FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Archibald, DD Kays, SE Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE AF Archibald, DD Kays, SE Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE TI Raman and NIR spectroscopic methods for determination of total dietary fiber in cereal foods: A comparative study SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman; FT-Raman; NIR; reflectance; total dietary fiber; cereal; food; Savitzky-Golay derivatives; gap-difference derivatives; PLS; regression ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIATION AB Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was used to generate three Raman and three near-infrared reflectance (NIRR) models for the spectroscopic determination of total dietary fiber (TDF) of a wide variety of cereal foods. To allow comparison of the spectral techniques, both analyses used the same sets of samples (n(cal) = 63, n(val) = 63). Six models were optimized by full leave-one-out cross-validation (CV), including a smoothed, a first-, and a second-derivative model for each spectral technique. Both kinds of raw spectral data required correction of interfering baseline and amplitude variations. Derivative preprocessing generally reduced the number of latent variables (LVs) for both spectral types and significantly reduced the CV error of the Raman models. The derivative treatments enhanced the influence of select vibrational-bandwidth-sized features in the Raman data (64-84 cm(-1)). The Savitzky-Golay derivative calculation method was better for the NIRR data, while the gap-difference method was better for the Raman data, which had a higher level of baseline noise. Raman models required 6 to 9 latent variables while NIRR models required 10 to 14 LVs. The root-mean-squared CV model errors were 2-2.3% TDF for all six models, and the three Raman models had root-mean-squared prediction errors (RMSEPs) in the range 2.8-3.2% TDF, with the best model being generated from second-derivative data. First-derivative data provided the best NIRR model, and for all three NIRR models the RMSEP spanned 2.4-2.9%. For some types of samples, it is suggested that the Raman method is Limited by its sampling technique and could be improved with more densely packed, larger-area specimens. The regression vectors of the Raman models seem more easily interpretable than NIRR models. Either spectral method appears capable of acheiving an acceptable level of error; TDF reference method precision was 0.68% TDF, while the product label information had an error of 2.8% TDF relative to the reference. C1 ARS, Qaul Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athena, GA 30604 USA. RP Archibald, DD (reprint author), ARS, Qaul Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athena, GA 30604 USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1366/0003702981942591 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA ZF980 UT WOS:000072952500026 ER PT J AU Archibald, DD Kays, SE Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE AF Archibald, DD Kays, SE Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE TI Raman and NIR spectroscopic methods for determination of total dietary fiber in cereal foods: Utilizing model differences SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman; FT-Raman; NIR; reflectance; total dietary fiber; cereal; food; Savitzky-Golay derivatives; gap-difference derivatives; PLS; regression; t(2)-statistic; leverage; Mahalanobis distance; spectral residual; outlier AB This work evaluates the complementarity in the predictive ability of three Raman and three near-infrared reflectance (NIRR) partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models for total dietary fiber (TDF) determinations of a diverse set of ground cereal food products. For each spectral type (R or N), models had previously been developed from smoothed (D0), first-derivative (D1), or second-derivative (D2) spectral data. The NIRR and Raman models tend to have very different sets of outliers and uncorrelated errors in TDF determination. For a single spectral type, the prediction errors of various preprocessing methods are partially complementary. The samples are very diverse in terms of composition, but the main problem groups were narrowed to high-fat, high-bran, and high-germ samples, as wed as and those containing synthetic fiber additives. Raman models perform better on the high-fat samples, while NIRR models perform better with high-bran and high-synthetic samples. Raman models were better able to accommodate a wheat germ sample, even though this sample type was poorly represented by the calibration set. Two methods are presented for utilizing the complementarity of the spectral and processing techniques: one involves simple averaging of predictions and the other involves avoidance of outliers by using statistics generated from the sample spectrum to choose the best model(s) for determination of the TDF value. The single best model (N-D1) has a root-mean-squared prediction error of 2.4% TDF. The best model of prediction averages yields an error of 1.9% (combining N-D0, N-D1, N-D2, R-D0, and R-D1). An error of 1.9% was also obtained by choosing a single prediction from the six models by using statistics to avoid outliers. With the selection of the best three models and averaging their predictions, an error of 1.5% was achieved. C1 ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Archibald, DD (reprint author), ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1366/0003702981942609 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA ZF980 UT WOS:000072952500027 ER PT J AU Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Davis, TA Stoll, B AF Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Davis, TA Stoll, B TI Amino acid metabolism and the energetics of growth SO ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION-ARCHIV FUR TIERERNAHRUNG LA English DT Article DE growth; energy balance; amino acid metabolism; glutamic acid; nonessential amino acids; protein turnover ID PROTEIN-TURNOVER; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; GROWING-PIGS; SMALL-INTESTINE; ENERGY-COST; GLUTAMINE; LEUCINE; KINETICS AB The nonessential amino acids are involved in a large number of functions that are not directly associated with protein synthesis. Recent studies using a combination of transorgan balance and stable isotopic tracers have demonstrated that a substantial portion of the extra-splanchnic Bur of glutamate, glutamine, glycine and cysteine derives from tissue synthesis. A key amino acid in this respect is glutamic acid. Little glutamic acid of dietary origin escapes metabolism in the small intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, because glutamic acid is the only amino acid that can be synthesized by mammals by reductive amination of a ketoacid, it is the ultimate nitrogen donor for the synthesis of other nonessential amino acids. Because the synthesis of glutamic acid and its product glutamine involve the expenditure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), it seems possible that nonessential amino acid synthesis might have a significant bearing on the energetics of protein synthesis and, hence, of protein deposition. This paper discusses the topic of the energy cost of protein deposition, considers the metabolic physiology of amino acid oxidation and nonessential amino acid synthesis, and attempts to combine the information to speculate on the overall impact of amino acid metabolism on the energy exchanges of animals. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Reeds, PJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St,Rm 9064, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01 AR44474-01]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD33920-01] NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0003-942X J9 ARCH ANIM NUTR JI Arch. Anim. Nutr.-Arch. Tierernahr. PY 1998 VL 51 IS 2-3 BP 187 EP 197 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 256KQ UT WOS:000083724800009 PM 9672716 ER PT J AU Shirk, PD Perera, OP AF Shirk, PD Perera, OP TI 5 ' coding region of the follicular epithelium yolk polypeptide 2 cDNA in the moth, Plodia interpunctella, contains an extended coding region SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oocyte; ovary; reproduction; lipase; recombination ID EGG-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; INDIAN MEAL MOTH; BOMBYX-MORI; VITELLOGENIC FOLLICLES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE; SILKWORM; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; EMBRYOGENESIS AB The 5' region of YP2 cDNA, a follicular epithelium yolk protein subunit in the moth, Plodia interpunctella, shows that the polypeptide contains an extended internal coding region. Partial cDNA clones for YP2 were isolated from a pharate adult female ovarian cDNA expression library in Lambda Zap II by screening with antigen selected YP2 antiserum. The 5' sequence of the YP2 transcript was determined by 5' RACE PCR of ovarian mRNA using YP2 sequence-specific nested primers. The combined cDNA and 5' RACE sequencing showed the YP2 transcript to be 1971 bp in length up to the poly(A) tail with a single open reading frame for a predicted polypeptide of 616 amino acids. Northern analysis showed a single YP2 transcript to be present in ovarian RNA that was approximately 2 kb in length. The predicted amino acid sequence for YP2 from P. interpunctella is most closely related to egg specific protein (ESP) from Bombyx mori and the partial YP2 sequence from Galleria mellonella. YP2 from P. interpunctella also is similar to vertebrate lipases and contains a conserved lipid binding region. However, the 5' coding region of YP2 from P. interpunctella contains an in-frame insert of approximately 438 bp that had replaced an approximately 270-bp region as compared with ESP from B. mori and YP2 of G. mellonella. This suggests that the insert occurred by a recombinational event internal to the YP2 structural gene of P. interpunctella. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Shirk, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1998 VL 39 IS 3 BP 98 EP 108 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1998)39:3<98::AID-ARCH2>3.0.CO;2-K PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 151WR UT WOS:000077744100002 PM 9880901 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME Rosell, RC Brown, JK AF Salvucci, ME Rosell, RC Brown, JK TI Uptake and metabolism of leaf proteins by the silverleaf whitefly SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; Bemisia tabaci; whitefly; protein metabolism; insect nutrition; Hemiptera : Homoptera ID APHID ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; SUCROSE CONCENTRATION; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; AMINO-ACIDS; ALEYRODIDAE; LECTINS; TABACI; OVIPOSITION; POPULATIONS AB To determine if plant proteins can be ingested and metabolized by the silverleaf whitefly, whiteflies were fed artificial diets containing either S-35-labeled cotton leaf proteins or a fluorescently labeled recombinant leaf protein. Confocal microscopy showed that whiteflies contained fluorescence throughout their digestive tracts and in their honeydew after feeding on fluorescently labeled protein. On diets containing radiolabeled protein, S-35 was ingested and either excreted as amino acids or retained in the body in protein and free amino acids. The profiles of radiolabeled whitefly polypeptides were similar for whiteflies feeding on labeled protein and labeled amino acids. Thus, whiteflies can ingest plant proteins, degrade them to free amino acids, and either excrete the amino acids or use them for de novo protein synthesis. Uptake and metabolism of radiolabel occurred when whiteflies fed on S-35-labeled leaves, Honeydew from these insects contained a small amount of labeled protein, The label in honeydew protein was primarily associated with a 22.4 kDa polypeptide. This polypeptide co-migrated with a labeled whitefly polypeptide and its synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide. The identity and function of this protein are unknown. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM mesalvu@ix.netcom.com; rrosell@stthom.edu NR 37 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1998 VL 39 IS 4 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1998)39:4<155::AID-ARCH3>3.0.CO;2-# PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 153NA UT WOS:000077838100003 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ Kochansky, J Wagner, RM Woods, CW AF Loeb, MJ Kochansky, J Wagner, RM Woods, CW TI Structure-function analysis Lymantria testis ecdysiotropin: A search for the active core SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gypsy moth; neuropeptide; ecdysteroidogenesis; structure-function; analogs ID BLOWFLY CALLIPHORA-VOMITORIA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; BOMBYX-MORI; GYPSY-MOTH; NEUROPEPTIDES; HORMONE; PEPTIDE; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION AB A structure-function study was performed on the synthetic 21 residue neuropeptide, Lymantria testis ecdysiotropin (LTE), originally isolated from brains of Lymantria dispar pupae. The peptide induces ecdysteroid synthesis by testis sheaths of various lepidopteran species. LTE, as well as synthetic LTE 1-11, 11-21, and 11-15, stimulated synthesis in larval and pupal testes of Lymantria dispar at concentrations of 10(-9) to 10(15) M; LTE 16-21 was weakly active, and an elongated LEU-LTE was inhibitory to synthesis at all but extremely low concentrations (10(15)M). Since the sequence and polarity of residues in LTE 1-11, 11-15, and 11-21 are quite different, several parts of the molecule must activate receptors which initiate the cascade, resulting in ecdysiogenesis in Lepidopteran testes. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Insect Neurobiol & Hormone Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Zool, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Room 211,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mloeb@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1998)38:1<11::AID-ARCH2>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA ZL316 UT WOS:000073420400002 PM 9589601 ER PT J AU Oberlander, H Silhacek, DL Leach, CE AF Oberlander, H Silhacek, DL Leach, CE TI Interactions of ecdysteroid and juvenoid agonists in Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dibenzoyl hydrazine; fenoxycarb; methoprene; RH-5992; RH-2485; tebufenozide; methoxyfenozide ID NONSTEROIDAL ECDYSONE AGONIST; CELL-LINE; RH-5849; LEPIDOPTERA AB The influence of non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonists on Indian-meal moth larvae was assessed by rearing last instar larvae on diet treated with RH-5992 (tebufenozide) or RH-2485 (methoxyfenozide). Larvae were monitored for effects of the ecdysteroid agonists on weight, metamorphosis and mortality. Larvae treated with either of the ecdysteroid agonists at a concentration of 5 ppm or higher gained less weight and had greater mortality than did larvae reared on control diet. For example, the weights of control larvae increased approximately 400% by day 2, compared with only a 50% increase in weight when the larvae were treated with 25 ppm of RH-2485 or RH-5992. Similarly, mortality in control larvae was less than 10%, but was as much as 90-100% in larvae reared on diet treated with one of the ecdysteroid agonists. We also examined the effects of simultaneous treatment with a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic, either methoprene or fenoxycarb. The JH mimics prevented adult emergence, and the larvae continued to feed throughout the month-long observation period. However, larvae treated with a juvenile hormone mimic gained weight despite the presence of an ecdysteroid agonist in the diet. On diets treated with 0.1 ppm of RH-2485 or RH-5992, JH-treated larvae gained even more weight than did untreated controls. Interestingly, although the addition of a JH mimic to ecdysteroid-treated diet resulted in increased weight, it did not lead to reduced mortality. In fact, combinations of a JH mimic with 10 ppm RH 2485 or RH 5992 resulted in nearly 100% mortality compared with 40-70% mortality without the JH compounds. These results indicate that JH mimics overcome the inhibitory effects of ecdysteroid agonists on weight gain; however, they also resulted in increased mortality compared with moderate doses of ecdysteroid agonists alone. One specific action of these compounds at the cellular level was noted in that RH 5992 mimicked ecdysteroids by increasing uptake of C-14-GlcNAc in a Plodia interpunctella cell Line, while fenoxycarb was inhibitory. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Oberlander, H (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM hober-lander@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 EI 1520-6327 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1998)38:2<91::AID-ARCH5>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA ZR674 UT WOS:000074002400005 ER PT J AU Adams, TS Li, QJ AF Adams, TS Li, QJ TI Ecdysteroidostatin from the house fly, Musca domestica SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecdysteroid; oostatic hormone; egg development neurosecretory hormone; OEH; ovary ID CARDIACUM ALLATUM COMPLEX; VITELLOGENIN LEVELS; JUVENILE-HORMONE; OVARIAN MATURATION; OOSTATIC HORMONE; DIET; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; OOGENESIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; VITELLIN AB Ovaries from house flies maintained on sucrose secrete large amounts of ecdysteroid when they are cultured with ovarian ecdysteroidogenic hormone, OEH. However, ovarian ecdysteroid secretion is reduced by incubation with both OEH and the ovarian ecdysteroidostatin (OES), A partially purified OES fraction from a semi-preparative reverse phase HPLC C-18 column caused a 98% inhibition of ovarian ecdysteroid secretion in vitro at a concentration of 0.8 equivalents per mu l. Ovaries can be activated to produce ecdysteroid in vivo by feeding diet containing protein to flies maintained on sucrose. Ecdysteroid secretion was inhibited when the in vivo stimulated ovaries were cultured with OES, This suggests that OES does not interfere with the OEH activation mechanism, but blocks ovarian ecdysteroid synthesis or release, Furthermore, OES inhibition is reversible and ecdysteroid secretion resumes when OES is removed. Musca OES could explain the decrease in ecdysteroid levels found in flies after mid-vitellogenesis. Both adult male and female abdomens contain OES, but OES was not transferred to females during mating, Evidence is presented that OES is not a trypsin modulating oostatic factor, Arch, Insect Biochem, Physiol. 38:166-176, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Adams, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 166 EP 176 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1998)38:4<166::AID-ARCH2>3.0.CO;2-P PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 106JV UT WOS:000075126900002 PM 9704498 ER PT J AU Liu, MY Bull, DL Plapp, FW AF Liu, MY Bull, DL Plapp, FW TI Effects of exposure to cypermethrin on saxitoxin binding in susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant houseflies SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid resistance; kdr; knockdown resistance; sodium channel; saxitoxin ID SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; FLIES; INSECTICIDES; KDR; FLY AB Saxitoxin (STX) binding was measured in susceptible (SBO) and pyrethroid-resistant (KDR) female houseflies having only target site insensitivity as a resistance mechanism, In KDR flies, there was a quantitative decrease in STX binding capacity (Bmax) relative to SBO flies coupled with an increase in binding affinity (Kd), Treatment of SBO flies with sublethal doses of cypermethrin resulted in a large decrease in the number of STX binding sites and an increase in STX binding affinity, In KDR flies, identical treatments had the opposite effects, Treatment of both strains with higher doses of cypermethrin resulted in smaller decreases in Bmax values coupled with decreases in binding affinities, The results show that physiological changes in STX binding occur upon exposure to extremely low doses of cypermethrin. The data suggest that the hdr resistant gene may be expressed as changes in STX binding kinetics and that measurements of STX binding in pyrethroid-treated insects may be a useful approach for studying pyrethroid's mode of action and resistance, (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA,FOOD ANIM PROTECT LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Liu, MY (reprint author), NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,138 SHENG LI RD,TAINAN 70428,TAIWAN. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1998)37:1<73::AID-ARCH9>3.0.CO;2-W PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA YJ234 UT WOS:A1998YJ23400009 PM 9397515 ER PT J AU Lee, KY Valaitis, AP Denlinger, DL AF Lee, KY Valaitis, AP Denlinger, DL TI Activity of gut alkaline phosphatase, proteases and esterase in relation to diapause of pharate first instar larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diapause; pharate first instar; gypsy moth; KK-42; gut enzyme activity ID BOMBYX-MORI; VITELLIN DEGRADATION; MIDGUT EPITHELIUM; SILKWORM; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; KK-42; EGGS; TERMINATION; EXPRESSION AB Two distinctly different patterns of gut enzyme activity were noted in relation to diapause in pharate first instar larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, aminopeptidase and esterase activities were low at the initiation of diapause and through the period of chilling needed to terminate diapause. At the completion of a 150 day chilling period, activity of each of these enzymes quickly increased when the pharate larvae were transferred to 25 degrees C. By contrast, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased rapidly at the onset of diapause, remained elevated throughout diapause, increased again during postdiapause, and then dropped at the time of hatching, In addition, zymogram patterns of ALP activity differed qualitatively in relation to diapause: several bands were detectable during the pre-and postdiapause periods, but only one band, a band of high mobility, was visible during diapause. The ALP isozyme present in diapausing pharate larvae had a pH optimum of 10.6. Diapause in the gypsy moth can be averted by application of an imidazole derivative, KK-42, and pharate larvae treated with KK-42 showed elevated protease and esterase activity, low ALP activity, and expressed ALP isozymes with low mobility Thus the overall patterns of gut enzyme activity and the ALP zymogram in KK-42 treated individuals were similar to those observed in untreated individuals at the termination of diapause. Our results suggest a unique pattern of enzyme activity in the gut that is regulated by the diapause program. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Delaware, OH USA. RP Denlinger, DL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM denlinger.1@osu.edu NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 197 EP 205 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA YU979 UT WOS:000071776300002 ER PT J AU Satyanarayana, T Gowda, S Reddy, KL Mitchell, SE Dawson, WO Reddy, DVR AF Satyanarayana, T Gowda, S Reddy, KL Mitchell, SE Dawson, WO Reddy, DVR TI Peanut yellow spot virus is a member of a new serogroup of Tospovirus genus based on small (S) RNA sequence and organization SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BUD NECROSIS TOSPOVIRUS; WILT VIRUS; GENOME ORGANIZATION; SEGMENT; PROTEIN; BUNYAVIRUS; CHARACTER AB Peanut yellow spot virus (PYSV) represents a distinct tospovirus species based on serology and nucleic acid hybridization. The sequence of the S RNA was 2970 nucleotides with 22 nucleotide long inverted repeats (with three mismatches) at the termini. The coding was ambisense with a long open reading frame (ORF) in each strand. The 5'-large ORF (1440 nucleotides in the viral sense (v) strand) encoded a protein with a predicted size of 53.2 kDa that was identified as the nonstructural (NSs) protein based on 16-21% sequence identity and 42-48% sequence similarity with other tospoviruses. A 3' ORF (741 nucleotides) in the virus complementary (vc) sense encoded a 28.0 kDa protein that was identified as the nucleocapsid (N) gene based on immune-blot analysis of the in vitro expressed protein with PYSV polyclonal antiserum. The predicted N protein had 24-28% amino acid sequence identity and 44-51% sequence similarity with the members of other serogroups. In contrast to other tospoviruses, a third ORF (204 nucleotides) occurred in the vc strand, which could encode a protein with a predicted size of 7.5 kDa with two strong hydrophobic regions. The low degree of homology of N and NSs protein sequences with other serogroup members coupled with an additional ORF suggests that PYSV should be classified as a distinct species of the Tospovirus genus. This conclusion also is supported by the absence of serological cross reaction with other serogroups, and biological characteristics including thrips transmission, symptoms and host range. C1 Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Asia Ctr, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. Univ Georgia, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA USA. RP Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Asia Ctr, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 31 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 EI 1432-8798 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1998 VL 143 IS 2 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s007050050291 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZA587 UT WOS:000072379500011 PM 9541618 ER PT J AU Smith, TA Cheung, AK AF Smith, TA Cheung, AK TI Herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP-0 induces reactivation of pseudorabies virus from latently infected trigeminal ganglia explant cultures SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY PROTEIN-0; IN-VITRO; SWINE; GENE; VECTOR; STATE; PIGS AB Pseudorabies virus (PrV), like other alphaherpesviruses, is a neurotropic virus that can establish a latent infection in swine. Reactivation of PrV fi-om latency may occur spontaneously or after induction with corticosteroids. The mechanisms involved in the establishment of latency and reactivation are currently unknown. Here, we examined gene-specific reactivation of PrV by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate early protein, ICP-0. Primary neuronal cell cultures established from the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected swine were superinfected with, recombinant adenoviruses expressing ICP-0. Reactivation of PrV occurred in cultures that were superinfected with two different ICP-0-expressing adenovirus recombinants, but not in cultures that were either mock-infected, or superinfected with wild-type adenovirus, or recombinant adenoviruses not expressing ICP-0. Infectious PrV was detected between 4 and 7 days postinfection, regardless of the promoter driving expression of ICP-0. Results from these experiments show that HSV-1 ICP-0, a homologue of PrV EP0, can induce PrV reactivation from explanted trigeminal ganglia of latently infected swine. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virol Swine Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Smith, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virol Swine Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1998 VL 143 IS 3 BP 591 EP 599 DI 10.1007/s007050050315 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZE803 UT WOS:000072832500016 PM 9572559 ER PT J AU Yang, SX Kwang, J Laegreid, W AF Yang, SX Kwang, J Laegreid, W TI Comparative sequence analysis of open reading frames 2 to 7 of the modified live vaccine virus and other North American isolates of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; LELYSTAD-VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNITED-STATES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; EUROPEAN STRAINS; SINGLE AB To elucidate changes associated with the attenuated virulence in a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine (Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, St, Joseph, MO), derived from an American prototype ATCC virus VR-2332, nucleotide sequence of 3' genome covering open reading frames (ORFs) 2 to 7 coding regions from the vaccine virus was determined by RT-PCR with two overlapping fragments. Comparisons showed 98 base changes (94 substitutions, 3 deletions, and 1 addition) out of 3318 nucleotides between the vaccine virus and its parental virus. There were 15, 26, 17, 29, 9, and 6 base substitutions in ORFs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively, resulting in 5, 13, 8, 13, 2, and 3 amino acid (a.a.) substitutions in their deduced proteins, respectively. Most of these a.a. substitutions were also present in 17 known virulent/wild type PRRS virus isolates from North America. However, there were 1, 4, 1, and 1 unique a.a. substitutions in the vaccine virus ORFs 2, 3, 4, and 5 deduced proteins, respectively. These unique amino substitutions may be responsible for the attenuated virulence in the vaccine virus. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Yang, SX (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1998 VL 143 IS 3 BP 601 EP 612 DI 10.1007/s007050050316 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZE803 UT WOS:000072832500017 PM 9572560 ER PT J AU Nemchinov, L Hammond, J Hadidi, A AF Nemchinov, L Hammond, J Hadidi, A TI Nucleotide sequence of the putative replicase gene of the sour cherry strain of plum pox potyvirus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; RNA; PPV AB The complete nucleotide sequence of the NIb coding region of the sour cherry strain of plum pox potyvirus (PPV-SoC) has been determined. It consists of 1554 nucleotides and encodes a putative replicase protein of 518 amino acids. Sequence identity scores between NIb of PPV-SoC and other isolates of PPV are significantly low (c. 78%). Many of the nucleotide substitutions, however, are silent. PPV-SoC differs from isolates of PPV-D, PPV-M and PPV-El Amar at multiple amino acid positions that are conserved between the other isolates. The NIb sequence extends the PPV-SoC sequence presently available to 2781 nt from the 3' end (similar to 28% of the genome). C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nemchinov, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Fruit Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 106, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1998 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2247 EP 2252 DI 10.1007/s007050050456 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 140YV UT WOS:000077116600013 PM 9856106 ER PT J AU House, JA AF House, JA TI Future international management of African horse sickness vaccines SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on African Horse Sickness (AHS) CY APR, 1997 CL RABAT, MOROCCO SP European Commission (EC), Off Int Epizootics, Govt Morocco, DAKO Ltd ID TICK-BORNE ORBIVIRUSES; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; NEUROVIRULENCE; ANTIBODIES; SEROTYPE; PROTEIN AB Three types of African horse sickness (AHS) vaccine, namely adult mouse brain, modified live vaccine and inactivated viral vaccine (IVV) are reviewed. The results of efficacy trials carried out with each vaccine type highlight the advantages of the IVV. Vaccination with African horse sickness virus serotype 4 IVV, given as 2 separate doses, provided full protection against subsequent, homologous challenge. The absence of any detectable viraemia after challenge would also prevent infection of insect vectors. The advantages of establishing international vaccine banks for AHS are discussed. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab,Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP House, JA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab,Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1998 SU 14 BP 297 EP 304 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 124PR UT WOS:000076191300026 PM 9785514 ER PT J AU Zientara, S Sailleau, C Moulay, S Cruciere, C El-Harrak, M Laegreid, WW Hamblin, C AF Zientara, S Sailleau, C Moulay, S Cruciere, C El-Harrak, M Laegreid, WW Hamblin, C TI Use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and dot-blot hybridisation for the detection and identification of African horse sickness virus nucleic acids SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on African Horse Sickness (AHS) CY APR, 1997 CL RABAT, MOROCCO SP European Commission (EC), Off Int Epizootics, Govt Morocco, DAKO Ltd ID 3 DIFFERENT ORBIVIRUSES; HORSESICKNESS VIRUS; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; ONE-TUBE; SEROTYPE-4; DIAGNOSIS; VP7; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODIES AB A coupled reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) for the detection of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) dsRNA, has been developed using genome segment 7 as the target template for primers. RNA from isolates of all nine AHSV serotypes were readily detected. The potential inhibitory effects of either ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) or heparin on the RT-PCR were eliminated by washing blood samples before lysis of the red blood cells and storage. There was a close agreement in the sensitivity and the specificity of the RT-PCR and an indirect sandwich ELISA. Confirmation of the presence of AHSV using RT-PCR and dot-blot hybridization on blood samples collected from horses experimentally infected with AHSV serotype 4 (AHSV 4) and AHSV serotype 9 (AHSV 9), was achieved within 24 hours, compared to the period of several days required for virus isolation. The RT-PCR and virus isolation methods showed similar levels of sensitivity when used for the detection of AHSV in 3 horses infected with AHSV 4, and in 2 out of 3 horses infected with a less virulent isolate of AHSV 9. Although viraemia was detected in the third horse by virus isolation, from 6 to 14 days after infection, this animal remained consistently negative by RT-PCR. Conversely, AHSV viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR in the blood of 4 donkeys and 4 mules up to 55 days after their experimental infection despite the absence of any detectable infectious virus. RT-PCR is a sensitive and rapid method for detecting AHSV nucleic acids during either the incubation period at the start of an African horse sickness (AHS) epizootic, or for epidemiological investigations in species where clinical signs may be inapparent. C1 Ctr Natl Etudes Vet & Alimentaires, Lab Cent Rech Vet, F-94703 Maisons Alfort, France. Lab Biopharma, Rabat, Morocco. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. AFRC, Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. RP Zientara, S (reprint author), Ctr Natl Etudes Vet & Alimentaires, Lab Cent Rech Vet, 22 Rue Pierre Curie,Boite Postale 67, F-94703 Maisons Alfort, France. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1998 SU 14 BP 317 EP 327 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 124PR UT WOS:000076191300029 ER PT B AU Gove, JH AF Gove, JH BE Bachmann, P Kohl, M Paivinen, R TI Optimizing the management of uneven-aged spruce-fir stands while preserving structural diversity SO ASSESSMENT OF BIODIVERSITY FOR IMPROVED FOREST PLANNING SE FORESTRY SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Assessment of Biodiversity for Improved Planning CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTE VERITA, SWITZERLAND SP European Forest Inst, Joensuu, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Birmensdorf C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4872-9 J9 FOR SCI PY 1998 VL 51 IS 18 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BL25C UT WOS:000074895600012 ER PT B AU Temple, DM Hanson, GJ AF Temple, DM Hanson, GJ GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI Overtopping of grassed embankments SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials AB A large number of aging earth flood control reservoirs have spillways which are not adequate to pass the probable maximum flood or the percentage thereof that is required by current design criteria. Many of these structures are located in areas that make them capable of supporting a good quality grass cover on the downstream face. Experience suggests that these structures could withstand some overtopping without breach. For low hazard structures located in rural areas, optimizing this ability to withstand overtopping may be a suitable alternative to upgrading the auxiliary spillway. In an effort to quantify the resistance of these grass-covered embankments to breach, the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service performed large scale tests on a grass covered embankment in the outdoor laboratory at Stillwater Oklahoma. Preliminary results of these tests suggest that the procedure used for evaluating the time to vegetal cover failure in grass-lined earth spillways can reasonably be applied to predicting allowable overtopping of grassed embankments. Those preliminary results and their potential application to field structures are discussed in this report. C1 USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Temple, DM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800001 ER PT B AU Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM Cook, KR AF Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM Cook, KR GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI Effects of compaction on embankment resistance to headcut migration SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials C1 USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800002 ER PT S AU Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA Wilson, PWF Lahoz, C Levy, D Otvos, JD McNamara, JR Gagne, E Hayden, M Schaefer, EJ AF Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA Wilson, PWF Lahoz, C Levy, D Otvos, JD McNamara, JR Gagne, E Hayden, M Schaefer, EJ BE Jacotot, B Mathe, D Fruchart, JC TI Advances in cardiovascular risk prediction: new biochemical and genetic markers SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS XI SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Atherosclerosis CY OCT 05-09, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Atherosclerosis Soc, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck & Co Inc, Novartis, Parke Davis, Sanofi Recherche AB In clinical practice it is well-accepted that total plasma cholesterol is not the best indicator of a patient's risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Furthermore, study of the established risk factors of high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reveals a considerable overlap between CHD cases and controls. In this report, we present some preliminary results showing that lipoprotein remnants determined using a novel immunochemical technique can potentially improve CHD risk assessment. Moreover, we have shown that nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy could be used to examine the complexity of lipoprotein subclasses and to determine their precise value as CHD risk predictors. This technique allows for high sample throughput and automation; however, this instrumentation is not readily available to small laboratories. Regarding the use of genetic markers as CHD risk predictors, it is becoming evident that the apoE gene locus is a major determinant of CHD risk in the population. Moreover, common mutations at the LPL gene locus exert a significant effect on triglyceride and HDL-C levels. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA,JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA,JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82651-3 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1998 VL 1155 BP 425 EP 431 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BL30E UT WOS:000075036600052 ER PT J AU Simpson, JR McPherson, EG AF Simpson, JR McPherson, EG TI Simulation of tree shade impacts on residential energy use for space conditioning in Sacramento SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Benefits of the Urban Forest CY MAR 07, 1995 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP Sacramento Municipal Util Dist DE air conditioning; tree planting; tree shade; urban forest AB Tree shade reduces summer air conditioning demand and increases winter heating load by intercepting solar energy that would otherwise heat the shaded structure. We evaluate the magnitude of these effects here for 254 residential properties participating in a utility sponsored tree planting program in Sacramento, California. Tree and building characteristics and typical weather data are used to model hourly shading and energy used for space conditioning for each building for a period of one year. There were an average of 3.1 program trees per property which reduced annual and peak (8 h average from 1 to 9 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time) cooling energy use 153 kWh (7.1%) and 0.08 kW (2.3%) per tree, respectively. Annual heating load increased 0.85 GJ (0.80 MBtu, 1.9%) per tree. Changes in cooling load were smaller, but percentage changes larger, for newer buildings. Averaged over all homes, annual cooling savings of $15.25 per tree were reduced by a heating penalty of $5.25 per tree, for net savings of $10.00 per tree from shade. We estimate an annual cooling penalty of $2.80 per tree and heating savings of $6.80 per tree from reduced wind speed, for a net savings of $4.00 per tree, and total annual savings of $14.00 per tree ($43.00 per property). Results are found to be consistent with previous simulations and the limited measurements available. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT ENVIRONM HORT, US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC SW RES STN, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00181-7 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YJ504 UT WOS:A1998YJ50400008 ER PT J AU McPherson, EG Scott, KI Simpson, JR AF McPherson, EG Scott, KI Simpson, JR TI Estimating cost effectiveness of residential yard trees for improving air quality in Sacramento, California, using existing models SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Benefits of the Urban Forest CY MAR 07, 1995 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP Sacramento Municipal Util Dist DE air pollution mitigation; urban forestry; pollutant deposition; hydrocarbon emission; natural resource valuation ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EMISSION RATE VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; OZONE; HYDROCARBONS; ISOPRENE AB The Sacramento Municipal Utility District's (SMUD) shade tree program will result in the planting of 500,000 trees and has been found to produce net benefits from air conditioning savings. In this study we assume three scenarios (base, highest, and lowest benefits) based on the SMUD program and apply Best Available Control Technology (BACT) cost analysis to determine if shade trees planted in residential yards can be a cost effective means to improve air quality. Planting and maintenance costs, pollutant deposition, and biogenic hydrocarbon emissions are estimated annually for 30 years with existing deterministic models. For the base case, the average annual dollar benefit of pollutant uptake was $895 and the cost of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions was $512, for a net pollutant uptake benefit of $383 per 100 trees planted. The uniform annual payment necessary to repay planting and maintenance costs with a 10% rate of interest was $749. When high biogenic hydrocarbon emitting tree species were replaced with low-emitters, the base case benefit-cost ratio (BCR) increased from 0.5:1 to 0.9:1. The BCR for the ''highest'' and ''lowest'' benefit cases were 2.2:1 and -0.8:1, respectively. Although SMUD plantings produce cost effective energy savings, our application of the BACT analysis does not suggest convincing evidence that there is cost savings when only air quality benefits are considered. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC SW RES STN, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00180-5 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YJ504 UT WOS:A1998YJ50400009 ER PT J AU Pan, Q Wang, Z Quebedeaux, B AF Pan, Q Wang, Z Quebedeaux, B TI Responses of the apple plant to CO2 enrichment: changes in photosynthesis, sorbitol, other soluble sugars, and starch SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; CARBOHYDRATE ACCUMULATION; WATER-STRESS; GROWTH; EXCHANGE; RICE AB There is no information on the effects of elevated [CO2] on whole-plant photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and other sorbitol-translocating plants. Experiments were conducted in controlled growth chambers to evaluate how increases in [CO2] affect plant photosynthesis and carbon partitioning into soluble sugars and starch in apple leaves. Apple plants (cv, Gala), 1-year-old, were exposed to [CO2] of 200, 360, 700, 1000, and 1600 mu L L-1 up to 8 d. Whole-plant net photosynthetic rates were analysed daily after [CO2] treatments. Newly expanded mature leaves were sampled at 1, 2, 4, and 8 d after [CO2] treatments for sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch analysis. Midday whole-plant net photosynthetic rates increased linearly with increasing [CO2], but the differences in whole-plant photosynthesis between CO2-enrichment and ambient [CO2] treatments were less significant as apple plants acclimated to high atmospheric [CO2] for 8 d. Increases in [CO2] significantly increased sorbitol and starch, but did not affect sucrose concentrations. As a result, the ratios of starch to sorbitol and starch to sucrose at 8 d after [CO2] treatments were increased from 0.05 and 0.06 to 0.8 and 1.6 as [CO2] increased from ambient [CO2] (360 mu L L-1) to 1000 mu L L-1 [CO2], respectively. The sorbitol to sucrose ratio also increased from 1.3 to 2.2 as [CO2] increased from 360 to 1000 mu L L-1. Elevated [CO2] enhanced the photosynthesis of apple plants and altered carbohydrate accumulation in mature leaves in favour of starch and sorbitol over sucrose. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Quebedeaux, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bql@umail.umd.edu NR 21 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1998 VL 25 IS 3 BP 293 EP 297 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZQ572 UT WOS:000073881500004 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Yuan, Z Quebedeaux, B AF Wang, Z Yuan, Z Quebedeaux, B TI Photoperiod alters partitioning of newly-fixed C-14 and reserve carbon into sorbitol, sucrose and starch in apple leaves, stems, and roots SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; CARBOHYDRATE; ACCUMULATION AB The experiment was designed to determine how photoperiod duration affected the partitioning of newly-fixed C-14 and reserve carbon into sorbitol, sucrose, and starch in apple source leaves, young sink leaves, stems, and roots. Apple plants (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala), 1-year-old, were grown in environmental growth chambers and received five different photoperiod treatments of 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 h for 8 d. On the eighth day of the light treatments, plants were exposed to (CO2)-C-14 for 15 min and harvested at 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after labelling for carbohydrate and C-14-carbohydrate analyses. Sorbitol and starch concentrations in leaves, stems, and roots increased as photoperiod increased, and peaked near 10-h photoperiod. Sucrose concentrations, however, either did not change in mature leaves or decreased slightly in stems as photoperiod increased from 1 to 14 h. At 24 h after (CO2)-C-14 labelling, plants grown in longer photoperiods had less [C-14]sucrose, [C-14]sorbitol and C-14-total soluble fraction remaining in mature leaves, but more C-14 activities in stems and roots than those grown in shorter photoperiods. We suggest that the increases in C-14-carbohydrates in stems and roots under longer photoperiods are due to increased carbon export from mature source leaves. C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Lanscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1998 VL 25 IS 4 BP 503 EP 506 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZY652 UT WOS:000074645400013 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Bunce, JA Caulfield, F AF Ziska, LH Bunce, JA Caulfield, F TI Intraspecific variation in seed yield of soybean (Glycine max) in response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; CO2 partial pressure; soybean; intraspecific variation; seed yield ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; CO2 ENRICHMENT; TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; GROWTH AB The growth characteristics of six and the reproductive development of five soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars were examined at 39 Pa (ambient) and 70 Pa (elevated) CO2 partial pressures in temperature-controlled glasshouses. Significant intraspecific variation for both growth and seed yield in response to elevated CO2 was observed among the cultivars. At elevated CO2, total biomass increased an average of 42% at the end of the vegetative stage, while average seed yield increased by only 28%. No changes in % protein or % oil were observed for any cultivar at elevated CO2, relative to ambient CO2. The relative enhancement of either vegetative or reproductive growth at elevated CO2 was not correlated with changes in the absolute or relative increase in single leaf photosynthetic rate among cultivars at elevated CO2. For soybean, the greatest response of seed yield to elevated CO2 was associated with increased production of lateral branches, increased pod production or increased seed weight, suggesting different strategies of carbon partitioning in a high CO2 environment. Data from this experiment indicates that differences in carbon partitioning among soybean cultivars may influence reproductive capacity and fecundity as atmospheric CO2 increases, with subsequent consequences for future agricultural breeding strategies. C1 ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Bldg 046A,103 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 18 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1998 VL 25 IS 7 BP 801 EP 807 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 153BT UT WOS:000077813400004 ER PT J AU Lopez-Martinez, N Shimabukuro, RH De Prado, R AF Lopez-Martinez, N Shimabukuro, RH De Prado, R TI Effect of quinclorac on auxin-induced growth, transmembrane proton gradient and ethylene biosynthesis in Echinochloa spp. SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE auxinic herbicide; barnyardgrass; Echinochloa spp.; herbicide resistant weed; quinclorac ID DICLOFOP-METHYL; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; HERBICIDE QUINCLORAC; MEMBRANE-POTENTIALS; HIGHER-PLANTS; TOMATO; ROOTS; BARNYARDGRASS; SELECTIVITY; COLEOPTILES AB The mechanism of action of quinclorac and its selectivity between rice and resistant (R), intermediately tolerant (I) and susceptible (S) Echinochloa spp. were investigated. The effect on the cell membrane potential (E-m), stimulation of cell elongation growth, ACC production and ethylene formation were examined to verify the auxin characteristics of quinciorac and the possible mechanism of selectivity. Quinclorac did not induce cell elongation growth, neither did it cause hyperpolarization of E-m due to the stimulation of H+-ATPase activity. Quinclorac increased ethylene biosynthesis by increasing the ACC content in susceptible plants, possibly by affecting the autonomous auxin-regulated ACC synthase gene. Increased ethylene biosynthesis was correlated with the phytotoxicity of quinclorac. Ethylene biosynthesis due to quinclorac treatment in I and S biotypes increased 3 and 7 times, respectively, but quinclorac treatment had no effect on ethylene biosynthesis in R Echinochloa spp. and rice at the applied dosages. Quinclorac caused an increase of ACC concentration in the S biotype that was 2.5-fold more than the control. The addition of an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor decreased the phytotoxicity of quinclorac. The mechanism of selectivity between susceptible and tolerant species/biotypes may be related to the formation of HCN as a coproduct during the stimulation of the ethylene biosynthesis caused by the herbicide only in susceptible grasses. C1 Univ Cordoba, ETSIAM, Dept Quim Agr, Cordoba 14080, Spain. ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Lopez-Martinez, N (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, ETSIAM, Dept Quim Agr, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N,Apdo 3048, Cordoba 14080, Spain. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1998 VL 25 IS 7 BP 851 EP 857 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 153BT UT WOS:000077813400011 ER PT J AU Shafer, AL Katz, JB Eernisse, KA AF Shafer, AL Katz, JB Eernisse, KA TI Development and validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of type A influenza antibodies in avian sera SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; ANTIGENS; TURKEYS AB Serologic screening of avian sera for group-specific antibodies to type A influenza is currently accomplished by using the avian influenza (AI) agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) was developed using a baculovirus vector, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, expressing the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of A/Ann Arbor/6/60 influenza virus, The recombinant NP was obtained by inoculation of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells or Trichoplusia ni insect larvae with the recombinant baculovirus. A hybridoma cell line producing monoclonal antibody against influenza virus A nucleoprotein was used to generate mouse ascitic fluid for the CELISA. The nucleoprotein and the monoclonal antibody were used without further purification in a CELISA for detection of avian-origin serum antibodies to type A influenza. The AI AGID and CELISA tests were compared for sensitivity and specificity using 1651 experimental and reference antisera. Samples discrepant in AGID and CELISA test results were further evaluated by the AI indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), and neuraminidase-inhibition (NI) tests. The results demonstrated a high degree of correlation between the AGID and CELISA test results, with the IFA, HI, and NI tests offering additional support of CELISA test specificity. The CELISA is a rapid, economical, sensitive, and specific serodiagnostic method for screening large numbers of avian sera for antibodies to avian influenza virus. C1 USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Shafer, AL (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 42 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.2307/1592573 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZC544 UT WOS:000072591100005 PM 9533078 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Mitchell, BW Gast, RK AF Holt, PS Mitchell, BW Gast, RK TI Airborne horizontal transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in molted laying chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE airborne disease transmission; fasting; intestinal infection; molting; Salmonella enteritidis ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; T-2 TOXIN; TYPHIMURIUM; SWINE; CONTAMINATION; PATHOGENESIS; CHOLERAESUIS; PERSISTENCE; FARMS AB Salmonella enteritidis is currently thought to be transmitted principally through contact with infected individuals and ingestion of fecally contaminated materials. The present study was undertaken to determine if S. enteritidis could be spread in chickens by the airborne route and if induced molting could affect this mode of transmission. To test for airborne transmission, hens were placed in two rows of cages, the rows separated from each other by 1 m. One row of hens was challenged with S. enteritidis, whereas the other row remained unchallenged but exposed to the room air. Ventilation delivered within the room provided an even air distribution within the area and minimized directional air flow toward any set of cages. In Expt. 1, 4 of 12 and 9 of 12 exposed molted hens became infected with S. enteritidis after 3 and 8 days of exposure, respectively compared with 1 of 12 and 0 of 12 unmolted hens sampled on the same days. Similar S. enteritidis levels were detected circulating in the air in the two rooms housing the hens. Expts. 2 and 3 examined airborne transmission in molted hens only. In Expt. 2, 2 of 12 exposed hens became infected with S. enteritidis at 3 days postchallenge, and this increased to 12 of 12 1 wk later. In Expt. 3, exposed hens were again housed in cages 1 m from challenged hens but were placed in every other cage to prevent transmission through contact with hens in adjacent cages. At day 3 post challenge, 0 of 12 exposed hens were culture positive for S. enteritidis, and this increased to only 3 of 10 positive hens at day 10. Large numbers of S. enteritidis shed by the molted challenged hens were recovered from the floors beneath che cages. These results indicate that, contrary to the generally held beliefs regarding organism spread, airborne transmission of S. enteritidis can occur and induced molting can provide the impetus for this event. As was observed previously, rapid dissemination of the organism to other members of the flock resulted through bird-to-bird contact. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 42 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.2307/1592575 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZC544 UT WOS:000072591100007 PM 9533080 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Huff, WE Bayyari, GR Balog, JM AF Rath, NC Huff, WE Bayyari, GR Balog, JM TI Cell death in avian tibial dyschondroplasia SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken; chondrocyte apoptosis; DNA fragmentation; tibial dyschondroplasia ID GROWTH-PLATE; DNA FRAGMENTATION; APOPTOSIS; CHONDROCYTES; CARTILAGE; IDENTIFICATION AB Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a local defect of growth plates in fastgrowing poultry where the transitional zone cartilage fails to resorb and persists as an avascular plug that prevents endochondral bone formation. We compared the differences in the cartilages from normal and TD-affected growth plates using the reduction of MTS to assess cartilage viability. Chondrocyte apoptosis was determined using biochemical measurement of DNA fragmentation, and in situ labeling of nuclei with fluorescein-dUTP using terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT)-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) of isolated chondrocytes and growth plate sections. The TD-affected cartilage showed a significantly lower level of MTS reduction and a decrease in trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable DNA content. The TD cartilages had a higher percentage of fragmented DNA, which was also evident with agarose gel electrophoresis. A significantly higher number of chondrocytes isolated from TD-affected cartilages had condensed morphology, shrunken nuclei with little cytoplasm, and were TUNEL positive as identified by the incorporation of fluorescein-dUTP into the nuclei. In vivo results similarly showed a significant population of chondrocytes in transition zones undergoing condensation and apoptosis as determined by in situ TUNEL staining of growth plate sections. Normal growth plates, under similar conditions, showed no significant apoptosis of chondrocytes from hypertrophic and chondrolyzing zones. The condensation and apoptotic cell death may be responsible for the reduction of growth plate viability as well as the reduction in DNA content and increased DNA fragmentation. While the cause of the pathogenesis of TD is unknown, it appears that the aberrant death of chondrocytes in hypertrophic regions of growth plates may be responsible for the accumulation of cartilage and the arrest of endochondral bone formation. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Product & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Product & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 42 IS 1 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.2307/1592578 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZC544 UT WOS:000072591100010 PM 9533083 ER PT J AU Rimler, RB Nordholm, GE AF Rimler, RB Nordholm, GE TI DNA fingerprinting of Riemerella anatipestifer SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; restriction endonuclease analysis; Riemerella anatipestifer; serology; endonuclease; epidemiology ID PASTEURELLA-ANATIPESTIFER; SEROTYPES AB Seventeen restriction endonucleases were evaluated for use in DNA fingerprinting of Riemerella anatispestifer. Digestion of chromosomal DNA with either HinfI or DdeI restriction endonuclease, followed by submarine electrophoresis in agarose and staining with ethidium bromide, resulted in DNA fingerprint profiles that could be easily resolved. HinfI produced readable fingerprint patterns in the 2.7-20-kb range and was used to distinguish DNA fingerprint profiles among 89 strains of R. anatipestifer representing isolates from various avian species in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Germany, and Israel. A total of 52 distinct DNA fingerprint profiles were found. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rimler, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 42 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.2307/1592581 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZC544 UT WOS:000072591100013 PM 9533086 ER PT B AU Chellemi, DO Andersen, PC Brodbeck, B Dankers, W Rhoads, FM AF Chellemi, DO Andersen, PC Brodbeck, B Dankers, W Rhoads, FM BE Prior, P Allen, C Elphinstone, J TI Correlation of chemical profiles of xylem fluid of tomato to resistance to bacterial wilt SO BACTERIAL WILT DISEASE: MOLECULAR AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Bacterial Wilt Symposium CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL GOSIER, FRANCE SP INRA, Ctr Int Rech Agronom Dev, ORSTOM AB The relationship of tomato genotype- and soil fertility regime-induced changes in xylem fluid chemistry to the incidence of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) was investigated under greenhouse conditions in two separate experiments. In experiment 1, the incidence of bacterial wilt was evaluated on cv 'Bonny Best' (susceptible) in relation to 6 soil fertility regimes. All soil fertility regimes included standard and uniform N-P-K applications with or without additional applications of calcium or magnesium. The incidence of bacterial wilt was reduced with the application of calcium and magnesium, although the effect of the former was greater. Soil pH, calcium and magnesium as well as foliar calcium and magnesium levels were influenced by soil fertility regime. In an effort to understand the mechanism of calcium- and magnesium-induced reductions in bacterial wilt, changes in xylem fluid chemistry were investigated as a function of genotype ['Bonny Best' (no resistance), 'Neptune' (moderate resistance) and Hawaii 7997 (high resistance)] and a calcium supplemented, a magnesium supplemented and a control soil fertility treatment (Experiment 2). The concentration of the primary organic compounds in xylem fluid (amino acids, organic acids and sugars) were statistically analyzed as a 3x3 factorial design. The effects of soil fertility treatment exceeded those of cultivar. Total amino acids and certain individual amino acids (glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, histidine, arginine, proline, tyrosine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine) were influenced by soil fertilization. Organic acids or sugars were not significantly influenced by treatment or cultivar. Further work is required to delineate the relationship of xylem chemistry and resistance to bacterial wilt. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-63887-3 PY 1998 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM10R UT WOS:000077646800033 ER PT J AU Spivak, M Gilliam, M AF Spivak, M Gilliam, M TI Hygienic behaviour of honey bees and its application for control of brood diseases and varroa Part I. Hygienic behaviour and resistance to American foulbrood SO BEE WORLD LA English DT Article AB There have been very few studies on hygienic behaviour as a mechanism of resistance to American foulbrood since Park, Woodrow, Rothenbuhler, and Rothenbuhler's students published their seminal work. The studies outlined in this part of the review form the core of information from which all later studies on hygienic behaviour have been based. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Spivak, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 219 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 33 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PY 1998 VL 79 IS 3 BP 124 EP 134 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 127CT UT WOS:000076333500003 ER PT J AU Spivak, M Gilliam, M AF Spivak, M Gilliam, M TI Hygienic behaviour of honey bees and its application for control of brood diseases and varroa - Part II. Studies on hygienic behaviour since the Rothenbuhler era SO BEE WORLD LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA-L; CHALKBROOD DISEASE; JACOBSONI OUD; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; ASCOSPHAERA-APIS; NEURAL NETWORKS; CERANA FABR; L COLONIES; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE AB Part I of this review summarized the initial research on hygienic behaviour of honey bees, Apis mellifera. This early work that concerned hygienic behaviour as a mechanism of resistance to American foulbrood (AFB) has been the foundation for all subsequent research on hygienic behaviour. In Part II, research on hygienic behaviour in relation to other bee diseases and to Varroa jacobsoni and in Apis species and subspecies is reviewed. In addition, techniques to screen bee colonies for the behaviour are detailed, and practical applications of breeding bees for hygienic behaviour are given. A section on neuroethology demonstrates how modern neurobiological techniques are being used to detect the reasons for differences in responses of hygienic and non-hygienic bees to abnormal brood. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Spivak, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 219 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 100 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PY 1998 VL 79 IS 4 BP 169 EP 186 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 150RE UT WOS:000077678400003 ER PT B AU Korcak, RF AF Korcak, RF BE Brown, S Angle, JS Jacobs, L TI Why co-utilization? SO BENEFICIAL CO-UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL, MUNICIPAL, AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Beltsville Symposium CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Friends Agr Res, Wheelabrator - BioGro Inc, Amer Coal Ash Assoc, Natl Aggregates Assoc AB The land application of by-products from agricultural, industrial or municipal sources is certainly not a new phenomena. Wood ashes, manures, crop residues and even some of the first food processing wastes, such as oyster shells, were applied to the land and, dependant upon site specifics, probably showed a beneficial response by the next crop. These positive responses led to agricultural practices which were continued over time. Today, with renewed interest in concepts such as sustainability, biodynamic farming, and natural resource conservation, the practice of applying by-products to land continues. However, a problem exists. This problem is concentration. Society, has developed technologies for the production of food, fiber, energy and the whole gamut of consumer goods with little regard for the by-products that these technologies produce, or the effects that the processes themselves may have upon the environment. The concentration per se of resources such as manures, coal ashes, waste mineral fines from crushing rock, paper mill sludges, sewage sludges, etc. is further complicated by economics. Even if an individual by-product has some intrinsic value, like the fertilizer value of manure or as source of trace minerals like waste mineral fines, there is a finite, albeit small, radial area within which these materials can be transported and utilized economically. Thus, the stockpiles continue to get larger and research dollars are spent on better liners for landfilling materials. The concept of co-utilization is simply the blending, mixing, and/or co-composting of two or more by-products in order to produce a value-added "designer" material which can be beneficially utilized to solve an agricultural problem, remediate soils, and/or fulfill a market niche. There are numerous examples, many of which will be noted in the presentations throughout the Symposium, where materials that were once called wastes are being co-utilized as value-added products. The goal of this Symposium is then two-fold: first, to identify areas where co-utilization is being practiced and to foster this utilization to better use our natural resource base; and second, to highlight where good science can be practiced in developing co-utilization products that will have a significant impact on our society at large. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Korcak, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5189-4 PY 1998 BP 1 EP 7 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN28T UT WOS:000081434100001 ER PT B AU Sikora, LJ AF Sikora, LJ BE Brown, S Angle, JS Jacobs, L TI Benefits and drawbacks to composting organic by-products SO BENEFICIAL CO-UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL, MUNICIPAL, AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Beltsville Symposium CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Friends Agr Res, Wheelabrator - BioGro Inc, Amer Coal Ash Assoc, Natl Aggregates Assoc ID SLUDGE COMPOST; DAMPING-OFF; SOIL; DEGRADATION; NITROGEN; DISEASE; ROOT; ROT AB Composting is a treatment process that requires time, knowledge, experience, equipment and effort. The benefits of establishing a composting process must be balanced against some of the drawbacks of the process and the product. Organic by-products or residuals that are difficult to store, apply to fields uniformly, are unstable or nonuniform are good candidates for composting. Manures, biosolids and food processing residuals are produced daily but often cannot be used on a daily basis and, therefore, must be stored periodically. Composting transforms manures for example to a drier, more uniform and biologically stable product with many uses other than just land application. Composted manures as such have a greater value than untreated manures to the farmer or feedlot owner. Nonuniform materials such as yard trimmings are transformed by degradation and mixing during composting into homogeneous organic mulch. Wet materials such as biosolids become drier as composts and are therefore more easily land applied. By-products that contain human or plant pathogens are safer after the high temperature treatment of composting. Compost products generally have a higher carbon to nitrogen ratio than the original by-product and therefore act as a slow release fertilizer. Drawbacks of composting by-products are cost for site preparation and equipment, the lengthy treatment period, targeting final use of compost product, and environmental issues such as odors and dust. Some investment in equipment and site preparation is required or recommended. Composting is not a rapid stabilization process and, depending upon technique, could take several weeks to achieve stable compost. Determination of a suitable market for the compost is critical to justify the extra effort in producing compost. Composting is a biological process that can result in significant odor generation if not managed properly. The slow release nature of nutrients in compost requires higher application rates than the original by-product to obtain the same plant response. Higher application rates require more material and more trips across the field than with the original by-product. Knowing the benefits of composting and composts and its drawbacks provide the generator of by-products a better estimate of cost versus return for starting a composting process. Environmental regulations may govern the ultimate treatment and beneficial use of by-products. The proper selection of by-products to cocompost or use with composts can result in value-added products that can be marketed a great distance from their source. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sikora, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5189-4 PY 1998 BP 69 EP 77 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN28T UT WOS:000081434100006 ER PT B AU Ritchey, KD Elrashidi, MA Clark, RB Baligar, VC AF Ritchey, KD Elrashidi, MA Clark, RB Baligar, VC BE Brown, S Angle, JS Jacobs, L TI Potential for utilizing coal combustion residues in co-utilization products SO BENEFICIAL CO-UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL, MUNICIPAL, AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Beltsville Symposium CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Friends Agr Res, Wheelabrator - BioGro Inc, Amer Coal Ash Assoc, Natl Aggregates Assoc ID SOILS AB Approximately 90 millions tons of coal combustion by-products are produced annually in the United States, consisting of 54 million tons of fly ash (solid particles removed from smoke), 15 million tons of bottom ash, 3 million tons of boiler slag, and 20 million tons of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) material. Markets for boiler slag are well developed, but only 33% of bottom ash, 25% of fly ash and 8% of FGD residues are beneficially used. Numerous opportunities for agricultural use of these materials have been identified. Fly ash (a very fine, relatively inert, dry powder consisting mostly of Fe, Al, Ca, Si, and O) provides a means of reducing water contents of wet mixtures, and can also provide B and other micronutrients to plants. Fly ash is currently being used to improve the texture and water-holding capacity of potting mixtures and artificial soils. Class C fly ash (produced from burning coal from Western US) can have a calcium carbonate equivalency of up to 50% and may serve as a substitute for aglime. Mixtures of fly ash and sewage sludge produced an effective medium for growth of apple trees in northern West Virginia, and mixtures of fly ash and municipal compost produced an acceptable soil substitute for nurseries in Ohio. FGD materials contain mainly calcium sulfate or calcium sulfite, as well as some unreacted alkaline sorbent. These products can be used as substitutes for aglime, as an insolubilizer for phosphorous from animal manure in environmentally sensitive watersheds where excess P occurs in run-off, as a source of Ca and S in potting mixtures, as an antisodicity agent for displacing Na from certain degraded mine lands being treated with sawmill by-products, and to improve subsoil root growth enhancement properties of surface-applied amendments. Fluidized bed combustion materials, which contain both ash and FGD components, can be used for similar purposes. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Ritchey, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5189-4 PY 1998 BP 139 EP 147 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN28T UT WOS:000081434100011 ER PT B AU Norton, LD Altieri, R Johnston, C AF Norton, LD Altieri, R Johnston, C BE Brown, S Angle, JS Jacobs, L TI Co-utilization of by-products for creation of synthetic soil SO BENEFICIAL CO-UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL, MUNICIPAL, AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Beltsville Symposium CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Friends Agr Res, Wheelabrator - BioGro Inc, Amer Coal Ash Assoc, Natl Aggregates Assoc ID FUEL COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLY-ASH; INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ADSORPTION; MOBILIZATION; DESORPTION; MECHANISMS; ELEMENTS AB Agriculture has been practiced in the USA for hundreds of years. The general trend has been to produce foodstuffs and send them to towns and villages where most of the population lives. As a largely agrarian society, concentration of wastes was not a big problem because much of the wastes produced were applied back to the land where it came. With the population shift from farms to large cities the waste streams became larger and more concentrated. Disposal of these wastes was generally in landfills. Today with the increased cost of landfilling, less landfill space and regulations restricting what can be filled, land application of many waste streams is becoming more economically desirable. Also given the fact that many of these waste streams contain beneficial organic materials and nutrients that came from the soil to begin with, it may be beneficial to amend the soil with them to improve soil organic carbon content, nutrient status and control erosion. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to create a synthetic soil from waste materials. We studied two waste streams from a coal-fired power plant and a pharmaceutical operation in order to develop a co-blending technology. The method consisted of mixing the hot ashes with wet ORIS, Different combinations of mixtures were studied to determine the optimum ratio of wastes to provide a soil like material. By combining the organic rich industrial sludge (ORIS) with fly and bottom ash from a fluidized bed combustor we were able to reduce the adverse properties of both materials and create a soil like material with favorable properties. The ash provided a structural backbone for the ORIS and the ORIS served as a proton donor to reduce the alkalinity of the ashes. The impact of this research is that two waste materials with adverse properties can be combined such that they form a beneficial material with soil like properties that can be used as a synthetic soil for soil amending to improve organic matter content and potentially erosion control. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Norton, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Altieri, Roberto/B-1068-2013 OI Altieri, Roberto/0000-0002-1439-5248 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5189-4 PY 1998 BP 163 EP 174 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN28T UT WOS:000081434100014 ER PT B AU Millner, PD AF Millner, PD BE Brown, S Angle, JS Jacobs, L TI Microbial effects on environmental health and product quality aspects of recovery and co-utilization of bio-mineral products SO BENEFICIAL CO-UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL, MUNICIPAL, AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Beltsville Symposium CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Friends Agr Res, Wheelabrator - BioGro Inc, Amer Coal Ash Assoc, Natl Aggregates Assoc ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PRESSED APPLE CIDER; ANIMAL WASTES; WATER SUPPLIES; O157-H7; OUTBREAK; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; INFECTION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB The environmental and economic incentives to recycle and recover useful resources from various organic materials, such as animal manures, biosolids, landscape trimmings and food processing and marketing residuals, continue to increase. The same incentives are stimulating interest among scientists, horticulturists, entrepreneurs, and the minerals industries in the potential for utilization of various inorganic by-products, from cement, rock, aggregate, power plant and steel manufacturing operations, as beneficial additives to these organics. The resulting 'bio-mineral' products will provide stabilized organic materials augmented with mineral components useful in agriculture, horticulture, landscaping and reclamation. Some form of treatment will be required to remove pathogenic organisms that are present in primary organic constituents of such bio-mineral products. Existing federal standards ("40CFR503 for Code of federal Regulations") for biosolids include criteria for assessing pathogen destruction achieved by several treatment processes. The applicability and appropriateness of these criteria to organic and biomineral products, not containing biosolids, is discussed along with the need for test refinements appropriate to new technologies. Potential disease transmission pathways and case reports involving emerging pathogens, e.g., E. coli O157:H7, salmonellae, Cryptosporidium parvum, suggest that environmental health implications of farm and food production practices involving animal manure be reviewed and evaluated in a manner equivalent to that of biosolids. Specific information on pathogen survival and destruction relative to current and developing organics and bio-minerals recycling processes is needed to support development of guidelines for appropriate practices. Depending on the treatment process and the targeted mineral composition of the final product, inorganic constituents may be added prior to, during, or after organics processing. The sequence of mineral augmentation in organics processing has the potential to influence the quality of the product, but more research is urgently needed to optimize these benefits and to support recommendations that promote environmental and public health. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Millner, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5189-4 PY 1998 BP 247 EP 257 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN28T UT WOS:000081434100020 ER PT B AU Brown, S Chaney, R AF Brown, S Chaney, R BE Brown, S Angle, JS Jacobs, L TI Manganese deficiency induced by lime rich co-utilization products SO BENEFICIAL CO-UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL, MUNICIPAL, AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Beltsville Symposium CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Friends Agr Res, Wheelabrator - BioGro Inc, Amer Coal Ash Assoc, Natl Aggregates Assoc ID MODELING OXYGEN DIFFUSION; AGGREGATED SOILS; ANAEROBIOSIS; BIOSOLIDS; FOLIAR; GROWTH; WHEAT AB Lime addition to biosolids during the wastewater treatment process controls odors, aids in dewatering and reduces pathogens. Pathogen reduction as a result of lime addition can be sufficient to meet PSRP (Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens) standards set by EPA 503 regulations (USEPA, 1993). When used properly, lime stabilized biosolids will increase soil pH as well as add nitrogen and other nutrients to soil for agronomic crops. However, under certain conditions (light-textured Coastal Plain soils which are prone to Mn deficiency) application of lime-treated biosolids has resulted in Mn deficiency in susceptible crops. Manganese deficiency is the result of several soil, plant and environmental factors and will not necessarily reoccur in the same field from year to year. However, deficiencies following biosolids applications have occurred on long-term research plots as well as on farmer's fields. As a result of these deficiencies, the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) considered limiting the use of limed biosolids on susceptible soils to meet the lime requirement of the crop. Research in our lab has identified many ways to alleviate these deficiencies. Field experiments have shown that the addition of 200 kg Mn ha(-1) as MnSO(4) was sufficient to alleviate deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum) on long-term field plots. Foliar Mn spray was also able to correct deficiency. Addition of Mn to biosolids prior to land application was able to increase Mn concentration in diagnostic leaves of wheat on short-term field plots. Application of sulfur to farmer's fields was able to lower soil pH and eliminate deficiency. Variation in the Mn content of biosolids, in the lime content of the biosolids, as well as the difficulties in predicting when Mn deficiencies will occur, make addition of Mn to biosolids prior to land application an impractical alternative. All other identified solutions appear to be feasible. However, biosolids applicators are meeting with resistance to these solutions from both extension and regulatory personnel. This illustrates the potential for problems when all of the potential agronomic implications associated with the use of a co-utilization product are not taken into consideration before a beneficial reuse program is instituted. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sbrown@asrr.arsusda.gov; sbrown@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5189-4 PY 1998 BP 289 EP 298 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN28T UT WOS:000081434100024 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Gelman, DB Bell, RA Loeb, MJ AF Hu, JS Gelman, DB Bell, RA Loeb, MJ TI In vitro rearing of Edovum puttleri, an egg parasitoid of the Colorado potato beetle - development from egg through the pupal stage SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE artificial diet; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Eulophidae; Hymenoptera; metamorphosis; molting ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES BRACONIDAE; TRICHOGRAMMA-PRETIOSUM; INVITRO CULTURE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; IN-VITRO; FAT-BODY; CHRYSOMELIDAE; HOST; HYMENOPTERA; COLEOPTERA AB A variety of semi-defined artificial diets were developed and tested for their ability to support the in vitro development of Edovum puttleri. In the most effective diet, 2.6% of E. puttleri pupated. This diet contained high levels of hen egg yolk combined with Manduca sexta larval hemolymph, or with a mixture of M. sexta egg homogenate and larval hemolymph. Egg homogenate alone (without the addition of hemolymph) was not capable of supporting the parasitoid's development. Thus, hemolymph appears to contain unidentified factor(s) important for inducing pupation of the wasp. Addition of M. sexta pupal fat body tissue extract (in place of hemolymph) also promoted pupation of E. puttleri. Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larval hemolymph could not replace M. sexta larval hemolymph. Fractionation irreversibly reduced the growth-promoting effects of M. sexta larval hemolymph. However, the most effective fraction contained components whose molecular weights were greater than or equal to 1000 kd. In diets that were devoid of insect materials, the best results were achieved when hen egg yolk, FreAmine, yeast extract, lactalbumin, trehalose, fetal bovine serum and bovine milk were included. This is the first report of an artificial diet for in vitro rearing an eulophid parasitoid from the egg through the pupal stage. C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hu, JS (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, 1300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1023/A:1009955804243 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 161RL UT WOS:000078302700002 ER PT J AU Hajek, AE Bauer, L McManus, ML Wheeler, MM AF Hajek, AE Bauer, L McManus, ML Wheeler, MM TI Distribution of resting spores of the Lymantria dispar pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in soil and on bark SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE azygospores; Entomophthorales; epizootiology; fungal distribution; soil extraction ID AMERICAN GYPSY-MOTH; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; EPIZOOTICS AB Cadavers of late instar Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larvae killed by the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga predominantly contain resting spores (azygospores). These cadavers frequently remain attached to tree trunks for several weeks before they detach and fall to the ground. Density gradient centrifugation was used to quantify resting spores in the soil and on tree bark. Titers of resting spores were extremely high at 0-10 cm from the base of the tree and the number decreased with distance from the trunk of the tree. Titers were also highest in the organic layer of the soil with numbers decreasing precipitously with increasing depth in the soil. While resting spores were obtained from tree bark, densities per unit area were much lower than those found in the organic soil layer at the base of the tree. Field bioassays were conducted with caged L. dispar larvae to compare infection levels with distance from the tree trunk as well as on the trunk. Highest infection levels were found at 50 cm from the tree base with lowest infection on the tree trunk at 0.5 m height, although we expected the highest infection levels among larvae caged at the bases of trees, where highest spore titers occurred. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that L. dispar larvae exposed to resting spore-bearing soil at the soil surface became infected while larvae exposed to soil with resting spores buried at least 1 cm below the surface did not become infected. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PY 1998 VL 43 IS 2 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1023/A:1009933525540 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174FN UT WOS:000079023700006 ER PT J AU McKeever, DB AF McKeever, DB TI Wood residual quantities in the United States SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP McKeever, DB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JAN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA YZ198 UT WOS:000072230100049 ER PT J AU Stapel, JO Waters, DJ Ruberson, JR Lewis, WJ AF Stapel, JO Waters, DJ Ruberson, JR Lewis, WJ TI Development and behavior of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae in choice tests with food substrates containing toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; Bacillus thuringiensis; behavior; pupal weight; developmental time; biological control ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; INSECT RESISTANCE; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; NATURAL ENEMIES; GROWTH; COTTON AB Developmental time and behavior of Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) larvae and their pupal weight were investigated in dual-choice arenas containing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxins. In both artificial diet and cotton leaf-choice tests with Bt formulation MVP (containing delta endotoxins var. Kurstaki), the mean proportion of larvae on Bt-free diets was higher than on Bt-containing diets. Artificial diet tests further showed that larvae were more often found on diets where MVP was applied on the diet surface than on diets where the formulation was mixed in the diet. In leaf-choice tests with the Bt transgenic cotton line 'C 1076' and the nontransgenic 'C 312', more larvae were found on nontransgenic cotton leaves, Also, when feeding damage was measured in the leaf experiments, feeding damage was more frequently observed on Bt-free than on Bt-containing leaves in MVP and 'C 1076' choice tests, Leaf-choice tests with the Bt formulations Dipel ES (containing B. thuringiensis var. Kurstaki) and Xentari (containing B. thuringiensis var. Aizawai) and the transgenic Bt line 'C 531' showed patterns of larval behavior and feeding damage different than those obtained in the other leaf tests, The survival rate of larvae on MVP was comparable to the larval survival on control tests containing only Bt-free diets, However, lower pupal weight and longer developmental time were observed. Experiments with neonate S. exigua larvae on MVP-treated cotton plants demonstrated that the number of larvae remaining on the plant was negatively correlated with concentration and exposure time. The consequences and opportunities for behavior adaptation to Bt in pest management are discussed. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 ARS, USDA, Insect Biol & Populat Management Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Natl Environmentally Sound Prod Agr Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Stapel, JO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Insect Biol & Populat Management Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0576 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA YQ695 UT WOS:000071414000005 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Nordlund, DA Wu, ZX AF Greenberg, SM Nordlund, DA Wu, ZX TI Influence of rearing host on adult size and ovipositional behavior of mass produced female Trichogramma minutum Riley and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Trichogramma; factitious host; artificial egg; oviposition stimulus; female size; oviposition ID PERFORMANCE; EGGS AB The size (body length) of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogramma minutum Riley adult females is, to a great extent, dependent on the size of the host egg on which the insect developed. The fecundity of female Trichogramma was dependent on their body size. Two kinds of artificial eggs were used, wax artificial eggs and stretched plastic artificial eggs. Females reared on different hosts were induced to oviposit on artificial eggs with an oviposition stimulus. T. pretiosum reared on Helicoverpa tea (Boddie) and Manduca sexta (Linnaeus) eggs oviposited in 80.0-83.3% of the wax artificial eggs compared with the 49.5% of the wax artificial eggs oviposited in when the parasitoid was reared on Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) eggs. T. minutum reared on H. tea eggs, an artificial diet in wax artificial eggs, or S. cerealella eggs oviposited in 76.2, 89.3, or 30.9%, respectively, of stretched plastic artificial eggs. C1 ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0582 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA YQ695 UT WOS:000071414000007 ER PT J AU Jones, WA Ciomperlik, MA Wolfenbarger, DA AF Jones, WA Ciomperlik, MA Wolfenbarger, DA TI Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on two parasitoids attacking Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Eretmocerus mundus; Bemisia tabaci; biological control; insecticide; integrated pest management; parasitoid ID SWEET-POTATO; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; TABACI HOMOPTERA; SUDAN GEZIRA; COTTON; HYMENOPTERA; APHELINIDAE; PESTICIDES; POPULATIONS; IMMATURE AB The long-term goal of this report is the documentation of the sublethal effects of pesticides to parasitic Hymenoptera. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine if parasitoids can be conserved or augmented against Bemisia argentifolii in crops where insecticides are also applied for other pests. Lethal and sublethal effects were measured for six insecticides applied in the laboratory to host larvae containing two different developmental stages each of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet from Spain and a common local species Eretmocerus tejanus Rose and Zolnerowich. Survival varied according to insecticide and developmental stage. When applied 5 days after parasitoid oviposition, thiodicarb allowed the highest rates of adult emergence by E. tejanus (65.9%) and E. mundus (35.8%). Endosulfan was the next least-toxic material, followed by the organophosphates azinphos-methyl and methyl parathion, and the insect growth regulator buprofezin. The pyrethroid bifenthrin was most toxic to both parasitoids in both developmental stages. When applied just before the expected emergence of adults, survival ranged from 47.2 to 92.2% with buprofezin, thiodicarb, and endosulfan. Some significant differences among treatments in longevity of emerged adults were detected, but females of both parasitoid species that survived the least-toxic materials were able to mate and reproduce. These findings demonstrate that there exists a wide range of responses by Bemisia parasitoids across a variety of chemicals, and that sublethal effects on the subsequent longevity and reproductive ability among survivors of the least-toxic chemicals were not severe. This study demonstrates the value of assessing sublethal effects of pesticides by showing that adult parasitoids that survive pesticides applied to immature stages within their host do not necessarily suffer latent detrimental effects on important biological parameters. C1 ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. APHIS, USDA, Mission Biol Control Lab, Mission, TX 78573 USA. RP Jones, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0581 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA YQ695 UT WOS:000071414000010 ER PT S AU Gagne, RJ Law, LJ AF Gagne, RJ Law, LJ BE Csoka, G Mattson, WJ Stone, GN Price, PW TI Actilasioptera (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae), a new genus for Australasian and Asian gall midges of grey mangroves, Avicennia spp. (Avicenniaceae) SO BIOLOGY OF GALL-INDUCING ARTHROPODS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Biology of Cell-Inducing Arthropods CY AUG 14-19, 1997 CL INTER FORESTRY RES ORG, MATRAFURED, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Protect, North Cent Res Stn US Forest Serv, Forest Dept Hungarian Minist Agr, Agroninform Publ House, Interdnet, Matra Forest & Wood Co HO INTER FORESTRY RES ORG AB A new genus of Lasiopterini, Actilasioptera, is described for five new species of gall midges that form galls on Avicennia marina along the coast of Queensland, Australia, and for Stefaniella falcaria Felt from leaf galls of Avicennia officinalis in Java. The five new species, each forming a distinct gall, are named: Actilasioptera coronata, A. pustulata, A. subfolium, A. tuberculata, and A. tumidifolium. Keys are given for the recognition of galls, adults, pupae, and larvae. C1 US Natl Museum, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), US Natl Museum, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, NHB 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1998 VL 199 BP 22 EP 35 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Entomology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Entomology; Forestry GA BN41E UT WOS:000081855600004 ER PT S AU Mattson, WJ Levieux, J Piou, D AF Mattson, WJ Levieux, J Piou, D BE Csoka, G Mattson, WJ Stone, GN Price, PW TI Genetic and environmental contributions to variation in the resistance of Picea abies to the gall-forming adelgid, Adelges abietis (Homoptera : Adelgidae) SO BIOLOGY OF GALL-INDUCING ARTHROPODS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Biology of Cell-Inducing Arthropods CY AUG 14-19, 1997 CL INTER FORESTRY RES ORG, MATRAFURED, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Protect, North Cent Res Stn US Forest Serv, Forest Dept Hungarian Minist Agr, Agroninform Publ House, Interdnet, Matra Forest & Wood Co HO INTER FORESTRY RES ORG AB Norway spruce, Picea abies, varies widely among individuals in its susceptibility to the common gall-forming aphid, Adelges abietis (Homoptera: Adelgidae), an Old World species which now has a circumtemperate, circumboreal distribution. We estimated the genetic and environmental contributions to this variation in a polyclonal spruce plantation at the Barres National Aboretum in the southern Paris basin of France. Aphids infested 98 percent of the clones, but infestation levels were highly variable, ranging from an average of less than 1 to 95 galls/branch/ramet/clone. Neither altitude nor forest region of clonal origin made a significant contribution to variation in tree resistance. Instead, most of the variation was due to individual tree genetics because broad sense heritability of resistance against A. abietis was estimated to be 0.86. There was no consistent relationship between tree infestation by A. abietis, and another common, co-occurring adelgid, A. laricis. C1 Michigan State Univ, Pesticide Res Ctr, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Michigan State Univ, Pesticide Res Ctr, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. North Cent. PY 1998 VL 199 BP 304 EP 314 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Entomology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Entomology; Forestry GA BN41E UT WOS:000081855600031 ER PT J AU Dym, M Dirami, G Ruttimann, JM Cudicini, CB Pursel, VG Ravindranath, N AF Dym, M Dirami, G Ruttimann, JM Cudicini, CB Pursel, VG Ravindranath, N TI Spermatogonial stem cell culture. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA M13 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000023 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM AF Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM TI Effects of FSH and androstenedione on apoptosis and viability in porcine granulosa cells. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 12 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000058 ER PT J AU Holyoak, GR Wang, S Panter, KE Liu, G Bunch, TJ Evans, RC Bunch, TD AF Holyoak, GR Wang, S Panter, KE Liu, G Bunch, TJ Evans, RC Bunch, TD TI Influence of swainsonine on bovine preimplantation embryo development. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 64 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000110 ER PT J AU Wang, S Panter, KE Holyoak, GR Liu, G Bunch, TJ Evans, RC Bunch, TD AF Wang, S Panter, KE Holyoak, GR Liu, G Bunch, TJ Evans, RC Bunch, TD TI Quality and viability of bovine preimplantation embryos treated with swainsonine in vitro. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 65 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000111 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Matteri, RL Prather, RS AF Anderson, JE Matteri, RL Prather, RS TI Cyclin B1 transcript levels during the transition from maternal to zygotic control of development in porcine embryos. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 72 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000118 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, BL Harmon, EB Gentry, PC Hamernik, DL Wise, ME AF Kirkpatrick, BL Harmon, EB Gentry, PC Hamernik, DL Wise, ME TI Hormonal regulation of steroidogenic factor-1 and gonadotropin alpha-subunit mRNA expression in the ewe. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Physiol Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Surg, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 214 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000260 ER PT J AU Gazal, OS Amoah, EA Kouakou, B Barb, CR Gelaye, S AF Gazal, OS Amoah, EA Kouakou, B Barb, CR Gelaye, S TI Plasma growth hormone and testosterone responses to photoperiod and NMDA in the goat. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 219 BP 139 EP 139 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000265 ER PT J AU Garrett, WM Guthrie, HD AF Garrett, WM Guthrie, HD TI Expression of bcl-2 and 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) protein during oocyte and follicle development in fetal and post-natal pig ovaries. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 258 BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000304 ER PT J AU Ravindranath, N Dirami, G Chaudhary, H Pursel, V Dym, M AF Ravindranath, N Dirami, G Chaudhary, H Pursel, V Dym, M TI Isolation and characterization of porcine type a spermatogonial stem cells. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 315 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000361 ER PT J AU Dobrinsky, JR Nagashima, H Pursel, VG Long, CR Johnson, LA AF Dobrinsky, JR Nagashima, H Pursel, VG Long, CR Johnson, LA TI Developmental competence of cryopreserved swine embryos with reduced lipid content. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Osaka Univ, Sch Med, Biomed Res Ctr, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 347 BP 180 EP 180 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000393 ER PT J AU Li, MD Kane, JK Ma, ZL Ford, JJ AF Li, MD Kane, JK Ma, ZL Ford, JJ TI Molecular cloning and characterization of porcine activin receptor types I and IIA and IIB. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 376 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000422 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL Pearson, PL Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL Pearson, PL Christenson, RK TI Ontogeny of liver erythropoietin mRNA expression in pig embryos. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 380 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000426 ER PT J AU Pearson, PL Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK Vallet, JL AF Pearson, PL Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK Vallet, JL TI Porcine endometrial haptocorrin: Cloning of a partial cDNA and expression from days 10 to 40 of gestation. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 389 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000435 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Smith, TPL Sonstegard, TS Klemcke, HG Pearson, PL Christenson, RK AF Vallet, JL Smith, TPL Sonstegard, TS Klemcke, HG Pearson, PL Christenson, RK TI Porcine endometrial folate binding proteins: Cloning of putative secreted and membrane-bound forms and expression of each form during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1998 VL 58 SU 1 MA 458 BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX708 UT WOS:000074546000504 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Kattesh, HG Vallet, JL Roberts, MP McGuire, WJ Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG Kattesh, HG Vallet, JL Roberts, MP McGuire, WJ Christenson, RK TI Intrauterine cortisol, aldosterone, and corticosteroid binding globulin-like activity during early porcine pregnancy and the estrous cycle SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID RIBONUCLEIC-ACID EXPRESSION; UTERINE ENDOMETRIUM; STEROID-HORMONES; MESSENGER-RNA; UTEROFERRIN; PROTEIN; PROGESTERONE; PITUITARY; UTERUS; PLASMA AB Studies were conducted to determine whether the corticosteroids cortisol and aldosterone, and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) were present in the porcine early-embryonic environment. Cortisol was measured in uterine flushings from white crossbred gifts at Days 7, 10, 13, and 16 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy Total content of cortisol increased (p < 0.01) between Days 13 and 16, and immunoreactive CBG (ir-CBG) increased (p < 0.01) between Days 10 and 13, in both cyclic and pregnant gifts, In a separate study with Chinese Meishan gilts, total cortisol and aldosterone content of uterine flushings increased (p < 0.02) between Days 10 and 15 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. In another study with white crossbred gifts, CBG-like binding activity in uterine flushings was low at Day 10, then increased over 100-fold at Day 15 (p < 0.01). However, levels of CBG-like binding activity on Day 15 were 100-fold lower than those of ir-CBG measured in the previous study and could bind less than 4% of the uterine luminal cortisol. Differences between ir-CBG and CBG binding might be due to the ability of the CBG antibody to recognize either biologically inactive CBG or structurally similar molecules. CBG-like binding activity, which appeared unrelated to glucocorticoid receptors, was also present in the endometrial cytosol of white crossbred gilts. Concentrations (fmol/mg protein) of endometrial CBG-like activity decreased (p = 0.03) between Days 10 and 25 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy, did not differ with reproductive status, and on Day 15 were comparable to concentrations in uterine flushings but threefold lower (p < 0.01) than those in the serum. Equilibrium dissociation constants for CBG-like binding activities were comparable among the three locations. These studies indicate that corticosteroids are present-primarily in the free form-within the porcine uterine lumen and could influence early porcine conceptus development. Endometrial CBG-iike binding activity could mediate actions of cortisol or progesterone on uterine function. C1 ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Klemcke, HG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 1 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1095/biolreprod58.1.240 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA YM991 UT WOS:000071122200033 PM 9472947 ER PT J AU Raneses, A Hanson, K Shapouri, H AF Raneses, A Hanson, K Shapouri, H TI Economic impacts from shifting cropland use from food to fuel SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass energy production; opportunity cost of switchgrass; farm land-use AB Without the availability of idle cropland, biomass energy crops will have to compete with other crops and pasture land use. In this paper, we investigate: (a) the economic feasibility of using cropland, traditionally used for pasture, hay and other commodity crops, for production of biomass crops to be used as an energy source for electric utilities; (b) the impact of biomass crop production on crop and livestock prices, farm income, and the cost of food to consumers. We find it $1-4 billion demand for biomass crops may result in a 2-12% impact on farm sector prices. This impact warrants further exploration into estimating the opportunity cost for biomass crop production when idle cropland is not available. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Hanson, K (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1998 VL 15 IS 6 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(98)00048-8 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 146HD UT WOS:000077422500001 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR AF Kiniry, JR TI Biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency of honey mesquite and eastern red cedar SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE light interception; leaf area index; Beer's law ID LEAF-AREA; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; SITKA SPRUCE; CONVERSION MODEL; CANOPY STRUCTURE; SHORT-ROTATION; PRODUCTIVITY; POPULUS; STANDS; GROWTH AB Rangeland models that simulate hydrology, soil erosion and nutrient balance can be used to select management systems which maximize profits for producers while they minimize adverse impacts on water quality. Values are needed for parameters that describe the growth of invading woody species in order to allow simulation of their competition with grasses. Three attributes useful for describing and quantifying plant growth are: the potential leaf area index (LAI) or ratio of leaf area divided by ground area; the light extinction coefficient (k) that is used to calculate the fraction of light intercepted by leaves, applying Beer's law; and the radiation-use efficiency (RUE) or amount of dry biomass produced per unit of intercepted light. Objectives in this study were to measure LAI, k, and RUE for eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) and honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var, glandulosa), without competing plants, as a first step toward simulating their growth. Seedlings were planted in the field at Temple, Texas, USA in early 1992 and kept free of competition from herbaceous plants. During 1993, 1994 and 1995 data were collected on biomass, leaf area and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for individual trees. Both tree species showed exponential biomass increases. At the end of the 1995 growing season, mean LAI values were 1.16 for cedar and 1.25 for mesquite. Mean k values were 0.34 for mesquite and 0.37 for cedar. Radiation use efficiency for aboveground biomass was 1.60 +/- 0.17 (mean +/- standard deviation) g per MJ of intercepted PAR for cedar and 1.61 +/- 0.26 for mesquite. The rapid growth in 1995 was accompanied by greater leaf area and thus greater summed intercepted PAR. These values are critical for quantifying growth of these two species. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1998 VL 15 IS 6 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(98)00057-9 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 146HD UT WOS:000077422500006 ER PT J AU Haywood, JD Tiarks, AE Elliott-Smith, ML Pearson, HA AF Haywood, JD Tiarks, AE Elliott-Smith, ML Pearson, HA TI Response of direct seeded Pinus palustris and herbaceous vegetation to fertilization, burning, and pine straw harvesting SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; longleaf pine growth and yield; Pinus palustris Mill.; mulch; herbaceous plant productivity ID MULCH AB Fallen pine straw (needles) is a renewable biological resource Valued as a mulch in horticulture and for landscaping. However, its harvesting may have detrimental long-term effects on forest soils and vegetation. To compare current pine straw harvesting practices, a randomized complete block split-plot study was established during 1990 in a 34-year-old stand of direct-seeded longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) that had been prescribed burned every 3 years since establishment. Practices included no fertilizer or applications of 50 kg ha(-1) N and 56 kg ha(-1) P in both 1991 and 1997 as the main plot treatment. The subplot management practices were prescribed burning and the mechanical baling and removal of straw. Pine straw harvesting eventually removed the forest floor and increased soil bulk density by 1993. The growth of longleaf pine was not significantly affected by treatments over a 5-year period from early 1991 to early 1996. Herbaceous plant productivity was determined in July 1997, and there were shifts in plant dominance associated with treatments. Fertilization increased current-year herbaceous plant biomass by 59% on an oven-dried weight basis. Among management practices, prescribed burning in early 1991, 1994, and 1997, with two annual straw harvests in early 1992 and 1993, resulted in the greatest herbaceous plant yields by July 1997. The lowest yields in 1997 were on plots that were either annually harvested six limes or had been left untreated for over 6 years. Burning every 3 years favored pinehill bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium var, divergens (Hack.) Gould), which is often the dominant grass on longleaf uplands in the West Gulf Coastal Plain of the U.S.A. Raking straw shifts herbaceous plant dominance to other grasses, principally the panicums (Dicanthelium spp. and Panicum spp.). The cessation of management favored bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Heller). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. TVCC, Athens, TX 75751 USA. USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Haywood, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1998 VL 14 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)10029-0 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA ZQ548 UT WOS:000073879100006 ER PT J AU Buhler, DD Netzer, DA Riemenschneider, DE Hartzler, RG AF Buhler, DD Netzer, DA Riemenschneider, DE Hartzler, RG TI Weed management in short rotation poplar and herbaceous perennial crops grown for biofuel production SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE integrated weed management; herbicides; switchgrass; weed control ID SEASON GRASS ESTABLISHMENT; FORAGE GRASSES; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB Weed management is a key element of any crop production system. Weeds are a particular problem in the production of short rotation woody and perennial herbaceous biomass crops due to the shortage of registered herbicides and integrated weed management systems. Herbicides will be an important component of weed management of biomass crops. However, producers should take a broader view of weeds and incorporate all available weed management tactics in these production systems. In both short rotation poplar and herbaceous perennial crops, weed control during the establishment period is most critical. New plantings of these species grow very slowly and do not compete well with weeds until a canopy develops. Effective weed control can double the growth of short rotation poplar crops and affect the variability of the resulting stand. In crops like switchgrass, uncontrolled weeds during establishment can result in stand failure. Cultural practices such as site preparation, using weed-free seed, fallowing, selecting the proper planting dates, companion crops and controlling weeds in previous crops must be combined with herbicides to develop integrated management systems. Weeds may also cause problems in established stands through competition with the biomass crop and by contaminating the product. Effective and economical weed management systems will be essential for the development of short rotation woody and herbaceous perennial biomass crop production systems. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buhler, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 41 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)10075-7 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA ZQ550 UT WOS:000073879300012 ER PT B AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, G BE Kopetz, H Weber, T Palz, W Chartier, P Ferrero, GL TI Cetane numbers, cetane improvement and precombustion of fatty compounds in biodiesel SO BIOMASS FOR ENERGY AND INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference and Technology Exhibition on Biomass for Energy and Industry CY JUN 08-11, 1998 CL WURZBURG, GERMANY ID VEGETABLE-OILS; PRESSURIZED REACTOR; DIESEL FUELS; TRIGLYCERIDES; DEGRADATION AB Biodiesel fuels (vegetable oils and animal fats and their derivatives, especially methyl esters) still pose some technical problems when used as alternative fuels in a diesel engine. One problem is the reduction of exhaust emissions such as NOx to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations. NOx emissions are of particular concern because they are a precursor of ozone, a major component of smog. To solve the emissions problems, several aspects are being evaluated. Additives termed cetane improvers decrease NOx emissions in conventional diesel fuel. Cetane improvers having different effects on various fatty compounds were now identified, thus opening the possibility of tailoring the cetane improver to the predominant fatty compound in a biodiesel fuel. These effects depend on the nature of the cetane improver and structural features of fatty compounds such as number and position of double bonds as well as number of CH2 groups. In some cases, cetane number trends were altered. Compounds formed in the initial phase of fuel injection into the combustion chamber before ignition begins (precombustion phase) were evaluated by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Low cetane numbers of intermediary species formed prior to fuel ignition may be an explanation for differing cetane numbers of fatty compounds. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU CENTRALES AGRAR ROHSTOFF MKT & ENTWICKLUNG NETZWERK PI RIMPAR PA TECHNOL PK 13, D-97222 RIMPAR, GERMANY PY 1998 BP 528 EP 532 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BQ87V UT WOS:000089906600133 ER PT B AU Taylor, F McAloon, AJ Craig, JC AF Taylor, F McAloon, AJ Craig, JC BE Kopetz, H Weber, T Palz, W Chartier, P Ferrero, GL TI Continuous fermentation and stripping SO BIOMASS FOR ENERGY AND INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference and Technology Exhibition on Biomass for Energy and Industry CY JUN 08-11, 1998 CL WURZBURG, GERMANY ID ETHANOL C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Craig, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU CENTRALES AGRAR ROHSTOFF MKT & ENTWICKLUNG NETZWERK PI RIMPAR PA TECHNOL PK 13, D-97222 RIMPAR, GERMANY PY 1998 BP 537 EP 539 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BQ87V UT WOS:000089906600135 ER PT B AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, RO BE Kopetz, H Weber, T Palz, W Chartier, P Ferrero, GL TI Improving the low-temperature operability of biodiesel SO BIOMASS FOR ENERGY AND INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference and Technology Exhibition on Biomass for Energy and Industry CY JUN 08-11, 1998 CL WURZBURG, GERMANY ID CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE; METHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL FUELS AB Biodiesel is an attractive alternative fuel for combustion in diesel engines. Biodiesel provides comparable engine performance while reducing harmful exhaust emissions. However, biodiesel has relatively poor low-temperature Row properties with respect to petroleum middle distillates. This paper examines treatment with cold flow improvers and winterization to improve low-temperature now properties of biodiesel. Results from cloud point (CP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) measurements indicated a linear correlation between these two parameters; that is, CFPP was directly proportional to CP. Given this relationship, results from additive treatment and winterization of biodiesel were compared head-to-head primarily with respect to CP. Although treatment with cold now improvers reduced the pour point of biodiesel, these additives did not greatly affect CP. Similar results were obtained for distillate/biodiesel blends treated with additives. Winterization proved capable of reducing CP of biodiesel to a value comparable to that of conventional diesel. Although winterization significantly reduced resistance to autoxidation, it does not compromise fuel quality of methyl soyate with respect to current standard fuel specifications for biodiesel. