DJ White, DB AF Waldron, BL Ehlke, NJ Vellekson, DJ White, DB TI Controlled freezing as an indirect selection method for field winterhardiness in turf-type perennial ryegrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOLIUM-PERENNE; WINTER HARDINESS; COLD TOLERANCE; ENVIRONMENTS; TEMPERATURE; YIELD AB Winterhardiness is a complex trait that has been difficult to select for in many Poaceae species. Controlled freezing has been investigated as a selection method to improve winterhardiness; however, most previous reports in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) have not provided estimates of genetic parameters, This research was conducted to determine the potential of controlled freezing as an indirect selection method for winterhardiness improvement in perennial ryegrass, Seedlings of perennial ryegrass half-sib families were frozen to -6 degrees C under controlled conditions with freezing tolerance evaluated after 3 wk recovery as visual injury and wet and dry weight shoot regrowth, The same seedlings were subjected to a second freezing treatment of -9 degrees C with freezing tolerance reevaluated. The combination freezing treatment of -6 degrees followed by -9 degrees C was more highly correlated with field winterhardiness than the single freezing treatment of -6 degrees C. Measuring freezing tolerance as wet weight after the combination freezing treatment resulted in the highest genetic correlation (r(A) = 0.91) indicating that this trait and field winterhardiness were under similar genetic control. Selection using the combination freezing treatment (-6 degrees C followed by -9 degrees C) dry weight evaluation was 58% as efficient as field selection for improving winterhardiness. Ten of the top 15 winter-hardy families were selected by regrowth evaluation following the combined freezing temperature treatment using a selection intensity of 35%, These favorable results, plus the additional benefit of short cycle time, indicate that controlled freezing can be successfully used as an indirect selection method for increasing winterhardiness in perennial ryegrass. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ehlke, NJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Buford Circle,411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 811 EP 816 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600031 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Ehlke, NJ Wyse, DL Vellekson, DJ AF Waldron, BL Ehlke, NJ Wyse, DL Vellekson, DJ TI Genetic variation and predicted gain from selection for winterhardiness and turf quality in a perennial ryegrass topcross population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER HARDINESS; LOLIUM-PERENNE AB Improved winterhardiness in turf-type perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) could expand its area of adaptation for turf and seed production, but breeding efforts have been hindered in part by a lack of identifiable winter-hardy germplasm, This research was conducted to estimate genetic variation for winterhardiness in a perennial ryegrass topcross population and to determine the feasibility of simultaneously improving turf quality and winter field survival, 'NK-200', a perennial ryegrass cultivar with acceptable winterhardiness in northern Minnesota, was topcrossed to a large sample of improved turf-type pe cultivars and 243 of the resulting half-sib families were selected for evaluation. Genetic variances, correlations, and predicted gain from single and multiple trait selection were estimated for winterhardiness and turf quality characteristics of half-sib progeny evaluated at two Minnesota locations in 1994 and 1995. Significant additive genetic variation and moderate narrow-sense heritability estimates were obtained for winterhardiness (sigma(A)(2), = 0.64 +/- 0.11; h(2) = 0.59 +/- 0.10). Fifty-five half-sib families had higher or equivalent winterhardiness than NK-200 suggesting transgressive segregation. Significant additive genetic variation was found for turf quality, crown rust (Puccinia coronata Corda) resistance, and leaf texture, but turf quality and leaf texture were undesirably correlated with winterhardiness (r(A) = - 0.15 and -0.25, respectively), Gain from selection estimates revealed that single trait selection could rapidly improve winterhardiness and turf quality. However, some form of multiple trait selection would be necessary to improve winterhardiness and turf quality traits simultaneously. These results indicate that the potential exists to develop improved turf-type perennial ryegrass germplasm with increased winterhardiness. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ehlke, NJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Buford Circle,411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 817 EP 822 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600032 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC AF Johnson, RC TI Genetic structure of regeneration populations of annual ryegrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Information is lacking concerning how regeneration procedures affect the genetic structure of accessions in germplasm repositories. The objective of this research was to compare the genetic structure of original seed populations with three different regeneration population types in three field grown accessions of Lolium multiflorum Lam. (annual ryegrass). The three regeneration samples were (i) balanced (equal number of seeds per plant combined), (ii) spike (an inflorescence per plant combined), and (iii) bulk (seeds combined proportionally according to seeds per plant). Analysis of 10 loci from eight isozymes was completed on populations of 88 plants for each accession and sampling method. Allelic frequency after the first regeneration in balanced populations deviated from the original at 4% of the polymorphic loci, with differences occurring at 19% of the loci for both spike and bulk populations. For one accession, a second regeneration cycle was completed. The balanced population did not differ from the original but the spike and bulk populations did differ from the original at 33% of the polymorphic loci. The greater deviation from the original allelic frequencies of spike and bulk populations was associated with their variation in progeny numbers per plant, which reduced effective population size (N-c) an average of 27%. After the first regeneration, mean heterozygosity per locus was 0.27, 0.28, and 0.26 for balanced, spike, and bulk populations, respectively, and mean alleles per locus was 2.6 for balanced and spike populations and 2.5 for bulk populations. Thus diversity, measured as heterozygosity and alleles per locus, was maintained nearly as well with bulk or spike samples as balanced samples. The results suggest that the major disadvantage of bulk and spike sampling was the potential for accelerated genetic drift associated with reduced N-c. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 851 EP 857 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600037 ER PT J AU Clausen, AM Spooner, DM AF Clausen, AM Spooner, DM TI Molecular support for the hybrid origin of the wild potato species Solanum x rechei SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SECT PETOTA; MORPHOLOGICAL DATA; CHLOROPLAST DNA; BEARING; REEXAMINATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB Twenty-seven of the 232 wild potato species (Solanum sect, Petota) have been hypothesized to be of natural hybrid origin. Prior molecular data have failed to support hybrid origins involving two other wild potato species, Solanum raphanifolium Cardenas and Hawkes and S. chacoense Bitter, and hybrid speciation has never been supported with molecular data in sect, Petota. This study was conducted to test the hybrid origin of Solanum x rechei Hawkes and Hjert. It is a locally common and weedy wild potato species from Argentina, occurring at the extreme southern end of the range of S. microdontum Wittm., and near the northern end of the range of S. kurtzianum Bitter, its two putative parents. Solanum x rechei is diploid (2n = 2x = 24) with triploid (2n = 3x = 36) populations, S. kurtzianum is diploid (2n = 2x - 24), and S. microdontum is diploid (2n = 2x = 24), with diploid populations at its extreme southern range. A Drier study supported the hybrid origin of S. x rechei by intermediate morphology of natural and synthetic hybrids, reduced pollen stainability of the natural and synthetic hybrids, and distributional evidence. but studies of ne iv collections and prior germplasm collections fail to support the morphological intermediacy of S, x rechei, but lack of morphological intermediacy is common for many hybrids. Hybrid origin was instead verified by reduced pollen stainability and additive parent-specific single- to low-copy nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in S. x rechei. These data suggest that other wild potato species also may be of hybrid origin, which may help explain some of the taxonomic confusion in the group. C1 Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Estac Expt Agropecuaria, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Clausen, AM (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Estac Expt Agropecuaria, CC 276, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. EM dsponner@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 858 EP 865 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600038 ER PT J AU Salhuana, W Pollak, LM Ferrer, M Paratori, O Vivo, G AF Salhuana, W Pollak, LM Ferrer, M Paratori, O Vivo, G TI Breeding potential of maize accessions from Argentina, Chile, USA, and Uruguay SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL MAIZE AB The Latin American Maize Project (LAMP) evaluated nearly 12 000 maize (Zea mays L,) accessions in 12 countries to select germ-plasm that can he used in breeding programs to improve commercial materials, In Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and the USA, 1692 and 988 native accessions were evaluated in the first and second period respectively. Sixty nine selected accessions were evaluated in all countries in the third stage. Accessions per se showed silk delay, indicating a lack of adaptation. The 69 selected accessions topcrossed with B73 x B14A, Oh43 x Mo17, and SR76 were evaluated in the four countries to (i) identify temperate accessions from Latin America and the USA that could enhance yield, tassel and silk synchronization, lodging resistance, and maturity; and (ii) identify the U,S, heterotic group to which the accessions belong. The topcross results identified germplasm equal or superior to the performance of the checks in all countries, indicating that selected germplasm could be used to increase yield. Even though topcrosses showed significant improvement for silk delay and stalk lodging across the accessions, additional improvement is needed to facilitate wider use of the material, The Argentinean accessions had the best mean per se and topcross performance. Some accessions performed well in most countries and should be included in cooperative enhancement efforts. C1 Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Miami, FL 33186 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. INTA, Pergamino Res Stn 2700, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Inst Invest Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile. Fac Agron, Paysandu, Uruguay. RP Salhuana, W (reprint author), Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, 9010 SW 137 Ave,Suite 101, Miami, FL 33186 USA. EM salhuana@phibred.com NR 17 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 866 EP 872 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600039 ER PT J AU Martinez-Reyna, JM Vogel, KP AF Martinez-Reyna, JM Vogel, KP TI Controlled hybridization technique for switchgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Controlled hybridizations of plants are necessary for genetic studies, including those that use molecular markers. A hybridization technique far grass species such as switchgrass, Panicum vilgatum L., with indurate floral bracts has not been previously reported, The objective of this study was to develop a technique for emasculating and hybridizing switchgrass. Emasculations were successful when the top of the stigmas could be seen through the translucent tips of the lemma and pales, Panicle branches containing 25 to 50 fertile Burets were emasculated at this stage after removing excess panicle brandies. Both sessile staminate florets and the fertile Burets of a spikelet were emasculated because removal of the sessile floret damaged the upper fertile floret. Emasculations and hybridization were completed before natural pollen shed, which occurs after 1000 h in the greenhouse. Panicle branches with emasculated florets were covered with glassine bags. Anthers from florets of male parents at a similar stage of development mere collected in petri dishes and shaken to induce pollen shed, Pollen in petri dishes was applied directly to stigmas of florets emasculated previously the same morning, The average percentage of crossability [(seed/floret emasculated and fertilized) 100] for crosses that produced seed was 27%, with a range of 4 to 86%. The procedure was successfully used to make controlled crosses in a greenhouse between plants of 'Summer', an upland tetraploid, and 'Kanlow', a lowland tetraploid switchgrass. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Grassland Studies, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 876 EP 878 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600041 ER PT J AU Hang, AN Silbernagel, MJ Miklas, PN Hosfield, GL AF Hang, AN Silbernagel, MJ Miklas, PN Hosfield, GL TI Registration of 'Burke' pinto bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hang, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 885 EP 885 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600046 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS Moreno-Sevilla, B Peterson, CJ Shelton, DR Baltensperger, DD Haley, SD Nelson, LA McVey, DV Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Schmidt, JW AF Baenziger, PS Moreno-Sevilla, B Peterson, CJ Shelton, DR Baltensperger, DD Haley, SD Nelson, LA McVey, DV Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Schmidt, JW TI Registration of 'Windstar' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013; Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 894 EP 895 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600062 ER PT J AU Elias, EM Miller, JD AF Elias, EM Miller, JD TI Registration of 'Ben' durum wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Elias, EM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 4 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 895 EP 895 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600063 ER PT J AU Marchetti, MA Bollich, CN Webb, BD Jackson, BR McClung, AM Scott, JE Hung, HH AF Marchetti, MA Bollich, CN Webb, BD Jackson, BR McClung, AM Scott, JE Hung, HH TI Registration of 'Jasmine 85' rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Delta Branch, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Researchers Inc, Glenn, CA 95943 USA. RP McClung, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1509 Imes Rd, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 896 EP 896 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600065 ER PT J AU Moldenhauer, KAK Gravois, KA Lee, FN Norman, RJ Bernhardt, JL Wells, BR Dilday, RH Blocker, MM Rohman, FC McMinn, TA AF Moldenhauer, KAK Gravois, KA Lee, FN Norman, RJ Bernhardt, JL Wells, BR Dilday, RH Blocker, MM Rohman, FC McMinn, TA TI Registration of 'Drew' rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Ext Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. ARS, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Moldenhauer, KAK (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Ext Ctr, POB 351, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 4 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 896 EP 897 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600066 ER PT J AU McClung, AM Marchetti, MA Webb, BD Bollich, CN AF McClung, AM Marchetti, MA Webb, BD Bollich, CN TI Registration of 'Dixiebelle' rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP McClung, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1509 Imes Rd, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 898 EP 898 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600067 ER PT J AU Silbernagel, MJ Hang, AN Miklas, PN AF Silbernagel, MJ Hang, AN Miklas, PN TI Registration of USWA-20 virus and root rot resistant pinto dry bean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Crops & Soils, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Hang, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Crops & Soils, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 899 EP 899 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600068 ER PT J AU Silbernagel, MJ Hang, AN Miklas, PN AF Silbernagel, MJ Hang, AN Miklas, PN TI Registration of USWA-27, a black and white, virus-resistant dry bean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Hang, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 899 EP 900 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600069 ER PT J AU Wilcox, JR AF Wilcox, JR TI Registration of C1944 and C1945 soybean germplasm with high seed protein and moderate seed oil concentration SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wilcox, JR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 900 EP 900 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600070 ER PT J AU Saunders, JW AF Saunders, JW TI Registration of REL-1 and REL-2 sugarbeet germplasms for tissue culture genetic manipulations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Saunders, JW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 901 EP 902 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600072 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of 10 sugarbeet germplasm C890 lines with resistance to rhizomania SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 902 EP 903 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600073 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT Kaffka, SR AF Lewellen, RT Kaffka, SR TI Registration of C913-70 sugarbeet germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 903 EP 903 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600074 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of C76-89-5 parental line of sugarbeet SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 905 EP 905 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZZ668 UT WOS:000074754600077 ER PT J AU Leopold, RA Rojas, RR Atkinson, PW AF Leopold, RA Rojas, RR Atkinson, PW TI Post pupariation cold storage of three species of flies: Increasing chilling tolerance by acclimation and recurrent recovery periods SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE housefly; blowfly; Musca domestica; Lucilia sericata; Lucilia cuprina; chilling tolerance; cold storage; pupae; pharate adults ID HOUSEFLY MUSCA-DOMESTICA; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; FLESH FLY; DIPTERA; TEMPERATURES; HARDINESS; MUSCIDAE; INJURY; FREEZE; STRESS AB Three species of flies were examined for chilling tolerance front the end of the pupariation to the onset of adult eclosion for the purpose of determining applicability for cold storage. For the housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae), survival to eclosion was affected by developmental stage/age, length of storage, and storage temperature. Houseflies that were closest to having experienced pupariation or the onset of eclosion were the least cold tolerant. For flies stored at 7 or 10 degrees C, age groups placed directly into storage at 36-72 and 36-48 h postpupariation, respectively, had significantly higher poststorage eclosion than younger or older age groups. Death was observed after only 2 or 3 days with the chilling intolerant groups while mid-aged groups survived 10-12 days under cold storage conditions. Damage could be reduced by giving the mid-aged groups chilled at 7 or 10 degrees C recurrent 2- or 3-h recovery periods every 4 days at 28 degrees C. Examination of O-2 consumption throughout the housefly pupal and pharate adult stages showed that the most chilling tolerant groups also had the lowest metabolic activity. Combining a prestorage 17-h slow cooling acclimation interval with the recurrent recovery periods increased eclosion of adults 20% for the 12- to 24-h group after 21 days storage at 7 degrees C. Two blowfly species, Lucilia cuprina and Lucilia sericata (Diptera, Calliphoridae), survived 10 degrees C storage best when given a weekly 4-h recovery period. Survival at 90 days poststorage was nearly 50% for L. cuprina and 80% for L. sericata. Increasing survival under subambient temperatures for all three species appears to relate to whether there is a stage of development which allows cold-induced lowering of metabolism that results in a dormant status best characterized as hibernal quiescence. This study indicates that periodic warming during cold storage increases survival by allowing a chilling intolerant stage to develop to a more tolerant stage and/or by eliminating accumulated toxic metabolites, (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Leopold, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 3 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1006/cryo.1998.2081 PG 12 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA ZL990 UT WOS:000073493800006 PM 9597741 ER PT J AU Kiss, L Nakasone, KK AF Kiss, L Nakasone, KK TI Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences do not support the species status of Ampelomyces quisqualis, a hyperparasite of powdery mildew fungi SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Ampelomyces spp.; biological control; powdery mildews; ribosomal DNA; internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region ID CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; PHYLOGENIES; BOOTSTRAP; CUCUMBER AB Phylogenetic relationships among Ampelomyces isolates, pycnidial hyperparasites and biological control agents of powdery mildews, were inferred from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Currently, these hyperparasites are considered to be a single species, A. quisqualis, despite observed morphological and cultural differences. Ten Ampelomyces isolates, representing seven previously defined ITS RFLP groups, were sequenced and analyzed. Sequence-divergence values among isolates belonging to different RFLP groups ranged from 4.3 to 22.4%, suggesting that these isolates may represent different taxa. When Ampelomyces ITS sequences were analyzed by cladistic methods with the sequences of other ascomycetous fungi, they formed two lineages in the Dothideales. Slow-growing Ampelomyces isolates formed a clade with Leptosphaeria microscopica and L. nodorum, whereas fast-growing Ampelomyces isolates formed a clade with Epicoccum nigrum. Sequence-divergence values between these two clades ranged from 17.3 to 22.4%, suggesting that the taxa in the two clades are not closely related and possibly not congeneric. The data presented here indicate that the identification of 'A. quisqualis' isolates used in biological control experiments should be re-evaluated. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM Karen.Nakasone/fpl@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 362 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s002940050348 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ZW429 UT WOS:000074410100007 PM 9618587 ER PT J AU Johnson, DE Oppert, B McGaughey, WH AF Johnson, DE Oppert, B McGaughey, WH TI Spore coat protein synergizes Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxicity for the indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella) SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; PYRALIDAE; TOXIN; NOCTUIDAE; BIOASSAY; STRAINS; LARVAE AB Sports from Bacillus thuringiensis serovars kurstaki and entomocidus synergized crystal protein toxicity for larvae of the Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella). Preparations of spore-crystal mixtures of either serovar were more toxic for the larvae than either purified sports or crystals alone (based on dry weight). Spores lost 53% of their toxicity for the Indianmeal moth after 2 h of W-irradiation, but remained partially toxic (28%) even after 4 h of irradiation, Spore coat protein was toxic for the Indianmeal moth and was synergistic with B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD-1 crystal protein. Enhanced toxicity of the combined sport-crystal preparation was attributed to a combination of crystal and spore coat protein, and included the effects of spore germination and resulting septicemia in the larval hemolymph. Ultraviolet irradiation of spores reduced the toxicity from septicemia but not the synergism caused by spore coat protein. The potencies of spore-crystal preparations must be carefully evaluated on the basis of contributions from all three factors. C1 USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Johnson, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s002849900310 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZG797 UT WOS:000073040700006 ER PT J AU Scott, CT AF Scott, CT TI Sampling methods for estimating change in forest resources SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ecological Resource Monitoring - Change and Trend Detection CY MAY 01-03, 1996 CL LAUREL, MD SP Sustainable Biosphere Initiat, Ecol Soc Amer, Ecol Soc Amer, Stat Ecol Sect, Amer Stat Assoc, Stat & Environ Sect DE change estimation; Continuous Forest Inventory; forest sampling; monitoring; plot design; sampling with partial replacement; systematic sampling ID PARTIAL REPLACEMENT; DESIGN; GROWTH AB Changes in forest resources have been estimated in a variety of ways. This paper focuses on extensive forest surveys rather than on sentinel-site investigations. The sampling design and plot design used are key to precise estimates of change. Alternative sampling designs include temporary surveys, Continuous Forest Inventory, and Sampling with Partial Replacement. Each can be used in conjunction with stratified sampling or double sampling for stratification. Plot designs can involve variable-radius or Bitterlich sampling for trees, and fixed-area plots for most attributes. In extensive surveys, it is efficient to group plots into clusters. Plots must be sampled at a frequency that is commensurate with the rate of change, degree of interest, and funding available. Often, plots are less than a hectare in size and spaced widely across the population. Continuous Forest Inventory, with or without stratification, is efficient for estimating current values, net change, and components of change. Much work remains in scaling to understand landscape-level interactions and to identify stressors and indicators of forest health and sustainability. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Scott, CT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 8 IS 2 BP 228 EP 233 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZL573 UT WOS:000073447900002 ER PT J AU Ohmann, JL Spies, TA AF Ohmann, JL Spies, TA TI Regional gradient analysis and spatial pattern of woody plant communities of Oregon forests SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE canonical correspondence analysis; forest ecology; gradient analysis; Oregon; plant communities; regional vegetation analysis; species diversity; variance partitioning; woody plants ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN FORESTS; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; LEAF-AREA; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; MANAGED FORESTS; PUTTING THINGS; VEGETATION AB Knowledge of regional-scale patterns of ecological community structure, and of factors that control them, is largely conceptual. Regional- and local-scale factors associated with regional variation in community composition have not been quantified. We analyzed data on woody plant species abundance from 2443 field plots across natural and seminatural forests and woodlands of Oregon to identify and quantify environmental, biotic, and disturbance factors associated with regional gradients of woody species composition; to examine how these factors change with scale (geographic extent) and location; and to characterize and map geographic patterns of species and environmental gradients. Environmental correlates of species gradients, species diversity patterns, and the spatial patterning of woody plant communities varied with geographic extent and location. Total variation explained (TVE) by canonical correspondence analyses (CCAs) was 9-15% at three hierarchical geographic extents: the entire state, two half-states, and five subregions. Our high level of unexplained species variation is typical of vegetation gradient analyses, which has been attributed to landscape effects, stochastic processes, and unpredictable historical events. In addition, we found that TVE in canonical correspondence analysis is confounded by sample size. Large numbers of plots and species, as in our study, are associated with lower TVEs, and we propose a mechanism for this phenomenon. Climate contributed most to TVE (46-60%) at all locations and extents, followed by geology (11-19%), disturbance (6-12%), and topography (4-8%). Seasonal variability and extremes in climate were more important in explaining species gradients than were mean annual climatic conditions. In addition, species gradients were more strongly associated with climatic conditions during the growing season than in winter. The dominant gradient at the state scale was from the lower elevation, moderate, maritime climate along the coast to the higher elevation, drier, continental climate of eastern Oregon. The second canonical axis followed a gradient from the warm, dry, growing seasons of the western interior valleys and eastern Cascade Range to the cooler, wetter mountainous areas. Geologic variables were most strongly correlated with axis 3, and measures of local site and disturbance with axis 4. For most of the state, our findings on the associations of disturbance factors with species gradients were inconclusive due to confounding of land ownership patterns, disturbance histories, and elevation in our sample. Near the coast, where gradients were not confounded, clear-cutting and stand age accounted for only 2 and 1% of TVE, respectively, in partial CCA. Ordinations of our long, regional gradients were influenced more by species presence than by abundance, and few woody species have been totally eliminated from sites by clear-cutting. Within Oregon and for the range of geographic extents we examined, variation in the environmental correlates of species gradients was more strongly associated with geographic location than with geographic extent, although topographic factors explained slightly more variation at smaller geographic extents. The greatest subregional contrast in vegetation character was between eastern and northwestern Oregon, and the Klamath subregion was intermediate. In the drier climate of eastern Oregon, community structure varied at a finer spatial scale, and climatic and topographic moisture were more strongly associated with species gradients than in the moister areas of western Oregon. Topographic effects were weakest and climatic effects strongest near the coast, where climate is moderate. Alpha and gamma diversity were greater in western Oregon, but beta diversity was greater in eastern Oregon and greater for shrubs than for trees. Our findings supported a conceptual model of multiscaled controls on vegetation distribution, and the related notion that local community structure is the result of both regional and local-scale processes. Despite strong ecological contrasts within the region, we were able to synthesize species-environment relations at the regional level. This suggests that apparent conflicts among local vegetation studies can be explained by real ecological differences among places. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 84 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 68 IS 2 BP 151 EP 182 DI 10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0151:RGAASP]2.0.CO;2 PG 32 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZK434 UT WOS:000073320500001 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI Environmental considerations in the fertilizer use decision SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural production; environmental impact; fertilizer use; market efficiency ID NITROGEN AB The increase in the use of fertilizer in agricultural production has been associated with a substantial increase in agricultural productivity in the United States. This increase in fertilizer use has been driven by a variety of economic forces including variations in the price of output and changing relative factor prices. Associated with the increase in the use of fertilizer have been adverse environ:al mental consequences that are not reflected in the costs and returns of agricultural production. That is, externalities exist whose cost need to be internalized. Because the use of fertilizer has been shown to respond to market forces, it is efficient to use the market to control the use of fertilizer. This can be done through, for example, the use of a fertilizer tax. C1 Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA ZQ055 UT WOS:000073816900004 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Keim, RW Lu, YC Uri, ND Kelley, T AF Huang, WY Keim, RW Lu, YC Uri, ND Kelley, T TI The impact of the nitrogen carryover effect on economic activity and the environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural production; agriculture and the environment; soil nitrogen tests; technological change AB The economic and environmental consequences of soil nitrogen tests can have significant impacts on agricultural production. Some of these are explored here. The pre-side-dress soil N-test is evaluated for a hypothetical farmer growing corn at the ARS Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Farm site in southern Maryland. For a farmer not currently using a soil N-test, adoption of this technology can lead to the enhancement of net farm income and the reduction in nitrogen loss to the environment. This will transpire only if the farmer is currently underestimating nitrogen carryover by more than 25% or applying nitrogen fertilizer based solely on an expected plateau-yield goal. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20151 USA. Massey Univ, Dept Agr & Hort Syst Management, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 116 EP 127 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA ZQ055 UT WOS:000073816900006 ER PT J AU Gupta, M Miggens, J Parrish, A Womack, J Ramos, KS Rodriguez, LV Goldstein, LS Holtzapple, C Stanker, L Safe, SH AF Gupta, M Miggens, J Parrish, A Womack, J Ramos, KS Rodriguez, LV Goldstein, LS Holtzapple, C Stanker, L Safe, SH TI Ah receptor-independent induction of CYP1A2 gene expression in genetically inbred mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acenaphthylene; CYP1A2 induction; mice; Ah receptor-independent ID XENOBIOTIC RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS; METHYLENEDIOXYPHENYL COMPOUNDS; CYTOCHROME-P-450 ISOZYMES; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE; B6C3F1 MICE; P-450C GENE; BINDING; MOUSE; 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE AB Acenaphthylene is a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which induces hepatic methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD) activity and CYP1A2 mRNA levels in 2 week-old male B6C3F1 mice. In the present study, this induction response was further investigated in genetically-inbred mice which differ in their aryl-hydrocarbon (Ah)-responsiveness. Acenapthylene (300 mg/kg) induced a 5- to 23-fold induction of MROD activity in Ah-nonresponsive (DBA and SJL) and responsive (C3H, C57/BL6, A/J, CBA and B6C3F1) mice. The highest induction response was observed in the DBA strain in which there was a 23- and 15-fold increase in activity in males and females, respectively. Acenaphthylene also caused a 2-fold increase in CYP1A2 mRNA and immunoreactive protein levels in 2 week-old DBA mice; however, this induction response was not observed in 6 week-old animals. For example, MROD activity in 6 week-old DBA mice was induced < 2-fold by acenaphthylene, mainly as a consequence of increased basal CYP1A2 expression and MROD activity which, at the age of 6 weeks, approached levels induced by acenaphthylene in the 2 week-old mice. This was also observed by immunohistochemical staining with CYP1A2 antibodies of 2 and 6 week-old hepatic tissue from treated and control mice which also showed that CYP1A2 induction was dependent on the age of the animals. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Md Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. USDA, ARS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Safe, SH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ssafe@cvm.tamu.edu OI Parrish, Alan/0000-0002-5215-4496 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S1382-6689(98)00004-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA ZV767 UT WOS:000074339100005 PM 21781866 ER PT J AU Verhoeven, JTJ Arts, MSJ Owens, RA Roenhorst, JW AF Verhoeven, JTJ Arts, MSJ Owens, RA Roenhorst, JW TI Natural infection of petunia by chrysanthemum stunt viroid SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; identification; Surfinia AB A viroid that behaved similar to chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) during return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been detected in petunia. Subsequent transmission studies as well as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis showed that the viroid is indeed a strain of CSVd. As long as the viroid is absent from plants used for vegetative propagation, it appears not to pose a serious threat to petunia cultivation. C1 Plant Protect Serv, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Verhoeven, JTJ (reprint author), Plant Protect Serv, POB 9102, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. OI Verhoeven, Ko/0000-0002-7362-3079 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 104 IS 4 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1023/A:1008688023649 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 103CQ UT WOS:000074964200007 ER PT J AU Zangerl, AR Nitao, JK AF Zangerl, AR Nitao, JK TI Optimal defence, kin conflict and the distribution of furanocoumarins among offspring of wild parsnip SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE defence; endosperm; furanocoumarins; kin conflict; Pastinaca sativa; seeds; wild parsnip ID PASTINACA-SATIVA L; SEED SIZE; SEXUAL SELECTION; GROWTH; GERMINATION; PLANTS; WEIGHT; MAIZE; UMBELLIFERAE; DEFLORATION AB The factors influencing the allocation of chemical defences to plant offspring have largely been unexplored, conceptually and experimentally. Because evolutionary interactions between maternal plants and their progeny can affect resource allocation patterns among sibling offspring, we suggest that kin conflict as well as herbivore-plant interaction theories need to be considered to predict chemical defence allocation patterns. Optimal defence theory predicts that maternal plants should defend more heavily those offspring in which resources have been disproportionately invested. In contrast, kin conflict theory predicts that natural selection will favour genotypes that can compete successfully for maternal defences irrespective of their quality, even at the expense of the fitness of siblings and the maternal plant. Evidence for these defence patterns were evaluated by examining the allocation of furanocoumarins to seeds of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa, Apiaceae). Furanocoumarins are toxins that are localized within the oil tubes of the maternal tissues of seeds. We evaluated the role of offspring investment (endosperm mass) and seed genotype on furanocoumarin allocation by mating an array of pollen donors with pollen recipients. Furanocoumarins were found to be positively correlated with endosperm mass on one side of the seed, a result consistent with optimal defence theory; however, on the other side of the seed, furanocoumarin content was influenced by seed genotype and was unrelated to endosperm mass. These effects varied with maternal plant. Further experiments demonstrated that nearly 80% of furanocoumarin production occurs after pollination, when fertilization products are active. Although the amount of furanocoumarin influenced by the seed genotype is small relative to the total quantity in the seed, these furanocoumarins are the first line of defence against important predators, such as the parsnip webworm, Depressaria pastinacella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). We found that parsnip webworm larvae were able to discriminate among genotypes within an inflorescence. In line with previous studies, these results suggest that a genotype's ability to influence furanocoumarin defence may a?ect its probability of survival. We conclude that the distribution of defences among plant offspring in wild parsnip is probably influenced by competition among seed genotypes that conflicts with maternal optimal defence. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zangerl, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall,505 S Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-7653 J9 EVOL ECOL JI Evol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 443 EP 457 DI 10.1023/A:1006572805289 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZK263 UT WOS:000073301700004 ER PT J AU Denisova, NA Erat, SA Kelly, JF Roth, GS AF Denisova, NA Erat, SA Kelly, JF Roth, GS TI Differential effect of aging on cholesterol modulation of carbachol-stimulated low-K-m GTPase in striatal synaptosomes SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; synaptosomes; cholesterol; G-protein; microviscosity ID MEMBRANE LIPID-COMPOSITION; HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS; EVOKED DOPAMINE RELEASE; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; RAT FRONTAL-CORTEX; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; SPHINGOMYELIN DEGRADATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Previous research has suggested that age-related decline in physiological functions may be the result of substantial alterations in membrane molecular structure. The purpose of the present experiments was to elucidate the role of cholesterol domains in the age-related decline in receptor-G-protein interactions in striatal synaptosomes. We observed a significant age-related deficit in muscarinic cholinergic stimulated Low-K-m GTPase activity and its age-related susceptibility to cholesterol treatment in range of 10(-10)-10(-5) M. Treatment of synaptosomes from old rats with cholesterol in range of 10(-8)-10(-6) M restored the Low-K-m, GTPase activity up to the level seen in young animals and reached a maximum at 10(-7) M. In synaptosomes from young rats, however, cholesterol treatment did not have any effect on striatal Low-K-m GTPase activity. We observed significant alterations in the membrane lipid composition of striatal synaptosomes as a function of age. Our results suggested a significant interaction of age and cholesterol treatment on physical properties of striatal synaptosomes. Thus, the present results of experiments in vitro support our previous results of experiments in vivo and suggested an interaction of cholesterol domains with muscarinic-cholinergic receptor G-protein alpha subunit coupling/uncoupling through regulation of physical properties of striatal synaptosomes. Published by Elsevier-Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Mol Physiol & Genet Sect,Lab Cellular & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM denissova_ne@hnrc.tufts.edu NR 71 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 EI 1873-6815 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 33 IS 3 BP 249 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00096-X PG 17 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA ZJ863 UT WOS:000073261300006 PM 9615923 ER PT J AU Ross, RJ DeGroot, RC AF Ross, RJ DeGroot, RC TI Scanning technique to identify biologically degraded wood SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 32 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.1998.tb01282.x PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA ZP492 UT WOS:000073758900008 ER PT J AU Obin, M Shang, F Gong, X Handelman, G Blumberg, J Taylor, A AF Obin, M Shang, F Gong, X Handelman, G Blumberg, J Taylor, A TI Redox regulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes: mechanistic insights using the thiol-specific oxidant diamide SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; E1; E2; glutathione; diamide; ubiquitin-activating enzyme ID ACTIVATING ENZYME; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; KAPPA-B; PROTEIN; DEGRADATION; PATHWAY AB The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) regulates critical cell processes, including the cell cycle, cytokine-induced gene expression, differentiation, and cell death. Recently we demonstrated that this pathway responds to oxidative stress in mammalian cells and proposed that activities of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are regulated by cellular redox status (i.e., GSSG:GSH ratio). To test this hypothesis, we altered the GSSG:GSH ratio in retinal pigment epithelial cells with the thiol-specific oxidant, diamide, and assessed activities of the WP. Treatment of cells with diamide resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the GSSG:GSH ratio resulting from loss of GSH and a coincident increase in GSSG. Increases in the GSSG:GSH ratio from 0.02 in untreated cells to greater than or equal to 0.5 in diamide-treated cells were accompanied by dose-dependent reductions in the levels of endogenous Ub-protein conjugates, endogenous E1 similar to ubiquitin thiol esters, and de novo ubiquitin-conjugating activity. As determined by the ability to form E1-ubiquitin and EB-ubiquitin thiol esters, E1 and E2s were both inhibited by elevated GSSG:GSH ratios. Inhibition of E1 was associated with the formation of E1-protein mixed disulfides. Activities of E1 and E2s gradually recovered to preoxidation levels, coincident with gradual recovery of the GSSG:GSH ratio. These data support S-thiolation/dethiolation as a mechanism regulating E1 and E2 activities in response to oxidant insult. Ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic capacity was regulated by the GSSG:GSH ratio in a manner con consistent with altered ubiquitin-conjugating activity. However, ubiquitin-independent proteolysis was unaffected by changes in the GSSG:GSH ratio. Potential adaptive and pathological consequences of redox regulation of UPP activities are discussed. C1 Tufts Univ, JMUSDA, HNRCA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JMUSDA, HNRCA, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JMUSDA, HNRCA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Taylor_cl@hnrc.tufts.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [EY11735-01] NR 38 TC 149 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 12 IS 7 BP 561 EP 569 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZM284 UT WOS:000073523100006 PM 9576483 ER PT J AU Blankemeyer, JT McWilliams, ML Rayburn, JR Weissenberg, M Friedman, M AF Blankemeyer, JT McWilliams, ML Rayburn, JR Weissenberg, M Friedman, M TI Developmental toxicology of solamargine and solasonine glycoalkaloids in frog embryos SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS; POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; ALPHA-CHACONINE; STEROIDAL GLYCOALKALOIDS; SOLANUM-MELONGENA; ALKALOIDS; TOXICITY; SOLASODINE; LOCALIZATION; HYDROLYSIS AB As part of an effort to improve the safety of plant foods, a need exists to define the relative toxicities of structurally different glycoalkaloids and metabolites which may be present in Solanum plant species such as potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants. The objectives of this study were to determine the relative toxicities and the modes of action of the eggplant (Solanum melongena) glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine in Xenopus laevis frog embryos, using membrane potential and embryo growth and teratogenicity assays. In the cell membrane assays, adverse effects on embryos were evaluated by measuring membrane potentials using an electrochromic dye, di-4-ANEPPS, as a fluorescence probe for the integrity of the membranes. In the embryo growth and teratogenesis assays, the survival of the embryos and organ malformations was used as an index of embryo toxicity. The relative potencies of glycoalkaloids are similar for frog embryo effects (survival and teratogenicities) and for membrane effects (membrane potential). Experiments with solasonine at pH 6 and 8 suggest that the unprotonated form of the glycoalkaloids appears to be involved in the membrane effects. The nature of the carbohydrate side-chains of the steroidal glycosides governs relative potencies. The possible significance of the findings to food safety and plant physiology and possible application of the membrane assays to bacterial toxins are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, GED, Natl Res Council Associate, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 45 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00164-6 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA ZU842 UT WOS:000074241100003 PM 9662413 ER PT J AU Luppold, WG Baumgras, JE Sheffield, RM AF Luppold, WG Baumgras, JE Sheffield, RM TI A comparative analysis of hardwood sawtimber quality on national forests versus adjacent lands SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Since the mid 1980s, increased public scrutiny of timber sales in national forests and changes in Forest Service policy have resulted in delayed or reduced sales of hardwood sawtimber. As a result, the hardwood industry has become increasingly concerned about future supplies of timber from national forests. On the surface, these concerns seem difficult to understand since national forests contain only 7 percent of the nation's hardwood sawtimber. To determine the validity of these concerns, the relative quality of sawtimber on national forest lands was compared with that on adjacent lands for 41 eastern Forest Service survey units. This analysis found large variations in the relative quantity and quality of hardwood sawtimber on national forests. Many national forests in the Appalachian region have proportionately more high-quality timber than adjacent lands, while the quality of hardwood on national forests in the South appears to be similar to that on private lands. Because of a lack of data entree quality, the proportional volumes of quality timber on public and private lands could not be determined for the Central region. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Luppold, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 48 IS 5 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZN957 UT WOS:000073701000009 ER PT J AU Stage, AR Wykoff, WR AF Stage, AR Wykoff, WR TI Adapting distance-independent forest growth models to represent spatial variability: Effects of sampling design on model coefficients SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE measurement error models; patchy stands; individual tree model; structural based prediction; competition indices ID LOBLOLLY-PINE STANDS; BASAL AREA GROWTH; PROJECTIONS; INCREMENT; TREES; ERROR AB If sampling variability of competition variables can be accommodated, a distance-independent growth model can (1) simulate patchy stands inventoried by a grid of sampling locations; (2) prescribe treatments for each location; and (3) update inventories using plot sizes differing from those used in model calibration. Ignoring sampling properties of competition biases estimates of stand development and management responses. Our solution to reduce this bias has three steps: First, we model the sampling properties of the competition estimates depending on plot sizes and on spatial patterns. Then we use the modeled error variances when estimating parameters of the structural relation of growth to competition. Finally, we join these two products in a Structural Based Prediction (SBP) procedure that dynamically modifies coefficients during simulation. SEP increases sensitivity to spatial variation and permits valid analyses of location-specific prescriptions for varying inventory designs. In a model of diameter change for individual Pseudostuga menziesii var, glauca (Beissn,) Franco, coefficients of the competition variables estimated under the structural model were three times as large as when estimated under an ordinary least-squares criterion. This increase reduced sensitivity to crown ratio. Two variants of the Prognosis Model for Stand Development were constructed to compare behavioral changes. (1) using SEP, and (2) using the OLS-based coefficient estimates of the same diameter-growth submodel. Projections with the two variants differed in the internal structures of both uniform and irregular stands and using several sampling methods. Stand averages of volume growth were similar for uniform stands-either from uniform regeneration or from uniformity created by thinning patchy stands. However, the thinning response in patchy stands differed between the two variants. Analysis of the variance model showed little sensitivity within the range of half to twice the Poisson-based estimates of competition variance. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP USDA, Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM wykoff@forest.moscowfsl.wsu.edu NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 44 IS 2 BP 224 EP 238 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZM139 UT WOS:000073508600005 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM Muzika, RM Gottschalk, KW AF Liebhold, AM Muzika, RM Gottschalk, KW TI Does thinning affect gypsy moth dynamics? SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; silviculture; survivorship; parasitism; disease ID LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; POPULATIONS; SERIES AB In northeastern U.S. forests there is considerable variation in susceptibility (defoliation potential) and vulnerability (tree mortality) to gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar [L.]). Thinning has been suggested as a way to reduce susceptibility and/or vulnerability. We evaluated how thinning affected the dynamics of gypsy moth populations by experimentally thinning half of each of eight oak-mixed hardwood stands in the Central Appalachians. Population dynamics of gypsy moth were monitored using yearly counts of egg masses, numbers of larvae hatching per mass, estimates of larval density, and weekly collections of larvae and pupae which were reared to quantify mortality due to parasitoids and disease. During the 8 yr study, three stands were heavily defoliated by outbreak populations of gypsy moth, three were sprayed with pesticides accidentally, and two were not disturbed. Egg-mass densities were slightly lower in the thinned portions of the undisturbed stands, but thinning had little or no effect on gypsy moth densities in defoliated and sprayed stands. Variation in mortality of gypsy moth caused by parasitoids and disease was related to variation in egg-mass densities in the current and/or preceding years. After adjusting for the effect of gypsy moth density, thinning had no significant effect on mortality from parasitoids or pathogens. We conclude that any reduction in egg mass densities as a result of thinning is likely related to the reduction in foliar biomass, not increased natural enemy activity. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM sandy@gypsy.fsl.wvnet.edu; rmm@gypsy.fsl.wvnet.edu; kurt@gypsy.fsl.wvnet.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 44 IS 2 BP 239 EP 245 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZM139 UT WOS:000073508600006 ER PT J AU Gove, JH Patil, GP AF Gove, JH Patil, GP TI Modeling the basal area-size distribution of forest stands: A compatible approach SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diameter distributions; maximum likelihood; parameter recovery; weighted distributions ID DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; WEIGHTED DISTRIBUTIONS; WEIBULL FUNCTION; PINE STANDS; PARAMETERS; FRAMEWORK AB This paper presents a methodology that allows diameter distributions to be conformably modeled by letting the probability density represent either tree frequency as in the classic case, or basal area. The key to relating the two forms of the probability density is shown to lie in weighted distribution theory, The motivation for the relationship lies in the quadratic relationship between diameter at breast height and basal area. The weighted distribution approach is shown to be compatible with current methods of calculating quantities such as basal area by diameter class, but in addition, affords the development of new equations useful in parameter recovery or similar modeling strategies. Relationships are developed for ail of the major distributions found to have been useful in forestry for fitting diameter distribution models. Several stands to which the two-and three-parameter Weibull distributions have been fitted are also presented. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, Ctr Stat Ecol & Environm Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 34 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 44 IS 2 BP 285 EP 297 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZM139 UT WOS:000073508600011 ER PT J AU Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Dougherty, PM Kress, LW King, JS AF Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Dougherty, PM Kress, LW King, JS TI Leaf area and above- and belowground growth responses of loblolly pine to nutrient and water additions SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth efficiency; biomass partitioning ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; DOUGLAS-FIR; FINE ROOTS; CARBON; DYNAMICS; FERTILIZATION; RADIATA; PRODUCTIVITY; IRRIGATION; STANDS AB A 2 x 2 nutrient and water factorial experiment with four replications was installed in an 8-yr-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growing on an infertile, excessively drained sandy site in Scotland County, North Carolina. After the fourth year of treatment, estimated stem volume increment, total biomass production, and peak leaf area index (LAI) increased 152%, 99%, and 101%, respectively, with fertilization and 25%, 23%, 16%, respectively, with irrigation. Stem volume growth efficiency (growth per unit LAI) increased 21% with fertilization, 9% with irrigation, and 30% with both fertilization and irrigation, Total biomass production efficiency increased 91% with fertilization, 29% with irrigation, and 120% with both fertilization and irrigation. The observed increase in stem volume growth efficiency may have been due, in part, to changes in biomass partitioning, However, altered partitioning patterns alone did not explain the observed increase in total biomass production efficiency, We hypothesized that the change in total biomass production efficiency may have been a result of greater allocation to foliage (photosynthesizing tissue) and less allocation to fine roots (a high maintenance respiration tissue) under fertilization and irrigation treatments. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Westvaco Corp, Forest Sci Lab, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Albaugh, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim_albaugh@ncsu.edu; allenl@cfr.cfr.ncsu.edu; pmdough@weslvaco.com; jsking@mtu.com NR 47 TC 277 Z9 288 U1 2 U2 38 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 44 IS 2 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZM139 UT WOS:000073508600014 ER PT J AU Wadsworth, FH AF Wadsworth, FH TI The International Institute of Tropical Forestry SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, Int Cooperat, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00928 USA. RP Wadsworth, FH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Cooperat, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, POB 25000, San Juan, PR 00928 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 74 IS 3 BP 401 EP 402 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZZ218 UT WOS:000074707400037 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B Erat, SA Joseph, JA AF Shukitt-Hale, B Erat, SA Joseph, JA TI Spatial learning and memory deficits induced by dopamine administration with decreases glutathione SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE glutathione; buthionine sulfoximine; dopamine; oxidative stress; cognitive performance; Morris water maze; aging; free radicals ID L-BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; WATER-MAZE; AGED RATS; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT; SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR; BRAIN GLUTATHIONE; FREE-RADICALS; AGING MOUSE; DEPLETION AB Administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) selectively inhibits glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and induces a GSH deficiency. Decreased GSH levels in the brain may result in less oxidative stress (OS) protection, because GSH contributes substantially to intracellular antioxidant defense. Under these conditions, administration of the pro-oxidant, dopamine (DA), which rapidly oxidizes to form reactive oxygen species, may increase OS. To test the cognitive behavioral consequences of decreased GSH, ESO (3.2 mg in 30 mu l, intracerebroventricularly) was administered to male Fischer 344 rats every other day for 4 days. In addition, DA (15 mu l of 500 mu M) was administered every day [either 1h after BSO (BSO + DA group) or 1h before BSO (DA + BSO group), when given on the same day as BSO] and spatial learning and memory assessed (Morris water maze, six trials/day). BSO + DA rats, but not DA + BSO rats, demonstrated cognitive impairment compared to a vehicle group, as evidenced by increased latencies to find the hidden platform, particularly on the first trial each day. Also, the BSO + DA group utilized non-spatial strategies during the probe trials (swim with no platform): i.e., less time spent in the platform quadrant, fewer crossings and longer latencies to the previous platform location, and more time spent around the edge of the pool rather than in the platform zone. Therefore, the cognitive behavioral consequences of decreasing GSH brain levels with BSO in conjunction with DA administration depends on the order of administration. These findings are similar to those seen previously on rod and plank walking performance, as well as to those seen in aged rats, suggesting that the oxidation of DA coupled with a reduced capacity to respond to oxidative stress may be responsible for the induction of age-related cognitive deficits. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Room 919, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 49 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 24 IS 7-8 BP 1149 EP 1158 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00399-7 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZP915 UT WOS:000073801200011 PM 9626569 ER PT J AU Quideau, SA Graham, RC Chadwick, OA Wood, HB AF Quideau, SA Graham, RC Chadwick, OA Wood, HB TI Organic carbon sequestration under chaparral and pine after four decades of soil development SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean ecosystems; C/N ratio; density and size fractionation ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; MATTER; NITROGEN; CULTIVATION; TERM; OAK AB Soils are the largest carbon reservoir of terrestrial ecosystems, and play a central role in the global carbon cycle. The larger lysimeter installation at the San Dimas Experimental Forest in southern California allowed quantification of carbon storage in a biosequence of soils under chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. and Arn.), hoaryleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius Torr.), scrub oak (Quercus dumosa Nutt.), and Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri B. Don). After four decades of soil development, carbon sequestration in the lysimeters ranged from 4552 to 17,561 g m(-2). Carbon accretin in the mineral soils (0-1 m) under chaparral represented a larger percentage of total above-ground biomass (23-27%) as compared to the pine (13%). Also, contribution of the A horizon to whole soil (0-1 m) OC sequestration was higher under chaparral than under pine. Carbon accretion in the surface horizons was related to earthworm activity, which was intense under scrub oak, but absent under pine. Soils sampled in 1987 and corresponding archived fill materials were fractioned according to density and mineral particle size fractions, and analyzed for OC and N by dry combustion. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations in all mineral soil fractions can be ranked from highest to lowest by plant species: ceanothus > chamise > scrub oak > Coulter pine. Under chaparral, a greater proportion of total soil carbon was recovered in the sand fraction as compared to the pine. The C/N ratio of this sand-sized organic matter was higher under chaparral than under pine. This is indicative of fresh plant residues that may not contribute to the long-term carbon storage in soils. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Quideau, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM quideau@citrus.ucr.edu; graham@citrus.ucr.edu; oac@geog.ucsb.edu RI Quideau, Sylvie/C-9646-2015 OI Quideau, Sylvie/0000-0002-2297-9024 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAY PY 1998 VL 83 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00142-0 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZQ204 UT WOS:000073833200004 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, HH Morre, DJ AF Mollenhauer, HH Morre, DJ TI The tubular network of the Golgi apparatus SO HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; UBIQUINONE BIOSYNTHESIS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PROTEIN-TRANSPORT; SPINACH LEAVES; DICTYOSOMES; PLANT; CELLS; PLASTOQUINONE; ARCHITECTURE AB Golgi apparatus of both plant and animal cells are characterized by an extensive system of approximately 30 nm diameter peripheral tubules. The total surface area of the tubules and associated fenestrae is thought to be approximately equivalent to that of the flattened portions of cisternae. The tubules may extend for considerable distances from the stacks. The tubules are continuous with the peripheral edges of the stacked cisternae, but the way they interconnect differs across the stack. In plant cells, for example, tubules associated with the near- cis and mid cisternae often begin to anastomose close to the peripheral edges of the stacked cisternae, whereas the tubules of the trans cisternae are less likely to anastomose and are more likely to be directly continuous with the peripheral edges of the stacked cisternae. Additionally, the tubules may blend gradually into fenestrae that surround some of the stack cisternae. Because of the large surface area occupied by tubules and fenestrae, it is reasonable to suppose that these components of the Golgi apparatus play a significant role in Golgi apparatus function. Tubules clearly interconnect closely adjacent stacks of the Golgi apparatus and may represent a communication channel to synchronize stack function within the cell. A feasible hypothesis is that tubules may be a potentially static component of the Golgi apparatus in contrast to the stacked cisternal plates which may turn over continuously. The coated buds associated with tubules may represent the means whereby adjacent Golgi apparatus stacks exchange carbohydrate-processing enzymes or where resident Golgi apparatus proteins are introduced into and out of the stack during membrane flow differentiation. The limited gradation of tubules from cis to medial to trans offers additional possibilities for functional specialization of Golgi apparatus in keeping with the hypothesis that tubules are repositories of resident Golgi apparatus proteins protected from turnover during the flow differentiation of the flattened saccules of the Golgi apparatus stack. C1 USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mollenhauer, HH (reprint author), USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 54 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-5564 J9 HISTOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Histochem. Cell Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 109 IS 5-6 BP 533 EP 543 DI 10.1007/s004180050253 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Microscopy SC Cell Biology; Microscopy GA ZW657 UT WOS:000074433600010 PM 9681633 ER PT J AU Hunt, HD Fulton, JE AF Hunt, HD Fulton, JE TI Analysis of polymorphisms in the major expressed class I locus (B-FIV) of the chicken SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE Mhc; class I; BF; concerted evolution ID T-CELL RECEPTOR; MHC CLASS-I; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MAREKS-DISEASE; GENES; DIVERSITY; HLA-A2; SEQUENCES; ANTIGEN; VITRO AB We analyzed the polymorphic nature of eleven alleles expressed by the major class I locus (B-FIV) in chickens. Similar to mammalian class I loci, the nucleotide substitutions with high variability occur in exons 2 and 3 encoding the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains. However, the nonsynon ymous to synonymous ratio of nucleotide substitutions in exon 3 encoding the alpha helix and beta sheets is reversed compared with HLA. The region of exon 3 encoding the alpha 2 helix demonstrates a much lower nonsynonymous to synonymous ratio, suggesting evolutionary selection of a more conserved alpha 2 helix in B-FIV compared with HLA. Amino acid residues with high Wu-Kabat variability are typically located in positions predicted to impact antigen presentation. B-FIV amino acid residues predicted to interact with the CDR1 alpha region of the T-cell receptor (Tcr) demonstrate less variability than in mouse and human class I alleles. The combination of a reduced nonsynonymous to synonymous ratio in exon 3 encoding the alpha 2 helix and the limited variability in CDR1 alpha contact residues is discussed with regard to concerted evolution between a minimal major histocompatibility complex and compaction of Tcr variable gene segments in the chicken. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Hy Line Int, Dallas Ctr, IA 50063 USA. RP Hunt, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 34 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD MAY PY 1998 VL 47 IS 6 BP 456 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s002510050383 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA ZN220 UT WOS:000073621900005 PM 9553152 ER PT J AU Cook, CG Scott, AW Chow, P AF Cook, CG Scott, AW Chow, P TI Planting date and cultivar effects on growth and stalk yield of Sunn hemp SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE sunn hemp; Crotalaria juncea; east fiber; core fiber; planting date; cultivar ID STEM CORE; COMPONENT; BORON; MEDIA AB Due to the accelerated harvesting of forest resources, there is an international need to identify alternative fiber sources to meet increasing consumer demands. Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) has potential as an annually renewable, nonwood fiber source for industrial use. A 2-year study was conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas to evaluate the effects of four planting dates (2-week intervals) and two cultivars (Tropic Sun and PI248491) on stalk height, basal diameter, and dry matter yield. Results indicated that in the Lower Rio Grande Valley delayed planting generally reduced yield, especially when planting was delayed by 4 weeks or longer from late March to mid-April. The Hawaiian cultivar, Tropic Sun, produced the greatest mean stalk yield (16.2 Mg ha(-1)) across the 2-year study, averaging 2.2 Mg ha(-1) more stalk yield than the Brazilian plant introduction, PI248491. Plant height consistently showed a strong, positive correlation with stalk yield, whereas, the association between basal diameter and stalk yield was generally weaker and often erratic. Single year results from the fiber analyses conducted in 1995 indicated that bast and core fiber lengths were not significantly affected by planting date. Since most sunn hemp cultivars have short-day flowering response, delays in planting will shorten the growing season and could result in lower stalk yields. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Rio Farms Inc, Monte Alto, TX 78538 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cook, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 8 IS 2 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(97)10013-9 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZM591 UT WOS:000073555500001 ER PT J AU Cook, CG Scott, AW AF Cook, CG Scott, AW TI Plant population effects on stalk growth, yield, and bark fiber content of Sunn hemp SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE sunn hemp; Crotalaria juncea; fiber; plant population; cultivar; bark content ID KENAF AB As worldwide consumption of newsprint and wood-based products grows, potential demands for supplemental nonwood fiber sources like sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) increase. Studies were conducted in 1994 and 1995 at Weslaco, TX to determine the influence of four plant populations (161300, 225800, 290320, and 354840 plants ha(-1)) and two sunn hemp cultivars (PI248491, a Brazilian introduction and Tropic Sun) on final stand, stalk height, basal stalk diameter, total stalk yield, and bark fiber percentage from two stalk locations. A split-plot experimental design with four row plots, 6.7 m long, and 1.0-m row spacing was used. Results from the 2 years indicated that plant population did not significantly influence stalk height or total yield; however,basal stalk diameter of plants in the two lower plans populations was significantly greater than for plants in the highest population. Final stand and percent plant stand reduction (initial vs. final population) differed between each of the four populations. Bark fiber percentage of the lower 0-30 cm stalk section did not differ between populations. Differences in the bark percentage occurred between populations for the middle 120-150 cm stalk section, with the highest and second highest plant populations having bark percentages of 24.0 and 21.8, respectively, compared to 16.6 for the lowest population. Stalk yield differed among cultivars, with Tropic Sun producing 16.4 Mg ha(-1) of total stalk fiber compared to 15.1 Mg ha(-1) for PI248491. Cultivars had similar stalk height, basal stalk diameter, final stand, and percent stand reduction. Plant height and basal diameter averaged across the four plant populations were positively correlated, r = 0.41; P less than or equal to 0.01 and r = 0.39; P less than or equal to 0.01, respectively, with stalk yield. Correlation coefficients calculated within each individual plant population indicated that basal diameter (r = 0.49; P less than or equal to 0.05), not stalk height (r = 0.31; P less than or equal to 0.15), was more closely correlated with stalk yield at the lowest population; whereas, plant height (r = 0.43; P less than or equal to 0.05) was more closely correlated than basal diameter (r = 0.21; P less than or equal to 0.33) with yield in the highest plant population. Results indicated that increasing the plant population above 161300 plants ha(-1) would not necessarily produce significant increases in total stalk yield. The effect of plant population on bark percentage suggests the possibility of manipulating bast and core fiber yields through specific plant densities. The ability to manipulate core and bark fiber yields could be an important crop management tool when growing fiber for core and bark fiber-specific products: Additional studies are needed to determine the best sampling techniques for estimating bark percentage of sunn hemp. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Rio Farms Inc, Monte Alto, TX 78538 USA. RP Cook, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 8 IS 2 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(97)10014-0 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZM591 UT WOS:000073555500002 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Miller, RM Orts, WJ AF Glenn, GM Miller, RM Orts, WJ TI Moderate strength lightweight concrete from organic aqua gel mixtures SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE starch; biopolymer; gel; aquagel; cement AB The present study describes a new approach for making lightweight concrete that uses aquagels in the concrete formulation. Aquagels are semi-rigid gels that contain mostly water and a small amount of solids that act as the gelling agent. Aquagels were made using wheat starch, algin, agar and high amylose corn starch (HACS). Concrete samples were made using each of the four aquagels and perlite. The plastic, cured and oven-dried densities of concrete samples decreased with increasing concentrations of aquagel or perlite. Thermal conductivity (k) was strongly correlated with density. The k values decreased more than three times the rate of the decline in density. Oven-dried density of the samples ranged from approximately 0.91 g/cm(3) for samples containing the highest concentration of aquagel to 1.95 g/cm(3) for control samples. The compressive strength of the samples decreased from 55 MPa for the control to approximately 10 MPa for samples containing the highest concentration of aquagel. Samples made from wheat starch and algin aquagels had a lower compressive strength than the other samples even at concentrations as low as 0.19 parts aquagel to one part cement. The density of wheat starch aquagel-based concrete remained uniform and unaffected by hydrostatic pressures created at depths of up to 3 m. Of the aquagel materials tested, wheat starch is the lowest in cost and the most widely available. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 8 IS 2 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(97)10016-4 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZM591 UT WOS:000073555500005 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DJ Nakayama, FS Dierig, DA Alexander, WL AF Hunsaker, DJ Nakayama, FS Dierig, DA Alexander, WL TI Lesquerella seed production: Water requirement and management SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Lesquerella fendleri; seed yield; oil content; evapotranspiration; irrigation ID DATE AB Lesquerella synthesizes unique hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) with potential industrial and consumer applications. However, information about its water use requirement and yield response to irrigation is limited. Detailed irrigation studies were conducted with Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. on a sandy loam in Arizona during the 1991-1992 and 1992-1993, fall-spring seasons to determine its water requirement and yield. In 1991-1992, dry matter yield was linearly related to the total evapotranspiration (ET). The highest dry matter yield was obtained for a control irrigation treatment with seven post-emergence irrigations. Four limited water treatments were given either three or four irrigations, and yielded 26-36% less dry matter than the control. Total ET for the control was 634 mm, whereas ET for the limited water treatments varied from 460 to 500 mm. Total seed yield in 1991-1992, was not determined. However, seed oil content was significantly higher for the control than for the limited water treatments. In 1992-1993, Lesquerella was grown under eight irrigation treatments: weekly (W; 12 post-emergence irrigations), biweekly (B; 7), weekly with two supplemental irrigations in early winter (WS; 14), biweekly with two supplemental irrigations in early winter (BS; 9), and four treatments that were irrigated like treatment B, except that irrigation was withheld during early flowering (B1; 5), withheld during mid-flowering (B2;6), withheld at full bloom (B3; 6), and withheld during seed formation and ripening (B4; 5). Irrigation treatments affected both the dry matter and seed yield, but not the seed oil content and lesquerolic acid content of the oil. Withholding irrigation on the biweekly application during mid-flower and during seed formation and ripening resulted in the lowest seed yields. The BS treatment had the highest dry matter (7020 kg/ha) and seed yield (888 kg/ha), suggesting a possible yield benefit from the early winter irrigations. Total ET for treatments varied from 535 to 767 mm, and both dry matter and seed yield were related to total ET (although not by linear relationships). Total ET corresponding to the maximum yield was 668 mm. A water management that allows approximate to 50% depletion of the available soil water from the onset of flowering through seed ripening can result in maximum growth and yield. Providing irrigation every 14 days during this period may be optimum for Lesquerella grown on sandy loam soils. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hunsaker, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 8 IS 2 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(97)10022-X PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZM591 UT WOS:000073555500010 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME Wolfe, GR Hendrix, DL AF Salvucci, ME Wolfe, GR Hendrix, DL TI Purification and properties of an unusual NADPH-dependent ketose reductase from the silverleaf whitefly SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polyol; sorbitol; insect carbohydrates; aldose reductase; sorbitol dehydrogenase ID SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE; EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS; LIVER ENZYME; GALL FLY; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; STRATEGIES; HOMOPTERA; BINDING; COTTON AB Sorbitol accumulates in the silverleaf whitefly when this insect is exposed to elevated temperatures. Synthesis of sorbitol in the silverleaf whitefly is catalyzed by an unconventional enzyme that converts fructose to sorbitol using NADPH as the coenzyme. In the present study, the NADPH-dependent ketose reductase from adult whiteflies was purified to apparent homogeneity and characterized. The NADPH-dependent ketose reductase was tetrameric, composed of 38.7 kD subunits, and catalyzed both fructose reduction and sorbitol oxidation. The purified whitefly enzyme exhibited an almost exclusive requirement for NADP(H) for ketose reduction/sorbitol oxidation. The DH and temperature optima for fructose reduction and sorbitol oxidation were 7 and 45 degrees C and > 9 and 50 degrees C, respectively. The affinity of the enzyme for fructose was very low, but physiological considering the high concentrations of carbohydrate available to this phloem-feeding insect. Edman degradation analysis of three peptides from the enzyme showed that their amino acid sequences matched internal sequences of NAD(+)-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenases. Thus, the NADPH-dependent ketose reductase responsible for sorbitol synthesis in the silverleaf whitefly is structurally similar to the sorbitol catabolic enzyme NAD(+)-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase, but differs in its coenzyme requirement. Antibodies directed against the purified whitefly enzyme showed that this novel ketose reductase occurs in whitefly eggs and nymphs, as well as in the adults. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM mesalvu@ix.netcom.com NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 28 IS 5-6 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(98)00005-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 102XE UT WOS:000074950700007 ER PT J AU Kaye, JN Love, S Lichtenfels, JR McKeand, JB AF Kaye, JN Love, S Lichtenfels, JR McKeand, JB TI Comparative sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer region of cyathostome species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyathostomes; IGS; PCR ID HORSES; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; PARASITES; HELMINTHS; DIARRHEA; RDNA AB The ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from 16 cyathostome species using primers derived from conserved regions within the flanking 18S and 26S rRNA genes. This generated a 1.5-2.5 kb fragment which was sequenced from five species. The areas covering the 26S and 18S rRNA genes were more than 99% similar among the five species. Furthermore, in all species there existed a highly conserved region of approximately 380 bp at the 3' end of the intergenic spacer. Subsequently, two cyathostome-specific primers were designed to amplify a smaller, more variable region of the intergenic spacer. Eleven further species were amplified using these primers and analysis showed that sequence similarities varied from 40 to 97% between species. The sequence information obtained in this study is being used to develop a PCR-based assay for the differentiation of preparasitic stages of cyathostomes. (C) 1998 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Vet Parasitol, Glasgow G61 1QH, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Dept Vet Clin Studies, Glasgow G61 1QH, Lanark, Scotland. USDA, ARS, Biosyst & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McKeand, JB (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Vet Parasitol, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Lanark, Scotland. EM j.b.mckeand@vet.gla.ac.uk NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 28 IS 5 BP 831 EP 836 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00031-9 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZT669 UT WOS:000074112200016 PM 9650064 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Leibel, RL AF Roberts, SB Leibel, RL TI Excess energy intake and low energy expenditure as predictors of obesity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN; RISK C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 22 IS 5 BP 385 EP 386 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800640 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZL420 UT WOS:000073431100002 PM 9622333 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JFS Duke, SO Vaughn, KC AF Ferreira, JFS Duke, SO Vaughn, KC TI Histochemical and immunocytochemical localization of tropane alkaloids in Erythroxylum coca var. coca and E-novogranatense var. novogranatense SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DEPTH CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; LEAVES; CAFFEINE AB The tropane alkaloids of Erythroxylum coca var coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense var, novogranatense were localized using histochemical, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical probes. At the tissue level, these alkaloids were localized in leaves, stems, and fruits with Dragendorff's reagent. Alkaloids were found in the mesophyll, including palisade, spongy, and vascular parenchyma cell layers, and in some cells of the collenchyma. No alkaloids were detected in the epidermis of either Erythroxylum species. Alkaloids were also detected in the endosperm and embryos of orange and mature red fruits but not in tissues of immature green fruits. Quantitative HPLC reveals that embryos had 2.5-5 times more cocaine (w/w%) than endosperms, but 40 times less than leaves. In contrast to leaves, cocaine was a minor alkaloid present in fruits. Dragendorff's reagent was used to develop thin-layer chromatography plates and specifically stained the alkaloids extracted from leaves of both species. Complexing of alkaloids with tannins resulted in aggregates in the vacuole of E. coca leaf cells as visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Immunocytochemical localization, using anticocaine polyclonal antibodies on leaf tissues, proved that these compounds are localized in vacuoles of both photosynthetic and vascular parenchyma, as demonstrated by the use of Dragendorff's reagent. The alkaloids were associated with intravacuolar globules and appear to be aggregates with a core formed by phenolic compounds and a periphery enriched in alkaloids. The vacuolar localization of the cocaine alkaloids indicate that they may be complexed with phenols in vivo, thereby rendering them relatively immobile. The implications of the cellular and tissue localization of tropane alkaloids in Erythroxylum are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Ferreira, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 159 IS 3 BP 492 EP 503 DI 10.1086/297566 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZP798 UT WOS:000073789500007 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Lu, FC Ralph, J TI Highly selective syntheses of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE coniferyl alcohol; sinapyl alcohol; monolignol; lignin; triacetoxyborohydride; dihydroconiferyl alcohol; coniferaldehyde; sinapaldehyde; regiospecific reduction ID COUMARYL AB (E)-Isomers of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols were readily and cleanly prepared in excellent yields from commercially available coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde by sodium triacetoxyborohydride reduction in ethyl acetate. No 1,4-reduction products, always produced in prior methods, could be detected. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1794 EP 1796 DI 10.1021/jf970953p PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZP481 UT WOS:000073757800015 ER PT J AU Morrison, WH Archibald, DD AF Morrison, WH Archibald, DD TI Analysis of graded flax fiber and yarn by pyrolysis mass spectrometry and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE flax; pyrolysis mass spectrometry; quality measurements ID LIGNIN AB Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (PyGCMS) were used to analyze samples of flax fiber and yarn which had been graded as being of high, medium, and low quality. In-source, low-voltage PyMS spectra were quite similar overall. To identify potential quality markers, we screened mass responses with thresholds for the following criteria: (1) intensity, (2) repeatability, and (3) correlation to quality level. Chemical interpretation of the selected masses suggests the samples may be differentiated based on the levels of pectin, fatty acids, protein, and phenolics. PyGCMS of the graded flax fiber and yarn provided additional information about the identity of some of the selected mass responses. More palmitic acid was detected in the low-quality fiber and yarn samples. Sinapylaldehyde and sinapyl alcohol were present in higher concentrations in the low-quality yarn as compared to the high-quality material. These data suggest that the amounts of cuticular material and waxes are inversely related to quality in both flax fiber and yarn and may be used as markers for certain aspects of flax product quality. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athena, GA 30604 USA. RP Morrison, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athena, GA 30604 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1870 EP 1876 DI 10.1021/jf970933n PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZP481 UT WOS:000073757800026 ER PT J AU Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD AF Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD TI Estimation of imazethapyr in agricultural water by its cross-reactivity with either imazaquin or imazapyr ELISA kits SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE imazethapyr; imazaquin; imazapyr; residue estimation; ELISA; agricultural water ID QUALITY-CONTROL; IMMUNOASSAYS; HERBICIDE AB The cross-reactivity expressed by commercially available ELISA kits developed for two imidazolinone herbicides can be used for estimating the concentration of another compound within the chemical class in surface water and groundwater collected from agricultural fields. Imazaquin and imazapyr kits are used for estimating imazethapyr. Results on authentic samples indicate that dissolved constituents in the matrix can produce false positives with the imazaquin kit. Spiked HPLC water showed a pH dependence of the dose-response curve for imazethapyr when using the imazaquin kit. Practical concentration ranges for estimating imazethapyr are 1-125 mu g/L with the imazapyr kit and 8-800 mu g/L for the imazaquin kit. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Steinheimer, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1883 EP 1886 DI 10.1021/jf971057g PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZP481 UT WOS:000073757800028 ER PT J AU Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ AF Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ TI Contamination of tree nuts by aflatoxigenic fungi: Aflatoxin content of closed-shell pistachios SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus spp.; pistachio; Pistacia vera; stem end; aflatoxin analysis; rehydration AB Inoculation of fresh, or dried and rehydrated, closed-shell pistachios at the stem end of the shell with spores of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) resulted in aflatoxin contamination of the kernel after incubation. The proportion of contaminated nuts was 48% for the fresh pistachios and 35% for the dried pistachios with 18% and 4%, respectively, having kernels containing aflatoxin levels in excess of 90 mu g/kernel, sufficient to contaminate a 10 lb test lot at the 20 ppb guidance level. Closed-shell pistachios batch-rehydrated for 3 h in a bath inoculated with A. flavus spores showed aflatoxin levels in the kernels of 170 ppb after 2 days incubation and 87 500 ppb after 6 days. This study demonstrates that the kernels of closed-shell pistachios can be contaminated with aflatoxin, probably through penetration of the stem end of the shell by aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species, and the practice of rehydration prior to mechanical splitting should therefore be avoided. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1906 EP 1909 DI 10.1021/jf970862s PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZP481 UT WOS:000073757800032 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Buchanan, D AF Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Buchanan, D TI Continuous requirement of ethylene for apple fruit volatile synthesis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE apple; ethylene; ethylene action; volatile biosynthesis ID DIAZOCYCLOPENTADIENE; 2,5-NORBORNADIENE; RESPIRATION; INHIBITION AB Pre-and postclimacteric Super Red Delicious apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit were treated with ethephon, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and diazocyclopentadiene (DACP) after harvest. Ethylene and volatile production were measured 1, 5, and 13 days after treatment. Production of some esters by preclimacteric fruit was enhanced after ethephon treatment, but the same treatment reduced production of various esters by postclimacteric fruit. Ethylene and volatile production were inhibited by AVG and DACP in preclimacteric fruit. Volatile acetate esters were not affected by any treatment, whereas AVG and DACP inhibited production of other volatile esters in postclimacteric fruits. The results suggest synthesis of some volatile esters requires continuous ethylene action and a high rate of ethylene production. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 54 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1959 EP 1963 DI 10.1021/jf970877q PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZP481 UT WOS:000073757800040 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Armstrong, BM Weete, JD AF Dayan, FE Armstrong, BM Weete, JD TI Inhibitory activity of sulfentrazone and its metabolic derivatives on soybean (Glycine max) protoporphyrinogen oxidase SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE binding affinity; cellular leakage; computer modeling; herbicide; metabolites; phytotoxicity; protoporphyrin ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; TARGET; LOCALIZATION; CHLOROPLASTS; BINDING AB The biological activities of sulfentrazone and its metabolic derivatives were investigated in an effort to elucidate the basis for soybean tolerance to this herbicide. All of the metabolic derivatives were less toxic than sulfentrazone as measured by electrolyte leakage from soybean leaf disks. Their in vivo activity correlated with the amount of protoporphyrin IX (Proto) accumulating in herbicide-treated tissues (i.e., more Proto accumulated in tissues treated with sulfentrazone than with the metabolites). I-50 values for protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) inhibition were 1.2, 0.35, 10, and 37 mu M for sulfentrazone and its 3-hydroxymethyl, 3-demethyl, and 3-carboxylic acid metabolic derivatives, respectively, and their binding affinities were related to their relative inhibitory potency. Oxidative degradation of sulfentrazone did not have a great influence on the overall shape of the molecule but affected the steric and electronic environment surrounding the methyl group on the triazolinone ring. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2024 EP 2029 DI 10.1021/jf970988p PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZP481 UT WOS:000073757800052 ER PT J AU Donoghue, AM Holsberger, DR Evenson, DP Froman, DP AF Donoghue, AM Holsberger, DR Evenson, DP Froman, DP TI Semen donor selection by in vitro sperm mobility increases fertility and semen storage in the turkey hen SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE motility; sperm storage; CASA ID PERIVITELLINE LAYER; FOWL SPERMATOZOA; IN-VITRO; MOTILITY; EGGS; RESPIRATION; PENETRATION; NUMBERS AB Commercial turkey production relies on the artificial inseminatian (Al) of pooled semen. However, semen quality ultimately depends on the quality of individual ejaculates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate semen from individual toms by means of an objective sperm-mobility assay. Semen was then pooled by mobility phenotype and inseminated into hens, and the percentages of fertile and hatched eggs were determined after egg incubation. To indirectly evaluate hens' sperm storage, we determined the number of sperm holes in the perivitelline layer (PL) of freshly laid eggs. Semen from individual ejaculates (two trials, total of 169 toms) was evaluated by use of the sperm-mobility test (SMT). Semen was diluted to 1 x 10(9) sperm/ml, in prewarmed N-tris-[hydroxymethyl] methyl-2-amino-ethanesulfonic acid (TES)-buffered saline, and was placed over 3 ml of a 2% (w/v) Accudenz solution at 41 degrees C. After a 5-minute incubation period, the cuvette was placed in a densimeter, and percentage transmission was recorded after 1 minute. Semen samples from toms ranked, according to sperm mobility, in the highest 10% and the lowest 10%, after three evaluations, were pooled by group and were used to inseminate hens weekly (trial 1: n = 20 hens/group, for 10 weeks, Al dose = 150 x 10(6) spermatozoa inseminated fresh and after 24-hour in vitro storage at 5 degrees C; trial 2: n = 60 hens/group, for 16 weeks, Al dose = 75 x 10(6) spermatozoa inseminated fresh). Each week, eggs from day 6 post-Al were evaluated for holes in the PL, vestiges of acrosomal induced hydrolysis. Spermatozoa from toms of different mobility phenotypes were also evaluated individually, for sperm chromatin structure and motility variables, by use of the Hobson Sperm Tracker. Toms characterized by high and low in vitro sperm-mobility phenotype were categorized as "high mobility" and "low mobility," respectively. The percentage of fertile eggs from hens inseminated with semen from the high-mobility toms was higher than the percentage of fertile eggs from the low-mobility group, in each trial (95.8 +/- 1.3% vs. 90.4 +/- 2.2%, and 88.7 +/- 4.0% vs. 82.4 +/- 0.4%, trials 1 and 2, respectively; P < 0.05). More sperm holes were observed in the PL of eggs fertilized by the high-mobility toms than in the PL of eggs fertilized by the low-mobility toms (P < 0.05). No differences in susceptibility of sperm nuclear DNA to denature in situ, as measured by the flow-cytometric sperm chromatin-structure assay, were detected between toms of differing mobility phenotypes. Sperm-motility variables, straight-line velocity, and average-path velocity were significantly greater for high-mobility toms compared to low-mobility toms (P < 0.05). Sperm-mobility differnces between toms (detected by means of the SMT) influenced sperm storage, as indicated by the number of sperm in the PL and by the percentage of fertile eggs produced. C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Bldg 262,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 3 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZT272 UT WOS:000074067900005 PM 9639046 ER PT J AU Heinrichs, AJ Losinger, WC AF Heinrichs, AJ Losinger, WC TI Growth of Holstein dairy heifers in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cows; growth; height; weight ID BODY-WEIGHT; HEIGHT; HEALTH AB Data were collected on the heart girth (n = 8,565; a measure of body weight) and height at withers (n = 8,568) of Holstein dairy heifers from 659 dairy forms as part of the National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project during 1991 and 1992, Means and standard deviations for weight and height were determined for ages .5 to 23.5 mo. Third-order polynomial regression equations were derived to study the relationship of weight and height to age. Stepwise mixed-model regression, using REML estimation,was used to identify factors associated with Holstein heifer growth and to build a multivariate model describing Holstein heifer growth across the United States. Holstein heifers on the sample of dairy farms in this study were heavier and taller at the withers than standards published 30 to 50 yr ago. Increased rolling herd average milk production was associated with a greater rate of growth in Holstein heifers. Holstein heifers in the West and Midwest were larger at a given age than those in the Northeast and Southeast. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Anim Hlth Monitoring Syst, Vet Serv,Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Anim Hlth Monitoring Syst, Vet Serv,Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Heinrichs, AJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1254 EP 1260 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZP553 UT WOS:000073765000002 PM 9621930 ER PT J AU Pariacote, F Van Vleck, LD MacNeil, MD AF Pariacote, F Van Vleck, LD MacNeil, MD TI Effects of inbreeding and heterozygosity on preweaning traits in a closed population of Herefords under selection SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; inbreeding; heterosis ID BEEF-CATTLE; COMPOSITE POPULATIONS; ADVANCED GENERATIONS; POSTWEANING GROWTH; MATERNAL TRAITS; CROSSBRED COWS; HETEROSIS; WEIGHT; ANGUS; PERFORMANCE AB Records of five inbred lines at the Livestock and Range Research Laboratory were used to evaluate effects of inbreeding and heterozygosity on preweaning traits. Members of each line were descendants of a single founder Hereford bull. A total of 8,065 records of birth weight and 7,380 records of preweaning daily gain and weaning weight were analyzed by derivative-free REML using a model that included fixed effects of sex, combination of year and month of birth and parity of dam, with covariates for direct and maternal genetic fractions of inheritance from the genetic groups, inbreeding, and heterozygosity fractions. Heterozygosity fractions were computed for crosses between lines. The random model effects were direct and maternal genetic and uncorrelated maternal permanent environmental and temporary environmental. Direct inbreeding and heterozygosity fractions averaged .098 and .343, and maternal inbreeding and heterozygosity fractions averaged .075 and .294. Regression coefficients of traits on direct and maternal inbreeding fractions were -5.8 +/- 1.1 and -4.7 +/- 1.3 for birth weight, -.189 +/- .031 and -.252 +/- .039 for preweaning daily gain, and -44.5 +/- 6.6 and -56.1 +/- 8.4 kg for weaning weight. Estimates for direct heritability, maternal heritability, and direct-maternal genetic correlations were .37, .12, and -.01 for birth weight; .16, .25, and -.27 for daily gain; and .17, .26, and -.21 for weaning weight. Results suggest that heterosis represents recovery of accumulated inbreeding depression. Results also indicate that selection can overcome inbreeding depression and antagonism exists between direct and maternal genetic effects for preweaning traits. C1 UNEFM, Dept Anim Prod, Coro 4101, Venezuela. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Pariacote, F (reprint author), UNEFM, Dept Anim Prod, Apartado 7482, Coro 4101, Venezuela. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1310 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZP553 UT WOS:000073765000008 PM 9621936 ER PT J AU Ercanbrack, SK Knight, AD AF Ercanbrack, SK Knight, AD TI Responses to various selection protocols for lamb production in Rambouillet, Targhee, Columbia, and Polypay sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; wool; lamb production; selection; correlated responses; reproductive efficiency AB To investigate the effectiveness of four selection protocols for improving reproduction in sheep, we evaluated nine selection lines and two random-bred control lines for lamb and wool production. Results were based on 25,026 dam and 30,628 lamb records from Rambouillet (R), Targhee (T), Columbia (C), and Polypay (P) sheep collected from 1976 through 1988. Phenotypic trends over years were positive (P < .01) for most reproductive traits, body weight, wool grade (coarser grades), and lamb weaning weight in nearly all selected lines. Small positive trends for both random-bred control lines indicated there were improvements in management and(or) environment during the period. Small but significant phenotypic declines in fleece weights occurred in most lines, including controls. Substantial genetic gains (P < .01) in litter weight weaned (120 d), net reproductive rate (lambs weaned divided by ewes mated), prolificacy, body weight, and weaning weight were made in nearly all selected lines. There were also small but significant improvements in milk score in most lines. There were significant genetic declines and improvements in fleece weights; however, the average genetic change in fleece weight for lines selected for litter weight weaned was negligible. Genetic improvement in litter weight weaned was attributed approximately 37% to prolificacy, 27% to percentage of lambs weaned, 17% to lamb weaning weight, 12% to fertility, and 7% to ewe viability from breeding to lambing. On average, selection based on independent culling levels (litter weight weaned plus yearling body weight), yearling body weight, or early puberty was only 85, 67, or 59%, respectively, as effective as that based solely on litter weight weaned for improving litter weight weaned. The net value of the average lover all breeds) annual increase in production per ewe resulting from selection for litter weight weaned accumulated over 12 yr to an estimated $11.40 and $21.51 annually for genetic and phenotypic increases, respectively. C1 USDA, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Ercanbrack, SK (reprint author), 378 E Sumac Ln, Provo, UT 84604 USA. NR 21 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1311 EP 1325 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZP553 UT WOS:000073765000009 PM 9621937 ER PT J AU Mackie, RI Stroot, PG Varel, VH AF Mackie, RI Stroot, PG Varel, VH TI Biochemical identification and biological origin of key odor components in livestock waste SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Biology of Livestock Odor, at the ADSA/ASAS Midwestern Meeting CY MAR 18, 1997 CL DES MOINES, IOWA SP ADSA, ASAS DE animal wastes; anaerobic conditions; odors; organic compounds; volatile fatty acids ID METHANE PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL UREASES; PRODUCERS AB Animal production results in conversion of feeds into valuable products such as meat, milk, eggs, and wool as well as into unavoidable and less desirable waste products. Intensification of animal numbers and increasing urbanization has resulted in considerable attention to odorous gases produced from animal wastes. It is clear that animal manure was, and still is, a valuable resource. However, it may be a major obstacle to future development of the animal industry if its impact on the environment is not properly controlled. Poor odor prevention and control from animal wastes is related to a lack of knowledge of the fundamental nature of odor and its production by farm animals. Odor, like noise, is a nuisance or disturbance and there is no universally accepted definition of an objectionable odor. Thus, regulation and control of odors in the environment is difficult because of the technical difficulties of defining odor limits and their measurement and evaluation. A variety of direct (sensory) and indirect (analytical instruments) methods for measuring odor intensity and determination of individual or key odor components are discussed. The biological origins of the four principal classes of odor compounds, namely branched-and straight-chain VFA, ammonia and volatile amines, indoles and phenols, and the volatile sulfur-containing compounds, are reviewed. Because more than 50% of N from animals is excreted as urea, one strategy to conserve N in waste is to inhibit the urease enzyme that converts urea to ammonia. Laboratory studies to evaluate di-and triamide compounds to control urea hydrolysis in slurries of cattle and swine wastes are presented. Finally, a brief overview of various intervention strategies is provided. Multiple combinations of nutritional management, housing systems, treatment options as well as storage and disposal of animal wastes will be required to reduce environmental pollution and provide for long-term sustainable growth. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Anim Sci Lab 132, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Mackie, RI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Anim Sci Lab 132, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 35 TC 234 Z9 253 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1331 EP 1342 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZP553 UT WOS:000073765000011 PM 9621939 ER PT J AU Mersmann, HJ AF Mersmann, HJ TI Lipoprotein and hormone-sensitive lipases in porcine adipose tissue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; adipose tissue; lipoprotein lipase; triacylglycerol lipase ID PROTEIN KINASE; ACTIVATION; METABOLISM; INSULIN; SWINE AB Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an adipocyte enzyme that cleaves fatty acids from circulating lipoproteins. Fatty acids enter the cell to be oxidized or esterified. Hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL) is an adipocyte enzyme that cleaves fatty adds from intracellular triacylglycerol. The HSL is activated by phosphorylation. Assays for the two:lipases are complex because the hydrophobic substrate, triacylglycerol, must be presented as a gum-based suspension or as a detergent-based emulsion to a relatively hydrophilic enzyme. A convenient, stable glycerol/phospholipid suspension of the substrate was used for measurement of porcine adipose tissue LPL and HSL in vitro. This substrate was excellent for LPL. It produced rates five times those using a more complex and less convenient gum-based substrate suspension. The LPL activity was released by heparin, had a pH optimum of approximately 8.5, was activated by serum, and was inhibited by NaCl and protamine. This LPL assay measures enzyme capacity. The same substrate was used to measure an adipose tissue lipase activity that had a pH optimum below ?, was not activated by serum, and was not inhibited by NaCl or protamine. These are all characteristics of HSL. Despite the convenience,this substrate was not appropriate for porcine adipose tissue HSL because the rates were only 30 to 50% of those produced with a more complex, less convenient gum-based substrate suspension. Furthermore, incubation of enzyme or tissue slices with insulin, or agents that elevate cAMP concentration, did not modulate this lipase activity, as expected. These incubations poorly modulated LPL activity. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mersmann, HJ (reprint author), 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1396 EP 1404 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZP553 UT WOS:000073765000018 PM 9621946 ER PT J AU Houseknecht, KL Baile, CA Matteri, RL Spurlock, ME AF Houseknecht, KL Baile, CA Matteri, RL Spurlock, ME TI The biology of leptin: A review SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE leptin; adipose tissue; obesity; reproduction; cytokines ID OBESE GENE-PRODUCT; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; ENHANCER-BINDING-PROTEIN; HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; OB-GENE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; FOOD-INTAKE; OB/OB MICE AB Leptin, a 16-kDa protein secreted from white adipocytes, has been implicated in the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and whole-body energy balance in rodents and humans. The gene encoding leptin was identified by positional cloning and is the mutation leading to the profound obese phenotype of the ob/ob mouse. Exogenous administration of leptin to ob/ob mice leads to a significant improvement in reproductive and endocrine status as well as reduced food intake and weight loss. The expression and secretion of leptin is highly correlated with body fat mass and adipocyte size. Cortisol and insulin are potent stimulators of leptin expression, and expression is attenuated by beta-adrenergic agonists, cAMP, and thiazolidinediones. The role of other hormones and growth factors in the regulation of leptin expression and secretion is emerging. Leptin circulates specifically bound to proteins in serum, which may regulate its half-life and biological activity. Isoforms of the leptin receptor, members of the interleukin-6 cytokine family of receptors, are found in multiple tissues, including the brain. Many of leptin's effects on food intake and energy expenditure are thought to be mediated centrally via neurotransmitters such as neuropeptide Y. Multiple peripheral effects of leptin have also been recently described, including the regulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and regulation of insulin action and energy metabolism in adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Leptin is thought to be a metabolic signal that regulates nutritional status effects on reproductive function. Leptin also plays a major role in hematopoeisis and in the anorexia accompanying an acute cytokine challenge. The profound effects of leptin on regulating body energy balance make it a prime candidate for drug therapies for humans and animals. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Purina Mills Inc, St Louis, MO 63144 USA. ARS, USDA, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Houseknecht, KL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 176 TC 467 Z9 495 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1420 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZP553 UT WOS:000073765000019 PM 9621947 ER PT J AU Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL AF Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL TI Effect of prerigor freezing and postrigor calcium chloride injection on the tenderness of callipyge longissimus SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE callipyge; tenderness; calcium chloride; freezing techniques ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; BEEF QUALITY TRAITS; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; OVINE CARCASSES; MUSCLE GROWTH; MEAT QUALITY; ACCELERATION; INFUSION; LAMBS; TIME AB The effect of rapid prerigor freezing and postrigor freezing and postrigor calcium chloride injection on the tenderness of callipyge longissimus was studied. Ewe and wether lambs (n = 49; 1/2 Dorset x 1/2 Romanov) were grain-fed and slaughtered at approximately 250 d of age. Based on leg conformation scores, 23 of the carcasses had the callipyge phenotype. Within each phenotype, approximately one-half of the carcasses were chilled conventionally (24 h at -2 degrees C). At approximately 17 min postmortem, the remaining carcasses were submersed in liquid nitrogen for 15 min and then held at -2 degrees C for 4 d. At 1 d postmortem for carcasses chilled conventionally and at 4 d postmortem for carcasses frozen in liquid nitrogen, the longissimus muscles from both sides were removed. The longissimus from one side of each carcass was vacuum-packaged and aged (1 degrees C) conventionally for 7 or 14 d. The remaining muscles were injected with a 2.22% solution of food-grade calcium chloride at 5% by weight, vacuum-packaged, and aged as above. Liquid nitrogen freezing was effective in limiting sarcomere shortening (1.99 vs 1.63 mu m; P < .05). Warner-Bratzler shear force values of callipyge longissimus were 222 and 232% of that of normal longissimus after 7 and 14 d postmortem, respectively(P < .001). Also, trained panel tenderness rating was decreased by 49.4% in untreated callipyge longissimus after 14 d postmortem. Liquid nitrogen, calcium chloride injection and their combination did not affect d-14 longissimus shear force and sensory tenderness for normal lambs because untreated muscles were already tender. Liquid nitrogen freezing improved the shear force and sensory tenderness rating of callipyge longissimus by 30 and 86.2% after 14 d postmortem, respectively. Calcium chloride injection improved the shear force and sensory tenderness of callipyge longissimus by 36.7 and 86.2% after 14 d postmortem, respectively(P < .001). The most effective treatment for mitigating the callipyge effect on tenderness was the combination (freezing and calcium chloride injection) treatment, which improved the shear force and sensory tenderness by 51.2 and 124.2% after 14 d postmortem, respectively (P < .001). We conclude that either treatment can effectively mitigate the negative effect of callipyge phenotype on longissimus tenderness. Callipyge lamb carcasses subjected to the combination of prerigor liquid nitrogen freezing, postrigor calcium chloride injection, and 14 d postmortem storage had tenderness similar (P > .05) to that of normal, untreated carcasses after 14 d of postmortem storage. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1427 EP 1432 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZP553 UT WOS:000073765000021 PM 9621949 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Wang, Z Troyer, D AF Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Wang, Z Troyer, D TI Rapid communication: Identification of two microsatellite loci that map to porcine chromosome 3 SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; pigs; chromosome 3 ID GENOME C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1503 EP 1504 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZP553 UT WOS:000073765000033 PM 9621961 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Wang, Z Troyer, D AF Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Wang, Z Troyer, D TI Rapid communication: Identification of two microsatellite loci that map to porcine chromosome 6 SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; pigs; chromosome 6 ID GENOME C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1505 EP 1506 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZP553 UT WOS:000073765000034 PM 9621962 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Pierce, RO Chung, OK Seabourn, BW AF Delwiche, SR Pierce, RO Chung, OK Seabourn, BW TI Protein content of wheat by near-infrared spectroscopy of whole grain: Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MOISTURE ANALYSIS; FORAGE AB A collaborative study was performed to assess accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of a near-infrared (near-IR) method for determining crude protein content (PC) of whole-grain wheat. Four types of commercially available near-IR instruments, representing various combinations of wavelength region, mode of energy capture, method of energy dispersion, and treatment of spectral data, were used. Eight, 9, 10, and 11 collaborators were involved, the exact number depending on instrument type. Ail collaborators received 22 samples of whole-grain hard red winter (HRW) wheat. They were furnished reference PCs (i.e., protein concentrations, w/w) corrected to a 12% moisture basis for instrument standardization. AOAC Method 990.03-combustion analysis-was the reference procedure. Standardization consisted of performing one of the following treatments to the instrument manufacturer's (or federal agency's) PC equation: (1) bias correction, (2) slope and intercept correction, or (3) recalibration with inclusion of standardization sample spectra. Standardized equations were then applied to a test set of 12 unknown HRW wheat sample spectra, with 2 samples blindly duplicated. The PCs of test samples ranged from 9 to 16%. Near-IR predictions were compared with reference measurements. Averaged within instrument type, root mean square of differences were 0.22, 0.24, 0.25, and 0.26% PC, depending on instrument. Corrected for bias within the test set, standard errors became 0.22, 0.18, 0.21, and 0.24% PC, respectively. These values were approximately twice the estimated lower limit for error (representing sample inhomogeneity). Overall repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values were 0.92, 0.36, 0.42, and 0.74%, respectively. Overall reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) values were 1.15, 0.61, 1.53, and 1.38%. Such values for within-laboratory and between-laboratory variations of the near-IR methods were equivalent to values reported for the combustion method (990.03) for wheat. An inhouse study that examined all 6 U.S. wheat classes with one of the 4 instrument types produced repeatability and reproducibility values similar to those of the collaborative study, suggesting that the near-IR technique may be applied to red, white, hard, soft, and durum wheats. The near-IR method for determination of PC of whole-grain wheat has been adopted First Action (997.06) by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Fed Grain Inspect Serv, USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Tech Serv Div, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. ARS, USDA, US Grain Mkt & Prod Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 587 EP 603 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZM875 UT WOS:000073585100016 ER PT J AU Flerchinger, GN Kustas, WP Weltz, MA AF Flerchinger, GN Kustas, WP Weltz, MA TI Simulating surface energy fluxes and radiometric surface temperatures for two arid vegetation communities using the SHAW model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MONSOON 90; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; BALANCE MODEL; CANOPY COVER; WATER-FLOW; PLANT; HEAT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION AB While land-atmosphere transfer models have been pursued for over 30 years, Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer (SVAT) models are gaining attention only recently as the need to better represent the interaction between the soil and atmosphere in atmospheric circulation models becomes more apparent. The Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model, a detailed physical process model, simulates the effects of a multispecies plant canopy on heat and water transfer at the soil-atmosphere interface. The model was used in this study to simulate the surface energy balance and surface temperature of two vegetation communities using data collected during the Monsoon '90 multidisciplinary field experiment. The two vegetation communities included a sparse, relatively homogeneous, grass-dominated community and a shrub-dominated site with large bare interspace areas between shrubs. The model mimicked the diurnal variation in the surface energy balance at both sites, while canopy leaf temperatures were simulated somewhat better at the relatively homogeneous grass-dominated site. The variation in surface fluxes accounted for by the model (i.e., model efficiency) ranged from 59% for latent heat flux at the shrub-dominated sire to 98% for net radiation at both sites. Model efficiency for predicting latent heat flux at the grass-dominated site was 65%. Canopy leaf temperatures for the shrub-dominated site were consistently overpredicted by 1.8 degrees C compared to measured values. Simulated soil surface temperatures at both sites had a model efficiency of 94% and a mean bias error of less of than 0.9 degrees C. The ability of the model to simulate canopy and soil surface temperatures gives it the potential to be verified and periodically updated using remotely sensed radiometric surface temperature and soil moisture when extrapolating model-derived fluxes to other areas. A methodology is proposed whereby model predictions can be used with a combination of remotely sensed radiometric surface temperature and surface soil moisture to estimate soil water content within the rooting depth. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM gflerchi@nwrc.ars.pn.usbr.gov NR 47 TC 53 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 37 IS 5 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0449:SSEFAR>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZK387 UT WOS:000073315600001 ER PT J AU Waite, BL Siragusa, GR Hutkins, RW AF Waite, BL Siragusa, GR Hutkins, RW TI Bacteriocin inhibition of two glucose transport systems in Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTON MOTIVE FORCE; CELL-DEATH; SCOTT-A; NISIN; MEMBRANE; DEPLETION; MODE AB Listeria monocytogenes transports glucose by proton motive force-mediated and phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (PEP-dependent PTS). Inhibition of both systems by nisin, pediocin JD and leuconosin S is reported here for four strains of L. monocytogenes. Intracellular and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and extracellular inorganic phosphate were measured in energized L. monocytogenes Scott A cells to determine whether inhibition of the PEP-dependent PTS might occur as a result of bacteriocin-induced leakage,of intracellular components. Addition of nisin resulted in a decrease in intracellular ATP with an increase in extracellular ATP. Leuconosin S and pediocin JD induced a depletion of intracellular ATP. ATP efflux was low for the leuconosin S-treated cells and barely detectable for pediocin JD-treated cells. Addition of nisin, leuconosin S and pediocin JD induced efflux of inorganic phosphate. It appears that bacteriocin-mediated inhibition of the glucose PEP-dependent PTS occurs as a result of hydrolysis or efflux of ATP, PEP and other essential molecules from L. monocytogenes cells. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Hutkins, RW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 84 IS 5 BP 715 EP 721 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZX671 UT WOS:000074542300005 PM 9674123 ER PT J AU Caudales, R Forni, C Wells, JM AF Caudales, R Forni, C Wells, JM TI Cellular fatty acid composition of rod and coccus forms of Arthrobacter globiformis, A-crystallopoietes and A-nicotianae isolated from the water fern Azolla SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORYNEFORM BACTERIA; DIFFERENTIATION; CYANOBACTERIA; MICROCOCCUS; STARVATION; PROFILES; NOV AB Seven strains of Arthobacter globiformis, and one each of A. crystallopoietes and A. nicotianae, isolated from the water fern Azolla, were cultured for 2-3 d at 30 degrees C on Pseudomonas Agar F to obtain rods and for 5 d to obtain cocci, then analysed for total cellular fatty acids. In rods, saturated iso- and anteiso-branched 13-19 carbon fatty acids averaged 85% of the total in A. globiformis, 81% in A. crystallopoietes, and 97% in A. nicotianae. Minor components included unsaturated branched chains, hydroxy and cyclopropane fatty acids. Fatty acid composition of A. globiformis was similar to that of A, crystallopoietes but different from that of A. nicotianae. Saturated straight chains in A. nicotianae averaged 1.5% of the total compared with 14-16% in A. globiformis/crystallopoietes, and anteiso-15:0 constituted 73% of the total in A. nicotianae compared with 18-19% in the other species. Composition of cocci was different from that of rods in A. globiformis and A. crystallopoietes. As cells changed from rods to cocci, percentages of saturated and unsaturated straight chains decreased and saturated iso- and anteiso-branched chains increased. In A. nicotianae there were no significant differences in the fatty acids between rods and cocci. C1 USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Biol, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Univ Botswana, Dept Sci Biol, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Wells, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jwells@arserrc.gov OI FORNI, CINZIA/0000-0002-2617-9147 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 84 IS 5 BP 784 EP 790 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZX671 UT WOS:000074542300014 ER PT J AU Gile, LH Gibbens, RP Lenz, JM AF Gile, LH Gibbens, RP Lenz, JM TI Soil-induced variability in root systems of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) and tarbush (Flourensia cernua) SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE stages I-IV of carbonate accumulation; hydraulic conductivity; calcic horizons; petrocalcic horizons; Calciargids; Petrocalcids; root morphology; root depth; root distribution ID DESERT; PRECIPITATION AB Creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) and tarbush (Flourensia cernua) are two of the major shrub invaders of grassland in many desert areas of southern New Mexico. Soils and root systems associated with these two shrubs were studied at three sites on an alluvial fan piedmont. The soils have formed in alluvium derived from monzonite, rhyolite, and andesite, in deposits ranging in age from late Holocene to middle Pleistocene. Soil age, carbonate morphology, particle size, and landscape position were found to be major factors associated with root variability. The stage I carbonate that occurs in youngest soils has relatively little influence on root distribution because the carbonate consists only of thin coatings on sand grains and pebbles. But the increasing carbonate that occurs in stages II, III, and IV results in denser zones of carbonate that control the routes for movement of both soil water and roots. Not only do individual nodules and cemented pebbly zones grow and eventually merge, they also represent zones of restricted hydraulic conductivity, funneling soil water and roots to as yet uncemented parts of the horizon. Continued carbonate accumulation leads to a plugged horizon and an overlying stage IV laminar horizon that is a barrier to roots. Particle size controls the time and amount of carbonate required for formation of these horizons. Calciargids of late Pleistocene age that averaged 4% and 32% by volume of gravel and contained 415 and 317 kg m(-2) of pedogenic carbonate had only stage In: horizons. In contrast, a Petrocalcid of the same age and averaging 63% by volume of gravel required only 205 kg m(-2) of carbonate to form the stage IV horizon. Roots penetrated occasional openings in the stage IV horizon. Runoff from soils sloping 2% reduces the number of days with available soil water at various depths as compared to 1% slopes below. At the 2% slope, roots did not extend below 2 m depth, whereas at the 1% slope roots extended to as much as 5 m depth. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 USDA, NRCS, Soil Survey Investigat, Las Cruces, NM USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Exp Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Gile, LH (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Soil Survey Investigat, Las Cruces, NM USA. NR 35 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 39 IS 1 BP 57 EP 78 DI 10.1006/jare.1998.0377 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZV384 UT WOS:000074299200006 ER PT J AU Mavrodi, DV Ksenzenko, VN Bonsall, RF Cook, RJ Boronin, AM Thomashow, LS AF Mavrodi, DV Ksenzenko, VN Bonsall, RF Cook, RJ Boronin, AM Thomashow, LS TI A seven-gene locus for synthesis is of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE; SECONDARY METABOLITES; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; CLONING; PSEUDOMONAS-AUREOFACIENS-30-84 AB Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 produces the broad-spectrum antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), which is active against a variety of fungal root pathogens. In this study, seven genes designated phzABCDEFG that are sufficient for synthesis of PCA were localized within a 6,8-kb BglII-XbaI fragment from the phenazine biosynthesis locus of strain 2-79, Polypeptides corresponding to all phz genes were identified by analysis of recombinant plasmids in a T7 promoter/polymerase expression system. Products of the phzC, phzD, and phzE genes have similarities to enzymes of shikimic acid and chorismic acid metabolism and, together with PhzF, are absolutely necessary for PCA production. PhzG is similar to pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate oxidases and probably is a source of cofactor For the PCA-synthesizing enzyme(s), Products of the phzA and phzB genes are highly homologous to each other and may be involved in stabilization of a putative PCA-synthesizing multienzyme complex, Two new genes, phzX and phzY, that are homologous to phzA and phzB, respectively, were cloned and sequenced from P. aureofaciens 30-84, which produces PCA, 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid, and 2-hydroxyphenazine. Based on functional analysis of the phz genes from strains 2-79 and 30-84, we postulate that different species of fluorescent pseudomonads have similar genetic systems that confer the ability to synthesize PCA. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Physiol Microorganisms, Pushchino 142292, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Thomashow, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, POB 646430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013 NR 39 TC 158 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 180 IS 9 BP 2541 EP 2548 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZK570 UT WOS:000073338400036 PM 9573209 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR AF Delwiche, SR TI Protein content of single kernels of wheat by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wheat; single kernel; protein; near-infrared ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; TRANSMITTANCE AB Protein content is well known to affect the functional properties of processed wheat products. Traditionally performed on aliquots (0.25-2.2 g) from samples ranging in size from 30-40 g (Eor combustion and Kjeldahl analyses) to several hundred grams (for whole-grain near-infrared analysis), these methods inherently do not provide information on single-kernel protein variability. Inspection procedures by the United States Department of Agriculture for grading and classification of wheat are undergoing change to provide the processor or end user with information on the variability of several single-kernel properties including hardness, moisture, weight, and wheat class. The present study has focused on demonstrating the feasibility of measuring crude protein content of single wheat kernels by near-infrared reflectance. More than 300 commercial wheat samples from the 1992 U.S. harvest, representing five (hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, hard white, and soft white) of the six (durum excluded) market classes were chosen, from which 10 kernels were randomly selected and handled on a single-kernel basis. Handling consisted of reflectance scanning (1100-2498 nm), drying (for moisture compensation), and combustion (for reference protein-content determination). Partial least squares and multiple linear regression models, when applied to samples excluded from calibration, demonstrated standard errors of performance ranging from 0.462 to 0.720% protein depending on the modeling technique, number of classes used to develop the model, and the wheat class tested. The pooling of wheat classes to produce a general model did not diminish model accuracy. Best results were achieved with an 1100-1400-nm region. Model performance worsened as the wavelength region widened or as the minimum wavelength shifted from 1100 nm to higher values. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1997.0165 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA ZT245 UT WOS:000074065300006 ER PT J AU Gerson, EA Kelsey, RG AF Gerson, EA Kelsey, RG TI Variation of piperidine alkaloids in ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) and lodgepole pine (P-contorta) foliage from central Oregon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE piperidine alkaloids; pinidine; euphococcinine; foliar chemistry; nitrogen; Pinus ponderosa; Pinus contorta ID PICEA; LUPINUS; SPRUCE; FABACEAE AB We quantified 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids in Pinus ponderosa and P. contorta needles from three forest sites in April, June, August, and December. Alkaloids were detected on at least one date in 71% of the ponderosa pine and in 29% of the lodgepole pine trees sampled. Pinidine was the major alkaloid constituent of ponderosa pine, while euphococcinine was the predominant compound in lodgepole pine. For ponderosa pine, total alkaloid concentrations were very low at two sites on all dates. At the third site, concentrations were variable but significantly higher on all dates. Total alkaloid concentrations in previous-year foliage from this site were highest in April, then significantly lower from June through December. Current-year foliage collected in August and December had significantly higher alkaloid concentrations than previous-year foliage on the same dates. Variation in foliar nitrogen concentrations accounted for some of the alkaloid variation in current-year foliage sampled in August. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gerson, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 24 IS 5 BP 815 EP 827 DI 10.1023/A:1022369416745 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZM260 UT WOS:000073520700004 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Gardner, DR Jones, WA Manners, GD AF Ralphs, MH Gardner, DR Jones, WA Manners, GD TI Diterpenoid alkaloid concentration in tall larkspur plants damaged by larkspur mirid SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Hopplomachus affiguratus; Heteroptera; Miridae; cattle poisoning; Delphinium barbeyi; norditerpenoid alkaloids; methyllycaconitine ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; PHENOLOGY; CATTLE AB Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) is a serious poisonous plant threat to cattle on mountain rangelands. The larkspur mirid [Hopplomachus affiguratus] has been proposed as a biological tool to damage tall larkspur in an effort to deter grazing by cattle and thus prevent poisoning. Preliminary data suggested that it may also reduce toxic alkaloid levels. The objective of this study was to determine if damage caused by the larkspur mirid would reduce toxic alkaloid concentration. Larkspur mirids were collected in the field in 1992 and placed on potted plants in the greenhouse. The resulting mirid-damaged leaves were lower in toxic alkaloids than leaves from uninfested plants. In the 1995 field study, toxic and total norditerpenoid alkaloid concentrations were measured in two larkspur populations having established mirid populations and in two newly infested larkspur populations. In the 1996 field study, three widely separated larkspur populations infested with mirids were sampled. Mirid-damaged leaves were lower in toxic alkaloids in both years, but there were no differences in flowering heads. However, only at Yampa, Colorado, did mirids reduce toxic alkaloids to levels that would not pose a threat to cattle. There was no difference in toxic or total alkaloid concentration between larkspur populations with long-term mirid infestations compared to newly infested plants. The plant-to-plant variability in alkaloid concentration was greater than differences due to mirids. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 24 IS 5 BP 829 EP 840 DI 10.1023/A:1022321500815 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZM260 UT WOS:000073520700005 ER PT J AU Gorman, JST Jones, TH Spande, TF Snelling, RR Torres, JA Garraffo, HM AF Gorman, JST Jones, TH Spande, TF Snelling, RR Torres, JA Garraffo, HM TI 3-hexyl-5-methylindolizidine isomers from thief ants, Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) species SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE venom; alkaloids; Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum); indolizidine; chemotaxonomy ID VENOM ALKALOIDS; FIRE ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; CHEMISTRY AB The venom alkaloids from the workers of nine collections of Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) from California contain either (5E,9E)-3-hexyl-5-methylindolizidine (Ic) or (5Z,9E)-3-hexyl-5-methylindolizidine (Id) along with cis-2-methyl-6-nonylpiperidine. The structures of these compounds were determined from their mass spectra and by comparison of their GC-FTIR spectra with those of a synthetic mixture. In view of the facts that a third diastereomer of 3-hexyl-5-methylindolizidine had been reported in previous collections of Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) queens from Puerto Rico, and that indolizidines along with other ant venom alkaloids are sequestered by amphibians, the determination of species in this difficult group of ants is significant. In particular, the chemotaxonomic value of the stereochemistry of these venom alkaloids is discussed. C1 Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Chem, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. NIDDK, Bioorgan Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Los Angeles Cty Museum Nat Hist, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. US Forest Serv, IITF, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Jones, TH (reprint author), Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Chem, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 24 IS 5 BP 933 EP 943 DI 10.1023/A:1022381719471 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZM260 UT WOS:000073520700010 ER PT J AU Zainal, HA Wolf, WR Waters, RM AF Zainal, HA Wolf, WR Waters, RM TI An NMR spectroscopic investigation of the oxidation reactions of DL-selenomethionine SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DL-selenomethionine; hydrogen peroxide; cyanogen bromide; ozone; H-1 NMR; C-13 NMR ID ACIDIC AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SELENAMETHIONINE; METHIONINE AB Oxidation reactions of DL-selenomethionine (DL-SeMet) with hydrogen peroxide and ozone were investigated by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. Chemical shifts of the reaction products were measured at different pD values in D2O solutions. In the moderate (4-8) pD range, a pair of singlets of equal intensity appeared at 2.71 and 2.80 ppm, with the disappearance of the DL-SeMet methyl peak at 2.04 ppm. As the pD of the solution decreased, the chemical shifts of both peaks increased relative to 3-trimethylsilylpropionic acid-d(4) sodium salt. In strongly acidic solutions (pD < 3), the pair collapsed to one singlet at 3.18 ppm. As pD values increased the chemical shifts decreased in numerical value with only a singlet at 2.69 ppm observed in strongly basic solutions (pD > 10). These data were assigned to Met selenoxide in basic solution, stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and to the hydration of Met selenoxide to Met dihydroxyselenide in acidic solutions. In moderate pD solutions (pD = 4-8), both forms of the selenoxide can exist. For the reaction of DL-SeMet with CNBr, two parallel reactions occur, i.e. oxidation and bond cleavage with cyanization: the bond cleavage giving the expected products, i.e. 2-amino-4-butyrolactone and methyl selenocyanate, with an additional singlet observed at 2.54 ppm. (C) 1988 SCI. C1 ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Environm Chem Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zainal, HA (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 72 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199805)72:1<38::AID-JCTB863>3.0.CO;2-R PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA ZN279 UT WOS:000073630000007 ER PT J AU Bronner, WE Beecher, GR AF Bronner, WE Beecher, GR TI Method for determining the content of catechins in tea infusions by high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE tea; food analysis; catechins; flavonoids; polyphenols ID GREEN TEA; BLACK; FLAVONOIDS; CONSTITUENTS; CONSUMPTION; OXIDATION; FLAVANOLS; HPLC AB A high-performance liquid chromatography method employing diode array detection was developed to determine levels of the major catechins present in black, green, and Jasmine tea infusions. Reversed-phase separations were performed on a C-18 column using three gradients: acetonitrile-acetate buffer, methanol-acetate buffer, and acetonitrile-acetate buffer with ascorbic acid. The identities of the tea catechins were established by comparing absorbance spectra and retention times to reference standards chromatographed under identical conditions. Epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate were found in all the tea infusions examined, ranging in concentration from 1-13 mg dl(-1). These levels indicate that even moderate tea consumption can contribute a substantial quantity of flavanols to the diet. Although some differences between the three brewed teas were evident, all were comparably good sources of these catechins. 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bronner, WE (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 111 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 805 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00040-5 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZP037 UT WOS:000073710200014 PM 9618918 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Rall, LC Veldhuis, JD Kehayias, JJ Rosen, C Nicolson, M Lundgren, N Reichlin, S AF Roubenoff, R Rall, LC Veldhuis, JD Kehayias, JJ Rosen, C Nicolson, M Lundgren, N Reichlin, S TI The relationship between growth hormone kinetics and sarcopenia in postmenopausal women: The role of fat mass and leptin SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID ULTRASENSITIVE CHEMILUMINESCENCE ASSAY; TOTAL-BODY POTASSIUM; SERUM LEPTIN; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; OBESE SUBJECTS; PLASMA LEPTIN; GH SECRETION; AGING HUMANS; WEIGHT-LOSS; OB/OB MICE AB Sarcopenia, the decline in body cell mass (BCM) and especially in muscle mass with age, is an important age-related cause of frailty and loss of independence in the elderly. Because the decline in BCM with age parallels a decline in GH secretion from young adulthood to old age, loss of GH secretion has been considered an important contributory cause of sarcopenia in the elderly. To test this hypothesis in a group of healthy postmenopausal women (n = 15; mean +/- SD age, 66.9 +/- 7.8 yr), 24-h GH concentrations and secretory kinetics were correlated with BCM (measured by whole body counting of K-40) and percent body fat (measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry or neutron inelastic scattering). Serum leptin levels were determined as a measure of adipocyte mass. Contrary to prediction, GH secretion was lower in women with higher BCM (r = -0.50; P < 0.05), whereas their mean fat mass was higher (r = 0.51, P < 0.05). These data indicate that sarcopenia in postmenopausal women is not associated with reduced GPI secretion and is inversely correlated with fat mass. Serum leptin levels were inversely associated with GH secretion (r = -0.67; P < 0.006). Although a causal relationship has not been demonstrated, these data suggest that leptin could modulate GPI secretion through its action on the aging hypothalamic-pituitary axis, or that GH regulates leptin secretion. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Tupper Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Hlth Promot & Human Dev, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. St Joseph Hosp, Maine Ctr Osteoporosis Res & Educ, Bangor, ME 04402 USA. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roubenoff@hnrc.tufts.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00054] NR 50 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1502 EP 1506 DI 10.1210/jc.83.5.1502 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZM396 UT WOS:000073535300018 PM 9589646 ER PT J AU Crone, L Tschirhart, J AF Crone, L Tschirhart, J TI Separating economic from political influences on government decisions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE public interest theory; forestry; forest service; interest groups; regulatory behavior AB The public interest theory is a poor predictor of government decisions relative to interest group theories, but a sophisticated public interest theory is a more serious alternative to the former. Testing the sophisticated theory's predictions is problematic, however, when public interest is coincident with an interest group's interests. A four-step method is developed that disentangles public interest and interest group interests by separating economic from political incentives. Applying the method to the National Forest Service decisions about wilderness designations indicates whether interest groups were successful in influencing allocation decisions and whether allocation decisions were in the public interest. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tschirhart, J (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2681 J9 J ECON BEHAV ORGAN JI J. Econ. Behav. Organ. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 35 IS 4 BP 405 EP 425 DI 10.1016/S0167-2681(98)00045-6 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA ZQ866 UT WOS:000073910900001 ER PT J AU Loomis, J Peterson, G Champ, P Brown, T Lucero, B AF Loomis, J Peterson, G Champ, P Brown, T Lucero, B TI Paired comparison estimates of willingness to accept versus contingent valuation estimates of willingness to pay SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE validity; private goods; experiment ID DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE; WELFARE EVALUATIONS; REFERENDUM DATA; EFFICIENCY; MODELS AB Estimating empirical measures of an individual's willingness to accept that are consistent with conventional economic theory, has proven difficult. The method of paired comparison offers a promising approach to estimate willingness to accept. This method involves having individuals make binary choices between receiving a particular good or a sum of money. Willingness to accept can be inferred from the ranking of dollar amounts and the good of interest. Using the paired comparison approach, mean (median) willingness to accept for a private good is estimated at $59($52). Contingent valuation estimate of willingness to pay for the same good yields a mean (median) of $28($28). While these estimates are statistically different, the ratio of willingness to accept to willingness to pay is less than in most previous studies and closer to ratios found in actual cash experiments. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Loomis, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2681 J9 J ECON BEHAV ORGAN JI J. Econ. Behav. Organ. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 35 IS 4 BP 501 EP 515 DI 10.1016/S0167-2681(98)00050-X PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA ZQ866 UT WOS:000073910900006 ER PT J AU Timlin, DJ Ahuja, LR Heathman, GC AF Timlin, DJ Ahuja, LR Heathman, GC TI Preferential transport of a bromide tracer applied in a pulse of ponded water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-SCALE TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; CLAY SOIL; MOVEMENT; FLOW; VARIABILITY; DISPERSION; IRRIGATION; MACROPORES; RAINFALL AB The objective of this study was to quantify relations between preferential transport of a solute and initial water content, infiltration rate, and porosity in a field soil where preferential transport was mainly due to soil heterogeneity. We measured the horizontal and vertical distribution of a tracer chemical applied with ponded water to study the flow paths of the tracer. The soil at the site is a Bosville fine sandy loam (fine-mixed, thermic Albaquic Paleudalfs). Strontium bromide (SrBr2) tracer was applied with a dye (methylene blue) in a 100 or 50-mm pulse of water to soil within eight double ring infiltrometers. After 48 h the soil in each infiltrometer was sampled to 0.7 m, Twelve horizontally oriented, continuous soil samples 0.1 m long were collected at each depth. There were very few dye stains of root hairs, root channels, and pores to a depth of about 50 to 80 mm. Recoveries of Br to 0.5 m ranged from 36 to 56% applied. Bromide recovery was negatively correlated with initial water content and positively with total porosity. Below 0.35 m in depth resident solute concentration at a sampling position was positively correlated with concentration in the layer above indicating preferential vertical flow paths. It appeared that a large fraction of solute transport was through the highly porous areas of the cross-section of soil bounded by the infiltrometer ring. The preferential transport of Br in this study was influenced largely by the properties of the clay layer at 0.35 m that had the lowest conductivity and lowest porosity in the profile and appeared to have cracks filled with sand. C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, Grazing Lands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Timlin, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 008,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dtimlin@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 505 EP 514 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN332 UT WOS:000073635300012 ER PT J AU Augustine, PC Jenkins, MC AF Augustine, PC Jenkins, MC TI Effect of conditioned media from chicken and turkey intestinal cell cultures on invasion by sporozoites of three species of avian coccidia SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell metabolic products; chicken coccidia; enhanced invasion; intestinal cell cultures; turkey coccidia ID EIMERIA-ADENOEIDES; ACERVULINA; TENELLA AB The effect of conditioned media from cultures of turkey and chicken intestinal cells on cellular invasion by sporozoites of avian Eimeria species was examined in vitro. Media conditioned by the growth of cells from the ceca, mid-intestine (area of the yolk stalk diverticulum), and duodenal loop were examined for their ability to enhance invasion. Conditioned medium from cultures of turkey cecal cells significantly enhanced invasion by the turkey coccidia Eimeria adenoeides, by 2.4-fold, and E. meleagrimitis, by 2.2-fold, as compared with invasion in the presence of control medium. Conditioned medium from mid-intestinal cell cultures enhanced invasion by the two coccidial species by 2.0- and 2.1-fold, respectively. The enhancement occurred with conditioned media from early (1) as well as later (11) passages of cells. This suggests that the enhancing factor was produced by fibroblast-like cells, the predominant cell type at both early and late passages, and not by epithelial like cells that had disappeared by the first or second passage. Additionally, conditioned media from cultures of chicken cecal and duodenal loop cells significantly enhanced invasion by the turkey cecal coccidium, E. adenoeides, (1.7- and 1.6-fold, respectively). This was less enhancement than was caused by the turkey cell conditioned media. Heat treatment (56 degrees C for 45 min) of conditioned media failed to alter the effect on invasion. Neither the turkey or chicken cecal cell media nor conditioned media from any other chicken intestinal cell cultures enhanced invasion by E. tenella, the chicken cecal coccidium. Although morphologically dissimilar when they were first plated, the gross appearance and growth of the turkey and chicken cells when conditioned media was collected was comparable. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Augustine, PC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM paugusti@ggpl.arsusda.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 45 IS 3 BP 344 EP 346 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb04546.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZT005 UT WOS:000074038000015 PM 9627994 ER PT J AU Reid, CD Fiscus, EL AF Reid, CD Fiscus, EL TI Effects of elevated [CO2] and/or ozone on limitations to CO2 assimilation in soybean (Glycine max) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CO2 by O-3 interactions; elevated [CO2]; O-3 fumigation; Rubisco carboxylation efficiency; RuBP regeneration ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; GAS-EXCHANGE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LEAF PROTEINS; SPRING WHEAT AB Soybean (Glycine max) was grown in open-top field chambers at ambient (360 mu mol mol(-1)) or doubled [CO2] either in charcoal-filtered air (20 nmol mol(-1) [O-3]) or in non-filtered air supplemented to 1.5 x ambient [O-3] (70 nmol mol(-1)) to determine the major limitations to assimilation under conditions of elevated [CO2] and/or [O-3]. Through plant ontogeny, assimilation versus intercellular CO2 concentration (A/Ci) responses were measured to assess the limitations to assimilation imposed by the capacity for Rubisco carboxylation, RuBP regeneration, and stomatal diffusion. In the vegetative stages, no significant treatment effects of elevated [CO2] and/or [O-3] were observed on Rubisco carboxylation efficiency (CE), light and CO2-saturated assimilation capacity (A(max)), and chlorophyll content (Chl). However, for plants grown in elevated [CO2], the assimilation rate at growth [CO2] (A) was 60% higher than at ambient [CO2] up to the seed maturation stage, and the potential rate of assimilation by Rubisco capacity (A(p)) was increased. Also in elevated [CO2]: A was 51% of A(p); the relative stomatal limitation (%Stomata) was 5%; and the relative RuBP regeneration limitation (%RuBP) was 44%. In ambient [CO2], O-3 gradually decreased A per unit leaf area, but had little effect on A, and the relative limitations to assimilation where A remained 51% of A(p), %Stomata was 27%, and %RuBP was 22%. During reproduction, CE declined for plants grown in elevated [CO2] and/or [O-3]; A(p) was unaffected by elevated [CO2], but was reduced by [O-3] at ambient [CO2]; A increased to 72% of A(p) in elevated [CO2] and/or [O-3]-fumigated air; the %Stomata increased; and the %RuBP decreased, to become non significant in elevated [CO2] from the beginning of seed growth on, and in O-3-fumigated air at ambient [CO2] at the seed maturation stage. The decrease in %RuBP occurred concomitantly with an increase in A(max) and Chl. Significant [CO2] x [O-3] interactions support the lack of an O-3 effect on assimilation and its limitations at elevated [CO2] during seed maturation. These data suggest that elevated [CO2] alleviated some of the effects of O-3 on photosynthesis. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Reid, CD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Agr Res Serv, Box 7632,1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 68 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 49 IS 322 BP 885 EP 895 DI 10.1093/jexbot/49.322.885 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZP552 UT WOS:000073764900013 ER PT J AU Marentes, E Grusak, MA AF Marentes, E Grusak, MA TI Mass determination of low-molecular-weight proteins in phloem sap using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE MALDI; mass spectrometry; phloem protein; Lupinus albus L.; Pisum sativum L. ID COMMUNIS L SEEDLINGS; SIEVE-TUBE EXUDATE; BINDING AB The low-molecular-weight (LMW), low-abundance protein composition of lupin and pea phloem exudates was determined using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Phloem sap was collected from lupin inflorescence stalks and pods (using shallow incisions) or pea seedlings (by placing cut stems in an EDTA solution). Western blot analysis of phloem exudate proteins with either a polyclonal antibody raised against Ricinus communis sieve-tube exudate proteins or pea Rubisco antibody revealed that the collected exudates contained phloem sap, and that contamination with other plant fluids was negligible. Three matrix combinations were tested to assess their ability to facilitate protein ionization. Sinapinic acid in combination with trifluoroacetic acid yielded the cleanest mass spectra, and revealed an array of LMW proteins ranging from 2 to 10 kDa. For pea phloem exudate, the addition of protease inhibitors to the exudate collection solution prevented proteolysis of endogenous proteins; the inhibitors did not interfere with the detection of proteins. The sensitivity of this technique was sufficient to detect changes in LMW phloem peptides throughout plant development in lupin, or to detect differences in the phloem peptide composition of two genotypes of pea, Because only limited sample preparation is required, MALDI-TOF-MS is a useful technique for characterizing complex fluids such as phloem sap. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 49 IS 322 BP 903 EP 911 DI 10.1093/jexbot/49.322.903 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZP552 UT WOS:000073764900015 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, TP TI Identification and characterization of Salmonella isolates by automated ribotyping SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; RESTRICTION PATTERNS; ECORI FRAGMENTS; ENTERITIDIS; IS200; STRAINS; SEQUENCES; TOOL AB A study was conducted with the RiboPrinter, an automated ribotyping system, to evaluate its ability to identify and characterize isolates of Salmonella from broiler operations. Isolates of Salmonella obtained from a local broiler company were serotyped by a reference laboratory and ribotyped using the RiboPrinter. The RiboPrinter generated ribotype patterns by probing EcoRI digests of Salmonella DNA with an E. coli DNA probe to the ribosomal RNA operon. The RiboPrinter identified isolates by band matching of their ribotype patterns to ribotype patterns in its database. In addition, the RiboPrinter characterized isolates by sorting them into ribotypes on the basis of the similarity of their ribotype patterns. Of 117 isolates, the RiboPrinter identified 34 (29%) at the serotype level, 11 (9%) at the strain level, 46 (39%) at the genus level, and 26 (22%) were not identified. Thus, only 38% of the isolates were identified at or below the serotype level, indicating that the RiboPrinter was limited in its ability to identify Salmonella isolates by band matching. In contrast, the RiboPrinter was very effective at characterizing Salmonella isolates. Out of 108 isolates, the RiboPrinter detected 31 ribotypes, compared to serotyping which only detected 22 types of Salmonella. Thus, automated ribotyping was more discriminatory than serotyping. However, when results of both typing methods were combined, 40 types of Salmonella were detected, indicating that the best discrimination was obtained when automated ribotyping and serotyping were used together. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Microbial Food Safety Res Unit Works, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Microbial Food Safety Res Unit Works, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 61 IS 5 BP 519 EP 524 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA ZM381 UT WOS:000073533100002 PM 9709220 ER PT J AU Fedorka-Cray, PJ Dargatz, DA Thomas, LA Gray, JT AF Fedorka-Cray, PJ Dargatz, DA Thomas, LA Gray, JT TI Survey of Salmonella serotypes in feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID S-TYPHIMURIUM; CALVES; CHOLERAESUIS; PREVALENCE; SWINE; PERSISTENCE; MANAGEMENT; EXCRETION; INFECTION; SEROVARS AB A national study of health and management of cattle in feedlots was conducted. Within this study, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fecal samples was determined. Fifty fecal samples were collected from each of 100 feedlots. Within each feedlot, 25 fresh fecal samples were collected from the floor of the pens of cattle which had been on feed the shortest and 25 from those on feed the longest periods of time. The total number of samples collected was 4,977; 2,484 and 2,495 from pens of cattle on feed the shortest and longest times, respectively. Salmonella spp. were recovered from 38% (38 of 100) of the feedlots. Salmonella spp, were recovered from 5.5% (273 of 4,977) of all samples and from 3.5% (88 of 2,484) and 7.4% (185 of 2,495) of samples from pens of cattle shortest and longest on feed, respectively. The most common serotype recovered was S. anatum (27.9%), followed by S. montevideo (12.9%), S. muenster (11.8%), S. kentucky (8.2%), and S. newington (4.3%). The most common serogroups identified were Fl (39.6%), Cl (20.7%), and B (10.4%). Shedding of the serotypes most commonly associated with human illness occurred infrequently (13 of 273: 4.8%). This study provides information on the status of Salmonella spp. from cattle in feedlots and may serve as baseline information for future studies. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. APHIS, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. APHIS, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. FSIS, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, RRC, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 53 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 61 IS 5 BP 525 EP 530 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA ZM381 UT WOS:000073533100003 PM 9709221 ER PT J AU Annous, BA Kozempel, MF AF Annous, BA Kozempel, MF TI Influence of growth medium on thermal resistance of Pediococcus sp NRRL B-2354 (formerly Micrococcus freudenreichii) in liquid foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEAT-RESISTANCE; WATER ACTIVITY; PH AB Pediococcus sp. is a nonpathogenic heal-resistant spoilage organism that has been used as a test organism in milk pasteurization studies. These characteristics make this bacterium an attractive test organism to study the mode of bacterial thermal inactivation in a food pilot plant, We report here the effect of growth medium on the thermal D value of this organism in skim milk, whole Liquid egg, 10% glucose solution, pineapple juice, apple juice, tomato juice, and water at 60 degrees C. Thermal inactivation was done in a submerged coil; D values were calculated from the linear portion of the survival curves by linear regression analysis. The range of D values of stationary-phase cells grown at 28 degrees C in tryptone glucose yeast extract (TGY) or tryptic soy broth (TSB) was 0.14 to 12.05 min in all heating menstrua tested. The TSB-grown cells exhibited the highest thermal resistance with skim milk and 10% glucose solution as the heating menstrua. Survival curves of the TGY-grown cells indicated the presence of a cell population heterogeneous in thermal resistance. The TSB-grown cells exhibited a cell population uniform in thermal resistance and with a lag time for thermal inactivation. When compared to TGY-grown cells, Pediococcus sp, grown in TSB showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in D values by up to eightfold in all heating menstrua. Results from this study suggested that thermal inactivation of Pediococcus sp. was dependent on the growth medium and on the heating menstruum with respect to both pH and composition. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Annous, BA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bannous@arserrc.gov NR 18 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 61 IS 5 BP 578 EP 581 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA ZM381 UT WOS:000073533100012 PM 9709230 ER PT J AU Kozempel, MF Annous, BA Cook, RD Scullen, OJ Whiting, RC AF Kozempel, MF Annous, BA Cook, RD Scullen, OJ Whiting, RC TI Inactivation of microorganisms with microwaves at reduced temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOOD AB We developed a pilot-plant nonthermal flow process using microwave energy to inactivate microorganisms. The process consists of multiple passes through the microwave generator. Each passed material goes to a receiving tank for subsequent passes. The Bow rate was 0.96 to 1.26 kg/min and the dwell time per pass was 1.1 to 1.5 min. Five passes were used. The microwave energy is instantaneously and simultaneously applied to the system, and thermal energy is removed by a fooling tube within the process Line in the microwave generator. The cooling tube maintains the temperature below 40 degrees C. There was significant reduction in microorganisms in water, 10% glucose solution, and apple juice, and in yeast in beer. There was a slight decrease in microorganisms in tomato juice, pineapple juice, apple cider, and beer; and no effect in skim milk. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kozempel, MF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 12 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 61 IS 5 BP 582 EP 585 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA ZM381 UT WOS:000073533100013 PM 9709231 ER PT J AU Gamble, HR Solomon, MB Long, JB AF Gamble, HR Solomon, MB Long, JB TI Effects of hydrodynamic pressure on the viability of Trichinella spiralis in pork SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TRICHINOSIS; TEMPERATURE; INFECTIVITY AB Treatment by hydrodynamic pressure is an attractive alternative for meat tenderization and might also have an effect on foodborne pathogens. Numbers of Trichinella spiralis recovered from infected pork were significantly reduced by treatment with the Hydrodyne process, as compared with untreated, infected pork. However, treatment with the hydrodynamic force described in this paper (55 to 60 MPa) did not eliminate the infectivity of this parasite when the larvae from Hydrodyne-treated meat were inoculated into mice. C1 USDA ARS, LPSI, PBEL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, LPSI, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Hydrodyne Inc, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Gamble, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS, LPSI, PBEL, Bldg 1040,Room 103,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 61 IS 5 BP 637 EP 639 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA ZM381 UT WOS:000073533100024 PM 9709242 ER PT J AU Williams, DR Stewart, SI AF Williams, DR Stewart, SI TI Sense of place: An elusive concept that is finding a home in ecosystem management SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID HEART AB "Sense of place" offers resource managers a way to identify and respond to the emotional and spiritual bonds people form with certain spaces. We examine reasons for the increasing interest in the concept and offer four broad recommendations for applying sense of place to ecosystem management. By initiating a discussion about sense of place, managers can build a working relationship with the public that reflects the complex web of lifestyles, meanings, and social relations endemic to a place. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Leisure Studies, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Evanston, IL USA. RP Williams, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Leisure Studies, 1206 S 4th St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM d-willi1@uiuc.edu RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 23 TC 174 Z9 181 U1 8 U2 30 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 96 IS 5 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZL305 UT WOS:000073419300006 ER PT J AU Kleiboeker, SB Kutish, GF Neilan, JG Lu, Z Zsak, L Rock, DL AF Kleiboeker, SB Kutish, GF Neilan, JG Lu, Z Zsak, L Rock, DL TI A consented African swine fever virus right variable region gene, I1 1L, is non-essential for growth in vitro and virulence in domestic swine SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-PROTEIN STRUCTURE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOME; DNA; MALAWI; SIMILARITY; TICKS; ACID AB The right variable region of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genome is known to contain genes with functions involving virus virulence and host range in swine. A novel open reading frame, ORFI11L, which was absent in the non-pathogenic, cell culture-adapted European isolate BA71V, was identified in the pathogenic African isolate Malawi Lil-20/1,The location of I11L in the right variable region, together with its absence in BA71V, suggested that I11L may have a function in virus virulence and/or host range, Here, we show that the I11L gene is highly conserved among pathogenic African, European and Caribbean ASFV field isolates and that it exists either in a short form, encoding a protein of 77-78 amino acids (9.1 kDa) or in a longer form of 93-94 amino acids (11.1 kDa), The presence of two predicted membrane-spanning segments suggests that I11L is an integral membrane protein. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that I11L mRNA is expressed late in the virus replication cycle, A recombinant I11L gene deletion mutant, Delta I11L, was constructed from the ASFV isolate Malawi Lil-20/1 to examine gene function, Deletion of I11L did not affect virus replication in swine macrophage cell cultures nor virulence in domestic pigs, indicating that I11L is non-essential for growth in vitro and for virus virulence in domestic swine. C1 ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rock, DL (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 79 BP 1189 EP 1195 PN 5 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA ZL473 UT WOS:000073436400025 PM 9603334 ER PT J AU Zhu, HY Ling, KS Goszczynski, DE McFerson, JR Gonsalves, D AF Zhu, HY Ling, KS Goszczynski, DE McFerson, JR Gonsalves, D TI Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 are similar to beet yellows virus, the closterovirus type member SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; RNA PLANT-VIRUSES; 3'-TERMINAL HALF; CHERRY DISEASE; EVOLUTION; PARTICLES; IDENTIFICATION AB The entire genome of grapevine leafroll-associated closterovirus-2 (GLRaV-2), except the exact 5' terminus, was cloned and sequenced. The sequence encompasses nine open reading frames (ORFs) which include, in the 5' to 3' direction, an incomplete ORF1a encoding a putative viral polyprotein and eight ORFs that encode proteins of 52 kDa (ORF1b), 6 kDa (ORF2), 65 kDa (ORF3), 63 kDa (ORF4), 25 kDa (ORF5), 22 kDa (ORF6), 19 kDa (ORF7) and 24 kDa (ORF8) respectively, and 216 nucleotides of the 3' untranslated region. An incomplete ORF1a potentially encoded a large polyprotein containing the conserved domains characteristic of a papain-like protease, methyltransferase and helicase. ORF Ib potentially encoded a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The expression of ORF1b may be via a +1 ribosomal frameshift mechanism, similar to other closteroviruses. A unique gene array, which is conserved in other closteroviruses, was also identified in GLRaV-2; it includes genes encoding a 6 kDa small hydrophobic protein, 65 kDa heat shock protein 70, 63 kDa protein of function unknown, 25 kDa coat protein duplicate and 22 kDa coat protein. Identification of ORF6 (22 kDa) as the coat protein gene was further confirmed by in vivo expression in E. coli and immunoblotting. Phylogenetic analysis comparing different genes of GLRaV-2 with those of other closteroviruses demonstrated a close relationship with beet yellows virus (BYV), beet yellow stunt virus and citrus tristeza virus. GLRaV-2 is the only closterovirus, so far, that matches the genome organization of the type member of the group, BW, and thus can be unambiguously classified as a definitive member of the genus Closterovirus. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Plant Protect Res Inst, Agr Res Council, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. Cornell Univ, USDA, Plant Genet Resource Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Gonsalves, D (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM DG12@Cornell.edu NR 41 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 79 BP 1289 EP 1298 PN 5 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA ZL473 UT WOS:000073436400036 PM 9603345 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Zhu, HY Drong, RF Slightom, JL McFerson, JR Gonsalves, D AF Ling, KS Zhu, HY Drong, RF Slightom, JL McFerson, JR Gonsalves, D TI Nucleotide sequence of the 3 '-terminal two-thirds of the grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 genome reveals a typical monopartite closterovirus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; BEET YELLOWS CLOSTEROVIRUS; CHERRY DISEASE; RNA; EVOLUTION; PARTICLES; ORGANIZATION; PROTEINS; SEROLOGY; DSRNA AB The RNA genome of grapevine leafroll-associated closterovirus-3 (GLRaV-3) was cloned as a cDNA generated from GLRaV-3-specific dsRNA, and a partial genome sequence of 13 154 nucleotides (nt) including the 3' terminus was determined. The sequenced portion contained 13 open reading frames (ORFs) potentially encoding, in the 5'-3' direction, proteins of > 77 kDa (ORF1a; helicase, MEL), 61 kDa (ORF1b; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp), 6 kDa (ORF2), 5 kDa (ORF3, small transmembrane protein), 59 kDa (ORF4; heat shock protein 70, HSP70), 55 kDa (ORF5), 35 kDa (ORF6; coat protein, CP), 53 kDa (ORF7; diverged coat protein, CPd), 21 kDa (ORF8), 20 kDa (ORF9), 20 kDa (ORF10), 4 kDa (ORF11), 7 kDa (ORF12), and an untranslated region of 277 nt. ORF1b is probably expressed via a +1 ribosomal frameshift mechanism, most similar to that of lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV). Phylogenetic analysis using various gene sequences (HEL, RdRp, HSP70 and CP) clearly demonstrated that GLRaV-3, a mealybug-transmissible closterovirus, is positioned independently from aphid-transmissible monopartite closteroviruses (beet yellows, citrus tristeza and beet yellows stunt) and whitefly-transmissible bipartite closterovirus (lettuce infectious yellows, LIYV). However, another alleged mealybug-transmissible closterovirus, little cherry virus, was shown to be more closely related to the whitefly-transmissible LIYV than to GLRaV-3. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Mol Biol Res, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 79 BP 1299 EP 1307 PN 5 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA ZL473 UT WOS:000073436400037 PM 9603346 ER PT J AU Krutovskii, KV Vollmer, SS Sorensen, FC Adams, WT Knapp, SJ Strauss, SH AF Krutovskii, KV Vollmer, SS Sorensen, FC Adams, WT Knapp, SJ Strauss, SH TI RAPD genome maps of Douglas-fir SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; SUGI CRYPTOMERIA-JAPONICA; PINE PINUS-PINASTER; PICEA-ABIES KARST; MOLECULAR MARKERS; DNA MARKERS; RFLP; SEGREGATION; PSEUDOTSUGA AB We present linkage maps and estimate genome length for two hybrid individuals of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France], a coniferous tree species of wide distribution in the western United States. The hybrids were produced by crosses between the coastal (var, menziesii) and interior (var. glauca) varieties. Haploid megagametophytes from 80 seeds of each individual were analyzed using 81 10-bp random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers selected for polymorphism, fragment strength, and repeatability in preliminary segregation analysis. Most (82-90%) of the segregating fragments followed the expected 1:1 Mendelian segregation; however, 10-18% showed significant segregation distortion (P <.05) among megagametophytes of the two trees. In one tree, 201 of 221 segregating loci analyzed were combined into 16 major linkage groups of 4 or more loci (plus 1 group of 3 loci, 3 groups with pairs of loci, and 11 unlinked loci); in the other, 238 of 250 segregating loci were combined into 18 major groups (plus 2 groups of 3 loci each and 6 unlinked loci). Analyses of the distribution of markers indicated highly significant clustering in both trees (P <.001). Including flanking regions and unlinked loci, both trees had linkage maps of similar length, 2600 cM and 3000 cM; expected total map size ranged from 2800 to 3500 cM based on method-of-moments estimation. When a common RAPD protocol was used, more than one-third of the RAPD markers segregated in both hybrids. These maps of Douglas-fir are among the largest reported for conifers, a possible consequence of its 13 haploid chromosomes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Strauss, SH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 NR 59 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 89 IS 3 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1093/jhered/89.3.197 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZU606 UT WOS:000074214900001 ER PT J AU Aung, LH Obenland, DM Houck, LG AF Aung, LH Obenland, DM Houck, LG TI Conditioning and heat treatments influence flavedo soluble sugars of lemon SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILLING INJURY; QUALITY; DECAY AB The changes in flavedo soluble sugars of lemon, Citrus limon (L.) Burm. cv. Eureka, to conditioning and heat treatment were determined. Raffinose significantly increased with 3-6 d conditioning at 15 degrees C with 85% relative humidity but sucrose significantly decreased in flavedo of lemons after 6 d of conditioning. Glucose and fructose contents were not altered significantly. Heat treatment of lemons at 55 degrees C for 5 min significantly increased sucrose content of flavedo, but the raffinose content was unaffected while glucose and fructose contents decreased slightly. The content of fructose in green lemon flavedo was significantly lower than in yellow lemon flavedo, but the content of glucose, sucrose and raffinose tended to be slightly higher. The probable involvement of soluble sugars of lemon flavedo in moderating stress and in protecting cellular membranes from temperature extremes and desiccation is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Aung, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 73 IS 3 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZR015 UT WOS:000073927200016 ER PT J AU Bishop, GD Church, MR Aber, JD Neilson, RP Ollinger, SV Daly, C AF Bishop, GD Church, MR Aber, JD Neilson, RP Ollinger, SV Daly, C TI A comparison of mapped estimates of long-term runoff in the northeast United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE runoff mapping; runoff modeling; water balance model; precipitation ID MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; REGIONAL RUNOFF; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; WATER YIELD; FOREST; MODEL; VEGETATION; EXCHANGE; CO2; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We evaluated the relative accuracy of four methods of producing maps of long-term runoff for part of the northeast United States: MAN, a manual procedure that incorporates expert opinion in contour placement; RPRIS, an automated procedure based on water balance considerations: PnET-II, a physiologically based model of carbon/water balance in forests: and MAPSS (Mapped Atmosphere-Plant Soil System), a rule/process-based vegetation distribution/water balance model. Our goal was to confirm the accuracy of the modeling and mapping procedures, and to see if any improvements to the models and methods might be suggested. In our analyses, we compared contour maps derived from the four methods both qualitatively (visual inspection) and quantitatively (raster overlay and uncertainty analysis). The manual and automated (RPRIS) methods gave the best results, our analyses suggest that methods directly integrating gaged runoff data (i.e. MAN and RPRIS) provide the best results under current climatic conditions. For predicting runoff under altered conditions. e.g. climate change, the existing models studied here (i.e, PnET-II and MAPSS) hold significant promise. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, OAO Corp, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bishop, GD (reprint author), US EPA, OAO Corp, NHEERL, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014 OI Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 206 IS 3-4 BP 176 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00113-9 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA ZV433 UT WOS:000074304100003 ER PT J AU Baker, MD Vossbrinck, CR Becnel, JJ Andreadis, TG AF Baker, MD Vossbrinck, CR Becnel, JJ Andreadis, TG TI Phylogeny of Amblyospora (Microsporida : Amblyosporidae) and related genera based on small subunit ribosomal DNA data: A possible example of host parasite cospeciation SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phylogeny; ribosomal DNA; comparative sequence analysis; Culicidae; mosquito; Amblyospora stimuli; Amblyospora californica; Amblyospora sp.; Edhazardia aedis; Culicosporella lunata; Parathelohania anophelis; Vavraia oncoperae; Endoreticulatus schubergi; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Nosema bombycis; Aedes stimulans; Aedes aegypti; Culex tarsalis; Culex salinarius; Culex pilosus; Culex territans; Anopheles quadrimaculatus ID HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; LIFE-CYCLE; ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; PARATHELOHANIA-ANOPHELIS; MOSQUITO; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; COPEPODS; INTERMEDIATE; SPECIFICITY AB Small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences were analyzed for six species and four genera of microsporidia from mosquito hosts; Amblyospora stimuli (Aedes stimulans), Amblyospora californica (Culex tarsalis),Amblyospora sp. (Culex salinarius), Edhazardia aedis (Aedes aegypti), Culicosporella lunata (Culex pilosus), and Parathelohania anophelis (Anopheles quadrimaculatus), Comparison of these sequences to those of other microsporidia show that these sequences are longer with the SSU rRNA gene of E. aedis being the longest microsporidia sequenced to date (1447 base pairs), Parsimony, maximum likelihood, and distance methods produced identical trees, suggesting that the above microsporidian taxa, contrary to current classification schemes, form a monophyletic group. Relationships within this group are further supported by high bootstrap and decay analysis values. Based on the molecular analysis, P. anophelis is the most divergent species in this group of mosquito parasites. Amblyospora is paraphyletic with A. californica and Amblyospora sp,, forming a sister taxon to a clade composed of E. aedis and A. stimuli. Culicosproa/Edhazardia lunata comprises a sister taxon to the Amblyospora/Edhazardia clade. The pattern of host relationships on the tree provides preliminary evidence that the branching pattern seen here may indicate that host-parasite cospeciation is an important mechanism of evolution in this group. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Baker, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 71 IS 3 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1006/jipa.1997.4725 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ZJ942 UT WOS:000073269200002 PM 9538024 ER PT J AU Wraight, SP Carruthers, RI Bradley, CA Jaronski, ST Lacey, LA Wood, P Galaini-Wraight, S AF Wraight, SP Carruthers, RI Bradley, CA Jaronski, ST Lacey, LA Wood, P Galaini-Wraight, S TI Pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces spp. and Beauveria bassiana against the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Paecilomyces farinosus; conidia; pathogenicity of; whitefly; Bemisia argentifolii; nymphs; biosassay; biological control ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; ALEYRODIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Pathogenicities of three species of entomopathogenic fungi against preimaginal Bemisia argentifolii were measured and compared. Third-instar nymphs on excised leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were exposed to spray applications of 14 isolates of Beauveria bassiana, 22 isolates of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, and five isolates of Paecilomyces farinosus. B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus isolates of diverse origins were highly pathogenic to the whitefly nymphs; median lethal doses of 14 of the 22 P. fumosoroseus and four of the 13 B. bassiana isolates ranged between 50 and 150 conidia/mm(2). Five isolates of P. farinosus were also pathogenic; however, LC(50)s were relatively high, ranging between 350 and 4000 conidia/mm(2). Nymphs infected with all but one isolate of B. bassiana displayed a pronounced red pigmentation. Postmortem hyphal growth and sporulation of B. bassiana was relatively slow and usually confined to the region immediately surrounding the dead host. Whitefly nymphs patently infected with P. fumosoroseus and P. farinosus were lightly pigmented yellow or orange. Postmortem hyphal growth and sporulation of P. fumosoroseus rapidly covered the dead host and extended several millimeters onto the surrounding leaf surface. The results indicate that highly virulent strains of P. fumosoroseus and B. bassiana with considerable whitefly control potential are widespread and numerous. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA, Natl Program Staff, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Mycotech Corp, Butte, MT 59702 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. RP Wraight, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 31 TC 95 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 71 IS 3 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1006/jipa.1997.4734 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ZJ942 UT WOS:000073269200004 PM 9538026 ER PT J AU Becnel, JJ Andreadis, TG AF Becnel, JJ Andreadis, TG TI Amblyospora salinaria n. sp. (Microsporidia : Amblyosporidae), parasite of Culex salinarius (Diptera : Culicidae): Its life cycle stages in an intermediate host SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyospora salinaria n. sp.; Microsporidia; Cuter salinarius; mosquito; Macrocyclops albidus; copepoda; taxonomy; ultrastructure; host specificity ID TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITO; MEIOSIS; SPECIFICITY AB Horizontal transmission testing with an Amblyospora species from the mosquito Culex salinarius has documented the involvement of a copepod intermediate host. Meiospores (one type of uninucleate spore) of the Amblyospora sp. were infectious per os to female Macrocyclops albidus adults. All developmental stages in the copepod had unpaired nuclei (were haplophasic), starting with the sporoplasms from the meiospore, continuing as a succession of schizonts undergoing binary division and ending with sporulation, producing a second type of uninucleate spore. These spores, formed in the ovaries of M. albidus, were lanceolate, slightly curved and measured 13.23 x 3.85 mu m. They infected C. salinarius larvae, both male and female, when ingested. In addition, cross-infectivity testing was conducted and demonstrated that while A. californica from C. tarsalis will infect C. salinarius, it does not complete its life cycle in this host. Based on these findings, we conclude that Amblyospora sp. from Cuter salinarius is a distinct species and assign it the name Amblyospora salinaria n. sp. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Becnel, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 71 IS 3 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1006/jipa.1998.4729 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ZJ942 UT WOS:000073269200009 PM 9538031 ER PT J AU Smith, RA Barry, JW AF Smith, RA Barry, JW TI Environmental persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis spores following aerial application SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; persistence; environment; spore; aerial spraying; gypsy moth ID VAR KURSTAKI; SOIL; FIELD AB Soil and leaf populations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were monitored following aerial application of commercial Bt formulations at the rate of 72 billion international units per acre per year during a 5-year period. Data from soil sample spore counts suggested that Bt spores persisted in Wasatch forest soils for up to 2 years but they did not proliferate. Bt isolates were recovered from leaf samples 12 months post application from sprayed, previously sprayed and from nonsprayed areas. The frequency and diversity of Bt isolates recovered from leaves was independent of sample area spray history. In accordance with U.S. Forest Service criteria, aerial application of Bt during a B-year period resulted in the eradication of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, L) from the Wasatch Front region of the Wasatch Mountain Range, Utah. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Abbott Labs, Chem & Agr Prod Div, Long Grove, IL 60047 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Serv Hlth Protect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Smith, RA (reprint author), Abbott Labs, Chem & Agr Prod Div, 6131 Oakwood Rd, Long Grove, IL 60047 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 71 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1006/jipa.1997.4738 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ZJ942 UT WOS:000073269200010 PM 9538032 ER PT J AU Jones, PJH Ausman, LM Croll, DH Feng, JY Schaefer, EA Lichtenstein, AH AF Jones, PJH Ausman, LM Croll, DH Feng, JY Schaefer, EA Lichtenstein, AH TI Validation of deuterium incorporation against sterol balance for measurement of human cholesterol biosynthesis SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; biosynthesis; deuterium; sterol balance; diet fat; human; polyunsaturated fat; saturated fat; trans fatty acid ID HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HUMAN-PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS; URINARY MEVALONIC ACID; DIETARY-FAT QUALITY; HMG-COA REDUCTASE; DEUTERATED WATER; SYNTHESIS RATES; WHOLE-BODY; BILE-ACIDS AB To examine the validity of the deuterium (D) incorporation technique for measurement of human cholesterol synthesis rates, D uptake from D(2)O into cholesterol was compared to sterol balance in 13 subjects each under three controlled diet settings. Subjects (age 62 +/- 3.6 yr, body weight 74 +/- 4.0 kg, BMI 27 +/- 1.4) consumed weight maintenance diets enriched in either corn oil, beef tallow or stick corn oil margarine over a 5-week period. During the final week of the study period, subjects were given 1.2 g/D(2)O per kg body water. D enrichment was measured in plasma water and total cholesterol over 24 h., Also, during the final week, dietary intake and fecal elimination rates of cholesterol were assessed over one 6-day period to calculate sterol balance. There was no significant difference (t = 0.858, P = 0.397) between D incorporation into cholesterol (1,183 +/- 92 mg/day) and sterol balance (1,316 +/- 125 mg/day). Among diets, net cholesterol biosynthesis measured by D incorporation agreed (r = 0.745, P = 0.0001) with values derived from sterol balance. The degree of association between methods was not influenced by the wide range of fatty acid composition of the diet fat.ir These data demonstrate the utility of the simple, non-restrictive deuterium incorporation method as a reliable means of determining cholesterol biosynthesis in free-living humans. C1 McGill Univ, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Regis Coll, Weston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Jones, PJH (reprint author), McGill Univ, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. OI Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846 NR 49 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1117 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ZM678 UT WOS:000073564900021 PM 9610780 ER PT J AU Bowyer, RT Kie, JG Van Ballenberghe, V AF Bowyer, RT Kie, JG Van Ballenberghe, V TI Habitat selection by neonatal black-tailed deer: Climate, forage, or risk of predation? SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; black-tailed deer; habitat selection; neonates; climate; forage; predation; hider-follower behavior; California ID SOUTHERN MULE DEER; BIGHORN SHEEP; DALLS SHEEP; PARTURITION; BEHAVIOR; CARIBOU; MOOSE; CONSTRAINTS; POPULATION; AVOIDANCE AB We studied habitat selection by neonatal (2-10 days old) black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) on Big Flat, Trinity Co., California, during June-August, 1992-1993. Even deer 2-3 days old frequently followed their mothers and occurred in social groups with other adult deer. Neonates used south-facing slopes with gentle terrain and high variability in overstory and concealment cover more often than expected from availability of those habitat variables. Young deer also selected sites with more herbaceous vegetation but avoided areas with more browse. Forage was more digestible at sites with neonates than at random sites, but no difference occurred in nitrogen content of forage between those sites. Variables identified as important components of habitat for young deer more Likely were related to the thermal environment of the neonate and nutritional demands of lactating females than to risk of predation. Alternatively, variation in concealment cover may have been related to predation risk, resulting in a positive relationship between forage availability and risk predation. Minimizing the predation:forage ratio was not a viable model for explaining habitat selection in neonates. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bowyer, RT (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 72 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 28 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 79 IS 2 BP 415 EP 425 DI 10.2307/1382972 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ZP664 UT WOS:000073776100004 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Nolte, DL Engeman, RM Johnston, JJ Stermitz, FR AF Kimball, BA Nolte, DL Engeman, RM Johnston, JJ Stermitz, FR TI Chemically mediated foraging preference of black bears (Ursus americanus) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Ursus americanus; black bear; Pseudotsuga menziesii; chemical cues; foraging behaviour; vascular tissue ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; BROWSING MAMMALS; WOODY-PLANTS; MULE DEER; MONOTERPENOIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HERBIVORES; SUCROSE; TREES; RATS AB The role of chemical constituents in the foraging behavior of black bears (Ursus americanus) was investigated using two field studies. Vascular tissue samples were collected from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees recently foraged by black bears. Samples were extracted and analyzed by liquid and gas chromatography to determine carbohydrates and terpenes, respectively. Chemical data were subjected to correlation analyses and multiple regression to examine if they adequately describe observed foraging preferences. Free-ranging black bears also were offered a choice of four test diets that differed in content of carbohydrates and terpenes. Results indicated that forage preferences were based in part on chemical constituents in the forage. Black bears maximized intake of carbohydrates and minimized intake of terpenes. In multiple choice tests, free-ranging bears preferred a low-terpene diet to a high-terpene diet with identical carbohydrate content. Bears also preferred a high-carbohydrate diet to a low-carbohydrate diet with identical terpene content. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 3350 Eastbrook Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 79 IS 2 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.2307/1382975 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ZP664 UT WOS:000073776100007 ER PT J AU Posey, KH Barnard, DR Schreck, CE AF Posey, KH Barnard, DR Schreck, CE TI Triple cage olfactometer for evaluating mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) attraction responses SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquito; olfactometer; attractants; behavior AB A triple cage olfactometer for evaluating mosquito attraction responses is described. The olfactometer is designed for easy access for interior cleaning, has a mechanism that allows synchronous operation of the port doors on each cage, and requires 0.8 m(2) of floor space. it is constructed of clear acrylic, contains 3 test chambers in a tiered configuration, was paired removable sleeves and mosquito traps on each cage, and is equipped with a altered external air supply system that has temperature and relative humidity control. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Posey, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 7 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3 BP 330 EP 334 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZP647 UT WOS:000073774400023 PM 9615555 ER PT J AU Barnard, DR AF Barnard, DR TI Mediation of deet repellency in mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) by species, age, and parity SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Anopheles albimanus; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; laboratory bioassay; deet; repellent ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS AB Laboratory bioassays assessed differences in the protection time provided Ly the repellent deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against 5-d-old nulliparous and 10-, 15-, and 20-d-old nulliparous and parous female Aedes aegypti (L.),Anopheles albimanus (Weidemann), and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say sensu lato. Mean protection time was shortest against An. albimanus (1.6 h) and An. quadrimaculatus (1.5 h) and longest against Ac. aegypti (6.5 h), but was not significantly influenced by mosquito age or parity. Mean percentage of biting at repellent failure time was highest in An. albimanus (14.2%), followed by An. quadrimaculatus (7.0%) and Ae. aegypti (2.9%), was higher in parous females (10.8%) than in nulliparous females (5.9%), and was highest overall (35%) in 20-d-old parous An. albimanus. Interaction between mosquito species and parity, and between parity and age factors, respectively, resulted from a significant decrease in percentage of biting by parous An. quadrimaculatus compared with other females, and a significant increase in biting by 20-d-old parous females compared with other females. The main Ending of this study. is that repellent protection time is unaffected by parity; this is important because parous mosquitoes are the primary target of personal-protection measures in disease-endemic,areas. When repellent failure did occur, there was a higher risk of bite by old, parous An. albimanus than for any other species, age, or parity grouping of females. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Barnard, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3 BP 340 EP 343 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZP647 UT WOS:000073774400025 PM 9615557 ER PT J AU Oh, H Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT Dowd, PF AF Oh, H Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT Dowd, PF TI Arenarins A-C: New cytotoxic fungal metabolites from the sclerotia of Aspergillus arenarius SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID P-TERPHENYLS AB Three new terphenyl-type metabolites, arenarins A-C (1-3), have been isolated from the sclerotia of Aspergillus arenarius (NRRL 5012). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of 1-D and 2-D NMR data. Arenarins A-C exhibited mild activity in feeding assays against the dried-fruit beetle Carpophilus hemipterus and cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 61 IS 5 BP 702 EP 705 DI 10.1021/np980001t PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZQ193 UT WOS:000073831800038 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Suttie, JW AF Booth, SL Suttie, JW TI Dietary intake and adequacy of vitamin K SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin K; phylloquinone; prothrombin; menaquinone; eosteocalcin; gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ID HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; HUMAN-NUTRITION; AMERICAN DIET; FOOD SOURCES; PHYLLOQUINONE; MENAQUINONE-4; METABOLISM; TISSUES; RATS; DIHYDRO-VITAMIN-K-1 AB The current daily recommended dietary allowance for vitamin K is 1 mu g/kg. Reliable measurements of vitamin K content in foods are now available, and data from ii studies of vitamin K intake indicate that the mean intake of young adults is similar to 80 mu g phylloquinone/d and that older adults consume similar to 150 mu g/d. The vitamin K concentration in most foods is very low (<10 mu g/100 g), and the majority of the vitamin is obtained from a few leafy green vegetables and four vegetable oils (soybean, cottonseed, canola and olive) that contain high amounts, Limited data indicate that absorption of phylloquinone from a food matrix is poor. Hydrogenated oils also contain appreciable amounts of 2',3'-dihydrophylloquinone of unknown physiological importance. Menaquinones absorbed from the diet or the gut appear to provide only a minor portion of the human daily requirement. Measures of the extent to which plasma prothrombin or serum osteocalcin lack essential gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues formed by vitamin K action, or the urinary excretion of this amino acid, provide more sensitive measures of vitamin K status than measures of plasma phylloquinone or insensitive clotting assays. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Suttie, JW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 47 TC 176 Z9 184 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 128 IS 5 BP 785 EP 788 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZM938 UT WOS:000073591400001 PM 9566982 ER PT J AU Wu, GY Pond, WG Ott, T Bazer, FW AF Wu, GY Pond, WG Ott, T Bazer, FW TI Maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases amino acid concentrations in fetal plasma and allantoic fluid of pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE protein malnutrition; amino acids; pregnancy; fetus; pigs ID NITRIC-OXIDE; GROWTH; PREGNANCY; SWINE; RESTRICTION; HYPERTENSION; ORNITHINE; ARGININE; DISEASE; WEIGHT AB This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases amino acid availability to the fetus, thereby contributing to retarded fetal growth. Primiparous gilts selected genetically for low or high plasma total cholesterol concentrations (low line and high line, respectively) were mated, and then fed 1.8 kg/d of isocaloric diets containing 13% or 0.5% crude protein. At d 40 or 60 of gestation, they were hysterectomized, and maternal and fetal blood samples as well as amniotic and allantoic fluids were obtained for analyses of amino acids, ammonia and urea. Dietary protein restriction decreased (P < 0.05) the following: 1) maternal plasma concentrations of urea at d 40 and 60 of gestation; 2) fetal plasma concentrations of alanine, arginine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), glutamine, glycine, lysine, ornithine, proline, taurine, threonine and urea at d 60 of gestation; 3) amniotic and allantoic fluid concentrations of urea at d 40 and 60 of gestation; and 4) allantoic fluid concentrations of alanine, arginine, BCAA, citrulline, cystine, glycine, histidine, methionine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine and tyrosine at d 40 of gestation, in gilts of both genetic lines. At d 60 of gestation, protein deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) allantoic fluid concentrations of arginine, cystine, glycine, taurine and tyrosine in low line gilts and of cystine, glutamine, ornithine, serine, taurine and tyrosine in high line gilts. Low line and high line gilts also differed remarkably in allantoic fluid concentrations of arginine, glutamine, ornithine and ammonia at d 40 and 60 of gestation. Our results suggest the following: I) protein-deficient gifts maintain maternal plasma concentrations of amino acids by mobilizing maternal protein stores and decreasing oxidation of amino acids during the first half of gestation; 2) protein deficiency may impair placental transport of amino acids from the maternal to the fetal blood; and 3) low line and high line gilts differ in fetal amino acid metabolism. Decreases in concentrations of the essential and nonessential amino acids in the fetus may be a mechanism whereby maternal dietary protein restriction results in fetal growth retardation. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wu, GY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 49 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 128 IS 5 BP 894 EP 902 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZM938 UT WOS:000073591400019 PM 9567000 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH AF Lichtenstein, AH TI Trans fatty acids and blood lipid levels, Lp(a), parameters of cholesterol metabolism, and hemostatic factors SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE trans fatty acids; cis fatty acids; hydrogenation; dietary fat; cholesterol; LDL; HDL; CETP; Lp(a); elaidic acid; oleic acid; margarine ID TRANSFER PROTEIN-ACTIVITY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HYDROGENATED SOYBEAN OIL; SERUM-LIPIDS; PLASMA-LIPIDS; ELAIDIC ACID; HEALTHY-MEN; OLEIC-ACID; FISH-OIL; A-I AB Diets high in trans fatty acids and/or hydrogenated fat have been reported to increase total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, and in some cases decrease high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. More recent evidence supports these observations. The lack of consistency among the data regarding HDL cholesterol levels may be related to differences in the actual level of trans fatty acids consumed or the relative decrease in saturated fat accompanying the dietary modification. The decrease in HDL cholesterol levels, when present, has been related to increased cholesterol ester transferase protein (CETP) activity. Trans fatty acids have been reported to either increase or have no significant effect on lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels, whereas saturated fat has been reported to decrease Lp(a) levels. Available data on the effect of trans fatty acid intake on cholesterol metabolism other than CETP activity are too limited to draw firm conclusions at this time. The effect of trans fatty acids on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation or on a variety of hemostatic factors suggest no adverse effects. On this basis of the data available it appears prudent to recommend restricting both saturated and trans fatty acid intake to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Caution needs to be exerted when communicating this message so as to avoid putting undue emphasis on trans fatty acids at the expense of saturated fatty acids. Instead patients should be encouraged to reduce intakes of both. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1998. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 9 IS 5 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(98)00016-3 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZQ391 UT WOS:000073856500001 ER PT J AU Shen, X Weaver, CM Kempa-Steczko, A Martin, BR Phillippy, BQ Heaney, RP AF Shen, X Weaver, CM Kempa-Steczko, A Martin, BR Phillippy, BQ Heaney, RP TI An inositol phosphate as a calcium absorption enhancer in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE inositol phosphates; dephosphorylation; calcium absorption ID PHYTIC ACID; PHYTATE; BIOAVAILABILITY; SOLUBILITY; PH AB Certain inositol phosphate breakdown compounds have been shown to chelate and increase the solubility of minerals. A rat model using femur uptake of Ca-45 was tested for its ability to screen the Effect of inositol phosphytate breakdown products on enhancing calcium absorption. Phytate was shown to inhibit calcium absorption in a dose-related manner. A significant enhancing effect of 1,2,3,6-tetraphosphate on calcium absorption was found at the highest level studied (P < 0.05), which suggests that this compound may be a candidate for enhancing calcium absorption. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1998. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Weaver, CM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, 1264 Stone Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 EI 1873-4847 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 9 IS 5 BP 298 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(98)00020-5 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZQ391 UT WOS:000073856500008 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Wilson, LT Makela, ME Marchetti, MA Krausz, JP AF Yang, Y Wilson, LT Makela, ME Marchetti, MA Krausz, JP TI Effect of leaf age and nodal position on receptivity of rice leaves to infection by Pyricularia grisea SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; BLAST; CULTIVARS; ORYZAE AB The effect of leaf age and nodal position on leaf receptivity to rice blast, caused by Pyricularia grisea, was studied by inoculating potted Rosemont plants with blast pathogen race IC-17, isolate 92T107, at different growth stages. Regression equations were used to describe the effect of leaf age (degree days > 10 degrees C) and nodal position on lesion density, the relative frequency of lesion appearance, and the lesion area distribution. The number of sporulating lesions per cm(2) of inoculated leaf area was highest for leaves inoculated early in their development and progressively lower for leaves inoculated later in their development. The average lesion density for less than 1-day-old leaves at nodal position 6 was about four rimes the density for 10-day-old leaves of the same nodal position. Lesion density was similar for leaves of less than 1-day-old from the 4th to the 7th nodal position, but dropped sharply from the 7th to the 11th nodal position. The flag leaf was the least susceptible of all nodal positions. The average lesion density for young leaves of about 1-day-old at nodal position 6 was about 27 times the density for young flag leaves of the same age. The incubation period increased with leaf age, but was not obviously affected by leaf nodal position. Lesion area increased linearly with time, but was nor affected by leaf age and nodal position. The results are of use for epidemiological investigations which rely on detailed quantitative leaf susceptibility data for accurate blast forecasts. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 146 IS 4 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1998.tb04673.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZV242 UT WOS:000074284600001 ER PT J AU Ganskopp, D AF Ganskopp, D TI Thurber needlegrass: Seasonal defoliation effects on forage quantity and quality SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Stipa thurberiana Piper; herbage production; grazing; livestock nutrition; regrowth; soil moisture; forage conditioning; rangelands ID WHEATGRASS AB Although Thurber needlegrass (Stipa thurberiana Piper) is an important component of Palouse, sagebrush:steppe, and pine:forest rangelands, little is known of its qualitative and quantitative responses to defoliation. At 14-day intervals one of 7 cohorts of Thurber needlegrass plants was defoliated to a 2.5-cm stubble to describe initial growth rates, determine defoliation effects on subsequent regrowth accumulations, relate regrowth potential to available soil moisture, and determine the nutritional value of initial growth and regrowth for livestock. The study was conducted in 1985 and 1986 with a different group of plants used each year. Although crop-year precipitation for the 1985-86 treatment years was 77 and 111%, respectively, of the long term mean (25.2 cm), growth rates of tussocks were similar between years (P > 0.05). Seasonal yield of regrowth varied between years, however, and was web correlated (r(2) = 0.76 to 0.80 P < 0.05) with soil moisture content when treatments were applied. Among 7 defoliation dates (24 April-17 July) only the first 5 yielded regrowth in 1985, and all produced regrowth in 1986. Among treatments regrowth averaged 22% of total herbage yield in 1985 and 50% of total yield in 1986. In both years total herbage accumulations were most sup pressed (47-63% reduction) by defoliation during the early-boot stage of phenology. In 1985 when conditions were drier, any defoliation before mid-June depressed (P < 0.05) total herbage yield. Crude protein (CP) of needlegrass herbage was high (19-22%) when growth began in April but declined (P < 0.05) to marginal levels for cattle (6.7-7.7%) by mid-July. Regrowth harvested on 31 July ranged from 7 to 9% CP for the earliest (24 April) treatments and as high as 17% for the latest (17 July). Although Thurber needlegrass can produce highly nutritious regrowth for late-season use, managers face diminishing levels of regrowth as the initial cropping date is delayed later into the growing season. Managers contemplating 2-crop grazing regimes for Thurber needlegrass should base scheduling an plant phenology, soil moisture considerations and historic use rather than specific calendar dates. Further work is needed, however, to definitively determine Thurber needlegrass responses to long-term manipulative grazing regimes. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Ganskopp, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, HC-714-51 Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 51 IS 3 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.2307/4003411 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN089 UT WOS:000073608500004 ER PT J AU Pearce, RA Frasier, GW Trlica, MJ Leininger, WC Stednick, JD Smith, JL AF Pearce, RA Frasier, GW Trlica, MJ Leininger, WC Stednick, JD Smith, JL TI Sediment filtration in a montane riparian zone under simulated rainfall SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stubble height; erosion; vegetation filter strip; runoff; nonpoint source pollution ID COVER; RANGELAND; FILTERS; IMPACTS; EROSION; MATTER; CATTLE; GRASS; LAND AB A 2 year study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of riparian vegetation to filter sediment from overland water now. Three vegetation height treatments: clipped to the soil surface, clipped to a 10 cm height, and undisturbed were evaluated in 2 montane riparian vegetation communities (grass and sedge) in northern Colorado. Water was sprayed on 2 macro-plots (3 m x 10 m) and 2 micro-plots (0.6 m x 2 m) simultaneously at a rate of 60 mm hr(-1) with a rotating boom rainfall simulator. Overland now containing sediment was introduced at the upper end of the plots at a rate of 25 mm hr(-1) to simulate runoff and sediment transport from an upland area, Two sediment sources were used, a sandy loam soil and a ground silica sediment (loam). Thirty kg of sediment were added to each macro-plot and id kg of sediment were introduced to each micro-plot (10 Mg ha(-1)). Sediment yields, at the downslope end of the plot, were greater when the finer silica sediment was introduced into overland flow as compared with sediment derived from the sandy loam soil, As expected, the small micro-plots yielded more sediment and were often more sensitive to community and treatment differences than larger plots. We believe this resulted from the shorter travel distance. However, sediment filtration treatment effects were usually similar for both plot sizes. Sediment yields, measured at the outlet of the plots, did not decrease, or increase, as vegetation heights increased. Accurate prediction of sediment filtration from shallow flow in riparian zones required consideration of a combination of vegetation and soil surface characteristics. C1 EnviroCounsel Consulting, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Pearce, RA (reprint author), EnviroCounsel Consulting, POB 5, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 51 IS 3 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.2307/4003416 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN089 UT WOS:000073608500009 ER PT J AU Frasier, GW Trlica, MJ Leininger, WC Pearce, RA Fernald, A AF Frasier, GW Trlica, MJ Leininger, WC Pearce, RA Fernald, A TI Runoff from simulated rainfall in 2 montane riparian communities SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE infiltration; overland flow; stubble height; hydrograph; riparian hydrology; water quality ID VEGETATION AB Riparian ecosystems are the final terrestrial zone before runoff water enters a stream. They provide the last opportunity to decrease non-point source pollution delivery to streams by removing sediments from overland water flow from uplands and roads. To quantify processes of sediment transport, filtration and deposition, it is necessary to determine runoff characteristics for the area. A rotating boom rainfall. simulator was used to evaluate the effects of 3 vegetation height treatments (control, 10-cm stubble height, and clipped to the soil surface) in 2 montane riparian plant communities (grass and sedge) on runoff characteristics. Each rainfall simulation event consisted of 2 phases, a dry run of about 60 min followed by a wet run approximately 30 min later. There were no differences in time to runoff initiation for either dry or wet runs that could be attributed to vegetation height treatments for either plant community. It usually required more time for runoff to be initiated in the sedge community compared to the grass community. Generally, there were lower equilibrium runoff percentages from dry runs in the sedge community compared with the grass community. These differences were less during wet runs. Several runoff parameters had characteristics of runoff from water repellent soils. The organic layer on the soil surface exhibited signs of water repellency that reduced the water infiltration rate during the initial stages of a rainfall simulation. These results indicate that runoff and infiltration processes in the surface organic horizon of riparian zones may not respond in the classical manner. This characteristic has important implications if criteria developed in areas with less organic matter on the soil surface are used to manage overland flow in the zone. Additional studies are needed to fully describe infiltration and runoff processes in riparian plant communities. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resource Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EnviroCounsel Consulting, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Frasier, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resource Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 51 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.2307/4003417 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN089 UT WOS:000073608500010 ER PT J AU Jones, TA AF Jones, TA TI Viewpoint: The present status and future prospects of squirreltail research SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; Elymus elymoides; medusahead wildrye; rangeland fire; Sitanion hystrix ID NEEDLE-AND-THREAD; SITANION-HYSTRIX; ELYMUS-CANADENSIS; TRITICEAE; SAGEBRUSH; NITROGEN; HYBRIDS; GRASSES AB Squirreltail's [Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey = Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J.G. Smith] ready germination, rapid reproductive maturity, capacity for cool-temperature growth, self-pollinated mating system, excellent seed dispersal mechanisms, fire tolerance, and genetic diversity make it a promising candidate for assisting ecological restoration of rangelands dominated by exotic weedy annual grasses such as medusahead wildrye [Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski] and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), Squirreltail is a short-lived perennial and generally early seral in successional status. It comprises a complex of several subspecies whose ecological amplitudes are poorly understood. Wildfire or prescribed burning may provide opportunities for seeding squirreltail or augmenting existing populations. Grazing deferment is important for a successful transition from an annual to a perennial-dominated grassland, Reduction in frequency of annuals may facilitate natural or artificial establishment of desirable mid-or late-seral grasses, forbs, and shrubs. Currently, squirreltail seed supplies originate from wildland harvests, Reduced cost, dependable supply, and improved quality of seed will require development of efficient commercial seed production practices. Experience in restoration may reveal the suitability of squirreltail plant material for assisted succession as well as expose its weaknesses. Such information will allow researchers to improve plant materials and methods for increased future success. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 60 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 51 IS 3 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.2307/4003419 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN089 UT WOS:000073608500012 ER PT J AU Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB Mayeux, HS AF Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB Mayeux, HS TI Environment and seedling age influence mesquite response to epicotyl removal SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll content; cotyledonary leaves; herbivory; Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa; mineral nutrition; CO(2) enrichment ID INCREASING CO2; PLANT; ESTABLISHMENT; ENRICHMENT; PROSOPIS; GROWTH; RATES AB Herbivory by small mammals is a major factor controlling survival of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var, glandulosa) seedlings. Clipping below the cotyledons is lethal; removal of the epicotyl may not be lethal but can severely limit seedling growth. Seedlings of other woody species sometimes compensate for epicotyl removal by prolonging the life of cotyledons. Also, projected future increases in atmospheric CO(2) concentration could influence survival and growth after epicotyl removal. Objectives of this study were to determine effects of epicotyl removal at various seedling ages, atmospheric CO(2) concentrations, and soil fertility, on (1) seedling survival, (2) cotyledonary leaf longevity, and (3) shoot and root growth of young seedlings. Mesquite seedlings were grown at 350, 700, and 1,000 mu L liter(-1) atmospheric CO(2) concentration in nutrient poor and nutrient rich soils. All ages of seedlings survived epicotyl removal. Cotyledonary leaf fresh mass and chlorophyll content were higher in plants where epicotyls were clipped. Root and shoot mass of both clipped and unclipped plants generally increased at higher CO(2) concentrations when mineral nutrition was adequate, but responded less to CO(2) when soil fertility was low. Responses to epicotyl clipping in mesquite seedlings are complex, being strongly influenced by soil fertility, atmospheric CO(2) concentration, seedling age at clipping, and interactions between these factors. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tischler, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 51 IS 3 BP 361 EP 365 DI 10.2307/4003423 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN089 UT WOS:000073608500016 ER PT J AU Nord, M AF Nord, M TI Poor people on the move: County-to-county migration and the spatial concentration of poverty SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southern-Regional-Science-Association CY APR, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP S Region Sci Assoc AB Poverty rates in high-poverty and low-poverty rural counties, and, thus, the spatial concentration of poverty, are affected by poverty-specific differences in in-migration and out-migration patterns. These patterns are investigated using 1985-90 county-to-county migration data from the decennial census. Effects on poverty rates of four migration flows (in-and out-migration of poor, in-and out-migration of nonpoor) are quantified, and their impacts on spatial concentration of poverty are assessed. The effect of selected county characteristics on the migration of the poor and nonpoor in nonmetro counties are estimated. The poor are as mobile as the nonpoor, and the migration patterns of both poor and nonpoor generally maintain and reinforce the pre-existing spatial concentration of poverty. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Nord, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 329 EP 351 DI 10.1111/1467-9787.00095 PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA ZK986 UT WOS:000073387500008 PM 12294267 ER PT J AU Subar, AF Krebs-Smith, SM Cook, A Kahle, LL AF Subar, AF Krebs-Smith, SM Cook, A Kahle, LL TI Dietary sources of nutrients among US adults, 1989 to 1991 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES POPULATION; NHANES-II SURVEY; FOOD SOURCES; QUANTITATIVE DATA; AMERICAN DIET; FIBER; MACRONUTRIENTS; WOMEN AB Objective To identify major food sources of 27 nutrients and dietary constituents for US adults. Design Single 24-hour dietary recalls were used to assess intakes. From 3,970 individual foods reported, 112 groups were created on the basis of similarities in nutrient content or use. Food mixtures were disaggregated using the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) food grouping system. Subjects/setting A nationally representative sample of adults aged 19 years or older (n=10,638) from USDA's 1989-91 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Analyses performed For each of 27 dietary components, the contribution of each food group to intake was obtained by summing the amount provided by the food group for all respondents and dividing by total intake from all food groups for all respondents. Results This article updates previous work and is, to the authors' knowledge, the first to provide such data for carotenes, vitamin B-12, magnesium, and copper. Beef, yeast bread, poultry, cheese, and milk were among the top 10 sources of energy, fat, and protein. The following other major sources also contributed more than 2% to energy intakes: carbohydrate: yeast bread, soft drinks/soda, cakes/cookies/quick breads/doughnuts, sugars/syrups/jams, potatoes (white), ready-to-eat cereal, and pasta; protein: pasta; and fat: margarine, salad dressings/mayonnaise, and cakes/cookies/quick breads/doughnuts. Ready-to-eat cereals, primarily because of fortification, were among the top 10 food sources for 18 of 27 nutrients. Applications/conclusions These analyses are the most current regarding food sources of nutrients and, because of disaggregation of mixtures, provide a truer picture of contributions of each food group. C1 NCI, Appl Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Riverdale, MD USA. Informat Management Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Subar, AF (reprint author), NCI, Appl Res Branch, 6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7344,EPN 313, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 18 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 98 IS 5 BP 537 EP 547 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00122-9 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZL506 UT WOS:000073440300011 PM 9597026 ER PT J AU Almonor, GO Fenner, GP Wilson, RF AF Almonor, GO Fenner, GP Wilson, RF TI Temperature effects on tocopherol composition in soybeans with genetically improved oil quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE environmental variation; genetics; Glycine max L. Merr.; linoleic acid; oil quality; alpha-tocopherol; gamma-tocopherol; tocopherol composition ID ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ACID; SEEDS AB Tocopherol, a natural antioxidant, typically accounts for a smalt percentage of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) oil. Alleles that govern the expression of polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean germplasm are influenced by temperature. However, little is known about the environmental influences on tocopherol expression. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of temperature on tocopherol composition in soybean germplasm that exhibit homozygous recessive and dominant alleles that govern the predominant omega-6 and omega-3 desaturases. The control cv. Dare and three low-18:3 genotypes (N78-2245, PI-123440, N85-2176) were grown under controlled-temperature environments during reproductive growth. Analysis of crude oil composition at various stages of seed development revealed a strong negative correlation between total tocopherol content and growth temperature. The relative strength of this correlation was greater in the germplasm that exhibited homozygous alleles governing the omega-6 desaturase than those governing the omega-3 desaturase. The decline: in total tocopherol with reduced temperature was attributed predominantly to loss of gamma-tocopherol However, gamma-tocopherol concentration also was directly related to 18:3 concentration in all genotypes. Thus, low-18:3 oils contained both a lower content and a lower concentration of gamma-tocopherol. Although the biochemical basis for this observation is unknown, the antioxidant capacity df gamma-tocopherol appeared to be directly associated with changes in oil quality that were mediated more by genetic than by environmental influences on 18:3 concentration. Another aspect of this work showed that low-18:3 soybean varieties should be expected to contain more a-tocopherol, especially when grown under normal commercial production environments. This condition should be regarded as another beneficial aspect of plant breeding-approaches to the improvement of soybean oil quality. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fenner, GP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, 4104 Williams Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 75 IS 5 BP 591 EP 596 DI 10.1007/s11746-998-0070-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN679 UT WOS:000073670800007 ER PT J AU Foglia, TA Sonnet, PE Nunez, A Dudley, RL AF Foglia, TA Sonnet, PE Nunez, A Dudley, RL TI Selective oxidations of methyl ricinoleate: Diastereoselective epoxidation with titanium(IV) catalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 88th Annual Meeting of American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY MAY, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc DE dioxirane; epoxide; epoxyhydroxy ester; furan; phase-transfer catalyst; t-butyl hydroperoxide; titanium ID DIPOLAR TRANSITION-STATE; ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION; ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS; FATTY-ACIDS; DIMETHYLDIOXIRANE; ALKENES; OLEFINS AB Conditions were developed for the selective epoxidation of the double bond of methyl ricinoleate (1) with ethylmethyldioxirane (EMDO) to give the homoallylic epoxyalcohol, methyl (Z)-9,10-oxido-12-hydroxyoctadecanoate (2) in high yields but in poor enantiomeric excess. The diastereomeric ratio for epoxyalcohol 2 was improved modestly when t-butylhydroperoxide, coupled with a titanium catalyst and a D-tartrate ligand, was used as oxidizing agent. Reaction of 1 with excess EMDO resulted in the concomitant epoxidation of the double bond and oxidation of the hydroxy group of 1 to give methyl (Z)-9,10-oxido-12-oxo-octadecanoate (4), along with methyl 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoate (5). Alternatively, ketoepoxide 4 was prepared by dioxirane oxidation of methyl 12-oxo-(Z)-9-octadecene (3) or by treating epoxyalcohol 2 with sodium hypochlorite. The ketoepoxide 4 is acid-labile and rearranges with loss of water to give furan 5 in high yield. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Foglia, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tfoglia@arserrc.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 75 IS 5 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1007/s11746-998-0072-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN679 UT WOS:000073670800009 ER PT J AU Kuk, MS Dowd, MK AF Kuk, MS Dowd, MK TI Supercritical CO2 extraction of rice bran SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; edible oil extraction; free fatty acid; plant sterol; rice bran oil; supercritical fluid ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; OIL AB Extraction of rice bran lipids with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was performed. To investigate the pressure effect on extraction yield, two isobaric conditions, 7000 and 9000 psi, were selected. A Soxhlet extraction with hexane (modified AOCS method Aa 4-38; 4 h at 69 degrees C) was also conducted and used as the comparison basis. Rice bran with a moisture content of 6%, 90% passable through a sieve with 0.297 mm opening, was used for extraction. A maximum rice bran oil (RBO) yield of 20.5%, which represents 99+% lipid recovery, was obtained with hexane. RBO yield with SC-CO2 ranged between 19.2 and 20.4%. RBO yield increased with temperature at isobaric conditions. At the 80 degrees C isotherm, an increase in RBO yield was obtained with an increase in pressure. The pressure effect may be attributed to the increase in SC-CO2 density, which is closely related to the value of the Hildebrand solubility parameter. RBO extracted with SC-CO2 had a far superior color quality when compared with hexane-extracted RBO. The level of sterols in SC-CO2-extracted RBO increased with pressure and temperature. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Kuk, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM mskuk@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 14 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 75 IS 5 BP 623 EP 628 DI 10.1007/s11746-998-0075-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZN679 UT WOS:000073670800012 ER PT J AU Forsline, PL Towill, LE Waddell, JW Stushnoff, C Lamboy, WF McFerson, JR AF Forsline, PL Towill, LE Waddell, JW Stushnoff, C Lamboy, WF McFerson, JR TI Recovery and longevity of cryopreserved dormant apple buds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus; liquid nitrogen; genetic resources; germplasm; genebank; cryogenic; grafting ID LIQUID-NITROGEN; SHOOT-TIPS; GENETIC-RESOURCES; VEGETATIVE BUDS; VITRIFICATION; DEHYDRATION; INVITRO; WATER; SINENSIS; EMBRYOS AB Clonally propagated crops, unlike seed-propagated crops, require intense and costly maintenance, generally in ex situ field gene banks. Consequently, large germplasm collections of tree species especially, are difficult to conserve in a well-replicated fashion and are vulnerable to damage from environmental stresses. Accordingly, long-term storage in liquid nitrogen presents a viable conservation alternative. To assess effectiveness of one approach to cryopreservation, dormant buds from 64 apple (Malus x domestica Borkh. and other Malus spp.) accessions were collected and preserved in liquid nitrogen using a dormant-vegetative-bud method. Buds were retrieved from liquid nitrogen storage, rehydrated, and grafted onto rootstocks to determine survival. Mean recovery was 76% for 40 cold-hardy accessions, 66% for 20 moderately cold-hardy accessions, and 24 % for four cold-tender accessions (range: 16% to 100 %). Only four accessions had less than or equal to 25% recovery while 54 accessions had less than or equal to 50% recovery and 35 accessions had less than or equal to 75% recovery. No significant decline in recovery of these accessions by bud grafting occurred after 4 years of liquid nitrogen storage. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Forsline, PL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM plfl@cornell.edu NR 37 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 3 BP 365 EP 370 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL303 UT WOS:000073419100005 ER PT J AU Zwack, JA Graves, WR Townsend, AM AF Zwack, JA Graves, WR Townsend, AM TI Leaf water relations and plant development of three Freeman maple cultivars subjected to drought SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Acer xfreemanii; water stress; osmotic adjustment; woody landscape plants ID ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE; STRESS; SEEDLINGS; SITES; TREES AB Little is known about drought stress resistance of Freeman maples (Acer x freemanii E. Murray), which are hybrids of red maples (A. rubrum L.) and silver maples (A. saccharinum L.). The objective of our study was to measure plant growth and leaf water relations of 'D.T.R. 102' (Autumn Fantasy),'Celzam' (Celebration), and 'Marmo' Freeman maples subjected to drought. Plants grown from rooted cuttings were subjected to four consecutive cycles of water deficit followed by irrigation to container capacity. Average stomatal conductance at container capacity for all cultivars was 255 mmol.s(-1).m(-2) in the first drought cycle and 43 mmol.s(-1).m(-2) during the fourth drought cycle. Predawn and midmorning leaf water potentials of droughted plants at the end of the fourth drought cycle were 1.16 and 0.82 MPa more negative than respective values for control plants. Osmotic potential of leaves at full turgor was -1.05 MPa for controls and -1.29 MPa for droughted plants, indicating an osmotic adjustment of 0.24 MPa. Root and shoot dry mass and leaf area were reduced similarly by drought for all cultivars, while Celebration exhibited the least stem elongation. 'Marmo' treated with drought had the lowest root-to-shoot ratio and the greatest ratio of leaf surface area to root dry mass. Autumn Fantasy had the lowest ratio of leaf area to stem xylem diameter. Specific leaf mass of drought-stressed Autumn Fantasy was 1.89 mg.cm(-2) greater than that of corresponding controls, whereas specific masses of Celebration and 'Marmo' leaves were not affected by drought. Leaf thickness was similar among cultivars, but leaves of droughted plants were 9.6 mu m thicker than leaves of controls. This initial characterization of responses to drought illustrates variation among Freeman maples and suggests that breeding and selection programs might produce superior genotypes for water-deficient sites in the landscape. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Zwack, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 3 BP 371 EP 375 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL303 UT WOS:000073419100006 ER PT J AU Wehner, TC Liu, JS Staub, JE AF Wehner, TC Liu, JS Staub, JE TI Two-gene interaction and linkage for bitterfree foliage in cucumber SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; vegetable breeding; qualitative genetics; fruit quality AB A second gene for bitterfree foliage in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was discovered. In a cross between two inbred lines having bitterfree foliage (NCG-093 and WI 2757), the F-1 progeny were bitter, the F-2 progeny segregation frequency fit a ratio of 9 bitter : 7 bitterfree, and the BC1 segregation frequencies fit a ratio of I bitter : 1 bitterfree. Thus, a second factor nonallelic to the previous bitterfree gene, bi, controls the bitterfree trait. When F-2 and BC1 progeny resulting from crosses of bitterfree NCG-093 with other bitter lines were studied, the second factor for bitterfree in NCG-093 fit a recessive, single-gene model. The existence of a second, recessive bitterfree gene was confirmed in additional crosses, and the gene was designated bi-2. Further analysis of two crosses indicated that bi-2 was linked with the short petiole (sp) gene (map distance = 11 cM). C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wehner, TC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 3 BP 401 EP 403 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL303 UT WOS:000073419100011 ER PT J AU Simon, PW Strandberg, JO AF Simon, PW Strandberg, JO TI Diallel analysis of resistance in carrot to Alternaria leaf blight SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; Alternaria dauci ID HERITABILITY AB Diverse carrot (Daucus carota L.) inbreds were evaluated as young plants in the greenhouse and mature plants in the field for resistance to the pathogen Alternaria dauci (Kuhn) Groves and Skolko. Persistence of leaves after infection was the criterion used to estimate disease damage by the pathogen. Partial resistance was identified. A five-parent diallel evaluated for resistance indicated a preponderance of additive variation with some dominant gene action for resistance. Reciprocal cross differences were significant for certain crosses, Responses of most inbreds were useful in predicting resistance in their hybrids, but exceptions to this trend did occur. Field resistance ratings generally correlated well with resistance ratings obtained in greenhouses, even in grower fields where fungicides were applied. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Florida, Cent Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 3 BP 412 EP 415 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL303 UT WOS:000073419100014 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK AF Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK TI Responses of apples to postharvest jasmonate treatments SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE color; degreening; ethephon; ethylene; jasmonic acid; Malus xdomestica; methyl jasmonate; yellowing ID METHYL JASMONATE; CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION; SENESCENCE; ETHYLENE; ACID; TOMATOES AB The effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) and jasmonic acid (JA) compared with the effect of ethephon on surface color and quality of 'Golden Delicious' and 'Fuji' apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.) was studied. Treatments were applied by dipping fruit in water solutions of JA, MJ, or ethephon or by exposing fruit to MJ vapors. Response to MJ vapor treatment depended on fruit developmental stage, with the maximum effect occurring as fruit began to produce ethylene. MJ promoted color changes more effectively than JA. The promotive effect of JA increased with JA concentration. A minimum concentration of 0.1 mmol.L-1 JA was needed to promote significant color change within 15 d at 20 degrees C. JA at 1 or 10 mmol.L-1 promoted color change more effectively than 0.35 or 3.5 mmol.L-1 ethephon. The magnitude of JA-promoted responses decreased at lower temperatures. Treatments with 10 mmol.L-1 JA or 3.5 mmol.L-1 ethephon were phytotoxic. Treatments using JA at 1 or 10 mmol.L-1 in water promoted loss of fruit titratable acidity compared to controls. Firmness and soluble solids content were relatively unresponsive to JA treatments. Based on these results, using JA and MJ to promote degreening of apple fruit with minimal loss of other quality attributes appears feasible. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 3 BP 421 EP 425 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL303 UT WOS:000073419100016 ER PT J AU Mattheis, JP Buchanan, DA Fellman, JK AF Mattheis, JP Buchanan, DA Fellman, JK TI Volatile compounds emitted by 'Gala' apples following dynamic atmosphere storage SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus xdomestica; esters; fruit quality; 1-methoxy-(2-propenyl) benzene; ethylene ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; ODOR-ACTIVE VOLATILES; AROMA COMPOUNDS; HARVEST DATE; FRUIT; ETHYLENE; METABOLISM; ALCOHOLS; QUALITY; ESTERS AB Fruit quality and volatile compounds produced by apple fruit (Malus x domestica Borkh. 'Gala') were characterized following regular atmosphere (RA) or controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 1 OC. Static CA conditions were 1, 1.9, 2.8, or 3.7 kPa O-2 Fruit stored under dynamic CA conditions were exposed to ambient air 1, 2, or 3 days per week for 8 hours then returned to 1 kPa O-2, All CA treatments included 2 kPa CO2. Ethylene production was reduced following CA storage plus 1 day at 20 degrees C compared with apples stored in IA, Apples stored in static 1 kPa O-2 and the dynamic treatments had lower ethylene production compared with apples stored in 1.9 to 3.7 kPa O-2 after 90 and 120 days. Ethylene production by apples from all CA treatments recovered during a 7-day poststorage ripening period at 20 degrees C. Ester production was reduced following CA at 1 kPa O-2 after 60 days compared with RA-stored fruit. Production of butyl acetate by apples stored in 1 kPa O-2 static CA was 29%, 30%, and 7% of that produced by RA-stored fruit after 60, 90, and 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20 degrees C, Amounts of 2-methylbutyl acetate were not affected by CA storage, however, production of other 2-methylbutyrate esters was reduced following 1 kPa O-2 storage. Ester production increased with O-2 concentration after 90 days in storage. The dynamic treatments resulted in greater ester emission after 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20 degrees C compared with apples stored in static 1 kPa O-2. Production of 1-methoxy-(2-propenyl) benzene by apples subjected to dynamic treatments was also higher after 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20 degrees C compared with apples stored in RA or static CA. No differences in firmness, titratable acidity or soluble solids content were observed between apples stored in 1 kPa O-2 and the dynamic treatments. Firmness and titratable acidity were maintained better by dynamic treatments compared with static atmospheres containing >1 kPa O-2. C1 USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 42 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 3 BP 426 EP 432 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL303 UT WOS:000073419100017 ER PT J AU McDonald, RE McCollum, TG Baldwin, EA AF McDonald, RE McCollum, TG Baldwin, EA TI Heat treatment of mature-green tomatoes: Differential effects of ethylene and partial ripening SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; postharvest; chilling injury; quality; flavor volatiles; lipids ID FRUIT; TEMPERATURES; VOLATILES; STEROLS AB Mature-green 'Sunbeam' tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were treated in varying order with C2H4, 42 degrees C water for 1 hour, 38 degrees C air for 2 days, held 2 days at 20 degrees C (partial ripening), or not treated and then stored at 2 degrees C (chilled) for 14 days before ripening at 20 degrees C. Heat-treated fruit stored at 2 degrees C and transferred to 20 degrees C ripened normally, while 63% of nonheated fruit decayed before reaching the red-ripe stage. Partially ripened fruit developed more chilling injury, were firmer, were lighter, and were less red in color than fruit not partially ripened. Lycopene content and internal quality characteristics of fruit were similar at the red-ripe stage irrespective of sequence of C2H4 exposure, heat treatment, or a partial ripening period. Of the 15 flavor volatiles analyzed, 10 were reduced by storage at 2 degrees C. Exposure to C2H4 before the air heat treatment reduced the levels of four volatiles, while C2H4 application either before or after the water heat treatment had no effect on flavor volatiles. Two volatiles were decreased and two were increased by partial ripening. Storage at 2 degrees C decreased the level of cholesterol and increased levels of campesterol and isofucosterol in the free sterol pool. Exposure to C2H4 before or following heat treatments, the method of heat treatment, and partial ripening had little effect on free sterols, steryl esters, steryl glycosides, or acylated steryl glycosides in the pericarp of red-ripe fruit. A short- or long-term heat treatment of mature-green tomatoes could permit storage at low temperatures with little loss in their ability to ripen normally, whereas partial ripening did not reduce chilling injury. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. ARS, USDA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. RP McDonald, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2120 Camden Rd, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 3 BP 457 EP 462 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL303 UT WOS:000073419100021 ER PT J AU Henson, KL Alleman, AR Cutler, TJ Ginn, PE Kelley, LC AF Henson, KL Alleman, AR Cutler, TJ Ginn, PE Kelley, LC TI Regression of subcutaneous lymphoma following removal of an ovarian granulosa-theca cell tumor in a horse SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE equine species; granulosa-theca cells; neoplasia; ovary; reproduction ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; BINDING-SITES; BREAST-CANCER; C-MYC; EXPRESSION; LEUKEMIA; ANDROGEN; LINES; SEX; RAT AB Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumor of horses, with the subcutaneous form developing fairly often. Subcutaneous lymphoma in horses is often T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma. In horses, subcutaneous lymphomas often have a waxing and waning nature that may be related to cyclic changes in serum steroid hormone concentrations. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Alleman, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 212 IS 9 BP 1419 EP + PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZL306 UT WOS:000073419400035 PM 9589129 ER PT J AU Neff, S Sa-Carvalho, D Rieder, E Mason, PW Blystone, SD Brown, EJ Baxt, B AF Neff, S Sa-Carvalho, D Rieder, E Mason, PW Blystone, SD Brown, EJ Baxt, B TI Foot-and-mouth disease virus virulent for cattle utilizes the integrin alpha(V)beta(3) as its receptor SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECAY-ACCELERATING FACTOR; CELL-ADHESION RECEPTORS; GLYCINE-ASPARTIC ACID; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; HEPARAN-SULFATE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VITRO; ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS; VITRONECTIN RECEPTOR; RHINOVIRUS RECEPTOR AB Adsorption and plaque formation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A(12) are inhibited by antibodies to the integrin (alpha(v) beta(3) (A. Berinstein et al., J. Virol. 69:2664-2666, 1995). A human cell line, K562, which does not normally express alpha(v) beta(3) cannot replicate this serotype unless cells are transfected with cDNAs encoding this integrin (K562-alpha(v) beta(3) cells). In contrast, we found that a tissue culture-propagated FMDV, type O(1)BFS, was able to replicate in nontransfected K562 cells, and replication was not inhibited by antibodies to the endogenously expressed integrin alpha(5) beta(1). A recent report indicating that cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) was required for efficient infection of type O(1) (T. Jackson et al., J. Virol. 70:5282-5287, 1996) led us to examine the role of HS and alpha(v) beta(3) in FMDV infection, We transfected normal CHO cells, which express HS but not alpha(v) beta(3), and two HS-deficient CHO cell lines with cDNAs encoding human alpha(v) beta(3), producing a panel of cells that expressed one or both receptors. In these cells, type A(12) replication was dependent on expression of alpha(v) beta(3), whereas type O(1)BFS replicated to high titer in normal CHO cells but could not replicate in HS-deficient cells even when they expressed alpha(v) beta(3). We have also analyzed two genetically engineered variants of type O(1) Campos, VCRM4, which has greatly reduced virulence in cattle and can bind to heparin-Sepharose columns, and vCRM8, which is highly virulent in cattle and cannot bind to heparin-Sepharose. vCRM4 replicated in wild-type K562 cells and normal, nontransfected CHO (HS(+) alpha(v) beta(3)-) cells, whereas vCRM8 replicated only in K562 and CHO cells transfected with alpha(v) beta(3) cDNAs. A similar result was also obtained in assays using a vCRM4 virus with an engineered RGD -->KGE mutation. These results indicate that virulent FMDV utilizes the alpha(v) beta(3) integrin as a primary receptor for infection and that adaptation of type O(1) virus to cell culture results in the ability of the virus to utilize HS as a receptor and a concomitant loss of virulence. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Baxt, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM bbaxt@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 91 TC 154 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 72 IS 5 BP 3587 EP 3594 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZH268 UT WOS:000073090100012 PM 9557639 ER PT J AU Brodie, SJ Bardsley, KD Diem, K Mecham, JO Norelius, SE Wilson, WC AF Brodie, SJ Bardsley, KD Diem, K Mecham, JO Norelius, SE Wilson, WC TI Epizootic hemorrhagic disease: Analysis of tissues by amplification and in situ hybridization reveals widespread orbivirus infection at low copy numbers SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BLUETONGUE VIRUS-INFECTION; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; UNITED-STATES; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; IN-VITRO; CELLS; PROTEIN; RNA AB A recent outbreak of hemorrhagic fever in wild ruminants in the northwest United States was characterized by rapid onset of fever, followed shortly thereafter by hemorrhage and death. As a result, a confirmed 1,000 white-tailed deer and pronghorn antelope died over the course of 3 months. Lesions were multisystemic and included severe edema, congestion, acute vascular necrosis, and hemorrhage, Animals that died with clinical signs and/or lesions consistent with hemorrhagic fever had antibody to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (EHDV-2) by radioimmune precipitation but the antibody was limited exclusively to class immunoglobulin M. These findings, indicative of acute infection, were corroborated by the observation that numerous deer were found dead; however, clinically affected deer were rarely seen during the outbreak. Furthermore, only in animals with hemorrhagic lesions was EHDV-2 isolated and/or erythrocyte-associated EHDV-2 RNA detected by serotype-specific reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, By using a novel RT in situ PCR assay, viral nucleic acid was localized to the cytoplasm of large numbers of tissue leukocytes and vascular endothelium in tissues with hemorrhage and to vessels, demonstrating acute intimal and medial necrosis. Because PCR amplification prior to in situ hybridization was essential for detecting EHDV, the virus copy number within individual cells was low, <20 virus copies. These findings suggest that massive covert infection characterized by rapid dissemination of virus facilitates the severe and lethal nature of this disease. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Sundance, WY 82729 USA. RP Brodie, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Vaccine Virol Div, Room T293X, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sjbrodie@u.washington.edu NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 72 IS 5 BP 3863 EP 3871 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZH268 UT WOS:000073090100044 PM 9557671 ER PT J AU Chinsangaram, J Beard, C Mason, PW Zellner, MK Ward, G Grubman, MJ AF Chinsangaram, J Beard, C Mason, PW Zellner, MK Ward, G Grubman, MJ TI Antibody response in mice inoculated with DNA expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINATED CATTLE; HETEROLOGOUS SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION; VP1; MYRISTOYLATION AB Candidate foot and-mouth disease (FMD) DNA vaccines designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid were evaluated. Plasmid DNAs containing a portion of the FMDV genome coding for the capsid precursor protein (P1-2A) and wild-type or mutant viral proteinase 3C (plasmids P12X3C or P12X3C-mut, respectively) were constructed, Cell-free translation reactions programmed with pP12X3C (wild-type 3C) and pP12X3C-mut produced a capsid precursor, but only the reactions programmed with the plasmid encoding the functional proteinase resulted in P1-2A processing and capsid formation. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells also produced viral capsid proteins when transfected with these plasmids. Plasmid P12X3C was administered to mice by intramuscular, intradermal, and epithelial (gene gun) inoculations. Anti-FMD virus (FMDV) antibodies were detected by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) and plaque reduction neutralization assays only in sera of mice inoculated by using a gene gun. When pP12X3C and pP12X3C-mut were inoculated into mice by using a gene gun, both plasmids elicited an antibody response detectable by RIP but only pP12X3C elicited a neutralizing antibody response, These results suggest that capsid formation in situ is required for effective immunization. Expression and stimulation of an immune response was enhanced by addition of an intron sequence upstream of the coding region, while addition of the FMDV internal ribosome entry site or leader proteinase (L) coding region either had no effect or reduced the immune response. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Mason, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM petermas@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 36 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 72 IS 5 BP 4454 EP 4457 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZH268 UT WOS:000073090100113 PM 9557740 ER PT J AU Visser, M Harris, TB Langlois, J Hannan, MT Roubenoff, R Felson, DT Wilson, PWF Kiel, DP AF Visser, M Harris, TB Langlois, J Hannan, MT Roubenoff, R Felson, DT Wilson, PWF Kiel, DP TI Body fat and skeletal muscle mass in relation to physical disability in very old men and women of the Framingham Heart Study SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; NURSING-HOME ADMISSION; ELDERLY PEOPLE; RISK-FACTORS; WEIGHT-LOSS; NHANES-I; STRENGTH; MORTALITY; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTORS AB Background. Low muscle mass has been assumed to be associated with disability, but no studies confirming this association have been published. High body weight and high body mass index, both rough indicators of body fatness, have been shown to increase the risk for disability: however, the specific role of body fatness has not been studied. Methods. The relations of skeletal muscle mass and percent body fat with self-reported physical disability were studied in 753 men and women aged 72 to 95 years. Cross-sectional data from biennial examination 22 (1992-1993) of the Framingham Heart Study were used. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Disability was scored as any versus none on a 9-item questionnaire. Results. Total body and lower extremity muscle mass were not associated with disability in either men or women. However, a strong positive association between percent body fat and disability was observed. The odds ratio for disability in those in the highest tertile of body fatness was 2.69 (95% confidence interval 1.45-5.00) for women and 3.08 (1.22-7.81) for men compared to those in the lowest tertile. The increased risk could not be explained by age, education, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, estrogen use (women only), muscle mass, and health status. Analyses restricting disability to mobility items gave similar results. Conclusions. In contrast to current assumptions, low skeletal muscle mass was not associated with self-reported physical disability. Persons with a high percent body fat had high levels of disability. Because it cannot be ruled out that persons with low skeletal muscle mass dropped out earlier in the study, prospective studies are needed to further assess the relationship between body composition and physical disability. C1 NIA, Epidemiol Demogr & Biometr Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Res & Training Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Arthritis, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Visser, M (reprint author), NIA, Epidemiol Demogr & Biometr Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 47 TC 149 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP M214 EP M221 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA ZM037 UT WOS:000073498400018 PM 9597054 ER PT J AU Peterson, GL Brown, TC AF Peterson, GL Brown, TC TI Economic valuation by the method of paired comparison, with emphasis on evaluation of the transitivity axiom SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID LOSS AVERSION; PUBLIC-GOODS; CHOICE AXIOM; DECISION; SCIENCE; HEALTH; RISK AB The paired comparison (PC) method is rued to investigate reliability, transitivity, and decision time for binary choices among goods and sums of money. The PC method reveals inconsistent choices and yields individual preference order over the set of items being compared. The data reported support the transitivity assumption and demonstrate high reliability for individual preference order. The paper also discusses rising the PC method to obtain conservative median and mean estimates of willingness to accept compensation for public and private goods. The PC method may prove useful for valuing public goods, and warrants further study. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 54 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 74 IS 2 BP 240 EP 261 DI 10.2307/3147054 PG 22 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZW332 UT WOS:000074400000008 ER PT J AU Bergen, SD McGaughey, RJ Fridley, JL AF Bergen, SD McGaughey, RJ Fridley, JL TI Data-driven simulation, dimensional accuracy and realism in a landscape visualization tool SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE landscape simulation; visual quality management; forestry ID FOREST AB Computer-based landscape simulation tools are used for assessing the visual impact of land-use decisions. Many systems rely on the artistic manipulation of two-dimensional scanned photographic or videotape images. The specific manipulation of an image is often not directly driven by data describing the proposed landscape modification. Also, it is difficult to move from a modified two-dimensional image to a three-dimensional real world design. This paper discusses how issues of data-driven simulation and dimensional accuracy are addressed in the Vantage Point landscape visualization tool. We describe features of the tool that contribute to image realism. Pie also propose how a tool with Vantage Point's capabilities would be useful for research in visual quality management and psychophysics. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Forest Management & Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bergen, SD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Forest Management & Engn Div, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 4 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00091-1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZZ923 UT WOS:000074783000004 ER PT J AU Emken, EA Adlof, RO Duval, SM Nelson, GJ AF Emken, EA Adlof, RO Duval, SM Nelson, GJ TI Effect of dietary arachidonic acid on metabolism of deuterated linoleic acid by adult male subjects SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; DESATURATION; LIPIDS; SEPARATION; CELLS; RAT AB The influence of dietary supplementation with 20:4n-6 on uptake and turnover of deuterium-labeled linoleic acid (18:2n-6[d(2)]) in human plasma lipids and the synthesis of desaturated and elongated n-6 fatty acids from 18:2n-6[d(2)] were investigated in six adult male subjects. The subjects were fed either a high-arachidonic acid (HIAA) diet containing 1.7 g/d or a low-AA (LOAA) diet containing 0.21 g/d of AA for 50 d. Each subject was then dosed with about 3.5 g of 18:2n-6[d(2)] as the triglyceride (TG) at 8:00 A.M., 12:00, and 5:00 P.M. The total 18:2n-6[d(2)] fed to each subject was about 10.4 g and is approximately equal to one-half of the daily intake of 18:2n-6 in a typical U.S. male diet. Nine blood samples were drawn over a 96-h period. Methyl esters of plasma total lipid (TL), TC, phospholipid, and cholesterol ester were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Dietary 20:4n-6 supplementation did not affect uptake of 18:2n-6[d(2)] in plasma lipid classes over the 4-d study period nor the estimated half-life of 24-36 h for 18:2n-6[d(2)]. The percentages of major deuterium-labeled desaturation and elongation products in plasma TL, as a percentage of total deuterated fatty acids, were 1.35 and 1.34% 18:3n-6[d(2)]; 0.53 and 0.50% 20:2n-6[d(2)]; 1.80 and 0.92% 20:3n-6[d(2)] and 3.13 and 1.51% 20:4n-6[d(2)] for the LOAA and HIAA diet groups, respectively. Trace amounts (<0.1%) of the 22:4n-6[d(2)] and 22:5n-6[d(2)] metabolites were present. Plasma TL concentration data for both 20:3n-6[d(2)] and 20:4n-6[d(2)] were 48% lower (P < 0.05) in samples from the HIAA diet group than in samples from the LOAA diet group. For a normal adult male consuming a typical U.S. diet, the estimated accumulation in plasma TL of 20:4n-6 synthesized from 20 g/d (68 mmole) of 18:2n-6 is 677 mg/d (2.13 mmole). Dietary supplementation with 1.5 g/d of 20:4n-6 reduced accumulation of 20:4n-6 synthesized from 20 g/d of 18:2n-6 to about 326 mg/d (1.03 mmole). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Qual & Safety Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Qual & Safety Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1007/s11745-998-0230-x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZP464 UT WOS:000073756100004 PM 9625594 ER PT J AU Nunez, A Foglia, TA Piazza, GJ AF Nunez, A Foglia, TA Piazza, GJ TI A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method using a PoraPLOT column for the detection of hydroperoxide lyase in Chlorella pyrenoidosa SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS AB A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method using a PoraPLOT Q column was developed for the analysis and identification of the volatile products produced by the action of hydroperoxide lyase (HPLS) upon 13-hydroperoxylinoleic or 13-hydroperoxylinolenic acids. The developed procedure required no derivatization, was not affected by the presence of water, did not require cryogenic conditions to be maintained during injection, and allowed for the quantitation of most products. An acetone powder preparation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa cells was triturated with berate buffer pH = 8.0, and the mixture centrifuged at 12,000 x g. The supernatant and pellet were assayed for HPLS activity by GC-MS analysis of the volatile products given by linoleic acid hydroperoxide. The data showed that the majority df HPLS activity resides in the pellet fraction, and that the primary volatile component was pentane, with smaller amounts of 2-(Z)-pentene and 1-pentene being produced. The fact that HPLS activity resides in the water-insoluble fraction of the acetone powder suggests that HPLS from Chlorella is a membrane-associated enzyme. This investigation also determined that a spectrophotometric assay using alcohol dehydrogenase for measuring HPLS activity was not specific, but measured enzymatic activity other than HPLS. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nunez, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1007/s11745-998-0238-2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZP464 UT WOS:000073756100012 PM 9625602 ER PT J AU Martin, JW Jourharzadeh, P Fitterer, PH AF Martin, JW Jourharzadeh, P Fitterer, PH TI Description and comparison of major foregut ossicles in hydrothermal vent crabs SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECAPODA; CRUSTACEA; PACIFIC; BIOLOGY AB Major foregut (gastric mill) ossicles, including the dorsal median tooth, lateral teeth, accessory lateral teeth, and cardiopyloric valve, of hydrothermal vent crabs were dissected and examined during the summer of 1996 from specimens housed at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Ossicles are described for two species of hydrothermal vent crabs (family Bythograeidae Williams, 1980). The western Pacific Austinograea williamsi Hessler and Martin has an unusual dorsal median tooth. The surrounding cuticular flange is scalloped and bears spinulose setae at the tip of each of the protruding edges, a condition perhaps unique in the Brachyura. The lateral teeth are mostly unremarkable, bearing the typical large anterior denticles and deep serrations seen in other crab families, but with a higher number of serrations than is known for any species previously described. The accessory lateral teeth bear flattened, plate-like spines that are widest basally and that taper to a cylindrical tip. The basic armature of the foregut of Bythograea thermydron Williams, known only from vents in the eastern Pacific, is very similar. Scalloping of the median tooth borders is less pronounced, however, and the shape of the tooth itself and of the plate from which it arises is slightly different. The lateral teeth bear fewer and more widely spaced grooves, and the cardiopyloric valve entrance appears less setose at its extremity. Comparison with foregut ossicles in other crab families based on earlier studies, most of which have not employed SEM, reveals some similarities between bythograeids and some xanthids, but does not clarify the phylogenetic position of the bythograeids. Because of the paucity of other SEM studies of the brachyuran foregut, it is difficult to ascertain whether some of the many spine and setal types in the bythograeid foregut are unique or even unusual compared to those of other crab families. Nothing about the foregut of the vent crabs is indicative of their unusual habitat. Anecdotal observations of feeding in vent crabs indicate that they are opportunistic scavengers and omnivores, which is in keeping with the non-specialized nature of the foregut. The debate between adaptation vs phylogeny as determinants of the form of the gastric mill components is briefly discussed. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. USDA, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. RP Martin, JW (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, 900 Exposit Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 131 IS 2 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s002270050318 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZU223 UT WOS:000074174600007 ER PT J AU Elson, MK Schisler, DA Jackson, MA AF Elson, MK Schisler, DA Jackson, MA TI Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, carbon concentration, and amino acid composition of growth media influence conidiation of Helminthosporium solani SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE C : N ratio; potato; silver scurf; sporulation ID BIOHERBICIDE COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; BIPOLARIS-SOROKINIANA; SILVER SCURF; THIABENDAZOLE; SPORULATION; ENVIRONMENT; GERMINATION; METHIONINE; ETHYLENE; POTATOES AB Silver scurf, caused by Helminthosporium solani, is an important storage disease of potatoes. Experiments designed to evaluate control alternatives are limited by difficulty in producing conidial inoculum. In an effort to better understand how this difficulty could be overcome this study evaluated the influence of various carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios, carbon concentrations, and amino acids on conidial germination, colony diameter, and conidiation of Helminthosporium solani grown on solid-phase basal salts media. Under the conditions tested, the highest concentrations of conidia were produced with 1.25 to 2.5 g of carbon/L at a C:N ratio of 10:1. Higher C:N ratios or higher carbon concentrations reduced conidiation. Total conidia production was improved by use of tyrosine or arginine as the sole nitrogen source. Use of leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, or threonine severely inhibited H. solani conidia production. Use of a nitrogen source containing a mixture of amino acids resulted in a defined medium that permitted conidiation and growth of H. solani that was similar to or better than that obtained with Standard V8 Juice medium. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Elson, MK (reprint author), 3227 Deer Run Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 406 EP 413 DI 10.2307/3761399 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZT307 UT WOS:000074071300009 ER PT J AU Li, SX Hartman, GL Gray, LE AF Li, SX Hartman, GL Gray, LE TI Chlamydospore formation, production, and nuclear status in Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines soybean sudden death syndrome-causing isolates SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE macroconidia; nuclear staining; soilborne fungus; temperature ID SP PHASEOLI; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENICITY; GERMINATION; SEVERITY; SOIL; ROOT AB Six isolates of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines that cause soybean sudden death syndrome were examined for chlamydospore formation, production, and nuclear status. Chlamydospores formed from macroconidia either terminally, laterally by outward protrusion, or intercalarily. They also formed from germinated macroconidia and hyphae. Occasionally, a single macroconidium produced more than one chlamydospore. The percentage of chlamydospores produced differed significantly (P < 0.0001) by incubation temperature and varied among fungal isolates. More chlamydospores formed at 30 C followed by 25 C, 20 C and 4 C. Nuclear stained chlamydospores usually were uninucleate but occasionally multinucleate. Nuclei migrated from macroconidia into chlamydospores through germ tubes. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.2307/3761400 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZT307 UT WOS:000074071300010 ER PT J AU Alderman, SC AF Alderman, SC TI Gloeotinia temulenta and G-granigena, two distinct species SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; blind seed disease; Bromus; Elytrigia; Leotiales; Lolium; Secale; systematics AB Specimens of Gloeotinia temulenta from Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Scotland, and the United States were examined and microanatomical features compared with the type specimen of G. granigena from France to determine if, as previously suggested, they were conspecific. Microanatomical examination revealed similar apothecial characteristics between the two species, but they differed in details of the ascus and ascospores. The ascus cap of G. temulenta was thicker than that of G. granigena. Ascospores of G. temulenta were fusoid with bluntly pointed ends, inequalateral, and slightly depressed on one side while those of G. granigena were generally ellipsoidal with rounded ends and equilateral. Bromus erectus, on which G. granigena was originally described, was found not to be a host of G. temulenta. These data indicate that G. temulenta and G. granigena represent distinct species of Gloeotinia. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alderman, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 422 EP 426 DI 10.2307/3761401 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZT307 UT WOS:000074071300011 ER PT J AU Nirenberg, HI O'Donnell, K AF Nirenberg, HI O'Donnell, K TI New Fusarium species and combinations within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Dlaminia; fungi; hyphomycetes; Hypocreales; Liseola; phytopathogens; systematics ID SOUTHERN-AFRICA; SP-NOV; SWEET-POTATO; MONILIFORME; SUBGLUTINANS; LATERITIUM; CALIFORNIA; NYGAMAI; MILLET AB Ten Fusarium species within the Gibberella fujikuroi complex are described and illustrated as new species: F. acutatum ex Triticum sp. (wheat) and Cajanus sp., F. begoniae ex Begonia elatior hybrid, F. circinatum ex Pinus spp. and its teleomorph G. circinata, F. concentricum ex Musa sapientum (banana) and Nilaparvata lugens (Asian brown leaf hopper), F. denticulatum ex Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), F. guttiforme ex Ananas comosus (pineapple), F. phyllophilum ex Dracaena, Sansevieria and Gasteria spp., F. pseudocircinatum ex Solanum sp. as well as Pinus kesiya and Heteropsylla incisa, F. pseudonygamai ex Pennisetum typhoides (millet) and F. ramigenum ex Ficus carica (figs). One variety, F. sacchari var, elongatum ex Nerine bowdenii, Vallota sp. and Haemanthus sp. is given species rank as F. bulbicola. A neotype is designated for F. lactis, a pathogen of Ficus carica. A key to the described species is provided. C1 Biol Bundesanstalt Land & Forstwirtschaft, Inst Mikrobiol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Nirenberg, HI (reprint author), Biol Bundesanstalt Land & Forstwirtschaft, Inst Mikrobiol, Konigin Luise Str 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM h.nirenberg@bba.de NR 48 TC 270 Z9 300 U1 3 U2 27 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 434 EP 458 DI 10.2307/3761403 PG 25 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZT307 UT WOS:000074071300013 ER PT J AU Nirenberg, HI O'Donnell, K Kroschel, J Andrianaivo, AP Frank, JM Mubatanhema, W AF Nirenberg, HI O'Donnell, K Kroschel, J Andrianaivo, AP Frank, JM Mubatanhema, W TI Two new species of Fusarium : Fusarium brevicatenulatum from the noxious weed Striga asiatica in Madagascar and Fusarium pseudoanthophilum from Zea mays in Zimbabwe SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Liseola; systematics; witchweed AB Two new species are described and illustrated: Fusarium brevicatenulatum isolated from the noxious witchweed (Striga asiatica) in Madagascar, and F. pseudoanthophilum isolated from Zea mays in Zimbabwe. F. brevicatenulatum is characterized by long-oval to obovoid, mostly 0-septate conidia adhering usually in false heads on mostly monophialidic conidiophores in the aerial mycelium, the formation of very short false chains of conidia under continuous black light, the rare production of 3-septate sporodochial conidia, and the absence of chlamydospores; F. pseudoanthophilum by the production of mostly 0-septate, obovoid to clavate and some pyriform conidia that adhere in false heads and sometimes in very short chains on conidiophores of the aerial mycelium that are often branched and polyphialidic, by 3-5-septate sporodochial conidia, and by chains of chlamydospores. C1 Biol Bundesanstalt Land & Forstwirtschaft, Inst Mikrobiol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Hohenheim 308, Deutsch Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit GTZ Gmbh, D-705930 Stuttgart, Germany. Ctr Natl Rech Appl Dev Rural, Div Rech Agron, Div Pathol Vegetale, Antananarivo 101, Malagasy Republ. Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Univ Zimbabwe, Inst Food Nutr & Family Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Nirenberg, HI (reprint author), Biol Bundesanstalt Land & Forstwirtschaft, Inst Mikrobiol, Konigin Luis Str 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 459 EP 463 DI 10.2307/3761404 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZT307 UT WOS:000074071300014 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Cigelnik, E Nirenberg, HI AF O'Donnell, K Cigelnik, E Nirenberg, HI TI Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE beta-tubulin; biogeography; evolution; fungi; Hypocreales; ITS; mtSSU rDNA; phylogeny; phytopathogens ID FUSARIUM SECTION LISEOLA; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; BETA-TUBULIN GENE; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; SP-NOV; ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Phylogenetic relationships of the phytopathogenic Gibberella fujikuroi species complex were investigated by maximum parsimony analysis of DNA sequences from multiple loci. Gene trees inferred from the beta-tubulin gene exons and introns, mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rDNA, and 5' portion of the nuclear 28S rDNA were largely concordant, and in a combined analysis, provide strong statistical support for a phylogeny consistent with species radiations in South America, Africa, and Asia. These analyses place the American clads as a monophyletic sister-group of an African-Asian clade. Africa is the most phylogenetically diverse area examined with 16 species, followed by America (12 species) and Asia (8 species). The biogeographic hypothesis proposed from the phylogenetic evidence is based primarily on the formation of natural barriers associated with the fragmentation of the ancient super-continent Gondwana. Discordance of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) based tree with gene trees from the other loci sequenced is due to nonorthologous ITS2 sequences. The molecular evidence suggests the divergent ITS2 types were combined by an ancient interspecific hybridization (xenologous origin) or gene duplication (paralogous origin) that predates the evolutionary radiation of the G. fujikuroi complex. Two highly divergent nonorthologous ITS2 types designated type I and type II were identified and characterized with conserved ITS and ITS2 type-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and DNA sequence analysis. Only the major ITS2 type is discernible when conserved ITS primers are used; however, a minor ITS2 type was amplified from every strain tested with type-specific PCR primers. The evolutionary pattern exhibited by the major ITS2 type is homoplastic when mapped onto the species lineages inferred from the combined nuclear 28S rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and beta-tubulin gene sequences. Remarkably, the data indicate the major ITS2 type has switched between a type I and type II sequence at least three times during the evolution of the G. fujikuroi complex, but neither type has been fixed in any of the 45 species examined. Twenty-six of the 45 species included in this study represent either new species (23 species), new combinations (F. bulbicola and F. phyllophilum), or a rediscovered species (F. lactis). The results further indicate that traditional sectional and species-level taxonomic schemes for this lineage are artificial and a more natural classification is proposed. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Biol Bundesanstalt Land & Forstwirtschaft, Inst Mikrobiol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kodonnell@sunca.ncaur.usda.gov NR 121 TC 552 Z9 567 U1 4 U2 61 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 465 EP 493 DI 10.2307/3761407 PG 29 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZT307 UT WOS:000074071300017 ER PT J AU Pegler, DN Lodge, DJ Nakasone, KK AF Pegler, DN Lodge, DJ Nakasone, KK TI The pantropical genus Macrocybe gen. nov. SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Agaricales; Calocybe; ribosomal DNA; Tricholoma; Tricholomataceae; Tricholomateae ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; LIMITS AB Analysis of morphological and ecological characters plus ribosomal DNA sequences support the removal of seven related tropical species from the genus Tricholoma. This group of apparently nonmycorrhizal species that have abundant clamp connections on all hyphae but lack siderophilous granulation in the basidia cannot be accommodated in other genera, such as Calocybe or Megatricholoma. We therefore propose Macrocybe as a new genus in the Tricholomataceae for these taxa. C1 Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Pegler, DN (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. EM D.Pegler@LION.RBGKEW.ORG.UK; DLodge@LTERNET.EDU NR 29 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.2307/3761408 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZT307 UT WOS:000074071300018 ER PT J AU Ueng, PP Subramaniam, K Chen, W Arseniuk, E Wang, LX Cheung, AM Hoffmann, GM Bergstrom, GC AF Ueng, PP Subramaniam, K Chen, W Arseniuk, E Wang, LX Cheung, AM Hoffmann, GM Bergstrom, GC TI Intraspecific genetic variation of Stagonospora avenae and its differentiation from S-nodorum SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; GAEUMANNOMYCES-PHIALOPHORA COMPLEX; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; AMPLIFIED RIBOSOMAL DNAS; PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; WHEAT; RDNA; SEQUENCES; FUNGI; IDENTIFICATION AB To identify Stagonospora avenae genetically, 53 isolates from Europe and North America were assessed by RFLP analysis and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence polymorphisms in comparison with isolates of S. nodorum, S. arenaria and Septoria tritici. Our results also provided insight on possible phylogenetic divergence within the species currently identified by characteristic conidial morphology as S. avenae. Isolates from Europe, Canada, Minnesota and North Dakota showed little genetic variation. In RFLP and ITS sequence analyses, S. avenae isolates from New York and ATCC 12277 (origin unknown) had a closer relationship with barley-biotype S. nodorum, and S. avenae f. sp. triticea isolates of ATCC 26370 and ATCC 26377 from Minnesota were closely associated with wheat-biotype S. nodorum. Enzyme restrictions of ITS PCR-amplified products could facilitate the identification of Stagonospora on cereals. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. Univ Maryland, Cellular & Mol Genet Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Phytopathol, D-8000 Munchen, Germany. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ueng, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 102 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1017/S095375629700525X PN 5 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZH766 UT WOS:000073145500015 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Johnson, KA Cazares, E AF Smith, JE Johnson, KA Cazares, E TI Vesicular mycorrhizal colonization of seedlings of pinaceae and betulaceae after spore inoculation with Glomus intraradices SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza; Pinaceae; Betulaceae; Calamagrostis rubescens; Glomus intraradices ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; FUNGUS; INFECTION; GROWTH; PLANT; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL; GERMINATION; METABOLISM; EUCALYPTUS; SYMBIOSIS AB Although Pinaceae and Betulaceae have been reported to contain Glomus-type root endophytes, its ecological importance and the conditions influencing this symbiosis are poorly understood. Seedlings of Abies lasiocarpa, Alnus rubra, Pinus contorta, Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga merziesii, and Tsuga heterophylla were inoculated with Glomus intraradices to determine the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) development and responsiveness of these hosts. The role of companion VAM host plants on mycorrhizal colonization and nutrient uptake by Pseudotsuga menziesii was also examined by growing seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii in dual culture with VAM hosts Thuja plicata or Calamagrostis rubescens. After 8 weeks, no seedlings were colonized. At 16 weeks, 8 of 17 Thuja plicata seedlings grown with Pseudotsuga menziesii and all 18 inoculated Thuja plicata seedlings grown alone were colonized with vesicles and hyphae. Two of 17 inoculated Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings grown in dual culture with Thuja plicata were colonized with abundant vesicles and hyphae. No ectomycorrhizal seedlings grown in monoculture were colonized. At 9 months, all 10 Calamagrostis rubescens and all 10 inoculated Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings grown in dual culture were colonized by vesicles and hyphae. Two of 10 inoculated Pseudotsuga menziesii and 1 of 10 inoculated Pinus ponderosa seedlings grown in monoculture were similarly colonized. The mean phosphorus content in the needles of colonized Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings grown with Calamagrostis rubescens was about twice as high as in noncolonized Pseudotsuga merziesiiseedlings grown with Calamagrostis rubescens. Tissue nitrogen did not differ between these treatments. The results show that Glomus intraradices colonization of Pinaceae is most successful when a VAM host is present, although some vesicular colonization of Pinaceae occurred in the absence of a VAM host. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD MAY PY 1998 VL 7 IS 6 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s005720050193 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZR059 UT WOS:000073931500001 ER PT J AU Warnock, N Bishop, MA AF Warnock, N Bishop, MA TI Northwest passages SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 Point Reyes Bird Observ, Stinson Beach, CA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Cordova, AK USA. RP Warnock, N (reprint author), Point Reyes Bird Observ, Stinson Beach, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY SERIALS UNIT CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 107 IS 4 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZH812 UT WOS:000073150100018 ER PT J AU Johnsen, KH Major, JE AF Johnsen, KH Major, JE TI Black spruce family growth performance under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE early selection; genotype x environment interaction; growth; retrospective; seedling ID FULL-SIB FAMILIES; EARLY SELECTION; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-STRESS; SEEDLINGS; RESPONSES; PHENOLOGY; TREES AB Seedlings from 20 families of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), representing a large range in field productivity, were subjected to a greenhouse retrospective test under ambient (409 ppm - year 1, 384 ppm - year 2) and high (686 ppm - year 1, 711 ppm - year 2) atmospheric CO2 environments. After one and two growth cycles, seedling height and diameter growth significantly increased under elevated CO2. At the end of the experiment, seedlings grown under high CO2 had a mean above-ground dry weight of 48.77 g as compared to 26.36 g for seedlings grown under ambient atmospheric CO2. Families were a significant source of variation for all growth parameters. Although the family x CO2 environment interaction was not a statistically significant source of variation in the analysis of variance, the correlation between greenhouse and IS-year field height growth was weaker (r = 0.29, p = 0.2177) under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2 (r = 0.51, p = 0.0223) following the first growth cycle. However, following the second growth cycle, greenhouse-field correlations were similar between the two CO2 environments (ambient CO2: r = 0.55, p = 0.0115; elevated CO2: r = 0.56, p = 0.0101). Thus, with this set of families, growth performance ranking after two years appears relatively stable under ambient and elevated CO2. C1 Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RP Johnsen, KH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1023/A:1006586317535 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZQ462 UT WOS:000073864500005 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH Kennedy, E Barrier, P Danford, D Ernst, ND Grundy, SM Leveille, GA Van Horn, L Williams, CL Booth, SL AF Lichtenstein, AH Kennedy, E Barrier, P Danford, D Ernst, ND Grundy, SM Leveille, GA Van Horn, L Williams, CL Booth, SL TI Dietary fat consumption and health SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tufts-University Dialogue Conference on the Role of Fat-Modified Foods in Dietary Change CY DEC 07-09, 1997 CL TUFTS UNIV, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Proctor & Gamble Co HO TUFTS UNIV ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIETS; BREAST-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ENERGY-INTAKE; COLON-CANCER C1 Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Res Educ & Econ, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Amer Diabet Assoc, Alexandria, VA USA. US FDA, Washington, DC USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Leveille Associates, Denville, NJ USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Amer Hlth Fdn, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 143 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 19 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 56 IS 5 BP S3 EP S19 PN 2 PG 17 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZR336 UT WOS:000073963900002 PM 9624878 ER PT J AU Rosenberg Bieber Pi-Sunyer Leveille Roberts Denke Astrup Kennedy Kleinman Kristal Willett Dwyer Mela Marshall Blackburn Lichtenstein Hill Liebman Wing Peters Mendelson Sigman-Grant Haas AF Rosenberg Bieber Pi-Sunyer Leveille Roberts Denke Astrup Kennedy Kleinman Kristal Willett Dwyer Mela Marshall Blackburn Lichtenstein Hill Liebman Wing Peters Mendelson Sigman-Grant Haas TI Physiology of fat replacement and fat reduction: Effects of dietary fat and fat substitutes on energy regulation - Discussion SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tufts Univ, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Frederiksberg, Denmark. Best Foods, Somerset, NJ USA. Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Food & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Sci Publ Interest, Washington, DC USA. Leveille Associates, Denville, NJ USA. Inst Food Res, Reading RG2 9AT, Berks, England. Ryerson Polytech Univ, Toronto, ON, Canada. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Rosenberg (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 56 IS 5 BP S41 EP S49 PN 2 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZR336 UT WOS:000073963900005 ER PT J AU Taylor Kris-Etherton Porter Foreman Sims Haas Kennedy Nestle Wing Coletta Hill Hahn DiSogra Sigman-Grant Bieber Liebman Lichtenstein Must Triebwasser Sobal Leveille Christ-Erwin Mendelson Derelian Rosenberg Clarkson Birch AF Taylor Kris-Etherton Porter Foreman Sims Haas Kennedy Nestle Wing Coletta Hill Hahn DiSogra Sigman-Grant Bieber Liebman Lichtenstein Must Triebwasser Sobal Leveille Christ-Erwin Mendelson Derelian Rosenberg Clarkson Birch TI Educating consumers regarding choices for fat reduction - Discussion SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 King & Spalding, Washington, DC USA. Best Foods, Somerset, NJ USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Porter Novelli, Washington, DC USA. Gerber Prod Co, Fremont, MI USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Dole Food Co, San Mateo, CA USA. Hlth Profess Training, Fallbrook, CA USA. Foreman Heiedepriem & Mager Inc, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Food & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. Publ Voice Food & Hlth Policy, Washington, DC USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC USA. Leveille Associates, Denville, NJ USA. Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Sci Publ Interest, Washington, DC USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ryerson Polytech Inst, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. NYU, New York, NY USA. Lib Congress, Washington, DC 20540 USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Western Psychiat Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Taylor (reprint author), King & Spalding, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-6643 EI 1753-4887 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 56 IS 5 BP S92 EP S100 PN 2 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZR336 UT WOS:000073963900009 ER PT J AU Taylor Marshall Astrup Kennedy Nestle Mela Liebman Leveille Denke Kristal Milner Lichtenstein Roberts Foreman Sims Clark Birch Hill Pi-Sunyer Haas Bieber Berg Hubbard Rapaille Rosenberg Wing Sigman-Grant Kris-Etherton AF Taylor Marshall Astrup Kennedy Nestle Mela Liebman Leveille Denke Kristal Milner Lichtenstein Roberts Foreman Sims Clark Birch Hill Pi-Sunyer Haas Bieber Berg Hubbard Rapaille Rosenberg Wing Sigman-Grant Kris-Etherton TI Dietary fat consumption and health - Discussion SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 King & Spalding, Washington, DC USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Frederiksberg, Denmark. Best Foods, Somerset, NJ USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Foreman Heiedepriem & Mager Inc, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Food & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Leveille Associates, Denville, NJ USA. Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Sci Publ Interest, Washington, DC USA. Inst Food Res, Reading RG2 9AT, Berks, England. NYU, New York, NY USA. Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Archetype Discoveries World Wide, Boca Raton, FL USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Western Psychiat Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Taylor (reprint author), King & Spalding, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 56 IS 5 BP S19 EP S28 PN 2 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZR336 UT WOS:000073963900003 ER PT J AU Wing Nestle Rosenberg Rapaille Sims Bieber Rogers Haas Dwyer Sigman-Grant Lichtenstein Derelian Marshall Astrup Lindner Kristal Blackburn Van Horn Layden Clarkson Mela Clark Pi-Sunyer Kennedy AF Wing Nestle Rosenberg Rapaille Sims Bieber Rogers Haas Dwyer Sigman-Grant Lichtenstein Derelian Marshall Astrup Lindner Kristal Blackburn Van Horn Layden Clarkson Mela Clark Pi-Sunyer Kennedy TI Behavioral and social influences on food choice - Discussion SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Western Psychiat Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Frederiksberg, Denmark. Best Foods, Somerset, NJ USA. Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Hlth Profess Training, Fallbrook, CA USA. Tufts Univ, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Food & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Sci Publ Interest, Washington, DC USA. Tufts Hlth & Nutr Letter, Boston, MA USA. Porter Novelli, Washington, DC USA. Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Inst Food Res, Reading RG2 9AT, Berks, England. NYU, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Archetype Discoveries World Wide, Boca Raton, FL USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Wing (reprint author), Western Psychiat Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 56 IS 5 BP S64 EP S74 PN 2 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZR336 UT WOS:000073963900007 ER PT J AU Reich, PB Walters, MB Ellsworth, DS Vose, JM Volin, JC Gresham, C Bowman, WD AF Reich, PB Walters, MB Ellsworth, DS Vose, JM Volin, JC Gresham, C Bowman, WD TI Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area and leaf life-span: a test across biomes and functional groups SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE respiration; leaf life-span; specific leaf area; nitrogen; functional groups ID HARDWOOD SEEDLINGS; SHADE TOLERANCE; USE EFFICIENCY; GROWTH-RATE; LOW-LIGHT; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT; DEFENSE AB Based on prior evidence of coordinated multiple leaf trait scaling, we hypothesized that variation among species in leaf dark respiration rate (R-d) should scale with variation in traits such as leaf nitrogen (N), leaf life-span, specific leaf area (SLA), and net photosynthetic capacity (A(max)). However, it is not known whether such scaling if it exists, is similar among disparate biomes and plant functional types. We tested this idea by examining the interspecific relationships between R-d measured at a standard temperature and leaf life-span, N, SLA and A(max) for 69 species from four functional groups (forbs, broad-leafed trees and shrubs, and needle-leafed conifers) in six biomes traversing the Americas. alpine tundra/subalpine forest, Colorado; cold temperate forest/ grassland, Wisconsin; cool temperate forest, North Carolina; desert/shrubland, New Mexico; subtropical forest, South Carolina; and tropical rain forest, Amazonas, Venezuela. Area-based R-d was positively related to area-based leaf N within functional groups and for all species pooled, but not when comparing among species within any site. At all sites, mass-based R-d (Rd-mass) decreased sharply with increasing leaf life-span and was positively related to SLA and mass-based A(max) and leaf N (leaf N-mass). These intra-biome relationships were similar in shape and slope among sites, where in each case we compared species belonging to different plant functional groups. Significant Rd-mass-N-mass relationships were observed in all functional groups (pooled across sites), but the relationships differed, with higher R-d at any given leaf N in functional groups (such as forbs) with higher SLA and shorter leaf life-span. Regardless of biome or functional group, Rd-mass was well predicted by all combinations of leaf life-span, N-mass and/or SLA (r(2) > 0.79, P < 0.0001). At any given SLA, Rd-mass rises with increasing N-mass and/or decreasing leaf life-span and at any level of N-mass, Rd-mass rises with increasing SLA and/or decreasing leaf life-span. The relationships between R-d and leaf traits observed in this study support the idea of a global set of predictable interrelationships between key leaf morphological, chemical and metabolic traits. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ No British Columbia, Fac Nat Resources & Envrionm Studies, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Div Sci, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Clemson Univ, Baruch Forest Inst, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Mt Res Stn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept EPO Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 NR 24 TC 284 Z9 353 U1 11 U2 130 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 BP 471 EP 482 DI 10.1007/s004420050471 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZR339 UT WOS:000073964200004 PM 28307896 ER PT J AU Morgan, JA LeCain, DR Read, JJ Hunt, HW Knight, WG AF Morgan, JA LeCain, DR Read, JJ Hunt, HW Knight, WG TI Photosynthetic pathway and ontogeny affect water relations and the impact of CO2 on Bouteloua gracilis (C-4) and Pascopyrum smithii (C-3) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis); carbon dioxide; global change; partitioning; Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) ID ELEVATED CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AGROPYRON-SMITHII; PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; NICHE SEPARATION; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; RESPONSES; GRASS; LEAF AB The eastern Colorado shortgrass steppe is dominated by the C-4 grass, Bouteloua gracilis, but contains a mixture of C-3 grasses as well, including Pascopyrum smithii. Although the ecology of this region has been extensively studied, there is little information on how increasing atmospheric CO2 will affect it. This growth chamber study investigated gas exchange, water relations, growth, and biomass and carbohydrate partitioning in B. gracilis and P. gracilis grown under present ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations of 350 mu l l(-1) and 700 mu l l(-1), respectively, and two deficit irrigation regimes. The experiment was conducted in soil-packed columns planted to either species over a 2-month period under summer-like conditions and with no fertilizer additions. Our objective was to better under stand how these species and the functional groups they represent will respond in future CO2-enriched environments. Leaf CO2 assimilation (A(n)), transpiration use efficiency (TUE, or A(n)/transpiration), plant growth, and whole-plant water use efficiency (WUE, or plant biomass production/water evapotranspired) of both species were greater at elevated CO2, although responses were more pronounced for P. smithii. Elevated CO2 enhanced photosynthesis, TUE, and growth in both species through higher soil water content (SWC) and leaf water potentials (Psi) and stimulation of photosynthesis. Consumptive water use was greater and TUE less for P. smithii than B. gracilis during early growth when soil water was more available. Declining SWC with time was associated with a steadily increased sequestering of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNCs), storage carbohydrates (primarily fructans for P. Smithii) and biomass in belowground organs of P. smithii, but not B. gracilis. The root:shoot ratio of P. smithii also increased at elevated CO2 while the root:shoot ratio of B. gracilis was unresponsive to CO2. These partitioning responses may be the consequence of different ontogenetic strategies of a cool-season and warm-season grass entering a warm, dry summer period; the cool-season P. smithii responds by sequestering TNCs belowground in preparation for summer dormancy, while resource partitioning of the warm-season B. gracilis remains unaltered. One consequence of greater partitioning of resources into P. smithii belowground organs in the present study was maintenance of higher Psi and A(n) rates. This, along with differences in photosynthetic pathway, may have accounted for the greater responsiveness of P. smithii to CO2 enrichment compared to B. gracilis. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Front Range Community Coll, Dept Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Morgan, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s004420050472 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZR339 UT WOS:000073964200005 PM 28307897 ER PT J AU Tracy, BF Frank, DA AF Tracy, BF Frank, DA TI Herbivore influence on soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization in a northern grassland ecosystem: Yellowstone National Park SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE microorganisms; topography; grazing; nitrogen mineralization; Yellowstone ID SAGEBRUSH STEPPE LANDSCAPE; ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT; DYNAMICS; CARBON; SERENGETI; TURNOVER; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; RESPIRATION; POPULATIONS AB Microorganisms are largely responsible for soil nutrient cycling and energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems. Although soil microorganisms are affected by topography and grazing, little is known about how these two variables may interact to influence microbial processes. Even less is known about how these variables influence microorganisms in systems that contain large populations of free-roaming ungulates. In this study, we compared microbial biomass size and activity, as measured by in situ net N mineralization, inside and outside 35- to 40-year exclosures across a topographic gradient in northern Yellowstone National Park. The objective was to determine the relative effect of topography and large grazers on microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization. Microbial C and N varied by almost an order of magnitude across sites. Topographic depressions that contained high plant biomass and fine-textured soils supported the greatest microbial biomass. We found that plant biomass accurately predicted microbial biomass across our sites suggesting that carbon inputs from plants constrained microbial biomass, Chronic grazing neither depleted soil C nor reduced microbial biomass. We hypothesize that microbial populations in grazed grasslands are sustained mainly by inputs of labile C from dung deposition and increased root turnover or root exudation beneath grazed plants, Mineral N fluxes were affected more by grazing than topography. Net N mineralization rates were highest in grazed grassland and increased from dry, unproductive to mesic, highly productive communities. Overall, our results indicate that topography mainly influences microbial biomass size. while mineral N fluxes (microbial activity) are affected more by grazing in this grassland ecosystem. C1 Syracuse Univ, Biol Res Labs, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Tracy, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bft2@psu.edu NR 39 TC 102 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 41 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1007/s004420050480 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZR339 UT WOS:000073964200013 PM 28307905 ER PT J AU Monserud, RA Tchebakova, NM Denissenko, OV AF Monserud, RA Tchebakova, NM Denissenko, OV TI Reconstruction of the mid-Holocene palaeoclimate of Siberia using a bioclimatic vegetation model SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE palaeoclimate; bioclimatic model; Late Atlantic period; Siberia; climate change ID CLIMATE CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; POLLEN DATA; YR BP; EUROPE; BUDYKO AB A bioclimatic vegetation model is used to reconstruct the palaeoclimate of Siberia during the mid-Holocene, a warm. moist period also known as the Holocene climatic optimum. Our goal is to determine the magnitude of climatic anomalies associated with mapped changes in vegetation classes. Reconstructed anomalies are the logical outcome of the bioclimatic assumptions in the Siberia vegetation model operating on location-specific differences in the palaeomap of Khotinsky and the modern map of Isachenko. The Siberian vegetation model specifics the relationship between vegetation classes and climate using climatic indices (growing-degree days, dryness index, continentality index). These indices are then converted into parameters commonly used in climatic reconstructions: January and July mean temperatures. and annual precipitation. Climatic anomalies since the mid-Holocene are then displayed by latitude and longitude. An advantage of a model-based approach to climatic reconstruction is that grid cells can be modelled independently. without the need for interpolation to create smoothed temperature and precipitation contours. The resulting pattern of anomalies is complex. On average. Siberian winters in the mid-Holocene were 3.7 degrees C warmer than now, with greater warming in higher latitudes. The major winter warming was concentrated in the Taiga zone on the plains and tablelands of East Siberia, where a warm and moist climate was necessary to support a broad expanse of shade-tolerant dark-needled Taiga. January temperatures averaged about 1 degrees C warmer than now across southern Siberia. although large areas show no change. July temperature anomalies (0-5 degrees C) are distributed mostly latitudinally, with anomalies increasing with latitude above 65 degrees N. At latitudes below 65 degrees N, July temperature was nearly the same as today across Siberia. Based on July temperatures. Siberian summers in the mid-Holocene were 0.7 degrees C warmer than today's. Annual precipitation in Siberia was predicted to be 95 mm greater in the mid-Holocene than now. Most of the increase was concentrated in East Siberia (154 mm average increase). The precipitation anomalies are small in the south. Large precipitation anomalies are found in central and northeastern Siberia. This location corresponds rather closely to the large anomalies in January temperature in East Siberia. The annual precipitation Increase was > 200 mm more than present precipitation in Yakutia. This increase corresponds to the deep penetration of moisture-demanding dark-needled species (Pinus sibirica. Abies sibirica, Picea obovata) into East Siberia in the mid-Holocene, where currently only drought-resistant light-needled species (Larix spp.) are found. Another area of increased precipitation was along the Polar Circle in West Siberia and at the base of the Taymyr Peninsula in East Siberia. In combination with 2-5 degrees C warmer summers, moister climates there allowed forests to advance far northward into what is now the Tundra zone. C1 Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. Moscow State Univ, Dept Geog, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM monserud_r6pnw_portland@fs.fed.us NR 72 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00127-2 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA ZJ109 UT WOS:000073180400002 ER PT J AU Munoz, KA Krebs-Smith, SM Ballard-Barbash, R Cleveland, LE AF Munoz, KA Krebs-Smith, SM Ballard-Barbash, R Cleveland, LE TI Errors in food intake article SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Merck & Co Inc, Blue Bell, PA 19422 USA. NCI, Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Riverdale, MD USA. RP Munoz, KA (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Blue Bell, PA 19422 USA. NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1998 VL 101 IS 5 BP 952 EP 953 DI 10.1542/peds.101.5.952 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZL376 UT WOS:000073426700048 PM 9599129 ER PT J AU Wondimu, T Goessler, W Abegaz, M Banuelos, G Irgolic, K AF Wondimu, T Goessler, W Abegaz, M Banuelos, G Irgolic, K TI Retention behavior of inorganic and organic selenium compounds on a polymer-based cation exchange column SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE selenium; selenoamino acids; HPLC-ICP-MS AB The retention behavior of selenous acid, selenic acid, selenomethionine, selenoethionine, selenocystine, selenohomocystine, trimethylselenonium. iodide, and (3-amino-3-carboxy-1-propyl)-dimethylselenonium iodide was studied on the polymer-based PRP-X200 cation exchange column with an aqueous solution of pyridine (20 to 100 mM) in the pH range 1.1-6.0 adjusted with formic acid as the mobile phase. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer equipped with a hydraulic high pressure nebulizer served as selenium specific detector. The retention behavior was rationalized in terms of the pH-dependent deprotonation of the selenium compounds and of the pyridinium cation and of the formation of ion-pairs between hydrogen selenite, selenate, or the zwitterionic groups of the selenoamino acids with the pyridinium cation. A good separation of seven selenium compounds was achieved within 5.0 min at 40 degreesC with 20 mM pyridine (pH 3.70). Selenoethionine eluted 15 min after injection. Peak areas and peak heights of the chromatographic signals provided linear calibration curves (r(2) > 0.990). Detection limits obtained were 1 mug/L with the exception of selenoethionine (5 mug/L). C1 Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Analyt Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. USDA, ARS, Pacific Basin Area, Fresno, CA USA. USDA, ARS, Pacific Basin Area, Fresno, CA USA. RP Wondimu, T (reprint author), Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Analyt Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 EI 1563-5325 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD MAY-JUL PY 1998 VL 136 BP 327 EP 352 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA V3230 UT WOS:000171897600030 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Bisbal, EC Boote, KJ AF Allen, LH Bisbal, EC Boote, KJ TI Nonstructural carbohydrates of soybean plants grown in subambient and superambient levels of CO2 SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; Glycine max; photosynthesis ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; L MERR PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE; STARCH CONCENTRATION; REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH; LEAVES; TEMPERATURE; LEAF; EXPORT; LIGHT AB Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration increases plant photosynthesis, biomass and carbohydrate accumulation. Since plants have grown in low CO2 (200 to 300 mu mol mol(-1)) for the last several million years, how will they use extra photoassimilate as the atmospheric CO(2 )continues to rise? The objectives were to determine the effects of past, present and projected future levels of CO2 on diurnal and seasonal patterns of total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] tissues. Plants were grown at 160, 220, 280, 330, 660 and 990 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 in outdoor, sunlit chambers wherein CO2 uptake rates were measured continuously. Early morning and fate afternoon plant samples were taken at eight dates. The TNC concentration of leaves, petioles and stems increased as CO:! increased. Canopy photosynthetic rates also increased with increasing CO2, apparently without any negative impact of increased leaf TNC. Concentrations of TNC in all vegetative tissues were lower in the morning than the afternoon, which indicates overnight mobilization and utilization of carbohydrates for growth processes. The concentration of TNC was lowest in ail plant components during rapid vegetative growth at Vg to R2 developmental stages. Leaves of all plants, especially those grown in superambient CO2, contained large pools of TNC at plant maturity, which indicated that not all of the reserves were utilized for seed yield. Soybean cultivars for the future should be designed to utilize carbohydrates more readily for seed production so that greater benefit can be realized from rising atmospheric CO2. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Inst Invest Recursos Agroecol, Dept Evaluat Tierras, Edif 1,Area Univ,apdo Postal 4653, Maracay 2101, Venezuela. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 63 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 56 IS 2 BP 143 EP 155 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 105MJ UT WOS:000075077100003 ER PT J AU Krizek, DT Britz, SJ Mirecki, RM AF Krizek, DT Britz, SJ Mirecki, RM TI Inhibitory effects of ambient levels of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation on growth of cv. New Red Fire lettuce SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; biomass production; flavonoids; Lactuca sativa; lettuce; solar radiation effects; UV exclusion effects ID ZEA-MAYS-L; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ANTHOCYANIN FORMATION; LIGHT; GREENHOUSE; SEEDLINGS; CUCUMBER; PLANTS AB The influence of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation at Beltsville, MD, USA, on growth of Lactuca sativa L. (cv. New Red Fire lettuce) was examined during early summer of 1996 and 1997. Plants were grown from seed in plastic window boxes covered with Llumar to exclude W-A and W-B, polyester to exclude UV-B, or tefzel (1996) or teflon (1997) to transmit UV-A and UV-B radiation. After 31-34 days, plants grown in the absence of solar W-B radiation (polyester) had 63 and 57% greater fresh weight and dry weight of tops, respectively, and 57, 72 and 47% greater dry weight of leaves, stems and roots, respectively, as compared to those grown under ambient UV-B (tefzel or teflon). Plants protected from UV-A radiation as well (Llumar) showed an additional 43 and 35% increase, respectively, in fresh and dry weight of tops and a 33 and 33% increase, respectively, in dry weight of leaves and stems, but no difference in root biomass over those grown under polyester. Excluding ambient UV-B (polyester) significantly reduced the UV absorbance of leaf extracts at 270, 300 and 330 nm (presumptive flavonoids) and the concentration of anthocyanins at 550 nm as compared to those of leaf extracts from plants grown under ambient UV-A and UV-B. Additional removal of ambient UV-A (Llumar) reduced the concentration of anthocyanins, but had no further effect on UV absorbance at 270, 300 or 330 nm. These findings provide evidence that UV-B radiation is more important than UV-A radiation for flavonoid induction in this red-pigmented lettuce cultivar. Although previous workers have obtained decreases in lettuce yield under enhanced UV-B, this is the first evidence for inhibitory effects of solar W-A and UV-B radiation on lettuce growth. C1 ARS, Climate Stress Lab, NRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Krizek, DT (reprint author), ARS, Climate Stress Lab, NRI, USDA, Bldg 046A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dkrizek@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 34 TC 124 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 31 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 103 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030101.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZZ106 UT WOS:000074696300001 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC AF Suttle, JC TI Postharvest changes in endogenous cytokinins and cytokinin efficacy in potato tubers in relation to bud endodormancy SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE cytokinin; dormancy; ELISA; endodormancy; potato; Solanum tuberosum ID STEM NODE CULTURES; SEASONAL PATTERN; ABSCISIC-ACID; DORMANCY; METABOLISM; IMMUNOASSAY; PLANTS; LEVEL AB Using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the effects of postharvest storage duration and temperature on endogenous cytokinins in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) tuber apical bud tissues in relation to endodormancy status were determined. Following fractionation by HPLC, a total of eight cytokinins were detected and these were: zeatin riboside-5'-monophosphate (ZRMP), zeatin-O-glucoside (ZOG), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), isopentenyl adenosine-5'-monophosphate (IPMP), isopentenyl adenine-9-glucoside (IP-9-G), isopentenyl adenine (IP) and isopentenyl adenosine (IPA). Regardless of postharvest storage temperature or endodormancy status, IP-9-G was the most abundant cytokinin detected while ZRMP and ZOG were the least abundant ones. In tubers preincubated at a growth-permissive temperature (20 degrees C) prior to extraction, the loss of endodormancy was preceded by significant increases in the endogenous levels of 2, ZR, IPMP and IP-9-G. When stood continuously at a growth-inhibiting temperature (3 degrees C), significant increases in ZR, IP-9-G and IP + IPA were observed. The total content of cytokinins increased by over 7-fold during postharvest storage and this increase was a result of de novo biosynthesis. Dose-response studies using IPA and ZR demonstrated a time-dependent increase in apparent cytokinin sensitivity during postharvest storage. With the exception of IP-9-G, injection of any of these endogenous cytokinins resulted in the rapid and complete termination of tuber endodormancy. The significance of these results with respect to endodormancy regulation and the possible mechanisms controlling cytokinin levels in potato tubers are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM jsuttle@badlands.nodak.edu NR 41 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 103 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030108.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZZ106 UT WOS:000074696300008 ER PT J AU DuPont, FM Hurkman, WJ Tanaka, CK Chan, R AF DuPont, FM Hurkman, WJ Tanaka, CK Chan, R TI BiP, HSP70, NDK and PDI in wheat endosperm. I. Accumulation of mRNA and protein during grain development SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BiP; endosperm; glutenin; grain development; HSP70; nucleoside diphosphate kinase; protein disulfide isomerase; Triticum aestivum; wheat ID NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE; M(R) GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; STORAGE PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; POLYMERS; HOMOLOG AB Biosynthesis and accumulation of seed storage proteins such as the wheat glutens depend on the activity of a variety of other proteins, including chaperones and foldases, cDNA probes and antibodies to two chaperone proteins and a foldase were used to follow mRNA and protein accumulation in developing grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum, cvs Cheyenne and Butte). Endosperm was separated from other grain components and protein accumulation was analyzed on a per mg fresh weight basis. The ER resident chaperone BiP (binding protein) and foldase PDI (protein disulfide isomerase) accumulated to maximal levels in the middle stage of endosperm development, a period of rapid cell expansion and storage protein accumulation, whereas levels of a cytosolic chaperone, HSP70, remained relatively constant throughout grain development. In contrast, nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK), a cytosolic enzyme needed for synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates, accumulated early in endosperm development during the period of nuclear division and cell formation. When analyzed as a fraction of total protein the relative abundance of all four proteins peaked early in grain development and then declined. Accumulation of mRNA for the four proteins also peaked early in grain development. Although BiP and PDI formed a declining percentage of total protein as storage protein accumulated, their pattern of accumulation was compatible with a proposed role as catalysts for storage protein folding and accumulation in the ER. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP DuPont, FM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fmd@pw.usda.gov NR 38 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 103 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030109.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZZ106 UT WOS:000074696300009 ER PT J AU Hurkman, WJ DuPont, FM Altenbach, SB Combs, A Chan, R Tanaka, CK Reuveni, M Bernardin, JE AF Hurkman, WJ DuPont, FM Altenbach, SB Combs, A Chan, R Tanaka, CK Reuveni, M Bernardin, JE TI BiP, HSP70, NDK and PDI in wheat endosperm. II. Effects of high temperature on protein and mRNA accumulation SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BiP; endosperm; heat shock; HSP70; nucleoside diphosphate kinase; protein disulfide isomerase; Triticum aestivum; wheat ID NUCLEOSIDE-DIPHOSPHATE KINASE; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNA; GROWTH; STRESS; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; TOLERANCE AB The effects of high temperature on accumulation of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) as well as two other proteins that have roles in the biosynthesis of storage proteins were examined during grain development. An HSP70 homolog and a 17-kDa NDK were co-purified from wheat endosperm, their identity verified, and a cDNA for an HSP70 expressed in endosperm was isolated. Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum, cvs Butte and Vulcan) were heat shocked at 40 degrees C or exposed to maximum daily temperatures of 37 or 40 degrees C during early or mid-grain fill. Antibodies and cDNA probes for BiP, HSP70, NDK and PDI were used to examine the effect of high temperatures on the accumulation of protein and mRNA in the endosperm. HSP70 mRNA levels increased substantially when plants were exposed to heat shock or to a 1-day gradual increase to 40 degrees C. The effects of a 5-day heat treatment on mRNA levels were more complicated and depended on the developmental stage of the grain. A treatment that began at 7 days post-anthesis (DPA) decreased the level of mRNA for HSP70, BiP, PDI and NDK, whereas a treatment that began at 14 DPA slightly increased mRNA levels. The same treatments increased the accumulation of HSP70 but did not affect BiP, PDI, or NDK protein levels. This is the first detailed report on the effects of heat on mRNA and protein levels for HSP70 in a developing seed storage tissue. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Volcani Inst, Bet Dagan, Israel. RP DuPont, FM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM find@pw.usda.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 103 IS 1 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030110.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZZ106 UT WOS:000074696300010 ER PT J AU Wisler, GC Li, RH Liu, HY Lowry, DS Duffus, JE AF Wisler, GC Li, RH Liu, HY Lowry, DS Duffus, JE TI Tomato chlorosis virus: A new whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus of tomato SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS YELLOWS VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN GENE; SWEET-POTATO; BEMISIA-TABACI; SEQUENCE; GENOME; RNA; INCLUSIONS; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION AB Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is the second whitefly-transmitted phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus described infecting tomato. ToCV is distinct from tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), based on lack of serological and nucleic acid cross-reactions and differences in vector specificity. TICV is transmitted only by the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), whereas ToCV is transmitted by the greenhouse whitefly, the banded-wing whitefly (T. abutilonea), and Bemisia tabaci biotypes A and B (B. argentifolii). Double-stranded (ds) RNA analyses of ToCV show two prominent dsRNAs of approximately 7,800 and 8,200 bp, with several small dsRNAs. Digoxigenin-11-UTP-labeled riboprobes derived from cDNA clones representing portions of RNAs 1 and 2 were used in Northern blot hybridizations to detect two large nonhomologous dsRNAs and a subset of smaller dsRNAs. These probes were used in dot blot hybridizations to detect ToCV in infected tomato. Inclusion bodies and cytoplasmic vesicles were consistently observed in phloem tissues of ToCV-infected Nicotiana clevelandii. Computer-assisted sequence analysis showed significant homology between ToCV clones that hybridize specifically with RNAs 1 and 2 and the lettuce infectious yellows virus methyltransferase of RNA 1 and the HSP70 heat shock protein homolog of RNA 2, respectively. Thus, ToCV is another member of the growing subgroup of bipartite closteroviruses transmitted by whiteflies. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Wisler, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM gwisler@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 46 TC 88 Z9 109 U1 9 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1998 VL 88 IS 5 BP 402 EP 409 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.5.402 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZL925 UT WOS:000073487300005 PM 18944918 ER PT J AU Jin, H Domier, LL Kolb, FL Brown, CM AF Jin, H Domier, LL Kolb, FL Brown, CM TI Identification of quantitative loci for tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus in oat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comparative mapping ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; AFLP MARKERS; YD2 GENE; POLYMORPHISM AFLP; CULTIVATED OAT; LINKAGE MAP; TRAIT LOCI; RESISTANCE; RICE; INHERITANCE AB Molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci conditioning tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) were identified in oat (Avena sativa) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Near-isogenic and recombinant inbred lines (NILs and Ws, respectively) derived from a cross of Clintland64 (BYDV-sensitive) and IL86-5698 (BYDV-tolerant) were evaluated for their responses to an Illinois isolate of the PAV strain of BYDV. Individual markers identified in the analysis of the NILs explained up to 35% of the variability seen in the tolerance response. Single-point analysis of the marker data from the RIL population identified 24 markers in three linkage groups that were associated with tolerance to BYDV infection at P less than or equal to 0.001. These markers defined three major loci, A, C, and E, that were contributed by the tolerant parent (IL86-5698) and explained 35.0, 20.6, and 17.0% of the variability, respectively. Three minor loci (G, H-1, and R) were identified at P less than or equal to 0.01. These loci were contributed by the sensitive parent (Clintland64) and explained 5.8, 5.6, and 5.6% of the variability respectively. Interval analysis showed that only the loci A, C, and E are associated significantly with BYDV tolerance at log of the likelihood ratio greater than or equal to 3.0. These loci explained about 50% total of the variation in BYDV tolerance in multimarker regression analysis in both years. The BYDV tolerance loci A, C, E, and R were mapped to hexaploid oat restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage groups 2, 8, 36, and 5, respectively, by analyzing the segregation of the AFLP markers in the Kanota x Ogle RIL population. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 59 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1998 VL 88 IS 5 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.5.410 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZL925 UT WOS:000073487300006 PM 18944919 ER PT J AU Avila, FJ Bruton, BD Fletcher, J Sherwood, JL Pair, SD Melcher, U AF Avila, FJ Bruton, BD Fletcher, J Sherwood, JL Pair, SD Melcher, U TI Polymerase chain reaction detection and phylogenetic characterization of an agent associated with yellow vine disease of cucurbits SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis melo; Cucurbita pepo; vine decline ID 16S RDNA; BACTERIUM; ORGANISM AB Diagnosis of yellow vine disease (YVD) in cucurbits, an important disease in the south-central United States, relies on external symptom appearance, phloem discoloration, and the presence of bacterium-like organisms (BLOs) in phloem. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of BLO nucleotide sequences was explored as a means to improve diagnostic techniques. PCR, using a primer pair based on sequences of the citrus-greening BLO, amplified a 0.15-kilobase (kb) fragment from the DNA of symptomatic plants, but not from that of asymptomatic plants. Its nucleotide sequence suggested that the DNA amplified was of prokaryotic origin. A primer pair, designed to amplify nonspecific prokaryotic 16S rDNA, amplified a 1.5-kb DNA fragment in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. The 1.5-kb fragment from the asymptomatic plants corresponded to chloroplast 16S rDNA, and the hand from the symptomatic plants was composed of 16S rDNAs from both chloroplasts and a prokaryote. The nucleotide sequence of the prokaryotic DNA was determined and used to design three primers (YV1, YV2, and YV3). Fragments of 0.64 and 1.43 kb were amplified with primers YV1-YV2 and primers YV1-YV3, respectively, from symptomatic plants. Neither primer set yielded fragments from asymptomatic plants, unrelated bacteria, or selected soilborne fungal pathogens of cucurbits. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the prokaryote is a gamma-3 proteobacterium. The consistent association of the 0.64- and 1.43-kb fragments with symptomatic plants suggests that the gamma-3 proteobacterium may be the causal agent of YVD of cantaloupe, squash, and watermelon. C1 USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bruton, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RI Melcher, Ulrich/E-7160-2010 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1998 VL 88 IS 5 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.5.428 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZL925 UT WOS:000073487300009 PM 18944922 ER PT J AU Andrade, G Linderman, RG Bethlenfalvay, GJ AF Andrade, G Linderman, RG Bethlenfalvay, GJ TI Bacterial associations with the mycorrhizosphere and hyphosphere of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Alcaligenes; Arthrobacter; Glomus mosseae; hyphosphere; mycorrhiza; mycorrhizosphere; Pseudomonas; rhizobacteria; rhizosphere; Sorghum ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; ROOT COLONIZATION; RHIZOSPHERE; SOIL; PLANT; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB Roots and mycorrhizal fungi may not associate with soil bacteria randomly, but rather in a hierarchical structure of mutual preferences. Elucidation of such structures would facilitate the management of the soil biota to enhance the stability of the plant-soil system. We conducted an experiment utilizing two isolates of soil bacteria to determine their persistence in distinct mycorrhizal regions of the root zone, and their effects on general rhizosphere populations of fluorescent pseudomonads (FP). Split-root sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) plants were grown in four-compartment containers, constructed so that the soils in individual compartments held either (1) roots colonized by the arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus mosseae (M), (2) nonAM roots only (R), (3) hyphae of G. mosseae (H), or (4) no mycorrhizal structures (S). The soils were inoculated (10(7) cells g(-1) dry soil) with antibiotic-resistant (rifampicin, rif; streptomycin, sm) strains of the soil bacteria, Alcaligenes eutrophus (rif(r) 50) or Arthrobacter globiformis (sm(r) 250), or were left uninoculated as control. A. eutrophus had been isolated from a specific source (hyphosphere soil of G. mosseae), and A. globiformis from mycorrhizosphere soils of two AM fungi. After 10 wk of growth, the presence of A. eutrophus was barely detectable (<10 cfu g(-1) dry soil) in nonAM (R and S) soils, but persisted well (10(4) cfu g(-1) dry soil) in AM (H and M) soils. Numbers of A. globiformis were more evenly distributed between all soils, but were highest in the presence of AM roots (M soil). There were varied bacterial effects on root and AM-hyphal development: A. eutrophus decreased hyphal length in H soil, while A. globiformis stimulated root length in M soil. The two bacterial inoculants did not affect numbers of FP in H, R, and M soils, but the AM status of the soils did: the numbers of FP increased in the order M>R>H>S. There was a positive correlation of FP numbers with both bacterial inoculants in M and H soils. Numbers of FP changed with root or hyphal lengths, an effect that was related to changes in the numbers of the inoculated bacteria. The results indicate that the hyphosphere-specific A. eutrophus depended on the presence of G. mosseae, but that the nonspecific A. globiformis did not. The mycorrhizal status of soils may selectively influence persistence of bacterial inoculants as well as affecting the numbers of other native bacteria. C1 Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Microbiol, BR-86051970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Andrade, Galdino/B-3757-2012 NR 36 TC 55 Z9 71 U1 10 U2 33 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1998 VL 202 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1023/A:1004397222241 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 118PK UT WOS:000075847300009 ER PT J AU Andrade, G Mihara, KL Linderman, RG Bethlenfalvay, GJ AF Andrade, G Mihara, KL Linderman, RG Bethlenfalvay, GJ TI Soil aggregation status and rhizobacteria in the mycorrhizosphere SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE actinomycete; anaerobic bacterium; arbuscular mycorrhiza; Glomus mosseae; hyphosphere; rhizobacteria; rhizosphere; soil aggregation; soil hyphae; Sorghum ID EXTERNAL HYPHAE; FUNGI; BACTERIA; GLOMUS; PLANT; SIZE; MICROORGANISMS; RHIZOSPHERE; GROWTH; ROOTS AB Soil aggregation is a dynamic process in which plants and the soil microbiota play a major role. This experiment was conducted to determine whether the effects of mycorrhizae on the stability of water-stable soil aggregates (WSA) and on selected groups of soil microorganisms are interrelated. Soil containers consisting of four compartments were utilized. Two compartments on each side of a solid barrier were separated by a 43 mu m screen that permitted the passage of hyphae, but not of roots. The roots of Sorghum bicolor plants were split over the center barrier, and the roots on one side were inoculated with an arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungus. This design produced mycorrhizosphere soils (M) by AM roots or hyphosphere (H) soils by AM hyphae in the two compartments on the one side of the barrier, and rhizosphere soils (R) by nonAM roots or root- and hypha-free bulk soil (S) in the two compartments on the other side. At harvest (10 wk), there were significant differences in WSA between soils in the order: M>R>H>S, and WSA stability was significantly correlated with root or hyphal length. Numbers of colony-forming units of the microflora (total bacteria, actinomycetes, anaerobes, P solubilizers, and nonAM fungi) were in general not correlated with root or hyphal length, but in some cases were significantly con-elated with WSA. Bacteria isolated from the water-stable soil-aggregate fraction tended to be more numerous than from the unstable fraction. The difference was significant in the M soil for total bacteria and P solubilizing bacteria. NonAM fungi were more numerous in the unstable fraction of the M soil. The data show that the root and fungal components of mycorrhizae enhance WSA stability individually and additively in concert, and suggest that they affect microorganism numbers indirectly by providing a favorable and protective habitat through the creation of habitable pore space in the WSA. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Univ Estadual Londrine, Dept Microbiol, BR-86051970 Londrine, PR, Brazil. RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Andrade, Galdino/B-3757-2012 NR 46 TC 71 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1998 VL 202 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1023/A:1004301423150 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 118PK UT WOS:000075847300010 ER PT J AU Serraj, R Sinclair, TR AF Serraj, R Sinclair, TR TI Soybean cultivar variability for nodule formation and growth under drought SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE drought stress; genetic variation; Glycine max; nodulation ID NITROGEN ACCUMULATION; GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; WATER DEFICITS; FIXATION; SENSITIVITY; NODULATION; JACKSON AB Both nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are sensitive to soil drying, which can have important negative effects on yield. An exception to this general response has been the identification of the cultivar Jackson as being drought tolerant for N-2 fixation. The objectives of this research were to examine nodule formation and growth in Jackson among other soybean cultivars in response to soil drying under field conditions. Two field experiments were conducted to examine the genetic variation in the sensitivity of nodule numbers and dry weights to soil drying. Substantial variation among soybean lines was found, and the drought-tolerance trait was demonstrated again in Jackson. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to further analyze the variation of nodulation response to soil water content. The differences among cultivars observed in the field were confirmed in the greenhouse. Importantly, the relative drought insensitivity of N2 fixation in cultivar Jackson was associated with high individual nodule dry weight under drought conditions, relative to well-watered plants. It was concluded that large variation in nodulation sensitivity to water deficit exists among soybean cultivars and that the response of N-2 fixation rates to drought is related in part to nodule formation and growth. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Biol, Lab Physiol Vegetale, Marrakech, Morocco. RP Serraj, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, IFAS Bldg 350,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1998 VL 202 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1023/A:1004300819535 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 118PK UT WOS:000075847300017 ER PT J AU Rogers, ME Grieve, CM Shannon, MC AF Rogers, ME Grieve, CM Shannon, MC TI The response of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) to sodium sulphate and chloride salinity SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; chloride; lucerne; Na2SO4; salt tolerance; sulphate ID SALT TOLERANCE; SULFATE SALINITY; GERMINATION; RESISTANCE; IRRIGATION; SELECTION; CULTIVARS; GROWTH; YIELD; ION AB Sodium and sulphate-dominated salinity is a serious environmental problem occurring in soils and groundwater in many parts of the world. The effect of Na2SO4 and NaCl, at electrical conductivity levels ranging from 2 to 17 dS m(-1), on the growth and tissue ion concentrations of 16 lines of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) was examined in the greenhouse over a 2 month period. Averaged across all lines, plants grown at 17 dS m(-1) produced 66% of the dry matter of plants grown at 2 dS m(-1). However there were significant differences among lines in relative salt tolerance (as defined by the slope of the reduction in dry matter) versus electrical conductivity. Dry matter production was negatively correlated with shoot concentrations of Na+, Cl- and S2- and generally lines that were more tolerant to salinity had lower concentrations of those ions in the shoots. We conclude that lucerne is moderately tolerant to Na2SO4-predominated salinity, and that the degree of intraspecific variation that exists within this species will allow more tolerant lines to be selected for establishment in conditions where sulphate salinity is a problem. C1 Inst Sustainable Irrigated Agr, Tatura, Vic 3616, Australia. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Rogers, ME (reprint author), Inst Sustainable Irrigated Agr, Ferguson Rd, Tatura, Vic 3616, Australia. EM rogersm@salty.agric.gov.au NR 22 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1998 VL 202 IS 2 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1023/A:1004317513474 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 129PB UT WOS:000076471200012 ER PT J AU Grotewold, E Chamberlin, M Snook, M Siame, B Butler, L Swenson, J Maddock, S Clair, GS Bowen, B AF Grotewold, E Chamberlin, M Snook, M Siame, B Butler, L Swenson, J Maddock, S Clair, GS Bowen, B TI Engineering secondary metabolism in maize cells by ectopic expression of transcription factors SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS; P-GENE; REGULATORY GENES; FLAVONOID BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; CORN-EARWORM; PLANT-CELL; CHALCONE; AC; ISOVITEXIN AB Manipulation of plant natural product biosynthesis through genetic engineering is an attractive but technically challenging goal. Here, we demonstrate that different secondary metabolites can be produced in cultured maize cells by ectopic expression of the appropriate regulatory genes. Cell lines engineered to express the maize transcriptional activators C1 and R accumulate two cyanidin derivatives, which are similar to the predominant anthocyanin found in differentiated plant tissues. In contrast, cell lines that express P accumulate various 3-deoxy flavonoids, Unexpectedly, P-expressing cells in culture also accumulate phenylpropanoids and green fluorescent compounds that are targeted to different subcellular compartments. Two endogenous biosynthetic genes (c2 and al, encoding chalcone synthase and flavanone/dihydroflavonol reductase, respectively) are independently activated by ectopic expression of either P or C1/R, and there is a dose-response relationship between the transcript lever of P and the degree to which c2 or al is expressed. Our results support a simple model showing how the gene encoding P may act as a quantitative trait locus controlling insecticidal C-glycosyl flavone level in maize silks, and they suggest how p1 might confer a selective advantage against insect predation in maize. C1 Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, 7300 NW 62nd Ave,POB 1004, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. EM bowenb@philbred.com NR 90 TC 210 Z9 241 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAY PY 1998 VL 10 IS 5 BP 721 EP 740 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA ZQ239 UT WOS:000073837400010 PM 9596632 ER PT J AU Serraj, R Sinclair, TR Allen, LH AF Serraj, R Sinclair, TR Allen, LH TI Soybean nodulation and N-2 fixation response to drought under carbon dioxide enrichment SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; drought; nitrogen fixation; nodule; soybean; ureides ID ROOT NODULE ACTIVITY; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; OXYGEN PERMEABILITY; REDUCTION ACTIVITY; WATER-DEFICIT; GAS-EXCHANGE; WHITE CLOVER; AMINO-ACID; GROWTH; STRESS AB The combined effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment and water deficits on nodulation and N-2 fixation were analysed in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Two shortterm experiments were conducted in greenhouses with plants subjected to soil drying, while exposed to CO2 atmospheres of either 360 or 700 mu mol CO2 mol(-1). Under drought-stressed conditions, elevated [CO2] resulted in a delay in the decrease in Nz fixation rates associated,vith drying of the soil used in these experiments. The elevated [CO2] also allowed the plants under drought to sustain significant increases in nodule number and mass relative to those under ambient [CO2], The total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration was lower in the shoots of the plants exposed to drought; however, plants under elevated CO2 had much higher TNC levels than those under ambient CO2. For both [CO2] treatments, drought stress induced a substantial accumulation of TNC in the nodules that paralleled N-2 fixation decline, which indicates that nodule activity under drought may not be carbon limited. Under drought stress, ureide concentration increased in all plant tissues. However, exposure to elevated [CO2] resulted in substantially less drought-induced ureide accumulation in leaf and petiole tissues. A strong negative correlation was found between ureide accumulation and TNC levels in the leaves. This relationship, together with the large effect of elevated [CO2] on the decrease of ureide accumulation in the leaves, indicated the importance of ureide breakdown in the response of N-2 fixation to drought and of feedback inhibition by ureides on nodule activity. It is concluded that an important effect of CO2 enrichment on soybean under drought conditions is an enhancement of photoassimilation, an increased partitioning of carbon to nodules and a decrease of leaf ureide levels, which is associated with sustained nodule growth and N-2 rates under soil water deficits. We suggest that future [CO2] increases are likely to benefit soybean production by increasing the drought tolerance of N-2 fixation. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Biol, Lab Physiol Vegetale, Marrakech, Morocco. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, IFAS Bldg 350,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 53 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 21 IS 5 BP 491 EP 500 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00298.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 106BK UT WOS:000075109700005 ER PT J AU Wells, JM Liao, CH Hotchkiss, AT AF Wells, JM Liao, CH Hotchkiss, AT TI In vitro inhibition of soft-rotting bacteria by EDTA and nisin and in vivo response on inoculated fresh cut carrots SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE bacterial soft rot ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; INACTIVATION; SPOILAGE; STRAINS; MARKETS AB EDTA and the antibiotic nisin, in combination with heat, were tested for inhibition of growth of six pectolytic, soft-rotting bacteria in 80% trypticase soy broth (TSB). Fifty percent reduction of growth by EDTA at 25 degrees C in TSB occurred at 3.24 mM for Erwinia chrysanthemi, 2.57 mM for Pseudomonas fluorescens, 0.96 mM for E. carotovora (subsp. carotovora), 0.48 mM for P. viridiflava, 0.17 mM for Xanthomonas campestris (pv. campestris:,, and 0.16 mM for Cytophaga johnsonae. Nisin at 50 mu g/ml was effective against X. campestris and C. johnsonae lover 90% inhibition of growth) but not against the other four bacteria (less than 20% inhibition), which are the more economically important soft-rotters. Combinations of EDTA and nisin were synergistic. A combination of 0.3 mM EDTA + nisin at 50 mu g/ml inhibited growth of E. carotovora, E. chrysanthemi, and FI viridiflava by over 70%, and growth of P. fluorescens by 37%. Hot water treatments for 0.3 min at 37 or 49 degrees C reduced survival of bacteria in the presence of EDTA + nisin, but not of EDTA, nisin, or water alone. EDTA + nisin at 37 degrees C reduced CFU/ml of E. carotovora, E. chrysanthemi, P. fluorescens, and P. viridiflava by 2 log units, and at 49 degrees C by 3 log units, compared with the 25 degrees C treatment. Decay of carrot disks inoculated at two inoculum levels (10(3) and 10(4) CFU per disk) with E. carotovora, P. fluorescens, or P. viridiflava was reduced by a 1.5-min immersion in 45 degrees C water, with or without EDTA and nisin additives. Immersion in 0.3 mM EDTA + nisin at 15 to 50 mu g/ml at 45 degrees C reduced decay due to E. carotovora and to P. fluorescens at the lower inoculum level by an average of about 50% compared with water alone at 45 degrees C, but differences were statistically significant only at the 90% level of confidence and no different than a standard chlorine dip, current commercial practice for cut carrot slices. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wells, JM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 82 IS 5 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.5.491 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZJ825 UT WOS:000073257500007 ER PT J AU Lewis, JA Larkin, RP Rogers, DL AF Lewis, JA Larkin, RP Rogers, DL TI A formulation of Trichoderma and Gliocladium to reduce damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani and saprophytic growth of the pathogen in soilless mix SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE biological control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL; VIRENS; FIELD; TOMATO; VIRIDE AB Commercially manufactured cellulose granules (Biodac) were mixed with a sticker and fermentor-produced biomass of isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium virens to produce a formulation in which chlamydospores in the biomass were "activated" with dilute acid. Activation resulted in the formation of young, actively growing hyphae of the biocontrol fungi within a 2- to 3-day period under no special aseptic conditions. Activated Biodac with biomass of isolates Gl-3, Gl-21, and Gl-32 of G. virens and isolate TRI-4 of T. hamatum applied to soilless mix at a rate of 1.5% (wt/wt) reduced damping-off of eggplant caused by Rhizoctonia solani (R-23) and resulted in stands comparable to that (88%) in noninfested soilless mix. Saprophytic growth of the pathogen was also reduced. The application of either of two activated Biodac formulations to provide the same amount (1.5% with 9.4 mg of biomass per g of Biodac or 0.2% with 75.0 mg of biomass per g of Biodac) reduced preemergence damping-off as well as saprophytic growth of R-23. Also, there was about a 10(3)-fold population increase of Gl-3 and TRI-4 in the soilless mix at the time of plant harvest compared with that provided to the soilless mix at the time of formulation addition. Activated Biodac of Gl-3 also reduced the spread of R-23 in soilless mix when the pathogen was applied at specific foci rather than evenly distributed. The inhibition of pathogen spread significantly reduced the postemergence damping-off of cucumber, eggplant, and pepper seedlings. C1 USDA, ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lewis, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jlewis@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 29 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 82 IS 5 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.5.501 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZJ825 UT WOS:000073257500009 ER PT J AU Bruton, BD Fletcher, J Pair, SD Shaw, M Sittertz-Bhatkar, H AF Bruton, BD Fletcher, J Pair, SD Shaw, M Sittertz-Bhatkar, H TI Association of a phloem-limited bacterium with yellow vine disease in cucurbits SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis melo; Cucurbita spp.; insect; vine decline ID SPIROPLASMA-CITRI; ORGANISM; MULTIPLICATION; LETTUCE; LEAF AB Since 1991, a new disease of cucurbits in central Texas and Oklahoma, designated yellow vine, has resulted in the decline and plant death of watermelon, cantaloupe. squash, and pumpkin. Affected plants are characterized by leaf yellowing, phloem discoloration, and plant collapse. Year-to-year variation in disease incidence has ranged from spotty outbreaks to complete crop loss in early-planted watermelon fields. A systematic investigation to determine the causal agent of the disease included pathogen isolation attempts, transmission tests, serological assays with various antisera (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting), and DNA hybridizations with selected probes (dot and Southern blots). None of these tests revealed a consistent relationship between the expression of yellow vine symptoms and the presence of a particular microorganism or virus in the plant. However, transmission electron microscopic examination showed the consistent presence of a bacterium in the phloem sieve elements of symptomatic plants. The rod-shaped bacteria, observed only in symptomatic cucurbits, measured 0.25 to 0.5 mu m in width and 1.0 to 3.0 mu m in length and were surrounded by a triple-layered cell envelope. C1 USDA, ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bruton, BD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM bbruton-usda@lane-ag.org NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 82 IS 5 BP 512 EP 520 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.5.512 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZJ825 UT WOS:000073257500011 ER PT J AU Kyle, DE Nickell, CD Nelson, RL Pedersen, WL AF Kyle, DE Nickell, CD Nelson, RL Pedersen, WL TI Response of soybean accessions from provinces in southern China to Phytophthora sojae SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP-GLYCINEA; REGISTRATION; MEGASPERMA; ROT; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; RACES; CULTIVARS; GENE; ROOT AB Phytophthora rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is a damaging disease of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) throughout the soybean-producing regions of the world. The discovery of new sources of resistance in soybean is vital in maintaining control of Phytophthora rot, because races of the pathogen have been discovered that can attack cultivars with commonly used resistance genes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution and diversity of Phytophthora-resistant soybean in southern China and identify sources that confer resistance to multiple races for implementation into breeding programs. Soybean accessions obtained from southern China were evaluated for their response to races 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 17, 20, and 25 of P. sojae using the hypocotyl inoculation technique in the greenhouse at Urbana, Illinois in 1996 and 1997. Accessions were identified that confer resistant responses to multiple races of the pathogen. These accessions may provide sources of resistance for control of Phytophthora rot of soybean in the future. The majority of the accessions with resistance to eight or more of the ten races tested were from the provinces of Hubei, Jiangsu, and Sichuan in southern China. Based on the evaluated accessions, these provinces appear to be valuable sources of Phytophthora-resistant soybean. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nickell, CD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 82 IS 5 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.5.555 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZJ825 UT WOS:000073257500017 ER PT J AU Hartman, GL Kull, L Huang, YH AF Hartman, GL Kull, L Huang, YH TI Occurrence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean fields in east-central Illinois and enumeration of inocula in soybean seed lots SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE epidemic; white mold ID STEM ROT AB Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of soybean is an important disease in the northern soybean-production areas of the United States. In Illinois, the occurrence of SSR has been limited to the northern-most soybean-production areas. In this study, soybean fields in east-central Illinois were surveyed for incidence of SSR. Of 68 fields surveyed, 31 contained SSR. Of the fields with SSR, 25 had between 1 and 5% SSR incidence, while 6 fields had more than 5% SSR incidence. The pattern of the disease in one field was mapped, and the spatial distribution of SSR was aggregated with a Lloyd's index of 1.4. In addition to field incidence of SSR seed lots suspected of being contaminated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia were obtained from the Illinois Crop Improvement Association. Sclerotia and seeds were separated, and seeds were germinated to determine the level of seedborne infection by S. sclerotiorum. Sclerotia were recovered from 71 of 81 seed lots. Most of the seed lots were from the north-central area of Illinois, but one seed lot was from Madison County in the southwestern area of the state, and three and six seed lots contaminated with sclerotia were from Iowa and Wisconsin, respectively, Sclerotia counts ranged from 0 to 363 per seed lot. Normal-appearing seeds from the 81 seed lots (100 to 200 seeds per lot) were tested for germination and incidence of seedborne infection by S. sclerotiorum. Eight seed lots had at least one infected seed. and the incidence of seed infection ranged from 0.07 to 0.1%. From 10 randomly selected seed lots of the 81, discolored, shriveled seeds were selected and germinated to determine the incidence of seedborne infection. Seed infection rates ranged from 0 to 70%. The occurrence of SSR throughout Illinois and the importance of seedborne infection as a source of inoculum dispersal need further documentation. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 70 WASB,1101 W Peabody, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 82 IS 5 BP 560 EP 564 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.5.560 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZJ825 UT WOS:000073257500018 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Bertrand, PF Parker, ML Meyer, JR Zehr, EI AF Nyczepir, AP Bertrand, PF Parker, ML Meyer, JR Zehr, EI TI Interplanting wheat is not an effective postplant management tactic for Criconemella xenoplax in peach production SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE cultural control; Prunus persica; short life ID TREE SHORT LIFE; SUITABILITY; SURVIVAL; ORCHARD; SOIL AB In two orchard experiments, interplanting wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Stacy) around either newly planted or 4-year-old well-established peach trees did not suppress (P less than or equal to 0.05) the population density of the ring nematode, Criconemella xenoplax, after 3 years. Furthermore, inter planting wheat around newly planted trees reduced tree growth, perhaps the result of competition for water and (or) nutrients. Wheat root exudate was not as attractive to C. xenoplax as peach root exudate, but wheat root exudate did not repel the nematode either. Stacy wheat appeared to be more beneficial as a preplant rather than as a postplant ground cover management tool for suppressing the population density of C. xenoplax. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 82 IS 5 BP 573 EP 577 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.5.573 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZJ825 UT WOS:000073257500021 ER PT J AU Zummo, N Gourley, LM Trevathan, LE Gonzalez, MS Dahlberg, J AF Zummo, N Gourley, LM Trevathan, LE Gonzalez, MS Dahlberg, J TI Occurrence of ergot (sugary disease) incited by a Sphacelia sp. on sorghum in Mississippi in 1997 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Zummo, N (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 82 IS 5 BP 590 EP 590 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.5.590D PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZJ825 UT WOS:000073257500027 ER PT J AU Gebhardt, JS Wadsworth, GJ Matthews, BF AF Gebhardt, JS Wadsworth, GJ Matthews, BF TI Characterization of a single soybean cDNA encoding cytosolic and glyoxysomal isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aspartate aminotransferase; cDNA; glyoxysome; isozyme; peroxisomal targeting signal; soybean ID THIOLASE MESSENGER-RNA; N-TERMINAL PRESEQUENCE; MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; ROOT-NODULES; LUPINUS-ANGUSTIFOLIUS; CITRATE SYNTHASE; CLONING; GENE; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN AB A soybean cDNA clone, pSAT1, which encodes both the cytosolic and glyoxysomal isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT; EC 2.6.1.1) was isolated. Genomic Southern blots and analysis of genomic clones indicated pSAT1 was encoded by a single copy gene. pSAT1 contained an open reading frame with ca. 90% amino acid identity to alfalfa and lupin cytosolic AAT and two in-frame start codons, designated ATG1 and ATG2. Align ment of this protein with other plant cytosolic AAT isozymes revealed a 37 amino acid N-terminal extension with characteristics of a peroxisomal targeting signal, designated PTS2, including the modified consensus sequence RL-X-5-HF. The second start codon ATG2 aligned with previously reported start codons for plant cytosolic AAT cDNAs. Plasmids constructed to express the open reading frame initiated by each of the putative start codons produced proteins with AAT activity in Escherichia coli. Immune serum raised against the pSAT1-encoded protein reacted with three soybean AAT isozymes, AAT1 (glyoxysomal), AAT2 (cytosolic), and AAT3 (subcellular location unknown). We propose the glyoxysomal isozyme AAT1 is produced by translational initiation from ATG1 and the cytosolic isozyme AAT2 is produced by translational initiation from ATG2. N-terminal sequencing of purified AAT1 revealed complete identity with the pSAT1-encoded protein and was consistent with the processing of the PTS2. Analysis of cytosolic AAT genomic sequences from several other plant species revealed conservation of the two in-frame start codons and the PTS2 sequence, suggesting that these other species may utilize a single gene to generate both cytosolic and glyoxysomal or peroxisomal forms of AAT. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Biol, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. RP USDA ARS, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1023/A:1005973019045 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA ZN587 UT WOS:000073660800009 PM 9620268 ER PT J AU Larsen, PB Degenhardt, J Tai, CY Stenzler, LM Howell, SH Kochian, LV AF Larsen, PB Degenhardt, J Tai, CY Stenzler, LM Howell, SH Kochian, LV TI Aluminum-resistant Arabidopsis mutants that exhibit altered patterns of aluminum accumulation and organic acid release from roots SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; GUARD-CELLS; ANION CHANNELS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CALLOSE SYNTHESIS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ION CHANNELS; TOLERANCE; WHEAT; MALATE AB Al-resistant (alr) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were isolated and characterized to gain a better understanding of the genetic and physiological mechanisms of Al resistance, air mutants were identified on the basis of enhanced root growth in the presence of levels of Al that strongly inhibited root growth in wild-type seedlings. Genetic analysis of the air mutants showed that Al resistance was semidominant, and chromosome mapping of the mutants with microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers indicated that the mutants mapped to two sites in the Arabidopsis genome: one locus on chromosome 1 (alr-108, alr-128, alr-131, and alr-139) and another on chromosome 4 (alr-104). Al accumulation in roots of mutant seedlings was studied by staining with the fluorescent Al-indicator dye morin and quantified via inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that the air mutants accumulated lower levels of Al in the root tips compared with wild type. The possibility that the mutants released Alchelating organic acids was examined. The mutants that mapped together on chromosome 1 released greater amounts of citrate or malate (as well as pyruvate) compared with wild type, suggesting that Al exclusion from roots of these air mutants results from enhanced organic acid exudation. Roots of alr-104, on the other hand, did not exhibit increased release of malate or citrate, but did alkalinize the rhizosphere to a greater extent than wild-type roots. A detailed examination of Al resistance in this mutant is described in an accompanying paper (J. Degenhardt, P.B. Larsen, S.H. Howell, L.V. Kochian [1998] Plant Physiol 117: 19-27). C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 42 TC 111 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 117 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1104/pp.117.1.9 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZN584 UT WOS:000073660500002 PM 9576769 ER PT J AU Degenhardt, J Larsen, PB Howell, SH Kochian, LV AF Degenhardt, J Larsen, PB Howell, SH Kochian, LV TI Aluminum resistance in the Arabidopsis mutant alr-104 is caused by an aluminum-induced increase in rhizosphere pH SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; TRAVERSE GROWING ROOTS; NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS; L WHEAT; TOLERANCE; MECHANISMS; CULTIVARS; TOXICITY; APICES; ACID AB A mechanism that confers increased Al resistance in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant alr-104 was investigated. A modified vibrating microelectrode system was used to measure H+ fluxes generated along the surface of small Arabidopsis roots. In the absence of Al, no differences in root H+ fluxes between wild type and alr-104 were detected. However, Al exposure induced a 2-fold increase in net H+ influx in alr-104 localized to the root tip. The increased flux raised the root surface pH of alr-104 by 0.15 unit. A root growth assay was used to assess the Al resistance of alr-104 and wild type in a strongly pH-buffered nutrient solution. Increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.4 to 4.5 significantly increased Al resistance in wild type, which is consistent with the idea that the increased net H+ influx can account for greater Al resistance in alr-104. Differences in Al resistance between wild type and alr-104 disappeared when roots were grown in pH-buffered medium, suggesting that Al resistance in alr-104 is mediated only by pH changes in the rhizosphere. This mutant provides the first evidence, to our knowledge, for an Al-resistance mechanism based on an Al-induced increase in root surface pH. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lvk1@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 42 TC 143 Z9 167 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 117 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1104/pp.117.1.19 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZN584 UT WOS:000073660500003 PM 9576770 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Rath, NC AF Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Rath, NC TI The effects of dexamethasone immunosuppression on turkey osteomyelitis complex in an experimental Escherichia coli respiratory infection SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey osteomyelitis complex; dexamethasone; immunosuppression; Escherichia coli ID GREEN LIVER DISCOLORATION; CHICKENS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; CORTICOSTERONE; RESPONSIVENESS; STRESS AB Six hundred male turkeys were maintained in floor pens for 5 wk at which time half of the birds were given three intramuscular injections of 2 mg/kg BW of dexamethasone (DEX) on alternating days. On the day of the third DEX injection, the left thoracic air sac of each bird was injected with sterile tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) or with TPB containing approximately 1 x 10(2), 1 x 10(3), 1 x 10(4), or 1 x 10(5) cfu of Escherichia coli. All mortalities and birds necropsied at 14 and 15 d postchallenge were scored for air sacculitis/pericarditis (AS) and turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC). Cumulative mortality and AS score were both increased by either DEX treatment or E. coli. Although TOC incidence was significantly increased by the lowest titer of E. call inoculation, increasing the number of bacteria inoculated did not increase TOC incidence due to increased mortality before TOC lesions developed. The DEX treatment by itself increased TOC incidence and there was a synergistic interaction between DEX treatment and E. coli on TOC incidence. Both DEX treatment and E. coli significantly decreased BW. Relative weights of liver, heart, and spleen were significantly increased by both E. coli and DEX, whereas both treatments significantly decreased relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius. The number of positive bacterial isolations from tissue and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were increased by both DEX treatment and E. coli challenge. These results suggest that stress-induced immunosuppression may be involved in the etiology of TOC, and that bacterial respiratory infection can lead to the development of TOC lesions. C1 Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 39 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 77 IS 5 BP 654 EP 661 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZK643 UT WOS:000073345900004 PM 9603351 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Northcutt, JK Lyon, CE Rowland, GN AF Buhr, RJ Northcutt, JK Lyon, CE Rowland, GN TI Influence of time off feed on broiler viscera weight, diameter, and shear SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE time off feed; broiler; viscera weight; intestinal shear; intestinal diameter ID LOWER GUT CONTENTS; WITHDRAWAL; WATER; TRACT; CHICKENS; MEAT AB The influence of time off feed on broiler viscera weight, intestinal diameter, and shear was studied by subjecting market-age male broilers (42, 44, or 48 d) to Incremental feed withdrawal periods (0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h). Body weight was determined prior to feed withdrawal and at the time of processing. After slaughter, scalding, and defeathering, the abdominal cavity was opened. Diameter and shear of the proventriculus-ventriculus junction, jejunum, and ileum segments were measured, as were gallbladder length and width. Thoracic and abdominal viscera, Liver, and ventriculus weights were determined, and liver surface color was measured. Percentage body weight loss increased with longer feed withdrawal periods, as viscera, Liver, and ventriculus weights decreased. Gallbladder length increased with time off feed, whereas its width did not change. Diameter of the proventriculus-ventriculus junction, jejunum, and ileum decreased with longer feed withdrawal periods. Shear values for the proventriculus-ventriculus junction, jejunum, and ileum were not influenced by time off feed. Positive correlations (P < 0.05 and r > 0.4) between viscera weight and intestinal diameter were detected. Correlations between all measured parameters and sheer values were not significant. Liver color measurements indicated that longer Seed withdrawal periods resulted in significant linear decreases in L* (Lightness), +a* (redness), and +b* (yellowness). Longer feed withdrawal periods decreased viscera weight and intestinal diameter, which would lower the potential for cutting the intestine during automated evisceration. However, the resulting greater gallbladder length (5 mm) would increase the possibility of bile contamination during evisceration. C1 USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Buhr, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 77 IS 5 BP 758 EP 764 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZK643 UT WOS:000073345900019 PM 9603366 ER PT J AU Hsu, LKG Benotti, PN Dwyer, J Roberts, SB Saltzman, E Shikora, S Rolls, BJ Rand, W AF Hsu, LKG Benotti, PN Dwyer, J Roberts, SB Saltzman, E Shikora, S Rolls, BJ Rand, W TI Nonsurgical factors that influence the outcome of bariatric surgery: A review SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE bariatric surgery; eating disturbance; energy metabolism; psychosocial outcome; weight regain ID VERTICAL BANDED GASTROPLASTY; BINGE-EATING DISORDER; TERM WEIGHT-LOSS; GREENVILLE GASTRIC BYPASS; MORBID-OBESITY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; LONG-TERM; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; BODY-WEIGHT; PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS AB Objective: Severe obesity tie, at least 100% overweight or body mass index greater than or equal to 40 kg/m(2)) is associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. It is apparently becoming more common in this country. Conventional weight-loss treatments are usually ineffective for severe obesity and bariatric surgery is recommended as a treatment option. However, longitudinal data on the long-term outcome of bariatric surgery are sparse. Available data indicate that the outcome of bariatric surgery, although usually favorable in the short term, is variable and weight regain sometimes occurs at 2 years after surgery. The objective of this study is to present a review of the outcome of bariatric surgery in three areas: weight loss and improvement in health status, changes in eating behavior, and psychosocial adjustment. The study will also review how eating behavior, energy metabolism, and psychosocial functioning may affect the outcome of bariatric surgery. Suggestions for additional research in these areas are made. Method: Literature review. Results: On average, most patients lose 60% of excess weight after gastric bypass and 40% after vertical banded gastroplasty. In about 30% of patients, weight regain occurs at 18 months to 2 years after surgery. Binge eating behavior, which is common among the morbidly obese, may recur after surgery and is associated with weight regain. Energy metabolism may affect the outcome of bariatric surgery, but it has not been systematically studied in this population. Presurgery psychosocial functioning does not seem to affect the outcome of surgery, and psychosocial outcome is generally encouraging over the short term, but there are reports of poor adjustment after weight loss, including alcohol abuse and suicide. Conclusions: Factors leading to poor outcome of bariatric surgery, such as binge eating and lowered energy metabolism, should be studied to improve patient selection and outcome. Long-term outcome data on psychosocial functioning are lacking. Longitudinal studies to examine the long-term outcome of bariatric surgery and the prognostic indicators are needed. C1 New England Med Ctr, Obes Consult Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Biometry, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Eating Disorders Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Surg, New York, NY USA. Englewood Hosp & Med Ctr, Englewood, NJ USA. Penn State Univ, Guthrie Chair Nutr, State Coll, PA USA. Penn State Univ, Lab Study Human Ingest Behav, State Coll, PA USA. RP Hsu, LKG (reprint author), New England Med Ctr, Obes Consult Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Box 1007,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NIMH NIH HHS [1R01 MH/DK54092-01A3] NR 120 TC 243 Z9 255 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 60 IS 3 BP 338 EP 346 PG 9 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA ZP508 UT WOS:000073760500016 PM 9625222 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Zhan, X Schmugge, TJ AF Kustas, WP Zhan, X Schmugge, TJ TI Combining optical and microwave remote sensing for mapping energy fluxes in a semiarid watershed SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL SURFACE FLUXES; NET-RADIATION RATIO; VEGETATION INDEXES; SOIL-MOISTURE; MONSOON 90; LAND SURFACES; SENSED DATA; RANGELANDS; EVAPORATION; TEMPERATURE AB A dual-source model treating the energy balance of the soil/substrate and vegetation that was developed to use radiometric diometric surface temperature observations is revised to use remotely sensed near-surface moisture from a passive microwave sensor for estimating the soil surface energy balance. With remotely sensed images of near-surface soil moisture, land cover classification, and leaf area index, the model is applied over a semiarid area in the Walnut Gulch Watershed in southern Arizona. The spatial and temporal variation of the Bowen ratio (i.e., the ratio of the turbulent fluxes, sensible, and Intent heat) "maps" generated by the model ere similar to the changes in near-surface moisture fields caused by recent precipitation events in the study area. The estimated fluxes at the time of the microwave observations (i.e., "instantaneous" estimates) and those simulated over the daytime period are compared with the ground observations within the watershed. Differences between predicted and observed "instantaneous" fluxes were usually comparable to the measurement uncertainties, namely, 5% for net radiation and 20-30% for soil, sensible and latent heat fluxes, except when there was large temporal and spatial variations in solar radiation across the study area. However by running the model over the daytime period, this variability in solar radiation proved to have a minor effect on computed daytime totals. In fact, differences with observed heat fluxes were significantly less (i.e., around 15%) than when comparing "instantaneous" values. Model predictions of the total soil heat flux over the daytime period were generally higher than measured. An empirical model was developed to reduce this bias, but it is not known how generally applicable it will be. Model sensitivity to typical uncertainties in remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) and near-surface (0-5 cm) water col?tent, W was quantified. The variation in flux predictions caused by errors in prescribing leaf area index and W was less than 30%. More tests with this model over different landscapes are necessary to evaluate its potential for predicting,a regional fluxes, lit particular, microwave and radiometric surface temperature observations are needed under drought conditions for evaluating if the model formulation of vegetation transpiration can properly adjust to this extreme and very important environmental condition. Published by Elsevier Science Inc., 1998. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010 NR 39 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 64 IS 2 BP 116 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00176-4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ZG045 UT WOS:000072960100001 ER PT J AU Daughtry, CST Walthall, CL AF Daughtry, CST Walthall, CL TI Spectral discrimination of Cannabis sativa L. leaves and canopies SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LIGHT REFLECTANCE; LEAF REFLECTANCE; TRANSMITTANCE; RED AB The growing of marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) on public lands poses problems to the environment and the public. Remote sensing offers a potential way of monitoring public lands for the production of marijuana. However, very little information on the spectral properties of marijuana is available in the scientific literature. Our objectives were to 1) characterize the spectral properties of the leaves of marijuana and various other plants that occur where marijuana is grown in the eastern United States, 2) simulate canopy reflectance, and 3) identify wavebands for discriminating marijuana from other plants. In a series of replicated field experiments, the basic factors affecting marijuana growth and reflectance, including planting data, plant density, and N-fertilization were varied. Leaf optical properties were measured periodically during the growing season with a spectroradiometer and integrating sphere. As N-fertilization rate decreased, the marijuana plants produced leaves with lower chlorophyll concentrations and higher reflectance values in the visible wavelength region, particularly at 550 nm. The reflectance spectra of the herbaceous dicot species examined were very similar to the spectrum of marijuana. The reflectance spectra of the monocots and the trees differed significantly from the spectrum of marijuana, particularly in the green and near-infrared wavelength regions. Canopy reflectance spectra of marijuana and several representative species were simulated for a wide range of LAI and background reflectances. Major differences in canopy reflectance of marijuana and other plants were observed near 550 nm, 720 nm, and 800 nm. Dense canopies of marijuana were more spectrally discriminable from other vegetation than sparse canopies. Thus, based on measured leaf spectra and simulated canopy reflectance spectra, we would choose several relatively narrow (i.e., 30 nm or less) spectral bands in the green (550 nm), red (670 nm), "red edge" (720 nm), and the near-infrared (800 nm) to discriminate marijuana leaves and canopies from other species. Much of the leaf spectral information is also available in the canopy reflectance data. Published by Elsevier Science Inc., 1998. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Daughtry, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI 黄, 建荣/B-8070-2011 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 64 IS 2 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00002-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ZG045 UT WOS:000072960100006 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ Buckley, SA Genovese, KJ Harvey, RB Deloach, JR Keith, NK Stanker, LH AF Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ Buckley, SA Genovese, KJ Harvey, RB Deloach, JR Keith, NK Stanker, LH TI Experimental and natural infection of early weaned pigs with Salmonella choleraesuis SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SWINE AB A model for experimental and natural infection of early weaned pigs with Salmonella choleraesuis, the aetiologic agent of swine paratyphoid, has been developed. An oral dose of 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) of S choleraesuis caused 100 per cent infection of 10 pigs inoculated, as indicated by recovery of the challenge organism from ileocolic lymph nodes collected at necropsy seven days post challenge. Seven of the pigs were observed shedding S choleraesuis at least once post S choleraesuis challenge. The cumulative incidence of shedding was 30 per cent and was sufficient to infect four of 10 pigs exposed naturally. Oral challenges with less than 10(8) cfu S choleraesuis were less effective in infecting early weaned pigs and did not result in natural transmission. C1 Milk Special Co, Biosci Div, Dundee, IL 60118 USA. ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Keith Associates, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 64 IS 3 BP 261 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0034-5288(98)90136-9 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZZ911 UT WOS:000074781800016 PM 9690614 ER PT J AU Wang, S Maciulis, A Holyoak, GR Foote, WC Clark, W Bunch, TD AF Wang, S Maciulis, A Holyoak, GR Foote, WC Clark, W Bunch, TD TI A test of EcoRI and HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphisms in assessing susceptibility for scrapie in US Suffolk sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE scrapie; Suffolk; RFLP ID FIBRIL PROTEIN PRP; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRION PROTEIN; CHEVIOT SHEEP; SIP GENE; ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE; ALLELES; CODON-136; AGENT AB We investigated the distribution of EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and tested EcoRI and HindIII RFLPs to ascertain the occurrence of scrapie in Suffolk sheep. Genomic DNA samples were collected from 527 animals and typed for EcoRI RFLP by Southern blot analysis using the PrP gene clone probe (pNPU42). The average el frequency in Suffolk sheep was 64.4% and ranged from 51.5 to 82.2%, which was significantly higher than the average in Cheviot (32.3%) and Rambouillet sheep (17.7%). The association of histopathologic diagnosis with RFLPs was investigated using 82 animals exposed orally with scrapie inoculum in a double-blind, retrospective experimental design. There was a significant (P < 0.01) association between EcoRI RFLP and scrapie histopathologic diagnosis in Suffolk sheep with the ele1 genotype. The use of the EcoRI RFLP phenotype for scrapie-diagnosis, however, was inconsistent for some individual cases. HindIII-produced RFLPs was not significantly related to scrapie diagnosis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Persons Disabil, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Scrapie Invest Ctr, Mission, TX 78572 USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 28 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(97)00076-X PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZM604 UT WOS:000073556800004 ER PT J AU Hatfield, PG Hopkins, JA Ramsey, WS Gilmore, A AF Hatfield, PG Hopkins, JA Ramsey, WS Gilmore, A TI Effects of level of protein and type of molasses on digests kinetics and blood metabolites in sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE digestion; particulate passage; VFA; soybean meal; molasses ID WOOD SUGAR CONCENTRATE; SOYBEAN-MEAL; FEEDLOT CATTLE; FEEDING VALUE; PASSAGE; STEERS; SUPPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; CHROMIUM AB Eight ruminally fistulated wethers were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square to investigate the effects of level of dietary protein (10 or 18%) and type of molasses (BM-sugarbeet molasses, or WSC-wood sugar molasses) on digesta kinetics and blood metabolites in sheep. Wethers were fed a basal diet of 70% chopped prairie hay: 30% chopped barley straw (forage) and one of four treatment diets. Treatments were: (1) 10% CP and WSC, (2) 10% CP and BM, (3) 18% CP and WSC, and (4) 18% CP and BM. Diets were formulated to be iso-caloric using barley in the low protein diets to balance for energy. Soybean meal (SBM) was fed to meet the 10% CP and 18% CP protein treatments. Response variables included in vivo and in situ digestion, SBM and forage digesta kinetics, ruminal VFA concentrations, and blood metabolites. Lambs fed WSC tended (P = 0.11) to have greater IVDMD, ruminal isobutyrate, and valerate than lambs fed BM. In situ SBM and forage rate of digestion, particulate passage rates, retention time, intestinal transit time, total VFA concentration and acetate:propionate ratio did not differ between types of molasses (P > 0.20), Lambs fed the 18% CP diets consumed more feed, had a more rapid rate of SBM in situ digestion, lower ruminal pH, faster SBM and forage particulate passage, and lower SBM and forage retention time than lambs fed the 10% CP diet (P < 0.10). Total and individual VFA concentration were greater (P = 0.001) in lambs fed the 18% CP diet than lambs fed the 10% CP diet. Aspartate aminotransferase was greater in lambs fed BM than lambs fed WSC. Blood levels of creatinine, chloride, calcium, protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and cholesterol were lower(P < 0.11), and triglycerides and blood urea nitrogen higher(P = 0.01) in lambs fed the 18% CP diet than those fed the 10% CP diet. Level of dietary protein exerts much greater influence on digestibility and blood metabolites than type of molasses. However, WSC appears to be a suitable replacement for BM given equal price structure. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. JR Simplot, Caldwell, ID 83606 USA. RP Hatfield, PG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 28 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(97)00085-0 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZM604 UT WOS:000073556800008 ER PT J AU Burkhead, KD Slininger, PJ Schisler, DA AF Burkhead, KD Slininger, PJ Schisler, DA TI Biological control bacterium Enterobacter cloacae S11 : T : 07 (NRRL B-21050) produces the antifungal compound phenylacetic acid in Sabouraud maltose broth culture SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM; DRY ROT; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; POTATO-TUBERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; THIABENDAZOLE; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; SOLANI C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Burkhead, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 30 IS 5 BP 665 EP 667 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00170-3 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZQ588 UT WOS:000073883100013 ER PT J AU Engelkes, CA Fravel, DR AF Engelkes, CA Fravel, DR TI Procedure for electrophoretic analysis of proteins from metham sodium treated microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; BIOCONTROL C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fravel, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 275, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 30 IS 5 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00161-2 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZQ588 UT WOS:000073883100014 ER PT J AU Truman, CC Leonard, RA Davis, FM AF Truman, CC Leonard, RA Davis, FM TI GLEAMS-TC: A two-compartment model for simulating temperature and soil water content effects on pesticide losses SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE runoff; persistence; GLEAMS; sediment; sorption ID PERSISTENCE; ZONE; GROUNDWATER AB Many pesticide fate and transport models, including the GLEAMS model, overestimate pesticide degradation during its later stages of residence in soil. Except for runoff events shortly after pesticide application, models using equilibrium sorption kinetics often underestimate sediment-transported pesticides. To address concerns about transport of low levels of pesticides by runoff to sensitive ecosystems over annual or longer time cycles, GLEAMS was modified using a two-compartment pesticide-state model and algorithms for adjustment of degradation rates for temperature and soil water contents. Two pesticide pools, labile and nonlabile, were linked using first-order kinetics, with the forward and reverse rate constants between these pools as the only two additional inputs required for the model, GLEAMS-TC. GLEAMS-TC was calibrated successfully using 3 years of field data, Long-term pesticide persistence in soil was represented. Comparing model predictions with observed data, GLEAMS-TC simulated observed pesticide sediment transport, whereas GLEAMS underestimated observed data by a factor of 4., Sensitivity to rates of pesticide exchange between the two pools and impact on runoff losses were demonstrated with 50-year simulations. GLEAMS-TC is a research tool for investigating changes in pesticide state in soils as a function of exposure time, environmental variables, and interrelationships between pesticide degradation, mobility, and fate and transport in the environment. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Truman, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 163 IS 5 BP 362 EP 373 DI 10.1097/00010694-199805000-00004 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZQ070 UT WOS:000073818400004 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA Prior, SA Rogers, HH Runion, GB AF Torbert, HA Prior, SA Rogers, HH Runion, GB TI Crop residue decomposition as affected by growth under elevated atmospheric CO2 SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics; Glycine Max; Sorghum bicolor; residue decomposition ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; LITTER QUALITY; NITROGEN; ENRICHMENT; SORGHUM AB Increasing atmospheric CO2 level has led to concerns about process changes in the biosphere. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration has been Shown to increase plant biomass, resulting in greater amounts of residue returned to soil. However, the effects on long-term storage of C in soil are highly debated. Changes in both quantity and quality of plant residue, as well as residue management, may alter soil C and N dynamics that will, in turn, affect the ability of soil to store C. Plant residues were collected from an experiment using open top chambers to increase CO2 levels under field conditions. A soil incubation study was conducted with a Blanton loamy sand (loamy siliceous, thermic, Grossarenic Paleudults) to examine the effect of residue additions to two crop species (soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. and grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), grown at two CO2 concentrations (ambient and twice ambient), and two incorporation treatments (incorporated or surface placement) on potential C and N mineralization. The difference in biomass inputs between plants grown in ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 was also considered. Simulated residue incorporation reduced inorganic N concentration but had no effect on C mineralization. Both inorganic N content and C mineralization were higher with soybean than with grain sorghum. Although changes to both plant residue quality and quantity caused by elevated CO2 concentration affected C cycling in soil, residue quality may be more important for determining C storage. Nitrogen cycling in soil may be a controlling factor for C storage in terrestrial ecosystems. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM torbert@brcsunO.tamu.edu NR 26 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 163 IS 5 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1097/00010694-199805000-00009 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZQ070 UT WOS:000073818400009 ER PT J AU Wagner, SW Hanson, JD Olness, A Voorhees, WB AF Wagner, SW Hanson, JD Olness, A Voorhees, WB TI A volumetric inorganic carbon analysis system SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Measurement of soil organic carbon (OC) is slow and expensive when inorganic carbon (TC) is present. Our objective was to develop an automated volumetric IC analysis system, thus allowing OC to be determined by difference, The system was developed by combining a pressure transducer with a personal computer (PC), data acquisition board, and appropriately developed software. The volumetric system was compared with combustion, neutralization, and sum of Ca + Mg techniques for samples containing up to 60 g kg(-1) IC, Correlations between methods showed linear agreement (r(2) greater than or equal to 0.994). The volumetric system was more precise for relatively low IC amounts (2.0 g kg(-1)) and could process 20 samples h(-1). C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Wagner, SW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 7 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 3 BP 690 EP 693 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ128 UT WOS:000074698500021 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Cochran, B Fosberg, MA AF Blank, RR Cochran, B Fosberg, MA TI Duripans of southwestern Idaho: Polygenesis during the quaternary deduced through micromorphology SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; LOESS; USA; PEDOGENESIS; ARIDISOLS; GENESIS; NEVADA; DESERT; BASIN; MODEL AB There is uncertainty regarding the pedogenesis of duripans on the Owyhee Plateau of southwestern Idaho. Micromorphology was used to deduce the role of polygenesis in their formation. Data suggest that during the Pleistocene, duripans were cyclically subaerially exposed, then recovered by eolian dust. Two lines of evidence indicate past duripan exposure. First, sinuous laminar fabrics with lenticular voids, which occur within most duripan plates, are similar to the fabrics produced in arid regions by the action of lichens and cyanobacteria at the soil surface. Second, a laterally extensive air-fall tephra layer in the middle of a duripan plate was deposited at one sampling location, indicating the duripan or protoduripan was exposed at the ground surface. A suggested model to explain the data is as follows: (i) during cold stages of the Quaternary, periglacial processes, possibly assisted by eolian deflation, caused the truncation of loose soil material overlying the duripan; (ii) cryptogamic: organisms then colonized the exposed duripan surface and produced distinctive fabrics; (iii) in response to the increased production and delivery of eolian dust during interglacials, the duripan was recovered. Pedogenesis during interglacial times resulted in precipitation of CaCO3, thereby thickening the upward-developing duripan and preserving micromorphological signatures of subaerial exposure. At higher elevations in this region, large-scale removal of unconsolidated soil may have occurred during full glacial stages of the middle and earlier Pleistocene. Maximal development of duripans may require polygenesis. C1 ARS, USDA, Ecol Temp Desert Rangelands Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Agr, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Walla Walla Community Coll, Dept Geol, Clarkston, WA 99403 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ecol Temp Desert Rangelands Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@scs.unr.edu NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 3 BP 701 EP 709 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ128 UT WOS:000074698500024 ER PT J AU Xu, C Shaffer, MJ Al-kaisi, M AF Xu, C Shaffer, MJ Al-kaisi, M TI Simulating the impact of management practices on nitrous oxide emissions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL NITRATE; MODEL; DENITRIFICATION AB Effective evaluation of alternative management strategies to control global warming requires tools for simulating emissions of N(2)O from soils across a range of soil properties, weather, and management inputs. We hypothesized that with modification to the nitrification and denitrification submodels of the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model, we could simulate daily N(2)O emissions as a function of soil moisture, temperature, N content, and other factors. Field parameterization was conducted on an Ulm clay loam soil (a fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Ustollic Haplargid) and validation experiments for N(2)O gas emissions were performed on an on farm swine effluent study site on a Valent sandy soil (a mixed, mesic Ustic Torripsamment). The unitless model parameters reflecting the maximum fraction of selected N transformations emitted as N(2)O for nitrification (alpha(N)), wet-period denitrification (alpha(w)), and dry-period denitrifiation (alpha(d)) were calibrated as 0.065, 0.050, and 0.520 separately and then used in the validation study. The trends and magnitudes of simulated N(2)O emissions were statistically consistent,vith the results obtained from the field experiments (r = 0.78). Experimental results showed that the decline of N(2)O emission rates from 70 to 2 g N ha(-1) d(-1) during the growing season was related to soil N content decline from 33 to 4 mg kg(-1). Simulated effects of field management on annual N(2)O emissions indicated that plowing decreased N(2)O relative to notillage corn (Zea mays L.), irrigation increased N(2)O 14% relative to dry-land corn, and doubling fertilization N rates from 100 to 200 kg ha(-1) increased N(2)O emissions 60%. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Xu, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB E,301 S Howes, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM xu@gpsr.colostate.edu NR 32 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 3 BP 736 EP 742 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ128 UT WOS:000074698500029 ER PT J AU Baffaut, C Nearing, MA Govers, G AF Baffaut, C Nearing, MA Govers, G TI Statistical distributions of soil loss from runoff plots and WEPP model simulations SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY AB Soil conservation measures may be better designed with the knowledge of daily distributions of erosion. Collecting reliable data to determine daily erosion distributions is costly; however, new process-based soil erosion models have the potential to simulate extended records. The objectives of this study were to analyze frequency distributions of measured daily soil loss values and to determine if the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model accurately reproduced statistical distributions of the measured daily erosion series. A Log-Pearson Type III (LP III) distribution was fitted to measured and WEPP-predicted soil loss values from six sites for periods ranging from 6 to 10 yr. Cumulative soil loss as a function of storm recurrence interval was used to show the relative contributions of large and small storms to total soil loss at each site. Results showed that both measured and predicted frequency curves fell within the 95% confidence range of the LP III distributions. This was true both using weather data from the site for the period of monitoring as well as when using synthetic weather series generated with the CLIGEN model. Thus the results were encouraging in terms of using WEPP in conjunction with CLIGEN to generate long term daily soil loss frequency distributions, which can contribute toward alleviating the problem of having only a short monitoring period for measured erosion. Cumulative soil loss results indicated that large storms contributed a major portion of the erosion under conditions where cover was high, but not necessarily under conditions of low cover. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Expt Geomorphol Phys & Reg Geog, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Govers, Gerard/A-8298-2008 OI Govers, Gerard/0000-0001-9884-4778 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 3 BP 756 EP 763 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ128 UT WOS:000074698500032 ER PT J AU Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, Y Snyder, VA Bryant, RB AF Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, Y Snyder, VA Bryant, RB TI Spatial and temporal variability of corn grain yield on a hillslope SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL PROPERTIES; SPECTRAL RELATIONSHIPS; LANDSCAPE POSITION; DENSITY; WHEAT; WATER; MICROTOPOGRAPHY; CORNFIELD; THICKNESS; HORIZON AB The purpose of this study was to relate the temporal and spatial variability of corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield on a Typic Fragiochrept soil on a hillslope to soil properties and topographic features. Corn grain yields were sampled from a field that measured 280 by 150 m using a grid and five transects. One-hundred forty yield measurements were taken on the grid (1983-1985) and 190 measurements on the transects (1984 and 1985) from plots 5.3 m long and two corn rows wide. Measurements of soil surface elevation, soil organic matter (OM), P, and K contents were also taken at the grid plot locations. These data were analyzed using the methods of spectral analysis. Yield spatial and temporal variability was strongly related to surface undulations and the value of surface curvature was found to be a useful parameter to quantify variations in topography. The intra annual differences in weather had the largest effect on grain yield at locations where the magnitude of curvature was large. Where the magnitude of curvature was small, the correlations of yield for the wet (1984) and dry (1985) years were highly significant. Yields correlated with soil P, K, and OM only in the dry year, 1985. Yields in the relatively dry years (1983 and 1985) correlated with depth to fragipan. Elevation data helped us interpret the spatial and temporal variability of grain yield by separation of areas with convex curvature from areas with concave curvature. C1 ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Bot, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Agr Sci, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Soil Crop & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Timlin, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 008,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dtimlin@asrr.arsusda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 31 TC 94 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 3 BP 764 EP 773 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ128 UT WOS:000074698500033 ER PT J AU Sharratt, B Voorhees, W McIntosh, G Lemme, G AF Sharratt, B Voorhees, W McIntosh, G Lemme, G TI Persistence of soil structural modifications along a historic wagon trail SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HIGH AXLE LOAD; SUBSOIL COMPACTION; TILLAGE; VEHICLES AB Wagon wheel ruts are still visible along pioneer trails in the USA, which suggests that vehicular traffic can modify soil properties for a century. We compared physical properties of a Barnes loam (fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploboroll) across three transects of the 1864 to 1871 Wadsworth Trail. Compaction was evident within wheel ruts of the trail, as penetration resistance and bulk density mere 10% greater and water infiltration and air permeability were 50% lower within the wheel ruts than outside the trail. Erosion was also apparent within the wheel ruts, as the greater density could not fully account for the thinner A horizon (60 mm), Our investigation suggests that degradation of soil properties caused by compaction or erosion from wagon wheel or animal traffic may persist for >100 yr, This information underscores the importance that agricultural practices must minimize soil loss or compaction. C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM bsharratt@mail.mrsars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 3 BP 774 EP 777 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ128 UT WOS:000074698500034 ER PT J AU Homann, PS Sollins, P Fiorella, M Thorson, T Kern, JS AF Homann, PS Sollins, P Fiorella, M Thorson, T Kern, JS TI Regional soil organic carbon storage estimates for western Oregon by multiple approaches SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FOREST FLOOR; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; POOLS; CULTIVATION; CLIMATE; WORLD; MODEL; MAPS AB Soil is an important factor in regional and global C budgets because it serves as a reservoir of large amounts of organic C. In our study, we compared six approaches of estimating soil organic C (kg C m(-2), not including the surface organic horizon, hereafter called soil C) and its spatial pattern in the mountainous, largely forested western Oregon region. The approaches were (i) USDA NRCS pedons, (ii) other pedons, (iii) the State Soil Geographic Data Base (STATSGO), (iv) the United Nations Soil Map of the World, (v) the National Soil Geographic Data Base (NATSGO), and (vi) an ecosystem-complex map. Agreement between approaches varied with scale. For the entire region (10(5) km(2)), estimates of average soil C varied from 4.3 to 6.8 kg C m-2 for the 0- to 20-cm depth and from 12.1 to 16.9 kg C m(-2) for the 0 to 100-cm depth. At the subregional scale (approximate to 10(4) km(2)), all approaches indicated higher soil C in the coastal area than in the inland southern area, but relative amounts in other subregions varied among the approaches. At the subsubregional scale (approximate to 10(3) km(2)), soil C was consistent between individual STATSGO map units and NRCS pedons within those map units, hut there was less agreement with other pedons. Rigorous testing of soil-C maps requires data from pedons that are located by objective criteria, in contrast to the subjectively located pedons now available. The uncertainty associated with regional soil-C amounts and spatial patterns should be considered when soil-C maps are integrated into regional or global assessments of physical and biotic processes because simulation-model outputs may be sensitive to soil C. C1 Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll, Ctr Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, NRCS, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Dynam Corp, US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Homann, PS (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll, Ctr Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM homann@cc.wwu.edu NR 39 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 3 BP 789 EP 796 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ128 UT WOS:000074698500037 ER PT J AU Brejda, JJ AF Brejda, JJ TI Factor analysis of nutrient distribution patterns under shrub live-oak in two contrasting soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In shrub-dominated ecosystems, many soil properties are correlated, confounding changes in nutrient distribution associated with soils and shrub canopies. The objectives of this research were to: (i) identify underlying patterns in soil properties using factor analysis, and (ii) analyze factor scores to determine how the factor patterns varied between soils, canopy covers, and depth. White House (fine, mixed, thermic Ustic Haplargid) and Romero (loamy-skeletal, mixed, nonacid, thermic, shallow Ustic Torriorthent) soils were sampled at 0- to 4- and 4- to 8-cm depths under shrub live-oak (Quercus turbinella Greene) canopies and adjacent open areas and analyzed for sand, silt, and clay contents, ration exchange capacity (CEC), pH, organic C, total N, extractable P, and exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg. A threefactor model accounted for 81.2% of the total variation in the data. The first factor had high positive loadings on organic C, total N, and extractable P, and represented aggrading soil processes produced by accumulated litter and organic matter under shrubs. The second factor had high positive loadings on silt and clay contents and exchangeable K, had high negative loading on sand content, and was influenced by textural changes resulting horn the interaction between shrub canopies and the two soils. The third factor had high positive loadings on exchangeable Ca, Mg, and CEC, and varied significantly between the two soils but was not affected by the presence of shrub live-oak canopies. Factor analysis provided a statistical tool for grouping the 11 correlated soil variables into three uncorrelated factors. Analysis of factor scores allowed independent assessment of soils, shrub cover, depth, and their interactions on soil properties. C1 USDA, NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brejda, JJ (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 3 BP 805 EP 809 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ128 UT WOS:000074698500039 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, LA Conway, H Ferguson, SA AF Rasmussen, LA Conway, H Ferguson, SA TI Estimation of atmospheric transmittance from upper-air humidity SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; CLIMATE AB A very simple model of atmospheric transmittance uses as its input regularly observed and archived measures of upper air humidity. The five model parameters were determined empirically to optimize the agreement with radiation measured at six sites in the northwestern contiguous U.S. in summer and winter 1990. The model uses the relative humidity at 500 hPa, the relative humidity at either 950 hPa or 800 hPa depending on the altitude of the station, and the precipitable water. Although the model does not use cloud observations explicitly, it is partitioned into a low-humidity stage and a high-humidity stage with markedly different dependences on relative humidity. In the low-humidity stage the transmittance is approximated as the product of factors for dry air and for water vapor. In the high-humidity stage the transmittance is the product of the transmittances of each of the two layers used; the product is a strongly decreasing function of relative humidity, as a representation of the effect of cloud. A split-sample test using measurements for spring and autumn indicated that the model parameters were not badly distorted by conditions unique to the summer and winter seasons. In terms of the average daily global shortwave radiation received at the surface, the rms errors are 31 W m(-2) in spring, 33 in summer, 30 in autumn, and 18 in winter. The corresponding relative errors are 0.25, 0.17, 0.20, and 0.31. Because of high-frequency temporal variation in the model residuals, the error declines to about half of the daily error for 7-day averages and to about a quarter of the daily error for 30-day averages. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Serv Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Rasmussen, LA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD MAY PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(98)00013-9 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA ZX690 UT WOS:000074544200005 ER PT J AU Rego, AA de Chambrier, A Hanzelova, V Hoberg, E Scholz, T Weekes, P Zehnder, M AF Rego, AA de Chambrier, A Hanzelova, V Hoberg, E Scholz, T Weekes, P Zehnder, M TI Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of subfamilies of the Proteocephalidea (Eucestoda) SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop for Tapeworm Systematics CY OCT 02-06, 1996 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NEBRASKA HO UNIV NEBRASKA ID N-SP CESTODA; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; NEOTROPICAL SNAKES; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; 1900 CESTODA; 1911 CESTODA; 1ST RECORD; LA-RUE; PARASITE; PARAGUAY AB Cladistic analysis based on comparative morphology was used to examine the subfamily-level relationships within the cestode order Proteocephalidea. A single most parsimonious tree (70 steps, CI = 0.571; RC = 0.295; HI = 0.471) is consistent with monophyly for the Proteocephalidea and showed a relatively high consistency at the family level with the diagnosis of two major subclades. Unambiguous support for a Proteocephalidae subclade, including the Corallobothriinae, Proteocephalinae, Gangesiinae and Sandonellinae, and a Monticelliidae subclade, including the Marsypocephalinae, Zygobothriinae, Monticelliinae, Rudolphiellinae, Ephedrocephalinae and Othinoscolecinae was evident. Two subfamilies, the Acanthotaeniinae (historically in the Proteocephalidae) and Nupeliinae (historically in the Monticelliidae), were however, basal to all other subfamilies, indicating that neither family as currently conceived is monophyletic. Trees one or two steps longer, however, would be consistent with monophyly for the Proteocephalidae and Monticelliidae (excluding Acanthotaeniinae) or would result in the monophyly for both families, including all respective subfamilies congruent with current concepts for systematics of the order. Zoogeographical analysis demonstrated a strong Gondwanan association; proteocephalideans originated in Africa, with subsequent development linking Africa and South America. Colonisation of the Northern Hemisphere by proteocephalid subfamilies, the Proteocephalinae, Corallobothriinae and Gangesiinae, was secondary. Analysis of parasite-host relationships indicated that the basal hosts for the Proteocephalidea are equivocal; siluriform teleosts were, however, the basal hosts for the Nupeliinae + the Monticeiliidae and Proteocephalidae subclades and an extensive co-evolutionary history with this host group is postulated. Independent colonisation events of reptilians by species of the Proteocephalinae and Acanthotaeniinae, non-siluriform teleosts associated with the Sandonellinae and some Proteocephalinae, and amphibians by some Proteocephalinae, are recognised. Some points which should be considered for further development of the systematics of the group are proposed, with special emphasis given to thorough morphological descriptions and investigations of Life-cycles. C1 Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Helminthol, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Museum Hist Nat, Dept Invertebrates, CH-1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Parasitol, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. USDA, ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Parasitol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Communicable Dis Ctr, Porirua, New Zealand. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Rego, AA (reprint author), Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Helminthol, POB 926, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Scholz, Tomas/G-8360-2014 NR 80 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1023/A:1005903506363 PG 19 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZU057 UT WOS:000074156900001 ER PT J AU Johansson, A Fellers, C Gunderson, D Haugen, U AF Johansson, A Fellers, C Gunderson, D Haugen, U TI Paper friction - influence of measurement conditions SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE equipment; friction; measurement; paper; static electricity; STFI; test equipment; test facilities; variables AB An apparatus was constructed to study the factors influencing measurement of paper friction. The apparatus consists of a sled that slides on a horizontal table. Studies of paper friction using this apparatus revealed that: The paper surfaces must not be touched by hand or otherwise contaminated. The hardness of the backing must be specified. The sled must be lowered into position without any movement on the table surface. A guidance system is required to keep the orientation of the sled parallel to the table. Applied force must be built up slowly until the sled begins to slide. The sled should then slide at a constant speed without wobbling. Measurement of kinetic friction requires a rigid apparatus to avoid the stick-slip phenomenon. C1 Swedish Pulp & Paper Res Inst, S-11486 Stockholm, Sweden. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. SCA Packaging Munksund AB, S-94187 Pitea, Sweden. RP Johansson, A (reprint author), Swedish Pulp & Paper Res Inst, POB 5604, S-11486 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 81 IS 5 BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA ZM761 UT WOS:000073573200018 ER PT J AU Helgeson, JP Pohlman, JD Austin, S Haberlach, GT Wielgus, SM Ronis, D Zambolim, L Tooley, P McGrath, JM James, RV Stevenson, WR AF Helgeson, JP Pohlman, JD Austin, S Haberlach, GT Wielgus, SM Ronis, D Zambolim, L Tooley, P McGrath, JM James, RV Stevenson, WR TI Somatic hybrids between Solanum bulbocastanum and potato: a new source of resistance to late blight SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE somatic hybrid; Solanum bulbocastanum; Solanum tuberosum; late blight; Phytophthora infestans ID SEXUAL PROGENY; BREVIDENS; TUBEROSUM; HYBRIDIZATION AB Solanum bulbocastanum, a wild, diploid (2n = 2x = 24) Mexican species, is highly resistant to Phytophthora infestans, the fungus that causes late blight of potato. However this 1 EBN species is virtually impossible to cross directly with potato. PEG-mediated fusion of leaf cells of S. bulbocastanum PI 245310 and the tetraploid potato line S. tuberosum PI 203900 (2n = 4x = 48) yielded hexaploid (2n = 6x = 72) somatic hybrids that retained the high resistance of the S. bulbocastanum parent. RFLP and RAPD analyses confirmed the hybridity of the materials. Four of the somatic hybrids were crossed with potato cultivars Katahdin or Atlantic. The BC1 progeny segregated for resistance to the US8 genotype (A-2 mating type) of P. Infestans. Resistant BC1 lines crossed with susceptible cultivars again yielded populations that segregated for resistance to the fungus. In a 1996 field-plot in Wisconsin, to which no fungicide was applied? two of the BC1 lines, from two different somatic hybrids, yielded 1.36 and 1.32 kg/plant under a severe late-blight epidemic. In contrast, under these same conditions the cultivar Russet Burbank yielded only 0.86 kg/plant. These results indicate that effective resistance to the late-blight fungus in a sexually incompatible Solanum species can be transferred into potato breeding lines by somatic hybridization and that this resistance can then be further transmitted into potato breeding lines by sexual crossing. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Helgeson, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 15 TC 108 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 96 IS 6-7 BP 738 EP 742 DI 10.1007/s001220050796 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA ZT574 UT WOS:000074101500003 ER PT J AU Cassidy, BG Dvorak, J Anderson, OD AF Cassidy, BG Dvorak, J Anderson, OD TI The wheat low-molecular-weight glutenin genes: characterization of six new genes and progress in understanding gene family structure SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; low-molecular-weight glutenins; quality; storage protein; multigene family ID RESTRICTION FRAGMENT ANALYSIS; STORAGE PROTEINS; ALLELIC VARIATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GROUP-1 CHROMOSOMES; DOUGH PROPERTIES; TRITICUM-DURUM; COMMON WHEATS; GLIADIN LOCI; GLI-1 LOCI AB Although the low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits are important for aspects of wheat quality and dough processing, a detailed description of the DNA structure and encoded polypeptides of this multigene family is still lacking. We report progress in obtaining a more thorough description of the LMW-glutenin gene family from a single wheat cultivar ('Cheyenne'). Six new genomic sequences are reported and compared with other LMW-glutenin DNA sequences. Subfamilies of sequences are identified, and an analysis of the repetitive domain of these polypeptides suggests a simple codon pattern with implications for modes of evolution of these repeat motifs. Southern analysis is used to estimate 30-40 members of this gene family in cv 'Cheyenne', and chromosome assignments are made for most restriction fragments, including the six sequenced genes. The known DNA sequences cluster into two groups, and most of the new sequences are tentatively identified as C-type LMW-glutenins. Representatives of the B-genome genes are still lacking. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 36 TC 116 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 96 IS 6-7 BP 743 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s001220050797 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA ZT574 UT WOS:000074101500004 ER PT J AU Redona, ED Mackill, DJ AF Redona, ED Mackill, DJ TI Quantitative trait locus analysis for rice panicle and grain characteristics SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait locus (QTL); Oryza sativa L; molecular markers; grain dimensions; panicle size ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L; JAPONICA RICE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; CULTIVARS; MARKERS; QTLS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; DIMENSIONS; VARIETIES AB The development of molecular genetic maps has accelerated the identification and mapping of genomic regions controlling quantitative characters, referred to as quantitative trait loci or QTLs. A molecular map derived from an F-2 population of a tropical japonica x indica dress (Labelle/Black Gora) consisted of 116 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Composite interval mapping was used to identify the QTLs controlling six panicle and grain characteristics. Two QTLs were identified for panicle size at LOD > 3.0, with one on chromosome 3 accounting for 16% of the phenotypic variation. Four loci controlling spikelet fertility accounted for 23% of the phenotypic variation. Seven, four, three and two QTLs were detected for grain length, breadth, shape and weight, respectively, with the most prominent QTLs being on chromosomes 3, 4, and 7. Grain shape, measured as the ratio of length to breadth, was mostly controlled by loci on chromosomes 3 and 7 that coincided with the most important QTLs identified for length and breadth, respectively. A model including three loci accounted for 45% of the phenotypic variation for this trait. The identification of economically important QTLs will be useful in breeding for improved grain characteristics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Philippine Rice Res Inst, Munoz 3119, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. RP Mackill, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 39 TC 105 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 96 IS 6-7 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1007/s001220050826 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA ZT574 UT WOS:000074101500033 ER PT J AU Bryant, MD Swanston, DN Wissmar, RC Wright, BE AF Bryant, MD Swanston, DN Wissmar, RC Wright, BE TI Coho salmon populations in the karst landscape of north Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; IMPACTS; STREAMS; PONDS AB Karst topography is a unique and distinct landscape and its geology may have important implications for salmon productivity in streams. The relationship between salmonid communities and water chemistry and the influence of habitat was examined in a set of streams on north Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska. Streams in karat landscapes showed higher alkalinities (1,500-2,300 mu eq/L) than streams not influenced by karst landscapes (750-770 mu eq/L). A significant, positive relationship was observed between alkalinity and density of coho salmon parr Oncorhynchus kitsutch. Backwater pools supported higher densities of coho salmon than did other habitat units. Both coho salmon fry and parr tended to be larger in most karst-influenced streams than in nonkarst streams. Although past timber harvest practices in the riparian areas of several of the streams appeared to influence stream habitat and water temperature, streams flowing through karat landscapes had a distinct water chemistry. Furthermore, these streams appeared to support more fish than nonkarst streams. C1 US Forest Serv, Aquat Land Interact Res Program, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Washington, Fisheries Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bryant, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Aquat Land Interact Res Program, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 127 IS 3 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0425:CSPITK>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 105GR UT WOS:000075064800006 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Fox, RD Ozkan, HE Brazee, RD Derksen, RC AF Zhu, H Fox, RD Ozkan, HE Brazee, RD Derksen, RC TI Time delay for injection sprayers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE injection sprayers; pesticide; lag time; viscous fluids AB Lag times were measured for one boom section of an inline injection sprayer system. Lag time is defined as the time period between when an injected pesticide rate changed and when the new, pesticide rate reached nozzles on the boom. Lag time factors investigated were: number of active nozzles, boom size, travel speed changes, and pesticide viscosity. Three water-soluble and one non-water-soluble simulated pesticide liquids (water; Prime Oil, Prime Oil II, and Silicon Oil) with viscosities that ranged from 0.9 to 97. 7 mPa.s were used. An equation was developed to predict the lag time at the nozzles at the end of the spray boom. Lag time was greatly reduced by reducing the boom diameter; but was nor reduced substantially by decreasing the number of active nozzles on the boom. Lug times were not affected by viscosity of the simulated pesticide. C1 ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARCD, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Fox, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARCD, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 525 EP 530 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600002 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Thistle, HW Barry, JW Eav, B AF Teske, ME Thistle, HW Barry, JW Eav, B TI A simulation of boom length effects for drift minimization SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE drift; boom length; aerial spraying; sensitivity; modeling ID SPRAY DISPERSION MODEL; AERIAL; AIRCRAFT AB The near-wake portion of the USDA Forest Service aerial application prediction model FSCBG is applied to a sensitivity study of the length of the spray boom relative to the length of the aircraft wingspan or helicopter rotor diameter Building on extensive previous work, this study examines the predictions by the near-wake Lagrangian trajectory model of swath width, mean deposition within the spray block, and drift fraction downwind of the edge of the field Ten aircraft and four BCPC droplet size distributions are used to simulate a typical agricultural application scenario. Findings from this study demonstrate the effects of varying boom length on downwind drift, the reduction of downwind drift with larger droplets, and the inherent ability of certain aircraft type to reduce downwind drift more easily than others. Model results indicate that a broad range of boom length (between 60 and 100% of aircraft wingspan or helicopter rotor diameter) recovers approximately the same levels of downwind di-ift, decreasing levels of mean deposition within the spray block, and increasing swath width between flight lines. The suggestion that boom length should be less than 75% of wingspan or rotor diameter is perhaps based more on the anticipated position of the rolled-up vortices than on solid experimental evidence. C1 Continuum Dynam Inc, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Missoula, Missoula, MT USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Davis, CA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Radnor, PA USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, POB 3073, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 545 EP 551 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600005 ER PT J AU Lindley, MR Barfield, BJ Ascough, JC Wilson, BN Stevens, EW AF Lindley, MR Barfield, BJ Ascough, JC Wilson, BN Stevens, EW TI The surface impoundment element for WEPP SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE sediment routing; sediment detention basin; sediment deposition; trapping efficiency; impoundments; erosion; WEPP ID SEDIMENT AB The sedimentation algorithms included in the Water Erosion Prediction Project Surface Impoundment Element (WEPPSIE) are described ann verified in this at-ride. The algorithms are based on the overflow rate concept. WEPPSIE trapping efficiency, results agreed with predictions made using a previously validated continuous stirred reactors model. WEPPSIE also performed adequately with 11 field data sets. The average trapping efficiency prediction error was 5.5% with a maximum error of 13%. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Seacor Int Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Barfield, BJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 555 EP 564 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600006 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV TI Modified drop-box weir for monitoring flows from erosion plots and small watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE flow measurement; sediment; drop-box weir; erosion plot; flow monitoring AB Sediment-laden flow and chemical-constituent concentration data from erosion plots and small watersheds are often needed for erosion and water-quality impact evaluations and modeling. The original drop-box weir was modified to pass the design flow through the V-notch and box sections of the weir. Approach conditions consisted of gutters and aprons that divert runoff water and sediment to the box at right angles. An evaluation of the effects of these approach conditions on the original rating for the drop-box weir and the effects of not having a false back wall for erosion-plot use was conducted. A rating for low flows was obtained. The rating for the drop-box weir with the new approach conditions was different from the original rating. Three rating equations were fit to the data for the three flow ranges. Observations of weir performance suggested that the reason for the three equations was related to the stepped side weirs. This study and other published studies led to the conclusion that the drop-box weir should nor be modified unless a new study of the effects of the changes on the rating are evaluated. The gage height for the design flow for sizing the modified drop-box weir was established. A decision table was developed for appropriate use of the drop-box weir. C1 ARS, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 565 EP 573 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600007 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV TI Spatial variability of runoff and soil properties on small watersheds in similar soil-map units SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE spatial variability; GIS; hydraulic conductivity; soil maps; precision farming ID INFILTRATION AB Soil hydraulic property information is important for watershed modeling of runoff water quality and erosion. The source of soils information for these data is often soil-survey maps. Runoff data from two small, adjacent agricultural watersheds at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service experimental watershed facility near Coshocton, Ohio, that are visually similar show that annual runoff can be much higher on one watershed compared with the other: The soil map generally available to a practitioner for the watersheds shows the soils for both watersheds to be mapped in the same soil series. Available hydrologic and soil-characterization data were analyzed and suggest that the soil characteristic and moisture differences in areas upstream from each watershed outlet are responsible for at least some of the differences in watershed response to precipitation. Gec,logic conditions in the higher-yielding watershed may also be a factor: The results suggest that deterministic and random spatial variability of soil information within soil map units (at small scales) would be necessary for adequately modeling watershed runoff The study has implications for watershed model development, GIS, and precision-farming applications. C1 ARS, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 575 EP 585 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600008 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Kanwar, RS Ahuja, LR AF Kumar, A Kanwar, RS Ahuja, LR TI RZWQM simulation of nitrate concentrations in subsurface drainage from manured plots SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE hydrology; water quality; swine manure; subsurface drainage ID MACROPORE TRANSPORT; POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; MODELS; SOIL; FERTILIZER; RUNOFF; GLEAMS AB The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM, V 3.25) was used to simulate the effect of swine manure applications on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in subsurface drain water-from continuous coin for Iowa soils, Measured values of subsurface drain flow NO3-N concentrations in drainage water; and residual NO3-N in the soil profile from three chisel plow plots were available for the growing seasons of 1993 and 1995, The measured values were used to evaluate the RZWQM. Several parameters of RZWQM were calibrated to provide satisfactory subsurface drain flow, nitrate in drainage water and nitrate in soil profile for the growing season of 1993, The calibrated parameters were then used to simulate subsurface drain flows, its NO3-N concentrations, and residual NO3-N content in the soil profile as affected by manure application for the gr-owing season of 1995. Simulated subsurface drain flows, NO3-N concentrations, and total residual NO3-N contents were compared with the measured values. Predicted daily subsurface drain flows by the RZWQM were close to the observed flows, Annual fetal subsurface drain flows predicted by the model were also close to the observed values (difference over two years was -3.9%). The predicted NO3-N concentrations in subsurface drainage water followed the observed trends well for years 1993 and 1995 for all three plots. The annual average NO3-N concentrations predicted by the RZWQM were also in close agreement with the measured values for 1993 and 1995 (within a difference of -3.0%). Linear regression (zero interception) between the predicted values for the pooled darn (average of three plots for two years) and the measured data gave an R-2 value of 0.88 with a slope of 0.96. The predicted soil NO3-N contents in 0-1.2 m soil profile were also ill close agreement with the measured values in the field. The overall results of this study indicate that RZWQM is capable of simulating various rate of manure applications in different weather and soil conditions. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kanwar, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 219C Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 587 EP 597 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600009 ER PT J AU Schreiber, JD Cullum, RF AF Schreiber, JD Cullum, RF TI Tillage effects on surface and groundwater quality in loessial upland soybean watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE tillage; agricultural practices; chemical application; surface runoff; groundwater pollution ID NITRATE CONTAMINATION; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; TRANSPORT; LOSSES AB Evaluation of tillage practices on surface and subsurface water quality is essential for conserving and protecting the nation's soil and water resources. The objective of this research was to evaluate the water quality of perched groundwater (0.15 to 3.04 m) and surface runoff from a 2.13 ha no-till and a 2.10 ha conventional-till soybean watershed for plant nutrients during the 1990-1993 water years-Mean nitrate-N concentrations for all groundwater depths and sites of the no-till and conventional-till watersheds were 4.81 and 5.98 mg . L-1, respectively. Shallow groundwater NO3-N concentrations for some storms exceeded U.S. Drinking Water Standards. However in a forested riparian zone, only 61 m down slope from the conventional-till watershed the mean NO3-N concentration in groundwater was only 0.29 mg.L-1. Higher nutrient concentrations in surface runoff from the no-till watershed reflect the lack of sediment to sorb soluble PO4-P as well as the leaching of crop and weed residues. Despite greater runoff from the conventional-till watershed soluble nutrient losses were generally, similar from the no-till watershed due to the higher nutrient concentrations. Nutrient concentrations in surface runoff from both watersheds peaked a few days after a broadcast application of 0-20-20 and decreased during subsequent storms. Alternative methods of fertilizer application are needed to reduce nutrient concentrations in surface runoff. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Schreiber, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Unit, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 607 EP 614 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600011 ER PT J AU Robinson, KM Rice, CE Kadavy, KC AF Robinson, KM Rice, CE Kadavy, KC TI Design of rock chutes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE rock chutes; riprap; channel design; hydraulics; stability; roughness; grade control AB Rock chute design information is consolidated from several sources to provide a comprehensive design tool. The rock slope stability, boundary roughness, and outlet stability of rock chutes are each discussed. Tests were performed in three rectangular flumes and in two full size structures. Angular riprap with a median stone size ranging from 15 to 278 mm was examined on rock chutes with slopes ranging from 2 to 40%. The typical mode of channel failure is described. An empirical prediction equation is presented relating the highest stable discharge on a rock chute to the median stone size and the bed slope. A boundary roughness relationship is also presented that relates the Manning roughness coefficient to the median stone size and bed slope. These tests also suggest that the riprap size required for stability on the slope will remain stable in the outlet reach even with minimal tailwater. This article contains information needed to perform a rock chute design. C1 ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Robinson, KM (reprint author), 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 621 EP 626 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600013 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Kanwar, RS Ahuja, LR AF Kumar, A Kanwar, RS Ahuja, LR TI Evaluation of preferential flow component of RZWQM in simulating water and atrazine transport to subsurface drains SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE preferential flow; groundwater; chemical transport; tillage; hydrology; RZWQM; atrazine ID SILT LOAM SOIL; MACROPORES; PESTICIDE; MOVEMENT; QUALITY AB The ARS Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM rer: 3.25) wets used to simulate the effect of field measured macroporosity on atrazine transport to subsurface drain lines. Field data on atrazine concentrations in subsurface drain flow from corn fields, for modified no-till (nNT) and moldboard plow (MP) systems, were used to evaluate the performance of the RZWQM for the growing seasons of 1990, 1991 and 1992, The model was calibrated using field data from 1990 and data from 1991 and 1992 were used to validate the model. Simulated subsurface drain flows and atrazine losses with and without macropore flow were compared with measured values. Although the preferential flow component slightly improved the predictions of peak subsurface drain flows for individual min storms, it did not affect significantly the total annual flows. Simulated annual subsurface flows were within 11.6% of the observed values. Simulated atrazine concentrations in subsurface drain flows using mean values of macroporosity were ii? close agreement with the observed concentrations for 1990 (calibration year). Predicted total annual atrazine losses were also close to the observed values for 1990 (percentage difference 17.6% for mNT and 34.8% for MP system). For 1991 and 1992 (evaluation years), with macropores, the simulated atrazine losses for mNT plots were within -9.9% of observed values and for MP plots were within +12.0% of observed values (combined for two years), Th RZWQM predicted only trace amounts of atrazine in subsurface drain flows if macropores were not considered. The model showed sensitivity to lateral flow from macropores, K-sat of surface layer and macroporosity in decreasing order in simulating atrazine losses to subsurface drain flows. Overall, the RZWQM showed good potential for simulating atrazine losses with subsurface drain water as affected by tillage practices. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kanwar, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 125B Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 627 EP 638 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600014 ER PT J AU Truman, CC Leonard, RA Johnson, AW AF Truman, CC Leonard, RA Johnson, AW TI Fenamiphos transport, transformation, and degradation in a highly weathered soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE model applications; subsurface flow; soil and water quality; GLEAMS; metabolites ID COASTAL-PLAIN; METABOLITES; GLEAMS; WATER; MODEL; CROP AB Fenamiphos, a nematicide used on corn and sorghum, quickly oxidizes into two metabolites which have similar activities and toxicities, yet are more mobile and persistent than the parent compound. Given rite soil and climatic conditions of the southeastern U.S., fenamiphos and its metabolites could be transported from the application site and contaminate off-site water bodies. A three-year study was conducted to evaluate (1) degradation and transport of the fenamiphos parent (F-p) and its metabolites (sulfoxide, F-x, and sulfone, F-o) from a 0.34 ha field site, and (2) the utility of the GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) model in describing system response and simulating pesticide transport. Each year; fenamiphos was applied at 6.7 kg ha(-1) a,i., broadcast and incorporated into the upper 100 mm soil layer before planting each crop. Concentrations of fenamiphos and its metabolites were determined from soil samples taken within the root zone at 50 mm intervals to a depth of 300 mm and from subsurface the outflow at selected times throughout each sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and hybrid pear 2 millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) growing season. The GLEAMS model was used to simulate runoff lateral subsurface flow, (LSF), and F-p, F-x, and F-o losses from the Cowarts loamy sand An average of 6 and 21% of the total rainfall + irrigation was measured as runoff and LSF respectively. GLEAMS model simulations were correlated with measured runoff (R-2 = 0.81) and LSF (R-2 = 0.89). Field half-lives (1(1/2)) were determined by comparing observed concentrations in soil by depth and time to those simulated with the GLEAMS model. Average t(1/2) values from measured field data were 5, 28, and 14 days for F-p, F-x, and F-o, respectively For the three-yens study, about 6.2% of the total amount of applied fenamiphos (F-tot = F-p + F-x + F-o) was measured in LSF while less than 0.1% of the applied fenamiphos,was measured in surface runoff F-x was the dominant compound measured and simulated in the root zone and LSF with 70 to 99% of measured F-tot being F-x. Calibration of the GLEAMS model provided fit of the field data that indicated (1) F-p dissipated rapidly while the two metabolites (F-x and F-o) formed (average F-p t(1/2) 5.5 d); (2) t(1/2) values for all compounds remained relatively constant during 1987 and 1988, then numerically decreased in 1989; (3) coefficient of transformation (CT) values for F-x and F-o decreased from 1987 to 1989; and (4) CT values describing transformational changes from F-p to F-x were greater than those describing transformational changes from F-x to F-o. Decreases in t(1/2) and CT values for F-p, F-x, and F-o, with continued use over the three-year study is characteristic of enhanced microbial degradation. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. ARS, USDA, Nematodes Weeds & Crops Res Unit, Tifton, GA USA. RP Truman, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 663 EP 671 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600018 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO Bartley, PG Lawrence, KC AF Nelson, SO Bartley, PG Lawrence, KC TI RF and microwave dielectric properties of stored-grain insects and their implications for potential insect control SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE radio-frequency; microwave; dielectric properties; permittivity; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; stored-grain insects; measurements ID PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; ENERGY; WHEAT AB The permittivities of bulk samples of adult insects of the rice weevil, red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and lesser grain borer were measured at single frequencies of 9.4 and 11.7 GHz in X-band waveguide at about 23 degrees C, and permittivities of homogenized samples of the same species were measured from 0.2 to 20 GHz at temperatures from 10 to 70 degrees C with art open-ended coaxial-line probe and network analyzer Sample densities for the coaxial-line probe measurements were determined from the X-band measurements with a linear relationship between the cube root of the dielectric constant and sample bulk density determined from permittivity measurements on bulk samples of the adult insects in a waveguide sample holder taken with the,short-circuited line technique. Since linearity of the cube root of the dielectric constant with bulk density is consistent with the Landau & Lifshitz, Looyenga dielectric mixture equation, this equation was used to calculate estimated dielectric constants and loss factors of the insects from measured permittivities and volume fractions determined from measured bulk density and adult insect density determined by air-comparison pycnometer measurements. Estimated dielectric constants and loss factors of the insects are presented graphically for temperatures from 10 to 70 degrees C, and tabulated data are provided for range information and comparative purposes. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 685 EP 692 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600021 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Nelson, SO AF Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Nelson, SO TI Sensing wheat moisture content independent of density SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE wheat; sensors; moisture meter; dielectric properties ID MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SYSTEM AB Radio-frequency measurements were taken on four cultivars of hard red winter wheat at 24 degrees C, moisture contents ranging from 9% to 21%, wet basis, and at bulk densities ranging from 0.66 to 0.83 g/cm(3). Moisture content was predicted with an equation developed from the transmission coefficient S-21 at three frequencies between 1 and 350 MHz. Measurements at about 40, 240, and 320 MHz were selected from multiple linear regression analysis of data collected on static samples in a two-port coaxial flow-through sample holder: Calibration was performed with 49 samples front the four wheat cultivars harvested, and validation was performed with 84 different samples of the same cultivars. The standard deviation of the differences (SEP) for the validation data, compared to standard air-oven moisture contents, was 0.36% moisture content, and the bias was -0.06% moisture content. Initial attempts to develop a moisture calibration from the intrinsic dielectric properties were unsuccessful. This was attributed to larger errors in the model used to calculate the loss factor values at the lower frequencies. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 693 EP 699 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600022 ER PT J AU Byler, RK AF Byler, RK TI Resistivity of cotton lint for moisture sensing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cotton; moisture content; measurement; resistance AB The international cotton industry needs an inexpensive yet accurate method to determine the moisture content of cotton. Basic studies were conducted to ascertain the applicability of electrical resistance to measuring moisture content. The resistance of cotton lint samples of varying moisture content, which were loaded into a series of acrylic holders with aluminum ends and compressed to 0.3 g/cm(3), was measured. The holders varied in sample thickness from 1 to 4 cm and in sample cross-sectional area from 1 to 40 cm(2). The resistance was found to vary with sample thickness as expected, but the resistivity did not vary with sample cross-sectional area in the expected way. Relationships relating sample moisture content to sample resistance and sample geometry were examined. Models were found which fit the data well; the residuals varied inversely with sample moisture content and sample circumference. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 877 EP 882 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600046 ER PT J AU Zayas, IY Flinn, PW AF Zayas, IY Flinn, PW TI Detection of insects in bulk wheat samples with machine vision SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE machine vision; insects; wheat; pattern recognition; multivariate analysis; digital imaging ID CURCULIONIDAE; SPECTROSCOPY; COLEOPTERA; BEETLES; WEEVIL AB Digital imaging techniques were used to identify insects and body parts (adult lesser grain borer) of Rhyzopertha dominica beetles in bulk wheat samples. The samples contained dockage (weed seeds and damaged wheat kernels), which mane the identification of insects more difficult. Multispectral analysis (Red, Green, Blue) was used in combination with pattern recognition techniques. Insect identification experiments were none with subimages of 8 x 8 pixels. Statistical multivariate analysis and structural patterns were used for finding insects. The position of the insect (ventral, dorsal, side) and particles clinging to the insect affected recognition success. Recognition success of R. Dominica adults, some grass seeds, and other non-wheat components was higher than 90%. C1 ARS, USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Zayas, IY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Av, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 883 EP 888 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZY898 UT WOS:000074673600047 ER PT J AU Joseph, G Kelsey, RG Thies, WG AF Joseph, G Kelsey, RG Thies, WG TI Hydraulic conductivity in roots of ponderosa pine infected with black-stain (Leptographium wageneri) or annosus (Heterobasidion annosum) root disease SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annosus root disease; black-stain root disease; Pinus ponderosa; root conductivity; specific conductivity; wood density ID XYLEM EMBOLISM; TREES; STEM; ELM AB Roots from healthy and diseased mature ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws., trees were excavated from a site near Burns, Oregon. The diseased trees were infected with black-stain root disease, Leptographium wageneri Kendrick, or annosus root disease, Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref., or both. Axial hydraulic conductivity of the roots was measured under a positive head pressure of 5 kPa, and the conducting area was stained with safranin dye to determine specific conductivity (k(s)). In diseased roots, only 8-12% of the cross-sectional xylem area conducted water. Resin-soaked xylem completely restricted water transport and accounted for 13-16% of the loss in conducting area. In roots with black-stain root disease, 17% of the loss in conducting area was associated with unstained xylem, possibly resulting from occlusions or embolisms. Based on the entire cross-sectional area of infected roots, the k, of roots infected with black-stain root disease was 4.6% of that for healthy roots, whereas the k(s) of roots infected with annosus root disease was 2.6% of that for healthy roots. Although these low values were partly the result of the presence of a large number of diseased roots (72%) with no conducting xylem, the k(s) of functional xylem of diseased roots was only 33% of that for healthy roots, The low k(s) values of functional xylem in diseased roots may be caused by fungus induced occlusions preceding cavitation and embolism of tracheids. The k(s) of disease-free roots from diseased trees was only 70% of that for healthy roots from healthy trees. The disease-free roots had the same mean tracheid diameter and tissue density as the healthy roots, suggesting that the lower k(s) in disease-free roots of diseased trees may also have been caused by partial xylary occlusions. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Joseph, G (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 18 IS 5 BP 333 EP 339 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZM766 UT WOS:000073573700007 ER PT J AU Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ AF Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ TI Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on response of mycorrhizal pitch pine (Pinus rigida) to aluminum: growth and mineral nutrition SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE aluminum toxicity; elevated carbon dioxide; Pinus rigida; mycorrhizae; mineral nutrition ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; PICEA-RUBENS; ELEVATED CO2; SEEDLING GROWTH; QUERCUS-ALBA; SOIL N; NUTRIENT; COLONIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; ROOTS AB Carbon dioxide enrichment may increase the Al tolerance of trees by increasing root growth, root exudation and/or mycorrhizal colonization. The effect of elevated CO2 on the response of mycorrhizal pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) seedlings to Al was determined in two experiments with different levels of nutrients, 0.1- or 0.2-strength Clark solution. During each experiment, seedlings inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch were grown 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/l Al (0, 232, 463, or 927 mu M Al) in growth chambers fumigated with 350 (ambient) or 700 (elevated) mu l/l CO2. At ambient CO2 in the absence of Al, mean total dry weights (DW) of seedlings at the high nutrient level were 164% higher than those at the low level. Total DW at elevated CO2, in the absence of Al, was significantly greater than that in ambient CO2 at the low (+34%) and high (+16%) nutrient levels. Root and shoot DW at both nutrient levels decreased with increasing Al concentrations with Al reducing root growth more than shoot growth. Although visible symptoms of Al toxicity in roots and needles were reduced by CO2 enrichment, there were no significant CO2 x Al interactions for shoot or root DW. The percentage of seedling roots that became mycorrhizal was negatively related to nutrient level and was greater at elevated than at ambient CO2 levels. Generally, elevated CO2 had little effect on concentration of mineral nutrients in roots and needles. Aluminum reduced concentrations of most nutrients by inhibiting uptake. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Schier, GA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s004680050160 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZN198 UT WOS:000073619700004 ER PT J AU Schnable, PS Wise, RP AF Schnable, PS Wise, RP TI The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID OPEN READING FRAME; RF2 NUCLEAR RESTORER; T-CYTOPLASM; MITOCHONDRIAL GENE; BRASSICA CYBRIDS; CHIMERIC GENE; MAIZE; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; SUNFLOWER AB Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited condition in which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen. It occurs in many plant species and is often associated with chimeric mitochondrial open reading frames. In a number of cases, transcripts originating from these altered open reading frames are translated into unique proteins that appear to interfere with mitochondrial function and pollen development. Nuclear restorer (Rf or Fr) genes function to suppress the deleterious effects of CMS-associated mitochondrial abnormalities by diverse mechanisms. There are now several well-characterized CMS systems, for which the mitochondrial sequences thought to be responsible have been described. Possible mechanisms by which nuclear restoration occurs in these systems can now be postulated. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schnable, PS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM schnable@iastate.edu; rpwise@iastate.edu NR 51 TC 450 Z9 530 U1 10 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 3 IS 5 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01235-7 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZM334 UT WOS:000073528100006 ER PT J AU Mead, BR AF Mead, BR TI Phytomass in southeast Alaska - Introduction SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article ID HABITAT AB Phytomass tables are presented for the southeast Alaska archipelago. Average phytomass for each sampled species of tree, shrub, grass, forb, lichen, and moss in 10 forest and 4 nonforest vegetation types is shown. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Mead, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 1998 IS 505 BP 1 EP + PG 49 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZW950 UT WOS:000074464600001 ER PT J AU Konishi, E Kurane, I Mason, PW Shope, RE Kanesa-Thasan, N Smucny, JJ Hoke, CH Ennis, FA AF Konishi, E Kurane, I Mason, PW Shope, RE Kanesa-Thasan, N Smucny, JJ Hoke, CH Ennis, FA TI Induction of Japanese encephalitis virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans by poxvirus-based JE vaccine candidates SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Japanese encephalitis; recombinant vaccine; cytotoxic T lymphocytes ID PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTECTION; HIV-1; MICE; CELLS; INFECTION; BIOLOGY AB Poxvirus-based recombinant Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine candidates, NYVAC-JEV and ALVAC-JEV, were examined for their ability to induce JE virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in a phase I clinical trial. These vaccine candidates encoded the JE virus premembrane (prM), envelope (E) and non-structural 1 (NS1) proteins. The volunteers received subcutaneous inoculations with each of these candidates on days 0 and 28, and blood was drawn 2 days before vaccination and on day 58. Anti-E and anti-NS1 antibodies were elicited in most vaccinees inoculated with NYVAC-JEV and in some vaccinees inoculated with ALVAC-JEV. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from approximately one half of vaccines showed positive proliferation in response to stimulation of live JE virus. Cytotoxic assays demonstrated the presence of JE virus-specific CTLs in in vitro-stimulated PBMCs obtained from two NYVAC-JEV and two ALVAC-JEV vaccinees. Cell depletion tests using PBMCs from one NYVAC-JEV recipient indicated that the phenotype of CTLs was CD8(+)CD4(-). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kobe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Zool, Kobe, Hyogo 650, Japan. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Arbovirus Res Unit, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Konishi, E (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Zool, Kobe, Hyogo 650, Japan. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI10987-17, R01-AI30624] NR 39 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY PY 1998 VL 16 IS 8 BP 842 EP 849 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00265-X PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA ZP179 UT WOS:000073725300011 PM 9627942 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Frenkel, JK AF Dubey, JP Frenkel, JK TI Toxoplasmosis of rats: a review, with considerations of their value as an animal model and their possible role in epidemiology SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasmosis; rats; Rattus norvegicus; prevalence; epidemiology; tissue cysts; oocyst infectivity; pathogenicity ID WILD BROWN-RATS; GONDII INFECTION; RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; NATURAL-RESISTANCE; DUAL INFECTION; T-CELLS; TRANSMISSION; MICE AB We critically review and summarize information on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in rats, mainly Rattus norvegicus, and their possible role as a source of infection for larger carnivores and omnivores. We also review information on immunology and natural resistance, contributing to the model value of rats in the analysis of human infection. Rats can be successfully infected with oocysts (sporozoites), tissue cysts (bradyzoites), and tachyzoites. Even adult rats, that are resistant to clinical toxoplasmosis, can be infected orally with a few oocysts or tissue cysts. Infections with tachyzoites of the RH strain are highly variable. Congenital transmission of T. gondii occurs at a high rate when rats are infected during pregnancy. Congenitally infected rats can harbor viable T. gondii in the absence of detectable antibodies to T. gondii and rats with low antibody titers may harbor few or no organisms. The isolation of viable T. gondii by bioassay is the only reliable means to determine persistence of chronic T. gondii infection in feral rats. No evidence was found for maintenance of T. gondii in rats by vertical transmission in the absence of cats. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Bldg 1040,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@ggpl.arsusda.gov NR 163 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 77 IS 1 BP 1 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00227-6 PG 32 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZQ799 UT WOS:000073904200001 PM 9652380 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Cranfield, MR AF Graczyk, TK Cranfield, MR TI Oocysts of Cryptosporidium from snakes are not infectious to ducklings but retain viability after intestinal passage through a refractory host SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium serpentis; snake; transmission ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; SERPENTIS APICOMPLEXA; CAPTIVE SNAKES; REPTILES; EFFICACY AB Six 2-week-old Cryptosporidium-free Peking ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) each received 2.0 x 10(6) viable Cryptosporidium serpentis oocysts from 6 naturally infected captive snakes, Histological sections of digestive (stomach, jejunum, ileum, cloaca, and cecum) and respiratory tract tissues (larynx, trachea, and lungs) did not contain life-cycle stages of Cryptosporidium in any of the inoculated ducklings, Because ducklings were refractory to infection, C. serpentis transmission via a diet of Peking ducklings is improbable, Viable (per in vitro excystation assay) inoculum-derived oocysts were detected in duckling feces up to 7 days post-inoculation (PI): the number of intact oocysts excreted during the first 2 days PT was significantly higher than for the remaining 5 days PI (P < 0.01). The dynamics of oocyst shedding showed that overall the birds released a significantly higher number of intact oocysts than oocyst shells (P < 0.01). Retention of the viability of C. serpentis oocysts following intestinal passage through a refractory avian species may have epizootiological implications, Under certain circumstances such as after the ingestion of C. serpentis-infected prey, herpetivorous birds may disseminate C. serpentis oocysts in the environment. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Baltimore Zoo, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Immun & Dis Prevent Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 77 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00137-4 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZQ799 UT WOS:000073904200002 PM 9652381 ER PT J AU Lubroth, J Lopez, A Ramalho, AK Meyer, RF Brown, F Darsie, GC AF Lubroth, J Lopez, A Ramalho, AK Meyer, RF Brown, F Darsie, GC TI Cattle response to foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural proteins as antigens within vaccines produced using different concentrations. SO VETERINARY QUARTERLY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Final Meeting of Concerted Action CT93 0909 CY APR 28-29, 1997 CL INST ANIM SCI & HLTH, LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SP Commiss European Communities HO INST ANIM SCI & HLTH ID IDENTIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; APHTHOVIRUS; INFECTION; FIELD; 2C AB Four groups of ten nine-month-old Nelore heifers were used for this study. Each group received one of four foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) trivalent vaccines for the duration of the experiment. The four vaccine formulations (Normal, 2X, 4X and 8X) differed in 140S content to determine the serological reactivities to FMD virus (FMDV) nonstructural proteins 2C, 3ABC and 3D. Vaccination was by the intramuscular administration of vaccine on day 0, 180 and 360, Bleedings were done at 30 days post vaccination (dpv), 90 dpv, 30 days post revaccination (dpr), 90 dpr, and 30 days post third administration (dprr). There was a general tendency to have higher mean 3D responses with increased vaccine application but not with increased concentration of antigen. With 2C and 3ABC this tendency was not seen, neither with repeated application of vaccine nor with increased antigen concentration, All individual animal observations to 2C and 3ABC remained within three standard deviations of the average observed for naive bovids. Percent of positive (PP) reactions was determined using an ELISA for nonstructural proteins 2C, 3ABC and 3D expressed in baculovirus as previously described. A value of >25 PP to 2C or 3ABC could be considered as an indication of previous infection or of the presence of viral activity. PP results between 18 and 25 PP suggest viral activity and animals should be retested. Those responses below 15 PP are suggestive of vaccination or naive status. As diagnosis in the laboratory is not divorced from the field epidemiological scene, the intermediate zone between 10 and 20 PP should be considered and acted upon according to the overall zoosanitary situation of that country or region and the purposes of the ongoing FMD control efforts. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Int Serv, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Ctr Panamer Fiebre Aftosa, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Lubroth, J (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL NETHERLANDS VETERINARY ASSOC PI UTRECHT PA PO BOX 14031, 3508 UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2176 J9 VET QUART JI Vet. Q. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 20 SU 2 BP S13 EP S17 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZX524 UT WOS:000074525400006 PM 9652056 ER PT J AU Mezencio, JMS Babcock, GD Meyer, RF Lubroth, J Salt, JS Newman, JFE Brown, F AF Mezencio, JMS Babcock, GD Meyer, RF Lubroth, J Salt, JS Newman, JFE Brown, F TI Differentiating foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected from vaccinated animals with baculovirus-expressed specific proteins SO VETERINARY QUARTERLY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Final Meeting of Concerted Action CT93 0909 CY APR 28-29, 1997 CL INST ANIM SCI & HLTH, LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SP Commiss European Communities HO INST ANIM SCI & HLTH ID 2C AB We had shown in preliminary studies with a small number of animals that antibodies against 2C could be detected in cattle and pigs which had been infected with FMDV but not in animals which had been vaccinated against the disease. To determine whether this test was generally applicable, sera from several hundred animals which had been vaccinated with different products in many countries have been tested in an ELISA using baculovirus expressed 2C, Our results show that only 1-2% of the sera gave a positive reaction by this method. In contrast, 100% of sera from convalescent animals gave a positive reaction. To be useful in differentiating between convalescent and vaccinated animals it is necessary to know how long these antibodies can be detected by our ELISA, We have determined the levels of antibodies against 2C and also other virus-specific proteins which are present in cattle and pigs following infection with FMDV, Our results show that levels of anti-3ABC antibodies could be detected by ELISA with baculovirus-expressed protein up to one year after infection. In contrast, the levels of anti-2C antibodies fell more rapidly than those against 3ABC indicating that the latter protein may be preferable for detecting convalescent animals. Nevertheless, we envisage that the final test format should include several virus-specific proteins to determine accurately the immune status of an animal. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. AFRC, Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. RP Brown, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL NETHERLANDS VETERINARY ASSOC PI UTRECHT PA PO BOX 14031, 3508 UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2176 J9 VET QUART JI Vet. Q. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 20 SU 2 BP S11 EP S13 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZX524 UT WOS:000074525400005 PM 9652055 ER PT J AU Brogden, KA Lehmkuhl, HD Cutlip, RC AF Brogden, KA Lehmkuhl, HD Cutlip, RC TI Pasteurella haemolytica complicated respiratory infections in sheep and goats SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE sheep; pneumonia; virus; Pasteurella haemolytica; respiratory infection ID SURFACTANT PROTEIN-D; PURIFIED CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; NATURAL PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS; MAMMALIAN TRACHEAL MUCOSA; RABBIT LUNG MACROPHAGES; PATHOGEN-FREE LAMBS; BORDETELLA-PARAPERTUSSIS; PULMONARY SURFACTANT; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE AB Respiratory infections which commonly occur in sheep and goats often result from adverse physical and physiological stress combined with viral and bacterial infections. Inevitably, Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia occurs as a result of these interactions. In this review, we present recent advances in research on the complex etiology of pneumonia involving P. haemolytica ica. Initially stress, induced by factors such as heat, overcrowding, exposure to inclement weather, poor ventilation, handling and transport is a major predisposing factor. Respiratory viruses including parainfluenza 3 (PI-3) virus, adenovirus type 6 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and to a lesser extent bovine adenovirus type 2, ovine adenovirus types 1 and 5, and reovirus type I cause respiratory infections and pneumonia. More importantly these viruses also dramatically increase the susceptibility of sheep and goats to secondary P. haemolytica infection. Primary infection of the lower respiratory tract, with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Bordetella parapertussis can increase the susceptibility of sheep and goats to secondary P. haemolytica infection. It is possible that initial infections with viral or primary bacterial agents break down the antimicrobial barrier consisting of beta defensins and anionic peptides found in epithelial cells, resident and inflammatory cells, and serous and mucous secretions of the respiratory tract. Loss of barrier integrity may release P. haemolytica from its usual commensal status. Once in the lung, P. haemolytica becomes opportunistic. To grow and colonize, P. haemolytica uses extracellular products like O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase, neuraminidase and RTX leukotoxin, as well as cell-associated products such as capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, outer membrane proteins, proteins involved in iron acquisition and a periplasmic superoxide dismutase. In lambs and kids, pneumonic pasteurellosis can be acute, characterized by fever, listlessness, poor appetite and sudden death. Sheep and goats that survive the acute stage may recover or become chronically affected showing reduced lung capacity and weight gain efficiency and sporadic deaths may occur. This infection is detrimental to sheep and goats throughout the world and flocks and herds of small ranches, dairy operations, or large feedlots are all affected. (C) Inra/Elsevier, Paris. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 156 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 11 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAY-AUG PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 254 PG 22 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZV850 UT WOS:000074347900003 PM 9689740 ER PT J AU Almeida, MR Rieder, E Chinsangaram, J Ward, G Beard, C Grubman, MJ Mason, PW AF Almeida, MR Rieder, E Chinsangaram, J Ward, G Beard, C Grubman, MJ Mason, PW TI Construction and evaluation of an attenuated vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease: difficulty adapting the leader proteinase-deleted strategy to the serotype O1 virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE picornavirus; vaccine; FMDV; leader proteinase ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEASE; BINDING; CELLS; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; CLEAVAGE; VARIANTS; COMPLEX AB Over the last few years we have utilized a system to genetically engineer foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to produce live-attenuated vaccine candidates. These candidates have been generated in the genetic background of a tissue culture-adapted strain of serotype A12 virus. Based on this A12 system, we created a virus lacking the sequence encoding the leader (L) proteinase (Piccone et al., 1995), and demonstrated that this leaderless virus, A12-LLV2 was avirulent in bovine and swine, and could be used as an attenuated vaccine (Mason et al., 1997; Chinsangaram et al., 1998). The current study shows that a similar leader-deleted chimeric virus containing the genome of the type A12 virus with a substituted type O1 capsid coding region from a bovine-virulent virus can be constructed, and that the virus has low, but detectable virulence in swine. A second: chimera specifying a tissue culture-adapted type O1 capsid lacking the RGD cell binding site, was avirulent in swine, but was not sufficiently immunogenic to provide protection from challenge. These results are described with respect to mechanisms of attenuation and antigen formation in live-attenuated virus-inoculated animals. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mgrubman@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 31 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 55 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(98)00031-8 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 107HX UT WOS:000075203000005 PM 9712511 ER PT J AU Inoue, M Simunek, J Hopmans, JW Clausnitzer, V AF Inoue, M Simunek, J Hopmans, JW Clausnitzer, V TI In situ estimation of soil hydraulic functions using a multistep soil-water extraction technique SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STEP OUTFLOW EXPERIMENTS; STEADY-STATE CONDITIONS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; UNSATURATED FLOW; AQUIFER PARAMETERS; INVERSE PROBLEM; PRESSURE DATA; TRANSIENT; CONDUCTIVITY; EQUATION AB Estimation of the retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity functions is essential to effectively provide input for water flow and transport simulation and prediction. A parameter optimization procedure is shown as a promising tool to estimate inversely these hydraulic function parameters from transient soil matric potential and cumulative soil solution extraction measurements; Sensitivity analyses from synthetic data generated from forward numerical model simulations showed that optimum tensiometer locations will depend on soil type. Experiments were carried out in both a laboratory column (Columbia sandy loam) and in the field (Yolo silt loam). In both cases a series of vacuum extraction pressures was applied to a ceramic soil solution,sampler, and cumulative soil solution extraction volume and matric potentials at various positions near the extraction device were monitored as the soil solution was extracted. In the laboratory a zero-flux boundary condition was maintained at the bottom of the column, whereas matric potential measurements were used in the field to define the lower boundary. In both the field and laboratory experiments, flow at the upper boundary was zero. Cumulative extraction volume and matric potential data were included in the objective function to be minimized to estimate the hydraulic function parameters. We determined that the optimized solution was sensitive to the contact between the ceramic ring and the surrounding soil. By also optimizing the hydraulic resistance of the ceramic ring bf the extraction device, optimization improved the fit between measured and optimized flow variables. Comparison of the optimized with the independently measured hydraulic functions indicated that the in situ estimation using a multistep extraction procedure can provide accurate soil hydraulic data. C1 Tottori Univ, Arid Land Res Ctr, Tottori 680, Japan. USDA ARS, USDA Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dep LAWR, Hydrol Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Inoue, M (reprint author), Tottori Univ, Arid Land Res Ctr, Tottori 680, Japan. EM jwhopmans@ucdavis.edu RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1050 DI 10.1029/98WR00295 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ZL188 UT WOS:000073407600009 ER PT J AU Sabba, RP Sterling, TM Lownds, NK AF Sabba, RP Sterling, TM Lownds, NK TI Effect of picloram on resistant and susceptible yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis): the role of ethylene SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aminoethoxyvinylglycine; auxin; auxinic herbicide; epinasty; CENSO ID AUXINIC HERBICIDES; STELLARIA-MEDIA; BIOSYNTHESIS; MECOPROP; BIOTYPES; PLANTS AB The noxious weed yellow starthistle is commonly controlled by the auxinic herbicide picloram. induction of ethylene synthesis, epinasty, and reduction in shoot growth are typical symptoms of picloram treatment. Picloram did not induce ethylene evolution in the resistant accession RDW-1, though it caused a 250% increase in ethylene evolution in the susceptible wildtype SCI-1. The ethylene synthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine reduced the amount of ethylene induced by picloram in SCI-1 to control levels, but only reduced epinasty by 20% after 6 d. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine did nor affect the reduction in shoot weight caused by picloram. The ethylene-releasing compound ethephon induced only a small amount of epinasty and had little effect on shoot weight in either accession. These results suggest that ethylene induced by picloram in wildtype plants plays only a minor role in the herbicidal effects of picloram. Furthermore, the resistance of the RDW-1 accession is not due to the lack of ethylene biosynthesis following picloram application to this accession. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Sterling, TM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 46 IS 3 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZX297 UT WOS:000074501300004 ER PT J AU Risse, D Beiderbeck, H Taraz, K Budzikiewicz, H Gustine, D AF Risse, D Beiderbeck, H Taraz, K Budzikiewicz, H Gustine, D TI Bacterial constituents part LXXVII. Corrugatin, a lipopeptide siderophore from Pseudomonas corrugata SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE corrugatin; lipopeptide; siderophore; Pseudomonas corrugata ID HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; FLUORESCENS; PYOVERDINS; PATHOGEN; TOMATO; PUTIDA; BIOSURFACTANT; METABOLITES; ACID AB From the culture medium of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas corrugata, a lipopeptide siderophore was isolated that comprises interesting structural elements such as cyclic condensation products of the two amino groups of 2,4-diamino butyric acid with the carboxyl group of a second amino acid, and the rarely encountered L-threo-beta-hydroxy histidine. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Organ Chem, D-50939 Koln, Germany. ARS, USDA, Pasture Res Lab 109, PSWMRL, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Budzikiewicz, H (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Organ Chem, Greinstr 4, D-50939 Koln, Germany. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 53 IS 5-6 BP 295 EP 304 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZZ086 UT WOS:000074694300001 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL Meek, D AF Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL Meek, D TI Inconsistencies in net radiation estimates from use of several models of instruments in a desert environment SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Studies of surface energy and water balance generally require an accurate estimate of net radiation and its spatial distribution. A project quantifying both short term and seasonal water use of shrub and grass vegetation in the Jornada Experimental Range in New Mexico prompted a study to compare net radiation observations using two types of net radiometers currently being used in research. A set of 12 REBS net radiometers were compared with each other and one Swissteco, over wet and dry surfaces in an arid landscape under clear skies. The set of REBS exhibited significant differences in output over both surfaces. However, they could be cross calibrated to yield values within 10 W m(-2), on average. There was also a significant bias between the REBS and Swissteco over a dry surface, but not over a wet one. The two makes of instrument could be made to agree under the dry conditions by using regression or autoregrsssion techniques. However, the resulting equations would induce bias for the wet surface condition. Thus, it is not possible to cross calibrate these two makes of radiometer over the range of environmental conditions observed. This result indicates that determination of spatial distribution of net radiation over a variable surface should be made with identical instruments which have been cross calibrated. The need still exists for development of a radiometer and calibration procedures which will produce accurate and consistent measurements over a range of surface conditions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, Hydrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, Ames, IA USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol Lab, USDA, Room 104,Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 30 PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00062-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZW176 UT WOS:000074383300001 ER PT J AU Hollinger, DY Kelliher, FM Schulze, ED Bauer, G Arneth, A Byers, JN Hunt, JE McSeveny, TM Kobak, KI Milukova, I Sogatchev, A Tatarinov, F Varlargin, A Ziegler, W Vygodskaya, NN AF Hollinger, DY Kelliher, FM Schulze, ED Bauer, G Arneth, A Byers, JN Hunt, JE McSeveny, TM Kobak, KI Milukova, I Sogatchev, A Tatarinov, F Varlargin, A Ziegler, W Vygodskaya, NN TI Forest-atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange in eastern Siberia SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2; eddy correlation; Larix; stomatal control; carbon balance; boreal forest ID BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; XYLEM SAP FLOW; EDDY-CORRELATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; CO2; FLUX; BIOSPHERE; DROUGHT; CLIMATE AB We investigated the daily exchange of CO2 between undisturbed Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. forest and the atmosphere at a remote Siberian site during July and August of 1993. Our goal was to measure and partition total CO2 exchanges into aboveground and belowground components by measuring forest and understory eddy and storage fluxes and then to determine the relationships between the environmental factors and these observations of ecosystem metabolism. Maximum net CO2 uptake of the forest ecosystem was extremely low compared to the forests elsewhere, reaching a peak of only similar to 5 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) late in the morning. Net ecosystem CO2 uptake increased with increasing photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD) and decreased as the atmospheric water vapor saturation deficit (D) increased. Daytime ecosystem CO2 uptake increased immediately after rain and declined sharply after about six days of drought. Ecosystem respiration at night averaged similar to 2.4 mu mol m-2 s(-1) with about 40% of this coming from the forest floor (roots and heterotrophs). The relationship between the understory eddy flux and soil temperature at 5 cm followed an Arrhenius model, increasing exponentially with temperature (Q(10)similar to 2.3) so that on hot summer afternoons the ecosystem became a source of CO2. Tree canopy CO? exchange was calculated as the difference between above and below canopy eddy flux. Canopy uptake saturated at similar to 6 mu mol CO2 m-2 s(-1) for a PPFD above 500 mu mol m-2 s(-1) and decreased with increasing D. The optimal stomatal control model of Makela et al. (1996) was used as a 'big leaf' canopy model with parameter values determined by the non-linear least squares. The model accurately simulated the response of the forest to light, saturation deficit and drought. The precision of the model was such that the daily pattern of residuals between modeled and measured forest exchange reproduced the component storage flux. The model and independent leaf-level measurements suggest that the marginal water cost of plant C gain in Larix gmelinii is more similar to values from deciduous or desert species than other boreal forests. During the middle of the summer, the L. gmelinii forest ecosystem is generally a net sink for CO2, storing similar to 0.75 g C m(-2) d(-1). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. Univ Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenokol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. State Hydrol Inst, Dept Climate Change, St Petersburg, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Evolutionary Morphol & Anim, Moscow 117071, Russia. Comenius Univ, Dept Biophys & Chem Phys, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Hollinger, DY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Arneth, Almut/B-2702-2013; Schulze, Ernst-Detlef/K-9627-2014; OI Sogachev, Andrey/0000-0001-6683-695X NR 38 TC 95 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 30 PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00057-4 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZW176 UT WOS:000074383300004 ER PT J AU Shkap, V Cohen, I Leibovitz, B Pipano, SE Avni, G Shofer, S Giger, U Kappmeyer, L Knowles, D AF Shkap, V Cohen, I Leibovitz, B Pipano, SE Avni, G Shofer, S Giger, U Kappmeyer, L Knowles, D TI Seroprevalence of Babesia equi among horses in Israel using competitive inhibition ELISA and IFA assays SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia equi; horse; epidemiology protozoa; ELISA; IFA ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; CABALLI INFECTIONS; VIRUS-ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN EPITOPE; SERODIAGNOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; CFT; IIF AB Sera from 361 horses were tested by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA) and by competitive inhibition ELISA (cELISA), to detect antibodies to Babesia equi. The concordance between the assays was 95.7%. Application of a cutoff based on a calculated percent inhibition of < 20% gave a total of 22 discrepant results, while only 8 sera negative by the cELISA were found positive by the LFA when a cutoff of > 20% inhibition was used. Approximately one-third of all the horses tested were found serologically positive to B. equi, with more horses testing positive from northern Israel. Among horses raised with access to pasture there was a significant difference in the percentage of seropositive reactors (76.6% in the north and 20.1% in the central region), compared with horses without access to pasture (14.3 and 10.3%, respectively), Nineteen percent of stallions were found to be positive, which was significantly less than the proportions of seropositive mares and geldings: 38 acid 42%, respectively. No significant association was found between the mean age of horses and seroreactivity to B. equi. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Kimron Vet Inst, Dept Parasitol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Koret Sch Vet Med, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Shkap, V (reprint author), Kimron Vet Inst, Dept Parasitol, POB 12, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 30 PY 1998 VL 76 IS 4 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00228-8 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZR806 UT WOS:000074015700002 PM 9650862 ER PT J AU Ozias-Akins, P Roche, D Hanna, WW AF Ozias-Akins, P Roche, D Hanna, WW TI Tight clustering and hemizygosity of apomixis-linked molecular markers in Pennisetum squamulatum genetic control of apospory by a divergent locus that may have no allelic form in sexual genotypes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE GENES; APOMICTIC MODE; PLANTS; REPRODUCTION; INHERITANCE; SEGREGATION; BUFFELGRASS; SEQUENCES; GENOME; PLOIDY AB Apomixis is a naturally occurring mode of reproduction that results in embryo formation without the involvement of meiosis or fertilization of the egg, Seed derived progeny of an apomictic plant are genetically identical to the maternal parent. We are studying a form of apomixis called apospory that occurs in the genus Pennisetum a taxon in the grass family, A cultivated member of this genus, I,earl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), reproduces sexually. A wild relative of pearl millet, Pennisetum squamulatum, that is an obligate aposporous species, is cross-compatible with pearl millet when used as a pollen donor in the interspecific cross, We present herein the genetic mapping of 13 molecular markers in an interspecific hybrid population of 397 individuals that segregates for apomixis and sexuality. Surprisingly, 12 of the 13 markers strictly cosegregated with aposporous embryo sac development, clearly defining a contiguous apospory-specific genomic region in which no genetic recombination was detected, Lack of or suppression of recombination may be coincidentally associated with the chromosomal context of the apomixis locus or it may be a consequence of its evolution that is essential for preservation of gene function as has been previously shown in studies of complex loci in both plant and animal species. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 47 TC 122 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 28 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 9 BP 5127 EP 5132 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.9.5127 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZL269 UT WOS:000073415700063 PM 9560240 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DS Schmidt, RA Dent, JD AF Schmidt, DS Schmidt, RA Dent, JD TI Electrostatic force on saltating sand SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB In blizzards and sandstorms, wind transport of particles is associated with separation of electrostatic charge. Moving particles develop charge of sign opposite the electrostatic charge on stationary surface particles. This electrification produces forces in addition to the gravitational and fluid friction forces that determine trajectories for particles being transported in saltation. Evaluating electrostatic forces requires the electric field strength very near the saltation surface and charge-to-mass ratios for the moving particles. In a low-level blowing sand event we measured an average charge-to-mass ratio of +60 mu C kg(-1) on the saltating particles at 5-cm height and a maximum electric field of +166 kV m(-1) at 1.7-cm height, in wind gusts near 12 m s(-1) at 1.5-m height. The electrostatic force estimated from these measurements was equal in magnitude to the gravitational force on the saltating particles. Including electrostatic forces in the equations of motion for saltating particles may help explain discrepancies between measurements and models of saltation transport. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Schmidt, DS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM scotts@ce.montana.edu NR 22 TC 100 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D8 BP 8997 EP 9001 DI 10.1029/98JD00278 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZK155 UT WOS:000073290900033 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, D Cary, JW Ehrlich, KC Cleveland, TE Payne, GA AF Bhatnagar, D Cary, JW Ehrlich, KC Cleveland, TE Payne, GA TI Molecular characterization of an aflatoxin B-2 producing mutant strain of Aspergillus flavus. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 SU S MA 938 BP A1472 EP A1472 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 260QN UT WOS:000083961501092 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Cary, JW Montalbano, BG AF Ehrlich, KC Cary, JW Montalbano, BG TI Determination of promoter elements in the aflatoxin pathway polyketide synthase gene, pksA SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 SU S MA 947 BP A1473 EP A1473 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 260QN UT WOS:000083961501101 ER PT J AU Gireesh, T Sudhakaran, PR Jayadeep, A Rajasekharan, KN Menon, VP Vairamony, M Tang, G Qin, J Field, C Nair, PP AF Gireesh, T Sudhakaran, PR Jayadeep, A Rajasekharan, KN Menon, VP Vairamony, M Tang, G Qin, J Field, C Nair, PP TI Production of deuterated beta-carotene, biosynthetically, from Spirulina platensis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kerala, Dept Biochem, Trivandrum 695581, Kerala, India. Univ Kerala, Dept Chem, Trivandrum 695581, Kerala, India. Annamalai Univ, Dept Biochem, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 SU S MA 400 BP A1379 EP A1379 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 260QN UT WOS:000083961500553 ER PT J AU Okomoto, T Minamikawa, T Edwards, G Vakharia, V Herman, E AF Okomoto, T Minamikawa, T Edwards, G Vakharia, V Herman, E TI Posttranslational removal of the carboxyterminal KDEL of the cysteine protease SH-EP occurs prior to maturation of the enzyme SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 SU S MA 708 BP A1433 EP A1433 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 260QN UT WOS:000083961500862 ER PT J AU Suzuki, YJ Shi, SS Day, RM Chedid, M Blumberg, JB AF Suzuki, YJ Shi, SS Day, RM Chedid, M Blumberg, JB TI Homocysteine and other biothiols activate serum response factor. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 SU S MA 1010 BP A1484 EP A1484 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 260QN UT WOS:000083961501162 ER PT J AU Ullah, AHJ Sethumadhavan, K AF Ullah, AHJ Sethumadhavan, K TI Myo-inositol hexasulfate is a potent inhibitor of Aspergillus ficuum phytase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 SU S MA 795 BP A1448 EP A1448 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 260QN UT WOS:000083961500949 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Muren, JE Isaac, RE Lundquist, CT Karlsson, A Nassel, DR AF Nachman, RJ Muren, JE Isaac, RE Lundquist, CT Karlsson, A Nassel, DR TI An aminoisobutyric acid-containing analogue of the cockroach tachykinin-related peptide, LemTRP-1, with potent bioactivity and resistance to an insect angiotensin-converting enzyme SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE cockroach; Leucopheae maderae; locust; Locusta migratoria; myotropic neuropeptide; endopeptidase; hindgut contraction; electrophysiology ID SUBSTANCE-P; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; LOCUSTATACHYKININ-I; HYDROLYSIS; NEUROPEPTIDES; ENDOPEPTIDASE; HOMOLOGY; HINDGUT; FAMILY; BRAIN AB Nine tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs), designated LemTRP-1-9, were recently isolated from the cockroach, Leucopheae maderae. To obtain a LemTRP resistant to endo-and exoprotease-mediated hydrolysis, we synthesized a peptide with one of the carboxy terminus residues substituted for a sterically hindered aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and with the amino terminus blocked with a pyroglutamate. The Aib-containing analogue of the nonapeptide LemTRP-1 (Aib-LemTRP-1) thus has the sequence pGlu-Ala-Pro-Ser-Gly-Phe-Leu-Aib-Val-Arg-NH2. This analogue was shown to be resistant to hydrolysis by recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), from Drosophila melanogaster. Endogenous LemTRP-1 on the other hand was rapidly hydrolysed by ACE at the Gly(7)-Val(8) bond, resulting in a single heptapeptide. The Aib-LemTRP-1 has about the same potency as LemTRP-1 in inducing contractions of the L. maderae hindgut muscle. It was also tested in intracellular recordings for ability to induce firing of action potentials in dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust Locusta migratoria. The Aib-containing analogue was nearly as active as LemTRP-1 and the natural Ligand locustatachykinin I. LemTRP-1 and Aib-LemTRP-1 had the same transient time course of action on the cockroach hindgut. This suggests that peptide degradation is not likely to be the cause of the transient action of TRPs. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, Vet Entomol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Pure & Appl Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Nassel, DR (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD APR 24 PY 1998 VL 74 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0167-0115(98)00019-6 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA ZR667 UT WOS:000074001700010 PM 9657361 ER PT J AU Brockway, DG Outcalt, KW Wilkins, RN AF Brockway, DG Outcalt, KW Wilkins, RN TI Restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems: plant cover, diversity and biomass following low-rate hexazinone application on Florida sandhills SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Pinus palustris Mill.; Aristida stricta Michx.; Quercus laeris Walt.; Sporobolus curtissii (Vasey) Small ex-Scriba.; Andropogon virginicus L.; herbicide ID SITE-PREPARATION; FOREST; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; HISTORY; FIRE; PERSISTENCE; WATERSHEDS; MOBILITY; SOIL AB A longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem in the sandhills of north central Florida, upon which turkey oak gained dominance following a wildfire, was treated with low-rate (1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha) applications of the herbicide hexazinone during the 1991 growing season. All applications successfully reduced oak in the overstory and understory, mortality ranging from 83 to 93% The declining competition from oaks was associated with progressive increases in foliar cover of wiregrass, all graminoids and forbs over time. Plant species diversity declined in the initial year. but recovered by the second growing season. Species richness increased overall, while evenness declined with the continuing expansion of wiregrass. Initial increases in the standing biomass of wiregrass did not persist beyond the second growing season. The broadcast application method exposed a greater number of understory plants to con:act with hexazinone, resulting in initial declines in forb cover, species richness and diversity. Although recovery was noted in subsequent years, because of lower selectivity this broadcast application method is not recommended as a restoration technique, Spot application of liquid hexazinone was generally more selective in its effect upon the plant community. The 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha application rates, while producing an initial year reduction in diversity and evenness, resulted in increases in the cover of all graminoids and forbs and the highest species richness. While both application rates are useful, the 2.2 kg/ha application is most effective in controlling woody plant competition and stimulating increases in wiregrass and is therefore recommended for restoring xeric sandhills and similar longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Port Blakely Tree Farms, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. RP Brockway, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2205 Columbia Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 109 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00186-2 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZJ619 UT WOS:000073234900006 ER PT J AU DeGraaf, RM Hestbeck, JB Yamasaki, M AF DeGraaf, RM Hestbeck, JB Yamasaki, M TI Associations between breeding bird abundance and stand structure in the White Mountains, New Hampshire and Maine, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bird habitat; forest birds; forest management effects; forest cover-type and birds; timber size-class and birds; forest structure and birds ID VEGETATION STRUCTURE; HABITAT SELECTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; PASSERINE BIRDS; COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; TRENDS AB Assessment of faunal distribution in relation to landscape features is becoming increasingly popular. Technological advances in remote sensing have encouraged regional analyses of the distributions of terrestrial vertebrates. Comparisons of the: strength of association of habitat characteristics at various scales of measurement of habitat structure are rare. We compared the associations of forest-type, stand size-class, and stand structure to abundance of breeding bird species in managed forest in northern New England, We surveyed breeding birds and measured stand structure in 20 stands to test the hypothesis that forest cover-type, stand size-class, and structure variables were equally associated with numbers of forest birds. We fit regression models to data from each data source to predict the log number of individuals for each species. We restricted our analyses to cover-types with > 1 size-class and to size-classes representing > 1 cover-type, and restricted our comparisons to bird species with at least 10 observations/yr for 2 yr. Of 31 bird species that met our criteria for analysis, a significant(P < 0.05) association was detected between bird abundance and structure data for 30 species. cover-type data fur 19 species, and size-class data for 10 species. Stand structure was the best predictor of bird abundance for 25 species, cover-type for 5 species, and size-class for none. Of the 14 structure variables used in the analyses, total foliage volume of large and mid-size deciduous trees, density of mid-size trees, total woody stem density, total deciduous understory volume and total volume of large conifers were most frequently important in explaining variation in species abundances. Although path species had a unique set of structural affinities, multi-layered stands are apparently more important to long-distance migrants, in general, than to resident/short distance migrants. Large-scale efforts to identify important habitats, assess degree of protection, or monitor species/habitat trends are important to conservation. For forest birds, such efforts must include estimates of the factors to which the species of concern respond. At the stand scale in New England, it seems that bird abundance is more strongly associated with forest structure than with forest cover-type or stand size-class. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP DeGraaf, RM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 74 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00213-2 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZJ619 UT WOS:000073234900011 ER PT J AU Jarvinen, MK Morrow-Tesch, J McGlone, JJ Powley, TL AF Jarvinen, MK Morrow-Tesch, J McGlone, JJ Powley, TL TI Effects of diverse developmental environments on neuronal morphology in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE auditory cortex; Golgi-Cox; somatosensory cortex; stellate neuron; visual cortex ID MONKEY STRIATE CORTEX; RAT VISUAL-CORTEX; DIFFERENTIAL EXPERIENCE; MACACA-NEMESTRINA; STELLATE NEURONS; MINIATURE SWINE; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; AREA 17; DENDRITES; SPINE AB Potential effects of environmental rearing conditions on the brains of farm animals have not been examined experimentally, with the exception of one report for pig somatosensory cortex. The goal of the present experiment was to determine whether different developmental environments in use in agricultural production units affect neuronal morphology in the pig cerebral cortex. Littermate female pigs (gilts) were cross-fostered at birth and reared in either an indoor (n=6) or outdoor (n=6) production unit for 8 weeks. Additional littermates (n=6) were sacrificed at 3 days of age to provide a developmental reference point. Brains were fixed by perfusion and stained by the Golgi-Cox method. The primary somatosensory, auditory and visual cortices were sectioned at 170 mu m, and layer IV stellate neurons (n=492) were digitized and 3-dimensionally reconstructed. Measurements of dendritic length, membrane surface area, total number of segments, number of 1st- through 7th-order dendrites, spine density, soma area, and soma form factor were taken. In auditory cortex neurons, outdoor pigs compared to indoor pigs had (a) significantly more primary dendrites, (b) significantly greater spine density, and (c) trends of increases both in number of 2nd- and 3rd-order dendrites and in total dendritic length. In visual cortex neurons, indoor pigs had significantly more 7th-order dendrites, whereas in all three cortical areas, the indoor animals had more 5th-order dendrites. Multiple morphological differences occurred in stellate cell populations between the three sensory areas of the Week 8 pigs. Also, within different cortical areas, dendritic morphology changed substantially from 3 days to 8 weeks of age. Further investigations are needed to determine which environmental factors are critical in producing the observed changes in brain morphology and whether other brain effects may be produced by varying developmental environments. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Powley, TL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 165 Peirce Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM powleytl@psych.purdue.edu NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD APR 17 PY 1998 VL 107 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0165-3806(97)00210-1 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA ZL162 UT WOS:000073405000003 ER PT J AU Hancock, DD Besser, TE Rice, DH Ebel, ED Herriott, DE Carpenter, LV AF Hancock, DD Besser, TE Rice, DH Ebel, ED Herriott, DE Carpenter, LV TI Multiple sources of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlots and dairy farms in the northwestern USA SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cattle microbiological diseases; Escherichia coli; USA ID PROBES; CATTLE AB Samples from cattle, other domestic and wild animals, flies, feeds, and water-troughs were collected from 12 cattle farms and tested for Escherichia coli O157. E. coli O157 was isolated from bovine fecal samples on all 12 farms with a within herd prevalence ranging from 1.1% to 6.1%. E. coli O157 was also found in 1 of 90 (1.1%) equine fecal samples, 2 of 65 (3.1%) canine fecal samples, 1 of 200 pooled bird samples (0.5%), 2 of 60 pooled fly samples (3.3%), and 10 of 320 (3.1%) water-trough sample sets (biofilm and water). No E. coli O157 were isolated from 300 rodents, 33 cats, 34 assorted wildlife, or 335 cattle feed samples. Indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of XbaI digested chromosomal DNA and Shiga toxin types were observed for bovine and water-trough isolates from two farms and for one equine and two bovine isolates from one farm. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Field Dis Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Boise, ID 83709 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Salem, OR 97301 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. RP Hancock, DD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Field Dis Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hancock@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 19 TC 176 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD APR 16 PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(98)00050-6 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZR741 UT WOS:000074009100002 PM 9638776 ER PT J AU Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD Kramer, LA AF Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD Kramer, LA TI Agricultural chemical movement through a field-size watershed in Iowa: Subsurface hydrology and distribution of nitrate in groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE WATERS; HERBICIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATRAZINE AB A 40-ha field is under study in the loess hills of southwestern Iowa to determine the impact of corn production in ridge-tilled soils on the nitrate-nitrogen loading in groundwater. Within the vadose zone, nitrate concentration between June 1989 and December 1991 ranged from <10 to >80 mg/L. Well water concentrations increased from <5 mg/L in 1972 to >60 mg/L in 1994. In both hydrogeologic compartments, time of sampling and landscape position are important factors influencing concentrations. The unsaturated zone groundwater system has a high potential for storage of unutilized nitrogen as nitrate. Leaching resulted in the drinking water MCL being exceeded for several wells screened within the saturated loess, which is characterized by relatively high hydraulic conductivity. Concentrations within and below the loess-glacial till interface did not exceed the standard. A conservative solute transport model was used to predict the concentration of nitrate exiting the field in basin drainage. Denitrification in which nitrate is reduced to nitrite by autotrophic bacteria and then further reduced geochemically to nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, or nitrogen may be an important mechanism for reducing the nitrate concentration within selected landscape positions, especially those in near proximity to the water table. Due to its relatively rapid conductance of both water and applied agchemicals, the loess hills represent a vulnerable agricultural landscape on which nitrogen fertilization impacts groundwater quality. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, NSTL, Deep Loess Res Stn, Council Bluffs, IA 51503 USA. RP Steinheimer, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steinheimer@nstl.gov NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1039 EP 1047 DI 10.1021/es970598j PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZH500 UT WOS:000073117300004 ER PT J AU Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD Kramer, LA AF Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD Kramer, LA TI Agricultural chemical movement through a field size watershed in Iowa: Surface hydrology and nitrate losses in discharge SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; CONSERVATION; TILLAGE; RUNOFF AB Nonpoint source pollution of: surface water by nitrate from agricultural activities is a national problem. An agricultural watershed in the Iowa Loess Hills with a 23-year history of annual corn production with average N fertilization is studied. Headcut seepage is transported through a natural riparian zone and observed as weir baseflow; surface runoff is measured separately. Nitrate runoff graphs illustrate the importance of high-frequency sampling of each event to permit quantitative estimation of chemical loss. The concentration of nitrate carried from the field in basin drainage steadily increased from <1 mg L-1 in 1969 to >20 mg L-1 in 1991. The rate of cumulative increase in the amount of applied N is greater than the rate of removal by the crop. Over the 23-year record, 23% of the mean annual application of N remains stored and available for leaching or chemical conversion by soil microbes. Nitrate removal during early spring snowmelt surface runoff shows a diurnal pattern that corresponds to the daily freezing and thawing of the surface soil in early March. Contribution to the toad of nitrate deposited on the soil surface by rainfall is very small in comparison to the amount applied by fertilizer application. Measurable changes in water quality within various hydrogeologic compartments are seldom observed in just a few years of monitoring. Therefore, these results emphasize the importance of long-term data sets incorporating temporal variability when evaluating the impact of agricultural practices on surface water resources. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, NSTL, Deep Loess Res Stn, Council Bluffs, IA 51503 USA. RP Steinheimer, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1048 EP 1052 DI 10.1021/es970728o PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZH500 UT WOS:000073117300005 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Kim, YI Baik, HW Mason, JB AF Choi, SW Kim, YI Baik, HW Mason, JB TI Folate deficiency induces DNA strand breaks within the APC gene of the rat colon. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA G2375 BP A580 EP A580 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089602359 ER PT J AU Chung, KY Mullick, T Motevalli, M Vinayek, S Tantry, UK Nair, PP Dutta, SK AF Chung, KY Mullick, T Motevalli, M Vinayek, S Tantry, UK Nair, PP Dutta, SK TI Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of CD44 expression in fecal colonocytes as a noninvasive marker for detecting colonic polyps and cancer. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sinai Hosp, Dept Med, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA G2377 BP A580 EP A580 DI 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)82361-5 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089602361 ER PT J AU Kim, YI Puchyr, M Medline, A Salomon, RN Graeme-Cook, F Choi, SW Mason, JB AF Kim, YI Puchyr, M Medline, A Salomon, RN Graeme-Cook, F Choi, SW Mason, JB TI The effect of dietary folate on p53 mutations in the dimethylhydrazine rat model of colon cancer. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Pathol, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA G2571 BP A625 EP A625 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089602553 ER PT J AU Mullick, T Motevalli, M Vinayek, S Tantry, UK Nair, PP Dutta, SK AF Mullick, T Motevalli, M Vinayek, S Tantry, UK Nair, PP Dutta, SK TI Distribution of heat shock protein 70 expression in human upper gastrointestinal tract and small intestine. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sinai Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA G4772 BP A1166 EP A1166 DI 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)84742-2 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089604740 ER PT J AU Nichols, BL Avery, S Hahn, D Sterchi, EE AF Nichols, BL Avery, S Hahn, D Sterchi, EE TI Promoter region of human maltase-glucoamylase (MGA) gene differs from sucraseisomaltase (SIM). SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, CNRC, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA G1639 BP A402 EP A402 DI 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)81628-4 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089601628 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Liu, C Chung, J Stickel, F Seitz, HK Russell, RM AF Wang, XD Liu, C Chung, J Stickel, F Seitz, HK Russell, RM TI Chronic alcohol intake inhibits retinoic acid synthesis and up-regulates AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos) gene expression in rats. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Salem Med Ctr, Dept Med, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA L0672 BP A1362 EP A1362 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089605530 ER PT J AU McClatchey, AI Saotome, I Mercer, K Crowley, D Gusella, JF Bronson, RT Jacks, T AF McClatchey, AI Saotome, I Mercer, K Crowley, D Gusella, JF Bronson, RT Jacks, T TI Mice heterozygous for a mutation at the Nf2 tumor suppressor locus develop a range of highly metastatic tumors SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE merlin; NF2; tumor suppressor; cytoskeleton; osteosarcoma; metastasis ID TRANSGENIC MICE; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE-2; GENE-PRODUCT; T-ANTIGEN; PROTEIN; MERLIN; EZRIN; MOESIN; CELLS; SCHWANNOMIN AB A role for the membrane/cytoskeleton interface in the development and progression of cancer is established, yet poorly understood. The neurofibromatosis type II (NF2) turner suppressor gene encodes a member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of membrane/cytoskeleton linker proteins thought to be important for cell adhesion and motility. We report that in contrast to the narrow spectrum of benign tumors in human NF2 patients, Nf2 heterozygous mice develop a variety of malignant tumors. Using the fact that Nf2 is linked to the p53 tumor suppressor locus in the mouse we have also investigated the effects of genetic linkage of cancer-predisposing mutations on tumorigenesis and examined the genetic pathway to tumor formation involving Nf2 loss. Importantly, we observed a very high rate of metastasis associated with Nf2 deficiency, with or without loss of p53 function, and we provide experimental evidence supporting a role for Nf2 loss in metastatic potential. Together, our results suggest an important role for the NF2 tumor suppressor, and perhaps the ERM family in tumor formation and metastasis. C1 Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol, USDA,Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp E, Mol Neurogenet Unit, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. RP McClatchey, AI (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. NR 51 TC 253 Z9 258 U1 2 U2 11 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1121 EP 1133 DI 10.1101/gad.12.8.1121 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZK236 UT WOS:000073299000006 PM 9553042 ER PT J AU Chuck, G Meeley, RB Hake, S AF Chuck, G Meeley, RB Hake, S TI The control of maize spikelet meristem fate by the APETALA2-like gene indeterminate spikelet1 SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE meristem; spikelet; indeterminate spikelet1; APETALA2; determinacy ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; SEX DETERMINATION; HOMEOBOX GENES; ZEA-MAYS; INITIATION; EXPRESSION; INFLORESCENCE; AINTEGUMENTA AB The orderly production of meristems with specific fates is crucial for the proper elaboration of plant architecture. The maize inflorescence meristem branches several times to produce lateral meristems with determinate fates. The first meristem formed, the spikelet pair meristem, produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems. We have identified a gene called indeterminate spikelet1 (ids1) that specifies a determinate spikelet meristem fate and thereby limits the number of floral meristems produced. In the absence of ids1 gene function, the spikelet meristem becomes indeterminate and produces additional florets. Members of the grass family vary in the number of florets within their spikelets, suggesting that ids1 may play a role in inflorescence architecture in other grass species. ids1 is a member of the APETALA2 (AP2) gene family of transcription factors that has been implicated in a wide range of plant development roles. Expression of ids1 was detected in many types of lateral organ primordia as well as spikelet meristems. Our analysis of the ids1 mutant phenotype and expression pattern indicates that ids1 specifies determinate fates by suppressing indeterminate growth within the spikelet meristem. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 40 TC 163 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 15 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1145 EP 1154 DI 10.1101/gad.12.8.1145 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZK236 UT WOS:000073299000008 PM 9553044 ER PT J AU Groenen, MAM Crooijmans, RPMA Veenendaal, A Cheng, HH Siwek, M van der Poel, JJ AF Groenen, MAM Crooijmans, RPMA Veenendaal, A Cheng, HH Siwek, M van der Poel, JJ TI A comprehensive microsatellite linkage map of the chicken genome SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-MAP; MARKERS AB A comprehensive linkage map of the chicken genome has been developed by segregation analysis of 430 microsatellite markers within a cross between two extreme broiler lines. The population used to construct the linkage map consists of 10 families with a total of 458 F2 individuals, The number of informative meioses per marker varied from 100 to 900 with an average of 400. The markers were placed into 27 autosomal linkage groups and a Z-chromosome-specific linkage group, In addition, 6 markers were unlinked, 1 of which was Z chromosome specific, The coverage within linkage groups is 3062 cM. Although, as in other species, the genetic map of the heterogametic sex (female) is shorter than the genetic map of the homogametic sex (male), the overall difference in length is small (1.15%), Forty-five of the markers represent identified genes or ESTs. Database homology searches with the anonymous markers resulted in the identification of a further 9 genes, bringing the total number of genes/ESTs on the current map to 54. The mapping of these genes led to the identification of two new regions of conserved synteny between human and chicken and confirmed other previously identified regions of conserved synteny between human and chicken. The linkage map has 210 markers in common with the linkage maps based on the East Lansing and Compton reference populations, and most of the corresponding linkage groups in the different maps can be readily aligned. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Agr Univ Wageningen, Dept Anim Breeding, Wageningen Inst Anim Sci, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Groenen, MAM (reprint author), Agr Univ Wageningen, Dept Anim Breeding, Wageningen Inst Anim Sci, Marijkeweg 40, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; van der Poel, Jan/E-5104-2012; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012 OI Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; NR 36 TC 93 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 2 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1006/geno.1998.5225 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZN543 UT WOS:000073656400012 PM 9598314 ER PT J AU Kronick, PL Cooke, P AF Kronick, PL Cooke, P TI Destabilization of collagen in hide and leather by anionic surfactants. II. Calorimetry of the reaction of collagen with sulfates SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE collagen; surfactants; calorimetry; segment-long-spacing; anionic; titration; sodium lauryl sulfate; castor oil AB Leather, a textile based on collagen, usually requires the addition of sulfated oils that have been recently found to cause instability when heated in critical manufacturing processes. Here reactions between collagen and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sulfated castor oil, or a synthetic sulfated oil are studied calorimetrically. Sodium lauryl sulfate below its critical micelle concentration (cmc) displayed an immediate exotherm due to equilibrium binding of the reagents with stoichiometry n = 12.6 +/- 0.2, K = (2.02 +/- 0.8) x 10(7) M-1, and enthalpy Delta H = 62 +/- 2 Kcal/mol; and a delayed endotherm due to denaturation of collagen. The endotherms accompanying the reactions with sulfated oils with longer chains were smaller, with no apparent denaturation of collagen. The micellar nature of these surfactants was apparent from very large n for sulfated castor oil, 4082 +/- 11 and a very small value of Delta H, 0.77 +/- 0.01 cal/mol. The binding of sulfated castor oil at the polar bands of collagen crystallites, comprising extended molecules arranged side-by-side, was shown directly by electron microscopy. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kronick, PL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 805 EP 813 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19980415)36:5<805::AID-POLB8>3.0.CO;2-J PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YY875 UT WOS:000072195900008 ER PT J AU Duhaime, RA Norden, D Corso, B Mallonee, S Salman, MD AF Duhaime, RA Norden, D Corso, B Mallonee, S Salman, MD TI Disaster medicine - Injuries and illnesses in working dogs used during the disaster response after the bombing in Oklahoma City SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objectives-To determine characteristics of working dogs used during the disaster response after the bombing in Oklahoma City and risk factors for injuries and illnesses of those dogs, and to document recommendations for future disaster responses. Design-Survey. Study Population-lnformation for 74 working dogs used at the bombing site. Procedures-Dog handlers were identified and asked to complete a questionnaire. Questions were asked about the training and use of each dog, use of paw protection, injuries and illnesses incurred, possible effects after completion of duty at Oklahoma City, and handler's experience. Results-Data were obtained for all 74 dogs used at the site. Handlers of 69 of 74 (93%) dogs responded. The dogs had been extensively trained and were used 491 dog-days at the site, with 46 dogs used in search, 14 in patrol, 12 in explosive-detection duty, and 2 in search/patrol. Fifteen (22%) dogs became ill. Nineteen (28%) dogs incurred 20 injuries. Footpad injuries constituted 18 of the injuries. Only 16 of 69 (23%) dogs were provided with paw protection. Dogs were more likely to be injured when they were used in a search capacity, were used during the first 2 days after the bombing, were German Shepherd Dogs, or were older. Clinical Implications-Although working in a high-risk environment, injuries to dogs were few, and most were minor. Specific recommendations could facilitate use of dogs in disaster situations and improve safety for those dogs. C1 Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Serv 0307, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Dis Informat & Anal, Ctr Epidemiol, USDA,APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Dis Informat & Anal, Ctr Anim Hlth, USDA,APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Duhaime, RA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Serv 0307, 1000 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 212 IS 8 BP 1202 EP 1207 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZH658 UT WOS:000073134100020 PM 9569152 ER PT J AU Apley, MD Brown, SA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ferenc, S House, JK Riviere, JE Rice, LB Thornsberry, C Waddell, J AF Apley, MD Brown, SA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ferenc, S House, JK Riviere, JE Rice, LB Thornsberry, C Waddell, J TI AAVPT Task Force Report - Role of veterinary therapeutics in bacterial resistance development: animal and public health perspectives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Anim Hlth Drug Metab, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Int Life Sci Inst, Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Food Anim Residue Avoidance Databank, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect 1110W, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. MRL Pharmaceut Serv, Brentwood, TN 37027 USA. Sutton Vet Clin, Sutton, NE 68979 USA. RP Apley, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Riviere, Jim/A-9210-2008 OI Riviere, Jim/0000-0001-8412-9650 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 212 IS 8 BP 1209 EP 1213 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZH658 UT WOS:000073134100021 PM 9569153 ER PT J AU Vogel, JP Woeste, KE Theologis, A Kieber, JJ AF Vogel, JP Woeste, KE Theologis, A Kieber, JJ TI Recessive and dominant mutations in the ethylene biosynthetic gene ACS5 of Arabidopsis confer cytokinin insensitivity and ethylene overproduction, respectively SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE hormone biosynthesis; plant hormones ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE GENE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; EXPRESSION CHARACTERISTICS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OXIDASE HOMOLOGS; HIGHER-PLANTS; TOMATO; THALIANA; FAMILY AB We identified a set of cytokinin-insensitive mutants by using a screen based on the ethylene-mediated triple response observed after treatment with low levels of cytokinins. One group of these mutants disrupts ACS5, a member of the Arabidopsis gene family that encodes 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, the first enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis. The ACS5 isoform is mainly responsible for the sustained rise in ethylene biosynthesis observed in response to low levels of cytokinin and appears to be regulated primarily by a posttranscriptional mechanism, Furthermore, the dominant ethylene-overproducing mutant eto2 was found to be the result of an alteration of the carboxy terminus of ACS5, suggesting that this domain acts as a negative regulator of ACS5 function. C1 Univ Illinois, Mol Biol Res Facil, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Sci Biol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kieber, JJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Mol Biol Res Facil, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Sci Biol, M-C 567,900 Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; OI Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 NR 49 TC 201 Z9 214 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 14 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 8 BP 4766 EP 4771 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.8.4766 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZH535 UT WOS:000073120800125 PM 9539813 ER PT J AU Chiou, TJ Bush, DR AF Chiou, TJ Bush, DR TI Sucrose is a signal molecule in assimilate partitioning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SINK-REGULATION; COMPANION CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; HIGHER-PLANTS; H+ SYMPORTER; EXPRESSION; PHLOEM; LEAVES; GENE AB The proton-sucrose symporter mediates the key transport step in the resource distribution system that allows many plants to function as multicellular organisms. In the results reported here, we identify sucrose as a signaling molecule in a previously undescribed signal-transduction pathway that regulates the symporter. Sucrose symporter activity declined in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from leaves fed exogenous sucrose via the xylem transpiration stream. Symporter activity dropped to 35-50% of water controls when the leaves were fed 100 mM sucrose and to 20-25% of controls with 250 mM sucrose. In contrast, alanine symporter and glucose transporter activities did not change in response to sucrose treatments. Decreased sucrose symporter activity was detectable after 8 h and reached a maximum by 24 h. Kinetic analysis of transport activity showed a decrease in V-max. RNA gel blot analysis revealed a decrease in symporter message levels, suggesting a drop in transcriptional activity or a decrease in mRNA stability. Control experiments showed that these responses were not the result of changing osmotic conditions. Equal molar concentrations of hexoses did not elicit the response, and mannoheptulose, a hexokinase inhibitor, did not block the sucrose effect. These data are consistent with a sucrose-specific response pathway that is not mediated by hexokinase as the sugar sensor. Sucrose-dependent changes in the sucrose symporter were reversible, suggesting this sucrose-sensing pathway can modulate transport activity as a function of changing sucrose concentrations in the leaf. These results demonstrate the existence of a signaling pathway that can control assimilate partitioning at the level of phloem translocation. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bush, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 190 Madigan Labs, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 40 TC 247 Z9 274 U1 2 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 14 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 8 BP 4784 EP 4788 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.8.4784 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZH535 UT WOS:000073120800128 PM 9539816 ER PT J AU Cohen, PA AF Cohen, PA TI Southeast Asian scientists and US graduate programs SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Cohen, PA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 10 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 5361 BP 179 EP + PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZH195 UT WOS:000073082400003 ER PT J AU Chen, J Henderson, G Grimm, CC Lloyd, SW Laine, RA AF Chen, J Henderson, G Grimm, CC Lloyd, SW Laine, RA TI Termites fumigate their nests with naphthalene SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biochem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Laine, Roger A/B-9434-2014 OI Laine, Roger A/0000-0001-5984-4409 NR 10 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 19 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 9 PY 1998 VL 392 IS 6676 BP 558 EP 559 DI 10.1038/33305 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZG300 UT WOS:000072987200037 ER PT J AU Devoe, NN Cole, TG AF Devoe, NN Cole, TG TI Growth and yield in mangrove forests of the Federated States of Micronesia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diameter increment; volume increment; rotations; silviculture; Rhizophora ID PRODUCTIVITY; BIOMASS AB Permanent mangrove forest plots in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) were installed in 1983 and remeasured during 1990-92. Species from slowest to fastest growing as determined by mean annual diameter increments over all size classes were Rhizophora apiculata (0.25 cm yr(-1)), Xylocarpus granatum (0.31 cm yr(-1)), Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (0.35 cm yr(-1)), Rhizophora mucronata (0.37 cm yr(-1)), and Sonneratia alba (0.49 cm yr(-1)). The FSM-level mean annual volume increment was 4.5 m(3) ha(-1) yr(-1), with an additional 0.7 m(3) ha(-1) yr(-1) harvested during the measurement interval. Results of this study are comparable to values obtained in Southeast Asia. Species-specific rotation lengths varied as much as six-fold between samples including all trees and those including only the fastest-growing trees within each size class. High variability in growth rates among trees and plots suggests considerable scope for gains in productivity through silvicultural interventions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Canterbury, Sch Forestry, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Cole, TG (reprint author), Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 6 PY 1998 VL 103 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00176-X PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZE182 UT WOS:000072766400004 ER PT J AU Schmerr, MJ Cutlip, RC Jenny, A AF Schmerr, MJ Cutlip, RC Jenny, A TI Capillary isoelectric focusing of the scrapie prion protein SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis and Related Microscale Techniques CY JUL 08-11, 1997 CL KYOTO INST TECHNOL, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Anal Chem, Himeji Inst Technol, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit HO KYOTO INST TECHNOL DE isoelectric focusing; proteins; prion proteins ID SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; FIBRILS AB Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies belong to a group of neurodegenerative diseases that infect both animals and humans. These diseases are associated with an accumulation of fibrils in the brains of infected individuals. These fibrils are composed of an abnormal isoform of a host-encoded glycoprotein that is characterized by its insolubility and partial resistance to proteases. Another characteristic of the scrapie prion protein (PrPsc) is the wide range of isoelectric points (pI values) that have been observed on conventional isoelectrofocusing gels. In this study, we explored the use of capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) to characterize the pI values for PrPsc isolated from sheep and hamster brain, We used a Beckman 5500 P/ACE using UV detection at 280 nm. A cIEF 3-10 Kit from Beckman Instruments was used to perform the analysis. The PrPsc was solubilized in 0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.00 containing 2 mM EDTA, 5% SDS and 10% hexafluoroisopropanol at 100 degrees C for 10 min. The solubilized PrPsc was placed over a high-performance hydrophilic interaction column. After elution, the peaks were concentrated and assayed for immunoreactivity with specific antisera. The peaks that contained immunoreactivity were then placed on the cIEF capillary. The samples containing PrPsc were solubilized in 1% n-octylglucoside before isoelectric focusing. The scrapie infected sheep sample had peaks with pI values ranging from 5.2 to 3.00 with a major peak at 3.09. The normal sheep blain had pI values that were higher. The hamster adapted scrapie strain had peaks with pI values ranging from 6.47 to 3.8. These pI values were slightly higher than those obtained for the sheep samples. The use of cIEF to determine the pI values of PrPsc led to the identification of a major species of PrPsc from sheep with a very acidic pI. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Schmerr, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 3 PY 1998 VL 802 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01120-5 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZJ471 UT WOS:000073219000016 PM 9588016 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Cho, TS Obst, JR Landucci, LL AF Agarwal, UP Cho, TS Obst, JR Landucci, LL TI Acetylation of TMP: Can selective derivatization of phenols be carried out?. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 052-CELL BP U141 EP U141 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400447 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Atalla, RH AF Agarwal, UP Atalla, RH TI Using Raman spectroscopy to identify chromophores in lignin/lignocellulosics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 036-CELL BP U136 EP U137 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400431 ER PT J AU Akim, EL AF Akim, EL TI Structural physical chemistry of cellulose: Fundamental and applied aspects. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 050-CELL BP U140 EP U141 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400445 ER PT J AU Baianu, IC Mora-Gutierrez, A Kumosinski, TF Bechtel, PJ AF Baianu, IC Mora-Gutierrez, A Kumosinski, TF Bechtel, PJ TI An NMR study of myofibrillar protein interactions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dept Food Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 310-POLY BP U435 EP U435 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA912 UT WOS:000072414501421 ER PT J AU Bertoniere, NR Howley, PS Lee, RE AF Bertoniere, NR Howley, PS Lee, RE TI Hydrogen bonding patterns in celluloses from different sources. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 045-CELL BP U139 EP U139 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400440 ER PT J AU Burkhead, KD Slininger, PJ Schisler, DA AF Burkhead, KD Slininger, PJ Schisler, DA TI Compounds produced by biocontrol strain Enterobacter cloacae S11 : T : 07 (NRRL B-21050) control potato disease. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 002-AGRO BP U25 EP U25 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400078 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Dunn, LB Berhow, M Cotta, M Burkhead, K AF Cote, GL Dunn, LB Berhow, M Cotta, M Burkhead, K TI Chemistry and scouting: ACS and BSA working together for public awareness of chemistry among youth. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 052-CHED BP U180 EP U181 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400568 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Allen, SN AF Dayan, FE Allen, SN TI Predicting the activity of natural and synthetic protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting phytotoxins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, NPURU, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 023-AGFD BP U7 EP U8 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400023 ER PT J AU Dunn, LB AF Dunn, LB TI Desktop molecular modeling products for the Macintosh (and PCS) from the carbohydrate chemist's point of view. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 037-AGFD BP U11 EP U11 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400037 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV AF Edwards, JV TI Synthesis and formulation of covalently and ionically bound peptido-cellulose conjugates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 047-CELL BP U140 EP U140 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400442 ER PT J AU Epstein, RL Wilson, C AF Epstein, RL Wilson, C TI Marketing agricultural commodities internationally. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 079-AGRO BP U47 EP U48 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400153 ER PT J AU French, AD Jursic, BS AF French, AD Jursic, BS TI Quantum mechanical models of linear hydrogen bonds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 039-CARB BP U116 EP U116 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400367 ER PT J AU French, AD Dowd, MK AF French, AD Dowd, MK TI Intrinsic and environmental effects on the conformation of cellobiose and other beta-(1,4)-linked disaccharides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 035-AGFD BP U11 EP U11 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400038 ER PT J AU Hamed, OA Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Vigo, TL Niemczura, WP Maskos, K AF Hamed, OA Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Vigo, TL Niemczura, WP Maskos, K TI Poly-[(6-Phenyl-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-methyl)-1,4-anhydroglucose], or 6-Phenyl-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-methylcellulose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, HARC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 046-CELL BP U139 EP U139 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400441 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL Bucks, DA Horton, ML AF Hatfield, JL Bucks, DA Horton, ML TI The midwest water-quality initiative: Research experiences at multiple scales. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 008-AGRO BP U27 EP U27 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400083 ER PT J AU Johnson, WE Rice, CP Hall, LW AF Johnson, WE Rice, CP Hall, LW TI Stream response to runoff events in two small agricultural watersheds in Maryland's coastal plain. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 022-AGRO BP U31 EP U31 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400097 ER PT J AU Kanwar, RS Moorman, TB Karlen, DL AF Kanwar, RS Moorman, TB Karlen, DL TI Effect of banding and swine manure application on herbicide transport to subsurface drains SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 030-AGRO BP U33 EP U33 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400105 ER PT J AU Lerch, RN Alberts, EE Ghidey, F Blanchard, PE AF Lerch, RN Alberts, EE Ghidey, F Blanchard, PE TI Herbicide transport in surface water at field, watershed, and basin scales. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 029-AGRO BP U33 EP U33 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400104 ER PT J AU Liu, JG Benedict, CR Stipanovic, RD Bell, AA AF Liu, JG Benedict, CR Stipanovic, RD Bell, AA TI Purification of desoxyhemigossypol O-methyltransferase from cotton stems to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 003-AGRO BP U25 EP U25 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400079 ER PT J AU Pavlath, AE Voisin, A Robertson, GH AF Pavlath, AE Voisin, A Robertson, GH TI Pectin-based biodegradable water insoluble films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 381-POLY BP U454 EP U454 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA912 UT WOS:000072414501492 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ Weisleder, D AF Petroski, RJ Weisleder, D TI Design and synthesis of pheromone perception inhibitors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, REE, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 034-AGFD BP U10 EP U10 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400034 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Sauer, TJ AF Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Sauer, TJ TI Metolachlor volatilization estimates from broadcast and banded fields in central Iowa. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Biomass Res Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 034-AGRO BP U34 EP U35 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400109 ER PT J AU Ralph, J AF Ralph, J TI NMR spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 006-CELL BP U128 EP U128 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400401 ER PT J AU Ross, RT AF Ross, RT TI Fate of methyl bromide and the impact on quarantine requirements and agricultural trade. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 080-AGRO BP U48 EP U48 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400154 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Hamed, OA Niemczura, WP Maskos, K AF Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Hamed, OA Niemczura, WP Maskos, K TI C-13 NMR characterization of O-alkyl cellulose derivatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, HARC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 044-CELL BP U139 EP U139 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400439 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Huwe, JK Smith, DJ AF Shelver, WL Huwe, JK Smith, DJ TI Development of an immunoassay for the beta-adrenergic agonist Ractopamine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 060-AGRO BP U42 EP U42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400134 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ AF Smith, DJ TI Distribution and depletion of milk radioactive residues after iv administration of [C-14]methylene blue to lactating cattle. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 059-AGRO BP U42 EP U42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400133 ER PT J AU Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD AF Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD TI Spring snowmelt runoff losses of nitrate and herbicides from four small agricultural watersheds in southwestern Iowa. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Baulch, Helen/I-9529-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 073-AGRO BP U46 EP U46 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400147 ER PT J AU Steinheimer, TR Pfeiffer, RL Peter, CJ Duffy, MJ Battaglin, WA AF Steinheimer, TR Pfeiffer, RL Peter, CJ Duffy, MJ Battaglin, WA TI Reconnaissance survey for sulfonylurea herbicides in streams and groundwater of the midwestern US SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Dupont Agr Prod Co, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. US Geol Survey, WRD, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 033-AGRO BP U34 EP U34 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400108 ER PT J AU Watson, T AF Watson, T TI Identification of necrotic spot virus isolates by chemiluminescent detection. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 099-CHED BP U193 EP U193 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400615 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD AF Wauchope, RD TI Pesticide movement and fate: Integrating spatial scales via physical modelling, simulation modelling, and geographical information systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 005-AGRO BP U26 EP U26 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400080 ER PT J AU Winsor, DL Sachinvala, ND AF Winsor, DL Sachinvala, ND TI Physical and dynamic mechanical characteristics of sucrose-based epoxy monomers and thermosets. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, HARC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 041-CARB BP U116 EP U117 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414400369 ER PT J AU Cavero, J Plant, RE Shennan, C Williams, JR Kiniry, JR Benson, VW AF Cavero, J Plant, RE Shennan, C Williams, JR Kiniry, JR Benson, VW TI Application of epic model to nitrogen cycling in irrigated processing tomatoes under different management systems SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COVER CROPS; FURROW IRRIGATION; GRAIN-YIELD; LOW-INPUT; SOIL; CORN; WINTER; SIMULATION; GROWTH; AVAILABILITY AB Vegetable crops such as processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are usually complex in terms of nitrogen (N) dynamics because of the large amounts absorbed by the crop, the short growing season and the use of irrigation. Complexity increases when N is supplied from an organic source. A crop simulation model could be very useful to improve N management in this crop. Processing tomatoes were grown on raised beds and furrow irrigated in 1994 and 1995 in the Sacramento Valley of California. Fertilizer N and/or purple vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as green manure and composted turkey manure were used as sources of N. The Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was calibrated with 1994 data and validated with 1995 data. Plant growth was accurately simulated in the conventional systems that used fertilizer N and in the low input system that used fertilizer N plus vetch. The model accurately simulated above-ground biomass in a system that used vetch and no synthetic fertilizer N, but it over-predicted Leaf Area Index (LAI). Nitrogen deficiency was observed in the plants in this system. The model simulated nitrogen deficiency mainly as a reduction in biomass production but in the real would the reduction of leaf area was the first effect of nitrogen deficiency in the vegetative phase. Yields were accurately predicted except when diseases affected plant growth. A simple reduction factor of nitrate movement in the bed adequately addressed the movement of nitrate. In general, the model accurately; predicted the evolution of inorganic nitrogen in different soil layers during the crop season. However, simulated inorganic N in the upper 15 cm was underestimated in the fast part of the crop season and consequently N uptake at harvest was slightly over-predicted in some cases. Nitrogen distribution and access of the roots to inorganic nitrogen ave discussed as causes of this discrepancy between model simulated and observed values. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Plant, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Shennan, Carol/I-1694-2013; Cavero, Jose/D-8350-2011; OI Shennan, Carol/0000-0001-6401-5007; Cavero, Jose/0000-0003-2656-3242 NR 63 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD APR PY 1998 VL 56 IS 4 BP 391 EP 414 DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(96)00100-X PG 24 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA YQ357 UT WOS:000071378400001 ER PT J AU Zak, JC McMichael, B Dhillion, S Friese, C AF Zak, JC McMichael, B Dhillion, S Friese, C TI Arbuscular-mycorrhizal colonization dynamics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growing under several production systems on the Southern High Plains, Texas SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizae; cotton; winter wheat; Southern High Plains; semiarid agriculture; irrigation ID WATER RELATIONS; GROWTH; SOIL; WHEAT; FUNGI; ROOTS; CORN; INFECTION; FIELD; YIELD AB The arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) colonization patterns of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growing under the range of management conditions that are employed for the production of this important crop on the Southern High Plains of Texas was examined in 1991 and 1992. Specifically, the mycorrhizal development of cotton grown under continuous center-pivot irrigation, noncontinuous linear-drive irrigation, continuous center-pivot irrigated cotton planted into terminated winter wheat, supplemental dryland, strict dryland, and supplemental dryland cotton planted into terminated winter wheat was evaluated. During 1991, colonization levels were highest for cotton planted into terminated winter wheat. Furthermore, cotton planted into terminated winter wheat developed more arbuscules and had higher levels of mycorrhizae earlier than any of the other production systems examined. During 1992, at 3 weeks after planting, 5 days of cold, wet weather resulted in almost 100% mortality of cotton not previously planted into terminated winter wheat. Mycorrhizal colonization levels were greater for cotton associated with winter wheat than for cotton grown under conventional practices. The higher colonization levels associated with young cotton plants that were grown with winter wheat as compared with cotton under conventional tillage practices suggests that AM-inoculum levels may have been greater before planting in the cotton + wheat management system for both the 1991 and 1992 studies. Maintenance of a hyphal network for developing cotton seedlings may be crucial for cotton to become colonized rapidly during the seedling stage. Seedling establishment on the Southern High Plains is a critical time for cotton because of abiotic stress from high or low temperatures or inadequate moisture. As a result, any benefit from the symbiosis at this time should have a positive effect on survival and subsequent yields. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Biol & Nat Conservat, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Zak, JC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM yzjoz@ttacs.ttu.edu NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR PY 1998 VL 68 IS 3 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00151-5 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZJ814 UT WOS:000073256200007 ER PT J AU Delcourt, PA Delcourt, HR Ison, CR Sharp, WE Gremillion, KJ AF Delcourt, PA Delcourt, HR Ison, CR Sharp, WE Gremillion, KJ TI Prehistoric human use of fire, the eastern agricultural complex, and appalachian oak-chestnut forests: Paleoecology of Cliff Palace pond, Kentucky SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE; NORTH-AMERICA; CHARCOAL; SEDIMENTS AB Fossil pollen assemblages from Cliff Palace Pond. Kentucky, characterize changes in forest composition through the past 9,500 years of the Holocene. Early-Holocene spruce and northern white cedar stands were replaced bq mixed mesophytic forests after 7300 B.P. Hemlock declined around 4800 B.P., and eastern red cedar became locally important. After 3000 B.P., mixed oak-chestnut and pine forests were dominant. The fossil charcoal record from Cliff Palace Pond demonstrates that Late Archaic and Woodland peoples cleared forest gaps to cultivate native plants in the Eastern Agricultural Complex and that anthropogenic fires served to increase populations of fire-tolerant oaks, chestnut, and pines in upland forests of the the northern Cumberland Plateau. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Forest Serv, Daniel Boone Natl Forest, USDA, Winchester, KY 40391 USA. US Forest Serv, Daniel Boone Natl Forest, USDA, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Delcourt, PA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 50 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD APR PY 1998 VL 63 IS 2 BP 263 EP 278 DI 10.2307/2694697 PG 16 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA ZK061 UT WOS:000073281000004 ER PT J AU Eischen, FA AF Eischen, FA TI Varroa control problems: More answers from Florida SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Eischen, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 1998 VL 138 IS 4 BP 267 EP 268 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG639 UT WOS:000073024000019 ER PT J AU Feldlaufer, MF Kochansky, JP Shimanuki, H AF Feldlaufer, MF Kochansky, JP Shimanuki, H TI The use of a sterol inhibitor to control the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM AB A laboratory study was designed to test the ability of an inhibitor of sterol metabolism to control the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Varying amounts of N,N-dimethyldodecanamine (IPL-12) were sprayed on portions of used brood comb, dried, and then exposed to wax moth eggs. Larval development was completely inhibited by a concentration as low as 2. 5 mg inhibitor per gram of comb, with no resultant damage to the comb. By contrast, untreated comb was completely destroyed. The possible use of sterol inhibitors in a wax moth control program is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Feldlaufer, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mfeldlau@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 1998 VL 138 IS 4 BP 287 EP 289 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG639 UT WOS:000073024000024 ER PT J AU Chen, ZJ Ilarslan, H Palmer, RG Shoemaker, RC AF Chen, ZJ Ilarslan, H Palmer, RG Shoemaker, RC TI Development of protein bodies and accumulation of carbohydrates in a soybean (Leguminosae) shriveled seed mutant SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; Glycine max (L.) Merr.; Leguminosae; protein; seed development; shriveled seed; soybean ID EXPRESSION; COMPONENTS; TISSUES; STARCH AB The soybean seed mutant T311, when grown under specific environmental conditions, produces shriveled seed. This research investigated changes in development of protein bodies and accumulation of carbohydrates during seed development by comparing the mutant with P2180 seeds. The shriveled seeds contained lager protein bodies but fewer protein bodies per cell than round seeds. Protein bodies in T311 seeds included more dispersed crystals and less globoid regions than P2180 seeds. The elemental compositions of the crystals and of whole seeds ill T311 were different from that in P2180 seeds. Starch breakdown was reduced with concomitant lower soluble sugar content in T311 seeds after the D11 stage (10.0-11.9 mm long seeds). The reduced starch breakdown and lowered soluble sugar content were consistent with lower alpha-amylase activity and earlier and greater water loss in T311 sleds. Changes in development of protein bodies and accumulation of carbohydrates were associated with the development of the shriveled seeds. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 1998 VL 85 IS 4 BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.2307/2446432 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZH657 UT WOS:000073134000006 PM 21684931 ER PT J AU Lee, HHC Gerrior, SA Smith, JA AF Lee, HHC Gerrior, SA Smith, JA TI Energy, macronutrient, and food intakes in relation to energy compensation in consumers who drink different types of milk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy compensation; reduced-fat milk; whole milk; low-fat milk; skim milk; fat intake; carbohydrate intake; energy intake ratio; Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals; humans ID DIETARY-FAT; CHILDREN; PATTERNS AB To examine whether total fat intake is actually lower in reduced-fat (low-fat and skim) milk drinkers and whether reduced-fat-milk drinkers compensate for energy intake we compared the intakes of foods. energy, and energy-yielding nutrients in reduced-fat-milk drinkers and whole milk drinkers by using the US Department of Agriculture's 1989-1991 nationwide food intake database, the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. This database represents a national stratified sample population of 15 128 individuals. Of the survey population, approximately one-third consumed whole milk, one-third consumed low-fat milk, one-tenth consumed skim milk, and one-tenth consumed mixed types of milk. The data provided the following information: I) total fat intake of reduced-fat-milk drinkers is significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower than that of whole milk drinkers: 2) in general, males but not females compensate for energy by increasing their carbohydrate intake; 3) reduced-fat-milk drinkers consume more fruit and vegetables (P less than or equal to 0.05) and less red meat and sweets (P less than or equal to 0.05) than whole milk drinkers: 4) through their reduction in total fat intake, several age groups of skim milk drinkers have achieved the US dietary goal for fat intake, ie, less than or equal to 30% of energy intake from fat; 5) teenagers compensate for energy intake the least of all age groups; and 6) with advancing age, fewer people drink milk and fewer drink whole milk. The data indicate significant sex differences in energy compensation, that reduced-fat-milk drinkers consume significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) less fat than whole milk drinkers, and that the US dietary goal for fat intake may be practically achieved by consuming reduced-fat foods such as skim milk and limiting intakes of high-fat foods such as red meat. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Human Nutr Informat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Lee, HHC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 200 C St SW HFS-222, Washington, DC 20204 USA. EM hcl@vm.cfsan.fda.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 67 IS 4 BP 616 EP 623 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZE350 UT WOS:000072783800006 PM 9537608 ER PT J AU Ritchie, LD Fung, EB Halloran, BP Turnlund, JR Van Loan, MD Cann, CE King, JC AF Ritchie, LD Fung, EB Halloran, BP Turnlund, JR Van Loan, MD Cann, CE King, JC TI A longitudinal study of calcium homeostasis during human pregnancy and lactation and after resumption of menses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; lactation; postmenses; dietary calcium; calcium absorption; urinary calcium; bone mineral; bone turnover; calcitropic hormones; breast-milk calcium; women ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D LEVELS; REGULATING HORMONES; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; POSTPARTUM WOMEN; STABLE ISOTOPES; URINARY CALCIUM; SERUM; ABSORPTION AB To clarify the role of the intestine, kidney, and bone in maintaining calcium homeostasis during pregnancy and lactation and after the resumption of menses, a longitudinal comparison was undertaken of 14 well-nourished women consuming approximate to 1200 mg Ca/d. Measurements were made before conception (prepregnancy), once during each trimester of pregnancy (T1, T2, and T3), early in lactation at 2 mo postpartum (EL), and 5 mo after resumption of menses. Intestinal calcium absorption was determined from the enrichment of the first 24-h urine sample collected after administration of stable calcium isotopes. Bone mineral of the total body and lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computerized tomography, respectively. Twenty-four-hour urine and fasting serum samples were analyzed for calcium, calcitropic hormones, and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Despite an increase in calcium intake during pregnancy, true percentage absorption of calcium increased from 32.9 +/- 9.1% at prepregnancy to 49.9 +/- 10.2% at T2 and 53.8 +/- 11.3% at T3 (P < 0.001). Urinary calcium increased from 4.32 +/- 2.20 mmol/d at prepreg nancy to 6.21 +/- 3.72 mmol/d at T3 (P < 0.001), but only minor changes in maternal bone mineral were detected. At EL, dietary calcium and calcium absorption were not significantly different from that at prepregnancy, but urinary calcium decreased to 1.87 +/- 1.22 mmol/d (P < 0.001) and trabecular bone mineral density of the spine decreased to 147.7 +/- 21.2 mg/cm(3) from 162.9 +/- 25.0 mg/cm(3) at prepregnancy (P < 0.001). Calcium absorption postmenses increased nonsignificantly to 36.0 +/- 8.1% whereas urinary calcium decreased to 2.72 +/- 1.52 mmol/d (P < 0.001). We concluded that fetal calcium demand was met by increased maternal intestinal absorption; early breast-milk calcium was provided by maternal renal calcium conservation and loss of spinal trabecular bone, a loss that was recovered postmenses. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. VA Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1R01 DK41732] NR 48 TC 249 Z9 257 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 67 IS 4 BP 693 EP 701 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZE350 UT WOS:000072783800014 PM 9537616 ER PT J AU Camilo, ME Jatoi, A O'Brien, M Davidson, K Sokoll, L Sadowski, JA Mason, JB AF Camilo, ME Jatoi, A O'Brien, M Davidson, K Sokoll, L Sadowski, JA Mason, JB TI Bioavailability of phylloquinone from an intravenous lipid emulsion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE phylloquinone; bioavailability; lipid emulsions; vitamin K; osteocalcin; parenteral nutrition; adults; warfarin ID VITAMIN-K STATUS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; WARFARIN; OSTEOCALCIN; PLASMA; ASSAY; PHASE; OC AB This randomized, controlled study evaluated the bioavailability of phylloquinone from an intravenous lipid emulsion. A mild vitamin K deficiency was induced in 12 healthy adult men and women by dietary restriction of phylloquinone (40 mu g/d, days 1-11) and by administration of warfarin (1.0 mg/d, days 5-11). On day 11, subjects received a 500-mL intravenous solution of either lipid or saline, both of which contained 154 mu g phylloquinone. Bioavailability was assessed by serial measurements of plasma phylloquinone, vitamin K-1-2,3-epoxide, PIVKA-II (proteins induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-II), and percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin. As a result of vitamin K deficiency and minidose warfarin, vitamin K-1-2,3-epoxide, PIVKA-II, and percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin increased significantly between days 1 and 11 (P = 0.05, 0.016, and 0.001, respectively). With the infusions, plasma phyloquinone increased in both groups (P = 0.001). After the infusions vitamin K-1-2,3-epoxide decreased in both groups (P = 0.002). Changes in plasma phylloquinone and vitamin K-1-2,3-epoxide were no different in the two groups (mean areas under the curves +/- SEM: 116 +/- 13 nmol.NL for the saline group and 102 +/- 20 nmol.h/L for the lipid group for phylloquinone; 38.6 +/- 7.5 nmol.h/L for the saline group and 31.3 +/- 9.0 nmol.h/L for the lipid group for vitamin K-1-2,3-epoxide). PIVKA-II decreased significantly from baseline values (P = 0.005) in both groups after the infusions. intravenous lipid reversed the effects of minidose warfarin and of dietary restriction of phylloquinone on hemostasis and vitamin K nutritional status. This reversal was no different from that seen with the infusion of phylloquinone in a saline solution. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Vitamin Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Adult Nutr Support Serv, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jatoi, A (reprint author), 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jatoi_bf@hnrc.tufts.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [5M01RR00054-31] NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 67 IS 4 BP 716 EP 721 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZE350 UT WOS:000072783800017 PM 9537619 ER PT J AU Fleming, DJ Jacques, PF Dallal, GE Tucker, KL Wilson, PWF Wood, RJ AF Fleming, DJ Jacques, PF Dallal, GE Tucker, KL Wilson, PWF Wood, RJ TI Dietary determinants of iron stores in a free-living elderly population: The Framingham Heart Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE serum ferritin; iron bioavailability; heme; meat intake; aging; iron absorption; dietary pattern; the elderly; vitamin C ID ASCORBIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; NON-HEME IRON; SERUM FERRITIN; NONHEME-IRON; FOOD IRON; MENSTRUATING WOMEN; PLASMA FERRITIN; EXTRINSIC TAG; BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AB Epidemiologic studies have found a relation between body iron stores and risk of chronic disease. Iron-absorption studies from single meals have shown that many dietary factors can influence nonheme-iron bioavailability. However, little is known about the association of these dietary factors with iron stores in free-living elderly populations. To address this question, we investigated the consumption of various dietary components and iron stores in an elderly sample of The Framingham Heart Study participants. Serum ferritin was used as a measure of body iron stores in 634 free-living elderly (67-93 y of age), and dietary intake during the previous year was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. The relation between serum ferritin and various dietary factors was assessed by multiple regression analysis. Subjects whose ferritin concentrations might be pathologically elevated because of infection, inflammation, liver disease, or genetic hemochromatosis were excluded from the analysis. After we controlled for sex, age, body mass index, total energy intake, smoking, and use of aspirin and other medications known to affect blood loss, we found five significant dietary factors associated with iron stores. Heme iron, supplemental iron, dietary vitamin C, and alcohol were positively associated with serum ferritin, whereas coffee intake had a negative association. As expected, sex was a strong predictor of serum ferritin-women having significantly lower mean concentrations than men. However, age was not related to serum ferritin in our elderly population. Our results suggest that in typical Western-style diets, a small number of dietary factors probably modulate the bioavailability of dietary iron and influence the accumulation of iron stores. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab,Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Div Biostat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab,Epidemiol Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM wood_mb@hnrc.tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038, R01-HL-40423-05]; NINDS NIH HHS [2-R01-NS-17950-12] NR 144 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 67 IS 4 BP 722 EP 733 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZE350 UT WOS:000072783800018 PM 9537620 ER PT J AU Van Loan, MD Johnson, HL Barbieri, TF AF Van Loan, MD Johnson, HL Barbieri, TF TI Effect of weight loss on bone mineral content and bone mineral density in obese women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE weight loss; bone mineral changes; body composition; obesity; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA; BMD; BMC; bone mineral content; bone mineral density; bone area; women ID DUAL-PHOTON-ABSORPTIOMETRY; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY-COMPOSITION; MASS; INVIVO; HUMANS; FAT AB Studies of body-composition changes during weight loss have had conflicting results with regard to changes in bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). We examined BMC and BMD for changes during weight loss. Fourteen women enrolled in a 15-wk weight loss program. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of the total body were made at baseline (T1), the midpoint of weight loss (T2), and at the end of weight loss (T3). Body weight changed significantly throughout the 15 wk, declining from a high of 89.7 +/- 3.6 to 74.1 +/- 3.2 kg. Fat-free mass declined initially (47.8 +/- 1.7 kg at T1, 45.7 +/- 1.4 kg at T2, and 46.0 +/- 1.5 kg at T3) and then stabilized. Fat mass changed significantly during the study (39.2 kg at T1, 32.4 kg at T2, and 29.3 kg at T3). No significant differences were observed in BMC or bone areal measurement during the study. However, BMD declined significantly from baseline (1.217 g/cm(2) at T1, 1.197 g/cm(2) at T2, and 1.200 g/cm(2) at T3). The changes in BMC and BA were in opposite directions, resulting in a significant decline in BMD without a loss of BMC. These data suggest that changes in BMD observed with weight loss may be the result of a lack of instrument sensitivity when body weight and composition change and are simply an artifact and not a physiologic change in BMD. Further research is needed to determine the full effect of weight loss on BMC, bone area, and BMD. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. EM mvanloan@whnrc.usda.gov NR 20 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 67 IS 4 BP 734 EP 738 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZE350 UT WOS:000072783800019 PM 9537621 ER PT J AU Kennedy, E Davis, C AF Kennedy, E Davis, C TI US Department of Agriculture School Breakfast Program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Breakfast and its Effect on Cognitive Performance and Health CY AUG, 1995 CL NAPA, CALIFORNIA DE School Breakfast Program; US Department of Agriculture; evaluation methods; nutrition; diet AB This article reviews the history of the US Department of Agriculture School Breakfast Program (SEP) and provides a synthesis of factors influencing participation rates. Certain children are more likely to participate than others, such as those in lower grades and those from low-income households, and African American, Hispanic, and male students. A few studies in the past 15 y have examined the effectiveness of the SEP in improving the diets and nutritional status of children. The overall pattern that emerges from these studies is that the SEP contributes to improved nutrient intake in program participants. Less attention has been devoted to assessing the effects of SEP on cognitive development. Some of the evidence reviewed here suggests that the SEP significantly improves school performance and reduces absenteeism and tardiness. Future directions for research and operation of the SEP are discussed in light of the changing dietary profile of American children. C1 USDA, Off Undersecretary Res Educ & Econ, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kennedy, E (reprint author), USDA, Off Undersecretary Res Educ & Econ, 14th & Independence Ave SW,Room 217-W,JL Whitten, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 67 IS 4 BP 798S EP 803S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZE350 UT WOS:000072783800035 PM 9537632 ER PT J AU Jolly, CM Knapp, M Kusumastanto, T AF Jolly, CM Knapp, M Kusumastanto, T TI US competitive position and capital investment flows in the economic citizen market: Constraints and opportunities of the US investor program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMIGRATION; EUROPE AB Many countries hail economic citizenship as the new mechanism for encouraging capital mobility and economic development. Economic citizenship is the process of granting citizenship or residency to foreign individuals who have investment capital that will create jobs for citizens in the immigrant receiving country. Many developing and developed countries, including the Commonwealth of Dominica and Belize, Canada, Australia, and the United States, have embraced this concept with hopes of massive capital inflows to their countries. While this investment measure has been successful in a few countries, the U.S. has only been able to attract less than 10% annually of the targeted number of investors through this strategy. The U.S. has been further from its targeted annual allocation of visas than Dominica and Canada. The Economic Citizenship Program has less potential of affecting a small nation's levels of investment than a large one's, A number of socio-political and economic reasons, including program cost and social adjustment, cause a slow influx of new immigrants and investments to the U.S. C1 Auburn Univ, Alabama Expt Stn, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Bogor Univ, Sch Business, Bogor, Indonesia. RP Jolly, CM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Expt Stn, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER J ECON SOCIOLOGY INC PI NEW YORK PA 41 EAST 72ND STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0002-9246 J9 AM J ECON SOCIOL JI Am. J. Econ. Sociol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 57 IS 2 BP 155 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1536-7150.1998.tb03267.x PG 17 WC Economics; Sociology SC Business & Economics; Sociology GA ZP624 UT WOS:000073772100006 ER PT J AU Briggs, RE Frank, GH Purdy, CW Zehr, ES Loan, RW AF Briggs, RE Frank, GH Purdy, CW Zehr, ES Loan, RW TI Rapid spread of a unique strain of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 among transported calves SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; COLONIZATION; A1; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA-A1; INFECTION; TONSILS; TRACT; GENE AB Objective-To determine the rate and mode of infectious spread of Pasteurella haemolytica among carves maintained under typical conditions during collection, transport, and the first month of feeding. Animals-101 two- to five-month-old Angus-crossbred calves. Procedure-Samples obtained from cattle prior to and after they were transported to a feedlot were used for isolation and characterization of P haemolytica. Samples were also obtained from additional calves, some of which were sick, and these calves were then commingled with the transported calves for 3 days. A strain of P haemolytica that contains a rare deletion of the 4.2-kilobase streptomycin- and sulfonamide-resistance plasmid was inoculated into both palatine tonsils of 12 carves. Nasal secretions were aspirated from the ventral nasal meatus. Tonsillar wash specimens were procured. Pasteurella haemolytica organisms were quantitatively cultured and identified on the basis of colony morphology and response to specific antisera. Plasmids were isolated by an alkaline lysis procedure and identified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results-A single plasmid profile was observed from P haemolytica isolated from samples obtained prior to shipment. Commingled calves were shedding P haemolytica containing each known plasmid profile. After shipment, samples contained P haemolytica isolates with each known plasmid profile. The plasmid profile of the unique P haemolytica isolate was recovered from all 12 inoculated calves and 10 other calves. Some calves simultaneously shed P haemolytica isolates with differing plasmid profiles. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Pasleurella haemolytica serotype 1 was horizontally transmitted among calves within days of commingling, which continued after calves were transported to a feedlot. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Briggs, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 59 IS 4 BP 401 EP 405 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 135QK UT WOS:000076814000010 PM 9563620 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Jensen, AE Palmer, MV Stevens, MG AF Olsen, SC Jensen, AE Palmer, MV Stevens, MG TI Evaluation of serologic responses, lymphocyte proliferative responses, and clearance from lymphatic organs after vaccination of bison with Brucella abortus strain RB51 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; MUTANT STRAINS; CATTLE; COWS AB Objective-To evaluate clearance of the vaccine strain, immunologic responses, and potential shedding of Brucella abortus strain RB51 organisms after vaccination of bison carves. Animals-Fourteen 7-month-old female bison calves. Procedure-10 bison calves were vaccinated SC with 1.22 x 10(10) colony-forming units of B abortus strain RB51. Four bison calves were vaccinated SC with 0.15M NaCl solution. Rectal, vaginal, nasal, and ocular swab specimens were obtained to evaluate potential shedding by vaccinated bison. The superficial cervical lymph node was biopsied to evaluate clearance of the vaccine strain. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to strain RB51 bacteria were evaluated in lymph node cells obtained from biopsy specimens and also in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results-Strain RB51 was recovered from superficial cervical lymph nodes of vaccinates examined 6, 12, and 18 weeks after vaccination (4/4, 3/4, and 1/4, respectively) but not in vaccinates examined at 24 weeks (0/3) after vaccination or nonvaccinates examined at all sample collection times (n = 1 bison/sample period). Serologic, immunologic, and bacterial culture techniques failed to reveal shedding of strain RB51 by vaccinates or infection of nonvaccinated bison. Lymphocyte proliferative responses were evident in lymph node cells and blood mononuclear cells from strain RB51-vaccinated bison beginning 12 weeks after vaccination. Conclusion-Strain RB51 was cleared from bison by 18 to 24 weeks after vaccination. Bison vaccinated with strain RB51 did not shed the vaccine strain to nonvaccinated bison housed in close proximity. Strain RB51 did not induce antibody responses in bison that would interfere with brucellosis surveillance tests, but did stimulate cell-mediated immunity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 59 IS 4 BP 410 EP 415 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 135QK UT WOS:000076814000012 PM 9563622 ER PT J AU Briggs, RE Frank, GF Zehr, ES AF Briggs, RE Frank, GF Zehr, ES TI Development and testing of a unique strain of Pasteurella haemolytica for use in studies on colonization of the respiratory tract of cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEROTYPE A1; CALVES; TONSILS; NASOPHARYNX; VACCINATION; INHIBITION; GENE; DNA AB Objective-To develop a unique strain of Pasteurella haemolytica, selectable from nasopharyngeal respiratory tract secretions, that retains the ability to efficiently colonize the respiratory tract of carves. Animals-26 calves that each weighed approximately 200 kg. Procedure-Rifampicin-resistant mutants of P haemolytica were developed and tested for in vitro growth rate and leukotoxin production. After instillation into the tonsils of calves, an isolate that was efficient at colonizing was selected and transformed, using electroporation, with a 4.2-kilobase (kb) plasmid encoding for streptomycin resistance. This isolate was instilled into the tonsils of 4 of 14 commingled calves to examine transmission of organisms. Nasal secretion and tonsil wash specimens were collected, cultured, and examined for P haemolytica. Serum antibody concentration was measured by means of indirect hemagglutination. Results-Selected P haemolytica organisms colonized the tonsils and nasal passages for more than 2 weeks. Exposed calves and contact carves shed the organism, which was recovered from specimens of nasal secretions and tonsil washes. The 4.2-kb plasmid was lost during in vivo colonization. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The selected rifampicin-resistant P haemolytica organism colonized tonsils and nasal passages in a manner similar to the wild-type organisms. Selective media suppressed other bacterial flora to the extent that a single colony-forming unit was detectable from 200 mu l of specimen, a 100-fold improvement in detection sensitivity. The selectable strain spread rapidly among commingled calves. A 4.2-kb plasmid marker was unstable when P haemolytica replicated in vivo. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Briggs, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 59 IS 4 BP 426 EP 430 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 135QK UT WOS:000076814000015 PM 9563625 ER PT J AU King, JW AF King, JW TI Integration of sample cleanup methods into analytical supercritical fluid extraction SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; SFE AB As their utilization increases, analytical supercritical fluid techniques have become more complex, involving other aspects of sample preparation beyond the simple supercritical fluid extraction mode. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP King, JW (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD APR PY 1998 VL 30 IS 8 BP 46 EP + PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ZJ457 UT WOS:000073217600005 ER PT J AU Moore, DJ Nowak, RS Nowak, CL AF Moore, DJ Nowak, RS Nowak, CL TI Photosynthetic acclimation to temperature and drought in the endemic chelan rockmat, Petrophytum cinerascens (Rosaceae) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WATER; RESPONSES; EXCHANGE; POACEAE AB Petrophylum cinerascens (Piper) Rydb. (Rosaceae) is a highly restricted endemic found on steep rocky outcrops and sandy soils along the Columbia River in eastern Washington. Our goal was to examine the plant's ability for photosynthetic acclimation to increased growth temperature. Plants collected from the field were subjected to three sets of day/night growth temperatures and to two different watering regimes. Leaf gas exchange was measured at step-intervals of leaf temperature. Data were fitted to individual temperature response curves, and the optimum temperature for assimilation (T-opt), the high temperature compensation point (T-high) and assimilation rate at the optimum temperature for assimilation (A(opt)) were calculated from the regressions. We analyzed the data using a 3 x 2 split plot experimental design with growth temperature as the main effect and watering treatment as the split plot factor. A(opt) for plants grown at 30/16 and 34/20 C was significantly greater than that for plants grown at 38/24 C, but the main effects of growth temperature on T-opt and T-high were not significant. The relative decrease in A(opt) from the lowest growth temperature to the highest was almost 60% for well-watered plants and over 20% for plants with periodic drought treatments. The lack of change in T-opt and T-high, coupled with the decrease in A(opt) with increased growth temperature, suggests that P. cinerascens is not able to acclimate to increased global temperature and therefore may serve as a sensitive indicator species of global warming. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Nowak, RS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 1998 VL 139 IS 2 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1998)139[0374:PATTAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN556 UT WOS:000073657700019 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, TF Vankat, JL AF Hutchinson, TF Vankat, JL TI Landscape structure and spread of the exotic shrub Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) in southwestern Ohio forests SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; DISPERSAL; INVASION; BIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; HABITATS; PATTERN; PLANTS; FRUITS; ALIEN AB The Asian shrub Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder has been widely used as an ornamental in the eastern United States. First planted in Oxford, Ohio, around 1960, it has since spread into forest patches in the surrounding agricultural landscape. Despite its abundance, and its bird-dispersed fruits, the spread of Lonicera maackii has been unequal in different directions, with local distribution limits much farther N than W of Oxford. Our objective was to determine whether the distribution limits of L. maackii in these two directions were correlated with differences in landscape structure: percentage of forest land and degree of forest connectivity. Aerial surveys were used to determine the current distribution of L. maackii in forest patches in a belt transecting N and W from Oxford. The N transect, which had more extensive spread of L. maackii, had greater forest cover and connectivity. In bath transects, L. maackii reached its distribution limit when forest cover dropped to <5% and forest connectivity was 0%. Large expanses of agricultural land apparently act as a barrier to the dispersal of this naturalized shrub. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Hutchinson, TF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM hutchin@trees.neusfs4153.gov NR 34 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 1998 VL 139 IS 2 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1998)139[0383:LSASOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN556 UT WOS:000073657700020 ER PT J AU Stanley, DW Howard, RW AF Stanley, DW Howard, RW TI The biology of prostaglandins and related eicosanoids in invertebrates: Cellular, organismal and ecological actions SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Biology of Lipids - Integration of Structure and Function at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY DEC 26-30, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID HORNWORM MANDUCA-SEXTA; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; NON-PATHOGENIC STRAINS; PYRIFORMIS GL-C; TOBACCO HORNWORM; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; POLYSPERMIC FERTILIZATION; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII AB Prostaglandins and related eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These compounds have been detected in species representing all major animal phyla, The significance of eicosanoids lies in two broad areas of animal biology. In one, eicosanoids are involved in regulation of many cellular events. In the other, eicosanoids facilitate certain ecological interactions, Eicosanoids are known best in the narrow context of their clinical significance in human medicine. In this essay we suggest a new, broader paradigm for understanding the meaning of eicosanoids. Under this paradigm, called the biological paradigm, we note eicosanoids were recruited into roles as biological signal moieties long before the origins of the Metazoa. During the ensuing evolutionary diversification of animals, eicosanoids have been used in a vast diversity of biological roles, some of which occur only in invertebrates. We think this diversity endows eicosanoids with unusual explanatory power in apprehending biological phenomena. In this review, we recount the literature on eicosanoids in protozoans and procaryotes, then provide a detailed review of the roles of eicosanoids in invertebrate immunity. We draw upon recent work in parasitology to outline an ecological role of eicosanoids in host-parasite relationships. It appears to us that eicosanoids exert profound effects at the cellular, organismal and ecological levels of biological organization, We suggest that continued inquiry into the biological significance of eicosanoids will yield important new information on invertebrates. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Insect Biochem Physiol Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Stanley, DW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Insect Biochem Physiol Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 63 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PD APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 369 EP 381 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ZL504 UT WOS:000073440100010 ER PT J AU King, JW Zhang, ZY AF King, JW Zhang, ZY TI Selective extraction of pesticides from lipid-containing matrixes using supercritical binary gas mixtures SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; FLUID EXTRACTION; RESIDUES; HELIUM; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB When supercritical carbon dioxide is used for extraction of trace compounds from lipid-rich samples, the resulting extract can contain a substantial amount of lipid coextractive which interferes in the subsequent chromatographic analysis. In this case, a cleanup step, which is time-consuming, is required in order to remove or reduce the lipid content in the extract. In this study, we report on a new approach for the extraction of trace compounds which significantly reduces the quantity of lipid coextractives, thereby eliminating the need for a sample cleanup step. An autoclave high-pressure reactor equipped with a mechanical stirring device was used for mixing gases, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, to generate the desired fluid mixtures. The composition of the mixtures could be adjusted by two mass flow controllers prior to the autoclave mixing device. The generated carbon dioxide/nitrogen binary mixtures were then employed to facilitate supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) at high pressures and elevated temperatures, The pressurized CO2/nitrogen binary fluid mixture demonstrated sufficient solvation power for quantitative recoveries of trace fortified organophosphorus and incurred organochlorine pesticides from poultry fat while significantly reducing lipid solubility in the fluid, This allowed the development of a method that produced an extract with minimal lipid content that could be used directly for gas chromatographic analysis, thereby eliminating the need to cleanup the extract. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP King, JW (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kingjw@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1431 EP 1436 DI 10.1021/ac9708654 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZF387 UT WOS:000072892400035 PM 21644737 ER PT J AU Freking, BA Stone, RT de Gortari, MJ Crawford, AM AF Freking, BA Stone, RT de Gortari, MJ Crawford, AM TI Chromosomal assignment by linkage of 19 unassigned bovine microsatellites using ovine reference populations SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Otago, Dept Biochem, AgRes Mol Biol Unit, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Freking, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 1998 VL 29 IS 2 BP 150 EP 151 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 105YL UT WOS:000075102900015 PM 9699280 ER PT J AU Diop, M Van Vleck, LD AF Diop, M Van Vleck, LD TI Estimates of genetic parameters for growth traits of Gobra cattle SO ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; genetic parameters; Gobra; growth ID WEANING WEIGHT; BEEF-CATTLE; ANIMAL-MODEL; SELECTION; VARIANCE AB Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters were obtained for birth (no. = 3909), weaning (no. 3425), yearling (no. = 2763), and final weight (no. = 2142) for Gobra cattle at the Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Dahra (Senegal), using single trait animal models. Data were analysed by restricted maximum likelihood. Four different animal models were fitted for each trait. Model I considered the animal as the only random effect. Model 2 included in addition to the additive direct effect of the animal, the environmental effect due to the dam. Model 3 added the maternal additive genetic effects and allowed a covariance between the direct and maternal genetic effects. Model 4 fitted both maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects. Inclusion of both types of maternal effects (genetic and environmental) provided a better fit for birth and weaning weights than models with one maternal effect only. For yearling and final weights, the improvement was not significant. Important maternal effects were found for all traits. Estimates of direct heritabilities were substantially higher when maternal effects were ignored. Estimates of direct and maternal heritabilities with model 4 were 0.07 (s.e. 0.03) and 0.04 (s.e. 0.02), 0.20 (s.e. 0.05) and 0.21 (s.e. 0.05), 0.24 (s.e. 0.07) and 0.21 (s.e. 0.06), and 0.14 (s.e. 0.06) and 0.16 (s.e. 0.06) for birth, weaning, yearling and final weights, respectively. Correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were negative for all traits, and large for weaning and yearling weights with estimates of -0.61 (s.e. 0.33) and -0.50 (s.e. 0.31), respectively. There was a significant positive linear phenotypic trend for weaning and yearling weights. Linear trends for additive direct and maternal breeding values were not significant for any trait except maternal breeding value for yearling weight. C1 ARS, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI PENICUIK PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PO BOX 3, PENICUIK EH26 ORZ, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1357-7298 J9 ANIM SCI JI Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 66 BP 349 EP 355 PN 2 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZX505 UT WOS:000074523500007 ER PT J AU Hill, NS Belesky, DP Stringer, WC AF Hill, NS Belesky, DP Stringer, WC TI Encroachment of endophyte-infected on endophyte-free tall fescue SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE tall fescue; endophyte; Neotyphodium coenophialum; Festuca arundinacea; competition; population density ID ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; TERM AB Persistence of endophyte-free (E-) tail fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is erratic. Little information exists as to how fast endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected (E+) tall fescue might encroach on E- tall fescue and whether specific conditions might influence the speed of encroachment. Plots of E+ and E- tall fescue genotypes 7 and 17 were established using a modified Nelder's design to compare performance of the E+ forms of the plants in pure and mixed communities at different population densities. The plots were planted at the USDA Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Laboratory in Watkinsville, Georgia, and the University of Georgia Plant Sciences Farm in Bogart, Georgia. Plants were grown over a 5 year period and dry matter yield monitored 1, 3, and 5 years after establishment. Relative crowding coefficients were calculated for each to establish trends of encroachment of the E+ on the E- plants in the mixed communities. Generally, dry matter yields of E+ tall fescue were greater than E- tall fescue regardless of whether they were grown in pure or mixed communities. As time progressed, the difference in dry matter yield between E- and E- tall fescue grown in mixed communities was greater than that of the pure communities. Relative crowding coefficients increased as time progressed. Relative crowding coefficients at the Walkinsville location were greater after 5 years than those at the Plant Sciences Farm. Therefore, site specific conditions exist which affect the competitiveness of E- tall fescue and degree of encroachment by E+ tall fescue. Research is needed to identify which biotic, abiotic and management variables exacerbate encroachment of E+ tall fescue to better define the conditions which best suit E- tall fescue. (C) 1998 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Hill, NS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1006/anbo.1998.0583 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZM377 UT WOS:000073532400003 ER PT J AU Hunt, HW Morgan, JA Read, JJ AF Hunt, HW Morgan, JA Read, JJ TI Simulating growth and root-shoot partitioning in prairie grasses under elevated atmospheric CO2 and water stress SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE plant growth model; optimization, nitrogen; non-structural carbohydrates; carbon partitioning; elevated CO2; water stress; Pascopyrum smithii; Bouteloua gracilis; photosynthetic pathway; maximal growth ID SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-GROWTH; C4 PLANTS; MODEL; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; ALLOCATION; CARBON; SOIL AB We constructed a model simulating growth, shoot-root partitioning, plant nitrogen (N) concentration and total nonstructural carbohydrates in perennial grasses. Carbon (C) allocation was based on the concept of a functional balance between root and shoot growth, which responded to variable plant C and N supplies. Interactions between the plant and environment were made explicit by way of variables for soil water and soil inorganic N. The model was fitted to data on the growth of two species of perennial grass subjected to elevated atmospheric CO2 and water stress treatments. The model exhibited complex feedbacks between plant and environment, and the indirect effects of CO2 and water treatments on soil water and soil inorganic N supplies were important in interpreting observed plant responses. Growth was surprisingly insensitive to shoot-root partitioning in the model, apparently because of the limited soil N supply, which weakened the expected positive relationship between root growth and total N uptake. Alternative models for the regulation of allocation between shoots and roots were objectively compared by using optimization to find the least squares fit of each model to the data. Regulation by various combinations of C and N uptake rates, C and N substrate concentrations, and shoot and root biomass gave nearly equivalent fits to the data, apparently because these variables were correlated with each other. A partitioning function that maximized growth predicted too high a root to shoot ratio, suggesting that partitioning did not serve to maximize growth under the conditions of the experiment (C) 1998 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunt, HW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 489 EP 501 DI 10.1006/anbo.1998.0584 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZM377 UT WOS:000073532400004 ER PT J AU Cho, JY Jeffries, TW AF Cho, JY Jeffries, TW TI Pichia stipitis genes for alcohol dehydrogenase with fermentative and respiratory functions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEAST KLUYVEROMYCES-LACTIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; MESSENGER-RNA; DNA FRAGMENTS; D-XYLOSE; SEQUENCE; RECOMBINATION; ETHANOL AB Two genes coding for isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH); designated PsADH1 and PsADH2, have been identified and isolated from Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 genomic DNA by Southern hybridization to Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH genes, and their physiological roles have been characterized through disruption, The amino acid sequences of the PsADH1 and PsADH2 isozymes are 80.5% identical to one another and are 71.9 and 74.7% identical to the S. cerevisiae ADH1 protein. They also show a high level identity with the group I ADH proteins from Kluyveromyces lactis, The PsADH isozymes are presumably localized in the cytoplasm, as they do not possess the amino-terminal extension of mitochondrion-targeted ADHs, Gene disruption studies suggest that PsADH1 plays a major role in xylose fermentation because PsADH1 disruption results in a low er growth rate and profoundly greater accumulation of xylitol. Disruption of PsADH2 does not significantly affect ethanol production or aerobic growth on ethanol as long as PsADH1 is present, The PsADH1 and PsADH2 isozymes appear to be equivalent in the ability to convert ethanol to acetaldehyde, and either is sufficient to allow cell growth on ethanol. However, disruption of both genes blocks growth am ethanol. P. stipitis strains disrupted in either PsADH1 or PsADH2 still accumulate ethanol, although in different amounts, when grown on xylose under oxygen-limited conditions, The PsADH double disruptant, which is unable to grow on ethanol still produces ethanol from xylose at about 13% of the rate seen in the parental strain, Thus, deletion of both PsADH1 and PsADH2 blocks ethanol respiration but not production, implying a separate path for fermentation. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 50 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1350 EP 1358 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZF412 UT WOS:000072894900030 PM 9546172 ER PT J AU Shere, JA Bartlett, KJ Kaspar, CW AF Shere, JA Bartlett, KJ Kaspar, CW TI Longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 dissemination on four dairy farms in Wisconsin SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; 0157-H7; CALVES; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE AB A 14-month longitudinal study was conducted on four dairy farms (C, H, R, and X) in Wisconsin to ascertain the source(s) and dissemination of Escherichia coli O157:H7. A cohort of 15 heifer calves from each farm were sampled weekly by digital rectal retrieval from birth to a minimum of 7 months of age (range, 7 to 13 months), Over the 14 months of the study, the cohort heifers and other randomly selected cattle from farms C and 14 tested negative, Farm R had two separate periods of E. coli O157:H7 shedding lasting 4 months (November 1995 to February 1996) and 1 month (July to August 1996), while farm X had at least one positive cohort animal For a 5-month period (May to October 1996), Heifers shed O157:H7 strains in feces far 1 to 16 weeks at levels ranging from 2.0 x 10(2) to 8.7 x 10(4) CFU per g, E coli O157:H7 was also isolated from other noncohort cattle, feed, flies, a pigeon, and water associated with the cohort heifers on farms R and/or X, When present in animal drinking water, E coli O157:H7 disseminated through the cohort cattle and other cattle that used the plater source, E, coli O157:H7 was found in water at <1 to 23 CFU/ml, Genomic subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that a single O157:H7 strain comprised a majority of the isolates from cohort and noncohort cattle, water, and other positive samples (i,e,, from feed, flies, and a pigeon, etc.) on a farm, The isolates from farm R, displayed two predominant XbaI restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDP), REDP 3 and REDP 7, during the first and second periods of shedding, respectively. Six additional REDP that were greater than or equal to 89% similar to REDP 3 or REDP 7 were identified among the farm R isolates, Additionally, the REDP of an O157:H7 isolate from a heifer on farm R in 1994 was indistinguishable from REDP 3, Farm X had one O157:H7 strain that predominated (96% of positive samples had strains with REDP 9), and the REDP of an isolate from a heifer in 1994 was indistinguishable from REDP 9, These results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 is disseminated from a common source on farms and that strains can persist in a herd for a 2-year period. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Kaspar, CW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol, 1925 Willow Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cwkaspar@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 47 TC 218 Z9 226 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1390 EP 1399 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZF412 UT WOS:000072894900036 PM 9546176 ER PT J AU Clark, L Belant, JL AF Clark, L Belant, JL TI Contribution of particulates and pH on cowbirds' (Molothrus ater) avoidance of grain treated with agricultural lime SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lime; aversion; repellent; cowbird; Molothrus ater ID ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; PARTICLE-SIZE; TEXTURE AB Agricultural lime used as a grain coating can be repellent to graniverous birds. However, whether repellency is achieved depends upon the method of preparation. The primary mechanism for mediating repellency is pH. Cowbirds avoid seed coated with agricultural lime (5% wt/wt) when the pH exceeds 12.3. A second underlying component mediating repellency exits that is based on avoidance of particulates. If the particulate seed coating consists of particles sized similar to 63-150 mu m, and has a pH of 11.4 or less, the repellent potency is about half that observed for raw unprocessed lime. Together, these data help explain emerging conflicting reports on the efficacy of agricultural lime as a bird-repellent. Finally, short-term data on food and water intake and energy balance suggest that periodic intake of agricultural lime does not adversely affect birds. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Clark, L (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1716 Heath Pkwy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00121-4 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA ZJ206 UT WOS:000073190100011 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK de Regt, MQ Tidwell, PD Tucker, CS Duke, SO AF Schrader, KK de Regt, MQ Tidwell, PD Tucker, CS Duke, SO TI Compounds with selective toxicity towards the off-flavor metabolite-producing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria cf. chalybea SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; cyanobacteria; green algae; phytotoxins; off-flavor; 2-methylisoborneol; selective toxicity ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL PRODUCTION; POTASSIUM RICINOLEATE; MUSTY ODOR; PONDS; GEOSMIN; WATER; MISSISSIPPI AB Oscillatoria cf. chalybea produces the musty, off-flavor compound 2-methylisobomeol, which can taint the flesh of channel catfish and render them unmarketable. Green algae are preferred over cyanobacteria in aquaculture ponds since they do not produce 2-methylisoborneol and because they are better in maintaining the primary productivity in pond ecosystems. The discovery of compounds exhibiting selective toxicity towards cyanobacteria is the first step in the development of a cyanobacterial algicide that would benefit the channel catfish industry. Herbicides and other synthetic compounds were screened using a microplate bioassay to determine their toxicity towards the cyanobacterium O. cf. chalybea and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Diquat, paraquat, and diuron were most inhibitory to the growth of O. cf. chalybea (0.1, 0.1, and 1.0 mu M, respectively) but only diquat and paraquat were selectively toxic towards O. cf. chalybea. Bromoxynil, cinmethylin, diclofop, isoxaben, and sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate were selective, with complete growth inhibition towards O. cf. chalybea. Of these compounds, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate appears to be the most environmentally and toxicologically safe for use in aquaculture. Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate may not be selectively toxic against all species of cyanobacteria, as evidenced by our additional screening of the compound using another cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPURU, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 49 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 1 PY 1998 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00223-3 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX348 UT WOS:000074506500007 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR Wise, DJ Li, MH AF Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR Wise, DJ Li, MH TI Growth, feed conversion, fillet proximate composition and resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus (Lesueur), and their reciprocal F1 hybrids fed 25% and 45% protein diets SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; PONDS AB Juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), blue catfish, I. furcatus (Lesueur), and their reciprocal Fl hybrids were fed practical diets containing 25% and 45% protein during a 10-week trial to determine the effects of genotype, dietary protein level and genotype X diet interactions on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), fillet proximate composition and resistance to the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri. Rankings of genotypes (best to worst) for absolute weight gain, percentage weight gain and FCR were: channel, channel female X blue male, blue, and blue female X channel male for the 25% protein diet; and channel, channel X blue, blue X channel, and blue for the 45% diet. Diet did not affect growth or FCR of channel catfish, but growth and FCR were better for blue catfish and both hybrids fed the 25% diet compared to those fed the 45% diet. Channel catfish additive genetic and maternal effects were favourable, and heterosis was negative for growth and FCR. After adjusting for effects of fish size, genotype had no effect on fillet composition. Fillet protein was higher for all genotypes, and fillet lipid was lower for blue catfish and hybrids fed the 45% diet than for fish fed the 25% diet. Genotype X diet interactions observed for growth, FCR and fillet lipid appeared to be a result of poor palatability of the 45% diet to blue catfish and hybrids. Survival (76-93%) and antibody levels (0.10-0.24 OD) after exposure to E. ictaluri at the end of the feeding trial were not affected by genotype or diet. Hybridization of blue catfish and channel catfish would not be an effective method for improving the traits measured for the fish strains and diets used in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 29 IS 4 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1998.tb01130.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ZQ219 UT WOS:000073834900004 ER PT J AU Huang, X Xu, RD Hawley, MD Hopkins, TL Kramer, KJ AF Huang, X Xu, RD Hawley, MD Hopkins, TL Kramer, KJ TI Electrochemical oxidation of N-acyldopamines and regioselective reactions of their quinones with N-acetylcysteine and thiourea SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE catecholamine; N-acetyldopamine; N-beta-alanyldopamine; o-quinone; adduct; thiol conjugate; N-acetylcysteine; thiourea; oxidation; nucleophilic addition; regioselectivity; cyclic voltammetry; electrochemistry; melanin; tumor; Parkinson's disease; insect cuticle ID HUMAN SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; MANDUCA-SEXTA L; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; POTENTIAL RELEVANCE; REACTION PATHWAYS; HUMAN-BRAIN; L-CYSTEINE; DOPAMINE; ACETYLDOPAMINE; 5-S-CYSTEINYLDOPAMINE AB The metabolism of catechols often involves their oxidation to quinones and subsequent nucleophilic addition reactions with sulfur-containing compounds, Adducts formed during these reactions may play important roles in many biological systems, We have studied the electrochemical oxidation of N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and N-beta-alanyldopamine (NBAD) in the presence of two sulfur-centered nucleophiles, N-acetylcysteine (NACS SH) and thiourea (TU), and have characterized the adducts and reaction pathways, NADA and NBAD react similarly, but their adducts with NACySH and TU were formed regioselectively, NACySH yields mainly B-adducts and TU only 6-adducts, The NACySH adducts are oxidized more easily than the parent N-acyldopamine, and their oxidations are chemically reversible, However, the TU adducts are more difficult to oxidize, and their oxidation products undergo further chemical reactions, An intramolecular base catalysis mechanism for adduct formation with NACySH is proposed, which facilitates removal of the proton from the sulfhydryl group of NACySH and directs formation of the B-adduct via a 1,6-Michael addition reaction, The absence of a proton on the thioureylene sulfur atom leads to formation of the 6-thioureylene adduct via a 1,4-Michael addition reaction of TU. This mechanism is consistent with the formation of other sulfur-centered adducts of catechols previously reported in the literature. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, GMPC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kramer, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, GMPC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR0 6294-01] NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD APR 1 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1006/abbi.1997.0567 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA ZF421 UT WOS:000072895800003 PM 9521807 ER PT J AU Mata, P Lopez-Miranda, J Pocovi, M Alonso, R Lahoz, C Marin, C Garces, C Cenarro, A Perez-Jimenez, F de Oya, M Ordovas, JM AF Mata, P Lopez-Miranda, J Pocovi, M Alonso, R Lahoz, C Marin, C Garces, C Cenarro, A Perez-Jimenez, F de Oya, M Ordovas, JM TI Human apolipoprotein A-I gene promoter mutation influences plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol response to dietary fat saturation SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A-I; diet; gene-environment interaction; gene polymorphism; high density lipoproteins; low density lipoproteins; promoter ID APO-AI; TRANSCRIPTION EFFICIENCY; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; POLYMORPHISM; REGION; SUBSTITUTION; ASSOCIATION; CIII; HDL; METABOLISM AB Previous studies have shown that the A to G transition occurring at position -75 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site in the human apolipoprotein A-I gene may affect plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response to changes in amount of dietary fat. We have examined the response to dietary fat saturation as a function of this mutation in 50 men and women. Subjects were first fed a saturated (SAT) fat diet (35% fat, 17% SAT) for 28 days, followed by a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty (MUFA) acids (35% fat, 22% MUFA) for 35 days and a diet rich in polyunsaturated (PUFA) fat (35% fat, 13% PUFA) for 35 days. All meals were prepared and consumed at the study sites. Lipoproteins were measured at the end of each diet period. The allele frequency for the A allele was 0.13. Subjects carrying the A allele had higher plasma cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride levels than those homozygotes for the G allele. As compared to the SAT diet, a PUFA diet induced significantly greater plasma total (P = 0.003) and LDL-C decreases (P = 0.001) in G/A women (-1.62 and -1.32 mmol/l, respectively) than in G/G subjects (-0.87 and -0.74 mmol/l for plasma and LDL-C, respectively). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that in women, the variability in LDL-C response from a diet rich in SAT fat to a diet rich in PUFA was primarily due to LDL-C levels (during the SAT phase), accounting for 55.1% of the variance, waist to hip ratio (W/H; 11.4%) and the G/A polymorphism (10%). Whereas in men the major determinant of this response was smoking (21.4%). In conclusion, the G/A polymorphism appears to have a small but significant effect on plasma LDL-C responsiveness to changes in dietary fat saturation specially in women. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain. Fdn Jimenez Diaz, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ordovas_li@hnrc.tufts.edu OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 43 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD APR PY 1998 VL 137 IS 2 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00265-7 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZM895 UT WOS:000073587100015 PM 9622280 ER PT J AU Padro, J Zhang, L Massman, WJ AF Padro, J Zhang, L Massman, WJ TI An analysis of measurements and modelling of air-surface exchange of NO-NO2-O-3 over grass SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Atmospheric Science and Applications to Air Quality CY JUN 18-20, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA, NASA, World Meteorol Org, US Weather Serv, UNESCO, Comm Sci & Technol Developing Countries, ASIA OCEANIA Network Biol Sci, Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Univ Washington DE O-3; NO; NO2; dry deposition; multi-layer model; measurements ID DRY DEPOSITION; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; OXIDE EMISSIONS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NITRIC-OXIDE; NITROGEN; NO2; CHEMISTRY; CANOPY AB This study lends support to the view that a dry deposition model for NO, NO2 and O-3 should include the appropriate chemical reactions in the surface layer concentration equation. Here, we attempt to include this mechanism in a model that is based on a K-theory (a rough approximation that has been criticized in the literature), structured to be used within regional air quality models. The model accepts input of routine meteorological measurements and is evaluated using numerical sensitivity tests and flux measurements that were collected over grass in Northern Colorado and are available for about 20 summer days. A comparison of this model's estimates of fluxes with observations shows that the impact on the NO and NO2 fluxes is strong when both the chemical reactions and the NO emissions are included at some low height in the surface layer and this impact increases with height. For O-3 fluxes at the low height of 6 m this impact is not as large, primarily due to the existence of large O-3 fluxes compared to NO + NO2. Numerical sensitivity tests show that it is necessary to include chemical reactions as well as NO emission for modelling the NO, NO2 and O-3 dry deposition fluxes, particularly for NO and NO2. Under some circumstances when the O-3 concentration is much larger than that of NO + NO2 and at a low reference height, the Big-Leaf model based on the constant flux assumption outperforms the K-theory model for O-3 dry deposition but this is not the case for NO and NO2 where reasonably accurate NO emissions need to be made available. This conclusion is based on the limited observations of the present study and may not apply to chemically reaction models using higher-order closures. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Atmospher Environm Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Padro, J (reprint author), Atmospher Environm Serv, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 1998 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1365 EP 1375 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00404-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZP047 UT WOS:000073711200003 ER PT J AU Anders, AD Faaborg, J Thompson, FR AF Anders, AD Faaborg, J Thompson, FR TI Postfledging dispersal, habitat use, and home-range size of juvenile Wood Thrushes SO AUK LA English DT Article ID MIGRATORY BIRDS; FOREST FRAGMENTS; NESTING SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; OVENBIRD; WARBLER; GROWTH; YOUNG; SEX AB Although the availability of suitable postfledging habitat potentially is pivotal to juvenile Neotropical migratory birds, data on dispersal, habitat use, and home-range size are limited. We used radio telemetry to study the postfledging ecology of juvenile Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) in the Ozark Mountains of southern Missouri. Natal home ranges were in mature oak-hickory forest, and natal home-range size ranged from 2.6 to 24.8 ha. Juveniles dispersed independently from their natal home ranges to post-dispersal ranges, with a mean dispersal direction of 185.2 +/- SD of 77.2 degrees and a mean distance of 2.08 +/- 1.48 km. Habitats used after dispersal differed from natal habitats and included early successional oak-hickory and pine forests, mid-successional pine forest, mature riparian forest, and forest/field edges. These habitats were characterized by a dense understory and thick ground cover. Post-dispersal home-range size averaged 1.53 ha. Our data suggest that in large tracts of mature deciduous forest, a mosaic of early and mid-successional forest stands, along with mature riparian forest, will accommodate both the breeding and post-dispersal habitat requirements of Wood Thrushes and other Neotropical migratory birds. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Anders, AD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 43 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 1998 VL 115 IS 2 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA ZH635 UT WOS:000073131400007 ER PT J AU Morris, DL Thompson, FR AF Morris, DL Thompson, FR TI Effects of habitat and invertebrate density on abundance and foraging behavior of Brown-headed Cowbirds SO AUK LA English DT Article ID GRASSHOPPERS; ACRIDIDAE; CATTLE; FOREST AB We Studied foraging brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in central Missouri to determine the influence of habitat type and invertebrate biomass on cowbird abundance and behavior. We measured flock size, density, peck rate, foraging time, vigilance, aggression, and invertebrate abundance in five habitats. Seven sites contained shore-grazed grass, short-ungrazed grass, tall-grazed grass, tall-ungrazed grass, and feedlot habitat treatments. Cowbird flock sizes were largest in short-grazed grass, but densities were highest in feedlots. Foraging time and aggression did not differ among habitats, but peck rates were highest in feedlots, and vigilance at foraging sites was highest in short-grass habitats. Females spent more time foraging than males, but peck rates did not vary significantly with sex. Males spent more time in vigilant and aggressive behaviors than did females. Invertebrate biomass and density were lowest in feedlots. Large flock sizes and high peck rates coincided with high invertebrate densities in short-grazed grass. Cowbird flock size was positively related to invertebrate density, but foraging time and peck rate were not related to invertebrate density. We conclude that cattle were an important component of the habitat that influenced cowbird foraging behavior. Cowbirds selected feedlots because of readily available grain and selected short-grazed grass because of the availability of invertebrate foods. Compared with grazing, grass height was of secondary importance to foraging cowbirds. C1 Univ Missouri, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, US Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Morris, DL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, US Forest Serv, 1-26 Agr Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM dmorris@cmc2.cmc.edu NR 42 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 1998 VL 115 IS 2 BP 376 EP 385 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA ZH635 UT WOS:000073131400010 ER PT J AU Conner, RN Saenz, D Rudolph, DC Ross, WG Kulhavy, DL AF Conner, RN Saenz, D Rudolph, DC Ross, WG Kulhavy, DL TI Red-cockaded woodpecker nest-cavity selection: Relationships with cavity age and resin production SO AUK LA English DT Article ID RAT SNAKES; MORTALITY; SWALLOWS; BEHAVIOR; TREES AB We evaluated selection of nest sites by male Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) in Texas relative to the age of the cavity when only cavities excavated by the woodpeckers were available and when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial cavities were available. We also evaluated nest-cavity selection relative to the ability of naturally excavated cavity trees to produce resin, which is used by the woodpeckers to maintain a barrier against predation by rat snakes (Elaphe spp.). Longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) selected by breeding males as nest trees produced significantly greater resin yields at 2, 8, and 24 h post-wounding than cavity trees used for roosting by other group members. This preference was observed in loblolly pine (I! taeda) and shortIeaf pine (P. echinata) cavity trees only at the 2-h resin-sampling period. When only naturally excavated cavities were available, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in both longleaf pine and loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat selected the newest cavities available for their nest sites, possibly as a means to reduce parasite loads. When both naturally excavated and artificial cavity inserts were available, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers continued to select the newest cavity for nesting in loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat but not in longleaf pine habitat. Resin production in existing longleaf pine nest trees remained sufficient for continued use, whereas resin production in loblolly pine and shortleaf pine nest trees decreased through time, probably because of woodpecker activity at resin wells. For these latter tree species, breeding males switched to newer cavities and/or cavity trees with higher resin yields. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Conner, RN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 1998 VL 115 IS 2 BP 447 EP 454 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA ZH635 UT WOS:000073131400017 ER PT J AU Latta, SC Parkes, KC Wunderle, JM AF Latta, SC Parkes, KC Wunderle, JM TI A new intrageneric Dendroica hybrid from Hispaniola SO AUK LA English DT Article C1 Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. RP Parkes, KC (reprint author), Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, 4400 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 1998 VL 115 IS 2 BP 533 EP 537 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA ZH635 UT WOS:000073131400034 ER PT J AU Holland, MS Mackenzie, CD Bull, RW Silva, RF AF Holland, MS Mackenzie, CD Bull, RW Silva, RF TI Latent turkey herpesvirus infection in lymphoid, nervous, and feather tissues of chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken tissues; in situ hybridization; immunofluorescence assay; latency; turkey herpesvirus ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS AB In earlier studies, we found that a late gene product, glycoprotein B (gB) was highly expressed in lymphoid tissues of chickens inoculated with turkey herpesvirus (HVT). The objectives of the present study were twofold. First, we wanted to expand on our previous research and determine if gB expression declines or disappears during later time periods of HVT infection. Second, we wanted to correlate gB expression with presence of HVT, i.e. if gB expression is absent, can HVT still be detected? Fifteen 1-day-old chicks were inoculated by intraperitoneal inoculation with 2000 plaque forming units of strain FC126 HVT. Thymus, spleen, bursa, brachial plexus, sciatic plexus, and feather tips were harvested at 21, 28, 35, 70, and 105 days postinoculation (PI). Brachial plexus and sciatic plexus were examined at 21, 28, and 35 days PI, and feather tips were examined at 21 and 28 days PI. An indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect HVT gB expression, and an in situ hybridization assay was used to detect HVT. At 21 days PI, gB expression was present in the thymus, spleen, and bursa. At 28 and 35 days PI, gB expression was detected in the thymus and spleen. At 70 days PI, gB expression was detected only in the spleen, and at 105 days PI, gB expression was not detected in any of the lymphoid tissue (thymus, spleen, or bursa). gB expression was not detected in the brachial plexus, sciatic plexus, or feather tips at any of the five time points. The bursa contained HVT only at 21 and 28 days PI. However, HVT was demonstrated in all other tissues from 21 to 105 days PI. Progression from a productive HVT infection to a latent HVT infection results in the loss of gB expression. Throughout this progression, a region of the HVT genome can be detected by appropriate methods. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Holland, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, E Fee Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 42 IS 2 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.2307/1592479 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZV915 UT WOS:000074354500009 PM 9645320 ER PT J AU Lillehoj, HS Choi, KD AF Lillehoj, HS Choi, KD TI Recombinant chicken interferon-gamma-mediated inhibition of Eimeria tenella development in vitro and reduction of oocyst production and body weight loss following Eimeria acervulina challenge infection SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Eimeria; coccidia; recombinant chicken interferon-gamma; cytokine; protective immunity; coccidiosis ID IFN-GAMMA; T-CELLS; IMMUNITY; COCCIDIOSIS; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; PROLIFERATION; SPOROZOITES; PARASITES AB Recombinant chicken interferon-gamma (chIFN-gamma) was produced in CHO-K1 or Spodoptera frugiperda (SF9) insect cells by transfect ion with a pcDNA vector or recombinant baculovirus (SF9-interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) carrying the chIFN-gamma gene. A rabbit antibody against a synthetic peptide corresponding to an immunogenic portion of chIFN-gamma recognized a 22-23-kDa band in SF3-IFN-gamma cell extracts by western blot analysis. Biological activity of recombinant chIFN-gamma was shown by its inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus-induced cytotoxicity of chicken embryonic fibroblast cells in vitro. To investigate the role of chIFN-gamma during Eimeria infection, CHCC-OU2 chicken cells either pretreated with chIFN-gamma or stably transfected with the chIFN-gamma gene were infected with Eimeria tenella sporozoites. IFN-gamma demonstrated significant reductions in intracellular sporozoite development without affecting sporozoite invasion of host cells. Furthermore, chickens treated with recombinant chIFN-gamma showed decreased oocyst production and significant improvement in body weight gain following Eimeria acervulina challenge infection. These results provide the first direct evidence that chIFN-gamma exerts an inhibitory effect against Eimeria and provides a rational basis for use of this cytokine as a vaccine adjuvant against coccidiosis. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 120 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 42 IS 2 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.2307/1592481 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZV915 UT WOS:000074354500011 PM 9645322 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Mitchell, BW Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Mitchell, BW Holt, PS TI Airborne transmission of Salmonella enteritidis infection between groups of chicks in controlled-environment isolation cabinets SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE airborne; chickens; eggs; Salmonella enteritidis; transmission ID PHAGE TYPE-4; LAYING HENS; PT4; TYPHIMURIUM; ROUTES; FLOCKS AB Although direct contact with infected birds and indirect contact with contaminated environmental surfaces are known to be important factors in the dissemination of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry flocks, the potential role of airborne transmission is less clearly defined. This study considered the mechanism by which S. enteritidis might spread between groups of chicks housed in controlled-environment disease transmission cabinets, separated by an unoccupied space that prevented any direct or indirect contact. Airflow in these cabinets was directed across the unoccupied area from one ("upstream") group of chicks to the other ("downstream") group. In each of four replicate trials, two groups of 25 chicks were placed in the upstream ends of transmission cabinets and orally inoculated with S. enteritidis at 1 week of age. One day later, 25 1-day-old chicks were placed in the downstream end of each cabinet. When chicks were removed and sampled at 3 and 7 days postinoculation, S. enteritidis was found on the feathers of 77% of the downstream chicks. Moreover, 33% of the downstream chicks became infected with S, interitidis. The comparative frequencies of recovery of S. enteritidis from various downstream sampling sites suggested that infection was apparently transmitted principally by oral ingestion, perhaps from environmental surfaces contaminated by airborne movement of the pathogen. Reducing the airborne movement of S. enteritidis in poultry houses should thus help limit the spread of infection within flocks and thereby diminish the incidence of production of contaminated eggs. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 42 IS 2 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.2307/1592482 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZV915 UT WOS:000074354500012 PM 9645323 ER PT J AU Smith, EJ Williams, SM Fadly, AM AF Smith, EJ Williams, SM Fadly, AM TI Detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J using the polymerase chain reaction SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE myeloid leukosis; primers; amplification; infection; avian leukosis virus ID HPRS-103 STRAIN; MYELOID LEUKOSIS; SARCOMA-VIRUSES; ENV GENE AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the detection of avian leukosis virus strain J (ALV-J) in chickens. Primers were based in the E element and the 3' terminus of the long terminal repeat of proviral ALV-J. PCR products were amplified from genomic DNA extracted from chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected with either strain HPRS-103, the prototype of ALV-J, or field isolates of ALV-J obtained from broiler breeder hocks in the United States that exhibited myeloid leukosis. The newly developed PCR detected ALV-J in DNA prepared from CEF inoculated with ALV-J but not from CEF inoculated with subgroup A, B, C, D, or E. The PCR also detected ALV-J in DNA prepared from blood, combs, and toes obtained from chickens experimentally infected with ALV-J and in DNA obtained from peripheral blood monocytes from naturally infected broiler breeder chickens. The PCR described here offers a specific and sensitive alternative to conventional virus isolation tests for ALV-J. C1 ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 42 IS 2 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.2307/1592488 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZV915 UT WOS:000074354500018 PM 9645329 ER PT J AU Caldwell, DJ Hargis, BM Corrier, DE DeLoach, JR AF Caldwell, DJ Hargis, BM Corrier, DE DeLoach, JR TI Frequency of isolation of Salmonella from protective foot covers worn in broiler houses as compared to drag-swab sampling SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chickens; drag-swab; environment; foot covers; poultry farms; Salmonella ID POULTRY FARMS AB In this study we tested the hypothesis that the frequency of Salmonella isolation from protective foot covers worn in individual broiler production houses would compare favorably to isolation rates obtained from conventional drag-swab methods. Salmonella was detected with equal frequency from protective foot covers and drag-swab assemblies on nine individual broiler farms over three separate sampling periods. Salmonella was detected in 13 of a total 27 individual samplings by culturing the protective foot covers, whereas positive detections occurred in 16 of a total 27 samplings when using the drag-swab method. Of the total number of houses identified as positive, these frequencies were unaltered when evaluated against the flock status of each farm at the time of sampling. Both methods were equally as likely to detect Salmonella when houses were either vacant (awaiting the placement of the next flock) or occupied (currently housing chickens of any age). In addition to highlighting the development of a potential new Salmonella monitoring technique, this study reinforces our current understanding regarding the importance of stringent biosecurity practices on poultry farms. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 42 IS 2 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.2307/1592489 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZV915 UT WOS:000074354500019 PM 9645330 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Lillehoj, HS AF Allen, PC Lillehoj, HS TI Genetic influence on nitric oxide production during Eimeria tenella infections in chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE induced nitric oxide synthase; S-methylisothiourea; N-G-methyl-L-arginine; plasma NO2- + NO3- ID ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXATION; L-ARGININE; COCCIDIA INFECTION; SYNTHASE; MACROPHAGES; ACERVULINA; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION AB Studies were carried out to assess the importance of nitric oxide (NO) production in vivo in resistance to Eimeria tenella infections through treatment of resistant SC and susceptible TK strains of chickens with compounds proven to be effective inhibitors of induced nitric oxide synthase. The SC strain produced higher levels of plasma NO2- + NO3- in response to primary infection than did the TK strain. SC chickens were also more responsive in reduction of NO2- + NO3- levels and increased oocyst output in response to treatments with S-methylisothiourea or N-G-methyl-L-arginine (LNMA) during primary infection. However, the SC strain, regardless of drug treatment, consistently yielded higher oocyst output during primary infection, indicating it could be susceptible to a higher parasite burden. On the other hand, the SC strain seemed to develop immunity more rapidly than the TK strain, in that oocyst output was decreased in both untreated and LNMA-treated chicks upon challenge infection compared with that of the TK strain. Oocyst output from both SC and TK strains was further decreased by LNMA treatment during challenge infection rather than increased, suggesting minimal involvement of NO production in the immune response to challenge. These results indicate that NO production during primary E, tenella infection may be only one of several immune responses and may not be the main anticoccidial effector. C1 ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, USDA, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 42 IS 2 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.2307/1592493 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZV915 UT WOS:000074354500023 PM 9645334 ER PT J AU Witter, RL AF Witter, RL TI The changing landscape of Marek's disease SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Avian Tumour Virology and L N Payne CY OCT 22-23, 1997 CL INST ANIM HLTH, COMPTON, ENGLAND HO INST ANIM HLTH ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; CHICKENS; VACCINE; TURKEYS; HERPESVIRUS; EFFICACY; STRAINS AB Marek's disease virus has been described as an evolving pathogen. as the virus itself has changed in the 30 years since its first isolation, so also have many other aspects of the disease and its control. The disease syndromes induced by virus infection have become generally more acute, more varied in type and occur naturally in a wider spectrum of hosts. There have been at least three distinct generations of vaccines, and a variety of control approaches based on genetics and management. One constant, however, is the deep concern of the poultry industry and research community alike, prompted by the unpredictability of outbreaks and the tendency for the virus to evolve faster than intervention strategies. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 69 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 SU 1 BP S46 EP S53 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZN228 UT WOS:000073622700007 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, A Latshaw, D Swayne, DE AF Bartholomew, A Latshaw, D Swayne, DE TI Changes in blood chemistry hematology, and histology caused by a selenium/vitamin E deficiency and recovery in chicks SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chicks; selenium; inflammatory response; necrosis; exudative diathesis AB Exudative diathesis, a condition caused by a selenium (Se)/vitamin E deficiency, was studied in chicks. Trios of chicks that showed clinical signs of exudative diathesis were matched for severity. One was injected subcutaneously with 0.5 mt distilled water, and the other two received 15 mu g of Se in 0.5 mt distilled water. A chick fed a diet with supplemental Se also received 0.5 mt distilled water. Blood was collected from three chicks 2 d after injection, and from the other chick, 6 d after injection. After blood was collected, pectoral muscle and bone marrow were collected. Deficient chicks showed varying degrees of necrosis in pectoral muscle, whereas recovering chicks had extensive fibrosis in pectoral muscle. An analysis of blood showed differences in CO2, glucose, Se, glutathione peroxidase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase. Heterophils and monocytes were increased in deficient chicks; lymphocytes, basophils, and hemoglobin decreased. After 6 d of recovery, all of the changes noted above were correcting toward normal. Eosinophils, in contrast, were unaffected by a deficiency, but increased in recovering chicks. It is hypothesized that cytokines associated with the inflammatory response accentuate the clinical signs of exudative diathesis. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Latshaw, D (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD APR-MAY PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1007/BF02820016 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZP879 UT WOS:000073797800002 PM 9630419 ER PT J AU Pearson, PL Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK Vallet, JL AF Pearson, PL Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK Vallet, JL TI Uterine environment and breed effects on erythropoiesis and liver protein secretion in late embryonic and early fetal swine SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID LITTER SIZE; CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT; CHINESE MEISHAN; OVULATION RATE; MICE LACKING; LARGE WHITE; PIG; HEMATOPOIESIS; UTEROFERRIN; EXPRESSION AB In this study we investigated erythropoiesis and fetal liver protein secretion during late embryonic (Day 24 and Day 30) and early fetal (Day 40) development in pigs from domestic white crossbred (WC) gilts with a normal (intact; INT) or crowded (unilateral hysterectomized/ovariectomized; UHO) uterine environment, or from prolific Chinese Meishan (MS) gilts. Increased fetal weight, fetal liver weight, placental weight, total red blood cells, hematocrit, blood hemoglobin content, and maternal plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels were observed as gestation advanced. Cultured fetal liver secretion of transferrin and a protein of M-r 12 500 and pI 7.5 also increased as gestation advanced. Fetal plasma EPO declined between Day 30 and Day 40. Differential counts of circulating erythroid precursors revealed a decline in basophilic erythroblasts and polychromatic erythroblasts between Day 24 and Day 40, an increase in orthochromatic erythroblasts on Day 30 followed by a drop on Day 40, and an increase in the percentage of reticulocytes/erythrocytes from < 1.0% to approximately 90% of circulating red brood cells between Day 24 and Day 40. Differences among the treatment groups included a lower fetal survival percentage in UHO (vs. INT or MS) on Day 40, and higher maternal hematocrits, fetal weights, fetal hematocrits, fetal EPO levels, and liver transferrin secretion in WC vs. MS pigs. MS pigs had a lower percentage of polychromatic erythroblasts overall and a higher percentage of orthochromatic erythroblasts on Day 24 followed by a higher percentage of erythrocytes on Day 40 than WC pigs, suggesting a more mature erythron (circulating red blood cells plus erythropoietic tissue) in the MS pigs. Covariate analysis indicated that MS had larger placentae per unit of body weight than did WC. Conclusions were that 1) Days 24-40 of gestation is a critical time for fetal erythropoiesis in pigs as well as survival in a crowded uterine environment, 2) the MS breed may differ in the development of the fetal erythropoietic system because of altered fetal or uterine physiology, and 3) the UHO procedure did not significantly affect erythropoiesis in the fetuses studied but did alter fetal survival and the relationship between fetal weight and both hematocrit and hemoglobin on Day 40. C1 ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM vallet@email.marc.usda.gov NR 52 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD APR PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 911 EP 918 DI 10.1095/biolreprod58.4.911 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZD126 UT WOS:000072654000006 PM 9546720 ER PT J AU Cho, SJ Klindt, J Jacobson, CD Anderson, LL AF Cho, SJ Klindt, J Jacobson, CD Anderson, LL TI Prostaglandin F-2 alpha-induced luteolysis of aging corpora lutea in hysterectomized pigs SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 27-30, 1996 CL UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO, LONDON, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO ID GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETION; HYPOPHYSEAL STALK TRANSECTION; PROGESTERONE SECRETION; RELAXIN CONCENTRATIONS; LATE PREGNANCY; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; PLASMA PROLACTIN; PARTURITION; INDUCTION AB Prostaglandins primarily of uterine origin play an important role in parturition. Hysterectomy of nongravid pigs early in the luteal phase maintains luteal function until about Day 150, whereas the duration of normal pregnancy is about 114 days. A precisely timed peak release of relaxin and coincident decrease in progesterone secretion in unmated hysterectomized gilts are similar to hormonal changes that occur a few hours before parturition. It is hypothesized that prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha)) in hysterectomized pigs mimics abrupt changes in ovarian and pituitary hormone secretion seen before normal parturition and in early lactation. Unmated Yorkshire gilts were hysterectomized on Days 6-8 of a normal estrous cycle, and at 1200 h on Day 113, they were given an i.m. injection of 30 mg PGF(2 alpha)-trihydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM) salt or PBS. None of these gilts expressed behavioral estrus immediately after PGF,, or vehicle treatment. On Day 113, PGF(2 alpha) increased peak relaxin (60 ng/ml) compared with that of controls (34 ng/ml; p < 0.01), whereas progesterone decreased abruptly (4 vs. 16 ng/ml in PGF(2 alpha) and PBS; p < 0.01). Prolactin remained at < 5 ng/ml from Day 98 to 120 in controls but peaked at 33 ng/ml immediately after PGF(2 alpha) treatment on Day 113, and then decreased to levels similar to those of controls on Day 120. Sequential bleeding revealed an acute growth hormone release (4.5 ng/ml) immediately after PGF(2 alpha) injection and return to basal levels (< 0.6 ng/ml) on Days 114-120. PGF(2 alpha) induced abrupt shifts in progesterone, relaxin, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion in hysterectomized gilts that mimicked hormone changes seen in late pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation. These findings provide new insight into the role of PGF(2 alpha) in abruptly changing hormone secretions by aging corpora lutea and the pituitary gland even in the absence of conceptuses or the uterus in the pig. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Anat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Neurosci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Program Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Cellular Biol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dev Biol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Sci & Educ Adm, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Anderson, LL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM llanders@iastate.edu RI Cho, Sang-Joon/H-5325-2011 OI Cho, Sang-Joon/0000-0003-4822-5658 NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD APR PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1032 EP 1037 DI 10.1095/biolreprod58.4.1032 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZD126 UT WOS:000072654000022 PM 9546736 ER PT J AU Broadhurst, CL Cunnane, SC Crawford, MA AF Broadhurst, CL Cunnane, SC Crawford, MA TI Dietary lipids and evolution of the human brain - Reply by Broadhurst et al. SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FATTY-ACIDS; INFANT; PLASMA C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada. Univ N London, Inst Brain Chem & Human Nutr, London N7 8DB, England. RP Broadhurst, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 79 IS 4 BP 390 EP 392 DI 10.1079/BJN19980065 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZH608 UT WOS:000073128600011 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK de Regt, MQ Tidwell, PR Tucker, CS Duke, SO AF Schrader, KK de Regt, MQ Tidwell, PR Tucker, CS Duke, SO TI Selective growth inhibition of the musty-odor producing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria cf. chalybea by natural compounds SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI CATFISH PONDS; BARLEY-STRAW; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL C1 Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPURU, Post Office Box 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 60 IS 4 BP 651 EP 658 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ZE615 UT WOS:000072812300023 PM 9557207 ER PT J AU Ryan, AS Treuth, MS Hunter, GR Elahi, D AF Ryan, AS Treuth, MS Hunter, GR Elahi, D TI Resistive training maintains bone mineral density in postmenopausal women SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone turnover; exercise; strength; osteoporosis; aging ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS; OLDER WOMEN; FAT-FREE; STRENGTH; MASS; EXERCISE; MUSCLE; TURNOVER; ESTROGEN AB We examined the effects of a total body resistive training program (RT) on total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. Twenty-seven healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 62 +/- 1 years) participated in a strength training program three times/week for 16 weeks. Strength was assessed before and after training by either one or three repetition maximum (1RM and 3RM) tests. Both upper and lower body strength significantly increased by 36-65% and 32-98%, respectively, after training. There was a small but significant decrease in body weight and body mass index after training (P < 0.05), with no change in the waist-to-hip ratio. BMD, assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, did not change over the duration of the training period in the anterioposterior spine (L-2-L-4), femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter. BMD of the total body, lateral spine (B-2-B-4), and the regions of the radius (1/3 radius and ultradistal radius) also did not fall in subsets of these women. Muscular strength of both the leg and chest press were significantly associated with L-2-L-4, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter BMD (range r = 0.57-0.84, all P < 0.005). Markers of bone turnover, namely, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and urinary aminoterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen did not change significantly. In conclusion, a resistive training program maintains BMD and improves muscular strength in healthy, older women. This may be important in preventing the negative health outcomes associated with the age-related loss of bone density. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, GRECC, Geriatr Serv, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Hlth Studies, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Ryan, AS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [1T32-AG00219] NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD APR PY 1998 VL 62 IS 4 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s002239900434 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZB890 UT WOS:000072518300004 PM 9504952 ER PT J AU McArthur, ED Freeman, DC Graham, JH Wang, H Sanderson, SC Monaco, TA Smith, BN AF McArthur, ED Freeman, DC Graham, JH Wang, H Sanderson, SC Monaco, TA Smith, BN TI Narrow hybrid zone between two subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata : Asteraceae). VI. Respiration and water potential SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; hybrid zones; respiration; water potential ID HYBRIDIZATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ECOPHYSIOLOGY; DYNAMICS; PATTERN; GROWTH; PHLOX; IRIS AB Respiration and stem water potential (Psi) were examined in parental and hybrid big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridentata and Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle) grown in common gardens within each parental zone and in the hybrid zone. Plants were sampled in July, August, and September, i.e., immediately before, during, and after flowering. The habitats differed from one another, and there were significant garden by date interactions. The source populations also differed significantly from one another. There were no significant garden by source interactions. Hybrid plants had intermediate respiration rates and did not suffer greater water stress than parental plants. Hybrid plants showed no apparent decrease in adaptation in the important physiological traits respiration and water stress in the hybrid zone. C1 US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP McArthur, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 N 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RI Wang, Han/A-9774-2008 OI Wang, Han/0000-0003-2420-3147 NR 70 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 4 BP 567 EP 574 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 111CW UT WOS:000075420600002 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR AF Johnson, GR TI Parental GCA testing: How many crosses per parent? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB The impact of increasing the number of crosses per parent (k) on the efficiency of roguing seed orchards (backwards selection, i.e., reselection of parents) was examined by using Monte Carlo simulation. Efficiencies were examined in light of advanced-generation Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) tree improvement programs where information is available from previous generations, seed orchards have reduced genetic variation as a result of selection, and dominance variation is small compared with additive variation. Both the efficiency of reselection and its associated variance leveled off after two or three crosses per parent. The information from previous generations did not significantly increase reselection efficiency. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 BP 540 EP 545 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-4-540 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZZ264 UT WOS:000074712000005 ER PT J AU Ruel, JJ Ayres, MP Lorio, PL AF Ruel, JJ Ayres, MP Lorio, PL TI Loblolly pine responds to mechanical wounding with increased resin flow SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BLUE-STAIN FUNGUS; BARK BEETLES; SCOTS PINE; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; SOUTHERN PINES; PICEA-ABIES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE; COLEOPTERA AB The oleoresin produced by many conifers has a deleterious effect on numerous associated herbivores, including bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and may have evolved as a plant defense mechanism. Three experiments with juvenile loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) used mechanical wounding to drain resin reserves and assess the effects of prior bark wounding on subsequent resin flow up to 7 days post-treatment. Resin flow returned to pre-treatment values within 2 days after wounding began and, in nearly every tree in each experiment, continued to increase on subsequent days. On average, resin flow reached double the pre-treatment values (mean +/- SE: 2.10 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.13 +/- 0.10 g/3 h and 2.28 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.90 +/- 0.09 g/3 h for wounded vs. pre-treatment in experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Considering its timing and magnitude, this previously undescribed response may be important in modulating interactions between pine trees and bark beetles. In addition, resin flow following treatment was greater in trees in larger crown size classes (thinned > edge of stand = unthinned in experiment 1; edge of stand > thinned > unthinned in experiment 2). This may help explain why trees in thinned stands are less susceptible to southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) infestation than trees in unthinned stands. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Ruel, JJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 BP 596 EP 602 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZZ264 UT WOS:000074712000012 ER PT J AU DeBell, JD Gartner, BL DeBell, DS AF DeBell, JD Gartner, BL DeBell, DS TI Fiber length in young hybrid Populus stems grown at extremely different rates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Length of libriform fibers was measured in rings 2-7 at breast height in 7-year-old hybrid poplar stems from two clones (11-11, a Populus trichocarpa Ton. & Gray x P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. hybrid; and D-01, of unknown taxonomic identity) grown in a controlled test of three spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 2.6 m) on an irrigated and fertilized site in western Washington. In each clone, samples included a very wide range of cambial growth rates, with ring widths from 1 to 19 mm. Growth rate, expressed in several ways, had no consistent effect on fiber length within rings of the same age for rings 2-6. For ring 7, however, there were positive correlations between most growth rate measures and fiber length. Whole-disk fiber length increased with overall growth rate as measured by stem diameter; this apparent anomaly is caused by the fact that fast-growing trees have more of their basal area concentrated in rings further from the pith than do slower growing trees, and these rings have longer fibers compared with rings closer to the pith. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Gartner, BL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-4-603 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZZ264 UT WOS:000074712000013 ER PT J AU Bai, D Knott, DR Zale, JM AF Bai, D Knott, DR Zale, JM TI The inheritance of leaf and stem rust resistance in Triticum monococcum L. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wheat; leaf rust; stem rust; inheritance ID F-SP-TRITICI; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; CHROMOSOME LOCATION; NOMENCLATURE; SYSTEM; GENE AB Resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) is common in Triticum monococcum L. For example, the 49 accessions in the University of Saskatchewan collection all gave a fleck reaction to leaf rust race CBB. To obtain some indication of whether they all carried the same gene, a set of diallel crosses was made among five of the accessions and three extra crosses were made between two additional accessions and two in the diallel set. The 13 F-2 populations involving a total of seven accessions were tested with LR CBB and no segregation for susceptible seedlings occurred. Thus, the seven T. monococcum accessions all carried at least one gene in common. To determine the number of genes involved in leaf rust resistance, four crosses were made between a highly resistant accession, TM157 (IT 0;), and four moderately resistant ones (IT 2-). The F-2 populations segregated for two independent dominant genes, one conditioning a fleck reaction and one a type 2 reaction. All seven highly resistant accessions must carry the first gene. Two of the T, monococcum accessions were resistant to stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) SR TMH. They proved to carry single genes for resistance, Sr22 in TM65 and Sr35 in TM157. C1 USDA ARS, SP Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Crop Sci & Plant Ecol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Hort Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Bai, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, SP Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 78 IS 2 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZU855 UT WOS:000074242400007 ER PT J AU Guidry, AJ O'Brien, CN Douglass, LW AF Guidry, AJ O'Brien, CN Douglass, LW TI A bovine mammary endothelial/epithelial cell culture model of the blood/milk barrier SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIUM IN-VITRO; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; NEUTROPHIL DIAPEDESIS; FC-RECEPTORS; MIGRATION; CHEMOTAXIS; EXPRESSION; ADHERENCE AB The complex nature of the mammary gland has hampered in-depth studies of the relationship of the circulatory system to cells lining the teat ducts and alveoli of the gland, This study reports an in vitro model of endothelial and epithelial cells separated by a subcellular matrix that simulates the blood milk barrier of the bovine mammary gland. Dual chamber culture dishes with a porous membrane separating the upper and lon er chamber were used. Endothelial and epithelial cells were cultured on opposite sides of the porous membrane, A collagen and fibroblast subcellular matrix, separating the 2 cell layers, simulated the in vivo interstitial tissue. Changes in surface binding of antibodies to polymorphonuclear neutrephils (PMN) following their migration from the upper to the lower chamber simulated the passage of PR IN from blood to milk, Changes in the binding of antibodies to PMN agreed with results observed following the migration of PMN from blood to milk in vivo. This gives credence to the model's potential value for studies where more direct observation of the blood/milk barrier is required, The model will be further tested for its usefulness as an assay for determining: 1) antibiotic diffusion from milk to blood and from blood to milk, 2) cytotoxicity of prophylactic and therapeutic mammary infusion products, 3) factors affecting bacterial adhesion and penetration of mammary epithelial tissue, 4) effectiveness of antibodies present in lacteal secretions in preventing bacterial adhesion, and 5) the feasibility of gene constructs to induce synthesis and secretion of mastitis-preventing compounds and prophylactic and therapeutic compounds for treatment of human disorders. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim Sci, Biometr Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Guidry, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD APR PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZD981 UT WOS:000072745100006 PM 9553710 ER PT J AU Rochette, EA Koskinen, WC AF Rochette, EA Koskinen, WC TI Atrazine sorption in field-moist soils: Supercritical carbon dioxide density effects SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID FLUID EXTRACTION; ORGANIC VAPORS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ADSORPTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE AB Supercritical carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) has been recently introduced for use in determining sorption coefficients of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in field-moist soils. In this study we determined the effects of SF-CO2 density modification on atrazine-soil sorption coefficients. As the density of SF-CO2 increased, the SF-CO2 soil/water partition coefficient (K-d) decreased. K-d values for the first desorption equilibration (K(d)D1) obtained with the SF-CO2 technique at an SF-CO2 density of 0.25 g mL(-1) were linearly related to soil organic carbon content, clay content, and batch Freundlich coefficients (Kf values). The log of K, for each soil was linearly related to the log of the SF-CO2 density for densities 0.25 through 0.45 g mL(-1). The SF-CO2 Kd value predicted using the batch K-f/SF-CO2 K-d relationship obtained in this study, and an experimental batch K-f value for a Minnesota (USA) soil from the literature, was consistent with the SF-CO2 K-d values predicted using organic carbon and clay content relationships obtained from this study. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rochette, EA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Div Soil Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1825 EP 1839 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)10068-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZA362 UT WOS:000072355900011 ER PT J AU Mersie, W Seybold, C Tierney, D McNamee, C AF Mersie, W Seybold, C Tierney, D McNamee, C TI Effect of temperature, disturbance and incubation time on release and degradation of atrazine in water columns over two types of sediments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID METOLACHLOR; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; RESIDUES; LAKES; SOILS AB The availability of sediment-bound atrazine to overlaying water is key in assessing its risk to aquatic organisms. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the potential release and degradation of sediment-bound atrazine in overlaying water columns. Sediments were generated from Cullen (1.3% organic carbon, 38% clay) and Emporia (0.63% organic carbon, 12% clay) soils and were incubated at two temperatures (5 and 24 degrees C) for 336 days. The concentration of atrazine in the water columns was determined before and after disturbance of the sediments to simulate dredging of water bodies. At 5 degrees C, the release of atrazine from sediment to water columns was biphasic, whereby a short period of rapid diffusion was followed by a longer period of slow release. With no sediment disturbance, about 40% of the atrazine applied to sediment diffused into the water columns at 5 degrees C. At 24 degrees C, less than 15% of the applied amount entered the water columns; this was due to the greater degradation rate of atrazine at this temperature. Initially, the disturbance of sediments caused greater amounts of atrazine to be released into the water columns at 5 degrees C, but disturbance caused no effect after 112 days. At 24 degrees C, the amount of atrazine released from sediments after disturbance was less than at 5 degrees C, and was minimal after 28 days. There was some diffusion of metabolites out of the Cullen sediment at 24 degrees C. In Emporia sediments however, metabolites were released only after disturbance of the sediment. Release of sediment-bound atrazine decreased with time and the decline was rapid at 24 OC, because of degradation of the herbicide. Disturbance of sediments, such as dredging, is unlikely to remobilize aged atrazine in warmer environments. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. Oregon State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Novartis Crop Protect Inc, Greensboro, NC 27419 USA. RP Mersie, W (reprint author), Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1867 EP 1881 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)10072-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZA362 UT WOS:000072355900014 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Speer, CA AF Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Speer, CA TI Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE MEMBRANE; HOST-CELL INVASION; IN-VITRO MODEL; STAGE-CONVERSION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PARASITE RELATIONSHIP; PROTOZOAN PARASITE; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; CHRONIC INFECTION; GAMMA-INTERFERON AB Infections by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are widely prevalent worldwide in animals and humans. This paper reviews the life cycle; the structure of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, oocysts, sporocysts, sporozoites and enteroepithelial stages of T gondii; and me mode of penetration of T gondii. The review provides a detailed account of the biology of tissue cysts and bradyzoites including in vivo and in vitro development, methods of separation from host tissue, tissue cyst rupture, and relapse. The mechanism of in vivo and in vitro stage conversion from sporozoites to tachyzoites to bradyzoites and from bradyzoites to tachyzoites to bradyzoites is also discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, LPSI, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, LPSI, BARC E, Bldg 1040,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM JDUBEY@GGPL.ARSUSDA.GOV RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 186 TC 403 Z9 427 U1 20 U2 87 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD APR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 2 BP 267 EP + PG 34 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZG781 UT WOS:000073038700002 PM 9564564 ER PT J AU Mason, JB AF Mason, JB TI Folate and colon cancer: a fascinating puzzle we have yet to complete SO CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADENOMATOUS POLYPS; COLORECTAL ADENOMA; NATIONAL POLYP; RISK; METHIONINE; ALCOHOL; MEN C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [UO-1-CA638-12-01] NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0261-5614 J9 CLIN NUTR JI Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 17 IS 2 BP 41 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0261-5614(98)80303-8 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZP156 UT WOS:000073722600001 PM 10205315 ER PT J AU Nelson, DR Guershon, M Gerling, D AF Nelson, DR Guershon, M Gerling, D TI The surface wax composition of the exuviae and adults of Aleyrodes singularis SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbons; wax esters; long-chain aldehydes; long-chain alcohols; fatty acids; insects; whitefly; Homoptera ID CUTICULAR LIPIDS; SCALE INSECTS; CHEMISTRY; HOMOPTERA AB Long-chain aldehydes, alcohols, hydrocarbons and wax esters were major components of the external lipids of adult Aleyrodes singularis. In exuviae, acetate esters replaced the hydrocarbons as a major component. The major long-chain alcohol and aldehyde from adults were C32 and were essentially the exclusive components of the wax particles. The major alcohol from exuviae was C26 and the aldehydes were C26, C28, C30 and C32. The major acetate esters were C28 and C30 in both adults and exuviae. There were wax esters of similar carbon number in adults and exuviae although the exuviae had a greater amount of wax esters with unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid and alcohol composition of the wax esters differed markedly between adults and exuviae. Wax esters of adults had similar amounts of C16, C18, C20, C22 and C24 fatty acids while those from exuviae contained largely C16 and C18. The major alcohol in the wax esters of adults was C22 and those of exuviae were C26 and C28. The distribution of fatty acids and alcohols among wax esters of varying chain length also differed between adults and exuviae: in adults C22 was the major fatty acid found in the dominant wax ester, C44 and the C22 alcohol was the major alcohol and found in wax esters C42 and C44. In exuviae C16 and C18 were the major fatty acids found in most wax esters and a C28 alcohol was the major alcohol found in wax esters C44 and C46, the two dominant wax esters in exuviae. It was clear that the difference in chemistry of the wax esters between the adults and exuviae is not evident unless the acid and alcohol moieties are characterized. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Nelson, DR (reprint author), USDA, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 119 IS 4 BP 655 EP 665 DI 10.1016/S0305-0491(98)00041-8 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 118FT UT WOS:000075828300006 ER PT J AU Oksanen, A Tryland, M Johnsen, K Dubey, JP AF Oksanen, A Tryland, M Johnsen, K Dubey, JP TI Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in North Atlantic marine mammals by the use of agglutination test employing whole tachyzoites and dithiothreitol SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cetaceans; pinnipeds; Toxoplasma gondii; agglutination test; dithiothreitol; DTT; North Atlantic ID INFECTION; SENSITIVITY; SPECIFICITY; DOLPHIN AB Serum samples from North Atlantic populations of harp seal, Phoca groenlandica (n = 316), ringed seal, Phoca hispida (n = 48), hooded seal, Cystophora cristata (n = 78), and minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (n = 202), were tested for Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG. The modified agglutination test (MAT) was slightly modified to be more user-friendly by replacing the 0.2 M 2-mercaptoethanol with 10 mM dithiothreitol. No positive samples were found at 1:40 dilution. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Arctic Vet Med, N-9005 Tromso, Norway. ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Oksanen, A (reprint author), Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Arctic Vet Med, N-9005 Tromso, Norway. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1998 VL 21 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0147-9571(97)00028-3 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZM256 UT WOS:000073520300004 PM 9611681 ER PT J AU Purcell, KL Verner, J AF Purcell, KL Verner, J TI Density and reproductive success of California Towhees SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; POPULATION BIOLOGY; BREEDING ECOLOGY; NEST PREDATION; SINKS; SPARROWS; BIRDS; INDICATOR; RATES; FOOD AB Models of habitat selection commonly assume that higher quality source habitats will be occupied at higher densities than sink habitats. We examined an apparent sink habitat for California Towhees (Pipilo crissalis) in which densities are greater than in nearby source habitats. We estimated territory density using spot-mapping and monitored nests of towhees in grazed and ungrazed oak pine woodland habitat. Breeding density of California Towhees was higher in ungrazed oak pine woodlands than in grazed areas, yet birds in the ungrazed site experienced lower reproductive success. Predation during the nestling period was primarily responsible for the lower nest success. Clutch size and the number of young fledged were also lower in the understory. Grazed sites had greater cover of live oak than ungrazed sites, and successful nests were more often built in live oak than in other plant species. This pattern could not be explained by dominant birds settling in grazed sites and excluding subdominant individuals because a large proportion of adults continued to settle in the ungrazed area. Towhees may have perceived the dense foliage of the ungrazed area as suitable due to abundant nest sites, cover, and food, resulting in an "ecological trap". The resulting high density of birds ther may have contributed to density-dependent predation. Alternatively, towhees are not ideally adapted to their habitats because of their sedentary habits and site tenacity that is not affected by persistent nest loss. We stress the need to examine the reproductive success and productivity of individual species within specific habitat types. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Purcell, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. EM kpurcell/psw_fresno@fs.fed.us RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 NR 55 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 442 EP 450 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96354.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZJ433 UT WOS:000073215200022 ER PT J AU Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR AF Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR TI Xylooligosaccharide utilization by the ruminal anaerobic bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RUMEN BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; TRANSPORT; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; XYLANS; ACIDS AB Fermentation of xylooligosaccharides by 11 strains of Selenomonas ruminantium was examined. Xylooligosaccharides were prepared by the partial hydrolysis of oat spelt xylan in dilute phosphoric acid (50 mM, 121 degrees C, 15 min) and were added to a complex, yeast extract-Trypticase-containing medium. Strains of S. ruminantium varied considerably in their capacity to ferment xylooligosaccharides. Strains GA192, GA31, H18, and D used arabinose, xylose, and the oligosaccharides xylobiose through xylopentaose, as well as considerable quantities of larger, unidentified oligosaccharides. Other strains of S, ruminantium (HD4, HD1, 20-21a, H6a, W-21, S23, 5-1) were able to use only the simple sugars present in the substrate mixture, The ability of S. ruminantium strains to utilize xylooligosaccharides was correlated with the presence of xylosidase and arabinosidase activities. Both enzyme activities were induced by growth on xylooligosaccharides, but no activity was detected in glucose-or arabinose-grown cultures. Xylooligosaccharide-fermenting strains of S, ruminantium exhibited considerable variation in substrate utilization patterns, and the assimilation of individual carbohydrate species also appeared to be regulated. Lactic, acetic, and propionic acids were the major fermentation end products detected. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cotta, MA (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 EI 1432-0991 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s002849900291 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZC177 UT WOS:000072548500001 PM 9504982 ER PT J AU Somkuti, GA Dominiecki, ME Steinberg, DH AF Somkuti, GA Dominiecki, ME Steinberg, DH TI Permeabilization of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus with ethanol SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-GALACTOSIDASE ACTIVITY; YEAST-CELLS KLUYVEROMYCES; LACTOSE TRANSPORT-SYSTEM; CHEMICAL PERMEABILIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRITON X-100; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; METABOLISM; CULTURES AB Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus cultures were treated with ethanol and tested for viability and beta-galactosidase activity. Exposure of the biomass of test cultures to 30%-55% ethanol (vol/vol) caused a 100% loss of viability and up to 15-fold Increase in measurable beta-galactosidase activity in both streptococci and lactobacilli. Ethanol-treated cell suspensions could be stored for up to 6 months without loss of enzyme activity. The nonviable permeabilized biomass of the more active S. thermophilus was used to achieve up to 80% hydrolysis of lactose in aqueous solutions and non-fat milk. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s002849900294 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZC177 UT WOS:000072548500004 PM 9504985 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Cooley, JD Straus, DC AF Purdy, CW Cooley, JD Straus, DC TI Cross-protection studies with three serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica in the goat model SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHALLENGE EXPOSURE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; CALVES; COLONIZATION; EFFICACY; DISEASE; VACCINE; CATTLE; SHEEP; A1 AB Cross-protection studies employing three serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica (Ph) were performed in goats, with challenge exposure by transthoracic injection. Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) serum titers showed that the herd had been naturally infected with Ph biovar A, serovar 2 (PhA2) prior to the study. Sixty-four weanling male Spanish goats were randomly allotted to 16 groups. Fifteen goats were given two transthoracic injections into the lungs 21 days apart with live Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 1 (PhA1) in agar beads. Fifteen goats were given two transthoracic injections into the lungs 21 days apart with live PhA2 in agar beads. Sixteen goats were given two transthoracic injections into the lungs 21 days apart with live P. haemolytica biovar A, serovar 6 (PhA6) in agar beads. Eighteen control (CON) goats were given two transthoracic injections into the lungs 21 days apart with agar beads alone. Fourteen days after the second injection, goats were challenge-exposed to either live PhA1, PhA2, or PhA6 by transthoracic injection into the: lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Serum antibody to P. haemolytica antigens was measured throughout the experiment. Mean volumes of consolidated lung tissue for the CON goats challenged with PhA1, PhA2, and PhA6 were 28.29 cm(3), 8.36 cm(3), and 16.29 cm(3), respectively. Mean volumes of consolidated lung tissue for the PhA1-immunized goats challenged with PhA1, PhA2, and PhA6 were 4.38 cm(3), 0.25 cm(3), and 1.90 cm(3), respectively. Mean volumes of consolidated lung tissue for the PhA2-immunized goats challenged with PhA1, PhA2, and PhA6 were 9.68 cm(3), 0.05 cm(3), and 3.39 cm(3), respectively. Mean volumes of consolidated lung tissue for the PhA6-immunized goats challenged with PhA1, PhA2, and PhA6 were 14.05 cm(3), 1.27 cm(3), and 4.53 3, respectively. These data demonstrate protection in immunized goats challenged with the homologous serotype of P. haemolytica. PhA1-immunized animals were protected against serotype 2 challenge as well as against serotype 6 challenge. PhA2-immunized animals were not protected against serotype 1 challenge, but were protected against transthoracic PhA6 challenge. PhA6-immunized animals were not protected against serotype 1 challenge, but were protected against transthoracic PhA2 challenge. There appears to be some cross-protection among the P. haemolytica serotypes, and this fact should be taken into consideration when developing vaccine against this organism. C1 ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. RP Straus, DC (reprint author), ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s002849900295 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZC177 UT WOS:000072548500005 PM 9504986 ER PT J AU McSteen, P Hake, S AF McSteen, P Hake, S TI Genetic control of plant development SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HOMEOBOX GENE; APICAL MERISTEM; ORGAN IDENTITY; MAIZE; SHOOT; LEAF; ANTIRRHINUM; MUTANT AB Recently, several genes have been cloned that affect plant architecture: CLAVATA1, which controls the balance between maintenance and organogenesis in the meristem; CUC2, which separates organ primordia in the meristem; and teosinte branched 1 and cycloidea, which use growth suppression to cause morphological change. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McSteen, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON W1P 6LB, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 9 IS 2 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0958-1669(98)80114-6 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA ZL466 UT WOS:000073435700011 ER PT J AU D'Amico, V Elkinton, JS Dwyer, G Willis, RB Montgomery, ME AF D'Amico, V Elkinton, JS Dwyer, G Willis, RB Montgomery, ME TI Foliage damage does not affect within-season transmission of an insect virus SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE damage-induced responses; disease transmission; foliage chemistry; foliage quality; gypsy moth; inhibition of virus transmission; Lymantria dispar; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Quercus rubra; Quercus velutina ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIIDAE; BACULOVIRUS; LARVAE; POPULATIONS; INDUCTION; HERBIVORE; RESPONSES; MORTALITY AB Gypsy moth defoliation of oak trees has been shown to lead to increased tannin levels, which, in turn, lead to reduced gypsy moth growth and fecundity. In laboratory experiments, increased tannin levels can interfere with the transmission of a virus that is consumed by larvae on oak foliage, and high mortality rates of larvae in the field are sometimes associated with low levels of defoliation. These latter results have led to the suggestion that gypsy moth defoliation may cause reduced mortality attributable to the virus by elevating oak tannin levels. In a series of field experiments, we directly tested the hypothesis that gypsy moth defoliation of oaks leads to reduced virus transmission rates. In each of three study years, in oak forests with almost no naturally occurring gypsy moths or virus, we measured virus transmission rates in gypsy moths feeding on oaks, with and without experimental defoliation. By carefully synchronizing our experiments with the phenology of natural gypsy moth populations, we mimicked natural virus transmission processes during that part of the gypsy moth life cycle when virus transmission occurs. In our experiments, there was no effect of gypsy moth defoliation on tannin levels; consequently, virus transmission in both the held and the lab was unaffected by defoliation. Although we did observe increased tannin levels on more severely defoliated oak trees in one of two naturally defoliated oak stands late in the season, virus transmission had virtually ceased by that time. Our results suggest that gypsy moth defoliation does not affect tannin levels early enough in the larval season to have a measurable effect on the interaction between the gypsy moth and its nuclear polyhedrosis virus. C1 NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, NE Forest Expt Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP D'Amico, V (reprint author), NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, NE Forest Expt Stn, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RI Dwyer, Greg/L-1134-2015 OI Dwyer, Greg/0000-0002-7387-2075 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 1998 VL 79 IS 3 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1104:FDDNAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZG985 UT WOS:000073060300030 ER PT J AU Boursaux-Eude, C St Girons, I Zuerner, R AF Boursaux-Eude, C St Girons, I Zuerner, R TI Leptospira genomics SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE chromosome organization; Leptospira; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ID BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME; INTERROGANS; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE; GENES AB The bacterial species Leptospira interrogans (sensu stricto) has a complex genome containing two circular chromosomal replicons. Comparative analysis of the larger chromosome reveals a fluid genetic organization with many large rearrangements differentiating two closely related strains. In the present study new genes were identified by partial sequence analysis of randomly cloned fragments of L. interrogans DNA. These genes were localized in regions of the genome by nucleic acid hybridization with DNA fragments separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The resulting genetic maps provide improved resolution for each strain and provide evidence for additional chromosomal rearrangements. Insertion elements may be involved in recombination events, as several are near regions of the chromosome that have undergone rearrangement. C1 Inst Pasteur, Unite Bacteriol Mol & Med, F-75724 Paris 15, France. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP St Girons, I (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Unite Bacteriol Mol & Med, 28 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. EM isgirons@pasteur.fr NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD APR PY 1998 VL 19 IS 4 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.1002/elps.1150190421 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZH351 UT WOS:000073099500020 PM 9588807 ER PT J AU Burke, MK Raynal, DJ AF Burke, MK Raynal, DJ TI Liming influences growth and nutrient balances in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings on an acidic forest soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE liming; sugar maple; potassium; phosphorous; roots ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; FOLIAR DIAGNOSIS; NEW-YORK; DECLINE; FERTILIZATION; STANDS; AVAILABILITY; PENNSYLVANIA; PATTERNS; DIEBACK AB Forests in the northeastern US have been limed to mitigate soil acidification and the acidity of surface waters and to improve soil base cation status. Much of the area considered for liming is within the range of sugar maple (Acei saccharum), but there is a poor understanding of how liming influences growth and nutrient balance of this species on sites that are not deficient in Ca. Of particular concern is the balance of K, a nutrient deficient in parts of the range of sugar maple and a deficiency linked with sugar maple decline in vigor. This buried pot study used soil that was low in K availability to test the influence of liming an acidic forest soil on biomass production and nutrient balance in 2-year-old sugar maple seedlings. The influence of surface applied lime and lime incorporated into the soil were compared with a control. Seedlings were planted on May 9 and were harvested on August 30. Plant parts were freeze-dried, weighed and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al and Fe. In addition to concentrations; nutrient ratios and the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) were used to estimate nutrient balances. Although seedlings were similar in mass and dimensions at the start of the experiment, harvested seedlings were 37% larger in the incorporated treatment and 9% smaller in the surface limed treatment compared to control. Only fine roots showed no difference in mass among treatments. Seedlings from the incorporated treatment had greater foliar Ca (P = 0.002), K (P = 0.004) and P (P = 0.004) than the other treatments. There were no significant differences in foliar Mg, N, Fe or Al concentrations. At the end of the experiment, seedlings from the surface limed treatment contained 11%;, less K and 3%, less P than control seedlings, while seedlings in the incorporated treatment contained 23% more K and 86% more P than in the control. Of the 14 nutrient ratios analyzed, four became more balanced and three became more imbalanced in the incorporated treatment and 10 nutrient ratios became more imbalanced and one ratio improved in the surface limed treatment compared to control. The DRIS indices showed that N was the most closely balanced nutrient relative to other nutrients and K was the most imbalanced nutrient in all treatments. Also, P was quite deficient while Ca, Mg and Fe were overabundant and Al was highly overabundant in all treatments. Surface liming exacerbated K, P and Al imbalances and nutrients remained similarly balanced in seedlings from the control and incorporated seedlings. This study suggested that liming acidic forest soils could intensify nutrient deficiencies, but that over the long term, the availability of highly deficient nutrients could improve. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Burke, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SO Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM burkem@cofc.edu NR 45 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1998 VL 39 IS 2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(97)00029-4 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZF779 UT WOS:000072932400002 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Robana, RR Hodges, HF Liu, XJ McKinion, JM AF Reddy, KR Robana, RR Hodges, HF Liu, XJ McKinion, JM TI Interactions of CO2 enrichment and temperature on cotton growth and leaf characteristics SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CO2 enrichment; temperature; Gossypium hirsutum; growth; stomata ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; PIMA COTTON; STOMATAL DENSITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; LEAVES; PLANTS; INCREASES AB Studies on the interactive effects of atmospheric CO2 and temperature on growth and leaf morphology, particularly on stomatal index and density are limited. Upland cotton was grown in naturally-lit plant growth chambers al 30/22 degrees C day/night temperatures from planting until squaring or the fifth or sixth leaf emerged. Five growth chambers were maintained at ambient (350 mu l l(-1)) CO2 and another five at twice ambient (700 mu l l(-1)) CO2 throughout the experiment. Day/night temperature treatments of 20/12, 25/17, 30/22, 35/27 and 40/32 degrees C were imposed at each CO2 treatment for 42 days after squaring. The plants were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution three times per day. Growth of plant parts was determined at the end of the experiment. Stomatal characteristics, nonstructural carbohydrates and specific leaf weight were measured on the fully expanded tenth mainstem leaf, Stomatal density and index were not affected by elevated CO2. Stomata and epidermal cell numbers pet leaf increased in high CO2 and were positively correlated with final leaf sizes irrespective of CO2 level. Our results suggest that plants do not acclimate to elevated CO2 by changing stomatal density within a single generation. Leaves had greater area and accumulated more biomass when grown in high CO2. Growth stimulation expressed as dry weight at 700 mu l l(-1) over dry weight al 350 mu l l(-1) CO2 was uniform across temperatures. Temperature optimum for vegetative and reproductive growth was 30/22 degrees C and was not altered by CO2 enrichment. Fruit retention was severely curtailed at the two higher temperatures compared to 30/22 degrees C in both CO2 environments. increased carbohydrate storage in leaves may be an added advantage for initiation and growth of vegetative structures such as branches at all temperatures. However, it is unlikely that high temperature effects on flower abortion will be ameliorated by high CO2. Species/cultivars that retain fruits at high temperatures would be more productive both in the present-day cotton producing environments and are even more desirable in the future warmer world. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Crop Simulat Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 44 TC 39 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1998 VL 39 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(97)00028-2 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZF779 UT WOS:000072932400003 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JL AF Nielsen, JL TI Threatened fishes of the world: Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni, Evermann, 1908 (Salmonidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article C1 Stanford Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn,Dept Biol Sci, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn,Dept Biol Sci, Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 1998 VL 51 IS 4 BP 376 EP 376 DI 10.1023/A:1007489828820 PG 1 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZF127 UT WOS:000072865300003 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Weaver, DK Kendra, PE Brenner, RJ AF Arbogast, RT Weaver, DK Kendra, PE Brenner, RJ TI Implications of spatial distribution of insect populations in storage ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BULK; TRAPS; GRAIN AB Integrated management of storage pests requires understanding storage ecosystems and accurately monitoring pest population levels. Geostatistical techniques for. spatial analysis provide a powerful tool to assist in biological interpretation of sample counts and trap captures of insects, as well as interpretation of physical measurements such as grain temperature and moisture content. Contour analysis is a S-step process. Data are first posted to a map of sample points; then a denser grid of data points is generated by interpolation (using one of several algorithms), and contours (lines joining points with equal values) are drawn at some axed interval. This provides a contour display showing the value of the variable at all points on the surface represented by the sample points. The utility of this method in stored-product protection is illustrated by a series of studies based on data sets for stored corn. These include comparison of spatial distribution of species and species interactions: analysis of temporal changes in distribution, precision targeting, and evaluation of control measures; interpretation of trap catch; examination of physical variables and interactions of insects with the physical environment; and analysis of goodness of fit of contour surfaces to the data The utility of techniques such as grid subtraction and construction of probability contours is demonstrated. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agricultural & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agricultural & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 202 EP 216 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800005 ER PT J AU Van Driesche, R Kingsley, P Rose, M Bryan, M AF Van Driesche, R Kingsley, P Rose, M Bryan, M TI Effect of euonymus scale (Homoptera : Diaspididae) on Euonymus spp. survival in southern New England, with estimates of economic costs of pest damage SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Euonymus spp.; Unaspis euonymi; plant survival; economic losses AB In the landscape in southern New England, Euonymus fortunei (L.) tagged plants heavily infested with euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), suffered 12.1% mortality annually, a 4-fold increase compared to noninfested or less infested plants. Of 3,549 landscape euonymus plants in Massachusetts examined from 1989 to 1992, 20.9% had heavy scale infestations. Statewide surveys in 1992 and 1993 in Massachusetts found euonymus plant densities of 0.66 plants per commercial and 0.49 plants per residential property. Using federal census data (1990) indicating that there were 90,896 commercial and 1,622,900 residential properties in Massachusetts, the number of euonymus plants in Massachusetts was calculated as approximately 821,846. Because 20.9% (171,766) of these plants are heavily infested and therefore at increased risk of mortality from euonymus scale, an estimated 15,803 euonymus plant deaths can be attributed to euonymus scale annually in Massachusetts (after allowance for mortality rates in uninfested or less infested plants). Annual economic losses from euonymus scale in Massachusetts (at $22.50 per replacement plant) are therefore approximately $355,568, or for southern New England as a whole, approximately $711,135. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, APHIS, Methods Dev Lab, Cape Cod, MA 02532 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Niles, MI 49120 USA. RP Van Driesche, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800006 ER PT J AU Hellmich, RL Pingel, RL Hansen, WR AF Hellmich, RL Pingel, RL Hansen, WR TI Influencing European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) aggregation sites in small grain crops SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE European corn borer; refuge; trap crop; aggregation; legume; resistance management ID INSECT ADAPTATION; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; SEED MIXTURES; PYRALIDAE; CORNFIELD; REFUGIA AB Reliable methods to attract European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), adults to small grain crops could be used to aggregate moths into small well-defined areas for control purposes or could be used in a resistance management program for delaying potential O, nubilalis resistance to transgenic corn. The objective of this research was to determine whether small-grain crops could be managed to influence O. nubilalis aggregation behavior. In farmer-managed oat, Avena sativa (L,.), fields, more O, nubilalis adults were attracted to high-density patches of oat compared with standard patches of oat; no difference was found between patches of high-density oat and brome, Bromus spp. Numbers of O, nubilalis moths found in 6 barley,, Hordeum vulgare (L.), and legume treatments (1995),and 4 oat/legume treatments (1996) were significantly different. The highest number of O.,nubilalis adults were observed in barley planted with alfalfa, Medicago sativa (L.),followed by barley planted with crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum (L.),barley planted with berseem, Trifolium, alexandrinum (L.) barley planted with black medic, Medicago lupulina (L.), barley alone, and barley planted with Lespedeza, Lespedeza stipulacea (Maximowicz), Double-planted oat attracted the highest number of O. nubilalis adults followed by oat planted with crimson clover, oat planted with alfalfa, and single-planted oat. Each study suggests that there is a positive correlation between moth aggregation and canopy area. Suggestions are made that timing canopy closure of a small-grain crop with peak O. nubilalis night should maximize O, nubilalis aggregation and should thereby increase the efficacy of any control measures. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hellmich, RL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 253 EP 259 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800011 ER PT J AU Throne, JE Hagstrum, DW Nawrot, J AF Throne, JE Hagstrum, DW Nawrot, J TI Computer model for simulating almond moth (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) population dynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cadra cautella; citrus pulp; corn; peanuts; population dynamics; simulation model ID CAUTELLA WALKER LEPIDOPTERA; STORED GRAIN; INSECT PESTS; MANAGEMENT; TEMPERATURE; PHEROMONE; PEANUTS; SYSTEMS; TRAPS AB We developed a computer model for simulating the population dynamics of the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker). The model incorporates previously published life history data for the almond moth developing on stored peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., including stage-specific immature developmental time and survival and adult longevity and fecundity. The model was modified so that it also could be used to simulate almond moth population dynamics on stored, dried citrus pulp and stored corn (Zea mays L.). We tested the validity of the model by using 4 previously published data sets. The model was useful for interpreting population dynamics observed in the previously published studies and will be useful for optimizing management strategies for the almond moth. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Throne, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 344 EP 354 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800024 ER PT J AU Sivinski, J Aluja, M Holler, T Eitam, A AF Sivinski, J Aluja, M Holler, T Eitam, A TI Phenological comparison of two Braconid parasitoids of the Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fruit flies; Braconidae; Diachasmimorpha; Doryctobracon; population dynamics; biological control ID HYMENOPTERA AB Two species of Braconidae, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti), commonly attack the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), in central Florida. There are temporal changes in the relative abundance of the 2 parasitoids, with a tendency for D. longicaudata to become more common as the fruiting periods of various host trees progress. An exception occurs when D. longicaudata declines relative to D. areolatus during the late-autumn and Hinter fruiting of the citrus Fruit calamundin, chi Citrofortuella mitis J. Ingram & H.E. Moore. During the year there is a spring rise and then an autumn decline in the relative abundance of D. longicaudata. This pattern is not explained by any within-tree changes in fruit size or host larval densities, Many changes in relative abundance are consistent with D. areolatus being superior to D. longicaudata in finding host patches, but inferior at exploiting hosts (counter-balanced competition). Seasonal changes in maximum temperatures are also correlated to changes in the relative abundance of D. longicaudata to D. areolatus. It appears that the outcome of the competition between the 2 species is influenced by climatic conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 360 EP 365 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800026 ER PT J AU De Groot, P Debarr, GL Birgersson, G AF De Groot, P Debarr, GL Birgersson, G TI Field bioassays of synthetic pheromones and host monoterpenes for Conophthorus coniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conophthorus coniperda; pheromone; monoterpenes ID PINE-CONE BEETLE; RESINOSAE HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; SCHWARZ AB Four major monoterpenes, (+/-)-alpha-pinene, 1(S)-(-)-beta-pinene, (R)-(+)-limonene, and myrcene are found in the cones of eastern white pines, Pinus strobus L. Mixtures of these, as well as, alpha-pinene or beta-pinene alone. increased catches of male white pine cone beetles, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwartz), in traps baited with the female sex pheromone, (+/-)-trans-pityol. The monoterpenes by themselves as mixtures or individually (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene) were not attractants for males or females. Traps baited with (+/-)-trans-pityol and alpha-pinene caught as many, or significantly more beetles than those baited with pityol and a four monoterpene mixture (1:1:1:1) used in seed orchards in North Carolina Ohio, and Virginia. Three beetle produced compounds, conophthorin, trans-pinocarveol, and myrtenol did not enhance catches of males or females in (+/-)-trans-pityol-baited traps. Racemic E-(+/-)-conophthorin, E-(-)-conophthorin, and E-(+)-conophthorin significantly reduced catches of males in traps baited with (+)-trans-pityol alone. Female C. coniperda were not attracted to any of the host-or beetle-produced compounds tested. The study demonstrated that traps with baits releasing (+/-)-trans-pityol at about 1mg/wk with (+/-)-alpha-pinene (98% pure) are potentially valuable tools for C. coniperda pest management. Baited traps can be used to monitor C. coniperda populations or possibly to reduce seed losses in a beetle trap-out control strategy. C1 Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada. US Forest Serv, So Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP De Groot, P (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Box 490, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 382 EP 387 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800029 ER PT J AU Hentz, MG Ellsworth, PC Naranjo, SE Watson, TF AF Hentz, MG Ellsworth, PC Naranjo, SE Watson, TF TI Development, longevity, and fecundity of Chelonus sp.nr. curvimaculatus (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), an egg-larval parasitoid of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chelonus sp, nr. curvimaculatus; Pectinophora gossypiella; biological control; life history ID TEMPERATURE AB Detailed biological information is lacking on Chelonus sp, nr, curvimaculatus, an egg-larval parasitoid of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). We conducted laboratory studies to gain new understanding of the biology of C. sp. nr, curvimaculatus reared on this economically important host. Developmental time, adult longevity, and fecundity of C. sp. nr, curvimaculatus were studied under 5 constant temperatures and 3 photoperiods. At 20 degrees C, parasitoid development, from egg to adult, was longer for females (53.6 d) than for males ( 49.5 d), but at 35 degrees C both sexes developed in a similar period (19.9 d for females and 18.8 d for males). The thermal constant for female and male C. sp, nr, curvimaculatus, from egg to adult, was 366 and 353 above a base temperature of 12.95 degrees C and 12.47 degrees C, respectively. Adult male (approximate to 16.5 d) and female (approximate to 20 d) parasitoids lived longest at 20 degrees C, and at 35 degrees C both lived approximate to 6.5 d. True and realized fecundity was highest at 25 degrees C (approximate to 1,034 and 420 eggs per female, respectively) and lowest at 35 degrees C (approximate to 119 and 67 respectively), The percentage of superparasitized host eggs was greatest at 25 and 30 degrees C (approximate to 55%), and lowest at 35 degrees C (approximate to 29%). Net reproductive rates (Ro) were variable across all conditions. Based on the realized fecundity, Ro was highest at 20 degrees C (103.37) and lowest at 35 degrees C (32.79). Temperature and the age of the parasitoid had the greatest influence on fecundity. Photoperiod played a minor role in influencing developmental rates, but not adult longevity or fecundity of C. sp, nr. curvimaculatus. This life history and rearing information should be useful in field release studies and the development of future biological control programs for pink bollworm. C1 Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hentz, MG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, POB 8003, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800038 ER PT J AU Peacock, JW Schweitzer, DF Carter, JL Dubois, NR AF Peacock, JW Schweitzer, DF Carter, JL Dubois, NR TI Laboratory assessment of the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on native Lepidoptera SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; nontarget Lepidoptera; microbial control ID MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; VAR KURSTAKI; LYMANTRIIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE AB The effect of 2 formulations of Bacillus thuringlensis subsp, kurstaki (Foray 48B and Dipel 8AF) was evaluated on 42, species of native Lepidoptera in laboratory bioassays using instars that are present in the field at the time of gypsy moth suppression applications. Mortality was significant for 27 of the 42 species evaluated against Foray 48B, and 8 of 14 species evaluated against Dipel 8AF. Susceptible species were noted in 5 of 6 families assayed-Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Saturniidae, and Noctuidae. The 1 species treated in the Lymantriidae family was not susceptible to B. thuringensis. Treated individuals that survived for a week were likely to reach adulthood. Intrageneric differences in susceptibility to B. thuringiensis were recorded among 8 species of Catocala and 3 species of Lithophane assayed. Of the 18 species assayed as Ist or 2nd instars, mortality was significant, usually exceeding 95%. By contrast, 9 of 11 species not susceptible to B. thuringiensis were assayed as penultimate or ultimate instars. However, species susceptible to B. thuringiensis were found in both early and late instars. C1 Nat Conservancy, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Peacock, JW (reprint author), 185 Benzler Lust Rd, Marion, OH 43302 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800039 ER PT J AU Buckingham, GR Bennett, CA AF Buckingham, GR Bennett, CA TI Host range studies with Bagous affinis (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), an Indian weevil that feeds on Hydrilla tubers SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bagous affinis; hydrilla; biocontrol; aquatic plants; Potamogeton; Vallisneria; Florida ID VERTICILLATA HYDROCHARITACEAE AB The plant host feeding range of Bagous affinis Hustache was studied in a Florida quarantine facility as part of a program for the biological control of hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata (L. fil.) Royle, an immigrant submersed aquatic weed. Larvae attack hydrilla tubers in soil exposed during droughts or drawdowns. Thirty-nine plant species in 20 families were tested with lanae, and feeding was observed on 6 species. A few adults emerged from 3 species of Potamogeton and from Vallisneria americana Michaux. Adult feeding tests were conducted with 52 plant species in 29 families. Adults fed moderately on several species in 3 families: Apiaceae. the hydrilla family Hydrocharitaceae, and Potamogetonaceae. They fed heavily in no-choice tests on stems of the immigrant submersed weed Egeria densa Planchon, a close relative of hydrilla, Newly emerged females developed small numbers of eggs on 3 species of Hydrocharitaceae. Only 1 species, V. americana, could be a potential host plant, but the low oogenesis combined with low lan al development indicated that it would be difficult for B. affinis to colonize this species in the field. In its native range in India and Pakistan, B. affinis has been reported only from hydrilla. Based upon a review of these data, USDA-APHIS issued a PPQ 526 permit on 17 February 1987 for field release of this biological control agent. B. affinis was subsequently released in Florida and California, but there are no reports of permanent establishment. C1 USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Buckingham, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 469 EP 479 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800042 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA King, EG Saldana, G Greenberg, SM AF Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA King, EG Saldana, G Greenberg, SM TI Use of a factitious host and supplemented adult diet to rear and induce oogenesis in Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Catolaccus grandis; Anthonomus g. grandis; Callosobruchus maculatus; biological control; factitious host ID BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; BURKS HYMENOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE INFESTATIONS; FECUNDITY; LONGEVITY; INCREASE AB Augmentation and release of the ectoparasitoid Catolaccus grandis (Burks) against the boil weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, has relied on the production of boil weevils for the past 15 yr. Eliminating this dependence on a host that is expensive to rear could make this technology commercially viable. Seven species of insects that are more easily reared than the boil weevil were tested as factitious hosts of C. grandis. Four species were lepidopterans-Galleria mellonella (L.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Heliothis virescens (F.), and Chilo plejadellus Zincken. Only H zea and H. virescens stimulated oviposition by C. grandis; nevertheless this parasitoid did not complete development in any of these lepidopterans. The other 3 species were coleopterans-Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman, Anthanomus eugenii Cane, and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Females of C. grandis oviposited and parasitoids completed development in all coleopteran species. C. grandis females reared on C. maculatus oviposited significantly more eggs per day than those reared on A. eugenii or C. aeneus. Chemical analyses showed that the concentrations of proline, histidine, glutamine, and tyrosine in C. maculatus and A. eugenii hemolymph most closely resembled those of A, g. grandis hemolymph. The effectiveness of the factitious hosts to stimulate oogenesis was indirectly tested by comparing oviposition rates of females exposed to the factitious hosts to those of naive females. Even though A. eugenii and C. maculatus stimulated oogenesis (conditioning) in C. grandis females after 3 d of exposure, the degree of stimulation was significantly lower than that induced by exposure to A. g. grandis prepupae. The results indicate that C. maculatus is a promising factitious host to rear and condition C. grandis females. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 499 EP 507 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM261 UT WOS:000073520800045 ER PT J AU Shortle, JS Horan, RD Abler, DG AF Shortle, JS Horan, RD Abler, DG TI Research issues in nonpoint pollution control SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress of Environmental and Resource Economists CY JUN 25-27, 1998 CL VENICE, ITALY DE ambient taxes; input taxes; nonpoint pollution; second-best ID ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY; INCENTIVES AB Research on nonpoint pollution control instruments has focused primarily on incentives applied either to production inputs that affect nonpoint pollution, or to ambient pollution concentrations. Both approaches may in theory yield an efficient solution. However, input-based incentives will generally have to be second-best to make implementation practical. Design issues include which inputs to monitor and the rates to apply to them. The limited research indicates that second-best, input-based incentives can be effective in adjusting input use in environmentally desirable ways. Alternatively, ambient-based incentives have theoretical appeal because efficient policy design appears to be less complex than for input-based incentives. These incentives have no track record nor close analogues that demonstrate potential effectiveness, however. Research on how households and firms might react in response to ambient-based incentives is needed before these instruments can be seriously considered. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16828 USA. Econ Res Serv, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Shortle, JS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16828 USA. NR 35 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 571 EP 585 DI 10.1023/A:1008276202889 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111XA UT WOS:000075462700022 ER PT J AU Nelson, ED McConnell, LL Baker, JE AF Nelson, ED McConnell, LL Baker, JE TI Diffusive exchange of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls across the air-water interlace of the Chesapeake Bay SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; LAW CONSTANTS; GREAT-LAKES; GREEN BAY; SEDIMENTS; SUPERIOR; FLUXES; BAIKAL AB Dissolved and gas-phase concentrations of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 46 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners were measured at eight sites on the Chesapeake Bay at four different times of the year to estimate net diffusive air-water gas exchange rates. Gaseous PAHs are absorbed into the bay's surface waters during the spring, and lighter compounds revolatilize in the late summer and early fall due to seasonal changes in surface water temperature and atmospheric PAH levels. On an annual basis, the atmosphere is a net source of volatile PAHs to the Chesapeake Bay, and gas absorption may be the largest external source of fluorene and phenanthrene, providing up to three times the combined loadings from wet and dry aerosol deposition and from tributaries. Largest PAH absorptive fluxes occurred in the northern Chesapeake when prevailing winds carried PAH-enriched air from the Baltimore-Washington urban area over the bay. In contrast to PAHs, PCBs volatilize from the Chesapeake Bay throughout the year, with the largest fluxes occurring in September and the smallest fluxes in June. However, higher chlorinated (6-8) homologues are absorbed by bay waters during most of the year. Highest PCB volatilization rates were observed in the northern Chesapeake Bay and near the James River in the southern bay, indicating volatilization offsets PCB loading from the bay's tributaries. Volatilization is the dominant removal process for PCBs from the Chesapeake Bay, removing an estimated 400 kg/year. This value is larger than current external PCB loadings, suggesting that release of PCBs from historically contaminated sediments supports volatilization from the bay. C1 Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM baker@cbl.umces.edu RI Baker, Joel/A-9685-2011; McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 OI Baker, Joel/0000-0002-9980-7781; NR 45 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 7 BP 912 EP 919 DI 10.1021/es9706155 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZE844 UT WOS:000072837300029 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Landivar, JA Witt, M Gerik, TJ Cavero, J Wade, LJ AF Kiniry, JR Landivar, JA Witt, M Gerik, TJ Cavero, J Wade, LJ TI Radiation-use efficiency response to vapor pressure deficit for maize and sorghum SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE crop modeling; maize; radiation-use efficiency; sorghum; vapor pressure deficit ID HUMIDITY; AIR; C-3 AB Variability within a crop species in the amount of dry mass produced per unit intercepted solar radiation, or radiation-use efficiency (RUE), is important for the quantification of plant productivity. RUE has been used to integrate (1) leaf area, (2) solar radiation interception, and (3) productivity per unit leaf area into crop productivity. Responsiveness of RUE to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) should relate closely to responsiveness of CO2 exchange rate (CER) to VPD. The objective of this study was to compare independent RUE measurements to published response functions relating VPD with RUE of maize (Zea mays L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)]. Data sets from five locations covering a wide range of mean VPD values were compared to published response functions, Predicted RUE values were nearly always within the 95% confidence intervals of measurements. Measured RUE of maize decreased as VPD increased from 0.9 to 1.7 kPa. For sorghum, measured values of RUE agreed closely with predictions. RUE of sorghum decreased as VPD increased from 1.1 to 2.2 kPa. The relative RUE:VPD responses for these two species were similar to CER:VPD responses reported in the literature, Thus, these RUE:VPD responses may be general and appear to be related to carbon exchange rates. We calculated the expected impacts of VPD on RUE at three USA locations during maize and sorghum growing seasons. The RUE:VPD equations offer hope in describing location effects and time-of-year effects on RUE. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Corpus Christi, TX USA. Kansas Agr Expt Stn, Garden City, NY USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Manila 1099, Philippines. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM kiniry@brcsun0.tamu.edu RI Wade, Len/A-8872-2008; Cavero, Jose/D-8350-2011; OI Cavero, Jose/0000-0003-2656-3242 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 56 IS 3 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00092-0 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZT415 UT WOS:000074083400004 ER PT J AU Sinha, R Rothman, N Salmon, CP Knize, MG Brown, ED Swanson, CA Rhodes, D Rossi, S Felton, JS Levander, OA AF Sinha, R Rothman, N Salmon, CP Knize, MG Brown, ED Swanson, CA Rhodes, D Rossi, S Felton, JS Levander, OA TI Heterocyclic amine content in beef cooked by different methods to varying degrees of doneness and gravy made from meat drippings SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterocyclic amines; beef; cooking method; MeIQx; PhIP; DiMeIQx ID COLON-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; FOOD MUTAGENS; PAN RESIDUES; DIETARY-FAT; FRIED MEAT; RISK; PRODUCTS; CARCINOGEN; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE AB Meats cooked at high temperatures sometimes contain heterocyclic amines (HCAs) that are known mutagens and animal carcinogens, but their carcinogenic potential in humans has not been established. To investigate the association between HCAs and cancer, sources of exposure to these compounds need to be determined. Beef is the most frequently consumed meat in the United States and for this study we determined HCA values in beef samples cooked in ways to represent US cooking practices, the results of which can be used in epidemiological studies to estimate HCA exposure from dietary questionnaires. We measured five HCAs [2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-[4,5-b]pyridine (Ph1P)] in different types of cooked beef using solid-phase extraction and HPLC. Steak and hamburger patties were pan-fried, oven-broiled, and grilled/barbecued to four levels of doneness (rare, medium, well done or very well done), while beef roasts were oven cooked to three levels of doneness (rare, medium or well done). The measured values of the specific HCAs varied with the cut of beef, cooking method, and doneness level. In general, MeIQx content increased with doneness under each cooking condition for steak and hamburger patties, up to 8.2 ng/g. PhIP was the predominant HCA produced in steak (1.9 to 30 ng/g), but was formed only in very well done fried or grilled hamburger. DiMeIQx was found in trace levels in pan-fried steaks only, while IQ and MeIQ were not detectable in any of the samples. Roast beef did not contain any of the HCAs, but the gravy made from the drippings from well done roasts had 2 ng/g of PhIP and 7 ng/g of MeIQx. Epidemiological studies need to consider the type of meat, cooking method and degree of doneness/surface browning in survey questions to adequately assess an individual's exposure to HCAs. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Early Detect Branch, DCPC, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RP Sinha, R (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Execut Plaza N,Rm 430,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 FU NCI NIH HHS [YO1CP2-0523-01, CA55861] NR 29 TC 199 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00162-2 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA ZT097 UT WOS:000074048100002 PM 9651044 ER PT J AU Sinha, R Knize, MG Salmon, CP Brown, ED Rhodes, D Felton, JS Levander, OA Rothman, N AF Sinha, R Knize, MG Salmon, CP Brown, ED Rhodes, D Felton, JS Levander, OA Rothman, N TI Heterocyclic amine content of pork products cooked by different methods and to varying degrees of doneness SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterocyclic amines; pork; pan-fry; oven-broil; grill; barbecue; microwave; MeIQx; DiMeIQx; PhIP; IQ; MeIQ; meat; hot dog; sausage; pork chop; ham steak ID FRIED MEAT; URINARY-EXCRETION; AROMATIC-AMINES; FOOD MUTAGENS; PAN RESIDUES; CANCER; CARCINOGEN; RISK; FAT; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE AB Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are known mutagens and animal carcinogens produced in meats cooked at high temperature. As pork is the second most frequently consumed meat in the United States, five predominant HCAs [2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)] were measured in various pork products, cooked by different techniques and to varying doneness levels. Pork chops and ham slices were pan-fried and oven-broiled; bacon was pan-fried, oven-broiled or microwaved: hot dogs were pan-fried, oven-broiled, grilled/barbecued or boiled; sausage links and patties were pan-fried. All the products were cooked to three levels of doneness: just until done, well done or very well done. HCA type and level varied substantially by pork product, cooking method and doneness level. The highest PhIP levels were found in well done and very well done oven-broiled bacon; for very well done 30.3 and 4.0 ng per gram of meat of PhIP and MeIQx, respectively. Pan-fried very well done sausage patties contained 5.4 ng of MeIQx per gram of meat, while sausage links contained 1.3 ng per gram of meat. MeIQx was formed in well done and very well done pan-fried but not broiled pork chops. Hot dogs or ham slices had low or undetectable levers of HCAs. These results demonstrate that epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between HCA intake and cancer risk need to incorporate type of meat, cooking method and degree of doneness/surface browning into questions to assess adequately an individual's HCA exposure. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USDA ARS, Nutrients Requirements & Funct Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sinha, R (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Execut Plaza N,Rm 430,6130 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861, YO1CP2-0523-01] NR 30 TC 149 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00159-2 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA ZT097 UT WOS:000074048100003 PM 9651045 ER PT J AU Helmer, WA Stokke, DD AF Helmer, WA Stokke, DD TI A case study of fluidized-bed combustion of wood/coal mixtures. Part B. The effect of wood moisture content SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A bubbling fluidized-bed combustor was used to cofire wood and coal fuels. Wood percentages in the fuel mixture were varied from 0 to 100 percent as the effect of two different wood moisture contents (8.3 and 50% on a dry weight basis) was studied on the emissions of sulfur and nitrogen. The variation in wood moisture content did not appear to be a factor in any reduction in the SO2 emissions for wood/coal cofiring. Increased wood moisture only slightly diminished the emissions of oxides of nitrogen. Combustion results were similar to previous cofiring results with dry planer shavings. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Helmer, WA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1998 VL 48 IS 4 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZJ211 UT WOS:000073190600011 ER PT J AU Kwon, JH Geimer, RL AF Kwon, JH Geimer, RL TI Impact of steam pressing variables on the dimensional stabilization of flakeboard SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to determine if an unsealed steam-injection system affects flakeboard dimensional stability. Two steam pressures (690 and 1370 kPa) and two steam times (10 and 30 sec.) were investigated. Core temperatures in isocyanate-bonded, steam-injected pressed flakeboards were well above those recorded in conventionally pressed boards. Closing board pressures were considerably less than needed for conventionally pressed boards. Thickness swell of the steam-injected pressed flakeboard, following exposure to either relative humidity conditioning or a vacuum pressure soak treatment, was less than experienced in a conventional pressed board. Thickness swell, as well as linear expansion properties, improved as steam pressure and steam exposure time increased. The increase in board thickness during a 24-hour soak was similar in all specimens. Rapid moisture movement in the steam-injected press (SLP) boards is attributed to a reduction in the vertical density gradient and increased permeability as a result of the steam treatment. An analysis of variance test based on the board-to-board variance indicated no statistical difference in bending properties. Differences in shear properties are attributed in part to changes in the vertical density gradient. C1 Kangweon Natl Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Wood Sci & Technol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Kwon, JH (reprint author), Kangweon Natl Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Wood Sci & Technol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1998 VL 48 IS 4 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZJ211 UT WOS:000073190600012 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Coretti, A Eckelman, CA Wolfe, RW AF Ramirez-Coretti, A Eckelman, CA Wolfe, RW TI Inorganic-bonded composite wood panel systems for low-cost housing: A Central American perspective SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXCELSIOR AB The Central American region of the world has an acute housing shortage. Given the practical financial constraints that exist in this area, the solution to this ever-expanding housing problem lies in the development of low-cost building materials that are able to satisfy the many production, construction, economic, cultural, safety, and health requirements imposed by the natural barriers, lack of infrastructure, and lack of community services in this region. Composite wood-cement panels made from a mix of wood strands, chips or fibers, and cement appear to have the potential to satisfy these requirements. Specifically, they lend themselves to modular construction, satisfy the cultural preference for cement-based materials in the tropics, satisfy health and safety needs, provide resistance to attack by decay and fungi, and provide protection against combustion. To provide essential background information concerning the use of these materials, a preliminary study was conducted to assess some of the technical requirements for a wider use of inorganic-bonded composite wood panel systems in the Central American area. This article provides a general description of the Central American area and of its housing needs. Some experiences with the use of cement-bonded wood composites are described, along with material strength requirements, house design, and other considerations relative to the potential use of these materials to solve the endemic housing problem of this region of the world. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ramirez-Coretti, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1998 VL 48 IS 4 BP 62 EP 68 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZJ211 UT WOS:000073190600013 ER PT J AU Beckman, TG AF Beckman, TG TI Outcrossing in a diverse peach rootstock seed block SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Over a 3 year period incidence of evident outcrosses (heterozygous redleaf) was recorded in open-pollinated seedlots of 'Nemared' and 'Rutgers Redleaf' collected in a rootstock repository. Since this block is made up predominantly of green-leaf cultivars this technique should detect most outcrossing events. Outcrossing averaged 6 percent. However, rootstock cultivar had a highly significant effect on the number of outcrossing events; in 'Nemared' such events occurred on average at more than three times the rate observed in 'Rutgers Redleaf.' In the absence of sufficient isolation to prevent undesirable outcrossing, rootstock cultivars need to have some readily identifiable 'marker' to reveal outcrosses so that they may be discarded. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD APR PY 1998 VL 52 IS 2 BP 100 EP 103 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZG622 UT WOS:000073003300008 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, BG Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, BG Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Alteration of different domains in AFLR affects aflatoxin pathway metabolism in Aspergillus parasiticus transformants SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; AFLR; GAL4-type DNA-binding protein; transcription; Aspergillus parasiticus; fungal transformation; gene regulation; site-directed mutagenesis; oligonucleotides; PCR ID GENE-CLUSTER; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; BINDING PROTEIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; NIDULANS; FLAVUS; DNA; CLONING; GAL4; IDENTIFICATION AB AFLR, a zinc binuclear cluster DNA-binding protein, is required for activation of genes comprising the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in Aspergillus spp. Transformation of Aspergillus parasiticus with plasmids containing the intact aflR gene gave clones that produced fivefold more aflatoxin pathway metabolites than did the untransformed strain. When a 13-bp region in the aflR promoter (positions -102 to -115 with respect to the ATG) was deleted, including a portion of a palindromic site previously shown to bind recombinant AFLR, metabolite production was 40% that of transformants with intact aflR. This result provides further evidence that this site may be involved in the autoregulation of aflR, Overexpression of pathway genes could also result from increased quantities of AFLR titrating out a putative repressor protein. In AFLR, a 20-amino-acid acidic region near its carboxy-terminus resembles the region in yeast GAL4 required for GAL80 repressor binding. When 3 of the acidic amino acids in this region were deleted, levels of metabolites were even higher than those produced by transformants with intact aflR, as would be expected if repressor binding was suppressed in transformants containing this altered protein. Transformation with plasmids mutated at the AFLR zinc cluster (Cys to Trp at amino acid position 49) or at a putative nuclear localization signal region (RRARK deleted) gave clones with one-fifth the metabolite production of the untransformed fungus in spite of the transformants making the same or more aflR mRNA. Since these transformants retained a copy of intact aflR, the latter results can be explained best by assuming that AFLR activates genes involved in aflatoxin production as a dimeric protein and that heterodimers containing both mutant and intact AFLR strands are inactive. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM Ehrlich@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1006/fgbi.1998.1045 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 171ZC UT WOS:000078894000008 PM 9680958 ER PT J AU Sokolov, VA Kindiger, B Khatypova, IV AF Sokolov, VA Kindiger, B Khatypova, IV TI Investigation of apomictic maize-Tripsacum hybrids SO GENETIKA LA Russian DT Article ID POLYMORPHISMS; APOMIXIS AB Cytogenetic, biochemical, and molecular (at the DNA level) investigation of 38-chromosomal maize-Tripsacum hybrids, which were continuously reproduced by apomixis for more than 20 generations, as conducted. The hybrids contained 20 maize and 18 Tripsacum chromosomes. Meiotic or other events resulting in polymorphism of PCR spectra were shown to occur with low frequencies. The results were explained with the knowledge that the genes of apomictic development are unique. These genes are contributed by the male parent and are consistently expressed in alien cytoplasm in the presence of two maize genomes. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol & Genet, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Stillwater, OK 73801 USA. RP Sokolov, VA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol & Genet, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0016-6758 J9 GENETIKA+ JI Genetika PD APR PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 492 EP 498 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 120TY UT WOS:000075974500007 ER PT J AU Sokolov, VA Kindiger, B Khatypova, IV AF Sokolov, VA Kindiger, B Khatypova, IV TI Apomictically reproducing 39-chromosome maize-Tripsacum hybrids SO GENETIKA LA Russian DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS; POLYMORPHISMS; DACTYLOIDES AB Creation of 39-chromosome hybrids of maize with Tripsacum (30Mz + 9Tr) continuously reproducing by apomixis Is reported. The studied lines were discovered in the progeny of 56-chromosome F-1 hybrid (20Mz + 36Tr) and had different origins. Cytogenetic analysis and the absence of molecular (at the DNA level) and isozyme polymorphism in the progeny of 39-chromosome hybrids confirmed stability of apomictic reproduction. Based on karyological data and analysis of PCR products, the conclusion was drawn that, despite the different origins of occurrence, both studied hybrids have identical sets of 9 Tripsacum chromosomes. The results are discussed with regard to Tripsacum genome structure, perspectives in utilizing the obtained lines to localize and map apomixis-determining genes, and the creation of hybrid corn with fixed heterosis. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol & Genet, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Stillwater, OK 73801 USA. RP Sokolov, VA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol & Genet, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0016-6758 J9 GENETIKA+ JI Genetika PD APR PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 499 EP 506 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 120TY UT WOS:000075974500008 ER PT J AU Wechter, WP Dean, RA Thomas, CE AF Wechter, WP Dean, RA Thomas, CE TI Development of sequence-specific primers that amplify a 1.5-kb DNA marker for race 1 Fusarium wilt resistance in Cucumis melo L. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE marker-assisted selection; bulk segregant analysis; muskmelon; Fusarium oxysporum f sp. melonis; sequence characterized amplification regions; SCARS ID MR-1 AB Two 24-mer primers, MUSKFOM I and MUSKFOM II, were developed that amplify a 1.5-kb DNA fragment in race 1 Fusarium wilt resistant muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), but not in race 1 susceptible germplasm tested. Three race 1 resistant cultivars and two race 1 resistant breeding lines as well as eight race 1 susceptible lines were analyzed using the two sequence-specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction. These primers should prove valuable for nondestructive determination of Fom 2 gene introgression in breeding programs. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Wechter, WP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 291 EP 292 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL593 UT WOS:000073449900027 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Fery, RL AF Harrison, HF Fery, RL TI Response of leading bell pepper varieties to bentazon herbicide SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; herbicide resistance; weed control ID CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; TOLERANCE; INHERITANCE AB Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to assess the relative tolerance of leading bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties to the herbicide bentazon, In the greenhouse, nine bell pepper varieties varied in bentazon tolerance. One of the most tolerant varieties, 'King Arthur', was not severely injured, and its shoot mass was not reduced by 2.0 kg.ha(-1) bentazon. The shoot mass of one of the least tolerant bell varieties, 'Summer Sweet 860', was reduced by 1.0 kg.ha(-1) bentazon, The bentazon rates resulting in 50 percent reduction in shoot mass (MR50) or injury (I-50) estimated by logit-prohit analysis were 7.9 and 3.1 kg.ha(-1) for 'King Arthur' and 3.8 and 1.5 kg.ha(-1) for 'Whopper Improved', respectively. In a field study, F-1 'King Arthur', the tolerant control 'Santaka', and the F-2 progeny of 'King Arthur' were similar in bentazon tolerance, and there was no genetic segregation for tolerance in the F-2 population. Some modern bell pepper varieties appear to be sufficiently tolerant to allow bentazon use. Chemical name used: 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2 dioxide (bentazon). C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 318 EP 320 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL593 UT WOS:000073449900035 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Fery, RL Dukes, PD AF Thies, JA Fery, RL Dukes, PD TI Evaluation of okra accessions with reported resistance to root-knot nematodes for reaction to southern root-knot nematode SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Abelmoschus esculentus; host plant resistance; Meloidogyne incognita AB Forty-seven of the 53 plant introductions (PI) in the U.S. Plant Germplasm System okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] collection with reported resistance to root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood or unidentified Meloidogyne spp.] were evaluated in replicated greenhouse tests for reaction to the southern root-knot nematode (M. incognita). (Four of the 53 PI were unavailable and two accessions failed to germinate.) Preliminary evaluations identified a serious problem in evaluating this subset of okra germplasm for resistance to root-knot nematodes, The seed coats of most of the accessions were hard, and this trait delayed germination, which caused many of the seedlings to escape infection when the seeds were inoculated at planting with M. incognita eggs, A seed disinfection, scarification, and germination procedure was developed to ensure uniform seedling emergence. Except for two PI that failed to germinate, all available okra accessions with reported resistance were evaluated using these procedures. All tested accessions were susceptible to M. incognita race 3. Based on these results, we conclude that none of the accessions in the okra PI collection with reported resistance to root-knot nematodes is useful as M. incognita-resistant parental material in okra breeding programs. C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL593 UT WOS:000073449900036 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW Caniglia, EJ Thomas, CE AF Farnham, MW Caniglia, EJ Thomas, CE TI Efficient ploidy determination of anther-derived broccoli SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; Italica Group; DNA flow cytometry; cole crops; doubled-haploids; cauliflower; cabbage; brussels sprouts; anther culture ID CULTURE AB Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica Group) breeders routinely use anther or microspore culture to produce doubled-haploid (DH), homozygous lines. In addition to DH (diploid) regenerants, haploid, triploid, tetraploid, octaploid, and aneuploid regenerants may also result from anther culture. Thus, regenerated populations must be screened to identify the diploids, which are the only regenerants likely to set seed and serve as inbred lines. DNA flow cytometry is a useful procedure to determine ploidy of anther-derived regenerants. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of plant stage and sampling procedures on ploidy determination by flow cytometry, Anther-derived plants were analyzed at both seedling and mature plant stages. In separate tests, leaves were sampled on a given date, and stability of flow cytometry preparations were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after preparation. In addition, the stability of ploidy readings of excised leaves stored at 4 degrees C was examined over a 7-day period. In 139 out of 140 comparative assays there was no effect of plant stage on ploidy determination, Flow cytometry preparations stored at 4 degrees C gave consistent ploidy determinations up to 2 days after they were made, but some instability was observed by 4 and 7 days. Refrigerated leaves were more stable than nuclei preparations, and ploidy determinations did not differ from the first sampling through storage for 7 days. Results indicate that broccoli breeders could make flow cytometry preparations on site and send them offsite for flow cytometry analysis as long as analysis was completed within 1 or 2 days of sample preparation. More consistent results would be obtained by refrigerating leaves and sending them offsite for preparation and analysis at the offsite location. C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 323 EP 327 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL593 UT WOS:000073449900037 ER PT J AU Beninger, CW Hosfield, GL Nair, MG AF Beninger, CW Hosfield, GL Nair, MG TI Physical characteristics of dry beans in relation to seedcoat color genotype SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; flavonoids; plant breeding; linkage; allelic substitutions ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; WATER-UPTAKE; COAT COLOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; LOCUS AB Seedcoat color in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is associated with physical and chemical characteristics of the seed. Allelic substitutions at a single or several seedcoat color determining loci were found to influence several seed characteristics. Whole bean fresh and dry mass and the ratios of seedcoat mass to whole bean dry mass differed significantly among nine seedcoat color genotypes. Dry mass of seedcoat increased significantly as total bean dry mass increased. Genotypes VOO59 and VO400 had the largest masses of whole dry bean, lowest ratios of seedcoat to whole bean dry weight, and the lightest colored seedcoats of the nine genotypes, In general, compared to VOO59 and VO400, the smaller seeded and darkly colored genotypes had significantly higher ratios of seedcoat to whole bean dry masses. Differences among color genotypes for seed physical characteristics are useful to estimate the fresh mass of seed needed to effectively extract seedcoat flavonoid color compounds. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, Bioact Nat Plant Prod Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, Pesticide Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Nair, MG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 328 EP 329 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL593 UT WOS:000073449900038 ER PT J AU Griesbach, RJ Meyer, F AF Griesbach, RJ Meyer, F TI Three new cultivars of Ornithogalum: 'Chesapeake Blaze','Chesapeake Sunset', and 'Chesapeake Sunshine' SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Liliaceae; breeding; cultivar development; potted plant C1 USDA, ARS, Floral & Nursery Plan Res US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. New World Plants, Escondido, CA 92026 USA. RP Griesbach, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Floral & Nursery Plan Res US Natl Arboretum, BARC-W,Bldg 010-A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 345 EP 347 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL593 UT WOS:000073449900044 ER PT J AU Ramming, DW Tarailo, R AF Ramming, DW Tarailo, R TI 'Black emerald': An early-maturing, black seedless grape for the fresh market SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; grape breeding; table grape C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Ramming, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 353 EP 354 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL593 UT WOS:000073449900048 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Lawrence, FJ Strik, BC AF Finn, CE Lawrence, FJ Strik, BC TI 'Black Butte' trailing blackberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rubus; fruit breeding; fruit size; harvest season; yield C1 USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 355 EP 357 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL593 UT WOS:000073449900049 ER PT J AU Okie, WR AF Okie, WR TI James M. Thompson SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 366 EP 366 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZL593 UT WOS:000073449900053 ER PT J AU Maxwell, RJ Cohen, E AF Maxwell, RJ Cohen, E TI Comparison of programmable versus single wavelength fluorescence for the detection of three fluoroquinolone antibacterials isolated from fortified chicken liver using coupled on line microdialysis and HPLC SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE fluoroquinolone; ASTED; HPLC fluorescence; sarafloxacin; flumequine; oxolinic acid; chicken liver ID ONLINE DIALYSIS AB A recently introduced programmable fluorescence detector was compared with a single wavelength fluorescence detector for quantification of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibacterial agents, which have widely varying spectral characteristics. The two detectors were connected in parallel to an HPLC system to test their performance characteristics. With single wavelength detection, two FQs, flumequine and oxolinic acid could be detected at an emission wavelength of 358 mn in a single chromatogram while a third FQ, sarafloxacin, was not observed at that wavelength. Similarly, when the detector was optimized for sarafloxacin emission at 440 nm, the other two compounds were undetected. In contrast, all three FQs were quantified at their individual maxima in a single run using the programmable fluorescence detection. The applicability of an HPLC - programmable fluorescence detector, in combination with on-line microdialysis, also was evaluated using chicken liver fortified at low ppb levels with the three FQs, After on-line microdialysis sample clean up, the resultant HPLC chromatograms were free of background interference enabling the programmable detector to optimize the quantitation of the three analytes in a single run. The limit of quantification (LOQ) determined for each FQ was 1.0 ppb and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 ppb, an order lower in magnitude than was obtainable with single wavelength detection. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. RP Maxwell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 21 IS 4 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZQ390 UT WOS:000073856400006 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Nelson, SO Bartley, PG AF Lawrence, KC Nelson, SO Bartley, PG TI Flow-through coaxial sample holder design for dielectric properties measurements from 1 to 350 MHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE coaxial line; dielectric properties; particulate material; permittivity measurement; signal how graph ID INDEPENDENT MOISTURE DETERMINATION; WHEAT; GRAINS AB A system for measuring the dielectric properties of cereal grains from 1 to 350 MHz with a coaxial sample holder is presented. A signal-flow graph model was used to determine the permittivity of several polar alcohols from the full two-port S-parameter measurements. At the lowest frequencies 1-25 MHz where the phase measurements are less accurate, a lumped-parameter model was used to predict the dielectric loss factor values. The system was calibrated with measurements on air and decanol and verified with measurements on octanol, hexanol, and pentanol, The standard error for the polar alcohols used for verification was 2.3% for the dielectric constant and 7.6% for the dielectric loss factor. Although measurements were taken on static samples, the sample holder is designed to accommodate flowing grain. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1998 VL 47 IS 2 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1109/19.744174 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 166CC UT WOS:000078557800003 ER PT J AU Pharr, GT Dodgson, JB Hunt, HD Bacon, LD AF Pharr, GT Dodgson, JB Hunt, HD Bacon, LD TI Class II MHC cDNAs in 15I(5) B-congenic chickens SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE class II; MHC; B-congenic chickens; nucleotide sequences; cDNAs ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; RFP-Y; NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER; GENES; RECOMBINATION; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES AB cDNA was obtained from the bursae of Fabricius of chickens from six B-congenic lines developed at this laboratory and studied for expression of class II B-LB genes. Following cDNA amplification, cloning and sequencing, genes were assigned to B-LB loci based on characteristic DNA sequences, amino acid relatedness to characterized genes, and level of expression. Genes from the B-LBI, B-LBII, and B-LBVI loci were differentially expressed in chickens with the B-2, B-5, B-13, B-15, or B-21 haplotypes. Chickens of all haplotypes expressed a B-LBII gene. Additional B-LB genes expressed included: B-LBI genes in the B-5 and B-19 haplotypes; a B-LBI/VI recombinant gene in the B-2 haplotype; and a B-LBVI gene in the B-13 haplotype. The B-congenic lines have demonstrable differences in resistance to Marek's disease (MD), and in responses to MD viral vaccines. This variability in disease resistance may be correlated with polymorphisms in the expressed B-LB genes, or with differential expression of genes at different loci. C1 ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bacon, LD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD APR PY 1998 VL 47 IS 5 BP 350 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s002510050369 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA ZJ065 UT WOS:000073176000002 PM 9510552 ER PT J AU Jayasankar, S Litz, RE Schnell, RJ Hernandez, AC AF Jayasankar, S Litz, RE Schnell, RJ Hernandez, AC TI Embryogenic mango cultures selected for resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides culture filtrate show variation in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE anthracnose; DNA markers; in vitro selection; Mangifera indica; somatic embryo ID GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; PLANTS; PCR AB Genomic DNA isolated from embryogenic cultures of two mango cultivars, 'Hindi' and 'Carabao,' that had been selected for resistance to the culture filtrate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was analyzed using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In vitro selection caused changes in RAPD markers in the selected embryogenic cultures with respect to the unchallenged control cultures and the stock plants. The differences involved both the absence and the presence of additional RAPD markers in the resistant lines, although the former was most commonly observed. The absence of differences between the unchallenged control of either cultivar and DNA from the leaves of parent trees confirmed that the changes were not due to prolonged maintenance in liquid cultures. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. CINVESTAV, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico. RP Jayasankar, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, CFREC, 5336 Univ Ave, Leesburg, FL 34748 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2 BP 112 EP 116 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA ZP469 UT WOS:000073756600006 ER PT J AU Haake, DA Martinich, C Summers, TA Shang, ES Pruetz, JD McCoy, AM Mazel, MK Bolin, CA AF Haake, DA Martinich, C Summers, TA Shang, ES Pruetz, JD McCoy, AM Mazel, MK Bolin, CA TI Characterization of leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein LipL36: Downregulation associated with late-log-phase growth and mammalian infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INTERROGANS SEROVAR HARDJO; FRACTURE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BOVIS INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB We report the cloning of the gene encoding a 36-kDa leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein, designated LipL36. We obtained the N-terminal amino acid sequence of a staphylococcal V8 proteolytic-digest fragment in order to design an oligonucleotide probe. A Lambda-Zap II library containing EcoRI fragments of Leptospira kirschneri DNA was screened, and a 2.3-kb DNA fragment which contained the entire structural lipL36 gene was identified. Several lines of evidence indicate that LipL36 is lipid modified in a manner similar to that of LipL41, a leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein we described in a previous study (E. S. Shang, T. A. Summers, and D. A. Haake, Infect. Immun, 64:2322-2330, 1996). The deduced amino acid sequence of LipL36 would constitute a 364-amino-acid polypeptide,vith a 20-amino-acid signal peptide, followed by an L-X-Y-C lipoprotein signal peptidase cleavage site. LipL36 is solubilized by Triton X-114 extraction of L. kirschneri; phase separation results in partitioning of LipL36 exclusively into the hydrophobic, detergent phase. LipL36 is intrinsically labeled during incubation of L. kirschneri in media containing [H-3]palmitate. Processing of LipL36 is inhibited by globomycin, a selective inhibitor of lipoprotein signal peptidase. After processing, LipL36 is exported to the outer membrane along with LipL41 and lipopolysaccharide. Unlike Lip41, there appears to be differential expression of LipL36. In early-log-phase cultures, LipL36 is one of the most abundant L. kirschneri proteins. However, LipL36 levels drop considerably beginning in mid-log phase. LipL36 expression in vivo was evaluated by examining the humoral immune response to leptospiral antigens in the hamster model of leptospirosis. Hamsters surviving challenge with culture-adapted virulent L. kirschneri generate a strong antibody response to LipL36. In contrast, sera from hamsters surviving challenge with host-adapted L. kirschneri do not recognize LipL36. These findings suggest that LipL36 expression is downregulated during mammalian infection, providing a marker for studying the mechanisms by which pathogenic Leptospira species adapt to the host environment. C1 W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Mol Genet & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Haake, DA (reprint author), W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 111F, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. RI Pruetz, Jill/A-7202-2009 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016042, CA16042]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI034431, R21 AI034431, R29 AI034431, T32 AI007323, 2-T32-AI07323-06, AI-34431] NR 54 TC 80 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 1998 VL 66 IS 4 BP 1579 EP 1587 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZD630 UT WOS:000072706100043 PM 9529084 ER PT J AU Kalluri, SNV Townshend, JRG Doraiswamy, P AF Kalluri, SNV Townshend, JRG Doraiswamy, P TI A simple single layer model to estimate transpiration from vegetation using multi-spectral and meteorological data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION MODELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SATELLITE DATA; AVHRR DATA; EVAPORATION; MOISTURE AB A methodology is developed here to model evapotranspiration (lambda E(c)) from the canopy layer over large areas by combining satellite and ground measurements of biophysical and meteorological variables. The model developed here follows the energy balance approach, where lambda E(c), is estimated as a residual when the net radiation (Rn), sensible heat flux (H) and ground Bur (G) are known. Multi-spectral measurements from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) were used along with routine meteorological measurements made on the ground to estimate components of the energy balance. The upwelling long wave radiation, and H from the canopy layer were modelled using the canopy temperature, obtained from a linear relation between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and surface temperature. This method separates flux measurements from the canopy and bare soil without the need for a complex two layer model. From theoretical analysis of canopy reflectance, leaf area, and canopy resistance, a model is developed to scale the transpiration estimates from the full canopy to give an area averaged estimate from the mean NDVI of the study area. The model was tested using data collected from the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE), and the results show that the modelled values of total surface evapotranspiration from the soil and canopy layers vary from the ground measurements by less than 9 per cent. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, LGRSS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kalluri, SNV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 1998 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1053 DI 10.1080/014311698215595 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ZK386 UT WOS:000073315500003 ER PT J AU Rippere, KE Tran, MT Yousten, AA Hilu, KH Klein, MG AF Rippere, KE Tran, MT Yousten, AA Hilu, KH Klein, MG TI Bacillus popilliae and Bacillus lentimorbus, bacteria causing milky disease in Japanese beetles and related scarab larvae SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus popilliae; Bacillus lentimorbus; insect pathogens; milky disease AB Bacillus popilliae and Bacillus lentimorbus. causative agents or milky disease Japanese beetle and related scarab larvae, have hitherto been differentiated based upon a small number of phenotypic characteristics, but they have not Bacillus popilliae and Bacillus lentimorbus, causative agents of milky disease in previously been examined at the molecular level. In this study 34 isolates of these bacteria were examined for DNA similarity and by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Two distinct but related similarity groups were identified: the first contained strains of B. popilliae and the second contained strains of B. lentimorbus, Two strains distinct from but related to B. popilliae may represent a subspecies. Some strains received as B. popilliae were found to be most closely related to a. lentimorbus and some received as B. lentimorbus were found to be most closely related to B. popilliae, RAPD analysis confirmed the DNA similarity results. Paraspore formation, previously believed to be a characteristic unique to B. popilliae. was found to occur among a sub-group of B. lentimorbus strains. Growth in media supplemented with 2% NaCl was found to be a somewhat less reliable characteristic in distinguishing the species than vancomycin resistance, the latter being present only in B. popilliae. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Microbiol Sect, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Hort Insects Res Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Yousten, AA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Microbiol Sect, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 48 BP 395 EP 402 PN 2 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZT073 UT WOS:000074045700008 ER PT J AU Helias, C Vazeille-Falcoz, M Le Goff, F Abalain-Colloc, ML Rodhain, F Carle, P Whitcomb, RF Williamson, DL Tully, JG Bove, JM Chastel, C AF Helias, C Vazeille-Falcoz, M Le Goff, F Abalain-Colloc, ML Rodhain, F Carle, P Whitcomb, RF Williamson, DL Tully, JG Bove, JM Chastel, C TI Spiroplasma turonicum sp. nov. from Haematopota horse flies (Diptera : Tabanidae) in France SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spiroplasma turonicum sp. nov.; Mollicutes; Diptera ID MOLLICUTES; ECOLOGY AB Strain Tab4c(T), a helical prokaryote that was isolated from the body of a Haematopota sp. fly collected in Champchevrier, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, was found to be a member of the class Mollicutes, The cells of strain Tab4c(T) were small, motile helices that were devoid of a cell wall. The organism passed through filters with mean pore diameters as small as 0.20 mm, Strain Tab4c(T) grew rapidly in liquid SP-4 medium at both 30 and 37 degrees C, The organism fermented glucose but did not hydrolyse arginine or urea, and did not require serum for growth. In preliminary electrophoretic analyses, the cell protein patterns of strain Tab4c(T) were distinct from those of 14 other spiroplasmas found in mosquitoes, deer flies and horse flies from Europe and the Far-East. In reciprocal metabolism inhibition and deformation serological tests, employing antigens and antisera representative of spiroplasma groups I-XXXIII (including all sub-groups), plus ungrouped strains BARC 1901 and BARC 2649, no serological relationship with Tab4c(T) was found. The G+C content of the DNA of strain Tab4c(T) was about 25+/-1 mol% and its genome size was 1.305 kbp. It is proposed that spiroplasma strain Tab4c(T) be assigned to group XVII (presently vacant) and that strain (ATCC 700271(T)) is the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma turonicum. C1 Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Sante Publ, F-29285 Brest, France. Inst Pasteur, Unite Syst Vectoriels, F-75724 Paris, France. INRA, Biol Cellulaire & Mol Lab, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NIAID, Frederick Canc Res Facil, Mycoplasma Sect, Mol Microbiol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Chastel, C (reprint author), Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Sante Publ, F-29285 Brest, France. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 48 BP 457 EP 461 PN 2 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZT073 UT WOS:000074045700015 PM 9731284 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Baizabal-Aguirre, VM de la Vara, LEG Michalke, W AF Lester, GE Baizabal-Aguirre, VM de la Vara, LEG Michalke, W TI Calcium-stimulated protein kinase activity of the hypodermal-mesocarp plasma membrane from preharvest-mature and postharvest muskmelon SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cucurbitaceae; Cucumis melo; calcium dependent protein kinase; H+-ATPase; fruit plasma membrane ID H+-ATPASE; CHEMICAL-CHANGES; APPLE FRUIT; FATTY-ACIDS; PHOSPHORYLATION; SENESCENCE; ROOTS; STORAGE; CALMODULIN; MATURATION AB Vanadate-sensitive H+-ATPase and calcium-dependent protein kinase (kinase) activities of hypodermal-mesocarp plasma membrane (PM) vesicles isolated from preharvest mature, harvested, and stored muskmelons (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.) decreased following harvest. Kinase activity is markedly stimulated by Ca2+ and is responsible for phosphorylation of many melon PM proteins. Specifically, a PM protein band at 97 kDa, immunodetected as HC-ATPase, appeared phosphorylated in mature fruits, but phosphorylation and the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel protein band were not detected in PM from harvested or stored fruit. Kinase peptide, immunodetected at 63 kDa, was present in all PM tissues, but kinase phosphorylation activity decreased with fruit harvest and storage. However, PM kinase activity in the presence of exogenous Ca2+ and histone III-S was greatly increased in harvested, and stored fruit, indicating both a stimulatory effect of Ca2+ and a lass of a suitable endogenous kinase substrate in postharvest melons. Washing PM vesicles with EGTA to remove Ca2+ and Ca2+ from Ca2+-binding proteins, e.g. calmodulin, or adding brain calmodulin affected kinase activity only in preharvest mature melon tissue. Our data indicate that the loss in kinase phosphorylation activity after harvest in melon PM is most likely due to the decrease in H+-ATPase peptide, a known kinase substrate, and that the decrease in H+-ATPase activity in postharvest fruit PM is most likely due to a loss in peptide content rather than its phosphorylation status by kinase. C1 ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Biotecnol & Bioquim, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 3650, Gto, Mexico. Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RI Gonzalez de la Vara, Luis/J-9119-2012 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1242 EP 1246 DI 10.1021/jf970772n PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZK354 UT WOS:000073312000005 ER PT J AU Buta, JG Moline, HE AF Buta, JG Moline, HE TI Methyl jasmonate extends shelf life and reduces microbial contamination of fresh-cut celery and peppers SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE celery; green; peppers; methyl jasmonate; microbial contamination ID CHILLING INJURY; ACID; PLANTS; LEAVES AB During a study of the ameliorative effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on chilling injury to vegetables, a decrease in the rate of deterioration of treated fresh-cut segments was noticed, along with an apparent decrease in microbial growth. This study showed that MJ vapor from a 10(-4) or 10(-5) mol source in a 1 L container retarded deterioration of celery sticks for 2 weeks at 10 degrees C. The number of bacterial colonies was reduced to 1/1000 of control after 1 week of storage. A MJ emulsion applied as a dip at 10(-4) or 10(-5) mol/L retarded deterioration of green pepper strips for 2 weeks at 10 degrees C. The number of bacterial colonies was reduced to 1/1000 of control also after 1 week of storage and, in particular, the appearance of son rot was retarded by the jasmonate treatment. Measurement of the amount of MJ vaporized during storage was done by use of a [H-3]jasmonate internal standard. Less than 1 x 10(-6) mol of MJ vapor was necessary to cause the biochemical changes in the stored vegetables resulting in prolonged storage life and decreased microbial growth. C1 ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Buta, JG (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1253 EP 1256 DI 10.1021/jf9707492 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZK354 UT WOS:000073312000007 ER PT J AU Krall, SM McFeeters, RF AF Krall, SM McFeeters, RF TI Pectin hydrolysis: Effect of temperature, degree of methylation, pH, and calcium on hydrolysis rates SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE plants; cell wall; pectic substances; degradation; Cucumis sativus ID CELL-WALL CONSTITUENTS; EGG-BOX MODEL; CUCUMBER TISSUE; ESTER CONTENT; TEXTURE; VEGETABLES; CATIONS; STORAGE AB The rate of acid hydrolysis of pectin at pH 3 decreased as the degree of pectin methylation (DM) increased. Acid hydrolysis rates for polypectate (<5% DM) declined as the pH was raised from 2 to 6. Pectin (35% and 70% DM) hydrolyzed more slowly than polypectate below pH 3.5, but degradation rates then increased because beta-elimination became the dominant reaction above pH 3.8. Temperature effects on the hydrolysis rates at pH 3 of pectin samples from different sources, as indicated by values for the entropy and enthalpy of activation for this reaction, were very different from the effect of temperature on cucumber tissue softening at the same pH. The results indicated that pectin hydrolysis is not the primary reaction responsible for nonenzymatic plant tissue softening at acid pH. Though calcium ions strongly inhibit plant tissue softening at acid pH, calcium ions did not inhibit acid hydrolysis of pectin. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 38 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1311 EP 1315 DI 10.1021/jf970473y PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZK354 UT WOS:000073312000017 ER PT J AU Moats, WA Romanowski, RD AF Moats, WA Romanowski, RD TI Determination of penicillin G in beef and pork tissues using an automated LC cleanup SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE penicillin G; determination; high-performance liquid chromatography; tissue; beef; port; liner; kidney; muscle ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ANIMAL-TISSUES; ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES; ASSAY; MILK; CLOXACILLIN; MUSCLE AB A procedure previously described for determination of beta-lactam antibiotics in milk was modified for use with tissues. Tissues were extracted directly with acetonitrile (procedure I) to avoid degradation of penicillin G in water homogenates. Recovery of penicillin G in acetonitrile extracts of tissues was improved by addition of tetraethylammonium chloride and, in some cases, pH adjustment. The acetonitrile extracts were concentrated by evaporation and filtered. For cleanup, an automated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation was used. The fraction corresponding to penicillin G was tested by a rapid screening test and, if positive, was analyzed by HPLC. For analysis, an Inertsil ODS-2 column was used with a mobile phase of 0.0067 M KH2PO4, 0.0033 M H3PO4-acetonitrile (68 + 32) with UV detection at 215 nm. For confirmation by treatment with beta-lactamase, tissues were homogenized in water. An aliquot of the water homogenate was treated with beta-lactamase prior to extraction with acetonitrile and tetraethylammonium chloride (procedure II). Recoveries were 66-95% in the 0.1-1.0 ppm range, depending on the tissue, with a detection limit of about 5 ng/g. C1 ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Moats, WA (reprint author), ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1410 EP 1413 DI 10.1021/jf970765z PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZK354 UT WOS:000073312000034 ER PT J AU Breiter, WA Baker, JM Koskinen, WC AF Breiter, WA Baker, JM Koskinen, WC TI Direct measurement of Henry's constant for S-ethyl N,N-di-n-propylthiocarbamate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE EPTC; Henry's law constant; volatilization; soil solution ID LAW CONSTANTS; AIR-WATER; PESTICIDES AB Many pesticides are susceptible to volatilization, which may result in decreased pest control and off-site deposition that may cause adverse environmental impacts. Prediction of such losses requires knowledge of pesticide partition coefficients, including Henry's constant (H-c); however accurate data are lacking. In this experiment, the batch air stripping technique was used to determine H-c for EPTC (S-ethyl N,N-di-n-propylthiocarbamate). At 25 degrees C, measured H-c in pure water was 0.0107, 11 times greater than indirectly estimated values reported in the literature. The measured heat of volatilization for EPTC, used to describe the temperature dependence of H-c, was 37.12 kJ mol(-1). H-c measured with soil extract was 7 times greater than that measured in pure water, presumably due to effects of dissolved salts and organic acids. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Breiter, WA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1624 EP 1629 DI 10.1021/jf980042v PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZK354 UT WOS:000073312000074 ER PT J AU Torrents, A Anderson, BG Hapeman, CJ AF Torrents, A Anderson, BG Hapeman, CJ TI Kinetics of bromacil ozonolysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bromacil; ozonolysis; ozonation; kinetics; wastewater treatment; modeling ID BROMIDE-CONTAINING WATERS; WASTE-WATER; OZONE; OZONATION; BIODEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; BIOTREATMENT; WASTEWATERS AB Chemical oxidation processes have been used successfully in the degradation of organic pollutants, yet information is limited concerning the kinetic descriptions of the reaction mechanisms. In this study, the kinetics of bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil, a herbicide) ozonolysis was examined. From laboratory observations, a mechanism was proposed by which direct ozone attack occurred and the degradation pathway proceeded via two parallel reactions. The program MLAB was used to provide a numerical solution for the system of differential equations that described the mechanism. Rate parameters were determined using the slowest reaction system (H2O2/O-3). The kinetic model was then tested on a system with only bromacil and on a system containing a radical scavenger. This mathematical model is reasonably consistent with the experimental observations that the addition of hydrogen peroxide significantly reduces the formation of the byproduct responsible for the residual phytotoxicity of the waste stream. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Nat Resources, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1630 EP 1636 DI 10.1021/jf970651n PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZK354 UT WOS:000073312000075 ER EF