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTRALES AGRAR ROHSTOFF MKT & ENTWICKLUNG NETZWERK PI RIMPAR PA TECHNOL PK 13, D-97222 RIMPAR, GERMANY PY 1998 BP 556 EP 559 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BQ87V UT WOS:000089906600140 ER PT J AU Chapin, FS Sala, OE Burke, IC Grime, JP Hooper, DU Lauenroth, WK Lombard, A Mooney, HA Mosier, AR Naeem, S Pacala, SW Roy, J Steffen, WL Tilman, D AF Chapin, FS Sala, OE Burke, IC Grime, JP Hooper, DU Lauenroth, WK Lombard, A Mooney, HA Mosier, AR Naeem, S Pacala, SW Roy, J Steffen, WL Tilman, D TI Ecosystem consequences of changing biodiversity - Experimental evidence and a research agenda for the future SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; GRASSLAND; STABILITY; MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; EXTINCTIONS; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Sheffield, Unit Comparat Plant Ecol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Cape Town, Fitzpatrick Inst, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. CSIRO, Div Wildlife & Ecol, Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia. RP Chapin, FS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fschapin@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009; OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 33 TC 182 Z9 196 U1 8 U2 75 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.2307/1313227 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YM059 UT WOS:000071023800009 ER PT J AU Taylor, F Kurantz, MJ Goldberg, N Craig, JC AF Taylor, F Kurantz, MJ Goldberg, N Craig, JC TI Kinetics of continuous fermentation and stripping of ethanol SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INHIBITION AB A pilot plant consisting of a 30-liter fermenter, and a 10-cm packed column with a blower and condenser to recover ethanol vapors was operated continuously for 185 days. On-line washing of the packing in the column twice weekly with condensed ethanol from the process (approximately 45% v/v) controlled fouling by attached yeast cells. Steady-state glucose consumption rates of up to 800 gh(-1), condensed ethanol production rates of up to 26 Vday, and consistently high ethanol yield of approximately 0.50 gg(-1) glucose were observed. Data from the pilot plant showed that the primary inhibitory effect of ethanol on the steady-state fermenter performance was to decrease the cell yield, while the specific glucose consumption rate was almost unaffected by ethanol concentrations up to 65 gl(-1). A new kinetic model is introduced to represent these effects. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Taylor, F (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1023/A:1005339415979 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YQ351 UT WOS:000071377000016 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP Vasilatos-Younken, R AF Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP Vasilatos-Younken, R TI Further studies on carry-over effects of dietary crude protein and triiodothyronine (T-3) in broiler chickens SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lipogenesis; dietary protein; triiodothyronine ID GROWTH-HORMONE; THYROID-HORMONES; SOMATOMEDIN-C; IGF-I; PLASMA; INSULIN; LIPOGENESIS; METABOLISM; COCKERELS; INCREASES AB Indian River male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 d of age were fed on diets containing either 120 or 210 g crude protein and 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T-3)/kg diet to study in vitro lipogenesis (IVL). In addition, a carry-over period (180 g crude protein/kg diet from 28 to 40 d of age) was used to test the persistence of prior treatment effects. The higher protein level increased, but T-3 decreased (P < 0.01) growth and feed consumption at 28 d of age. The lower protein level increased (P < 0.05) and T-3 decreased IVL in 28-d-old chickens. These effects were only sustained for 6 d following the switch to a common diet at 28 d. IVL at 40 d of age was not affected by either crude protein or T-3 fed during the 7-28 d period. The higher protein level increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 during the period from 7 to 28 d; however, this effect lasted for only 6 d following the switch to a common diet. Plasma growth hormone (GH) at 28 d of age was inversely related to dietary protein level. Changing to a common level of crude protein did not change plasma GH values at 12 d, indicating that the nutritional state of the young chicken may affect GH at a later period of life. Metabolic changes noted in this study were rapid and maintained for a short period of time following the feeding of a common diet. C1 ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1079/BJN19980012 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YW204 UT WOS:000071908900009 PM 9505806 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT McRoberts, R Rogers, LL AF Brooks, RT McRoberts, R Rogers, LL TI Predictive relationships between age and size and front-foot pad width of northeastern Minnesota black bears, Ursus americanus SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Black Bears; Ursus americanus; pad width; body length; weight; skull width AB Front-foot pad width, age, body length, weight, and skull width were measured on 139 Black Bears (Ursus americanus) from northeastern Minnesota. We developed regression models using these data to predict body length, weight, and skull width from pad width measurements. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 112 IS 1 BP 82 EP 85 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZC192 UT WOS:000072550400010 ER PT J AU Kinloch, BB Westfall, RD White, EE Gitzendanner, MA Dupper, GE Foord, BM Hodgskiss, PD AF Kinloch, BB Westfall, RD White, EE Gitzendanner, MA Dupper, GE Foord, BM Hodgskiss, PD TI Genetics of Cronartium ribicola. IV. Population structure in western North America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE white pine blister rust; isozymes; RAPDs; RFLPs; multivariate analysis; genetic drift ID PINE BLISTER RUST; PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS AB Population genetic parameters were estimated for six populations of Cronartium ribicola in western North America from British Columbia to the southern Sierra Nevada, and two outgroups from eastern North America, using isozyme, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers on cultured haploid clones. Diversity was low, with only 8% polymorphism in the 212 markers identified. Each polymorphic locus had only two alleles, except for an RFLP marker in the ribosomal DNA complex with multiple alleles, that resulted from variable numbers of tandem repeats. Expected heterozygosity within populations, estimated from diploid teliospores, was only 0.025. The three types of markers were highly consistent with each other for these parameters. Yet, populations were highly differentiated; the proportion of the total variation attributable to differences among populations was 0.205. Multivariate statistical analysis as well as different clustering algorithms based on contrasting evolutionary assumptions (drift, mutation) all showed similar relationships and differences among populations. Genetic distances were not associated with geographic distances; western populations within a few kilometres of each other were often more distant from each other genetically than they were from eastern populations across the continent. The lack of pattern over the landscape of this metapopulation is consistent with aspects of the life cycle and epidemiological behavior of the pathogen, in which genetic drift appears to play a major role. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. RP Kinloch, BB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM bbk@s27w007.pswfs.gov OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322; Gitzendanner, Matthew/0000-0002-7078-4336 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZG614 UT WOS:000073021500010 ER PT J AU Mather, ME Parrish, DL Folt, CL DeGraaf, RM AF Mather, ME Parrish, DL Folt, CL DeGraaf, RM TI Integrating across scales: effectively applying science for the successful conservation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Integrating Across Scales - Predicting Patterns of Change in Atlantic Salmon CY MAR, 1997 CL BRAEMAR, SCOTLAND AB Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an excellent species on which to focus synthetic, integrative investigations because it is an economically important species that captures the public imagination, is heavily impacted by humans, uses several ecosystems over its life, and is the subject of a large body of extant literature. The following 24 papers were solicited to provide the biological basis for effective and innovative approaches that biologists, managers, and social scientists can use to develop policies that sustain Atlantic salmon and related species. Together these papers highlight the need for and benefits of (a) synthesizing within populations, (b) choosing the appropriate scale, (c) comparing across populations using rigorous, focused, question-oriented methods, (d) integrating across disciplines, (e) incorporating the human perspective, (f) linking multiple ecosystems, and (g) applied problem solving. To show how Atlantic salmon can guide research and conservation efforts for other species in other systems, we review the justification for the supplement and summarize the defining concepts that emerge from the volume. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, BRD Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, BRD, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, BRD Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1998 VL 55 SU 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187RT UT WOS:000079802300001 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JL AF Nielsen, JL TI Population genetics and the conservation and management of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Integrating Across Scales - Predicting Patterns of Change in Atlantic Salmon CY MAR, 1997 CL BRAEMAR, SCOTLAND ID MICROSATELLITE ALLELE FREQUENCIES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; STEPWISE MUTATION MODEL; NORTH-AMERICAN; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; EUROPEAN POPULATIONS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PROTEIN VARIATION; CHINOOK SALMON AB Molecular genetics provides data with temporal and spatial scales unavailable from other disciplines. Patterns of genetic diversity are influenced by adaptive, environmental, and stochastic factors. The rate of change in genetic markers allows investigations of diversity on temporal scales resulting from recent history (hundreds of years) to deep evolutionary time (millions of years). Cryptic spatial population structure is often revealed by molecular markers. Phylogeographic analysis of genes within populations can unite demographics with glaciation, uplift, climatic shifts, or major floods. Historically, the application of genetic markers has been largely limited to analyses of gene frequencies and patterns of diversity. The consequences of genetic rarity are controversial in relationship to endangerment or patterns of extinction. However, it is widely recognized that genes reflect a species' evolutionary past and represent the raw material underlying the diversity of biological expression throughout a species' range. DNA provides the architecture necessary for a species' adaptation and future survival. Conservation of this evolutionary legacy is important considering anthropomorphic manipulation of a species and the environment upon which it depends. In this paper I investigate evolution and genetic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) based on the current literature. I further discuss conservation and restoration questions using molecular markers. C1 Stanford Univ, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv,Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv,Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 119 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1998 VL 55 SU 1 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1139/cjfas-55-S1-145 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187RT UT WOS:000079802300011 ER PT J AU Parrish, DL Behnke, RJ Gephard, SR McCormick, SD Reeves, GH AF Parrish, DL Behnke, RJ Gephard, SR McCormick, SD Reeves, GH TI Why aren't there more Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Integrating Across Scales - Predicting Patterns of Change in Atlantic Salmon CY MAR, 1997 CL BRAEMAR, SCOTLAND AB Numbers of wild anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have declined demonstrably throughout their native range. The current status of runs on rivers historically supporting salmon indicate widespread declines and extirpations in Europe and North America primarily in southern portions of the range. Many of these declines or extirpations can be attributed to the construction of mainstem darns, pollution (including acid rain), and total dewatering of streams. Purported effects on declines during the 1960s through the 1990s include overfishing, and more recently, changing ocean conditions, and intensive aquaculture. Most factors affecting salmon numbers do not act singly, but rather in concert, which masks the relative contribution of each factor. Salmon researchers and managers should not look for a single culprit in declining numbers of salmon, but rather, seek solutions through rigorous data gathering and testing of multiple effects integrated across space and time. C1 Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Div Fisheries, Old Lyme, CT 06371 USA. USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Parrish, DL (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 28 TC 217 Z9 220 U1 9 U2 47 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1998 VL 55 SU 1 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1139/cjfas-55-S1-281 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187RT UT WOS:000079802300021 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JD Grant, JWA Forsgren, HL Fausch, KD DeGraaf, RM Fleming, IA Prowse, TD Schlosser, IJ AF Armstrong, JD Grant, JWA Forsgren, HL Fausch, KD DeGraaf, RM Fleming, IA Prowse, TD Schlosser, IJ TI The application of science to the management of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): integration across scales SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Integrating Across Scales - Predicting Patterns of Change in Atlantic Salmon CY MAR, 1997 CL BRAEMAR, SCOTLAND ID TERRITORY SIZE; HABITAT; STRATEGIES; FISHES; CONSERVATION; STREAMS; RESTORATION; WINTER; GROWTH; TROUT AB The need for integration across spatial and temporal scales in applying science to the management of Atlantic salmon is considered. The factors that are currently believed to affect the production of anadromous adult Atlantic salmon (synthesized from recent reviews) are arranged in a hierarchy in which any given process overrides those processes at lower levels. There is not a good correlation between levels in the process hierarchy and levels in hierarchies of scale. This demonstrates the importance of integrating across scales in identifying the optimum foci for targeting management action. It is not possible to generalize on the need for integration across scales within management plans. This is because of the complex ecology of salmon, the broad range of characteristics of the systems of which they are a part, and the fact that both local scale and broad scale management can have broad scale effects. Many uncertainties remain regarding the large-scale components of the ecology of salmon, the way that small-scale mechanisms interact with life histories, and the way that different factors interact to limit production of fish. When more is understood of these processes, it is likely that generalized rules might be developed to predict the management requirements for stream systems. In the meantime, it is essential that there is good integration among managers working at different scales and it is important that management systems operating at all spatial scales include high-calibre expertise to compensate for the present paucity of general rules. C1 Freshwater Fisheries Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Perth, Scotland. Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Massachusetts, NE Forest Expt Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7005 Trondheim, Norway. Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Inst, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Armstrong, JD (reprint author), Freshwater Fisheries Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Perth, Scotland. RI Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012; Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1998 VL 55 SU 1 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1139/cjfas-55-S1-303 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187RT UT WOS:000079802300023 ER PT J AU Dodson, JJ Gibson, RJ Cunjak, RA Friedland, KD de Leaniz, CG Gross, MR Newbury, R Nielsen, JL Power, ME Roy, S AF Dodson, JJ Gibson, RJ Cunjak, RA Friedland, KD de Leaniz, CG Gross, MR Newbury, R Nielsen, JL Power, ME Roy, S TI Elements in the development of conservation plans for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Integrating Across Scales - Predicting Patterns of Change in Atlantic Salmon CY MAR, 1997 CL BRAEMAR, SCOTLAND ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PACIFIC SALMON; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; CARRYING-CAPACITY; ALLELE FREQUENCY; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; EXTINCTION; SELECTION; HATCHERY AB This paper examines two areas to be considered in developing conservation plans for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): goal statements and the general framework for the: implementation of a conservation plan. From a biological perspective, the appropriate conservation unit for Atlantic salmon is the Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). As conservation decisions will rarely be based solely on biological information, the Operational Conservation Unit (OCU) is defined as resulting from the interplay between biological requirements and socio-economic issues. A multi-scale habitat inventory of Atlantic salmon rivers to know what their status is relative to historical conditions is the first step in a functional conservation plan. The viability of salmon populations may be assessed according to 6 variables: abundance, resilience, age and size structure, sex ratio, spatial and geographical distribution. A genetically viable population possesses the species' evolutionary legacy and the genetic variation on which future evolutionary potential depends. Four factors important to monitoring changes in a population's genetic health are genetic diversity, effective population size, genetic bottlenecks and founder effects and gene flow. Implementation of a conservation plan must be proactive to maintain the quality of the OCUs. Commercial and recreational fisheries need to be limited and several case studies are reviewed. The importance of avoiding the introduction of exotics and minimizing the impact of sampling methodology, as well as the pitfalls of plantings eggs, fry, or parr, are addressed. Finally, the importance of fostering public awareness of the value of conservation is essential to apply the political pressure necessary to preserve natural resources. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Biol, CIRSA, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Servico Monts, Santander 39071, Spain. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. Newbury Hydraul, Gibsons Landing, BC V0N 1V0, Canada. Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rutland, VT 05701 USA. RP Dodson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, CIRSA, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RI Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/B-4396-2011 OI Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/0000-0003-1650-2729 NR 69 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1998 VL 55 SU 1 BP 312 EP 323 DI 10.1139/cjfas-55-S1-312 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 187RT UT WOS:000079802300024 ER PT J AU Sachs, DL Sollins, P Cohen, WB AF Sachs, DL Sollins, P Cohen, WB TI Detecting landscape changes in the interior of British Columbia from 1975 to 1992 using satellite imagery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PATTERNS; OREGON; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; OWNERSHIP AB To consider the regional scale effects of forest management requires complete and consistent data over large areas. We used Landsat Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner (TM and MSS) imagery to map forest cover and detect major disturbances between 1975 and 1992 for a 4.2 x 10(6) ha area of interior British Columbia. Forested pixels were mapped into closed conifer, semiopen conifer, deciduous, and mixed forest classes, with further subdivision of the closed conifer type into three age-classes. The image-based estimate of harvested area was similar to an independent estimate from forest inventory data. Changes in landscape pattern from 1975 to 1992 were examined by calculating indices that describe overall landscape pattern and that of conifer and harvested patches in each biogeoclimatic zone. Harvesting affected 8.4% of the forest area outside provincial parks during the 17-year period. Harvested areas were consistently much smaller than conifer patches in all biogeoclimatic zones and had a lower percentage of interior area and perimeter/area ratio. Conifer patch-shape complexity varied between zones; harvested patches had simpler shapes and were similar in all zones. Results indicate that this landscape is only in the early stages of fragmentation, but a similar harvest pattern has been imposed on differing ecological zones. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forest Sci Lab 020, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sachs, DL (reprint author), 335 Victoria St, Kamloops, BC V2C 2A3, Canada. EM donsachs@wkpowerlink.com NR 57 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-1-23 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZE311 UT WOS:000072779900003 ER PT J AU Stelzer, HE Foster, GS Shaw, V McRae, JB AF Stelzer, HE Foster, GS Shaw, V McRae, JB TI Ten-year growth comparison between rooted cuttings and seedlings of loblolly pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN WHITE-PINE; AGE AB Rooted cuttings and seedlings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were established in a central Alabama field trial. Five, full-sib families, with an average number of six clones per family, were evaluated. Mean cutting/seedling height ratios revealed that despite initial differences in size, relative growth rates of both propagule types stabilized and were equal by age 7 years. Through age 10 years, results show virtually no difference in height, diameter at breast height, volume, or stem taper between the rooted cuttings and seedlings. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Int Forest Co, Odenville, AL 35120 USA. RP Stelzer, HE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, POB 1387, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-1-69 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZE311 UT WOS:000072779900007 ER PT J AU Scott, W Meade, R Leon, R Hyink, D Miller, R AF Scott, W Meade, R Leon, R Hyink, D Miller, R TI Planting density and tree-size relations in coast Douglas-fir SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COMPETITION AB Test plantations were established in western Washington and Oregon to compare tree growth at six initial planting densities ranging from 300 to 2960 trees/ha (120 to 1200/acre). A size-density relation was visually apparent 3 to 4 years after planting. Inventory data from the oldest 11 trials (5 or 6 years after planting) showed that initial spacing strongly influenced early growth of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France var. menziesii). Average height and diameter at breast height were progressively larger as planting density increased; at the widest spacing (lowest stand density), average height was 75% and average diameter at breast height was 67% of that at the closest spacing. We have no firm explanation for the early faster tree growth at close spacings. Trees planted at 2960 trees/ha (1200 trees/acre) attained breast height (1.3 m) 2 years earlier than trees planted at a density of 300/ha (120/acre). This finding has practical significance to current efforts to achieve early establishment of plantations. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Tacoma, WA 98477 USA. RP Miller, R (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-1-74 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZE311 UT WOS:000072779900008 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH Genovese, K Moyes, RB Stanker, LH AF Kogut, MH Genovese, K Moyes, RB Stanker, LH TI Evaluation of oral, subcutaneous, and nasal administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines on the potentiation of a protective heterophilic inflammatory response to Salmonella enteritidis in day-old chickens SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; LEGHORN CHICKS; CYTOKINES; RESISTANCE; ACTIVATION AB We have previously reported that the prophylactic administration of factor(s) from T-cell supernatants derived from Salmonella enteritidis-immune chickens (ILK) have a favorable effect in controlling or eliminating salmonellosis in neonatal poultry. Experimentally, we have used the intraperitoneal injection as the standard method of administering ILK to neonatal poultry. However, this method is neither easy, practical, nor economical for the poultry industry. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral (PO), intranasal (IN), and subcutaneous (SC) administration of ILK for ease of delivery, induction of protective resistance against Salmonella enteritidis (Se) organ invasion, and the ability to activate peripheral blood heterophils in day-old chickens. In the first experiments, delivery of ILK PO, IN, and SC significantly (P < 0.01) increased the resistance of day-old chickens to Se organ invasion. The level of protection was equivalent to that induced by the IP route. Administration of a comparable protein control (bovine serum albumin, BSA) by the 3 routes induced no protective effect against Se organ invasion. Likewise, a significant increase was found in the number of circulating heterophils within 4 h of administration of the ILK by all routes. In the 2nd experiment, the function of the heterophils from ILK-treated birds was compared with that of the control cells in adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis assays. The heterophils from birds given ILK IF, SC, PO, or IN had significantly (P < 0.01) increased functional activities when compared to the activities of the heterophils from the control birds. These studies indicate that the delivery of ILK either orally or parenterally, routes which can be used by the poultry industry, can confer protection to chickens against a localized enteric Se organ invasion by potentiating the systemic heterophilic innate response. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, Route 5, College Stn, TX USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YP461 UT WOS:000071279100005 PM 9442936 ER PT J AU Stanford, K Brogden, KA McClelland, LA Kozub, GC Audibert, F AF Stanford, K Brogden, KA McClelland, LA Kozub, GC Audibert, F TI The incidence of gaseous lymphadenitis in Alberta sheep and assessment of impact by vaccination with commercial and experimental vaccines SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS WHOLE-CELL; OVINE CASEOUS-LYMPHADENITIS; THIN EWE SYNDROME; CORYNEBACTERIUM-PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; MURAMYL DIPEPTIDE; GOAT FLOCKS; LAMBS; ABSCESSES; ANTIBODY; EFFICACY AB In Alberta, caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is one of the leading causes of lamb and mutton carcass condemnation. In this study, serologic results confirmed a high (50-94%) incidence of exposure to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the causative agent of CLA, in mature, unvaccinated sheep in southern Alberta. To assess the efficacy and impact of vaccination with 2 commercial (Glanvac-6 and Case-Vac) and 1 experimental (WC + MDP-GDP) CLA vaccines, a series of 3 field trials in 3249 ewes and lambs was conducted in affected flocks from 1992-1996. Efficacy was assessed from the serological response to vaccination, prevalence and size of injection site reactions by treatment, and the incidence of CLA abscesses. Overall, agglutinating antibody titres to C. pseudotuberculosis in lambs vaccinated with WC + MDP - GDP and Case-Vac remained significantly elevated above nonvaccinated control lambs for the 12 mo period after the initial vaccination. Lambs vaccinated with the WC + MDP - GDP maintained higher titres (P < 0.06) than those vaccinated with Case-Vac for the period from 6 to 12 mo after vaccination. Agglutinating antibody titres for lambs vaccinated with Glanvac did not differ from those of controls at any point during the 12 mo period after vaccination. The number of injection site reactions was elevated in lambs vaccinated with Glanvac as compared to those vaccinated with WC + MDP - GDP but the size of injection site reactions did not significantly differ. Sheep vaccinated with WC + MDP - GDP also had a reduced incidence of putative CLA abscesses, although confirmation of the presence of C. pseudotuberculosis was only successful in a small number of instances. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Alberta Dept Agr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4C7, Canada. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. VACSYN SA, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YP461 UT WOS:000071279100007 PM 9442938 ER PT J AU Papp, JR Shewen, PE Thorn, CE Andersen, AA AF Papp, JR Shewen, PE Thorn, CE Andersen, AA TI Immunocytologic detection of Chlamydia psittaci from cervical and vaginal samples of chronically infected ewes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID ENZOOTIC ABORTION; SHEEP AB An immunocytologic method was developed for the detection of chronic Chlamydia psittaci infection from the reproductive tract of ewes. Vaginal and cervical samples from 8 infected and 2 non-infected ewes were stained with a C. psittaci-specific monoclonal antibody. Cells containing C. psittaci were only detected from the 8 infected ewes and the level of detection varied with respect to the estrus cycle. An increased number of infected cells were observed during the periovulation period, thus indicating an optimal window for detection. C1 Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Papp, JR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YP461 UT WOS:000071279100013 PM 9442944 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, DK Noon, BR Megahan, JW Meslow, EC AF Rosenberg, DK Noon, BR Megahan, JW Meslow, EC TI Compensatory behavior of Ensatina eschscholtzii in biological corridors: a field experiment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID EUPHYDRYAS-EDITHA-BAYENSIS; MOVEMENT CORRIDORS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HABITAT CORRIDORS; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL; LANDSCAPE; COLONIZATION; SALAMANDER AB Despite the general lack of theoretical or empirical support, biological corridors are assumed to mitigate the detrimental effects of habitat fragmentation by increasing landscape connectivity. To test the hypothesis that mechanisms which affect immigration rates from a source to a target patch are affected by the presence of a corridor in an otherwise unsuitable matrix, we created two strongly contrasting pathways in replicated field experiments. One pathway type included only bare mineral soil, the other included a potential corridor. We conducted these experiments with Ensatina eschscholtzii, a salamander in the family Plethodontidae. Pathways with surface organic material removed provided a harsh environment for E. eschscholtzii, which was reflected by lower selection, shorter residency time, and higher movement rates than on pathways that contained vegetation (corridor pathways). However, the numbers off. eschscholtzii reaching target patches connected by corridor pathways were greater than those reaching target patches connected by bare pathways only in plots in which the matrix environment seemed most severe. Our results suggest that identifying candidate corridor areas on conservation maps might be difficult because animals may show compensatory behavioral responses to different types of habitat separating source and target patches. We argue that knowledge of a species' habitat-specific dispersal behaviors is critical to reliably designating corridors as functional components of reserve design. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Rosenberg, DK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Dan.Rosenberg@ccmail.orst.edu NR 85 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1 BP 117 EP 133 DI 10.1139/cjz-76-1-117 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ZB878 UT WOS:000072517100017 ER PT J AU Kim, JM Araki, S Kim, DJ Park, CB Takasuka, N Baba-Toriyama, H Ota, T Nir, Z Khachik, F Shimidzu, N Tanaka, Y Osawa, T Uraji, T Murakoshi, M Nishino, H Tsuda, H AF Kim, JM Araki, S Kim, DJ Park, CB Takasuka, N Baba-Toriyama, H Ota, T Nir, Z Khachik, F Shimidzu, N Tanaka, Y Osawa, T Uraji, T Murakoshi, M Nishino, H Tsuda, H TI Chemopreventive effects of carotenoids and curcumins on mouse colon carcinogenesis after 1,2-dimethylhydrazine initiation SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; CELL-PROLIFERATION; DIETARY CURCUMIN; RAT COLON; BETA-CAROTENE; NATURAL CAROTENOIDS; ALPHA-CAROTENE; MURINE COLON; VITAMIN-E; CANCER AB The present study was carried out to examine the chemopreventive effects of carotenoids such as fucoxanthin, lycopene and lutein as well as curcumin and its derivative, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), on development of putative preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colons of mice initiated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH). Influence on proliferation of colonic crypt epithelial cells was also assessed in terms of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, Five-meek-old B6C3F(1) male mice were divided into three groups, groups 1 and 2 being given DMH (20 mg/kg body wt, s.c.) twice a meek for 3 weeks, Animals of group 1 were then treated with one of the test compounds, lycopene (0.005% and 0.0025%) or fucoxanthin (0.01%) in the drinking water and lutein (0.05%), curcumin (0.5%) or THC (0.5% and 0.2%) in the diet from weeks 5-12, Group 2 served as a carcinogen alone control and group 3 mice were given test compounds alone, All animals were killed at meek 12, Numbers of ACF/mouse in the group I treated with fucoxanthin(47.1 +/- 13.7), lutein (42.6 +/- 19.6) or 0.5% THC (46.6 +/- 17.7) were significantly decreased as compared to the control group 2 value (63.3 +/- 19.4) (P < 0.01), Numbers of aberrant crypts (ACs)/mouse were also significantly lower after treatment with lutein (79.9 +/- 34.7) or 0.5% THC (81.8 +/- 32.5) than in the control group (115.1 +/- 37.1) (P < 0.01), BrdU labeling indices (LI) in mice treated with lutein and 0.5% THC were significantly decreased in both upper and lower half compartments of colonic crypts as compared to the controls (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively), especially the upper half data corresponding to reduction of ACs/mouse, The results thus suggest that fucoxanthin, lutein, and THC may have potential as chemopreventive agents against colon carcinogenesis. C1 Natl Canc Ctr, Res Inst, Chemotherapy Div, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 104, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo 113, Japan. LycoRed Nat Prod Ind Ltd, IL-84102 Beer Sheva, Israel. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Cent Res Lab, Tokyo, Japan. Kagoshima Univ, Fac Fisheries, Kagoshima 890, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Appl Biol Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Nikken Fine Chem Co Ltd, Aichi 478, Japan. Lion Corp, Edogawa Ku, Tokyo 132, Japan. Kyoto Prefectural Univ Med, Dept Biochem, Kyoto 602, Japan. RP Tsuda, H (reprint author), Natl Canc Ctr, Res Inst, Chemotherapy Div, Chuo Ku, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo 104, Japan. EM htsuda@gan2.res.ncc.go.jp RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 45 TC 177 Z9 180 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 EI 1460-2180 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JAN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1093/carcin/19.1.81 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YV095 UT WOS:000071789100010 PM 9472697 ER PT J AU Kasarda, DD Woodard, KM Adalsteins, AE AF Kasarda, DD Woodard, KM Adalsteins, AE TI Resolution of high molecular weight glutenin subunits by a new SDS-PAGE system incorporating a neutral pH buffer SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kasarda, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 6 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.1.70 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YU027 UT WOS:000071672500011 ER PT J AU Bean, SR Lookhart, GL AF Bean, SR Lookhart, GL TI Influence of salts and aggregation of gluten proteins on reduction and extraction of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; DOUGH PROPERTIES; FLOUR; ACID; CHLORIDE AB High-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) of wheat were extracted by various combinations of reducing agents, salt solutions, and solvents. Preferential extraction of 1D-encoded HMW-GS occurred when flours were extracted with Tris-HCl SDS buffer at pH 6.8 containing 6% mercaptoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (MESNA) and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Similar effects were also found when dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol were used in conjunction with nonchaotropic salts. If flours were first extracted with 50% 1-propanol, the extraction procedure yielded all HMW-GS, even in the presence of MESNA or high levels of salts. Addition of alcohols or chaotropes to the Tris buffer solutions containing MESNA or of solutions containing salt also extracted all HMW-GS. The HMW-GS reported most important in baking quality were found preferentially extracted by nonchaotropic salts and reducing agents. This is related to gluten aggregation and the gliadin-glutenin interaction and structure. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lookhart, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.1.75 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YU027 UT WOS:000071672500013 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE AF Dowell, FE TI Automated color classification of single wheat kernels using visible and near-infrared reflectance SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISCRIMINATION AB Modification of an existing single kernel wheat characterization system allowed collection of visible and near-infrared (NTR) reflectance spectra (450-1,688 nm) at a rate of 1 kernel/4 sec. The spectral information was used to classify red and white wheats in an attempt to remove subjectivity from class determinations. Calibration, validation, and pre diction results showed that calibrations using partial least squares regression and derived from the full wavelength profile correctly classed more kernels than either the visible region (450-700 nm) or the NIR region (700-1,688 nm). Most results showed >99% correct classification for single kernels when using the visible and NIR regions. Averaging of single kernel classifications resulted in 100% correct classification of bulk samples. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 13 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 142 EP 144 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.1.142 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YU027 UT WOS:000071672500024 ER PT J AU Ohm, JB Chung, OK Deyoe, CW AF Ohm, JB Chung, OK Deyoe, CW TI Single-kernel characteristics of hard winter wheats in relation to milling and baking quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM; STARCH AB To investigate relationships of wheat single kernel (SK) characteristics with end-use properties, we used 12 hard winter wheat cultivars harvested at six regions in Kansas in 1993. Significant positive correlations occurred among wheat hardness parameters including near-infrared reflectance hardness score, SK hardness index (SK-HI), and SK peak force (SK-PF) obtained by the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS). The SKCS characteristics also were significantly correlated to conventional wheat quality parameters such as test weight, kernel density, and kernel sizing. Flour yields were significantly correlated with SK-PE SK-HI, and SK weight (SK-WT), suggesting the usefulness of SKCS in evaluating milling quality. The negative correlation of milling score with the standard deviation of SK-HI and SK-PF indicated that uniformity of SK hardness is desirable for good milling performance. However, bread loaf volumes had significant negative correlations with SK diameter and SK-WT, mainly due to the inverse relationship between wheat protein contents and kernel weights or sizes. Loaf volume regression values, the changes in loaf volumes per one percentage point of flour protein, also had significant negative correlations with SK-HI, SK-PF, and SK-WT. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chung, OK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 41 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.1.156 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YU027 UT WOS:000071672500028 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Hansen, LE Rahman, S Hill, A Skerritt, JH AF Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Hansen, LE Rahman, S Hill, A Skerritt, JH TI Identification and characterization of US wheats carrying null alleles at the wx loci SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMMON WHEAT; AMYLOSE CONTENT; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; CULTIVARS; STARCH; MAIZE; GENE AB Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose in amyloplasts of cereal endosperm cells. Bread wheats, due to their hexaploid genetic system, carry three genes (wx loci) encoding GBSS. Purification and separation of GBSS from more than 200 North American hexaploid wheats allowed the identification of genotypes that carry null alleles at either the wx-Al and wx-Bl loci. In addition, the cultivar Ike carried both wx-Al and wx-Bl null alleles. No wx-Dl nulls were detected. Null alleles were found in 10% of the hard winter wheats tested, but in only 2% of the sampled soft winter wheats. Amylose contents of wheats carrying single null alleles at either the wx-Al or rr?x-BI loci often were lower than those of wild type wheats, but greater reduction in amylose content was observed in Ike. Monoclonal antibodies were used to quantify water-extractable GBSS in both wild-type and null genotypes. Gene dosage compensation was evident, although GBSS content, as measured by ELISA, was significantly lower in Ike than in all other wheats. The identification of null alleles in adapted genotypes suggests the development of wheats with a wide range of amylose contents will be possible by simple genetic crossing and selection. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. CSIRO, Div Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 12 TC 63 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 162 EP 165 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.1.162 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YU027 UT WOS:000071672500029 ER PT J AU Chung, OYK Steele, JL AF Chung, OYK Steele, JL TI The International Wheat Quality Conference SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, GMPRC, NPA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Chung, OYK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, GMPRC, NPA, 1415 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YT603 UT WOS:000071623600007 ER PT J AU Hang, A Burton, CS Jones, BL Hoffman, DL AF Hang, A Burton, CS Jones, BL Hoffman, DL TI Analysis of DNA from a single barley embryo by the DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE barley; embryo; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); random-amplified polymorphic DNA; primer ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RAPD MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; REGISTRATION; GENOTYPES; HORDEIN AB This study was conducted to investigate whether DNA extracted from a single barley embryo is suitable for conducting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. We extracted DNA from one-seed and five-seed samples of four barley cultivars, 'Bowman', 'Colter', 'Crystal', and 'Russell'. Six random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and one sequence-tagged-site (STS) primer pair were tested for DNA amplification using both Tag DNA polymerase and the Stoffel fragment, which is a modified form of recombinant Tag DNA polymerase. DNA polymorphism was found with the STS primer and five of the RAPD primers. The banding patterns of DNA from one-seed samples were almost identical to those of the five-seed samples. Additional testing of nine barley cultivars was conducted to compare embryo and leaf tissue DNA PCR amplification results. Our tests indicated that DNA extracted from a single embryo is practical for PCR analysis. The technique we utilized is simple, fast, and can be applied to the identification of barley cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Hang, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, POB 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 367 EP 374 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 173LN UT WOS:000078982200002 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, VM TI Senescence and ion and protein concentration in shrunken2 sweet maize inbreds SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; senescence rating; ion concentration; protein concentration; gel electrophoresis ID CORN AB Senescence patterns in stalk internode pith were rated, and concentrations of ions and proteins, and protein profiles in SDS-PAGE gels in internodes 7 and 9 (17, 19) at developmental stages from V9 to R6 were determined in five shrunken2 (sh2) sweet maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds. Senescence in shanks and cobs was rated at R3 and R6. There was no effect due to inbred. Senescence rating increased with plant age. Concentrations of total nitrogen in a Kjeldhal digest, K+, and SO42- decreased with plant age in both years. Generally there were fewer protein bands on SDS-PAGE gels in 1995 than 1996. In 1995, numbers of protein bands at R6 were higher than at V9 or VT for 17 or 19, respectively. In 1996, numbers of bands in 17 and 19 decreased at V9 or VT to R6. Low protein masses averaged 24 kD for all inbreds in both years, and did not fluctuate with developmental stage. In 1995, high protein masses in 17 and 19 increased from V9 or VT through R3 and decreased by R6. In 1996, high protein masses in 17 were lower at R6 than V9, and in 19 were higher at R6 than at V9. There were only occasional instances where ion or protein concentrations were correlated with senescence rating. Results suggest that these inbreds should contribute similar characteristics in crosses. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,Hwy 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1998 VL 26 IS 4 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 173LN UT WOS:000078982200012 ER PT J AU Biely, P Cote, GL Kremnicky, L Greene, RV AF Biely, P Cote, GL Kremnicky, L Greene, RV TI Microbial acetylxylan esterases - Function and mode of action SO CHEMICAL PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVI Biochemical Congress of the Slovak-and-Czech-Society-of-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology CY OCT 12-15, 1998 CL STARA LESNA, SLOVAKIA SP Slovak & Czech Soc Biochem & Molec Biol ID SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84238, Slovakia. ARS, Biopolymer Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Biely, P (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84238, Slovakia. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0366-6352 J9 CHEM PAP JI Chem. Pap. PY 1998 VL 52 SI SI BP 357 EP 357 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 133DT UT WOS:000076671700096 ER PT J AU Judova, J Ow, DW Srivastava V McBride, K Simuth, J AF Judova, J Ow, DW Srivastava, V McBride, K Simuth, J TI Agrotransformation of plants with cDNAs encoding honeybee proteins SO CHEMICAL PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVI Biochemical Congress of the Slovak-and-Czech-Society-of-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology CY OCT 12-15, 1998 CL STARA LESNA, SLOVAKIA SP Slovak & Czech Soc Biochem & Molec Biol ID APIS-MELLIFERA L C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Lab Genet Engn, SK-84236 Bratislava, Slovakia. USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Calgene Inc, LLC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Judova, J (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Lab Genet Engn, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84236 Bratislava, Slovakia. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0366-6352 J9 CHEM PAP JI Chem. Pap. PY 1998 VL 52 SI SI BP 584 EP 584 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 133DT UT WOS:000076671700273 ER PT J AU Weinstock, IA AF Weinstock, IA TI Homogeneous-phase electron-transfer reactions of polyoxometalates SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ALKALI-METAL IONS; CARBON-HYDROGEN BONDS; AQUEOUS ACID-SOLUTION; HIGH-VALENT MANGANESE; H-ATOM TRANSFER; OUTER-SPHERE; HETEROPOLY BLUES; ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY; TETRAHEDRAL COBALT(II); RATE-CONSTANT C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Weinstock, IA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 301 TC 275 Z9 280 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 98 IS 1 BP 113 EP 170 DI 10.1021/cr9703414 PG 58 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YW491 UT WOS:000071941000005 ER PT J AU Isensee, AR Sadeghi, AM Mylavarapu, RS AF Isensee, AR Sadeghi, AM Mylavarapu, RS TI Impact of burn-down herbicides on atrazine washoff from vegetation SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL SOIL; RECEPTION; RAINFALL; RESIDUE; STRAW AB Crop residue and living vegetation in no-till fields can intercept large amounts of the pesticides applied at the time of planting. Previous studies have shown that the type of plant tissue intercepting the pesticide can affect the amount washed off. This report compares the washoff characteristics of two cover crops with dead crop residue before and after treatment with burn-down herbicides. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of burn-down herbicides, paraquat (1, 1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) and glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) on washoff of atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamio)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) from ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). Ryegrass and hairy vetch were treated with paraquat and glyphosate and one or five days later (14)C-atrazine was applied. Ryegrass, hairy vetch and dead crop residue not treated with paraquat and glyphosate were included as controls. One day after application of atrazine, all treatments were subjected to 4.5 to 5 cm of simulated rainfall at 9 mm h(-1), leachate was collected and analyzed for atrazine. Atrazine washoff from hairy vetch, ryegrass and crop residue not treated with glyphosate or paraquat ranged from 29-37%, 43-49% and 70-75%, respectively, of the amount applied. Paraquat was more effective than glyphosate in increasing the amount of atrazine washoff in both ryegrass and hairy vetch. Washoff was increased when the time between application of the burn-down herbicides and atrazine was increased from one to five days, especially for the ryegrass treatments. Results indicate that availability of herbicides applied to no-till cropping systems may be significantly affected by type of vegetation and burn-down herbicide treatment. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Isensee, AR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Environm Chem Lab, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00348-2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YL995 UT WOS:000071016900002 ER PT J AU Guo, WZ Zhang, TZ Pan, JJ Kohel, RJ AF Guo, WZ Zhang, TZ Pan, JJ Kohel, RJ TI Identification of RAPD marker linked with fertility-restoring gene of cytoplasmic male sterile lines in upland cotton SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; upland cotton; fertility-restoring gene; RAPD marker AB Bulked segregant analysis was employed to construct two mixed DNA pools to screen the RAPd marker linked with the fertility-restoring gene(Rf(i)) of upland cotton. A total of 425 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were screened on two DNA pools, bulked made fertile and sterile DNAs isolated from BC3 segregating population of (0-613-2R x Simian No. 3). Three primers produced repeatable polymorphisms between the paired bulks and their parents. DNA was extracted and amplified with these three primers for 92 plants of (Zhong 12A-1x0-613-2R)F-2. Based on the male fertility scoring and RAPD amplification, it is found that one RAPD marker fragment designated OPV-15(300) was linked with the fertility-restoring gene (Rf(1)) with a recombination value of 13.0 +/- 2.57%. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Genet & Breeding Res Lab, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Zhang, TZ (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Genet & Breeding Res Lab, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM cgbrlnau@publicl.ptt.js.cn NR 10 TC 8 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 52 EP 54 DI 10.1007/BF02885512 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZJ154 UT WOS:000073184900012 ER PT J AU King, DT Harrel, JB Dorr, B Reinhold, D AF King, DT Harrel, JB Dorr, B Reinhold, D TI Observations of nocturnal foraging in the Double-crested Cormorant SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Double-crested Cormorant; foraging; Mississippi; nocturnal; Phalacrocorax auritus ID DELTA REGION; MISSISSIPPI AB Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are normally considered a diurnal species. Here we describe cormorants foraging nocturnally in an oxbow lake in Mississippi,. We hale observed this behavior only once during 30 capture attempts over seven years. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Res Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Res Stn, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1998 VL 21 IS 2 BP 234 EP 235 DI 10.2307/1521911 PG 2 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 158XY UT WOS:000078143800013 ER PT J AU King, DT Paulson, JD Leblanc, DJ Bruce, K AF King, DT Paulson, JD Leblanc, DJ Bruce, K TI Two capture techniques for American White Pelicans and Great Blue Herons SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American White Pelican; Ardea herodias; leghold traps; Great Blue Heron; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos AB We describe two techniques for capturing American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), Great Blue Herons (Ardrea herodias), and other lar ge wading birds in aquatic habitats. One technique involved using #3 padded jaw leghold traps modified by replacing both factory coil springs with weaker #1.5 coil springs, to reduce the closing force of the jaws, and replacing the factory chain with a length of aircraft cable and an elastic shock-cord, to minimize injury caused by lunging. The second technique involved using a modified portable rocket net that can be set in shallow water. We captured 142 American White Pelicans and 23 Great Blue Herons using these two techniques. We describe situations Lest suited for the optimum use of each technique. Both methods are humane and cost, labor; and time efficient. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Res Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Res Stn, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 12 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1998 VL 21 IS 2 BP 258 EP 260 DI 10.2307/1521917 PG 3 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 158XY UT WOS:000078143800019 ER PT J AU Glahn, JF Harrel, JB Vyles, C AF Glahn, JF Harrel, JB Vyles, C TI The diet of wintering Double-Crested Cormorants feeding at lakes in the southeastern United States SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Alabama; diet; Double-crested Cormorants; food preferences; Mississippi Delta; Phalacrocorax auritus; predation impact; sport fisheries ID CATFISH INDUSTRY; DELTA REGION; FOOD-HABITS; MISSISSIPPI; POPULATION; PELLETS; IMPACT AB The diet and potential impact of wintering Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on sport fishing were studied during the winters of 1995-96 and 1996-97 at Lake Beulah, Bolivar County, Mississippi, an oxbow lake of the Mississippi River and during the spring of 1997 at Lake Eufaula, a large manmade reservoir on the border of Alabama and Georgia. The diet was determined from analysis of intact fish and otoliths found in the stomachs of 142 cormorants collected at Lake Beulah and 51 cormorants collected at Lake Eufaula. Consistent with previous studies, the diet at both sites consisted primarily of shad (Dorosoma spp.) and sunfishes (Lepomis spp.), but also included catfish (Ictalurus spp.). The catfish in the diet from both areas were most likely taken from nearby catfish ponds. The size of intact fish in the diet averaged 111 mm, but varied with fish species. For the most part, cormorants appeared to consume the fish species most available. However, based on fish availability data from Lake Beulah, cormorants appeared to have a preference for sunfishes, particularly bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). From cormorant bioenergetic projections of bluegill consumed in 1996-97 and the estimated range of bluegill available, cormorants consumed only a small percentage of the bluegill available at Lake Beulah. With the possible exception of their predation on harvestable size bluegill, burgeoning cormorant populations do not appear to have an appreciable negative impact on southern sport fisheries. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Glahn, JF (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Field Stn, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1998 VL 21 IS 3 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.2307/1521657 PG 7 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 203ML UT WOS:000080711400016 ER PT J AU Reinhold, DS Mueller, AJ Ellis, G AF Reinhold, DS Mueller, AJ Ellis, G TI Observations of nesting double-crested cormorants in the Delta region of Mississippi SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Cormorant; Double-crested Cormorant; Mississippi; nesting; Phalacrocorax auritus reproduction AB Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) breed across the northern United States and in Canada. Cormorants have been reported to nest sporadically in the southern United States. The only reported nesting by cormorants in Mississippi was reported in Tunica county near clayton in May 1952. During the 1998 annual Mississippi colonial waterbird survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, four nesting pairs of Double-crested Cormorants were found. Two nesting pairs were located at Lewis Swamp in Coahoma County Mississippi, and two nesting pairs were located at Jones Lake in Warren County, Mississippi. The two nests at Lewis Swamp were removed by an undetermined source within two weeks of their discovery. The nesting colony at Jones Lake increased from two to 31 nests over a four-month observation period. Of the 31 nests, 13 successfully fledged at least one young. Incubation of the first clutch began on 24 April 1998 and all young had fledged by 18 September 1998. If breeding cormorants continue to increase in Mississippi, the agriculture industry may have to contend with cormorant depredation not only as a seasonal occurrence but as a year-round issue. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reinhold, DS (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, POB 316, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1998 VL 21 IS 3 BP 450 EP 451 DI 10.2307/1521660 PG 2 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 203ML UT WOS:000080711400019 ER PT J AU Catchpole, WR Catchpole, EA Butler, BW Rothermel, RC Morris, GA Latham, DJ AF Catchpole, WR Catchpole, EA Butler, BW Rothermel, RC Morris, GA Latham, DJ TI Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bed depth; moisture content; packing ratio; Rothermel model; spread rate; wind tunnel ID AIDED FIRESPREAD; ELEMENTS; ARRAYS AB We describe the results of 357 experimental fires conducted in an environmentally controlled large wind tunnel. The fires were burned over a range of particle sizes, fuel bed depths, packing ratios, moisture contents and windspeeds. We find that spread rate decreases with moisture content in a way which depends on the fuel type and diameter. It decreases as the square root of the packing ratio. Fuel bed depth has little effect on spread rate, and fuel diameter has significant effect only for diameters above 1 mm. The relationship between rate of spread and windspeed is virtually linear. We develop a predictive model for rate of spread based on energy transfer considerations and the laboratory results. Other laboratory-based models for spread rate are compared with our model, and tested against the laboratory data. The other models have forms similar to ours, but do not predict our data well. Our model predicts well the spread rates for fires burned in windspeeds below 3 m/sec in other laboratories. The scale of the experiments and the similarity of the dependence on windspeed to that found in the held indicate that a field model may be developed from the laboratory model with relatively few modifications. C1 Univ New S Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Univ Coll, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Intermt Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Catchpole, EA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Univ Coll, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. NR 34 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 8 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 131 IS 1-6 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1080/00102209808935753 PG 37 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ZT374 UT WOS:000074078700001 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Karmarkar, SV AF Russo, VM Karmarkar, SV TI Water extraction of plant tissues for analysis by ion chromatography SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL METALS AB High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water was evaluated as an alternative extraction reagent to acid extraction of plant tissue. Green and red bell pepper fruit (Capsium annuum var. annuum L.), cultivar Pip; sweet corn internodes (Zea mays L.), cultivar Florida Staysweet; cabbage wrapper leaves (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group), cultivar Solid Blue 770; peach leaves [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], cultivar Coronet; and mixed leaves and stems of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), cultivar Delta Pine 51; or okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench], cultivar Spineless Green Pod were extracted with HPLC-grade water or 5 mM hydrochloric-(HCl), acetic-, or citric-acids. Ashed and fresh ground tissues were used for extraction with HCl. Cations and anions were determined by ion chromatography. In about 95% of occurrences, concentrations of ions in tissues extracted with HPLC-grade water were equal to, or greater than, those extracted with acids. Therefore, extraction of plant tissues with HPLC-grade water is recommended. Fewer waste disposal problems will also occur with water extraction of plant tissues. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Zellweger Analyt, LACHAT Instruments Div, Milwaukee, WI 53218 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,Hwy 3 W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1080/00103629809369943 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZE951 UT WOS:000072847900001 ER PT J AU Zaifnejad, M Ritchey, KD Clark, RB Baligar, VC Martens, DC AF Zaifnejad, M Ritchey, KD Clark, RB Baligar, VC Martens, DC TI Fluidized bed combustion by-product treatment and leaching of acid soil affects growth and boron acquisition of maize SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID FLY-ASH AB Fluidized bed combustion bottom ash (FBCBA) from coal burning power plants often contain substances that detrimentally affect plant growth [(e.g., boron (B))] when applied to soil. Leaf symptoms similar to B toxicity appeared when maize (Zea mays L.) was grown during Year-1 of a field experiment where FBCBA was incorporated (6,790 and 13,580 kg ha(-1)) in an acidic soil (Aquic Hapludult). Soil extractable B increased with increased levels of FBCBA in Year-1 and in Year-2. Although levels in Year-2 were lower than in Year-1 they were still sufficiently high to raise concern about B toxicity. Acquisition of B in leaves of maize grown in Year-1 was relatively high at the 5-leaf stage of growth, and at a normal level in the ear leaf; ear leaf B in Year-1 was greater than ear leaf B in Year-2. Grain and fodder yields of plants grown with added FBCBA were reduced in Year-1, but not in Year-2. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine leachability of B through acidic soil (Typic Hapludult) columns whose surface had been treated with FBCBA at 0, 6, and 12 g kg(-1) soil and leached with different amounts of water (25, 200, and 800 mm). Maize was also grown on the leached soil columns to determine effects of compounds leached from FBCBA on growth and B acquisition in leaves. The application of 800 mm of water reduced soil levels of B, and increased the amount of B leached from the columns. Maize shoot and root dry matter (DM) were enhanced with FBCBA. Increased DM associated with higher FBCBA levels may reflect increased soil pH in this acidic soil. Shoot B concentrations decreased with greater amounts of water used to leach columns. Shoot B concentrations were closely related to levels of B present in the 0-15 cm layer of soil in the column and field experiments. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ritchey, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, POB 400, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1080/00103629809369944 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZE951 UT WOS:000072847900002 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA Persaud, N Baligar, VC AF Elrashidi, MA Persaud, N Baligar, VC TI Effect of fluoride and phosphate on yield and mineral composition of barley grown on three soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOLUBILITY AB In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of fluoride (F) and phosphorus (P) addition on the growth and mineral composition of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied in three different soils, Cahaba sandy loam (acid), Weld loam (neutral), and Haverson silty loam (alkaline calcareous). Four levels off [0, 100, 400, and 1,000 mg kg(-1) soil as hydrogen fluoride (HF)] and three levels of P [50, 150, and 550 mg kg(-1) soil as phosphoric acid (H3PO4)] were used. The effect of P addition on the native soil F and the capacity of soil to sorb added F was investigated. Addition of P released some of the native F from the soil samples that did not receive any F. The amount off released ranged from 0.135 to 1.860 mg kg(-1) soil. The amount of F released from the soils decreased with increasing P addition. Most off added was sorbed by the soil solid phase. The amount off sorbed ranged between 74.0% and 96.3% of the added F. For both the acid and neutral soils, increasing P addition increased F sorption at all F levels. In the case of alkaline soil, however, this effect was only clear at the low F level. The formation of insoluble F minerals may be enhanced by the addition of P to the soils. In the greenhouse experiment, F addition had a negative effect on dry matter yield (DMY) of barley grown on the acid and neutral soil while no effect was observed for the alkaline soil. These results may reflect the effect off addition on the solubility of aluminum (Al) and other metals in the soils. On the other hand, increasing F addition from 50 to 550 mg kg(-1) soil had no clear effect on DMY of plants in the three soils. The study also included the effect of F and P addition on their uptake by plants. Generally, addition of P depressed F uptake by plants grown on the three soils. On the other hand, increasing F addition depressed P uptake for the acid soil while no clear trend was observed for the neutral and alkaline soil. A significant positive effect of F addition on Al uptake was observed for both the acid and neutral soils. A highly significant correlation of 0.87 and 0.60 was obtained between soil extractable F and Al uptake for the acid and neutral soil, respectively. Addition of F to the alkaline soil resulted in minor increases in Al uptake. The effect of P addition, at different levels of F, on Al uptake was investigated for the three soils. For the acid soil, significant decrease in Al uptake was observed only at the highest F level. The effect of P addition on Al uptake was not clear in the other two soils. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 283 DI 10.1080/00103629809369945 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZE951 UT WOS:000072847900003 ER PT J AU Wutscher, HK AF Wutscher, HK TI Soil characteristics of two similarly-fertilized Florida citrus groves with different groundwater nitrate levels SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Groundwater nitrate concentrations remained sharply different at two sites in the central part of the Florida peninsula over a two-year observation period. Nitrogen (N) fertilization patterns, both quantity and application methods, and rainfall were approximately the same at both sites. The soil at the low groundwater nitrate site, at depths of 0 to 120 cm, had a higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) and contained more ammonium acetate-extractable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). It also had a greater organic matter content, contained more clay in the 90 to 120-cm layer and more nitrate in the 1 to 30-cm layer. There was a sharp difference in depth to groundwater. At Site 1 (high nitrate levels) the water table remained steady at 4 m, while at Site 2 (low nitrate levels), it ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 m in the two wells monitored. The aquifer at Site 1 was unconfined, but was confined at Site 2 by increasing clay contents with depth. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Wutscher, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2120 Camden Rd, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1080/00103629809369948 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZE951 UT WOS:000072847900006 ER PT J AU Yakovchenko, VP Sikora, LJ AF Yakovchenko, VP Sikora, LJ TI Modified dichromate method for determining low concentrations of extractable organic carbon in soil SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS-C; FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION; MATTER; CALIBRATION; INCUBATION; FOREST; STRAW AB Fumigation-extraction and rehydration methods for determining soil microbial biomass carbon (C) require analysis of extractable C levels in soils before and after treatment. In soils containing biomass C levels below 300 mg kg(-1) or extractable C levels below 100 mg kg(-1), it may be difficult to determine extractable C concentrations accurately. Classical dichromate oxidation methods measuring reduced chromium (Cr) determine accurately organic C concentrations from 50 to 1,000 mg C L(-1). A method for C analysis for extracts containing less than 25 mg C L(-1) is presented and is based on absorption of oxidized Cr at 340 nm. The calibration curve was linear from 0 to 25 mg C L(-1) and curvilinear above 25 mg C L(-1). Absorption at 590 nm of a similar digest provides a linear relation from 0 to 500 mg C L(-1), but sensitivity was limited in the 0 to 50 mg C L(-1) range. Seven soils were sampled and analyzed for biomass C using fumigation extraction (FE) and rehydration (RHD) techniques and the modified dichromate digestion method. Biomass C content ranged from 110 to 440 mg C kg(-1) soil for FE and 150 to 570 mg C kg(-1) soil for RHD method. Coefficient of variation for analyses were 0.7 to 1.3% which compares favorably to automated methods. The modified method is simple and accurate for soils containing low biomass C or low extractable C levels. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yakovchenko, VP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 421 EP 433 DI 10.1080/00103629809369955 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZE951 UT WOS:000072847900013 ER PT J AU Sloan, JJ Anderson, WB AF Sloan, JJ Anderson, WB TI Influence of calcium chloride and ammonium thiosulfate on bermudagrass uptake of urea nitrogen SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-APPLIED UREA; LIQUID FERTILIZER MIXTURES; CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY; SOLUBLE CALCIUM; VOLATILIZATION CHARACTERISTICS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; HYDROLYSIS; INHIBITOR; LOSSES; PH AB Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) have demonstrated an ability to inhibit urea hydrolysis and NH3 volatilization. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of rainfall and soil drying on the ability of CaCl2 and ATS to increase bermudagrass nitrogen (N) uptake from surface-applied urea. Urea fertilizer, labeled with N-15 and amended with CaCl2 or ATS, was surface-applied to bermudagrass sod-cores from Ships clay (C) and a Lufkin fine sandy loam (fsl) soils. Bermudagrass sod-cores were subjected to either low or high rainfall regimes beginning seven days after fertilizer applications. After one month, bermudagrass was harvested and analyzed for total N and N-15 content. Calcium chloride significantly increased bermudagrass N use efficiency (NUE) of surface applied urea by 33 to 47% on the Lufkin fsl, but had little effect on the Ships c. Apparently, CaCl2 is most effective on coarse textured soil with low cation exchange capacity (CEC). Simulated rainfall had no effect on yield or NUE for the Lufkin fsl, but for the Ships c, bermudagrass yield and NUE generally increased with rainfall. The absence of differences among N treatments on the Ships c suggests that urea hydrolysis and N loss were limited due the combined effects of high soil CEC and rapid daily drying of the sod-core surfaces. Ammonium thiosulfate did not affect bermudagrass yield or NUE for either soil or rainfall regime. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sloan, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 435 EP 446 DI 10.1080/00103629809369956 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZE951 UT WOS:000072847900014 ER PT J AU Bowman, RA AF Bowman, RA TI A reevaluation of the chromic acid colorimetric procedure for soil organic carbon SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Two methods are currently used to measure soil organic carbon (SOC), one based on measuring CO2 evolution after high temperature combustion of the sample and the other on measuring dichromate reduction after organic carbon (OC) oxidation. The former method is the more accurate, but requires correction for soils with free calcium carbonate; the latter uses a hazardous heavy metal, dichromate (Cr 6+), but is easier when done colorimetrically (Cr 3+ measured at 625 nm) and is less expensive. If we could minimize the hazard and health concerns associated with the hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+), which is required in excess for complete SOC oxidation, and assure adequate accuracy, this method may be more acceptable especially where samples are few, and free calcium carbonate may be present. A methodology is presented where the amount of soil sample (0.1 to 0.5 g) and dichromate used in the analysis (2.5 mt of 0.167M dichromate) is small. The unreacted dichromate after analysis, is further reduced with glucose or other carbon (C) source to produce the less toxic Cr 3+, which in small quantities, can be discarded to landfills once properly precipitated and neutralized. Accuracy of the colorimetric procedure when compared to the CN Analyzer was adequate for samples with less than 1.3% SOC [2% soil organic matter (SOM)], amounts typical for cultivated soils of the Central Great Plains. For samples above 1.3% SOC (>2% SOM), accuracy was improved by reducing sample size so 2.0 to 5.5 mg of OC was contained in the sample. C1 USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Bowman, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 400, Akron, CO 80720 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1080/00103629809369961 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZE951 UT WOS:000072847900019 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Follett, RF AF Delgado, JA Follett, RF TI Sap test to determine nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in aboveground biomass of winter cover crops SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PETIOLE SAP; WHEAT; POTATO AB In the San Luis Valley of south central Colorado, winter cover crops (WCC) are used to reduce soil erosion and scavenge residual soil-N. Some San Luis Valley farmers are beginning to use WCC as a source of over-winter or early-spring grazing. Common WCC used by farmers, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) are reported to accumulate high levels of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in aboveground biomass that can be toxic to animals. Evaluation and calibration of a quick Cardy Meter(2) Sap Test (CMST) for determination of NO3--N status in the field will facilitate the management of these WCC. Field and growth chamber studies were conducted to correlate the CMST with laboratory procedures and with plant and soil parameters. In field and growth chamber studies, the CMST was correlated with standard dry tissue NO3--N laboratory analysis (P<.001) and with soil inorganic N content (P<.05). These field and growth chamber studies show that the CMST can be a tool in helping farmers identify fields where WCC aboveground biomass is accumulating potentially toxic levels of NO3--N. Additionally, plant parameters such as nitrogen uptake, biomass, and grain yield of WCC grown under growth chamber conditions were correlated with the CMST readings conducted at the growth stage, Feekes five (P<.05). The growth chamber results suggest that if WCC are grown for grain production, the CMST can help identify the needs for additional nitrogen (N) fertilizer application at Feekes five. C1 ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 5-6 BP 545 EP 559 DI 10.1080/00103629809369966 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZK364 UT WOS:000073313000004 ER PT J AU Sow, AA Hossner, LR Unger, PW Stewart, BA AF Sow, AA Hossner, LR Unger, PW Stewart, BA TI Effects of cultural practices on nitrate in soil and nitrogen in grain sorghum SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE AB Crop residue management influences the soil physical, chemical, and biological environment. Our objective was to examine, in unfertilized rotation systems and a semi-arid environment, the effects of cultural practices on soil nitrate, nitrogen (N) in plant tissue, and yield of rainfed grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Field experiments conducted on a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation system included conventional tillage plus furrow diking (FD), conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage with wheat (Triticum aestivum) residue maintained on the plots (NT+), and no-tillage with residue removed (NT-). Wheat residues in FD and CT plots were incorporated during tillage operations. Treatments were imposed 2 weeks before seeding of sorghum. Soil water was measured at three growth stages of sorghum: emergence, flowering, and harvest. The FD and NT+ treatments resulted in increased storage of growing season precipitation, which subsequently produced higher sorghum grain yield. Diking resulted in about 44 mm more stored soil water at emergence and about 770 kg ha(-1) more sorghum grain yield than the CT treatment. The NT+ treatment also resulted in significant increases in water storage (42 mm) and sorghum grain yield (870 kg ha(-1)) compared to NT-treatment. Furrow diking resulted in greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) soil NO3-N at the 30- to 60-cm depth at flowering. Concentrations of N in leaf, stover, and grain were greater in plants with FD than with other treatments. Available soil water, soil NO3-N, sorghum leaf-N concentration, and grain and stover yields were noticeably responsive to cultural practices. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Sow, AA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 5-6 BP 613 EP 623 DI 10.1080/00103629809369971 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZK364 UT WOS:000073313000009 ER PT J AU Indiati, R Sharpley, AN AF Indiati, R Sharpley, AN TI Changes in distribution of inorganic soil phosphorus forms with phosphate desorption by iron oxide-impregnated paper strips SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID FILTER-PAPER; SORPTION AB The release of soil phosphorus CP) to solution has been described by extraction of soil with iron (Fe)-oxide coated paper strips. Little information is available, however, on where this P is coming tom. The effect of removal of reversibly adsorbed soil P on the distribution of inorganic P forms was investigated for 12 Italian soils. Phosphate was removed from these soils by Fe-oxide strips after incubation with P (0 and 100 mg P kg(-1)) for 90 days. With no applied P, 3 to 17% of the total soil active P [saloid-P, aluminum-phosphate (Al-P), iron-phosphate (Fe-P), and calcium-phosphate (Ca-P) was removed by the Fe-oxide strips. The change in strip-P following P addition (100 mg kg(-1) soil), ranged from 12.9 to 53.5 mg P kg(-1), with P coming almost entirely from the active P fractions. A close relationship between the changes in desorbed strip-P after P equilibration and soil P sorption index (SI) was found for the studied soils (r(2)=0.96). Thus, the release of soil P for plant uptake or transport in runoff was a function of the amount of "actively" sorbed P and an estimate of P sorption. C1 Ist Sperimentale Nutr Piante, I-00184 Rome, Italy. ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Indiati, R (reprint author), Ist Sperimentale Nutr Piante, Via Navicella 2, I-00184 Rome, Italy. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 5-6 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.1080/00103629809369972 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZK364 UT WOS:000073313000010 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA Potter, KN Morrison, JE AF Torbert, HA Potter, KN Morrison, JE TI Tillage intensity and crop residue effects on nitrogen and carbon cycling in a vertisol SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CLAY SOILS; NO-TILLAGE; MINERALIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; SORGHUM; LOSSES; CORN AB The objective of this study was to examine the impact of tillage intensity and crop residue on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in a Vertisol. Soil samples (0-10- and 10-20-cm depth) were collected from a Houston Black soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellusterts) with three different levels of tillage intensity, varying from no tillage to complete residue burial. The experiment was a split plot design with five replications. The main plots were three crop species [corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)] and the subplots were three levels of tillage intensity (chisel tillage, reduced tillage, and no tillage). Total N, organic C, inorganic N, and C:N ratio were measured on soil samples as well as the potential C mineralization, N mineralization, C turnover, and C:N mineralization ratio during a 7- and 30-d incubation. Chisel tillage reduced total N, C mineralization, and C turnover at the 0-10-cm depth compared to the other conservation tillage systems. Following corn production, soil organic C increased and C mineralization and C turnover were decreased at the 10-20-cm depth compared to the other crop species. This data indicates that, in the short term, tillage systems may control soil organic C at the soil surface, while changes in plant rooting may control soil organic C storage at deeper soil depths in Texas Vertisols. C1 ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 5-6 BP 717 EP 727 DI 10.1080/00103629809369979 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA ZK364 UT WOS:000073313000017 ER PT J AU Schepers, JS Francis, DD AF Schepers, JS Francis, DD TI Precision agriculture - What's in our future SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Soil and Plant Analysis Symposium CY AUG 02-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Soil & Plant Analysis Council Inc ID CHLOROPHYLL METER; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; NITROGEN STRESS; CORN C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Schepers, JS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 113 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 11-14 BP 1463 EP 1469 DI 10.1080/00103629809370043 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 115VB UT WOS:000075685600007 ER PT J AU Raese, JT AF Raese, JT TI Response of apple and pear trees to phosphate fertilization: A compendium SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Soil and Plant Analysis Symposium CY AUG 02-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Soil & Plant Analysis Council Inc ID LOW-PHOSPHORUS SOIL; PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN AB Earlier reports in the literature indicated that responses to phosphate (P) fertilization of apple and pear trees were rare. Yet more recently in orchard soils low in available P or in leaves with low P concentrations, greenhouse and orchard trials showed a marked response to applications of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilization. Trees receiving MAP fertilizer frequently resulted in improved tree vigor, fruit production, and in some cases fruit quality. Our experimental trials indicated that apple and pear trees responded to soil surface applications of MAP fertilizer rates, but excessive usage may result in low soil pH or a high incidence of bitter pit in apples or cork spot in 'd'Anjou' pears. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Raese, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 11-14 BP 1799 EP 1821 DI 10.1080/00103629809370071 PG 23 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 115VB UT WOS:000075685600035 ER PT J AU Hislop, JE Hornbeck, JW Bailey, SW Hallett, RA AF Hislop, JE Hornbeck, JW Bailey, SW Hallett, RA TI Development of internal forest soil reference samples and testing of digestion methods SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Soil and Plant Analysis Symposium CY AUG 02-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Soil & Plant Analysis Council Inc AB Our research requires determinations of total elemental concentrations of forest soils. The lack of certified forest soil reference materials led us to develop internal reference samples. Samples were collected from three soil horizons (Oa, B, and C) at three locations having forested, acidic soils similar to those we commonly analyze. A shatterbox was used to homogenize the nine samples. The Radiation Laboratory of the University of Massachusetts, Lowell completed neutron activation analyses (NA) on our samples. Our laboratory performed five digestion procedures: microwave [nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), fluoboric acid (HBF4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)], block [sulfuric acid (H2SO4), selenious acid (H2SeO3), and H2O2], hot plate ([hydrofluoric acid (HF) and perchloric acid (HClO4)], and flux [lithium berate (LiBO2) and lithium treborate (Li2B4O7)]. Concentrations of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), aluminum(Al), calcium(Ca), and potassium (K) were measured by direct current plasma spectrometry (DCP). The results of the digestion procedures were compared with results from the neutron activation analyses (NA) allowing us to choose the most effective digest procedure. Each digestion procedure obtained varied elemental recovery rates (RR) ranging from Al with <10% RR for a C horizon sample digested in a block digestor to Ca with >125% RR for a B horizon sample digested on a hot plate when compared to the neutron activation analyses values. Overall, the maximum recovery rates were achieved by the flux, microwave, and hot plate procedures. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hislop, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 11-14 BP 1991 EP 1996 DI 10.1080/00103629809370088 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 115VB UT WOS:000075685600052 ER PT J AU Khakural, BR Robert, PC Hugins, DR AF Khakural, BR Robert, PC Hugins, DR TI Use of non-contacting electromagnetic inductive method for estimating soil moisture across a landscape SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Soil and Plant Analysis Symposium CY AUG 02-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Soil & Plant Analysis Council Inc ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB There is a growing interest in real-time estimation of soil moisture for site- specific crop management. Non-contacting electromagnetic inductive (EMI) methods have potentials to provide real-time estimate of soil profile water contents. Soil profile water contents were monitored with a neutron probe at selected sites. A Geonics LTD EM-38 terrain meter was used to record bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECA) readings across a soil- landscape in West central Minnesota with variable moisture regimes. The relationships among EG(A), selected soil and landscape properties were examined. Bulk soil electrical conductivity (0-1.0 and 0-0.5 m) was negatively correlated with relative elevation. It was positively correlated with soil profile (1.0 m) clay content and negatively correlated with soil profile coarse fragments (>2 mm) and sand content. There was significant linear relationship between ECA (0-1.0 and 0-0.5) and soil profile water storage. Soil water storage estimated from ECA reflected changes in landscape and soil characteristics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Khakural, BR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 11-14 BP 2055 EP 2065 DI 10.1080/00103629809370093 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 115VB UT WOS:000075685600057 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD Pendleton, RL Jolley, VD Robbins, CW Terry, RE AF Tarkalson, DD Pendleton, RL Jolley, VD Robbins, CW Terry, RE TI Preparing and staining mycorrhizal structures in dry bean, sweet corn, and wheat using a block digester SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB The use of safe staining techniques in the evaluation of mycorrhizal colonization is critical to the continued understanding of this important symbiosis. Several procedures being utilized currently involve regulated and/or toxic chemicals. The integration of unregulated and nontoxic chemicals into these procedures is important to alleviate potential dangers currently used chemicals pose. We eliminated all regulated reagents by combining portions of several previously published staining and root preservation procedures. A block digester for plant tissue digestion was used as a heating unit and proved to be easier to use, quicker and more reliable than either a water bath or a circulating air oven. Optimum clearing time in KOH varied from 8 to 10 min and 30 to 40 min for wheat, sweet corn, and dry bean roots, respectively. We also successfully used both drying and freezing of roots for storage prior to staining. These modified procedures were quick and easy and provided reliable temperature control and excellent staining while protecting individuals and the environment from toxic chemicals. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 15-16 BP 2263 EP 2268 DI 10.1080/00103629809370109 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 115VC UT WOS:000075685800004 ER PT J AU Indiati, R Sharpley, AN AF Indiati, R Sharpley, AN TI Changes in soluble and equilibrium phosphate concentration in selected soils from Italy SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SORPTION; PHOSPHORUS AB Soil phosphate in solution (Psol) and equilibrium P concentration (EPCo) are important soil P parameters both for agronomical and environmental purposes. Solution P is the main source from which plant roots adsorb P, whereas EPCo give information about the amount and direction of changes between soluble and particulate P that occur during transport of sediment in stream flow. Changes in Psol and EPCo with soil extractable P (Mehlich 3-P and Olsen P) were determined following equilibration of 13 Italian soils with five rates of fertilizer P (0 to 100 mg kg(-1)). The slope of the regression equation (Y=a+bX) for the relationships between Psol and EPCo (Y), and soil extractable P (X) decreased with increasing soil P sorption. Furthermore, at the same level of Mehlich 3 and Olsen P, higher sorbing P soils had lower values of Psol and EPCo. As a result, changes in Psol and EPCo per unit increase of soil extractable P were closely related (R-2 of 0.86 to 0.93) to soil P Sorption Index(SI). Equilibrium P Concentration could be estimated from soil solution P for the studied soils. C1 Ist Sperimentale Nutr Piante, I-00184 Rome, Italy. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Indiati, R (reprint author), Ist Sperimentale Nutr Piante, Via Navicella 2, I-00184 Rome, Italy. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 15-16 BP 2429 EP 2440 DI 10.1080/00103629809370122 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 115VC UT WOS:000075685800017 ER PT J AU McColl, JG Powers, RF AF McColl, JG Powers, RF TI Decomposition of small diameter woody debris of red fir determined by nuclear magnetic resonance SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE; WHITE ROT FUNGI; DOUGLAS-FIR; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; DEPENDENT PEROXIDASES; PAPER BIRCH; DECAY; MANGANESE; LIGNIN; FOREST AB Red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.) woody debris decomposing for 17 years in untreated (Control) and nitrogen-fertilized plus widely thinned (NT2) plots was examined by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Total carbon (C) and total N concentrations were also determined. Combined data of wood and bark showed correlations between carboxylic, aromatic, O-alkyl and aliphatic C fractions, and C fractions with C/N, but phenolic and methoxyl correlations were non-significant. Wood mass losses averaged 38% for both Controls and NT2. Bark mass losses were 61% for Controls and 66% for NT2, but these were not significantly different at p<0.05; bark sloughing added considerable variance. Wood in Controls decreased O-alkyl (66 to 50%) and aromatic (16 to 13%), increased carboxyl (1.5 to 6.5%) and aliphatic (2.0 to 15.5%), and decreased Cm/Lm, i.e., carbohydrate/lignin monomers (2.78 to 1.82). In NT2 plots, open crowns allowed greater drying of the forest floor during warm, dry summers. The C/N averages were slightly lower in NT2 than in Controls for wood (167 versus 188), and the same for bark (45 and 43), but differences were not significant at p<0.05. Decompositional pathways in different environments, by brown-rot and white-rot fungi, are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP McColl, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 17-18 BP 2691 EP 2704 DI 10.1080/00103629809370144 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 125GN UT WOS:000076229200013 ER PT J AU Fleming, MW AF Fleming, MW TI Experimental inoculations with Ostertagia ostertagi or exposure to artificial illumination alter peripheral cortisol in dairy calves (Bos taurus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Experimental-Biology on Structure and Function in Comparative Physiology - a Tribute to Pierre Laurent CY MAR 25-26, 1996 CL UNIV LANCASTER, LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Soc Expt Biol, Anim Respirat & Osmoregulat Grp HO UNIV LANCASTER DE bovine; parasite; nematode; stress; cortisol; adrenal glands; lighting; well-being ID NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; CATTLE; INFECTION; RESPONSES; INSULIN; SHEEP AB A series of experiments were conducted on dairy calves (Bos taurus) to assess, by way of circulating cortisol, the impact of a parasitic infection as a systemic stressor.The first study was designed to assess the effects of chronic stress on dairy calves resulting from a large bolus inoculation of the nematode parasite, Ostertagia ostertagi. Peripheral cortisol concentrations and adrenal cortical competency to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge were utilized as indicators of chronic stress for 5 weeks. Calves were cleared of nematodes by anthelminthic treatment after the third week of infection. Calves were challenged with ACTH on weeks 0 and 2, and blood samples were obtained at a 12 x 10-min bleeding schedule. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the infected calves than in the uninfected calves. The maximal response level to the ACTH challenge was also higher while the calves were infected. Two additional experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of experimental procedures that became evident during Experiment 1. Firstly;, calves that had previously been fitted with jugular cannulae were sampled from 3 hr predawn until 5 hr after dawn under red- or white-light incandescent illumination. Calves under red lights had lower initial cortisol concentrations but increased to the concentrations in calves under white lights, indicating a compounding effect of lighting with the procedures of blood-sample acquisition. Secondly, 12 calves were inoculated with 10,000, 100,000, or 200,000 third-stage, infective larvae of 0, ostertagi. Blood samples were obtained similarly to the regimen in Experiment I. Cortisol concentrations were elevated only in the 200,000-dose group during week 3, correlating with the period immediately after emergence of the young adult parasites from the gastric glands. Continuous emergence of these parasites might induce chronic hyperadrenocorticism and the concomitant negative consequences on metabolic and immunological processes. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fleming, MW (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Bldg 1040,BARC-E,, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 119 IS 1 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1016/S1095-6433(97)00430-3 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA ZZ685 UT WOS:000074756400037 PM 11253801 ER PT J AU Czerwinski, SM Cate, JM Francis, G Tomas, F Brocht, DM McMurtry, JP AF Czerwinski, SM Cate, JM Francis, G Tomas, F Brocht, DM McMurtry, JP TI The effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on protein turnover in the meat-type chicken (Gallus domesticus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; insulin; insulin-like growth factor-I; protein synthesis ID AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; BROILER-CHICKENS; GLUCOSE; CELLS; INJECTION; SECRETION; NUTRITION; INFUSION AB Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) effects on chicken growth and development are poorly understood. This study examined the effect of IGF-I on protein synthesis rates in various tissues in the male broiler chicken. At three weeks of age, osmotic minipumps were subcutaneously implanted in the scapular area. Chickens were infused with either chicken IGF-I (450 mu g/kg BW/day) or saline. After treatment for 5 days, the chickens received a flooding dose of [H-3]-phenylalanine, and were sacrificed 20 min later. Wing vein blood samples were taken at 0, 5, 10 and 20 min post-injection. The following tissues were removed and frozen for analysis: pectoralis muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, heart, liver, and small intestine. In vivo total protein synthesis measurements were made using the double-label technique. Contractile protein degradation was evaluated using intracellular free 3-methylhistidine concentrations in skeletal muscle. There were no significant differences in absolute or relative body growth rates over the treatment period. Skeletal muscle (pectoralis and gastrocnemius) weights were significantly decreased with IGF-I treatment, while heart weight was significantly increased. Plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in IGF-treated chickens compared to that in control birds. There was no effect of IGF-I on protein synthesis rates in any of the tissues examined. Intracellular free 3-methylhistidine concentrations were higher in both the gastrocnemius (17%) and pectoralis muscles (25%) of chickens treated with IGF-I. This data demonstrates that IGF-I may have an indirect effect to regulate muscle protein turnover rates. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, LPSI, Growth Biol Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cooperat Res Ctr Tissue Growth & Repair, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP McMurtry, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, LPSI, Growth Biol Lab, BARC E, Bldg 200,Rm 207, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 119 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0742-8413(97)00193-X PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA ZB249 UT WOS:000072452100011 PM 9568376 ER PT J AU Dosogne, H Burvenich, C Paape, MJ AF Dosogne, H Burvenich, C Paape, MJ TI Effect of extracellular ionic calcium and magnesium on opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis of Escherichia coli bovine blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes SO COMPARATIVE HAEMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE coliform mastitis; flow cytometry; phagocytosis ID COMPLEMENT RECEPTOR TYPE-3; PERIPARTURIENT DISORDERS; NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTOSIS; ZYMOSAN PARTICLES; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; COWS; ADHESION; MASTITIS; LEUKOCYTES; HYPOCALCEMIA AB The effects of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations on opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis of Escherichia call by bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) isolated from blood were evaluated by flow cytometry. Eight cows were used as blood donors. The green fluorescence of blood PMN selectively gated in the forward scatter (FS)- side scatter (SS) dot plot after incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) - labelled E. coli was used to characterise phagocytosis. Parameters for phagocytosis were percentage fluorescent PMN (% phagocytosis) and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). The fluorescence of adherent bacteria was quenched with trypan blue to distinguish between adherence and ingestion. Nonopsonic and opsonic phagocytosis were decreased in the absence of extracellular ionic Ca2+ and Mg2+ compared to physiological levels. Addition of 10 mM EGTA to the incubation medium was necessary to block all extracellular Ca2+ and resulted in a significant decrease of opsonic phagocytosis, with only 5% phagocytic PMN after quenching. Increasing Ca2+ concentrations resulted in a gradual increase in percentage opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis and in MFI for opsonic phagocytosis. Ionic calcium plays an important role in phagocytosis (attachment as well as ingestion) by bovine blood PMN in the presence of opsonins, whereas non-opsonic phagocytosis appeared to be less dependent on Ca2+. However, reduced serum or milk calcium levels in cows are unlikely to cause a substantial reduction of PMN phagocytosis in vivo. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Dosogne, H (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, Salisburylaan 133 A1, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-7714 J9 COMP HAEMATOL INT JI Comp. Haematol. Int. PY 1998 VL 8 IS 2 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1007/BF02642496 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 103NZ UT WOS:000074965900005 ER PT B AU McDonald, T Stokes, B AF McDonald, T Stokes, B BE Zazueta, FS Xin, J TI A forest landscape visualization system SO COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE, 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY OCT 26-30, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci DE simulation; visualization; forestry; aesthetics; forest harvest AB A forest landscape visualization system was developed and used in creating realistic images depicting how an area might appear if harvested. The system uses a ray-tracing renderer to draw model trees on a virtual landscape. The system includes components to create landscape surfaces from digital elevation data, populate/cut trees within (polygonal) areas, and convert GIS output data into a form suitable for input to the renderer. The system provides a flexible design tool that, coupled with a GIS, allows a forest engineer to design harvest unit boundaries, set removal intensities, then render an image of the treated area. This provides the engineer with reliable feedback on visual impacts and facilitates an iterative design process to mitigate negative public reaction to harvesting. The system was used to create images of three areas in northern Alabama showing the effects of three different silvicultural treatments on each: no removal, clearcut, and strip clearcut. The images were shown to several groups of students on the Auburn University campus, who were then asked to rate the scenes for scenic beauty. Results indicated a significant difference in scenic beauty between the simulated images, indicating the potential of the system for assessing public reaction to design alternatives. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP McDonald, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 520 DeVall Dr, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-99-7 PY 1998 BP 753 EP 760 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BM56P UT WOS:000079109500094 ER PT B AU Havey, MJ AF Havey, MJ BE Lamkey, KR Staub, JE TI Molecular analyses and heterosis in the vegetables: Can we breed them like maize? SO CONCEPTS AND BREEDING OF HETEROSIS IN CROP PLANTS SE CSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Plant Breeding Symposium on Concepts and Breeding of Heterosis in Crop Plants CY NOV 03, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Crop Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Hort Sci ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RFLP VARIATION; INBREDS; POPULATIONS; PEDIGREE; SIMILARITY; FLINT; YIELD AB Advantages of hybrid-vegetable cultivars include superior performance over inbreds or open-pollinated populations, greater uniformity for maturity or quality, and the commercial benefit of annual seed sales. Hybrid cultivars have been developed for many vegetable species with different reproductive systems and are produced using large-scale emasculation, cytoplasmic-genic male sterility, and genetic or chemical modification of sex expression. In maize (Zea mays L.), hybrids generated by crossing among inbreds from different heterotic soups usually perform significantly better than those generated by crossing among inbreds within the same group. Genetic distance estimates based on molecular markers have been used to assign maize inbreds to previously characterized heterotic groups and occasionally correlated with single-cross performance. For crosses among mon closely related inbreds, genetic distance estimates did not predict single-cross performance for grain or forage yields. The failure of molecular-based genetic distance estimates to predict superior hybrid performance also has been reported for oat (Avena sativa L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Compared with maize, many vegetable crops have a restricted genetic background and molecular markers reveal relatively few polymorphisms. For cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.), phenotypically distinct populations show a significant reduction in variability at molecular-marker loci. Vegetable crops with a narrow genetic background, such as cucumber, show little inbreeding depression and no significant heterosis. Although no direct comparisons between genetic-distance estimates and hybrid performance in vegetables have been reported, I expect that the narrow genetic background of many vegetable crops will restrict or preclude the identification of naturally occurring heterotic groups. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-546-1 J9 CSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1998 IS 25 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BP93R UT WOS:000086671100009 ER PT B AU Carriere, CJ Loffredo, AR AF Carriere, CJ Loffredo, AR GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Temperature effects on the shear-thickening and flow-induced structure formation in semidilute solutions of gently-solubilized starches SO CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS AT ANTEC '98: PLASTICS ON MY MIND, VOLS I-3: VOL I; PROCESSING, VOL II; SPECIAL AREAS, VOL III; MATERIALS SE SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics on My Mind (ANTEC 98) CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Plast Engineers DE starch; shear-thickening; amylopectin; solution rheology AB The effect of temperature on the unexpected shear-thickening behavior exhibited by semidilute solutions of waxy maize starch during a repeated shear-loop experiment was evaluated. Shear-thickening behavior, characterized using power law models, was observed for waxy maize starch, but not for normal maize starch at the same concentration. The shear-thickening region was observed for waxy maize starch at temperatures ranging from 25 to 80 degrees C and shear rates from 20-100 s(-1) during the initial part of the shear-loop experiment. For waxy maize starch, the power law exponent, n, was found to be 1.22 +/- 0.06, and 0.545 +/- 0.051 in the shear-thickening and shear-thinning regions, respectively. For normal maize starch, the value of n was found to be equal to 0.751+/-0.015 and only shear-thinning behavior was observed. The values of n for both waxy maize and normal maize starch were found to be temperature independent within the precision of the experimental measurements. The differences in it indicate the differences in the conformational dynamics of waxy maize and normal maize starches in solution. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Carriere, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-669-9 J9 SOC PLAST E PY 1998 VL 44 BP 2144 EP 2147 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BL06B UT WOS:000074141800412 ER PT B AU Frisvold, G Schimmelpfennig, D AF Frisvold, G Schimmelpfennig, D BE Just, RE Netanyahu, S TI Potential for sustainability and self-enforcement of trans-boundary water agreements SO CONFLICT AND COOPERATION ON TRANS-BOUNDARY WATER RESOURCES SE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the International-Water-and-Resource-Economics-Consortium on Conflict and Cooperation on Trans-Boundary Water Resources CY APR 13-16, 1997 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP Int Water & Resource Econ Consortium AB Recent theoretical research on self-enforcing international environmental agreements (IEAs) has yielded rather pessimistic results. IEAs can be sustained only in cases where the outcome of cooperation is only a minor improvement over noncooperation. However, trans-boundary water pollution problems and negotiations have salient differences from previous theoretical representations of IEAs. This chapter discusses these differences and presents some counter-examples where trans-boundary, water agreements can achieve significant increases in pollution abatement and abatement benefits over noncooperation. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-8106-8 J9 NAT RES MAN PY 1998 BP 27 EP 39 PG 13 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BM83T UT WOS:000079880000003 ER PT S AU Borrud, LG Hama, MY Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, JD AF Borrud, LG Hama, MY Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, JD BE Leech, IE TI Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals for policy decisions SO CONSUMER INTERESTS ANNUAL, VOL 44 SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON CONSUMER INTERESTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference of the American-Council-Consumer-Interests CY MAR 25-28, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Council Consumer Interests C1 USDA ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, BHNRC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COUNCIL COMSUMER INTERESTS PI COLUMBIA PA 240 STANLEY HALL, UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA SN 0275-1356 J9 P AM C CONS PY 1998 VL 44 BP 181 EP 182 PG 2 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BL43R UT WOS:000075514000046 ER PT J AU Smith, VH Glauber, JW AF Smith, VH Glauber, JW TI The effects of 1996 farm legislation on feed and food grains SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Annual Conference of the Western-Economic-Association-International CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP W Econ Assoc Int AB The 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996 has been portrayed as a radical departure from the farm policies of the past 60 years. FAIR brought sweeping institutional changes to the basic price and income support programs, many of which had been in place since the 1930s. Close analysis reveals that many of the reforms of the FAIR Act are less revolutionary innovations and more continuations of reforms that began with the 1985 farm legislation and were extended by the 1990 farm bill. Nor should one believe that the changes will result, as some suggest, in large changes in crop acreages or have large effects on the year-to-year variability of farm revenues for these crops. In both cases, the changes in policies may be substantive, but their effective consequences are modest. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Smith, VH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD JAN PY 1998 VL 16 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA YQ099 UT WOS:000071348400008 ER PT S AU Woods, RD Wesley, RD AF Woods, RD Wesley, RD BE Enjuanes, L Siddell, SG Spaan, W TI Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus carrier sow SO CORONAVIRUSES AND ARTERIVIRUSES SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIIth International Symposium on Coronaviruses and Arteriviruses CY MAY 10-15, 1997 CL SEGOVIA, SPAIN SP Int Comm Taxon Viruses, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Coronavirus Lab, Madrid ID VIRUS; PIGS; INFECTION AB A sow infected with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) shed virulent virus in her feces for 18 months. The virus was isolated from rectal swabs beginning 2 days postexposure (PE) and continued at irregular intervals. Virus shedding was detected on 24 separate occasions. The titer of the virus shed ranged from <1 x 10(2) pfu/ml to 7.2 x 10(3) pfu/ml, while the duration of the shedding ranged from 1 to 5 consecutive days. Inoculation of 3-day-old piglets with TGEV isolated from the sow proved the virus was virulent throughout the study. Virulent TGEV was isolated from the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the liver of the sow 544 days PE. This study demonstrates an apparently healthy sow can be a reservoir and shed virulent TGEV for an extended period of time. C1 USDA ARS, Virol Swine Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Woods, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virol Swine Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45910-8 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 440 BP 641 EP 647 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology; Virology SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology; Virology GA BL64J UT WOS:000076154700083 PM 9782340 ER PT J AU Smith, JG Yokoyama, WH German, JB AF Smith, JG Yokoyama, WH German, JB TI Butyric acid from the diet: Actions at the level of gene expression SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE acetylation; apoptosis; butyric acid; chromatin; fiber ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; EMBRYONIC GLOBIN GENE; ADULT ERYTHROID-CELLS; CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION; FRIEND-ERYTHROLEUKEMIA CELLS; FETAL HEMOGLOBIN INDUCTION; DISTAL ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; THYROID-HORMONE RECEPTOR; ENZYME-RESISTANT STARCH; IN-VITRO FERMENTATION AB A number of components present in the diet, although nutritionally nonessential, have been discovered to have beneficial effects toward both general health and disease prevention/protection. One such nutrient, butyric acid, can be derived in large quantities from bacterial fementation of dietary fiber in the bowel and is also a component of bovine milk. In gut fermentation, the production of butyric acid defines its delivery point; thus, the synthesis and site of action of butyric acid are in close proximity and have frustrated the investigation of its activities in vivo. Recent research has, however, revealed a number of activities of butyric acid toward isolated cells. In particular, its ability to modify nuclear architecture and induce death by apoptosis in colon cancer cells is arousing great interest. Butyric acid changes the structure of chromatin through its effects on posttranslational modifications, key modifications being acetylation and phosphorylation of the nuclear histones. Butyric acid can also modify the differentiation state of cells, and in the case of cancerous colonic cells overcomes their resistance to normal programmed death. Thus, the activities of this fermentation product of dietary fiber may contribute substantially to the decreased incidence of bowel cancer that has been associated with fiber intake. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP German, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 208 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 259 EP 297 DI 10.1080/10408699891274200 PG 39 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZR957 UT WOS:000074033300001 PM 9626487 ER PT B AU Meredith, WR AF Meredith, WR BE Chopra, VL Singh, RB Varma, A TI Emerging trends in crop improvement: Cotton SO CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: SHAPING THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Crop Science Congress CY 1996 CL INDIA SP Natl Acad Agr Sci India, Indian ID MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Meredith, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-004-5 PY 1998 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BQ09J UT WOS:000087148800012 ER PT B AU Cook, RJ AF Cook, RJ BE Chopra, VL Singh, RB Varma, A TI Emerging biologically-based technologies for plant disease management SO CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: SHAPING THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Crop Science Congress CY 1996 CL INDIA SP Natl Acad Agr Sci India, Indian ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; DAMPING-OFF; ROOT-ROT; ANTIBIOTIC 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; COTTON SEEDLINGS; SEED TREATMENTS; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; PATHOGENS C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Cook, RJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 367 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-004-5 PY 1998 BP 219 EP 231 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BQ09J UT WOS:000087148800016 ER PT B AU Malik, VS AF Malik, VS BE Chopra, VL Singh, RB Varma, A TI Technology development and transfer SO CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: SHAPING THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Crop Science Congress CY 1996 CL INDIA SP Natl Acad Agr Sci India, Indian C1 USDA, Unit 147, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Malik, VS (reprint author), USDA, Unit 147, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-004-5 PY 1998 BP 867 EP 877 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BQ09J UT WOS:000087148800069 ER PT J AU Halimi, ES Rowe, DE AF Halimi, ES Rowe, DE TI Stem-tip inoculation of alfalfa with Sclerotinia trifoliorum: I. Development of necrosis on resistant and susceptible selections SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; RESPONSES AB A stem-tip inoculation procedure has been successfully used in divergent selection for resistance to Scelerotinia trifoliorum (Eriks) on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). One unreported observation made in early studies was that lesion development was not continuous for some alfalfa plants over the 14-d incubation. A more in-depth study of disease development was needed to quantify the variability, and the stem-tip inoculation procedure was modified for this purpose. inoculated stems were placed in plastic sleeves and marks were made daily on the plastic to show the development of necrosis over time, Eight plants previously selected for their higher levels of resistance and eight plants selected for minimal resistance (susceptibility) developed necrosis after 14 d in the plastic sleeves, which was similar to that measured in earlier studies. The length of the lesion on susceptible plants was described by a linear equation with 0.9 to 1.3 cm of necrosis d(-1). Six of the resistant plants stopped the lengthening of the necrotic stem lesion about 8 d after inoculation while two of the resistant selections continued linear development at rates much less than that measured on the susceptible selections. When the necrotic region stopped developing, a dark border usually developed between the green and necrotic tissues which was not seen when disease continued to develop. Statistical analysis suggested disease resistance might be effected by either of two qualitatively different systems. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Sriwijaya, Dept Agron, Sumsel, Indonesia. RP Rowe, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100003 ER PT J AU Halimi, ES Rowe, DE AF Halimi, ES Rowe, DE TI Stem-tip inoculation of alfalfa with Sclerotinia trifoliorum: II. Performance of S-1 and F-1 progenies from resistant and susceptible selections SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; RESPONSES AB Two types of resistance responses have been identified on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for Sclerotinia crown and stem rot caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum (Eriks) following a stem-tip inoculation. A plant dth the Type 1 resistance stops the lengthening of necrotic region on the stem about eight days after inoculation, but a plant with the Type 2 resistance continues slow expansion of necrotic region for the duration of the 14 d test. This research determined the levels of resistance in progenies from crosses of selections with same and different types of resistance to Sclerotinia, from crosses of resistant and susceptible selections, and from self-fertilization of selections. The daily development of disease was measured from four to 14 d after inoculation on progenies from a diallel of six resistant selections and from a factorial cross of four resistant and four susceptible selections. The crosses among selections with Type 1 resistance produced progenies only with Type 1 resistance. Crosses of selections with Type 1 and Type 2 resistance produced four progenies with Type 1 resistance and four progenies with Type 2 resistance, Selfing the four selections with Type 1 resistance resulted in three progenies with Type 1 resistance and one with Type 2 resistance, Crosses of susceptible plants and those with Type 1 resistance resulted in low levels of Type 2 resistance, Selfing generally decreased the level of resistance in the resistant selections. For development of synthetic varieties, parents should be selected with high levels of Type 1 resistance and for self-sterility. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Sriwijaya, Dept Agron, Sumsel, Indonesia. RP Rowe, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100004 ER PT J AU Van Esbroeck, GA Bowman, DT Calhoun, DS May, OL AF Van Esbroeck, GA Bowman, DT Calhoun, DS May, OL TI Changes in the genetic diversity of cotton in the USA from 1970 to 1995 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; PARENTAGE; COEFFICIENTS; OATS; FARM AB Despite concern about genetic vulnerability, little is known about the recent changes in the genetic diversity of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The objectives of this study were to determine the trends in the genetic diversity of upland cotton in the USA during the last 25 yr and to investigate probable causes for these changes. Two estimates of genetic diversity, coefficient of parentage (r(p)) and field uniformity (r(r); r(p) weighted by the proportion of the hectarage occupied), were made for cultivars occupying over 1% of the hectarage within a region (Southeast, South-central, Southwest, and West) from 1970 to 1995 at 5-yr intervals. An average of 17 (range = 8-46) cultivars accounted for 97% of the cotton hectarage within a region. Regional r(p) values were relatively stable at 0.12 to 0.15 from 1970 to 1990 and then sharply increased to 0.20 in 1995. Higher r(p) values in commonly grown cultivars than in released cultivars indicated that much of the genetic diversity in cotton remains unused by growers. Field uniformity (r(f)) remained at about 0.30 for all regions during the past 25 yr because increases in r(p) were matched with an increase in the number of cultivars grown and/or a decline in the proportion of the area planted to any single cultivar. The frequent use of several parents for the creation of new cultivars and the planting of only a small portion of the available cultivars has led to a high level of genetic uniformity. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. MAFES, Delta Branch Exp Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Clemson Univ, Florence, SC 29506 USA. USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP Bowman, DT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Bowman, Daryl T./0000-0001-6623-4035 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100006 ER PT J AU Abd-Alla, MH Vuong, TD Harper, JE AF Abd-Alla, MH Vuong, TD Harper, JE TI Genotypic differences in dinitrogen fixation response to NaCl stress in intact and grafted soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX L; NITROGEN-FIXATION; WATER-STRESS; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; C2H2 REDUCTION; DROUGHT STRESS; SALT STRESS; SALINITY AB Soil salinity is a major limitation to legume production. We evaluated specific soybean [Glycine mnu (L.) Merr.] genotypes to identify a salt-tolerant soybean;Bradyrhizobium system, and to determine by grafting experiments if the scion or the root was responsible for salt tolerance. The effects of three levels of salinity (0, 30, and 60 mM NaCl) on nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction), nodule number, nodule dry matter, and growth of four soybean genotypes (Williams 82, PI416937, DR-1 [an Egyptian cultivar], and NOD1-3 [a hypernodulating mutant selected from Williams]) were investigated in hydroponic cultures and growth chamber environments. Salt stress significantly inhibited nitrogenase activity, nodule number, and dry matter accumulation per plant of all four cultivars. The detrimental effects of salinity on nodulation parameters and dry matter accumulation were most pronounced for NOD1-3 and Williams 82, intermediate for DR-1, and less marked for PI 416937. Self-grafted NOD1-3 plants showed 50 to 62% inhibition in nodulation responses (activity, number, mass) while grafting of PI 416937 scions to NOD1-3 roots resulted in less than 7% inhibition by salt. Nodule number on PI416937 roots was greater when grafted to NOD1-3 scions (relative to self-grafted PI 416937 plants), confirming a shoot role in autoregulation of nodule number. Conclusions are that shoot factors are of primary importance in determining salt-tolerance of the PI 416937 genotype and that hypernodulation expression in the mutant is negatively affected by salt treatment. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Edward R Madigan Lab 331, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Assiut Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Assiut 71516, Egypt. RP Harper, JE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Edward R Madigan Lab 331, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM j-harper@uiuc.edu RI Abd-Alla, Mohamed Hemida/E-8178-2011 OI Abd-Alla, Mohamed Hemida/0000-0003-0415-9409 NR 41 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100013 ER PT J AU Shatters, RG Wheeler, R West, SH AF Shatters, RG Wheeler, R West, SH TI Ethephon induced changes in vegetative growth of 'Tifton 85' bermudagrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; YIELD; BARLEY; RESPONSES; CULTIVARS AB The establishment rate of warm-season turf and forage grasses propagated by sprigs or cuttings is of economic importance by determining not only how quickly an area may be utilized but also by influencing the extent of weed invasion, We monitored 'Tifton 85' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers,] vegetative growth response to the application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-producing compound, and how this treatment affected subsequent vegetative establishment. Responses of established Tifton 85 plants to ethephon treatment when compared with untreated plants included a 22% reduction in plant height, node swelling, bud swelling at the crown, terminal leaf necrosis, chlorotic striping of young developing leaves, and a 118% and 101% increase in leaf/stem fresh and dry weight ratios, respectively. Swelling of ethephon-induced buds appeared to be due to a transient arrest in sprouting, Swelled buds finally sprouted 9 d following ethephon treatment, In glasshouse experiments. vegetative cuttings taken from ethephon treated plants produced 112% more roots under a range of water stress conditions 8 d after cutting removal, and produced 10-fold higher number of tillers at 6 d after planting in soil than untreated cuttings. Tiller production in the soil establishment study was not statistically different between ethephon treated and untreated plants after 21 d. These glasshouse results indicated that it mag be Feasible to develop ethephon treatments that improve establishment rate and subsequent stand quality of Tifton 85 bermudagrass in field/commercial applications. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Shatters, RG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Harris Bldg 661, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM RGSHATS@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 17 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100017 ER PT J AU Heagle, AS Miller, JE Booker, FL AF Heagle, AS Miller, JE Booker, FL TI Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment: I. Foliar properties SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; PLANT-RESPONSES; ELEVATED CO2; NITROGEN NUTRITION; ASSESSING IMPACTS; EXCHANGE-RATE; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH AB Tropospheric O-3 can cause foliar injury, decreased growth, and decreased yield, whereas CO2 enrichment generally causes opposite effects. Little is known about plant response to mixtures of O-3 and CO2. Open-top field chambers were ere used to determine if foliar responses of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to CO2 enrichment are affected by O-3 stress and vice versa. Plants were grown in 14-L pots and exposed to four CO2 and three O-3 concentrations in 12 combinations. The CO2 treatments were ambient (366 mu L L-1) and three treatments with CO2 added for 24 h d(-1) at approximately 1.3, 1.6, and 2.0 times ambient. The O-3 treatments were charcoal-filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and NF with O-3 added for 12 h d(-1) (NF+), resulting in seasonal concentrations of approximately 20, 46, and 75 nL L-1. Foliar effects of CO2 enrichment were dependent on the amount of stress caused by O-3 In the CF treatment, plants were not stressed by O-3, and CO2 enrichment caused chlorosis and decreased chlorophyll. In the IVF and NF+ treatments, plants were stressed by O-3, and CO2 enrichment suppressed chlorosis and increased chlorophyll. Ozone decreased specific leaf weight, increased foliar N and C, and decreased C/N ratios, whereas CO2 caused opposite responses for these measures. Ozone increased foliar S and B but did not affect P or K concentrations. Conversely, CO2 enrichment suppressed foliar S, B, P, and K concentrations. These interactions between O-3 and CO2 emphasize a need to consider the amount of plant stress caused by O-3 in studies to measure effects of CO2 enrichment. C1 USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Air Qual Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Heagle, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, 1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM asheagle@unity.ncsu.edu NR 58 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 113 EP 121 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100020 ER PT J AU Miller, JE Heagle, AS Pursley, WA AF Miller, JE Heagle, AS Pursley, WA TI Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment: II. Biomass and development SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-RESPONSES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROWTH; CHAMBERS AB Previous research has shown that elevated CO2 concentrations can increase plant growth, whereas the air pollutant O-3 is phytotoxic. Because elevated concentrations of these gases will co-occur, the objective of our experiment was to determine if estimates of plant growth response to future levels of CO2 and O-3 require experiments to test the gases in combination. Soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Essex) were exposed in open-top chambers to combinations of O-3 and CO2 from plant emergence through physiological maturity. Ozone treatments were charcoal-filtered air (CF), nonfiltered sir (NF), and NF with O-3 added for 12 h d(-1) (NF+) (seasonal mean 12 h d(-1) O-3 concentrations of 20, 50, or 79 nL L-1, respectively). Carbon dioxide exposures were for 24 h d(-1) giving seasonal mean 12 h d(-1) concentrations of 370, 482, 599, or 713 mu L L-1 Over the season, elevated CO2 usually stimulated growth and O-3 suppressed growth. Elevated CO2 usually increased partitioning of biomass to branches, decreased partitioning to pods, increased specific leaf weight, and decreased leaf area ratio. Ozone suppressed leaf and root weight ratios, increased pod weight ratios, and decreased specific leaf weight. Toward the end of the season, both O-3 and CO2 accelerated reproductive development. Elevated CO2 moderated suppression of growth by O-3, and the highest CO2 concentration completely ameliorated O-3 effects on main stem biomass, root biomass, and leaf area. Ozone, however, limited some positive growth responses to CO2, especially at less than a doubling of CO2 concentrations. These results indicate that in order to understand the future impacts of atmospheric gases such as elevated CO2 and O-3 On crop growth, their combined effects should be determined. C1 USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, 1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100021 ER PT J AU Heagle, AS Miller, JE Pursley, WA AF Heagle, AS Miller, JE Pursley, WA TI Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment: III. Yield and seed quality SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; FIELD; CO2; CHAMBERS; O-3 AB Ozone in the troposphere can cause plant stress, whereas elevated CO2 generally causes positive responses. Little is known of how these gases interact to affect plant response. Interactive effects on yield and seed quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in 14-L pots were measured in open-top field chambers. Essex was tested in 1993, and Essex, Holladay, and NK 6955 were tested in 1994. Plants were exposed from emergence to maturity to four CO2 levels (ambient and 1.3, 1.6, and 2.0 times ambient) and three O-3 levels (0.4, 0.9, and 1.5 times ambient) in 12 combinations. Increasing O-3 suppressed growth and yield, whereas CO2 enrichment stimulated growth and yield. Carbon dioxide-induced stimulation was greater for plants stressed by O-3 than for non stressed plants. For example, CO2 at 2.0 times ambient increased 2-yr mean seed yield of Essex by 16, 24, and 81% at O-3 levels of O.4, 0.9, and 1.5 times ambient, respectively. Effects of O-3 and CO2 on seed oil content were variable with numerous cultivar differences. Seed protein content was never affected. Elevated O-3 suppressed oleic acid content in seeds, whereas CO2 increased it; the nature of the O-3 x CO2 interaction for oleic acid was similar to that observed for most yield measures. Carbon dioxide-induced stimulation of plants stressed by O-3 was apparently caused partly by amelioration of O-3 stress. Interactions between O-3 and CO2 must be considered for proper interpretation of cause-effect relationships in CO2 enrichment studies. C1 USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Heagle, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, 1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 18 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 128 EP 134 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100022 ER PT J AU Ebdon, JS Petrovic, AM Zobel, RW AF Ebdon, JS Petrovic, AM Zobel, RW TI Stability of evapotranspiration rates in Kentucky bluegrass cultivars across low and high evaporative environments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; TRIALS AB In an effort to conserve water applied to irrigated turfgrass sites, it is important to assess the potential for water conservation among turfgrass germplasm. Turfgrass can respond differently in evapotranspiration (ET) rate as climatic conditions change, The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between the ET response of 61 Kentucky bluegrass (Pen pratensis L., KBG) cultivars (evaluated under controlled environment) and three equally spaced, evaporative environments (temperatures 25, 30, and 35 degrees C, corresponding to 1.263, 1.664, and 2.261 kPa vapor pressure deficit, VPD, respectively), There was a significant interaction (P less than or equal to 0.001) in ET rate between the 61 cultivars and the three evaporative environments, Simple linear regression models and AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) models were used in interpreting cultivar-environment interactions, There was wide variation in cultivar mean ET (5.36-6.82 mm d(-1)), in stability of cultivar ET ranking, and sensitivity to evaporative environment characterized by cultivar stability, Cultivar stability (regression coefficients) varied by as much as 60% in the change in ET rate, from 1.13 to 3.16 mm d(-1) kPa(-1). The AMMI model revealed that the high evaporative environment (2.261 kPa VPD) interacted with cultivars in a direction opposite to 1.263 and 1.661 kPa environments indicating that relative ET rankings of cultivars are the most variable between diverse evaporative environments. Compared with ordinary analysis of variance (ANOVA), AMMI was more effective in detecting and interpreting interaction, This study indicated that (i) breeding for water conserving I(BG may have limited impact for reducing irrigation requirements because most of the variation in ET (87%) is due to environment and not to the plant's pedigree, and (ii) recommendations for use of specific cultivars may be difficult because of inconsistent water use patterns and intraspecies variation in KEG that were observed in response to diverse evaporative environments that are typical of field conditions. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Floriculture & Ornamental Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Soils Crops & Atmospher Sci & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ebdon, JS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 12F Stockbridge Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100023 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Mertens, DR Buxton, DR AF Jung, HG Mertens, DR Buxton, DR TI Forage quality variation among maize inbreds: In vitro fiber digestion kinetics and prediction with NIPS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; BROWN MIDRIB MUTANTS; ZEA-MAYS-L; DIGESTIBILITY TRAITS; CELLULASE DIGESTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; FERMENTATION; SELECTION; STOVER; LIGNIN AB The nutritive value of forage maize (Zea mays L.) may be improved through genetic selection for increased rate of fiber digestion or decreased indigestible fiber concentration. To identify sources of genetic variation, 45 maize inbreds were evaluated for in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion kinetic parameters using stem internode tissue harvested at silking during 2 yr. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was also used to estimate NDF digestion kinetic parameters. Maize inbreds varied significantly in NDF concentration and digestion kinetic parameters using either conventional in vitro analysis or NIRS predictions. Using MRS predictions, inbreds varied in NDF concentration from 497 to 662 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM), rate of NDF digestion ranged from 0.037 to 0.077 h(-1), and extent of NDF digestion was 525 to 735 g kg(-1) NDF. The ranges for NIRS predicted parameters were less than those observed for the calibration data set by conventional analysis. Correspondence between conventional analysis data and PI;IRS predictions were good, except for lag time. Digestion kinetics calculated from NIRS predicted residues provided more precise predictions of lag time and fractional rate of digestion when compared with observations derived from conventional analyses, than did direct prediction of these kinetic parameters. Correlations between rate of NDF digestion and 18-h NDF digestibility (r = 0.79) or between potential extent of NDF digestion and 96-h NDF digestibility (r = 0.95) were large enough that these two fermentation intervals might substitute for conducting complete digestion kinetic studies with eight to 10 fermentation times. The substantial genetic variation among these maize inbreds shows good potential for development of silage hybrids with improved fiber digestion parameters. Year and year x genotype interactions were significant suggesting that identification of superior inbred lines will require evaluations in multiple environments. C1 Univ Minnesota, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, FCR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Cluster, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Cluster, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jungx002@maroon.tc.umn.edu NR 33 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100034 ER PT J AU Crouch, HK Crouch, JH Jarret, RL Cregan, PB Ortiz, R AF Crouch, HK Crouch, JH Jarret, RL Cregan, PB Ortiz, R TI Segregation at microsatellite loci in haploid and diploid gametes of Musa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; PLANTAIN MUSA; AAB GROUP; MARKERS; HYBRIDS; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS; GENETICS; TRAITS AB The triploid genome of plantain (Musa spp., AA group) has been considered intractable to genetic improvement because of the production of putatively homogeneous 2n (= 3x) gametes. Plantain breeding schemes have been based on the hybridization of 2n megaspores from the triploid plantain and haploid microspores from a wild diploid banana. The resultant full-sib populations of tetraploid hybrids exhibited extreme variation in phenotypic characteristics. This study was conducted to analyze the genetic constitution of tetraploid hybrids in order to characterize the nature of the gametes from which they were derived. Parental genotypes were screened with 31 primer pairs specific to different Musa microsatellite loci. Primers which detected polymorphisms between the parental genotypes were used to screen a population of 14 full-sib tetraploid hybrids. A subset of primers was also used to screen a population generated by self-pollination of the parental diploid banana. During analysis of the tetraploid hybrid population, 75% of the alleles donated by the maternal genotype (Obino l'Ewai) were observed to segregate. These data demonstrate the occurrence of recombination during the formation of 2n megaspores in triploid plantain. Analysis of the paternal diploid banana accession (Calcutta 4) and its selfed progeny suggests that this accession is highly heterozygous. These data demonstrate the importance of genetic characterization to Musa breeding, and also indicate that microsatellite markers are well suited for marker-assisted selection systems in Musa. C1 LW Lambourn & Co, IITA High Rainfall Substn, Croydon CR9 3EE, England. Plant Genet Resources, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA, ARS, SARL, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crouch, JH (reprint author), LW Lambourn & Co, IITA High Rainfall Substn, 26 Dingwall Rd, Croydon CR9 3EE, England. EM IITA@cgnet.com NR 50 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100035 ER PT J AU Eizenga, GC Schardl, CL Phillips, TD Sleper, DA AF Eizenga, GC Schardl, CL Phillips, TD Sleper, DA TI Differentiation of tall fescue monosomic lines using RFLP markers and double monosomic analysis SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA SCHREB; LOCI AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., 2n =6x =42) is a major cool-season pasture and turf grass with the genome constitution PPG(1)G(1)G(2)G(2). Lack of aneuploid stocks hinders genetic studies in this important grass. The objective of this study was to characterize 23 fertile, embryo culture-derived, 'Kenwell' tall fescue monosomic lines by means of (i) RFLP markers, (ii) double monosomic analysis, and (iii) isozyme phenotypes of Fl progeny. Standard procedures were used for RFLP chemiluminescent detection, crossing, cytogenetic analyses, and obtaining isozyme banding patterns. Using RFLP markers, we ascertained that four monosomic lines were hemizygous for a P-genome marker and the 23 plants were placed into 17 groups based on plants having the same RFLP handing patterns. For double monosomic analysis,metaphase I chromosome pairing relationships were ascertained for 220 F-1 progeny from 26 crosses among the monosomic lines. Five of the progeny were trisomic, 148 disomic, 60 monosomic, and seven had 40 chromosomes. All of the 40-chromosome progeny were double monosomic plants, indicating the monosomes carried in the parents were not the same chromosome. Isozyme phenotypes were ascertained for 203 F-1 progeny from crosses for double monosomic analysis which had both 42-and 41-chromosome progeny to determine if an isozyme locus mapped to the monosome from the female parent. A PGI-2 locus most likely mapped to one monosome. Double monosomic analysis provided evidence that at least four of the 21 possible tall fescue monosomic lines were obtained. C1 ARS, USDA, NRGEEC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Eizenga, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NRGEEC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RI Schardl, Christopher/P-5655-2014 OI Schardl, Christopher/0000-0003-2197-0842 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100037 ER PT J AU Torbert, KA Rines, HW Somers, DA AF Torbert, KA Rines, HW Somers, DA TI Transformation of oat using mature embryo-derived tissue cultures SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; TRANSGENIC WHEAT PLANTS; AVENA-SATIVA L; RAPID PRODUCTION; HIGH-FREQUENCY; REGENERATION; FERTILE; CALLUS; BOMBARDMENT; SELECTION AB Mature embryos of oat (Avena sativa L.) have been used to establish regenerable tissue cultures with potential use for transformation. The objective of this study was to investigate tissue cultures established from mature embryos of oat as an alternative source of totipotent target cells for microprojectile bombardment-mediated transformation. Mature embryos of a specific genotype, GAF/Park-1, were incubated on a tissue culture induction medium for 1, 4, 8, or 9 wk before either being directly bombarded after 1 and 4 wk, or bombarded as tissue cultures initiated after 8 and 9 wk incubation. The 8-and 9-wk-old tissue cultures yielded the greatest numbers of transgenic tissue cultures (3.2 transgenic tissue cultures per microprojectile bombardment treatment). Three additional transformation experiments were conducted with mature embryo-derived 8-to 9-wk-old tissue cultures to determine the regeneration capacity and production of fertile transgenic plants. Overall, fertile plants were regenerated from 35 of 85 independently derived transgenic tissue cultures. Identification of mature embryo-derived tissue cultures as a source of transformable totipotent cells should reduce the expense and labor involved in oat transformation. Moreover, the uniformity and convenience of this explant likely will stimulate further investigations in oat transformation efficiency. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Somers, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 226 EP 231 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100038 ER PT J AU Lin, SF Baumer, JS Ivers, D de Cianzio, SR Shoemaker, RC AF Lin, SF Baumer, JS Ivers, D de Cianzio, SR Shoemaker, RC TI Field and nutrient solution tests measure similar mechanisms controlling iron deficiency chlorosis in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCREENING SOYBEANS; FE-EFFICIENCY; SELECTION; RESISTANCE AB Nutrient solution systems have been considered an alternative method to field evaluations for studies of iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) and for breeding soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with improved iron efficiency. Although rates of gain are similar for both methods, it has not been previously demonstrated that field tests and nutrient solution tests for IDC measure similar genetic mechanisms. To test this, quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified in nutrient solutions were compared with those previously identified in field studies. F-2:4 lines from two populations, Pride B216 x A15 and Anoka x A7, were grown in nutrient solution and evaluated for IDC by visual scores and determinations of chlorophyll concentrations. In the Anoka x A7 population, one major gene on linkage group N, and modifying QTL on linkage groups Al and I,that were previously mapped during field tests, also were identified in the nutrient solution test. In the Pride B216 x A15 population, one QTL previously mapped on Linkage Group I during field tests was not identified in the nutrient solution test, and a newly identified QTL was mapped on Linkage Group B1. QTL on Linkage Groups B2, G, and N were identified in both field and nutrient solution tests. We concluded that similar QTL are identified in nutrient solution and field tests and, therefore, both systems identify similar genetic mechanisms of iron uptake and/or utilization. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Land OLakes Inc, Webster, IA 50595 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Lin, Shun-Fu/0000-0002-4358-5024 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 254 EP 259 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100043 ER PT J AU Holbrook, CC Noe, JP Gorbet, DW Stephenson, MG AF Holbrook, CC Noe, JP Gorbet, DW Stephenson, MG TI Evaluation of peanut breeding lines with resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM AB The peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] causes significant economic losses throughout the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production areas of the southern USA. No resistant peanut cultivars are available; however, a breeding-line (UF81206) has been observed to be less sensitive to M. arenaria than commercial cultivars. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity to M. arenaria of UF81206 and related breeding lines and to determine if these-responses are due to tolerance, or resistance. The yield of 10 peanut genotypes was evaluated for 2 yr in a field with high M. arenaria population densities and in a held with little or no M. arenaria. Two greenhouse tests were conducted to measure nematode reproduction. The breeding lines UF81206-Q4, UF81206, and UF93111 yielded similarly to Florunner when grown in fields with no nematodes and significantly higher than Florunner when grown in fields with high nematode population densities. These genotypes also supported less nematode reproduction in greenhouse trials, indicating that these genotypes have a moderate level of resistance. PI203396 is in the pedigree of these breeding lines and also exhibited a moderate level of resistance in a greenhouse trial. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. RP Holbrook, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 260 EP 262 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100044 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Piccioni, E Falcinelli, M Liston, A AF Steiner, JJ Piccioni, E Falcinelli, M Liston, A TI Germplasm diversity among cultivars and the NPGS crimson clover collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; RAPD MARKERS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ASTRAGALUS FABACEAE; REGISTRATION; CONFIDENCE AB Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) is a cool-season annual forage legume. Few morphological traits are recorded to distinguish genotypes and very little is known about its genetic diversity. The objective of this research was to classify and characterize the genetic diversity in the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) accessions and USA and European Economic Community (EEC) cultivars. Descriptions of EEC cultivars and their breeding histories are also presented. A secondary objective was to determine if T. incarnatum var. molinerii (Balb. ex Hornem.) Ser. should be considered a distinct species. Genomic DNA from leaves of 37 taxa was examined in 1993 by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 29 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Plants grown in the greenhouse were also observed for inflorescence color and relative flowering time. Cluster analysis of pairwise means of RAPD maker distances and cultivar pedigree histories revealed similar genetic backgrounds among most cultivars. Flower color was associated with RAPD marker grouping (P less than or equal to 0.02) but flowering time was not (P less than or equal to 0.31). Both red vs. non-red inflorescence color and early-vs. late-flowering traits could be predicted by specific RAPD bands (95 and 93% accuracy, respectively). Analysis of internal transcribed spacer region sequences (ITS) from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) showed diverse crimson clover taxon to be more similar to one another than to var. molinerii (0.4 and 0.9% base pair differences, respectively; P less than or equal to 0.001). Because of the limited diversity within the current NPGS collection, additional accessions should be collected, morphologically evaluated, and genetically analyzed to broaden the genetic base of the collection. Crimson clover var. molinerii is a sister taxa of more typical crimson clover accessions but exhibits enough ITS diversity to be classified as another species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Product Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Perugia, Ist Miglioramento Genet Vegetale, I-06121 Perugia, Italy. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Product Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 263 EP 271 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100045 ER PT J AU Heatherly, LG Tyler, JM AF Heatherly, LG Tyler, JM TI Response of nonirrigated maturity group V determinate soybean to end-trimming SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Obtaining accurate seed yield information from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] field research environments and concurrently conserving valuable held space is desirable. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plot length and alley width on the response of short-and tall-statured Maturity Group (MG) V soybean cultivars to end-trimming after maturity. Experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 at the Delta Research and Extension Center at Stoneville, MS, (lat. 33 degrees 26').'Hutcheson' (relatively short stature) and 'DP 3589' in 1995 and 'DP 3588' in 1996 (both relatively tall stature) were planted on 9 May 1995 and 15 May 1996. Treatments were plot length (6.10 or 15.25 m), alley width (0.90 or 2.45 m), and end-trim length (0, 0.45, or 0.90 m). Average height of Hutcheson at maturity was 52 cm in 1995 and 55 cm in 1996, while average height of DP 3589 in 1995 and DP 3588 in 1996 was 88 cm. All cultivars responded similarly in yield to all factors in this experiment. End-trim length was the only factor that significantly affected average yield. Not end-trimming resulted in an average yield of 2573 kg ha(-1) while end-trimming either 0.45 or 0.90 m resulted in average yields that were nearly identical (2356 and 2337 kg ha(-1) respectively). Contrary to our hypothesis, increasing plot length from 6.10 to 15.25 m and decreasing alley width from 2.45 to 0.90 m did not negate the end-of-plot effect on yield of soybean grown in nonirrigated field plots. These results indicate that soybean grown in plots with row lengths and alley widths that are within the confines of the dimensions used in our experiment should be end-trimmed to eliminate end-of-plot effects. Also, field space can be conserved by using the 6.1-m plot length and the 0.90-m alley width. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Heatherly, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Res Unit, POB 343, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 272 EP 274 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100046 ER PT J AU Cash, SD Majerus, ME Scheetz, JC Holzworth, LK Murphy, CL Wichman, DM Bowman, HF Ditterline, RL AF Cash, SD Majerus, ME Scheetz, JC Holzworth, LK Murphy, CL Wichman, DM Bowman, HF Ditterline, RL TI Registration of 'trailhead' basin wildrye SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Bridger, MT 59014 USA. USDA, NRCS, State Off, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. USDA, NRCS, Pondera Village Shopping Ctr, Conrad, MT 59425 USA. Cent Montana Agr Res Ctr, Moccasin, MT 59462 USA. RP Cash, SD (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, POB 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 278 EP 278 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100047 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J AF Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J TI Registration of 'Mackinac' navy bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Mich Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 280 EP 280 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100050 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Long, RA Taylor, J AF Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Long, RA Taylor, J TI Registration of 'Red Hawk' dark red kidney bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI USA. Michigan Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 2 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 280 EP 281 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100051 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ Auld, DL Kraft, JM AF Muehlbauer, FJ Auld, DL Kraft, JM TI Registration of 'Granger' Austrian winter pea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 281 EP 281 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100052 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ Kusmenoglu, I AF Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ Kusmenoglu, I TI Registration of 'Dwelley' chickpea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Minist Agr, Cent Res Inst Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 282 EP 283 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100054 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ Kusmenoglu, I AF Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ Kusmenoglu, I TI Registration of 'Sanford' chickpea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Minist Agr, Cent Res Inst Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 282 EP 282 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100053 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ Van Rheenen, HA Kaiser, WJ AF Muehlbauer, FJ Van Rheenen, HA Kaiser, WJ TI Registration of 'Myles' chickpea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 3 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100055 ER PT J AU Ohm, HW Shaner, GE Aldridge, WG Buechley, GC Ratcliffe, RH Cambron, SE AF Ohm, HW Shaner, GE Aldridge, WG Buechley, GC Ratcliffe, RH Cambron, SE TI Registration of 'Classic' oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100057 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Nielson, DC Ogle, DG Johnson, DA Young, SA AF Jones, TA Nielson, DC Ogle, DG Johnson, DA Young, SA TI Registration of sand hollow squirreltail germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Crop Improvement Assoc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, NRCS, Boise, ID 83705 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tomjones@cc.usu.edu NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 286 EP 286 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100059 ER PT J AU Taylor, NL Anderson, JA Williams, EG AF Taylor, NL Anderson, JA Williams, EG TI Registration of Trifolium ambiguum x T-repens hexaploid germplasm HBC/F2-C SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLOVER GERMPLASM; POPULATIONS C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. CSIRO, Div Hort, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Taylor, NL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Agr Sci Bldg N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 286 EP 287 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100060 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Thompson, AE Coffelt, TA AF Dierig, DA Thompson, AE Coffelt, TA TI Registration of three Lesquerella fendleri germplasm lines selected for improved oil traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100061 ER PT J AU Kaeppler, SM Galusha, DD Thomas-Compton, M Doupnik, B Jensen, S Compton, WA AF Kaeppler, SM Galusha, DD Thomas-Compton, M Doupnik, B Jensen, S Compton, WA TI Registration of N211, N217, and N218 parental inbred lines of maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, S Cent Res & Ext Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68520 USA. RP Kaeppler, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 289 EP 289 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YV994 UT WOS:000071885100064 ER PT B AU Floyd, JP AF Floyd, JP GP RMRS RMRS TI Legal and illegal trade between Mexico and the US in plants and plant products listed under CITES SO CROSS BORDER WATERS: FRAGILE TREASURES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th US/Mexico Border States Conference on Recreation, Parks and Wildlife CY JUN 03-06, 1998 CL UNIV ARIZONA SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES, TUCSON, AZ SP AZ Game & Fish Dept, AZ State Pks Dept, USDI Bureau Land Management, USDI Natl Pk Serv, Univ Arizona, US Army Yuma Proving Grounds, USDI Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv Rocky Mt Res Stn HO UNIV ARIZONA SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES AB CITES, (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) as it applies to plants and its enforcement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture along the U.S./Mexico border, is summarized. Examples of protected taxa are presented along with recent information about the listing of Mexican cactus seed on CITES. Trade data and enforcement activities obtained from our own records, and those of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, are presented with regard to cycads, orchids, cactus, and cactus wood from Mexico and legal trade between the U.S. and Mexico in artificially propagated CITES listed plants. These data show that there is little or no legal trade in wild collected CITES plants, trade in artificially propagated Mexican cacti is just beginning, and there is limited trade in artificially propagated orchid plants. Commercial shipments of cactus wood from Sonora are imported legally into the United States with some smuggling of this material from Mexico. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Nogales, AZ 85621 USA. RP Floyd, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Nogales, AZ 85621 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1998 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM67C UT WOS:000079414500013 ER PT J AU Lopez-Corrales, NL Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL AF Lopez-Corrales, NL Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL TI Comparative gene mapping: cytogenetic localization of PROC, EN1, ALPI, TNP1, and IL1B in cattle and sheep reveals a conserved rearrangement relative to the human genome SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PHYSICAL ASSIGNMENT; BOVINE; CHROMOSOME-2; GOAT; HOMOLOGIES; FISH AB The cytogenetic locations of the genes for protein C (PROC), transition protein 1 (TNP1), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALPI), engrailed (EN1), and human protointerleukin beta (IL1B) have been compared between cattle (Bos taurus, BTA) and sheep (Ovis aries, OAR). Bovine YAC and cosmid clones were used as FISH probes to determine the order (centromere to telomere) of four of these genes on OAR 2q, as well as the location of IL1B on OAR 3p. In cattle, IL1B and EN1 were assigned to BTA 11 and BTA 2, respectively. Alignment of the ovine, bovine, and human physical maps based on these data shows that segments of conserved synteny and chromosomal rearrangements detected between cattle and human are also found in sheep, where the order in cattle is conserved. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Roslin Inst, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM smith@email.marc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1998 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1159/000015161 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 165WC UT WOS:000078544000011 PM 9925918 ER PT J AU Bauchan, GR Hossain, MA AF Bauchan, GR Hossain, MA TI Chromosome banding studies of lucerne, Medicago sativa SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 SU S MA P132 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 115GH UT WOS:000075654800157 ER PT J AU Chen, X Palmer, RG AF Chen, X Palmer, RG TI Genetics of the k2 Mdh 1-n y20 chromosome region in soybean SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 SU S MA P136 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 115GH UT WOS:000075654800161 ER PT J AU Wessman, SJ Levings, RL AF Wessman, SJ Levings, RL TI Collective experiences of adventitious viruses of animal-derived raw materials and what can be done about them SO CYTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal-derived raw materials; bovine viral diarrhea virus; contamination ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; BOVINE FETAL SERUM; CELL-CULTURES; BORDER DISEASE; HOG-CHOLERA; CONTAMINATION; PESTIVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; PRODUCTS AB Contamination of animal-derived raw materials with viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria and fungi is common. These contaminants can interfere with the diagnosis of viral infection, and vaccines produced using infected cell cultures could lead to seroconversion or disease in the vaccinated animal. The purity, safety and efficacy of viral vaccines requires testing of the ingredients, cell substrates and final product. Methods for detection of viruses, especially bovine viral diarrhea virus, in nutrient serum, cell cultures, seed viruses and viral vaccines, and the frequency of their detection at the Center for Veterinary Biologics are discussed. C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Vet Biol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wessman, SJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Vet Biol Lab, POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9069 J9 CYTOTECHNOLOGY JI Cytotechnology PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1-3 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1023/A:1008005026243 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 190XZ UT WOS:000079991700005 PM 19003405 ER PT J AU Zhang, QY Cooper, RK Wolters, WR Tiersch, TR AF Zhang, QY Cooper, RK Wolters, WR Tiersch, TR TI Isolation, culture and characterization of a primary fibroblast cell line from channel catfish SO CYTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibroblast cell line; characterization; Ictalurus punctatus; teleost AB A primary cell line (designated as CCf) derived from caudal fin tissue of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, was developed using explant techniques. The cell line grew fastest in media supplied with FBS and; channel catfish serum. The duplication time of the cell line under optimal conditions was similar to 56 h at a plating density of 1.1 x 10(5) cells/ml. The cell line has been propagated continuously for 25 passages (1:4 dilution per passage), cryopreserved, and recovered successfully at different passages. The cultured cells had fibroblastic morphology, and synthesized fibronectin and Type I and III collagens in the cytoplasm. The cell line maintained the normal diploid chromosome number (58) of channel catfish throughout the experiment. Nucleolus organizer regions were located on the short arms of a pair of medium-sized submetacentrics, which is typical for channel catfish. This study provides a method for acquiring a cell line from juvenile catfish without sacrifice, and is especially useful for early screening of valuable fishes. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Tiersch, TR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9069 J9 CYTOTECHNOLOGY JI Cytotechnology PY 1998 VL 26 IS 2 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1023/A:1007911619537 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA ZC059 UT WOS:000072535400002 PM 22358545 ER PT J AU Wells, LL Lowry, VK DeLoach, JR Kogut, MH AF Wells, LL Lowry, VK DeLoach, JR Kogut, MH TI Age-dependent phagocytosis and bactericidal activities of the chicken heterophil SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterophil; phagocytosis; bactericidal activity; Salmonella; age; chicken ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; AVIAN HETEROPHILS; LEUKOCYTES; RESISTANCE; MONOCYTES; INVITRO; YOUNG AB Chicks are most susceptible to Salmonella infection during the first 4 days posthatch, In poultry, one of the primary cells in the innate immune response to early bacterial invasion by Salmonella is the heterophil. Previous studies using a granulocytopenic chicken model in more mature birds demonstrated the significant role heterophils have in the defense mechanism against Salmonella, In the past studies have also shown the efficiency of heterophils from 3- to 5-week-old chickens to phagocytose and kill Salmonella as compared to monocytes, During the present study, we investigated the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of heterophils from chickens during the first 7 days post-hatch to evaluate whether decreased heterophil function plays a role in the susceptibility of young chicks to Salmonella infections, Peripheral blood counts demonstrated no differences in the percentages of heterophils during the first week post-hatch. The phagocytic index of the heterophil did not change on day I or day 4, but doubled by day 7 (day I, 30.69; day 4, 33.99; day 7, 60,46), Interestingly, the bactericidal activity of the heterophils from all three age groups efficiently killed Salmonella enteritidis. Based on this data, we conclude that a relationship exists between the age of the chick, the functional activity of the heterophil, and the susceptibility to organ invasion by Salmonella. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USAD, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USAD, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 37 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0145-305X(97)00024-4 PG 7 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA ZW224 UT WOS:000074388100009 PM 9617587 ER PT J AU Asanovich, KM Johnson, B Chang, WJ Barb, CR Rampacek, GB Kraeling, RR AF Asanovich, KM Johnson, B Chang, WJ Barb, CR Rampacek, GB Kraeling, RR TI Delay of estradiol-induced surge secretion of LH in gilts by intracerebroventricular injection of morphine SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; PLASMA LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; OVARIECTOMIZED PIGS; OPIOID MODULATION; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; PROESTROUS SURGE; PREPUBERTAL GILT; LACTATING SOWS; ESTROGEN AB In Experiment 1, ovariectomized (OVX) gilts, 143 d old and 58.5 +/- 1.8 kg BW, received 10 mu g estradiol benzoate (EB)/kg BW i.m. and either 500 mu g of the endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) agonist, morphine (MOR), in saline (SAL; n = 5), or SAL (Ii = 4) intracerebro-ventricularly at 40 and 48 hr after EB. With the exception of one MOR-treated gilt, which was deleted from Experiment 1, LH secretion was suppressed for at least 50 hr in all gilts. Timing of the LH surge was similar among gilts. However, total LH secreted was greater (P < 0.05) after SAL than MOR. The experiment was repeated at 179 d of age and 78.6 +/- 1.2 kg BW, except that treatments were reversed among gilts. Emergence of the LH surge was delayed (P < 0.005)by 10.8 hr and time to maximum LH concentration (P < 0.05) by 6.8 hr after MOR than after SAL. Magnitude and total LH secreted were not different among gilts. In Experiment 2, gilts which had displayed estrous cycles of 18-22 d were OVX and treated as in Experiment 1, except MOR (n = 3) or SAL (n = 4) were injected 10 hr later than in Experiment 1, i.e., at 50 and 58 hr after EB. Secretion of LH was suppressed for at least 60 hr in both groups. Time to emergence of the LH surge was delayed by 27 hr (P < 0.05) after MOR compared to after SAL. However, other parameters of the surge were not different among gilts. Thus, EOP modulate LH surge secretion negatively in the pig. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1998. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Rampacek, GB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(97)00061-1 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YN252 UT WOS:000071148300005 PM 9437584 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Yan, X Azain, MJ Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB Ramsay, TG AF Barb, CR Yan, X Azain, MJ Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB Ramsay, TG TI Recombinant porcine leptin reduces feed intake and stimulates growth hormone secretion in swine SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; OBESE GENE-PRODUCT; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; OB PROTEIN; SOMATOSTATIN; HYPOTHALAMUS; RELEASE; SERUM; PIGS AB Two experiments (EXP) were conducted to test the hypothesis that porcine leptin affects GH, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin, thyroxine (T-4,) secretion, and feed intake. In EXP I, prepuberal gilts received intracerebroventricular (ICV) leptin injections. Blood was collected every 15 min for 4 hr before and 3 hr after ICV injections of 0.9% saline (S; n = 3), 10 mu g (n = 4), 50 mu g (it = 4), or 100 mu g (n = 4) of leptin in S. Pigs were fed each day at 0800 and 1700 hr over a 2-wk period before the EXP. On the day of the EXP, pigs were fed at 0800 hr and blood sampling started at 0900 h. After the last sample was collected, feeders were placed in all pens. Feed intake was monitored at 4, 20, and 44 hr after feed presentation. In EXP II, pituitary cells from prepuberal gilts were studied in primary culture to determine if leptin affects GH secretion at the level of the pituitary. On Day 4 of culture, 10(5) cells/well were challenged with 10(-12), 10(-10), 10(-8), or 10(-6) M [Ala(15)]-h growth hormone-releasing factor-(1-29)NH2 (GRF), 10(-14)?, 10(-13), 10(-12), 10(-11), 10(-10) 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), or 10(-6) M leptin individually or in combinations with 10(-8) and 10(-6) M GRF. Secreted GH was measured at 4 hr after treatment. In EXP I, before injection, serum GH concentrations were similar. Serum GH concentrations increased (P < 0.01) after injection of 10 mu g (21 +/- ng/ml), 50 mu g (9 +/- 1 ng/ml), and 100 mu g (13 +/- 1 ng/ml) of leptin compared with S (1 +/-: 2 ng/ml) treated pigs. The GH response to leptin was greater (P < 0.001) in 10 mu g than 50 or 100 mu g leptin-treated pigs. By 20 hr the 10, 50, and 100 mu g doses of leptin reduced feed intake by 53% (P < 0.08), 76%, and 90% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with S pigs. Serum IGF-I, insulin, T-4, glucose, and free fatty acids were unaffected by leptin treatment. In EXP II, relative to control (31 +/- 2 ng/well), 10(-10), 10(-8), and 10(-6) M GRF increased (P < 0.01) GH secretion by 131%, 156%, and 170%, respectively. Only 10(-6) M and 10(-7) M leptin increased (P < 0.01) GH secretion. Addition of 10(-11) and 10(-9) M leptin in combination with 10(-6) M GRF or 10(-11) M leptin in combination with 10(-8) M GRF-suppressed (P < 0.05) GH secretion. These results indicate that leptin modulates GH secretion and, as shown in other species, leptin suppressed feed intake in the pig. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1998. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 37 TC 161 Z9 169 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(97)00064-7 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YN252 UT WOS:000071148300008 PM 9437587 ER PT B AU Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Jaynes, DB AF Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Jaynes, DB BE Brown, LC TI Environmental impacts of agricultural drainage in the Midwest SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE nitrate-nitrogen; crop water use; watershed; precipitation AB Throughout the Midwest over 30 percent of the cropland has subsurface drainage. This practice is necessary to remove excess water from the poorly drained soils and allow for crop production. However, the environmental implications of this practice have not been documented except in limited studies. This study was undertaken on the Walnut Creek watershed to evaluate the impact of subsurface drainage on stream and ground water quality and the role of water use by the crop as part of the water balance in drained agricultural areas. Monitoring of subsurface drainage has been done since 1991 and shows a pattern of spring peaks in discharge after the soil thaws and continuing into the summer until the crops begin to extract more soil water than is supplied by precipitation. Mobile chemicals, e.g., nitrate-nitrogen and pesticides, follow the pattern of drainage in their movement through the soil profile. Removal of nitrate-nitrogen from the soil profile varied among years depending upon the summer precipitation pattern. Reducing the movement of agricultural chemicals through subsurface drainage requires modifying the availability of chemicals in the soil profile. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900004 ER PT B AU Ayars, JE Schoneman, RA Soppe, RW Mead, RM AF Ayars, JE Schoneman, RA Soppe, RW Mead, RM BE Brown, LC TI Irrigating cotton in the presence of shallow ground water SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE drip irrigation; furrow irrigation; salinity; irrigation scheduling AB Precisely irrigating a crop in the presence of shallow ground water is difficult because the ground water contribution to the crop water requirement is unknown for most crops. This paper presents the results of irrigating cotton in the presence of shallow ground water using subsurface drip, sprinkler, furrow, and flood irrigation. Yields were generally higher with the pressurized systems compared to the flood and furrow systems. A crop coefficient which accounted for shallow ground water use by cotton was effectively used in reducing the total applied water without reducing yields. Sprinkler irrigation was effective in reducing leaf yellowing of cotton grown in clay soils. C1 ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 82 EP 89 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900009 ER PT B AU Shouse, PJ Ayers, JE Jobes, JA Fargerlund, JA Schonemon, R AF Shouse, PJ Ayers, JE Jobes, JA Fargerlund, JA Schonemon, R BE Brown, LC TI Managing shallow groundwater: Soil and groundwater salinity responses SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE irrigation water sources; drainage water salinity; sub-surface drip irrigation AB Use of in-situ shallow groundwater for irrigation was previously not considered as an alternative method for drainage water source reduction by regulatory agencies or farmers. Our objectives in this research were to develop irrigation management criteria to maximize the use of shallow groundwater as an irrigation water source during the growing season, while minimizing salt discharge, and salinity impacts on crop yields. Our study was located on a farm in the central valley of California, identified as a drainage problem area and because one quarter section contained subsurface drains. We used several irrigation management alternatives as treatments during our three year study. Salinity of the irrigation water, drainage water, shallow groundwater, and soil were measured. The salinity of the irrigation water was constant during all years except during a drought year when well water was used for irrigation. Drainage water and shallow groundwater salinity contents were virtually identical. The shallow groundwater table salinity never reached a high enough concentration to restrict crops from using this water. Root zone soil salinity decreased somewhat in treatments with positive water balances during our three year study. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Shouse, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900014 ER PT B AU Lentz, RD Sojka, RE Kincaid, DC AF Lentz, RD Sojka, RE Kincaid, DC BE Brown, LC TI Design and calibration of percolation samplers for measuring polyacrylamide-amended furrow-irrigation effects on drainage water quality SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE irrigation management; water quality; furrow infiltration; erosion control; drainage AB Amending irrigation furrow inflows with polyacrylamide (PAM) at low concentrations (10 mg L-1) reduces irrigation-induced erosion by 94% and increases infiltration by 15%, relative to untreated furrows. We hypothesized that PAM erosion-control technology would allow irrigation managers to increase furrow inflows to speed furrow-stream advance, produce a more uniform water distribution down field, and reduce the leaching hazard at the upper end (due to reduced infiltration opportunity lime and/or shorter sets). We developed, tested, and installed instruments in a furrow irrigated Portneuf silt loam (Co-Si, mixed, mesic, Durixerollic Calciorthids with 1.6% slope) to investigate this premise. Soils were instrumented with repeating pulse multivibrator (CS-615) soil water sensors, thermocouples, tensiometers, and percolation soil water samplers at upper and lower ends of the furrows. Percolation samplers consisted of a 23-cm-deep, 20-cm-dia, stainless-steel beaker with a 17-cm-long, 4-cm-dia., 0.5 bar air-entry ceramic cup imbedded in a 5-cm-deep silica flour layer, slurried into the beaker bottom. Water was collected under suction ((similar to)1.4x ambient) via teflon tubes. Percolation sampler design and testing, field installation, and study experimental design are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900030 ER PT B AU Mohanty, BP AF Mohanty, BP BE Brown, LC TI Modeling tile flow using different saturated hydraulic conductivity measurement techniques SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE saturated hydraulic conductivity; disc permeameter; Guelph permeameter; velocity permeameter; double tube method; soil core; piecewise-continuous hydraulic functions; numerical modeling AB Preferential flow through macropores and/or other structural voids in field soils often occurs at or near saturation. Our previous research [Mohanty et al., 1999] showed significant differences in the value of the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) of a glacial till soil in central Iowa when obtained with five different measurement techniques. The five K-s measurement techniques included one laboratory constant head permeameter method and four in situ methods, namely, a disc permeameter, Guelph permeameter, velocity permeameter, and a double tube permeameter. Differences in measured K-s were contributed to differences in sample size, existence or absence of open-ended macropores, and measurement principles. In the present study K-s values estimated by the different measurement techniques at different depths are used in a two-dimensional numerical model, CHAIN_2D, to predict water flow in a subsurface the drain in the same field. Comparisons are made between predicted and observed the flows over several crop growing seasons. Preferential flow observed in the the drain during large storm events was described best when using K,values measured with the disc permeameter and double tube permeameter methods, both of which better preserve the flow boundary conditions, representative elementary volume (REV), and macropore structures of the field soil. Quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that the disc permeameter was judged to be the best suited for the field site. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Mohanty, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 330 EP 337 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900038 ER PT B AU Fouss, JL Rogers, JS AF Fouss, JL Rogers, JS BE Brown, LC TI Justification of automated water table control systems SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE subsurface drainage; controlled-drainage; subirrigation; water management AB Operation of water table management systems can be a difficult task in some humid climate areas because of the erratic spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall. The timing of changes needed to control subsurface drainage or subirrigation is the major problem for farmers who attempt to operate these systems manually. Such timing is especially acute in humid areas with fine textured soils, where a small drainable porosity of 3 to 6% combined with frequent rainfall events can cause rapid and large fluctuations in water table depth. The magnitude of fluctuations within the root-zone are often more critical than the mean depth of the water table in terms of crop response and yield. Monitoring of field water table depth between subsurface drainlines is an important performance parameter to properly adjust the drainage outlet water level. With an automated control system, water table depth is measured (monitored) frequently with a water level sensor. The sensor output is used as a feedback signal to automatically adjust the outlet water level. This paper presents a modeling/simulation approach to select and to evaluate the performance of an automated control system with given outlet options or constraints, and to determine the economic benefit (if any) by use of the system, based upon predicted improved crop response and yields. The method can be expanded to evaluate possible benefits of automated control in reducing losses of applied agrochemicals in runoff or subsurface drainage. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70893 USA. RP Fouss, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, Mid S Area, Baton Rouge, LA 70893 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 400 EP 412 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900046 ER PT B AU Willis, GH Southwick, LM Fouss, JL AF Willis, GH Southwick, LM Fouss, JL BE Brown, LC TI Nitrates in runoff and leachate from controlled-water-table plots on a Mississippi River alluvial soil SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE subdrainage; subirrigation; water quality; water management AB Nitrate movement into surface and ground waters has become a concern for both environmental (eutrophication) and health (methemoglobinemia) reasons. Controlled drainage and subirrigation have been used to reduce nitrate losses in runoff and drain outflow in North Carolina. N-fertilizers (224 kg N/ha) were applied to corn plots instrumented for water table control on silty clay loam soil in Louisiana. Data for 1996 suggest that water table control is a promising tool for managing soil water to reduce nitrate loads in surface and ground waters on high-water-table soils. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Willis, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 559 EP 566 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900067 ER PT B AU Boyd, WH Farmer, LJ AF Boyd, WH Farmer, LJ BE Brown, LC TI On farm water management in the Everglades Agricultural Area SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE Everglades; organic soils; field ditches; water control structures; pumping strategies AB Farmers of organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area manage irrigation and drainage water for agricultural production, wafer qualify, and subsidence prevention. They are expected to cooperate with flood control, draught response, and in providing the hydroperiod needs of wildlife in the Everglades. To do this they must have a water management infrastructure with adequate and stable field ditches and canals, properly designed water control structures, sufficient pumping capacity and planned pumping strategies. Current application of water management technology in the EAA is a result of years of practical experience and the application of traditional engineering science. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Everglades Agr Area Project Off, Wellington, FL 33411 USA. RP Boyd, WH (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Everglades Agr Area Project Off, Wellington, FL 33411 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 592 EP 598 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900071 ER PT B AU Southwick, LM Willis, GH Fouss, JL AF Southwick, LM Willis, GH Fouss, JL BE Brown, LC TI Water table control effects on leaching losses of soil-applied herbicides SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE atrazine; metolachlor; pendimethalin; chlorpyrifos AB The effect of water table management on leaching losses of atrazine and metolachlor was investigated for 91 days after chemical application in a field study on Mississippi River alluvial soil (Commerce silt loam). Water flow into the subsurface drains(1 m deep) from plots with water table management at 45 cm (CWT45) or 75 cm (CWT75) below the soil surface was about one third that from plots with traditional uncontrolled subsurface drainage (DRN)-a statistical difference. The concentrations of the two herbicides in the drain outflow did not show the same trend as water flow, so that total leaching losses of the chemicals, although less from the CWT45 and CWT75 treatments, were not statistically lower than that from thr DRN plots. Additional studies are planned in which water tables are controlled with respect to predicted and actual rainfall. C1 USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. RP Southwick, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 25071, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 668 EP 675 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900079 ER PT J AU Gabbard, DS Huang, C Norton, LD Steinhardt, GC AF Gabbard, DS Huang, C Norton, LD Steinhardt, GC TI Landscape position, surface hydraulic gradients and erosion processes SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; hillslope hydrology; seepage; drainage; hydraulic gradient ID GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE; SOIL-EROSION AB Different hydraulic gradients, especially due to seepage or drainage, at different locations on a hillslope profile may have a profound effect on the dominant erosion processes. A laboratory study was designed to simulate hillslope processes and quantify effects of surface hydraulic gradients on erosion for a Glynwood clay loam soil (fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalf). A 5 m long, 1.2 m wide soil pan was used at 5 and 10 per cent slopes with an external watering tube to vary the soil bed's hydrological conditions. Different combinations of slope steepness with seepage or drainage gradients were used to simulate the hydrologic conditions on a 5 m segment of a hillslope profile. Runoff samples were taken during rainfall only and rainfall with added inflow. Results showed that, under drainage conditions, interrill processes dominated and rilling was Limited. The surface contained scattered crescent-shaped pits after the run. Under seepage conditions, rilling processes dominated and the inflow introduced at the top of the soil pan further accelerated the headward erosion of the rills. Erosion rates increased by as much as 60 times under seepage conditions representative of the lower backslope when compared to drainage conditions that generally occur at the upper backslope. This indicated that rills and gullies on backslopes and footslopes may be catalysed or enhanced by seepage conditions rather than form from flow hydraulic shear stress alone. An understanding of spatial and temporal changes that affect both hillslope hydrology and erosional processes is needed to develop accurate process-based erosion prediction models. This knowledge may lead to different management practices on landscape positions where seepage occurs. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Huang, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 1196 SOIL Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 23 IS 1 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199801)23:1<83::AID-ESP825>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA YT274 UT WOS:000071583500006 ER PT J AU Waide, RB Zimmerman, JK Scatena, FN AF Waide, RB Zimmerman, JK Scatena, FN TI Controls of primary productivity: Lessons from the Luquillo mountains in Puerto Rico SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE altitudinal gradient; cloud forest; disturbance; fertilization; hurricane; Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico, USA; multiple controls; primary productivity, factors controlling; soil oxygen; transpiration; wind exposure ID NUTRIENT LIMITATION; FOREST STRUCTURE; TROPICAL FOREST; CLOUD FOREST; RAIN-FORESTS; HURRICANE; DYNAMICS; TREE AB The Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico are used as a case study to evaluate possible single-or multiple-factor controls of productivity in montane forests. A review of published studies from the Luquillo Mountains revealed that canopy height, productivity, and species richness decline while stem density increases with elevation, as is typical of other montane forests. A mid-elevation floodplain palm stand with high levels of productivity provides a notable exception to this pattern. Previous basic and applied studies of productivity in the Luquillo Mountains have consistently considered the overall gradient in productivity to be important in understanding forest structure and function. Recent observational and experimental studies have determined that disturbance of all types is an important factor mediating productivity in both low-and high-elevation (cloud) forests, For example, low-elevation forest recovers more quickly :From hurricane disturbance and is more responsive to nutrient additions than is cloud forest. All of the factors proposed for limiting productivity are supported in one way or another by research in the Luquillo Mountains. What is critically lacking is both an appreciation for the way that these factors interact and experiments appropriate to evaluate multiple controls acting simultaneously. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Waide, RB (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, GPO Box 363682, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YR740 UT WOS:000071525500005 ER PT J AU Buckley, DS Sharik, TL Isebrands, JG AF Buckley, DS Sharik, TL Isebrands, JG TI Regeneration of northern red oak: Positive and negative effects of competitor removal SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition; deer browsing; field experiment; frost; northern Lower Michigan, USA; oak seedling survival and growth; overstory and understory manipulation; Quercus rubra; regeneration of northern red oak; regeneration success in pine vs. oak stands ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; QUERCUS-RUBRA; MICHIGAN; FORESTS; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; SHELTERWOOD; WISCONSIN; HISTORY AB The decreased ability of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) to regenerate throughout its range in the eastern United States has important ecological and economic implications. We studied regeneration of northern red oak in oak and pine stands on moderately productive sites in northern Lower Michigan, Our objectives were (1) to investigate the hypothesis that regeneration of northern red oak is more successful in pine than in oak stands and (2) to test whether removal of potential overstory and understory competitors increases regeneration success on moderately productive sites. Northern red oak acorns and 2-yr-old nursery seedlings were planted in spring 1991 in three natural oak stands and three red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations on comparable, moderately productive sites. Each stand contained four canopy cover treatments: clearcut, 25% cover (50% the first year), 75% cover, and uncut. Each canopy cover treatment contained four understory treatments: herb-layer removal, shrub-layer removal, litter removal, and control. Seedling survival, performance, and damage due to deer and late spring frosts were quantified along with vegetation characteristics, light, soil moisture, air temperature, soil temperature, and precipitation during the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons. Survival of seedlings was significantly lower in the pine than in the oak stands; the pine stands had a higher incidence of white-tailed deer browsing and lower levels of belowground resources than the oak stands. Canopy cover treatments produced a gradient from high stress (low light and soil moist-ire) and low disturbance (slight browsing and frost damage) in uncut plots to low stress (high light and soil moisture) and high disturbance (high browsing and frost damage) in clear-cut plots. Understory vegetation development and soil temperature were low in uncut plots, high in clear-cut plots, and intermediate in plots with partial overstory removal. Despite poor growth, the mortality of seedlings planted in uncut plots was low. In contrast, mortality was high and surviving seedlings exhibited good growth in clearcuts. Understory treatment effects were slight compared with overstory treatment effects. Results on our sites (1) do not support the hypothesis that regeneration success of northern red oak may be greater in pine than in oak stands and (2) indicate that the positive effects of removing potential competitors on seedling growth and physiological status may be compromised by simultaneous negative effects of browsing and frost damage. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Buckley, DS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 57 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 8 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YR740 UT WOS:000071525500008 ER PT J AU Pollock, MM Naiman, RJ Hanley, TA AF Pollock, MM Naiman, RJ Hanley, TA TI Plant species richness in riparian wetlands - A test of biodiversity theory SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska, Kadashan River Basin; beaver; biodiversity theory; Castor canadensis; dynamic equilibrium model; flood frequency cf. species richness; modeling disturbance effects on plant diversity; plant species richness in wetlands; riparian forests; spatial-scale effects; species richness and productivity; species richness and microtopographic variation ID TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; NORTH-AMERICA NORTH; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; PATTERNS; STREAM; FERTILIZATION AB In this study, flood frequency, productivity, and spatial heterogeneity were correlated with plant species richness (SX) among wetlands on a coastal island in southeast Alaska. Studies of 16 sites in or near the Kadashan River basin demonstrated nonlinear, unimodal relations between flood frequency and SR, productivity and SR, and linear relations between SR and the spatial variation of flood frequencies (SVFF) within a site. SVFF is caused by microtopographic variation in elevation. A nonlinear regression model relating SR to flood frequency and SVFF explained much of the variation in SR between wetland communities. Sites with intermediate flood frequencies and high SVFF were species-rich, while sites frequently, rarely, or permanently flooded and with low SVFF were species-poor. The data suggest that small-scale spatial variation can dramatically alter the impact of disturbances. The data also support Michael Huston's dynamic-equilibrium model of species diversity, which predicts the effects of productivity and disturbance on diversity patterns. Species-rich sites had low to intermediate levels of productivity and intermediate flood frequencies, and species-poor sites had very low or high flood frequencies and low productivity, supporting the model's predictions. The model was tested at contrasting spatial scales (1000 m(2) and 1 m(2)). At the 1000-m(2)? scale, Huston's model predicted 78% of the variation in SR. At the microplot scale, relationships between SR and flood frequency were weaker, and the dynamic-equilibrium model predicted only 36%; of the variation in SR. C1 Univ Washington, Ctr Streamside Studies, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Pollock, MM (reprint author), 10000 Years Inst, Box 2205, Seattle, WA 98111 USA. RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 NR 72 TC 293 Z9 328 U1 12 U2 122 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1 BP 94 EP 105 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YR740 UT WOS:000071525500010 ER PT J AU Palik, B Golladay, SW Goebel, PC Taylor, BW AF Palik, B Golladay, SW Goebel, PC Taylor, BW TI Geomorphic variation in riparian tree mortality and stream coarse woody debris recruitment from record flooding in a coastal plain stream SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; riparian forest; coastal plain; flooding; tree mortality ID ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; FOREST; RIVERS; OREGON; AREAS AB Large floods are an important process controlling the structure and function of stream ecosystems. One of the ways floods affect streams is through the recruitment of coarse woody debris from stream-side forests. Stream valley geomorphology may mediate this interaction by altering flood velocity, depth, and duration. Little research has examined how floods and geomorphic features interact to control debris recruitment from riparian forests. With this in mind, we examined debris recruitment resulting from tree mortality during a record flood in a Georgia (U.S.A.) stream. We quantified debris characteristics as related to riparian geomorphology, and we examined the influence of floods on the structure of stream-side forests. The flood killed, and recruited into the stream debris pool, an average of 22 trees/km. Variation in recruitment was related to geomorphology; mortality was highest in reaches having narrow valleys and high elevations of riparian landforms, while it was lowest in reaches having wide valleys and low landform elevations. Species differed in probability of mortality; three taxa, out of 47, contributed 75% of new debris to the stream. The structure of stream-side forests reflected the influence of floods on tree mortality; forests along constrained reaches lack small individuals. Our results suggest that constrained reaches are the primary sources of debris during large floods, while unconstrained reaches function as debris sinks. Debris characteristics may be linked to floods through tree demography. Specifically, large floods have the potential to limit future recruitment of larger-sized susceptible species into the stream, by limiting the number of small trees that grow into the canopy. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. RP US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1831 Hwy 169E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM bpalik.nc_grandrapids@fs.fed.us RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1195-6860 EI 2376-7626 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 1998 VL 5 IS 4 BP 551 EP 560 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 151JD UT WOS:000077716200016 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD AF Lemly, AD TI A position paper on selenium in ecotoxicology: A procedure for deriving site-specific water quality criteria SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Review ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; AQUATIC BIRDS; BLUEGILLS; STRESS; FISH AB This paper describes a method for deriving site-specific water quality criteria for selenium using a two-step process: (1) gather information on selenium residues and biological effects at the site and in down-gradient systems and (2) examine criteria based on the degree of bioaccumulation, the relationship between measured residues and threshold concentrations for reproductive effects in fish and wildlife, and any observed reproductive impacts, Several outcomes are possible-criteria can be left unmodified, adjusted upward by a fixed amount (50%), or adjusted downward by one of three amounts (25, 50, or 75%), A criterion (existing or proposed) is lowered or raised by an amount that is proportional to the magnitude of bioaccumulation and toxic effects present-i.e., the degree of biological hazard, Criteria can be modified under two circumstances: (1) diagnostic residues and toxic effects must be coupled (present) in order to lower a criterion or (2) diagnostic residues and toxic effects must be coupled (absent) in order to raise a criterion, Coupling residues and effects makes the procedure sensitive to the natural inter-and intraspecific variation in bioaccumulation and toxic responses exhibited by fish and wildlife in aquatic ecosystems, The goal is to establish criteria that keep food-chain bioaccumulation below levels that result in toxicity to fish and wildlife. Precautions are given for those attempting to apply the generic EPA model for implementing national water quality criteria to a site-specific selenium criterion. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Virginia Tech Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit,Dept Fisheries & W, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), Virginia Tech Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit,Dept Fisheries & W, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1006/eesa.1997.1625 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ZC375 UT WOS:000072571600001 PM 9515069 ER PT B AU Goynes, WR Howley, PS Bertoniere, NR Von Hoven, TM AF Goynes, WR Howley, PS Bertoniere, NR Von Hoven, TM BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Changes in cotton fiber surfaces due to cellulase treatments SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70140 USA. RP Goynes, WR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70140 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 833 EP 834 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900409 ER PT B AU Wergin, WP Erbe, EF Rango, A AF Wergin, WP Erbe, EF Rango, A BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Use of video (light) microscopy and low temperature scanning electron microscopy to observe identical frozen specimens SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 4: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wergin, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0567-3 PY 1998 BP 325 EP 326 PG 2 WC Biology; Microscopy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA BL87K UT WOS:000077020500159 ER PT B AU Stoll, B Burrin, DG Jahoor, F Henry, J Yu, H Reeds, PJ AF Stoll, B Burrin, DG Jahoor, F Henry, J Yu, H Reeds, PJ BE McCracken, KJ Unsworth, EF Wylie, ARG TI Dietary protein is the major source of energy for the portal-drained viscera of fed piglets SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 14-20, 1997 CL NEWCASTLE, NORTH IRELAND SP Belfast City Council, Dept Agr Northern Ireland, Irish Agr Wholesale Soc DE piglets; stable isotopes; intestinal energy metabolism; mucosal protein synthesis ID METABOLISM; PIGS AB Seven female pigs (24 days old; 8.0 kg) were implanted with arterial, gastric, portal and peripheral venous catheters and an ultrasonic portal blood flow probe. After 5 days of recovery, they were fed a high protein milk-based diet once-hourly and infused intragastrically with [U-C-13]algal protein. On average, 60% of the intake of essential amino acids was recovered in the portal blood. The fractional portal tracer balances of lysine, leucine and phenylalanine, but not of threonine, exceeded their portal mass balances. No more than 20% of the measured first-pass metabolism of tracer threonine, leucine, lysine and phenylalanine was recovered in mucosal protein. The sum of ammonia, arginine and alanine production by the intestinal tissues accounted for 23-26% of the dietary protein nitrogen intake and was equivalent to oxidation of 3800 mu mol amino acid carbon/kg/h. This accounted for 80% of the CO2 production of the portal-drained viscera. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Stoll, B (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-276-5 PY 1998 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BM72H UT WOS:000079605600004 ER PT B AU McLeod, KR Baldwin, RL AF McLeod, KR Baldwin, RL BE McCracken, KJ Unsworth, EF Wylie, ARG TI Influence of energy density and metabolizable energy intake on visceral organ growth in sheep SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 14-20, 1997 CL NEWCASTLE, NORTH IRELAND SP Belfast City Council, Dept Agr Northern Ireland, Irish Agr Wholesale Soc DE viscera; dietary energy density; ME intake; sheep; oxygen consumption ID HEAT-PRODUCTION AB Twenty-eight crossbred lambs were fed diets containing either 75% forage or 75% concentrate at either 0.416 or 0.757 MJ ME/kg BW0.75 per d for 52 d. Lambs were slaughtered and visceral organs removed, weighed, sectioned, and epithelial cells isolated from the rumen and small intestine. Visceral organ mass (VOM) and organ mass as a percentage of empty body weight (VOME) increased in response to increasing ME intake. Conversely, increasing dietary energy density decreased VOM and VOME. Oxygen consumption by isolated epithelial cells from the rumen and small intestine was unaffected by either ME intake or dietary energy density. Thus, greater energy use by visceral tissues associated with increasing ME intake, as well as enhanced efficiency for animals fed predominantly concentrate diets, may be attributable to changes in visceral organ mass. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McLeod, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-276-5 PY 1998 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BM72H UT WOS:000079605600006 ER PT B AU Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL AF Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL BE McCracken, KJ Unsworth, EF Wylie, ARG TI Changes in gut and liver glucose release and oxygen consumption during gestation and lactation in the ewe SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 14-20, 1997 CL NEWCASTLE, NORTH IRELAND SP Belfast City Council, Dept Agr Northern Ireland, Irish Agr Wholesale Soc DE gut; liver; pregnancy; lactation ID FETAL; SHEEP AB Oxygen consumption and net glucose flux across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver of ewes prepared with chronic indwelling catheters in the abdominal aorta, the portal vein and a hepatic vein were determined during pregnancy and lactation. Oxygen consumption by the PDV and liver increased in late pregnancy and remained elevated through mid-lactation compared to non-pregnant ewes. Net hepatic glucose release increased in late pregnancy and remained elevated through mid-lactation. This study supports the hypothesis that the increased energy requirement during pregnancy and lactation partially results from an increased energy expenditure by the gut and liver. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-276-5 PY 1998 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BM72H UT WOS:000079605600007 ER PT B AU Baldwin, RL McLeod, KR AF Baldwin, RL McLeod, KR BE McCracken, KJ Unsworth, EF Wylie, ARG TI Influence of energy density and metabolizable energy intake on substrate metabolism by ruminal epithelial cells isolated from sheep SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 14-20, 1997 CL NEWCASTLE, NORTH IRELAND SP Belfast City Council, Dept Agr Northern Ireland, Irish Agr Wholesale Soc DE dietary energy density; ME intake; rumen epithelium; sheep AB Twenty-eight lambs (20.1+/-0.3 kg BW) were fed diets containing either 75% forage or 75% concentrate at either 0.416 or 0.757 MJ ME/kg BW0.75 per d for 52 d. Isolated ruminal epithelial cells were incubated in the presence of multiple concentrations of oxidizable substrates. Oxidation rates of butyrate and propionate were greater in cells isolated from concentrate fed lambs as compared to those fed forage, while rates of acetate oxidation were enhanced with increasing ME intake. Changes in oxidation rates did not affect the overall predicted Michaelis-Menten parameter estimates. The estimated I,, values are consistent with the contention that VFA are the primary oxidizable fuels used by ruminal epithelial cells. In conclusion, while subtle changes in VFA oxidation do occur, overall oxidative capacity of ruminal epithelial cells is largely unaffected by diet or ME intake. C1 USDA ARS, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, LPSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baldwin, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, LPSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-276-5 PY 1998 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BM72H UT WOS:000079605600012 ER PT B AU Rosebrough, RW AF Rosebrough, RW BE McCracken, KJ Unsworth, EF Wylie, ARG TI Crude protein and supplemental dietary tryptophan effects on growth and tissue neurotransmitter levels SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 14-20, 1997 CL NEWCASTLE, NORTH IRELAND SP Belfast City Council, Dept Agr Northern Ireland, Irish Agr Wholesale Soc DE diet; crude protein; intake; chickens; tryptophan; neurotransmitters; diet AB Indian River male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 d of age were fed diets containing 120, 210 and 300 g crude protein and 0, 1.7 or 16.7 g of added tryptophan (TRP)/kg diet. The hypothesis tested was that crude protein levels and TRP would affect both growth and neurotransmitter metabolism. Heart, brain and pancreatic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin 5-HT and 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations were determined by HPLC separation and electrochemical detection. Cardiac NE concentrations were directly related to dietary crude protein levels while pancreatic levels were inversely related. An increase in dietary crude protein decreased both brain NE and DA. Supplemental dietary TRP increased both 5-HIAA and 5-HT. Changes in feed intake caused by different levels of both dietary crude protein and TRP are accompanied by altered levels of neurotransmitters. The present study indicates that much larger amounts of TRP are required to simultaneously change feed intake and neurotransmitters. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, LPSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, LPSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-276-5 PY 1998 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BM72H UT WOS:000079605600030 ER PT B AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM AF Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM BE McCracken, KJ Unsworth, EF Wylie, ARG TI Energy deposition and body composition measurement of pigs of different ryanodine receptor genotypes by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 14-20, 1997 CL NEWCASTLE, NORTH IRELAND SP Belfast City Council, Dept Agr Northern Ireland, Irish Agr Wholesale Soc DE pigs; ryanodine; body composition ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; HALOTHANE GENE; METABOLISM AB Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used for in vivo assessment of body composition and energy deposition in pigs that were either homozygous stress nonsensitive (NN), heterozygous (Nn) or homozygous stress sensitive (nn). DXA evaluation of pigs at 30 kg revealed no differences among genotypes with respect to total body fat content, however, it was estimated that the nn pigs contained more protein than either the Nn or NN pigs. During growth from 30 to 60 kg, the nn pigs deposited less fat than the NN pigs, while Nn were intermediate. This pattern continued during growth from 60 to 90 kg, resulting in the nn pigs having less fat and less total energy than the other two genotypes. There were no differences in protein deposition during these periods. Furthermore, based on the DXA results and measurements of energy intake during these periods, there were no differences among genotypes in the efficiency with which dietary energy was retained. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-276-5 PY 1998 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BM72H UT WOS:000079605600059 ER PT S AU Ow, DW AF Ow, DW BE Shewry, PR Napier, JA Davis, PJ TI Prospects of engineering heavy metal detoxification genes in plants SO ENGINEERING CROP PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL END USES SE PORTLAND PRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Engineering Crop Plants for Industrial End Uses CY SEP, 1996 CL IACR-LONG ASHTON RES STN, LONG ASHTON, ENGLAND SP Biochem Soc, Ind Biochem & Biotechnol Grp, IACR Long Ashton Res Stn HO IACR-LONG ASHTON RES STN ID WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; BINDING PEPTIDES; SYNDROME PROTEIN; CADMIUM TOLERANCE; OAT ROOTS; METALLOTHIONEIN; PHYTOCHELATINS; TRANSPORT AB Unlike compounds that can be broken down, the remediation of most heavy metals and radionucleotides requires removal from contaminated sources. Plants can extract inorganics, but effective phytoextraction requires plants that produce high biomass, grow rapidly and possess high uptake capacity for the inorganic substrate. The existing hyperaccumulator plants must be bred for either increased growth and biomass, or the hyperaccumulation traits must be engineered into fast growing, high-biomass plants. The latter approach requires fundamental knowledge of the molecular mechanisms in the uptake and storage of inorganics. Much has been learned in recent years of how plants and certain fungi chelate and transport cadmium. This progress has been facilitated by the use of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model system. As target genes are identified in a model organism, their sequences provide opportunities for engineered expression in a heterologous host and aid the search for homologous genes in complex organisms. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PL, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0966-4068 BN 1-85578-113-1 J9 PORTL PR P PY 1998 VL 14 BP 111 EP 124 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BN62G UT WOS:000082368900011 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW AF Lingafelter, SW TI Observations of interactive behavior in Parandra glabra (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article ID MATING SYSTEM AB The first observed behavioral interactions for a species of Parandrinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are reported. Two sets of observations between males and females of Parandra glabra were made under artificial conditions: 1) individual male/female interactions; 2) interactions of multiple males in the presence of each female. Results of individual interactions indicate consistent patterns of behavior including antennation, mandibulation, genitalic exsertion, mounting, and dorsal-oblique mating posture. Males display aggression in first encounters with females, but subsequent antennation leads to mounting and copulation attempts. When more than one male is present with a female, these behavioral categories are directed toward other males more frequently than to the female. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), US NAT HIST MUSEUM,USDA,ARS,PSI,NHB-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 109 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YJ955 UT WOS:A1998YJ95500016 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JL Fountain, MC Favela, JC Cobble, K Jensen, BL AF Nielsen, JL Fountain, MC Favela, JC Cobble, K Jensen, BL TI Oncorhynchus at the southern extent of their range: a study of mtDNA control-region sequence with special reference to an undescribed subspecies of O-mykiss from Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; promoter sequence; repeat units; mtDNA evolution; Rio Yaqui trout ID ANIMAL MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; TRANSFER-RNA GENES; D-LOOP REGION; MAJOR NONCODING REGION; RAINBOW-TROUT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; HUMAN-DISEASE; EVOLUTION AB Nucleotide sequences from the right-domain of salmonid mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region flanking the phenylalanine tRNA gene (tRNA(Phe)) were determined for 5 species and 14 subspecies of Oncorhynchus at the southern extent of their range. In all but one population, the right domain contained two 72 bp tandem repeats located between the tRNA(Phe) gene and the conserved sequence block CSB-3. At the species level we found 46-83% homology between these two repeats. The repeat closest to tRNA(Phe) contained 43% of the phylogenetically informative sites. The largest number of transversions (N = 6) were found outside of both repeat sequences. Phylogenetic inference based on mtDNA right-domain sequence was congruent with other analyses at the species level, but gave variable results in association drawn at the subspecific level. The right-domain contained three highly conserved sequences corresponding to the mtDNA transcription factor, and the heavy-and light-strand promoters. In four O. mykiss from Rio Yaqui, Mexico, the repeat containing the heavy-strand promoter (HSP) was deleted. The mtDNA HSP is responsible for transcription of the 16S and 12S rRNAs, 12 of the 13 protein-coding genes, and most of the tRNA genes. Rio Yagui trout showed no heteroplasmy or tissue specificity for this deletion. This HSP deletion suggests the possibility of a primitive transcriptional promoter with bidirectional capacity in this species, similar to that reported in avian and amphibian mtDNA. These data expand our understanding of genetic diversity in Oncorhynchus at the southern extent of their range with a knowledge of the evolutionary mechanisms that may have led to that diversity. C1 Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, US Forest Serv, USDA,PSW, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Ctr Ecol Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. San Bernardino Leslie Canyon Natl Wildlife Refuge, Douglas, AZ 85607 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, US Forest Serv, USDA,PSW, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM jnielsen@leland.stanford.edu NR 96 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 1998 VL 51 IS 1 BP 7 EP 23 DI 10.1023/A:1007456529627 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YV717 UT WOS:000071855700002 ER PT J AU Bhat, G Bergstrom, J Teasley, RJ Bowker, JM Cordell, HK AF Bhat, G Bergstrom, J Teasley, RJ Bowker, JM Cordell, HK TI An ecoregional approach to the economic valuation of land- and water-based recreation in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE recreation; ecoregion; travel cost method; truncated Poisson model AB This paper describes a framework for estimating the economic value of outdoor recreation across different ecoregions. Ten ecoregions in the continental United States were defined based on similarly functioning ecosystem characters. The individual travel cost method was employed to estimate recreation demand functions for activities such as motor boating and waterskiing, developed and primitive camping, coldwater fishing, sightseeing and pleasure driving, and big game hunting for each ecoregion. While our ecoregional approach differs conceptually from previous work, our results appear consistent with the previous travel cost method valuation studies. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bowker, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s002679900084 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YM352 UT WOS:000071055000006 ER PT J AU Post, DA Jones, JA Grant, GE AF Post, DA Jones, JA Grant, GE TI An improved methodology for predicting the daily hydrologic response of ungauged catchments SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE hydrologic regionalisation; rainfall-runoff model; LTER network ID FLOOD FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; DRAINAGE BASINS; RUNOFF MODEL; REGIONS AB In order to model fluxes of water from the land surface to the atmosphere, and from one grid cell to another in climate models, predictions of hydrologic response are required for catchments where hydrologic data are not available. A methodology has been presented previously that has the capability of producing estimates of catchment scale hydrologic response for ungauged catchments on a daily timestep (Post and Jakeman, 1998, Ecol. Mod. submitted). In the present paper, it is demonstrated that these daily predictions of hydrologic response can be improved by incorporating information about the hydrologic response of the catchment on a longer timestep. This is because the influence of large scale phenomena such as climate and vegetation may produce a similar water yield in nearby catchments, even though their daily hydrologic response may be different, due for example, to differences in drainage density. Thus, the water yield of an ungauged catchment is inferred on an inter-annual timestep, and this information is used to balance the water budget of a daily timestep rainfall-runoff model. It was found that using tree stocking densities to predict water yields for small experimental catchments in the Maroondah region of Victoria produced better results than those obtained by inferring the water balance parameter of a daily timestep rainfall-runoff model from channel gradient and catchment elongation. Good predictions of inter-annual water yield were also obtained for small experimental catchments in the H. J. Andrews, Hubbard Brook, and Coweeta long term ecological research (LTER) sites in the United States, indicating that it may be possible to produce high quality predictions of daily hydrologic response for ungauged catchments in these regions also. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Post, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Post, David/A-9563-2011 NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 1998 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(98)00044-9 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 149TV UT WOS:000077622600019 ER PT J AU Crews, JT Dick, WA AF Crews, JT Dick, WA TI Liming acid forest soils with flue gas desulfurization by-product: growth of Northern red oak and leachate water quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE acid soils; coal ash; coal combustion by-product; flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product; fly ash; recycling; leachate water quality; Quercus rubra ID MINESPOIL AMENDMENT AB Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product is created when a dolomitic lime [CaMg(CO3)(2)] is used to remove SO2 during the burning of high sulfur coal in electricity generating power plants. This study evaluated growth of Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in an acid forest soil (Rayne silt loam-a fine loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludult) and water leachate quality when FGD byproduct was applied topically or mixed within the A horizon at rates equivalent to 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 times the soil's lime requirement. Soils were leached with deionized water on a monthly basis and the leachate samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, P, S, B and metals (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Er, Mg, Pb, Ti and Zn). Tree growth significantly increased (p less than or equal to 0.05) when soil was treated with FGD and the greatest growth (75% increase over the untreated control) occurred when FGD was applied at 1.5 times the lime requirement rate. Boron toxicity symptoms were observed in plant tissue when FGD by-product was applied at two times (or higher) the lime requirement rate. Sulfur concentration increased from less than 10 mg l(-1) (control soil) to 234 mg l(-1) (soil treated with FGD at 2.5 times the lime requirement) in the leachate four months after treatment. Boron also approached toxicity concentrations (approximate to 1 mg l(-1)) in the leachate from soil treated at the highest rate during the initial leachings, but concentrations tended to decline with time. Applying FGD by-product onto acid forest soils has the potential to provide growth benefit to a commercially important tree species (red oak) but care will need to be taken to avoid using FGD materials that may release toxic levels of B. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Dick, WA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1998 VL 103 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00137-7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 145XD UT WOS:000077396900008 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Andersen, CP Fenn, ME Miller, PR AF Grulke, NE Andersen, CP Fenn, ME Miller, PR TI Ozone exposure and nitrogen deposition lowers root biomass of ponderosa pine in the San Bernardino Mountains, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE root biomass; ponderosa pine; ozone exposure; N deposition; root carbohydrates ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; DOUGLAS-FIR; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; CARBON; ALLOCATION; STAND; SATURATION; DYNAMICS AB Decreased root biomass in forest trees in response to anthropogenic pollutants is believed to be one of the first steps in forest health degradation. Although decreased root biomass has been observed in controlled experiments, ozone effects on mature tree roots in natural stands has not previously been documented. Here we report standing root biomass of ponderosa pine at three sites in the San Bernardino Mountains distributed along a known, long-term pollution gradient of ozone and nitrogen deposition. Trees at each site were assessed for foliar ozone injury and below-ground attributes, in addition to other environmental factors known to influence root growth. During the period of peak root growth in the spring, root biomass at the least polluted site was 6-14 times greater than that observed at the most polluted site. Known differences in climatic and edaphic factors among the sites potentially contributing to the observed response were discounted as primary contributors to the response since in most cases the site differences would have driven the patterns of root growth in the opposite direction to that observed. Differences in biotic competitive interactions, also known to affect root growth, did not explain the observed pattern for the same reason. The data suggests that elevated ozone, high nitrogen deposition, and possibly other contributing factors such as soil acidification are primarily responsible for lowering root biomass in ponderosa pine stands in the San Bernardino Mountains. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 49 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1998 VL 103 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00130-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 145XD UT WOS:000077396900009 ER PT J AU Arbaugh, MJ Miller, PR Carroll, JJ Takemoto, B Procter, T AF Arbaugh, MJ Miller, PR Carroll, JJ Takemoto, B Procter, T TI Relationships of ozone exposure to pine injury in the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains of California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; air pollution; Sierra Nevada; ponderosa pine; Jeffrey pine ID JEFFREY PINE; PONDEROSA; DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; GROWTH; REDUCTION; SEEDLINGS; DROUGHT; INDEXES; STRESS AB Hourly ambient ozone exposure data and crown injury measurements were gathered in the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains of California to develop relationships between the Ozone Injury Index (OII), the Forest Pest Management Index (FPM), chlorotic mottle, fascicle retention (OII index components) and cumulative ambient ozone indices for Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws and Pinus jeffreyi Grev. and Balf. Eleven sites located in the mixed conifer forest near ambient ozone monitoring sites were evaluated annually for 4 years. Four other sites in the San Bernardino Mountains were evaluated for 1 year. Analyses showed OII to be functionally equivalent ( r(2) = 0.96) to the FPM, and to depend only on fascicle retention and chlorotic mottle (R-2 = 0.95) of the fourth whorl (or if four whorls are not present at the site, then the last whorl present for the majority of trees). Significant associations were found between OII and 4-year 24-h. summer SUMO, SUM06, W126 and HRS80 ozone indices. Three sites had higher levels of cumulative chlorotic mottle for individual whorls and larger numbers of trees with visible crown injury than other sites with similar cumulative ambient ozone levels. Including an indicator variable to discriminate between these two groups of sites increased R-2 and decreased root mean square (RMSE) for all indices, especially SUMO (R-2 = 0.93, RMSE reduced by 46%). (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Riverside Fire Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Arbaugh, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Riverside Fire Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. EM marbaugh@deltanet.com NR 34 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1998 VL 101 IS 2 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00027-X PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119PJ UT WOS:000075904900015 PM 15093091 ER PT J AU McConnell, LL Bidleman, TF Cotham, WE Walla, MD AF McConnell, LL Bidleman, TF Cotham, WE Walla, MD TI Air concentrations of organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls over Green Bay, WI, and the four lower Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; atmosphere; pesticides; PCBS; Green Bay ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANOHALOGEN PESTICIDES; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; GAS-EXCHANGE; ANNUAL CYCLE; MICHIGAN; HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; TOXAPHENE; SUPERIOR AB Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were determined in high volume air samples collected in Green Bay from the University of Wisconsin (1989), and from shipboard over the four lower Great Lakes (1990). Average concentrations of Sigma chlordane, DDT, DDE, toxaphene and Sigma PCBs in Green Bay were 35, 8.7, 15, 59 and 330 pg m(-3), respectively. Air concentrations of the pesticides were positively correlated to each other (R-2 = 0.896-0.997), and analysis of back trajectory data from Green Bay showed that higher atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine insecticides were associated with air masses originating in southern USA. Average concentrations from the Great Lakes were: Sigma chlordane, 187 pg m(-3); DDT, 38 pg m(-3); pg m(-3); DDE, 59 pg m(-3); toxaphene, 33 pg m(-3); and Sigma PCBs, 385 pg m(-3). Higher air concentrations of PCBs were found in areas of industrial and urban development. There was no strong positive correlation of concentration values between any pesticides, with the exception of the chlordane isomers, or between any pesticide and Sigma PCB from the Great Lakes cruise. Results from 5-day air mass back trajectory data suggest that, at the time of the cruise, atmospheric sources of organochlorines were not long-range transport from southern USA, but local or regional volatilization. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Atmospher Environm Serv, ARQP, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 007,Room 225, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcconnel@asrr.arsusda.gov RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011; Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011 OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1998 VL 101 IS 3 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00030-X PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125ZN UT WOS:000076267900010 ER PT J AU Lerch, RN Blanchard, PE Thurman, EM AF Lerch, RN Blanchard, PE Thurman, EM TI Contribution of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products to the total atrazine load in midwestern streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; UNITED-STATES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; C-14 ATRAZINE; SOIL; WATER AB The contribution of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products (HADPs) to the total atrazine load (i.e., atrazine plus stable metabolites) in streams needs to be determined in order to fully assess the impact of atrazine contamination on stream ecosystems and human health. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the contribution of HAD Ps to the total atrazine load in streams of nine midwestern states and (2) to discuss the mechanisms controlling the concentrations of HADPs in streams. Stream samples were collected from 95 streams in northern Missouri at preplant and postplant of 1994 and 1995, and an additional 46 streams were sampled in eight midwestern states at postplant of 1995. Samples were analyzed for atrazine, deethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), and three HADPs. Overall, HADP prevalence (i.e., frequency of detection) ranged from 87 to 100% for hydroxyatrazine (HA), 0 to 58% for deethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA), and 0% for deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DIHA) with method detection limits of 0.04-0.10 mu g L-1. Atrazine metabolites accounted for nearly 60% of the atrazine load in northern Missouri streams at preplant, with HA the predominant metabolite present. Data presented in this study and a continuous monitoring study are used to support the hypothesis that a combination of desorption from stream sediments and dissolved-phase transport control HADP concentrations in streams. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Grp, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 51 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1021/es970447g PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YP503 UT WOS:000071284200028 ER PT S AU Wong, DWS Robertson, GH AF Wong, DWS Robertson, GH BE Laskin, AI Li, GX Yu, YT TI High-affinity peptide ligands for pancreatic alpha-amylase by phage display SO ENZYME ENGINEERING XIV SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Enzyme Engineering Conference CY OCT 12-17, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Engn Fdn, New York, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Soc Enzyme Engn ID VECTORS C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-149-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 864 BP 555 EP 557 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10379.x PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM29U UT WOS:000078305800098 PM 9928138 ER PT S AU Forsline, PL McFerson, JR Lamboy, WF Towill, LE AF Forsline, PL McFerson, JR Lamboy, WF Towill, LE BE Tobutt, KR Alston, FH TI Development of base and active collections of Malus germplasm with cryopreserved dormant buds SO EUCARPIA SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT BREEDING AND GENETICS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Eucarpia Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics CY 1996 CL ST CATHERINE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Hort Res Inter, Plant Breeding & Biol Dept, St Catherine Coll HO ST CATHERINE COLL ID FRUIT AB Genetic resources of Malus are conserved by the Plant Genetic Resources Unit, a component of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), located in Geneva, NY. The collection currently comprises around 2,500 accessions which are maintained as clones in the field to provide propagating material for distribution to the user community. Field maintenance is costly and places the collection at risk from weather extremes, pests, diseases, etc. Cryopreservation of dormant buds in a base, or backup, collection could reduce risks and costs. Cryogenic storage of accessions in the active collection could also decrease costs, but is useful only if cryopreserved material is readily available for distribution. We have developed protocols which permit the cryopreservation of dormant apple buds and their subsequent recovery from cryogenic storage by bud grafting. Since 1992, 750 accessions have been cryopreserved in the base collection at the USDA-ARS National Seed Storage Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO. Around 250 accessions have hen cryopreserved in the active collection in Geneva. Buds have been successfully recovered by grafting from over 90% of 600 accessions tested. These results and those from ongoing recovery tests on 400 accessions stored in 1996 indicate cryopreservation is a safe, cost-effective approach to enhance management of Malus germplasm collections. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Forsline, PL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-781-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 484 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BN05Z UT WOS:000080519100008 ER PT S AU Hokanson, SC Forsline, PL McFerson, JR Lamboy, WF Aldwinckle, HS Luby, JJ Djangaliev, AD AF Hokanson, SC Forsline, PL McFerson, JR Lamboy, WF Aldwinckle, HS Luby, JJ Djangaliev, AD BE Tobutt, KR Alston, FH TI Ex situ and in situ conservation strategies for wild Malus germplasm in Kazakhstan SO EUCARPIA SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT BREEDING AND GENETICS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Eucarpia Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics CY 1996 CL ST CATHERINE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Hort Res Inter, Plant Breeding & Biol Dept, St Catherine Coll HO ST CATHERINE COLL AB Malus sieversii, the main progenitor of the cultivated apple exhibits its maximum diversity in mountainous areas in southeast Kazakhstan. To represent this species better in the USDA-ARS germplasm collection, maintained in Geneva, NY, a co-operative project was initiated with the Republic of Kazakhstan to assess and collect that country's wild populations of M. sieversii and to develop more secure in situ reserves to complement ex situ holdings in the USA and Kazakhstan. Three collecting expeditions have been undertaken since 1989, in seven different regions. Disease screening of seedlings has revealed potentially novel variation for resistance to three important apple diseases: apple scab, cedar apple rust, and fireblight. An isozyme analysis of maternal half-sib families from four regions representing the first two expeditions indicates that over 85% of total genetic variation was due to differences among families and none due to differences among regions. The 1995 collections targeted regions that were more ecologically diverse, including a site at 47.5 degrees N, the northern limit for M. sieversii. Both seeds and scions were gathered from selected trees with superior horticultural phenotypes. Considerable variation existed for a number of important traits including: tree growth habit and size; fruit size, colour, aroma and firmness and apparent damage due to pests and diseases. Seedlings germinated from the 1995 collections are being characterised for DNA markers. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Hokanson, SC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-781-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 484 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BN05Z UT WOS:000080519100010 ER PT S AU Bell, RL van der Zwet, T AF Bell, RL van der Zwet, T BE Tobutt, KR Alston, FH TI Breeding for host resistance to pear psylla: Evaluation of parental germplasm SO EUCARPIA SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT BREEDING AND GENETICS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Eucarpia Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics CY 1996 CL ST CATHERINE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Hort Res Inter, Plant Breeding & Biol Dept, St Catherine Coll HO ST CATHERINE COLL DE pyrus; Cacopsylla pyricola; Fabraea leaf spot; fire blight; Fabraea muculata; Erwinia amylovora; fruit quality ID EUROPEAN PYRUS GERMPLASM; SUSCEPTIBLE PEAR; HOMOPTERA AB The pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster) is one of the most destructive arthropod pests of pear (Pyrus communis L.) in North America and Western Europe. Host resistance to this pest has been identified in several species of Asian pear, including P. ussuriensis Maxim., in P. ussuriensis x P. communis hybrids, and in P. communis germplasm of Central European origin. Choice of parents for breeding also depends upon pomological traits and disease resistance. No single genotype combines acceptable levels of fruit quality and resistance traits. For example, many hybrids derived from P. ussuriensis #65 are also resistant to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora [Burr.] Winsl. et al.), but are highly susceptible to Fabraea leaf spot (Fabraea maculata Atk.). Fruit quality of many of the P. communis sources of resistance is poor. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bell, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-781-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 484 BP 471 EP 475 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BN05Z UT WOS:000080519100079 ER PT J AU Jarret, RL Liu, ZWW Webster, RW AF Jarret, RL Liu, ZWW Webster, RW TI Genetic diversity among Paspalum spp. as determined by RFLPs SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; Paspalum; restriction fragment length polymorphisms ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; RAPA SYN CAMPESTRIS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CYTOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS; GENOME RELATIONSHIPS; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; DALLISGRASS; DILATATUM; CROMYORRHIZON; INTERMEDIUM AB The genus Paspalum is characterized by over 400 species that are indigenous to a wide range of stressful habitats and marginal environments. Fifty-one accessions representing 29 Paspalum species were analyzed for DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Fifteen random genomic probes were used in combination with restriction enzyme EcoRI to detect RFLPs, and data were analyzed phenetically. Hybridization with the 15 selected clones resulted in the detection of 261 RFLPs. Among the 261 restriction fragments scored, 204 (78.2%) were phenetically informative. Extensive RFLP variation was found between the species studied. Species affinities based on RFLP data were found to be in close agreement with previously determined relationships based on both morphological and cytological characteristics. C1 ARS, USDA, Georgia Expt Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. ARS, USDA, BA, NGRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jarret, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Georgia Expt Stn, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 104 IS 2 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1023/A:1018686003307 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144ER UT WOS:000077301500007 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, CA Palmquist, DE Peterson, SJ AF Ledbetter, CA Palmquist, DE Peterson, SJ TI Germination and net in vitro growth of peach, almond and peach-almond hybrid embryos in response to mannitol inclusion in the nutrient medium SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE drought tolerant; embryo culture; Prunus; rootstock; screening; seed-propagated; water deficit ID TOLERANCE; ROOTSTOCK; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; DROUGHT; PRUNUS AB Nine Prunus accessions were evaluated for germination and plantlet growth in an in vitro osmotic screening test using mannitol as an osmoticum. Embryos from diverse peaches, almonds and peach-almond hybrids were cultured in Woody Plant Medium, and in this same medium modified with the inclusion of 350 mM mannitol. Embryos were stratified in vitro for 60 days, induced to germinate for a two week period and then allowed to develop and grow for another 20 days prior to harvest. Fresh weights of both roots and shouts as well as percent germination were recorded at harvest. The main effects of nutrient medium, germplasm type (peach, peach-almond, almond) and specific Prunus accession were all highly significant (P = 0.01) with regard to fresh weight of roots and shoots. Embryo germination was affected significantly by the inclusion of mannitol in the nutrient medium and by the particular germplasm type (P=0.01 and P=0.05, respectively). Significant interactions of nutrient medium x Prunus accession and nutrient medium x germplasm type were also detected for both root and shoot fresh weights. Almond germplasm cultured in Woody Plant Medium with 350 mM mannitol produced significantly more roots and shoots than either peaches or peach-almond hybrids grown in the same medium. Peach-almond hybrid embryos were observed to germinate at a significantly higher frequency than peach embryos when averaged across both media. Results obtained in this study indicate a wide range of average plantlet fresh weight relative to the specific germplasm challenged in the osmotic screen. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 103 IS 2 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1023/A:1018324624252 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 125ZU UT WOS:000076268500013 ER PT J AU Hosaka, K Hanneman, RE AF Hosaka, K Hanneman, RE TI Genetics of self-compatibility in a self-incompatible wild diploid potato species Solanum chacoense. 2. Localization of an S locus inhibitor (Sli) gene on the potato genome using DNA markers SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetic linkage map; self-compatibility; S locus inhibitor; Sli gene; Solanum chacoense ID RFLP MAPS; TOMATO AB A self-compatible (SC) hybrid plant F-1-1 was obtained from a cross between a SC variant of a wild diploid potato species, Solanum chacoense, and a self-incompatible (SI) cultivated diploid species, S. phureja. The clone F-1-1 has previously been proposed to have a dominant S locus inhibitor gene (Sli) in a heterozygous condition. It was crossed as a male parent with a selected clone from a S. stenotomum-S. phureja population, resulting in a segregating population consisting of 116 hybrid plants. Self-compatibility was assessed by selfing each of the hybrids. Sixty-six of them were SC, while 35 were SI, showing a significant distortion from an expected Mendelian ratio of 1:1. A genetic linkage map was constructed using DNA markers to localize the Sli gene. A total of 28 RAPD and 127 RFLP markers identified 109 mapping positions on 12 linkage groups. The Sli gene was mapped at a distal end of chromosome 12. Since the S locus has been localized on chromosome 1 on the potato RFLP map, it is confirmed that the Sli gene is independent of the S locus. C1 Kobe Univ, Expt Farm, Kasai, Hyogo 6752103, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hosaka, K (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Expt Farm, 1348 Uzurano, Kasai, Hyogo 6752103, Japan. NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 103 IS 2 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1023/A:1018380725160 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 125ZU UT WOS:000076268500016 ER PT J AU Tullu, A Muehlbauer, FJ Simon, CJ Mayer, MS Kumar, J Kaiser, WJ Kraft, JM AF Tullu, A Muehlbauer, FJ Simon, CJ Mayer, MS Kumar, J Kaiser, WJ Kraft, JM TI Inheritance and linkage of a gene for resistance to race 4 of Fusarium wilt and RAPD markers in chickpea SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cicer arietinum; disease resistance; race 1; recombinant inbred lines ID IDENTIFICATION AB Several races of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuo and K. Sate cause economic losses from wilting disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). While the genetics of resistance to race 1 have been reported, little is known of the genetics of resistance to race 4. We undertook a study to determine the inheritance of resistance and identified random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs) linked to the gene for resistance. For the investigation, we used 100 F-5 derived F-7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that had been developed from the cross of breeding lines C-104 x WR-315. Results indicated that resistance is controlled by a single recessive gene. The RAPD markers previously shown to amplify fragments linked to race 1 resistance also amplified fragments associated with race 4 resistance. The RAPD loci, CS-27(700), UBC-170(550) and the gene for resistance to race 4 segregated in 1:1 ratios expected for single genes. Both RAPD markers were located 9 map units from the race 4 resistance locus and were on the same side of the resistance gene. Our results indicated that the genes for resistance to race 1 and 4 are 5 map units apart. The need to determine the genomic locations of race specific resistance genes and the possibility that these genes are clustered to the same genomic region should be investigated. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Tullu, A (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Tullu, Abebe/B-2722-2012 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 102 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1023/A:1018373412281 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 100ME UT WOS:000074819200012 ER PT J AU Bruns, R Peterson, CJ AF Bruns, R Peterson, CJ TI Yield and stability factors associated with hybrid wheat (Reprinted from Wheat: Prospects for global improvement, 1998) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Wheat Conference CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL ANKARA, TURKEY AB For hybrid wheat to be accepted in the Great Plains of the USA, hybrids must exhibit enhanced yield performance, yield responsiveness, and reasonable yield stability across a wide array of production environments. Agripro has been researching hybrid wheat since 1981 and has an established pureline release history since 1978. Yield data from 1991 to 1995 were examined to compare the trend performance and selection gains of purelines and hybrids in a large scale parallel development effort. This data set (13,739 points) reveals an average 0.454 t ha(-1) or 10.8% hybrid yield advantage over purelines in preliminary regional testing. Entries selected from the preliminary trials show a greater hybrid advantage of 0.652 t ha(-1), or 13.5%. Several factors including enhanced stability over strong yearly environmental effects, improved agronomic and epidemiological expression through complementary inbred trait selection, and improved heat tolerance are likely contributors to this significantly improved selection gain. Yield stability of hybrids and purelines was compared in Agripro Standard Variety Trials and USDA-ARS Southern Regional Performance Nurseries from 1990 to 1995. In addition to having higher means than purelines, hybrid yield advantage increased with improving production conditions. The enhanced responsiveness of hybrids, as indicated by higher slopes in regression analyses, was combined with similar deviations from regression response. Hybrid wheat in the Great Plains of the USA has shown a fundamental yield, responsiveness and selection gain advantage over pureline varieties that could result in acceptance by producers. C1 Agripro Seeds Inc, Berthoud, CO 80513 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Bruns, R (reprint author), Agripro Seeds Inc, POB 30, Berthoud, CO 80513 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1023/A:1018364801101 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZJ380 UT WOS:000073208800001 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ Graybosch, RA Shelton, DR Baenziger, PS AF Peterson, CJ Graybosch, RA Shelton, DR Baenziger, PS TI Baking quality of hard winter wheat: Response of cultivars to environment in the great plains (Reprinted from Wheat: Prospects for global improvement, 1998) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Wheat Conference CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL ANKARA, TURKEY ID FLOUR PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; GENOTYPE AB Inconsistency of wheat end-use quality has long been a problem for the milling and baking industries, which require high levels of uniformity for modern, high speed, processing. Extensive research was conducted to characterise genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors that contribute to variation in wheat quality. Samples from 17 locations of trials with 30 cultivars grown over two years were evaluated for grain quality, milling yield, mixograph parameters and baking properties. Protein quality and composition of flour samples were determined by SDS sedimentation and size-exclusion chromatography. Test sites were monitored for soil fertility, and meteorological data was collected hourly during grain fill. Additional grain samples and data were collected from six cultivars grown at 11 locations in 1993. Significant variation in end-use quality was observed among samples; variation was attributed to environmental effects, genotype, and their interactions. For many mixograph and baking parameters, variation attributed to environmental effects was of greater magnitude than for genotype. Increasing levels of low molecular weight (LMW) saline soluble proteins were related to a general decline in dough mixing properties and loaf characteristics. However, correlations of protein components with baiting parameters were generally low, suggesting limited predictive value. Hours of high temperature stress (>32 degrees C) during grain fill were associated with loaf volume and SDS sedimentation volume, although in a curvilinear fashion. Increasing temperature stress initially had a positive influence on loaf volume and protein quality; however, when temperature stress exceeded 90 hours, there was a strong negative influence on baking quality. Variation among cultivars for environmental stability was indicated and cultivar responses to temperature stress varied. Relationships with meteorological data suggest opportunities to predict wheat end-use quality through environmental modelling. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Peterson, CJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 10 TC 57 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1023/A:1018361502435 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZJ380 UT WOS:000073208800021 ER PT J AU Porceddu, E Turchetta, T Masci, S D'Ovidio, R Lafiandra, D Kasarda, DD Impiglia, A Nachit, MM AF Porceddu, E Turchetta, T Masci, S D'Ovidio, R Lafiandra, D Kasarda, DD Impiglia, A Nachit, MM TI Variation in endosperm protein composition and technological quality properties in durum wheat SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Wheat Conference CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL ANKARA, TURKEY DE durum wheat; endosperm proteins; gliadins; glutenins; pasta quality ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; GAMMA-GLIADIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; LMW SUBUNITS; CULTIVARS; STRENGTH AB Durum wheat quality is controlled by endosperm protein content and composition. Electrophoretic, protein content and SDS sedimentation analyses were carried out on a large collection of accessions of durum wheat from Turkey, and compared with Italian cultivars. A number of patterns were detected, resulting from the combination of different alleles at genomes A and B, and new allelic variants were identified. Genotypes with the same allele at Gli-B1 showed inconsistencies in the comparison of low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), suggesting caution in considering gamma-gliadins as genetic markers for pasta quality. Variation in protein content and SDS sedimentation values was wider in the Turkish material than in the Italian cultivars, the values of which were in line with cultivars from Australia, Canada, France, and the USA. A substantial amount of the variation in gluten properties was explained in terms of protein composition, with LMW-GS making the largest contribution. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analyses were carried out on two biotypes of the Italian cultivar Lira that differ at the Gli-B1/Glu-B3 loci (Lira 42 has gamma-42, LMW-1, and poor quality; whereas Lira 45 has gamma-45, LMW-2, and good quality). The results indicated that differences in quality may be due to: 1) the absolute amount of LMW glutenins which was greater in LMW-2; 2) the relative predominance of LMW-s type and LMW-m type subunits in Lira 45 glutenins which act as polymer chain extenders; and 3) the higher proportion of the alpha-type and gamma-type glutenin subunits, in Lira 42 glutenins, which have an additional (nine) cysteine residue in the N-terminal region and act as glutenin chain terminators. The conclusion reached was that breeding for quality should consider selection for LMW-GS and against alpha-type and gamma-type glutenin subunits. C1 Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. CIMMYT, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. RP Porceddu, E (reprint author), Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. RI D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014; Masci, Stefania/B-6690-2013 OI D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898; Masci, Stefania/0000-0003-2857-4498 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1023/A:1018338308795 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZJ380 UT WOS:000073208800027 ER PT J AU Klepper, B Rickman, RW Waldman, S Chevalier, P AF Klepper, B Rickman, RW Waldman, S Chevalier, P TI The physiological life cycle of wheat: Its use in breeding and crop management (Reprinted from Wheat: Prospects for global improvement, 1998) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Wheat Conference CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL ANKARA, TURKEY DE cereal; development; phyllochron; phyllome; stages; yield components ID WINTER-WHEAT; LEAF APPEARANCE; SPRING WHEAT; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; GRAIN DEVELOPMENT; TILLER FORMATION; GROWTH; PHYLLOCHRON; CULTIVARS; SIMULATION AB Efforts to model winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop growth and yield have required scientists to define processes in wheat physiology and to link knowledge of physiology with detailed descriptions of phenology. The use of precise visual plant staging to express different phenological phases of wheat has allowed modellers to define such features as: the specific organs available for growth; resource allocations to tiller, root, and leaf growth; above versus below ground distribution of dry matter; and timing of phenological events. Use of cumulative heat units (growing degree days) to drive cereal development has simplified the expression of some of these relationships. This paper presents phenological aspects of wheat development used for modelling and will discuss how this information might be of use to breeders and crop managers concerned with selection and management of plant materials. Cultivar properties such as stress avoidance, timing of critical stages, and harvest ratios as well as management factors including spray schedules, fertilisation timing and amounts, and planting geometry can all be examined for their impacts on production by use of models. These are the types of properties that breeders can use to improve yields. C1 ARS, USDA, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Agron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Klepper, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1023/A:1018313920124 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZJ380 UT WOS:000073208800045 ER PT J AU Naess, SK Swartz, HJ Bauchan, GR AF Naess, SK Swartz, HJ Bauchan, GR TI Ploidy reduction in blackberry SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE haploids; interspecific hybridization; pollen irradiation; Rubus ID IRRADIATED POLLEN; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; PLANTS; RECOMBINATION; MARKERS; DNA AB Polyploidy in blackberries and ploidy differences between Rubus species are obstacles to the efficient introduction of valuable germplasm, both intra-and interspecific, into blackberry breeding programs. Expansion of the germplasm base would be facilitated by reducing the ploidy level of blackberry cultivars to the diploid level. In this report selection of twin seed, interspecific hybridization, and pollen irradiation were compared as methods in the recovery of dihaploids from tetraploid blackberry cultivars. One dihaploid was obtained through selection of twin seed and several were obtained following interspecific hybridization. The infrequency of twinning and difficulty in detecting twin seed in Rubus reduced the efficiency of this method. The efficiency with which dihaploids could be obtained following interspecific hybridization varied with the pollen parent. Reduced seed set and seed quality following pollinations with respectively R. parvifolius and R. hirsutus could be used to advantage in the recovery of dihaploids from blackberries. Ploidy reduction in several tetraploid blackberry cultivars was obtained following pollinations with 100 and 150 kR gamma irradiated pollen. Most of the seedlings obtained at the 50 kR dosage were aneuploid. Pollen irradiation at 150 kR was the most efficient method of obtaining dihaploids from tetraploid blackberries. Twenty percent of the seedlings obtained following this treatment were dihaploid. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Hort, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Naess, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Hort, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 99 IS 1 BP 57 EP 73 DI 10.1023/A:1018372709235 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YW642 UT WOS:000071957800008 ER PT J AU Ge, YF Johnson, JW Roberts, JJ Rajaram, S AF Ge, YF Johnson, JW Roberts, JJ Rajaram, S TI Temperature and resistance gene interactions in the expression of resistance to Blumeria Graminis f. sp. Tritici SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE temperature - resistance gene interactions; powdery mildew; Blumeria graminis tritici; Triticum aestivum L. ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; POWDERY MILDEW; WINTER-WHEAT; LEAF RUST; DOWNY MILDEW; 3 COMPONENTS; KNOX WHEAT; AESTIVUM L; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS AB The influence of temperature on the resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, was evaluated on six wheat cultivars/lines, Axminster/8* Chancellor (Cc) (Pml), Chul/8*Cc (Pm3b), Yuma/8*Cc (Pm4a), VPM1 (Pm4b), Kavkaz (Pm8), and Chancellor, at two temperatures of 25EC and 15EC with two isolates of powdery mildew. Resistance, based on the components of latency period, infection type, colony number per unit leaf area, per cent infected leaf area, and AUDPC, was much less effective at 15EC than at 25EC for VPM1 and Yuma/8*Cc, but no resistance shift was observed for Kavkaz and Axminster/8*Cc, indicating the difference of temperature-sensitivity among Pm gen es or among the interactions of individual host genes with corresponding powdery mildew pathogen genes. C1 Univ Georgia, Georgia Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Stn, USDA ARS, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. CIMMYT, Wheat Program, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Johnson, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 99 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1023/A:1018392725474 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YX841 UT WOS:000072085000005 ER PT J AU Hosaka, K Hanneman, RE AF Hosaka, K Hanneman, RE TI Genetics of self-compatibility in a self-incompatible wild diploid potato species Solanum chacoense. 1. Detection of an S locus inhibitor (Sli) gene SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE inbreeding; self-compatibility; S locus inhibitor; sporophytic action; Solanum chacoense ID PROTEINS; CLONING; ALLELES AB A self-compatible (SC) variant of a wild diploid potato species, Solanum chacoense, which is normally self-incompatible (SI), was investigated for the nature and genetics of self-compatibility. It was crossed with a SI cultivated diploid potato species, S. phureja. The F-1 progeny segregated SC vs. SI. Diallel crosses were made among 15 F-1's. Self-compatibility was tested in a selfed family of a parental SC variant and in sib-mated and selfed families of F-1 progeny. All the data suggest that there is a single dominant gene (Sli) with sporophytic action inhibiting S gene expression in the pollen. Plants having a 'Sli' gene, produce pollen which is compatible to its own parent and plants with similar S genes. The 'Sli' gene has been maintained in a heterozygous condition through eight selfing generations (S-8) implying that dominant homozygotes might be associated with lethality. C1 Kobe Univ, Expt Farm, Kasai, Hyogo 67521, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hosaka, K (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Expt Farm, 1348 Uzurano, Kasai, Hyogo 67521, Japan. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1998 VL 99 IS 3 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1023/A:1018353613431 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YX842 UT WOS:000072085100006 ER PT J AU Hebbar, KP Martel, MH Heulin, T AF Hebbar, KP Martel, MH Heulin, T TI Suppression of pre- and postemergence damping-off in corn by Burkholderia cepacia SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Zea mays; Pythium spp.; Fusarium spp.; seed bacterization Burkholderia cepacia ID PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; ROOT COLONIZATION; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; SEED TREATMENT; BIOCONTROL; CULTIVARS; INDUCTION; WILT AB Burkholderia cepacia (syn. Pseudomonas cepacia) strain PHQM100 applied as a seed coating was tested in growth chamber experiments for its ability to suppress preemergence damping-off, and postemergence damping-off in corn induced by Pythium and Fusarium spp. The symptoms observed in bioassays with soils naturally infested with the fungal pathogens were seed rot with Pythium spp. and mesocotyl and root tissue necrosis in the presence of Fusarium spp. Three corn cultivars that differed in their susceptibility to damping-off pathogens were used. Cultivar L was susceptible to pre- and postemergence damping-off, whereas cv. LPDP and cv. LG11 were moderately resistant and resistant to the damping-off diseases respectively. In the presence of Pythium spp., seed treatment with B. cepacia reduced seed rot, as compared to the untreated seeds, and this reduction was more consistent in the cv. LPDP than in the resistant cv. LG11 or the susceptible cv. L. In soils infested with Fusarium spp., seed treatment significantly reduced root and mesocotyl necrosis as compared to the untreated seeds, and this reduction was more consistent in the resistant cultivars LG11 and LPDP than in the susceptible cv. L. Root colonization levels by B. cepacia were similar in the three corn cultivars tested. Biocontrol efficiency of B. cepacia varied among cultivars mainly due to the differences in their susceptibility to the fungal pathogens. In spite of variability and also irrespective of the soil characteristics, B. cepacia increased seedling emergence and decreased mesocotyl and root necrosis when used as a seed coating. C1 ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nancy 1, CNRS, UPR 6831, Ctr Pedol Biol, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Nancy, France. CEN Cadarache, CEA, CNR, UMR 163,Dept Ecophysiol Vegetale & Microbiol, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. RP Hebbar, KP (reprint author), ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI HEULIN, Thierry/C-1689-2010 NR 36 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 104 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1023/A:1008625511924 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZC676 UT WOS:000072605400004 ER PT S AU Manthey, JA Buslig, BS AF Manthey, JA Buslig, BS BE Manthey, JA Buslig, BS TI Flavonoids in the living system - An introduction SO FLAVONOIDS IN THE LIVING SYSTEM SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flavonoids and Related Compounds at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CHALCONE SYNTHASE; PETUNIA; POLLEN; INVITRO C1 ARS, USDA, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45905-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 439 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BL64H UT WOS:000076150000001 ER PT S AU Berhow, MA AF Berhow, MA BE Manthey, JA Buslig, BS TI Flavonoid accumulation in tissue and cell culture - Studies in Citrus and other plant species SO FLAVONOIDS IN THE LIVING SYSTEM SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Flavonoids and Related Compounds at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; SINENSIS OSB PROTOPLASTS; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; CALLUS-CULTURES; QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION; GLYCOSIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; PETROSELINUM-HORTENSE; SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION; PHYTOALEXIN SYNTHESIS C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Berhow, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 121 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45905-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 439 BP 67 EP 84 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BL64H UT WOS:000076150000006 PM 9781296 ER PT S AU Manthey, JA Grohmann, K AF Manthey, JA Grohmann, K BE Manthey, JA Buslig, BS TI Flavonoids of the orange subfamily Aurantioideae SO FLAVONOIDS IN THE LIVING SYSTEM SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flavonoids and Related Compounds at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES; CITRUS-PARADISI; QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION; ACRIDONE ALKALOIDS; ROOT BARK; GLYCOSIDES; NARINGIN; PEELINGS; BIOSYNTHESIS; GRAPEFRUIT C1 ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45905-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 439 BP 85 EP 101 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BL64H UT WOS:000076150000007 PM 9781297 ER PT J AU Glavin, M AF Glavin, M TI Update on FSIS initiatives SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy, Program Dev & Evaluat, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Glavin, M (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy, Program Dev & Evaluat, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 USA J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 2 BP 337 EP 339 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZW036 UT WOS:000074367200009 PM 10346689 ER PT S AU Spanier, AM Flores, M James, C Lasater, J Lloyd, S Miller, JA AF Spanier, AM Flores, M James, C Lasater, J Lloyd, S Miller, JA BE Contis, ET Ho, CT Mussinan, CJ Parliment, TH Shahidi, F Spanier, AM TI Fresh-cut pineapple (Ananas sp.) flavor. Effect of storage. SO FOOD FLAVORS: FORMATION, ANALYSIS, AND PACKAGING INFLUENCES SE DEVELOPMENTS IN FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Flavor Conference - the George Charalambous Memorial Symposium CY JUL 01-04, 1997 CL LIMNOS, GREECE SP Hershey, US, Kato Worldwide, Procter & Gamble Co, Soc Flavor Chemists, Amer Chem Soc, Agr & Food Chem Div AB Fresh-cut fruits are the fastest growing market in today's produce business. However, once a fruit is cut it becomes a different product from what it was in its uncut form. Thus, produce marketers must ensure their product's flavor and texture as well as the product's safety. We examined the effect of storage (4 degrees C for 3, 7, and 10 days) on the flavor volatile profile of freshly-cut pineapples. Volatiles of fresh-cut and stored pineapple chunks were examined by gas chromatography (GC), GC olfactometry (GC-O), GC mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and microbiological testing. GC-O data using dynamic headspace sampling techniques indicated that pineapple-like flavors increased very slightly during storage while unpleasant odors and volatiles such as fermented, cheesy, sour dough, alcohol, oily, etc., showed dramatic increases and masked the more desirable pineapple flavor. The large increases in the level of low boiling alcohols (as determined by GC and GC-MS) in stored pineapple suggest that fermentation events were ongoing. Yeast were confirmed as the source of the fermentation derived alcohols. Na other microbes (aerobic plate counts, total coliforms, E. coli, and mold) were found above the range acceptable to the fresh-cut produce industry. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Spanier, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Flores, Monica/0000-0002-4228-9899 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4501 BN 0-444-82590-8 J9 DEV FOOD SCI PY 1998 VL 40 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BL29B UT WOS:000075013400031 ER PT J AU Yotsumoto, H Hara, E Naka, S Adlof, RO Emken, EA Yanagita, T AF Yotsumoto, H Hara, E Naka, S Adlof, RO Emken, EA Yanagita, T TI 10trans,12cis-linoleic acid reduces apolipoprotein B secretion in HepG2 cells SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE conjugated linoleic acid; trans-Configuration; apolipoprotein B; cholesterol; triglycerides ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; CHOLESTERYL ESTER SYNTHESIS; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DIENOIC DERIVATIVES; OLEIC-ACID; G2 CELLS; TRIGLYCERIDE; DEGRADATION; STIMULATION; INHIBITION AB The effects of conjugated linoleic acids (9cis, 11cis-linoleic acid and 10trans, 12cis-linoleic acid) and 9cis, 12cis-linoleic acid on apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion and on the synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol were assessed in HepG2 cells. ApoB secretion by cells treated with 10 mu M 10trans, 12cis-linoleic acid for 24 h was decreased markedly when compared with that by cells exposed to 9cis, 12cis-linoleic acid, while cells treated with 9cis, 11cis-linoleic acid were not affected. 10trans, 12cis-linoleic acid inhibited cellular triglyceride and cholesteryl ester synthesis, but 9cis, 11cis-linoleic acid had no effect on triglyceride synthesis. The present study showed that the two conjugated linoleic acids had different influences on apoB and lipid metabolism. Compared with 9cis, 12cis-linoleic acid, 10trans, 12cis-linoleic acid inhibited cellular triglyceride synthesis and reduced apoB secretion. (C) 1999 Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Saga Univ, Dept Appl Biol Sci, Saga 8408502, Japan. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Yanagita, T (reprint author), Saga Univ, Dept Appl Biol Sci, Saga 8408502, Japan. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 5 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.1016/S0963-9969(98)00103-3 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 175FH UT WOS:000079082300011 ER PT J AU Edwards, RH Berrios, JD Mossman, AP Takeoka, GR Wood, DF Mackey, BE AF Edwards, RH Berrios, JD Mossman, AP Takeoka, GR Wood, DF Mackey, BE TI Texture of jet cooked, high amylose corn starch sucrose gels SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE high amylose starch; starch gels; texture; jet cooking AB The effects of composition, temperature, and storage time on the textural attributes of a starch-sucrose gel system were determined by means of textural profile analysis (TPA) tests. Mixtures of high amylose corn starch, sucrose, and water were jet cooked at temperatures of 110-150 degrees C, rapidly cooled to gels on a refrigerated belt, and stored at I OC. Treatment temperature, storage time, sucrose/starch ratio and water added/solids ratio were used as independent variables The ranges of sucrose, starch, and water added were 0-14.9, 14.4-33.6, and 48.3-77.8 g/kg, respectively. All four independent variables were found to be significant in second order response surface equations describing all textural attributes but adhesiveness. Hardness, fracturability, gumminess, and chewiness were exponentially related to quadratic functions of the variables while resilience, cohesiveness, and springiness were lineally related. Adhesiveness values were low and independent of the variables In general, values of textural attributes increased with temperature and storage time, and were inversely related to sucrose/starch ratio and water added/solids ratio. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Agr Res Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Edwards, RH (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 5 BP 432 EP 438 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 130MR UT WOS:000076524300004 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Ling, LC Wong, RY Dao, LT Edwards, RH Berrios, JD AF Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Ling, LC Wong, RY Dao, LT Edwards, RH Berrios, JD TI Odor thresholds of various unsaturated branched esters SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE odor threshold; double bond position; (Z) and (E) isomers; spectroscopic data ID VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; FRUIT; GC AB A series of unsaturated branched esters were purified by preparative gas chromatography and their odor thresholds were determined using sensory panel methods. In general, unsaturated branched esters had higher odor thresholds than their saturated counterparts. Double bond position and configuration had marked influences on the odor threshold. In most cases the addition of a double bond in the C-2 position of the acid resulted in significantly higher odor thresholds while the addition of a double bond in positions further away from the acid carbonyl had a smaller effect on the odor threshold. Ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate had the lowest odor threshold (0.01 mu L/10(3) L) of the esters tested while methyl (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate (methyl tiglate; 130 mu L/10(3) L) had the highest odor threshold. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 5 BP 443 EP 448 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 130MR UT WOS:000076524300006 ER PT J AU Kozempel, M Mcaloon, A Yee, W AF Kozempel, M Mcaloon, A Yee, W TI The cost of pasteurizing apple cider SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kozempel, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YQ675 UT WOS:000071412000009 ER PT J AU Okezie, BO AF Okezie, BO TI World food security: The role of postharvest technology SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Off Int Programs, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Okezie, BO (reprint author), USDA, CREES, SERD Int Programs, Room 3912 South Bldg,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1 BP 64 EP + PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YQ675 UT WOS:000071412000012 ER PT B AU Scatena, FN AF Scatena, FN BE Dallmeier, F Comiskey, JA TI A comparative ecology of the Bisley biodiversity plot and experimental watersheds, Luquillo experimental forest Puerto Rico SO FOREST BIODIVERSITY IN NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN: RESEARCH AND MONITORING SE MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Measuring and Monitoring Forest Biological Diversity - the International Network of Biodiversity Plots CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Smithsonian Inst, Man & Biosphere Biodivers Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, John D & Catherine T MacArthur Fdn, US Man & Biosphere Program, UNESCO, Man & Biosphere Programme, Intl Union Forestry Res Org, Ctr Int Forestry Res, US Natl Pk Serv, US Natl Biol Serv, USDA Forest Serv ID RIPARIAN NITROGEN DYNAMICS; HURRICANE-HUGO; RAIN-FOREST; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; NUTRIENT CONTENT; TROPICAL FOREST; SUBTROPICAL WET; SOIL; MOUNTAINS; TREES C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Scatena, FN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-85070-964-5 J9 MAN BIOSPH PY 1998 VL 21 BP 213 EP 230 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM34Q UT WOS:000078438000011 ER PT B AU Weaver, PL AF Weaver, PL BE Dallmeier, F Comiskey, JA TI Hurricane effects and long-term recovery in a subtropical rain forest SO FOREST BIODIVERSITY IN NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN: RESEARCH AND MONITORING SE MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Measuring and Monitoring Forest Biological Diversity - the International Network of Biodiversity Plots CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Smithsonian Inst, Man & Biosphere Biodivers Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, John D & Catherine T MacArthur Fdn, US Man & Biosphere Program, UNESCO, Man & Biosphere Programme, Intl Union Forestry Res Org, Ctr Int Forestry Res, US Natl Pk Serv, US Natl Biol Serv, USDA Forest Serv ID RICO LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; PUERTO-RICO; MONTANE FORESTS; DAMAGE; HUGO C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Weaver, PL (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-85070-964-5 J9 MAN BIOSPH PY 1998 VL 21 BP 249 EP 270 PG 22 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM34Q UT WOS:000078438000013 ER PT B AU Weaver, PL AF Weaver, PL BE Dallmeier, F Comiskey, JA TI The effects of environmental gradients on hurricane impact in Cinnamon Bay watershed, St John, US Virgin Islands SO FOREST BIODIVERSITY IN NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN: RESEARCH AND MONITORING SE MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Measuring and Monitoring Forest Biological Diversity - the International Network of Biodiversity Plots CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Smithsonian Inst, Man & Biosphere Biodivers Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, John D & Catherine T MacArthur Fdn, US Man & Biosphere Program, UNESCO, Man & Biosphere Programme, Intl Union Forestry Res Org, Ctr Int Forestry Res, US Natl Pk Serv, US Natl Biol Serv, USDA Forest Serv ID PUERTO-RICO; HUGO; FORESTS; DAMAGE C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Weaver, PL (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-85070-964-5 J9 MAN BIOSPH PY 1998 VL 21 BP 333 EP 348 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM34Q UT WOS:000078438000017 ER PT B AU Lund, HG Rudis, VA Stolte, KW AF Lund, HG Rudis, VA Stolte, KW BE Dallmeier, F Comiskey, JA TI Plots, pixels, and partnerships: Prospects for mapping, monitoring, and modeling biodiversity SO FOREST BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH, MONITORING AND MODELING: CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND AND OLD WORLD CASE STUDIES SE MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Measuring and Monitoring Forest Biological Diversity - the International Network of Biodiversity Plots CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Smithsonian Inst, Man & Biosphere Biodivers Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, John D & Catherine T MacArthur Fdn, US Man & Biosphere Program, UNESCO, Man & Biosphere Programme, Intl Union Forestry Res Org, Ctr Int Forestry Res, US Natl Pk Serv, US Natl Biol Serv, USDA Forest Serv C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, WO FIERR, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Lund, HG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, WO FIERR, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-85070-963-7 J9 MAN BIOSPH PY 1998 VL 20 BP 79 EP 99 PG 21 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BL23R UT WOS:000074779600005 ER PT B AU Solomon, DS Gove, JH AF Solomon, DS Gove, JH BE Dallmeier, F Comiskey, JA TI Monitoring diversity over time using a forest growth model based on ecological land classifications SO FOREST BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH, MONITORING AND MODELING: CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND AND OLD WORLD CASE STUDIES SE MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Measuring and Monitoring Forest Biological Diversity - the International Network of Biodiversity Plots CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Smithsonian Inst, Man & Biosphere Biodivers Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, John D & Catherine T MacArthur Fdn, US Man & Biosphere Program, UNESCO, Man & Biosphere Programme, Intl Union Forestry Res Org, Ctr Int Forestry Res, US Natl Pk Serv, US Natl Biol Serv, USDA Forest Serv C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Solomon, DS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-85070-963-7 J9 MAN BIOSPH PY 1998 VL 20 BP 109 EP 125 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BL23R UT WOS:000074779600007 ER PT B AU Slaughter, CW Spaeth, KE Viereck, LA Hanson, CL AF Slaughter, CW Spaeth, KE Viereck, LA Hanson, CL BE Dallmeier, F Comiskey, JA TI Watershed research programs: Opportunities for long-term biodiversity monitoring and research SO FOREST BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH, MONITORING AND MODELING: CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND AND OLD WORLD CASE STUDIES SE MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Measuring and Monitoring Forest Biological Diversity - the International Network of Biodiversity Plots CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Smithsonian Inst, Man & Biosphere Biodivers Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, John D & Catherine T MacArthur Fdn, US Man & Biosphere Program, UNESCO, Man & Biosphere Programme, Intl Union Forestry Res Org, Ctr Int Forestry Res, US Natl Pk Serv, US Natl Biol Serv, USDA Forest Serv C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Slaughter, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-85070-963-7 J9 MAN BIOSPH PY 1998 VL 20 BP 335 EP 354 PG 20 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BL23R UT WOS:000074779600019 ER PT J AU Ross, RJ Brashaw, BK Pellerin, RF AF Ross, RJ Brashaw, BK Pellerin, RF TI Nondestructive evaluation of wood SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 17 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZB465 UT WOS:000072474700005 ER PT J AU Lyke, J AF Lyke, J TI The impact of the North American free trade agreement on US forest products trade with Canada and Mexico: An assessment SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A review of the trade data for 1989 to 1995 indicates that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had little impact on forest products trade between Canada and the United States. On the other hand, U. S. forest products exports to Mexico have declined and imports have grown by over 40 percent in value terms since 1993. Ln addition, the United States is now importing a smaller share of wood products relative to paper products and exporting more pulp and less wood to Mexico than in 1993. The Mexican economic crisis of 1994 and 1995 and associated drastic peso devaluation has probably had a much greater effect on forest products trade between the United States and Mexico than NAFTA has, by altering the relative pricing structure for forest products. Likewise, the recent resolution of the softwood lumber trade dispute between Canada and the United States will probably have a far greater effect on forest products trade flows, and bilateral relations in general, than NAFTA will. The mid-term outlook for forest products trade between the parties to NAFTA is optimistic. Resolution of the softwood lumber issue should continue to soften relations between Canada and the United States and a growing Canadian economy should create additional opportunities for U.S. forest products exports to Canada. Gradual recovery of the Mexican economy in the next 3 to 5 years should increase demand for U.S. exports, especially since Mexico's ability to supply its own needs will probably continue to be restricted by limited timber availability. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Lyke, J (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, POB 96538, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZB465 UT WOS:000072474700006 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Cesa, E AF Smith, RL Cesa, E TI An assessment of "technology push" in the timber bridge industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ADOPTION AB A unified effort led by the USDA Forest Service has resulted in a "technology push" that utilizes new species and designs for timber bridges. Since 1989, it has been demonstrated by the construction of more than 200 modern timber bridges that designs incorporating new technologies can use underutilized species to improve our rural infrastructure. The objective of this study was to measure how manufacturers of bridge material rate the effect of the recent "technology push" for modem timber bridges upon their organizations. A questionnaire was mailed to over 90 firms identified as suppliers of material for modern timber bridges. It asked participants to rate 16 different statements that addressed how the "technology push" has impacted their operations. Firms agreed most with the statements that the Wood in Transportation program has assisted them with selling more bridge materials, using research to expand operations, and convincing local decision makers of the importance of timber as a bridge material. The lowest rated factors were hiring new workers, retaining workers that otherwise would have been laid off and expanding operations. Overall, respondents rated this "technology push" as moderately effective in expanding their markets for wood. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Wood Transportat Program, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZB465 UT WOS:000072474700009 ER PT J AU Kluender, R Lortz, D McCoy, W Stokes, B Klepac, J AF Kluender, R Lortz, D McCoy, W Stokes, B Klepac, J TI Removal intensity and tree size effects on harvesting cost and profitability SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Sixteen stands were harvested at intensities (proportion of basal area removed) ranging from 0.27 to 1.00. Logging contractors used chain saws and rubber-tired skidders. Harvested sites were similar in slope and tree size. Harvest cost per hundred cubic feet of wood (CCF) was inversely related to harvest intensity and tree size. Harvesting profitability per CCF was near zero when removing trees averaging less than 8 inches diameter at breast height (DBH). Harvest intensity had the greatest influence on profitability in small-diameter timber. Harvest profitability was greatest when removing large trees at high levels of harvesting intensity. Because of the differences in average tree size removed by different harvesting prescriptions, some prescriptions were more profitable than others. Most profitable for harvesting contractors in our study was single-tree selection in an uneven-aged stand. Less profitable were selection in an even-aged stand, clear cutting, and shelterwood harvests, in that order. Selection at low removal intensities with small trees removed would always be the least favored harvest method with the equipment spreads we observed. Average removed tree size needed to be at least 8 inches DBH to break even. C1 Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. Auburn Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Kluender, R (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZB465 UT WOS:000072474700011 ER PT J AU Simonsen, J Jacobson, R Rowell, R AF Simonsen, J Jacobson, R Rowell, R TI Properties of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers containing wood-based fillers SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REINFORCING FILLERS; COMPOSITES; FIBERS; POLYPROPYLENES AB Recycled newsprint (ONP) and dry process aspen fiber were combined with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymers containing either 7 or 14 percent maleic anhydride. The fiber-filled SMA composites were equivalent or superior to unfilled SMA in strength, stiffness, and notched Izod impact strength. ONP performed surprisingly well as a filler. Unnotched Izod impact strengths for filled polymers were lower than for unfilled polymers. Water sorption was similar among fillers, and was small compared with solid wood. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Simonsen, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZB465 UT WOS:000072474700018 ER PT S AU Risbrudt, CD Lessard, G AF Risbrudt, CD Lessard, G BE Nabuurs, GJ Nuutinen, T Bartelink, H Korhonen, M TI Ecosystem management at the landscape scale SO FOREST SCENARIO MODELLING FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AT LANDSCAPE LEVEL SE EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar and Summer School on Forest Scenario Modelling for Ecosystem Management at Landscape Level CY JUN 26-JUL 03, 1997 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP European Forest Inst, Inst Forestry & Nat Res, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr, Dept Forestry, IUFRO ID ECOLOGY C1 USDA, Forest Service, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Risbrudt, CD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Service, POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE PI JOENSUU PA TORIKATU 34, FIN-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND SN 1237-8801 BN 952-9844-40-9 J9 EUR FOREST INST PROC PY 1998 IS 19 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM48K UT WOS:000078875700001 ER PT S AU Camenson, DM AF Camenson, DM BE Nabuurs, GJ Nuutinen, T Bartelink, H Korhonen, M TI Hierarchical decision support tools for ecologically-based planning and management SO FOREST SCENARIO MODELLING FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AT LANDSCAPE LEVEL SE EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar and Summer School on Forest Scenario Modelling for Ecosystem Management at Landscape Level CY JUN 26-JUL 03, 1997 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP European Forest Inst, Inst Forestry & Nat Res, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr, Dept Forestry, IUFRO C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Camenson, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 3825 E Mulberry Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE PI JOENSUU PA TORIKATU 34, FIN-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND SN 1237-8801 BN 952-9844-40-9 J9 EUR FOREST INST PROC PY 1998 IS 19 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM48K UT WOS:000078875700004 ER PT S AU Archibald, DD Henrikssen, G Akin, DE Barton, FE AF Archibald, DD Henrikssen, G Akin, DE Barton, FE BE deHaseth, JA TI Spectroscopic characterization of enzymatic flax retting: Factor analysis of FT-IR and FT-Raman data SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ICOFTS 11) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL ATHENS, GA AB Flax retting is a chemical, microbial or enzymatic process which releases the bast fibers from the stem matrix so they can be suitable for mechanical processing before spinning into linen yam. This study aims to determine the vibrational spectral features and sampling methods which can be used to evaluate the retting process. Flax stems were retted on a small scale using an enzyme mixture known to yield good retted flax. Processed stems were harvested at various time points in the process and the retting was evaluated by conventional methods including weight loss, color difference and Fried's test, a visual ranking of how the stems disintegrate in hot water. Spectroscopic measurements were performed on either whole stems or powders of the fibers that were mechanically extracted from the stems. Selected regions of spectra were baseline and amplitude corrected using a variant of the multiplicative signal correction method. Principal component regression and partial least-squares regression with full cross-validation were used to determine the spectral features and rate of spectral transformation by regressing the spectra against the retting time in hours. FT-Raman of fiber powders and FT-IR reflectance of whole stems were the simplest and most precise methods for monitoring the retting transformation. Raman tracks the retting by measuring the decrease in aromatic signal and subtle changes in the C-H stretching vibrations. The IR method uses complex spectral features in the fingerprint and carbonyl region, many of which are due to polysaccharide components. Both spectral techniques monitor the retting process with greater precision than the reference method. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Archibald, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-746-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 430 BP 653 EP 656 DI 10.1063/1.55746 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BL29A UT WOS:000075012400133 ER PT B AU Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Bartolini, G Kelley, DS Kyle, D AF Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Bartolini, G Kelley, DS Kyle, D BE Riemersma, RA Armstrong, R Kelly, RW Wilson, R TI Dietary docosahexaenoic acid lowers plasma triglycerides in the absence of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid in human males SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS AND EICOSANOIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Essential Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids CY JUL 20-24, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Scotia Pharmaceut Ltd, Minist Agr Fisheries & Food, Natl Inst Alcohol & Alcoholism, Unilver, Van den Bergh Foods, Allergan, British Heart Fdn, Cancer Res Campaign, CERIN, Croda, Hewlett-Packard, Innovat Res, Int Fishmeal & Oil Mfg Assoc, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise, Merck Frosst, Mochida Pharmaceut Co, Nestle, Oliv Oil Council, Pharmacia-Upjohn, Pronova Biocare, Roche, Scottish Off, Topcro Pharma Res, ISSFAL ID UNSATURATED FAT DIETS; BLEEDING-TIME; DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; PLATELET-AGGREGATION; SERUM PHOSPHOLIPIDS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; FISH OILS; RAT-LIVER; LIPIDS; METABOLISM C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Nelson, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 508 S 6TH ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA BN 0-935315-96-9 PY 1998 BP 262 EP 267 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BM66D UT WOS:000079368000058 ER PT B AU LaVerne, E Stetson, PE Meyer, SM AF LaVerne, E Stetson, PE Meyer, SM BE Chastain, JP TI Electrical systems for dairies in the next millennium SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL DIARY HOUSING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Dairy Housing Conference of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JAN 28-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASAE, SE-403 Dairy Housing Comm, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst DE electric wiring; electrical codes; electric power AB Electrical equipment and wiring methods appropriate for the environments found in dairy housing are discussed. Proper grounding of systems and equipment and selection of overcurrent devices to facilitate fail-safe electrical systems are presented. Methods to limit voltage drop to 5% from the facility power source to the end-use equipment are offered. There are recommendations for locating equipment, wiring methods, and additional safety switches for protection of equipment for facilitating service. Since many recommendations are general, there are suggested references for further details on wiring and equipment selection. C1 Agr Res Svc, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. RP LaVerne, E (reprint author), Agr Res Svc, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-89-X PY 1998 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BK72V UT WOS:000073225400008 ER PT S AU Okie, WR AF Okie, WR BE Monet, R TI Preliminary descriptions of five new peach genes SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PEACH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Peach Symposium CY JUN 22-26, 1997 CL BORDEAUX, FRANCE SP INRA, Unite Rech Especes Fruitieres & Vigne, Villenave d Ornon, France, Int Soc Hort Sci DE Prunus persica; growth habit; genetics AB Five previously undescribed genetic characters have appeared in seedling populations developed in support of our peach and nectarine breeding program. One of these, Roughskin, reduces fruit pubescence. The others affect tree growth (Collar, Mini-pillar, Twister) or leaf color (Quick fade). Preliminary results suggest all are controlled by single recessive genes demonstrating dominant gene action, except for Quick fade, which demonstrates incomplete dominance. Additional observations are needed to verify the inheritance of these characters. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-830-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 465 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BL19J UT WOS:000074644600009 ER PT S AU Beckman, TG AF Beckman, TG BE Monet, R TI Developing Armillaria resistant rootstocks for peach SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PEACH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Peach Symposium CY JUN 22-26, 1997 CL BORDEAUX, FRANCE SP INRA, Unite Rech Especes Fruitieres & Vigne, Villenave d Ornon, France, Int Soc Hort Sci DE Prunus persica; Armillaria tabescens; breeding AB Armillaria Root Rot (Armillaria tabescens) is the second leading cause of peach tree mortality (after peach tree short life) in the southeastern United States. Estimated lifetime production losses attributed to Armillaria average more than $5 million (U.S. dollars) annually, Currently, in the United States there are no commercially available rootstocks for peach with proven resistance to this pathogen. Available chemical controls are not considered to be cost effective. Since 1983 we have been screening rootstock candidates for resistance to Armillaria. Most peach germplasm screened to date appears to be unacceptably susceptible to this pathogen. However, plums appear to offer useful levels of resistance. As a group, those plum lines which have some native North American plum germplasm in their pedigree have performed better than those lines based on non-native species. Attempts to improve infection rates and hasten tree decline and death in field trials through artificial inoculation have had promising results. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-830-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 465 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BL19J UT WOS:000074644600026 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Deahl, KL Domek, J Orlandi, E AF Baker, CJ Deahl, KL Domek, J Orlandi, E TI Pseudo-catalatic mode of horse radish peroxidase SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1998 VL 25 SU 1 MA 345 BP S121 EP S121 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 139VP UT WOS:000077051400366 ER PT J AU Suzuki, YJ Shi, SS Blumberg, JB AF Suzuki, YJ Shi, SS Blumberg, JB TI Homocysteine modulation of angiotensin II signaling for c-fos SRF and GATA transcription factors. SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1998 VL 25 SU 1 MA 133 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 139VP UT WOS:000077051400153 ER PT J AU Wu, HY Saari, JT Kang, YJ AF Wu, HY Saari, JT Kang, YJ TI Inhibition of copper deficiency-induced heart hypertrophy by metallothionein in mouse SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1998 VL 25 SU 1 MA 101 BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 139VP UT WOS:000077051400121 ER PT J AU Codling, EE Wright, RJ AF Codling, EE Wright, RJ TI Plant uptake of selenium arsenic and molybdenum from soil treated with coal combustion byproducts SO FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE fly ash; flue gas desulfurization residues; fluidized bed combustion residues; agricultural utilization; trace element uptake; risk assessment ID FLY-ASH LANDFILL; NUTRITION AB Three coal combustion byproducts, fly ash (FA), scrubber sludge (SS) and gypsum (G), added to soil at rates of 0, 20, 40 and 80 g/kg only limited annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) growth at the 80 g/kg rate. FA and SS increased selenium (Se), arsenic (As) and molybdenum (Mo) concentrations in ryegrass but only Se from FA would present a potential food chain risk. G did not significantly increase ryegrass concentrations of Se, As and Mo and should not produce elevated trace element levels in plant material or the environment when added to sail at high rates. C1 ARS, Environm Chem Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), ARS, Environm Chem Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST LEBENSMITTELTECHNOLOGIE ANALYTISCHE CHEMIE PI FREISING-WEIHENSTEPHAN PA TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT MUNCHEN, D-85350 FREISING-WEIHENSTEPHAN, GERMANY SN 1018-4619 J9 FRESEN ENVIRON BULL JI Fresenius Environ. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 125 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YQ195 UT WOS:000071359200018 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ AF Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ TI 'San Saba' pecan SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rt 2,Box 133, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1 BP 2 EP 4 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YX547 UT WOS:000072051500001 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE AF Hummer, KE TI 'Old Home' and 'Farmingdale,' the Romeo and Juliet of pear rootstocks: An historical perspective SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The search for a high quality pear rootstock was begun by Professor F.C. Reimer in the early part of the 20th century. He obtained two fire blight-resistant clones of Pyrus communis L., 'Old Home' and 'Fanning dale from Illinois.' These two clones became a "Romeo and Juliet" of pear rootstocks producing the 'Old Home x Farmingdale' series. In the United States the names and numbers of this series have been trade-marked and several clones were patented. Three generations later,'Old Home' continues to be used as a parental source of pear fire blight and decline-resistant genes in rootstock and cultivar breeding programs in the United States, Canada, France, England. and Germany. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1 BP 38 EP 40 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YX547 UT WOS:000072051500011 ER PT J AU Besse, P Taylor, G Carroll, B Berding, N Burner, D McIntyre, CL AF Besse, P Taylor, G Carroll, B Berding, N Burner, D McIntyre, CL TI Assessing genetic diversity in a sugarcane germplasm collection using an automated AFLP analysis SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE AFLP (TM); automated analysis; diversity; GelCompar (TM); sugarcane ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE MAP; ANDROPOGONEAE-SACCHARINAE; RAPD ANALYSIS; RFLP MARKERS; PCR; INHERITANCE; ERIANTHUS; LACTUCA AB An assessment of genetic diversity within and between Saccharum, Old World Erianthus sect. Ripidium, and North American E. giganteus (S. giganteum) was conducted using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP(TM)) markers. An automated gel scoring system (GelCompar(TM)) was successfully used to analyse the complex AFLP patterns obtained in sugarcane and its relatives. Similarity coefficient calculations and clustering revealed agenetic structure for Saccharum and Erianthus sect. Ripidium that was identical to the one previously obtained using other molecular marker types, showing the appropriateness of AFLP markers and the associated automated analysis in assessing genetic diversity in sugarcane. A genetic structure that correlated with cytotype (2n = 30, 60, 90) was revealed within the North American species, E. giganteus (S. giganteum). Complex relationships among Saccharum, Erianthus sect. Ripidium, and North American E. giganteus were revealed and are discussed in the light of a similar study which involved RAPD markers. C1 CSIRO, Trop Agr, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. BSES, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Agr, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Biochem, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. BSES, Meringa Expt Stn, Gordonvale, Qld 4865, Australia. USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70361 USA. RP McIntyre, CL (reprint author), CSIRO, Trop Agr, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RI Carroll, Bernard/C-7690-2009; McIntyre, Cathrine/F-5782-2011 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 1998 VL 104 IS 2 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1023/A:1003436403678 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 186GV UT WOS:000079721300003 PM 16220373 ER PT J AU Xu, SZ Yonash, N Vallejo, RL Cheng, HH AF Xu, SZ Yonash, N Vallejo, RL Cheng, HH TI Mapping quantitative trait loci for binary traits using a heterogeneous residual variance model: an application to Marek's disease susceptibility in chickens SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE chicken; fisher-scoring; Marek's disease; maximum likelihood; QTL; threshold trait ID ASYMPTOTIC VARIANCE; REGRESSION METHOD; EM ALGORITHM; LINE CROSSES; MARKERS AB A typical problem in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) comes from missing QTL genotype. A routine method for parameter estimation involving missing data is the mixture model maximum likelihood method. We developed an alternative QTL mapping method that describes a mixture of several distributions by a single model with a heterogeneous residual variance. The two methods produce similar results, but the heterogeneous residual Variance method is computationally much faster than the mixture model approach. In addition, the new method can automatically generate sampling variances of the estimated parameters. We derive the new method in the context of QTL mapping for binary traits in a F-2 population. Using the heterogeneous residual variance model, we identified a QTL on chromosome IV that controls Marek's disease susceptibility in chickens. The QTL alone explains 7.2% of the total disease variation. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NIAAA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Xu, SZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM55321-01] NR 23 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 1998 VL 104 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1023/A:1003522902078 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 186GV UT WOS:000079721300006 PM 10220908 ER PT J AU Vallejo, RL Bacon, LD Liu, HC Witter, RL Groenen, MAM Hillel, J Cheng, HH AF Vallejo, RL Bacon, LD Liu, HC Witter, RL Groenen, MAM Hillel, J Cheng, HH TI Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting susceptibility to Marek's disease virus induced tumors in F-2 intercross chickens SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FLANKING MARKERS; LINE CROSSES; LINKAGE MAPS; RESISTANCE; STRAIN; RECOMBINATION; COMPLEX; POWER AB Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by the MD virus (MDV), which costs the poultry industry nearly $1 billion annually. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting MD susceptibility, the inbred lines 6(3) (MD resistant) and 7(2) (MD susceptible) were mated to create more than 300 F-2 chickens. The F-2 chickens were challenged with MDV (JM strain, moderately virulent) at 1 wk of age and assessed for MD susceptibility The QTL analysis was divided into three stages. In stage 1, 65 DNA markers selected from the chicken genetic maps were typed on the 40 most MD-susceptible and the 40 most MD-resistant F-2 chickens, and 21 markers residing near suggestive QTL were revealed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). In stage 2, the suggestive markers plus available flanking markers were typed on 272 F-2 chickens, and three suggestive QTL were identified by ANOVA. In stage 3, using the interval mapping program Map Manager and permutation tests, two significant and two suggestive MD QTL were identified on four chromosomal subregions. Three to five loci collected explained between 11 and 23% of the phenotypic MD variation, or 32-68% of the genetic variance. This study constitutes the first report in the domestic chicken on the mapping of non-major histocompatibility complex QTL affecting MD susceptibility. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Anim Breeding, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Dept Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hcheng@pilot.msu.edu RI Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012 OI Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545 NR 55 TC 123 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 148 IS 1 BP 349 EP 360 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YR425 UT WOS:000071494000032 PM 9475745 ER PT J AU Hyman, ME Johnson, CE Bailey, SW April, RH Hornbeck, JW AF Hyman, ME Johnson, CE Bailey, SW April, RH Hornbeck, JW TI Chemical weathering and cation loss in a base-poor watershed SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GEOCHEMICAL MASS BALANCES; SOUTHERN BLUE RIDGE; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; ACID-RAIN; HUBBARD-BROOK; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; RATES; ACIDIFICATION; SOILS; CHEMISTRY AB Weathering of minerals in soils provides important plant nutrients and consumes acidity, yet mineral weathering is difficult to observe and quantify. We derived present-day weathering flux estimates for soil minerals in a forested watershed in central New Hampshire using a geochemical mass balance, The Cone Pond watershed is characterized by low-alkalinity surface waters and acidic Spodosols developed on a thin mantle of locally derived till, making it susceptible to continued inputs of acid precipitation, Weathering reactions were developed on the basis of observed patterns of mineral abundance in the soil profile and measured mineral chemistry, The dissolution of approximately 171 mol ha(-1) yr(-1) of plagioclase feldspar is the predominant weathering reaction at Cone Pond, Weathering fluxes of hornblende, biotite, chlorite, and potassium feldspar ranged from 3 to 20 mol ha(-1) yr(-1), an order of magnitude lower, When normalized to their abundances in the soil, however, horn-blende and chlorite had the fastest weathering rates, as measured by cation release, Chemical weathering, mainly of plagioclase, resulted in the neutralization of only 52% of incoming acidity, Furthermore, silicate weathering could only account for the release of about 53 mol ha(-1) yr(-1) of Ca, compared to the observed net output (stream loss minus bulk precipitation input) of 75 mol ha(-1) yr(-1). On the basis of these observations and a companion study, we conclude that current acid inputs exceed the ability of Cone Pond soils to neutralize hydrogen ion, and that depletion of approximately 22-53 mol ha(-1) yr(-1) of Ca from labile soil pools is occurring in this area, The rate of Ca depletion is one-third to one-eighth of the rate estimated for a more base-rich watershed nearby. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Colgate Univ, Dept Geol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. RP Hyman, ME (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 220 Hinds Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RI Johnson, Chris/A-6979-2011; OI Johnson, Chris/0000-0001-9079-813X; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 67 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 12 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 110 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0085:CWACLI>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YR157 UT WOS:000071465900007 ER PT J AU Li, YF Bidleman, TF Barrie, LA McConnell, LL AF Li, YF Bidleman, TF Barrie, LA McConnell, LL TI Global hexachlorocyclohexane use trends and their impact on the arctic atmospheric environment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER GAS-EXCHANGE; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; AIR; PESTICIDES; REVERSAL; SEAWATER AB The relationship between the global technical HCH use trends and their impact on the arctic atmospheric environment has been studied. Two significant drops in global technical HCH usage were identified. In 1983, China banned the use of technical HCH. This represented the largest drop ever in global use rates. In 1990 India stopped technical HCH usage in agriculture and the former Soviet Union banned the use of technical HCH. Since 1990, India has been the biggest user of technical HCH in the world. Significant drops in atmospheric alpha-HCH in the arctic were observed between 1982 and 1983, and again between 1990 and 1992. The rapid response in atmospheric concentrations to usage is encouraging; however, since alpha-HCH concentrations in the arctic waters have remained relatively unchanged, the decline in atmospheric alpha-HCH has reversed the net direction of air-sea gas bur. The accumulated mass in oceans and large lakes may represent a new source of HCH to the arctic atmosphere. C1 Atmospher Environm Serv, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, YF (reprint author), Atmospher Environm Serv, 4905 Dufferin St, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM yi-fan.li@ec.gc.ca; terry.bidleman@ec.gc.ca; len.barrie@ec.gc.ca; mcconnel@asrr.arsusda.gov RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011; Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011 OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532 NR 35 TC 111 Z9 121 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 DI 10.1029/97GL03441 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YQ302 UT WOS:000071371700012 ER PT B AU Brady, SJ Flather, CH AF Brady, SJ Flather, CH BE Tachker, Y TI Agricultural land use patterns and grassland nesting birds SO GIBIER FANE SAUVAGE - GAME AND WILDLIFE, VOL 15 (SPECIAL NUMBER PTS 2 AND 3) 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUGB XXIIIrd Congress CY SEP 01-06, 1997 CL LYON, FRANCE SP Int Union Game Biologists, Conseil Reg Rhone Alpes, Conseil Gen Rhone, Conseil Gen Ain, Rhone Poulec Agro France, Rhone Merieux, Bayer, Novartis, Force Limagrain, Jouffray Drillaud, Conseil Int Chasse, Fdn Int Sauvegarde Faune, Federat Assoc Chasseurs Union Europeenne, Union Natl Federat Dept Chasseurs, Federat Interdepartementale Chasseurs Paris HSV, Federat Departementale chasseurs Rhone, Federat Departementale Chasseurs Ain, Union Industries Protect Plantes, Union Nationale cooperat Agricoled Approvisionnement, Credit Agricole, Fdn Pierre Verots, Air Inter, Renault, Dist Inject DE grassland nesting bird; agriculture; land use; conservation reserve program; United States ID PROGRAM AB Many grassland nesting birds have been declining in abundance over the last three decades as determined from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). Agricultural crop production and grazing land management constitute the most extensive land uses throughout the Great Plains where grassland nesting birds are most abundant. The objective of our analysis was to document the associations of several species of grassland nesting birds with nonfederal rural land use patterns and to identify factors that were related to grassland bird abundance. The 1992 National Resources inventory was used to describe land use patterns. Eleven species of grassland nesting birds were evaluated using data from the BBS. While half of the birds responded positively to the Conservation Reserve Program the remainder were neutral. Differences in patterns of bird species associations with regional descriptors of land use lead us to conclude that habitat management for grassland nesting birds needs to take into account both levels, regional and local, incorporating all land uses. C1 USDA, Natl Resurces Conservat Serv, Nat Resources Inventory & Anal Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Brady, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Resurces Conservat Serv, Nat Resources Inventory & Anal Inst, 3825 E Mulberry St, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OFFICE NATIONAL CHASSE PI PARIS PA 85 BIS, AVENUE WAGRAM, PARIS, FRANCE PY 1998 BP 775 EP 784 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BM94Z UT WOS:000080237300049 ER PT J AU Ewel, KC Bourgeois, JA Cole, TG Zheng, SF AF Ewel, KC Bourgeois, JA Cole, TG Zheng, SF TI Variation in environmental characteristics and vegetation in high-rainfall mangrove forests, Kosrae, Micronesia SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Marine Ecosystems CY APR, 1996 CL PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA SP Carnegie Inst, Washington DE soil redox potential; porewater salinity; Micronesia; Sonneratia alba; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Rhizophora apiculata; mangrove ID GROWTH AB Understanding differences among fringe, riverine, and basin zones in mangrove forests may assist mangrove scientists in clarifying the relationships between tree distributions and environmental characteristics, and may assist resource managers in designing appropriate management policies for these important wetlands. This study examined differences in soil redox potential and porewater salinity as well as in characteristics and distribution of hardwood mangrove trees among these zones on the island of Kosrae in the Federated States of Micronesia. Neither porewater salinity nor soil redox potential differed significantly among the three types of forests. High annual rainfall (5000-6000 mm/year) and, perhaps. high rates of groundwater flow and surface runoff, may buffer these forests from extremes in salinity. Zonation of trees was not readily apparent, with Sonneratia alba J. Smith, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk., and Rhizophora apiculata Bl. dominant in volume and/or density in all three zones. Tree heights were significantly shorter in fringe forests than in basin forests. Growing conditions appear to vary among the three zones, but other environmental characteristics may be responsible. Data on regeneration patterns suggest that resource managers should restrict harvesting in fringe and riverine zones and attempt to increase regeneration of S. alba in basin zones where large gaps are formed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Trop Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Peoples R China. RP Ewel, KC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1151 Punchbowl St,Rm 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.2307/2997696 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA ZU946 UT WOS:000074252300005 ER PT J AU Allen, JA AF Allen, JA TI Mangroves as alien species: the case of Hawaii SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Marine Ecosystems CY APR, 1996 CL PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA SP Carnegie Inst, Washington DE species introductions; alien specie; Hawaii; Rhizophora mangle; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Conocarpus erectus; mangroves ID LITTER PRODUCTION; ECOSYSTEM; EVOLUTION AB Prior to the early 1900s, there were no mangroves in the Hawaiian Archipelago. In 1902, Rhizophora mangle was introduced on the island of Molokai, primarily for the purpose of stabilizing coastal mud flats. This species is now well established in Hawaii. and is found on nearly all of the major islands. At least five other species of mangroves or associated species were introduced to Hawaii in the early 1900s and while none has thrived to the degree of R. mangle, at least two have established self-maintaining populations (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Conocarpus erectus). Mangroves are highly regarded in most parts of the tropics for the ecosystem services they provide, but in Hawaii they also have important negative ecological and economic impacts. Known negative impacts include reduction in habitat quality for endangered waterbirds such as the Hawaiian stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni), colonization of habitats to the detriment of native species (e.g. in anchialine pools), overgrowing native Hawaiian archaeological sites, and causing drainage and aesthetic problems. Positive impacts appear to be fewer, but include uses of local importance, such as harvesting B. gymnorrhiza flowers for lei-making, as well as some ecological services attributed to mangroves elsewhere, such as sediment retention and organic matter export. From a research perspective. possible benefits of the presence of mangroves in Hawaii include an unusual opportunity to evaluate their functional role in coastal ecosystems and the chance to examine unique or rare species interactions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Allen, JA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Rm 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.2307/2997698 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA ZU946 UT WOS:000074252300007 ER PT J AU Ewel, KC Twilley, RR Ong, JE AF Ewel, KC Twilley, RR Ong, JE TI Different kinds of mangrove forests provide different goods and services SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Marine Ecosystems CY APR, 1996 CL PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA SP Carnegie Inst, Washington DE mangrove forests; flood protection; nutrients; wastewater recycling; timber harvesting; shrimp ponds ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; SOUTHWEST FLORIDA; LITTER PRODUCTION; TERMINOS LAGOON; SHRIMP POND; LEAF-LITTER; ECOSYSTEMS; SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN AB The goods and services that mangrove forests provide to society are widely understood but may be too generally stated to serve as useful guidelines in decision-making. Understanding the differences between fringe, riverine, and basin forests map help to focus these guidelines and to determine the best use of a particular forest. Fringe mangroves are important primarily for shoreline protection. Riverine forests, which are likely to be the most productive of the three types of forests, are particularly important to animal and plant productivity, perhaps because of high nutrient concentrations associated with sediment trapping. Basin forests serve as nutrient sinks for both natural and anthropogenically enhanced ecosystem processes and are often important sources of wood products. Exploitation of a forest for one particular reason may make it incapable of providing other goods and services. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Univ Sains Malaysia, Ctr Marine Coastal Studies, Penang 11800, Malaysia. RP Ewel, KC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1151 Punchbowl St,Rm 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM kewel@gte.net NR 82 TC 160 Z9 168 U1 10 U2 84 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.2307/2997700 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA ZU946 UT WOS:000074252300009 ER PT B AU Pick, DH Kinsey, JD AF Pick, DH Kinsey, JD BE Pick, DH Henderson, DR Kinsey, JD Sheldon, IM TI Global markets for processed foods - Theoretical and practical issues - Introduction SO GLOBAL MARKETS FOR PROCESSED FOODS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Global Markets for Processes Foods - Theoretical and Practical Issues CY JUN, 1996 CL UNIV MINNESOTA, ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Int Agr Trade Consortium, Univ Minnesota, Retail Food Ind Ctr HO UNIV MINNESOTA C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Pick, DH (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTVIEW PRESS PI BOULDER PA 5500 CENTRAL AVENUE, BOULDER, CO 80301-2877 USA BN 0-8133-3279-6 PY 1998 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BM25Q UT WOS:000078184600001 ER PT B AU Haley, S Paarlberg, PL AF Haley, S Paarlberg, PL BE Pick, DH Henderson, DR Kinsey, JD Sheldon, IM TI Export subsidy switching under the Uruguay round commitments: The case of wheat and wheat flour SO GLOBAL MARKETS FOR PROCESSED FOODS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Global Markets for Processes Foods - Theoretical and Practical Issues CY JUN, 1996 CL UNIV MINNESOTA, ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Int Agr Trade Consortium, Univ Minnesota, Retail Food Ind Ctr HO UNIV MINNESOTA C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Haley, S (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTVIEW PRESS PI BOULDER PA 5500 CENTRAL AVENUE, BOULDER, CO 80301-2877 USA BN 0-8133-3279-6 PY 1998 BP 223 EP 240 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BM25Q UT WOS:000078184600013 ER PT B AU Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K BE Pick, DH Henderson, DR Kinsey, JD Sheldon, IM TI Farm output and employment links from processed food exports: A comparison of Brazil, Mexico, and the United States SO GLOBAL MARKETS FOR PROCESSED FOODS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Global Markets for Processes Foods - Theoretical and Practical Issues CY JUN, 1996 CL UNIV MINNESOTA, ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Int Agr Trade Consortium, Univ Minnesota, Retail Food Ind Ctr HO UNIV MINNESOTA C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTVIEW PRESS PI BOULDER PA 5500 CENTRAL AVENUE, BOULDER, CO 80301-2877 USA BN 0-8133-3279-6 PY 1998 BP 277 EP 295 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BM25Q UT WOS:000078184600016 ER PT B AU Cropper, JB Colyer, D AF Cropper, JB Colyer, D BE Krueger, CR Pionke, HB TI Assessment of the pasture resource in the Northeast SO GRAZING IN THE NORTHEAST: ASSESSING CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES, RESEARCH DIRECTIONS, AND EDUCATION NEEDS SE NRAES, NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Grazing in the Northeast CY MAR 25-26, 1998 CL CAMP HILL, PA SP NE Pasture Res & Extens Consortium, NE Reg Agr Engn Serv C1 USDA ARS, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Cropper, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE PI ITHACA PA COOPERAT EXTENS, 152 RILEY-ROB B HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA BN 0-935817-25-5 J9 NRAES, NAT RES AGR E PY 1998 VL 113 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BS12N UT WOS:000168742000002 ER PT B AU Rotz, CA Cropper, JB AF Rotz, CA Cropper, JB BE Krueger, CR Pionke, HB TI Water quality and land resource protection: Integration in whole farm systems SO GRAZING IN THE NORTHEAST: ASSESSING CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES, RESEARCH DIRECTIONS, AND EDUCATION NEEDS SE NRAES, NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Grazing in the Northeast CY MAR 25-26, 1998 CL CAMP HILL, PA SP NE Pasture Res & Extens Consortium, NE Reg Agr Engn Serv ID AUSTRALIAN GRAZING ENTERPRISES; DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEMS; FORAGE CONSERVATION; WEATHER UNCERTAINTY; HILL VEGETATION; STOCKING RATE; DAIRY FARMS; MODEL; PREDICTION; SIMULATION C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE PI ITHACA PA COOPERAT EXTENS, 152 RILEY-ROB B HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA BN 0-935817-25-5 J9 NRAES, NAT RES AGR E PY 1998 VL 113 BP 157 EP 178 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BS12N UT WOS:000168742000010 ER PT J AU McArthur, ED Van Buren, R Sanderson, SC Harper, KT AF McArthur, ED Van Buren, R Sanderson, SC Harper, KT TI Taxonomy of Sphaeromeria, Artemisia, and Tanacetum (Compositae, Anthemideae) based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Sphaeromeria; Artemisia; Tanacetum; Anthemideae; RAPD; taxonomy ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; ASTERACEAE; VARIABILITY; SYSTEMATICS; MIMULUS; LEVEL AB Relationships within, between, and among the Anthemideae genera Sphaeromeria, Artemisia, and Tanacetum were investigated using 238 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers obtained from twenty 10-mer primers amplified on genomic DNA. Forty-one populations ii om 16 taxa (15 species) were studied. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity and UPGMA clustering analysis were used to construct phenograms. T tests were used. to make comparisons between samples at various systematic levels. DNA markers were 75% similar for conspecific populations. Sixteen Sphaeromeria populations (5 species) showed an average interspecific similarity of 21%. Interspecific similarity among 23 Artemisia populations (8 species with 2 subspecies of A. tridentata included) averaged 27%. Two Tanacetum species (1 population each) were 89% similar. The high similarity of the Tanacetum species was in the range of observed values for conspecific populations; indeed those 2 species (T. vulgare and T. boreale) have been considered conspecific by some authors. The 3 subgenera of Artemisia studied (Artemisia, Dracunculus, and Tridentatae) formed separate groups. In comparisons among the genera, Sphaeromeria was 18% similar to Artemisia (more similar to subgenus Tridentatae than the other Artemisia subgenera); intergeneric comparisons of Sphaeromeria and Artemisia and Artemisia and Tanacetum each were found to be 7% similar to each other Thus, based on DNA markers, Sphaeromeria is more similar to Artemisia than it is to Tanacetum, which supports previously established morphological distinctions. Sphaeromeria potentilloides may be misplaced in the gellus Sphaeromeria based: on DNA marker results. It is likely that North American Anthemideae are circumboreal derivatives of ancestral Eurasian stock and that Sphaeromeria is derived from an Artemisia-like ancestor. C1 US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP McArthur, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 69 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YX339 UT WOS:000072030300001 ER PT J AU McArthur, ED Mudge, J Van Buren, R Andersen, WR Sanderson, SC Babbel, DG AF McArthur, ED Mudge, J Van Buren, R Andersen, WR Sanderson, SC Babbel, DG TI Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) of Artemisia subgenus Tridentatae species and hybrids SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; Tridentatae; RAPD; hybridization; diploid; tetraploid; polyploid; autopolyploidy ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; BIG SAGEBRUSH; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; MARKERS; ASTERACEAE; NARROW; AUTOPOLYPLOIDY; GROWTH; ZONE AB Species of Artemisia (subgenus Tridemtatae) dominate much of western North America. The genetic variation that allows this broad ecological adaptation is facilitated by hybridization and polyploidization. Three separate studies were performed in this group using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Fifty-seven 10-mer primers generated nearly 400 markers from genomic DNA obtained from leaf tissue. These studies were (1) a measure of the variability of plants within and between populations and between subspecies using 5 A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis populations, 2 A. cana ssp. cana populations, and 1 A. cana ssp. viscidula population; (2) an examination of the hypothesis that tetraploid (4x) Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana derives de novo from diploid (2x) populations via autopolyploidy; and (3) an examination of the validity of the status of putative hybrids that have been produced by controlled pollination. These latter hybrid combinations-A. tridentata ssp. tridentata x A. t. ssp. vaseyana, A. t. spp wyomingensis x A. tripartita, and A. cana ssp. cana x A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis-were made to combine traits of parental taxa in unique combinations with possible management application. RAPD marker data were subjected to similarity and UPGMA clustering analyses. RAPD markers were effective in measuring genetic diversity at different systematic levels. Individuals plants within a population were approximately 55% to >80% similar to one another, populations within subspecies gave corresponding values of similarity, probably a result of the combined effects of large population sizes and wind pollination. The 2 subspecies of A. cana were approximately 45% similar. At least some 4x populations of A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana apparently derive de novo from 2x plants based on their being embedded in 2x phenogram groups, thus reinforcing evidence that autopolyploidy plays an important role in Tridentatae population biology. Two (A. tridentata ssp. tridentata x A. t. ssp. vaseyana and A. cana ssp. cana x A. tridentata ssp wyomingenesis) of the 3 putative hybrid combinations were confined to include hybrids. These hybrids may have potential in management applications. Additional use of RAPD technology combined with other techniques may be useful in delimiting genetic characteristics and in guiding artificial selection in the Tridentatae. C1 US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP McArthur, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 70 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 1 BP 12 EP 27 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YX339 UT WOS:000072030300002 ER PT B AU Hornbeck, JW Bailey, SW AF Hornbeck, JW Bailey, SW BE Haigh, MJ Krecek, J Rajwar, GS Kilmartin, MP TI Factors controlling streamwater chemistry in upland forested catchments of Northeastern United States SO HEADWATERS: WATER RESOURCES AND SOIL CONSERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Headwater Control CY APR, 1998 CL MERANO, ITALY SP Int Assoc Headwater Control, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Int Union Forest Res Org, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, European Acad, Bolzano DE atmospheric deposition; bedrock; forested catchments; geologic weathering; glaciation mineral weathering; soil parent material; streamwater chemistry AB Variations in the ionic concentrations of three basins in the glaciated terrains of New England are caused by differences in the chemical weathering of bedrock incorporated within the glacial till and derived soils. For example, tills containing homblende from the Ammonoosuc Volcanics or by carbonate rock fragments enriched streams with Ca2+. These weathering products buffer the streams against acidification. Elsewhere, where there is a relatively slow release of base cations from bedrock, concentrations of Ca2+ are severely depleted by SO42-, Al is mobilised, and low water quality is a serious concern. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hornbeck, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-780-4 PY 1998 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BK92Z UT WOS:000073875200007 ER PT B AU Slaughter, CW Hanson, CL AF Slaughter, CW Hanson, CL BE Haigh, MJ Krecek, J Rajwar, GS Kilmartin, MP TI Sustained research into hydrology of rangeland headwaters: Reynolds Creek experimental watershed, Idaho, USA SO HEADWATERS: WATER RESOURCES AND SOIL CONSERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Headwater Control CY APR, 1998 CL MERANO, ITALY SP Int Assoc Headwater Control, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Int Union Forest Res Org, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, European Acad, Bolzano DE rangeland; hydrology; snow-melt; sediment yields; floods; USA AB Sixty percent of the USA is rangeland. Since 1960, the 234 km(2) Reynolds Creek Basin, has been examined as representative of this land use. The mainly semiarid basin ranges from 1100-2250 a.m.s.l. Precipitation ranges from 230 to 1000 mm/year and vegetation from semi-arid sagebrush to forest in its headwaters. The main land use is grazing and 77% is Federally owned. Headwater snow packs are irregular in depth (0.0 -->8.0 m within 50 m), distribution and meltwater yield. The highest recorded flood, R.I. 72 year, was generated by a 3 day storm contributing 91 mm to an existing 6 mm snow-water-equivalent snowpack. Peak discharge was 109 m(3)/sec. Average sediment yields range from 1.14 -1.9 t/ha/year, 72% during the period January -March. The highest sediment discharges are associated with snowmelt or rain on snow/frozen soil causing bank erosion and channel flushing. Current research includes studies of biodiversity and validation of hydrological models. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Slaughter, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-780-4 PY 1998 BP 257 EP 261 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BK92Z UT WOS:000073875200024 ER PT J AU De Groot, RC Felton, CC AF De Groot, RC Felton, CC TI Distribution of borates around point source injections in dry wood members SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE borates; wood decay; termites; preservation ID DOUGLAS-FIR; FUSED BORATE; LUMBER; DECAY; BORON AB Sometimes, field cuts of treated wood are required. With some wood species, these cuts expose untreated wood that is subject to attack by decay fungi, unless preservatives are applied to those surfaces. The objectives of this research were to determine at time of injection and 8 weeks after injection (1) the distribution patterns of water and several preservative solutions around points of injection in several wood species and (2) the influence of glycol on the initial distribution of injected borate solutions. Solid members of northern red oak, eastern cottonwood, Southern Pine, and laminated beams of red maple or Douglas-fir were used in this investigation. The Southern Pine members were predominantly sapwood; Douglas-fir and red oak were predominantly heartwood. The other two were mill run materials. Wood moisture content at time of treatment was below the fiber saturation point. The distribution of preservative about the injection point was observed in 10 replicate units of each wood species. Results showed that the relative amount of borate that can be introduced by either pressure injection of solutions into localized depots is species dependent. We observed equivalency in loadings between pressure injection and insertion of fused borate rods for cottonwood and red maple, but a reduced loading potential for pressure-injected solutions in Douglas-fir and Southern Pine. The distribution pattern of injected borates, within 8 weeks of injection, was more influenced by wood species than by solution formulation (i.e., water or glycol), volume injected, or injection pressure. At comparable injection pressures, longitudinal penetration and injection volume were greatest in red oak, followed by cottonwood, red maple, Southern Pine, and Douglas-fir. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP De Groot, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.1.37 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA YW633 UT WOS:000071956700006 ER PT J AU Landucci, LL Ralph, SA Hammel, KE AF Landucci, LL Ralph, SA Hammel, KE TI C-13 NMR characterization of guaiacyl, guaiacyl/syringyl and syringyl dehydrogenation polymers SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE lignin; dehydrogenation polymers; DHP; guaiacyl; syringyl; C-13 NMR spectroscopy; DEFT; quantitative NMR ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; P-HYDROXYCINNAMYL ALCOHOLS; CELL-WALL LIGNIFICATION; TRANSITION-METAL SALTS; LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS; SIDE-CHAIN CARBONS; CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; SPECTRA AB Dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs) were prepared from coniferyl alcohol (CA), sinapyl alcohol (SA), and a mixture of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol. The polymers were fully acetylated and their carbon NMR spectra were compared. Comparison of the C-13 NMR spectra of the DHPs with those of authentic tri-and tetralignols facilitated the assignment of about 85 % of the 117 reported signals. Most of the unassigned signals were those from syringyl units. Major differences between the DHP prepared from CA and a pine milled wood lignin were: a relative deficiency of beta-O-4 linkages and a predominance of beta-5, beta-beta, and CA end units in the DHP. In contrast, there was no significant quantity of SA end units in a DHP prepared from SA. A major conclusion of the study confirmed that DHPs prepared from CA are relatively poor models of natural lignins isolated from gymnosperms. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 EI 1437-434X J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1998 VL 52 IS 2 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.2.160 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZG705 UT WOS:000073031100009 ER PT J AU Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH Reiner, RS Houtman, CJ Hill, CL AF Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH Reiner, RS Houtman, CJ Hill, CL TI Selective transition-metal catalysis of oxygen delignification using water-soluble salts of polyoxomeralate (POM) anions. Part I. Chemical principles and process concepts SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE transition metal; polyoxometalate; oxygen; wood pulp; kraft pulp; oxidation; bleaching; delignification; lignin ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNIN; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; HETEROPOLYANION; SUBSTRUCTURE; PEROXIDASE AB Polymeric metal-oxide anion complexes (polyoxometalates) may provide a means for using transition metals and oxygen (O-2) to selectively delignify wood or wood pulp in effluent-free (closed) mills. The development of this chemistry, and associated process concepts, evolved from the observation that certain fungi use transition metals (Cu, Fe acid Mn) to selectively transfer electrons from lignin to oxygen. Chemical, physicochemical and engineering issues pertaining to the development of aqueous transition-metal systems for selective delignification, and for mill closure, are outlined in this brief introduction to the title technology. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Weinstock, IA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1998 VL 52 IS 3 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.3.304 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZU901 UT WOS:000074247700013 ER PT J AU Weinstock, IA Hammel, KE Moen, MA Landucci, LL Ralph, S Sullivan, CE Reiner, RS AF Weinstock, IA Hammel, KE Moen, MA Landucci, LL Ralph, S Sullivan, CE Reiner, RS TI Selective transition-metal catalysis of oxygen delignification using water-soluble salts of polyoxometalate (POM) anions. Part II. Reactions of alpha-[SiVW11O40](5-) with phenolic lignin-model compounds SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE polyoxometalate; oxygen; kraft pulp; oxidation; bleaching; delignification; lignin; phenol ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; KRAFT PULP; RESIDUAL LIGNIN; OXIDATION; PEROXIDASE; SUBSTRUCTURE; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM; CLEAVAGE; LACCASE AB When heated under anaerobic conditions, aqueous solutions of the polyoxometalate anion cx[SiVW11O40](5-)(POMox,1), supplied as the salt K-5[SiVW11O40]. 12H(2)O, selectively delignify unbleached mixed-pine kraft pulps. During delignification, 1 is reduced by residual lignin to alpha-[SiVW11O40](6-)(POM(red)2):alpha-[SiVW11O40](5-)+ 1e- ---> alpha-[SiVW11O40](6-), E degrees=+0.69V vs. NHE. Model studies suggest that phenolic (hydroxylated phenyl) groups present in residual lignin are substrates for the reduction of 1. Reactions of 1 with phenolic arylglycerol beta-aryl ethers and other phenolic lignin models suggest that anaerobic POM degradation of residual lignin may occur via sequential single-electron oxidation reactions of phenolic substructures, first to cyclohexadienyl radicals and subsequently to cyclohexadienyl cations. Hydrolysis of these cationic intermediates results in alkyl-side-chain cleavage, a likely route to polymer degradation. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Pfizer Inc, Div Cent Res, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Weinstock, IA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 42 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 14 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1998 VL 52 IS 3 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.3.311 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZU901 UT WOS:000074247700014 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, H Evans, JW Verrill, SP AF Lindstrom, H Evans, JW Verrill, SP TI Influence of cambial age and growth conditions on microfibril angle in young Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE area detector; cell wall; growth conditions; microfibril angle; Norway spruce; Picea abies; silviculture; tracheids; tree class; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STRESS GENERATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; WOOD; WALLS; LIGNIFICATION; ORIENTATION; MECHANICS; TREES; CELLS AB Microfibril angle (MfA) of the tracheid cell wall of conifers influences the performance and properties of forest products. For instance a high MfA has been found detrimental for solid wood properties. Although it is assumed that there is a correlation between MfA and the growth conditions a tree experiences, there are few studies on how growth conditions influence MfA. In this study mean MfA of the cell walls was determined for 646 early wood samples, from pith and outwards, of Picea abies trees using automated double gaussian curve fitting of the 002 area generated by X-Ray diffraction and recorded using a area detector. The determinations of mean MfA were based on appr. 500-2000 tracheids per wood sample. It was indicated that a determination of mean MfA would require less than 3 minutes, if the curve fitting program is included already at the time of data acquisition. In an attempt to model the dependency of MfA on factors related to wood formation, the age effect was found most descriptive and a simple model based on 1/cambial age gave an r(2) = 0.69. Only a slightly higher correlation (r(2) = 0.73) was reached when additional variables significant at p less than or equal to 0.001 were used, although they, together with the age effect, supported the assumption that growth conditions affect MfA. The study suggests that to concentrate and minimize the volume of wood with high MfA, in an individual tree, juvenile growth suppression in combination with an extended rotation period should be used. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ind Market Studies, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lindstrom, H (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ind Market Studies, Box 7054, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM hakan.lindstrom@sims.slu.se; jwevans/fpl@fs.fed.us; steve@ws10.fpl.fs.fed.us NR 88 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 13 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1998 VL 52 IS 6 BP 573 EP 581 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.6.573 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 143QW UT WOS:000077268700003 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Knight, SS Cooper, CM AF Shields, FD Knight, SS Cooper, CM TI Rehabilitation of aquatic habitats in warmwater streams damaged by channel incision in Mississippi SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE stream restoration; fish; erosion; sediment; physical habitat ID FISH COMMUNITIES; BED DEGRADATION; RIVER; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; ATTRIBUTES; SILTATION; INTEGRITY; DISCHARGE; RECOVERY AB Channel incision has major impacts on stream corridor ecosystems, leading to reduced spatial habitat heterogeneity, greater temporal instability, less stream-floodplain interaction, and shifts in fish community structure. Most literature dealing with channel incision examines physical processes and erosion control. A study of incised warmwater stream rehabilitation was conducted to develop and demonstrate techniques that would be economically feasible for integration with more orthodox, extensively employed watershed stabilization techniques (e.g., structural bank protection, grade control structures, small reservoirs, and land treatment). One-km reaches of each of five northwest Mississippi streams with contributing drainage areas between 16 and 205 km(2) were selected for a 5-year study. During the study two reaches were modified by adding woody vegetation and stone structure to rehabilitate habitats degraded by erosion and channelization. The other three reaches provided reference data, as two of them were degraded but not rehabilitated, and the third was only lightly degraded. Rehabilitation approaches were guided by conceptual models of incised channel evolution and fish community structure in small warmwater streams. These models indicated that rehabilitation efforts should focus on aggradational reaches in the downstream portions of incising watersheds, and that ecological status could be improved by inducing formation and maintenance of stable pool habitats. Fish and physical habitat attributes were sampled from each stream during the Spring and Fall for 5 years, and thalweg and cross-section surveys were performed twice during the same period. Rehabilitation increased pool habitat availability, and made the treated sites physically more similar to the lightly degraded reference site. Fish communities generally responded as suggested by the aforementioned conceptual model of fish community structure. Species composition shifted away from small colonists (principally cyprinids and small centrarchids) toward larger centrarchids, catostomids, and ictalurids. Fish density and species richness increased at one rehabilitated site but remained stable at the other, suggesting that the sites occupied different initial states and endpoints within the conceptual model, and differed in their accessibility to sources of colonizing organisms. These experiments suggest that major gains in stream ecosystem rehabilitation can be made through relatively modest but well-designed efforts to modify degraded physical habitats. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 77 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PY 1998 VL 382 BP 63 EP 86 DI 10.1023/A:1003485021076 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 172VY UT WOS:000078947000006 ER PT J AU Okazaki, RK Snyder, MJ Grimm, CC Chang, ES AF Okazaki, RK Snyder, MJ Grimm, CC Chang, ES TI Ecdysteroids in nemerteans: further characterization and identification SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nemertean Biology CY JUL 14-19, 1995 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA DE nemertean; Paranemertes peregrina; ecdysteroid; GC-MS; RIA ID PARASITIC NEMATODE; MOLTING HORMONE; ASCARIS-SUUM AB Ecdysteroids are a class of steroidal hormones that are important in molting and reproduction in arthropods. These hormones have been recently detected in non-arthropodan groups, such as soft-bodied worms. To continue our efforts to determine the presence of ecdysteroids in nemerteans, this study further documents the identification of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), in Paranemertes peregrina, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). After C-18 Sep-Pak extraction, radioimmunoassay of the 40% and 80% methanolic fractions from an extract of 1000 worms indicated 98 and 156 ng of ecdysteroids, respectively. Ecdysteroids of these two samples, as well as the 20E and ecdysone standards, were N-trimethylsilyimidazole (TMSI)-derivatized before GC/MS analysis. The methanolic samples contained a large number of compounds but only small, insignificant peaks in the area where ecdysteroid standards eluted. However, the reconstruction ion current (RIC) chromatograms for m/z 561 indicated the presence of 20E at the correct retention time of 12.48 min in the 40% methanolic fraction. Reanalysis of the samples under selected ion monitoring mode demonstrated the presence of 20E in both the 40% and 80% fractions. These results demonstrate conclusively the presence of an active ecdysteroid in the phylum Nemertea. C1 SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. Univ Calif Bodega, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Okazaki, RK (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, SLU 736, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PY 1998 VL 365 BP 281 EP 285 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 114XX UT WOS:000075635400026 ER PT S AU Hanson, CL Johnson, GL AF Hanson, CL Johnson, GL BE Kovar, K Tappeiner, U Peters, NE Craig, RG TI GEM (Generation of weather Elements for Multiple applications): its application in areas of complex terrain SO HYDROLOGY, WATER RESOURCES AND ECOLOGY IN HEADWATERS SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT HeadWater 98 Conference CY APR 20-23, 1998 CL MERANO, ITALY SP European Acad Bozen/Bolzano, Standing Comm Headwater Control, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Comm Mt Hydrol, European Union (DG XII), UNESCO, Div Water Sci, FAO European Forestry Commiss, Int Assoc Hydraulic Res, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat ID DAILY PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; MODEL AB The weather generator model GEM (Generation of weather Elements for Multiple applications) was modified to generate mean daily dew-point temperature and wind speed with other weather elements. Analysis of weather records from three climatological sites in Idaho, USA, showed that the simulated number of wet days per month and amounts of precipitation per wet day, except for September at one site, were representative of historical values. Simulated mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures were within 2.9 degrees C, mean annual temperatures were within 0.2 degrees C and dew-point temperatures were within 1 degrees C of historical values, Simulated mean monthly solar radiation varied as much as 15% from historical values, but most were within 10%. Generated mean monthly and annual wind speeds were nearly all less than 0.5 m s(-1) different from historical values. Except for some mean monthly minimum and dew-point temperatures, the standard deviation computed from simulated monthly and annual records was less than those computed from historical records. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Hanson, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-45-7 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1998 IS 248 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BM76W UT WOS:000079717200004 ER PT B AU Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO GP IEEE TI Use of horn/lens antennas for free-space microwave permittivity measurements SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM - ANTENNAS: GATEWAYS TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE AP-S INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium on Antennas - Gateways to the Global Network CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, Int Union Radio Sci, USNC, BMW Mfg Corp, Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Clemson Univ, Electromagnet Sci, Sci Atlanta, Spartech Associates, Millimeter Wave Technol, Wang Electro Opto Corp AB Measurements of the dielectric properties of wheat at microwave frequencies were performed in free space using a pair of horn/lens antennas. Undesirable effects such as mismatches, multiple reflections and diffraction at the edges of the samples were minimized by selecting optimum conditions and the use of a focused beam. Results are shown at 24 degrees C for samples of different moisture content and hulk density. C1 ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4478-2 J9 IEEE AP-S PY 1998 BP 2006 EP 2009 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL38W UT WOS:000075349900488 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Vidal, A Troufleau, D Inoue, Y Mitchell, TA AF Moran, MS Vidal, A Troufleau, D Inoue, Y Mitchell, TA TI Ku- and C-band SAR for discriminating agricultural crop and soil conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE agriculture; airborne radar; radar applications; radar imaging/mapping; remote sensing; satellite applications; soil measurements; synthetic aperture radar; vegetation ID MICROWAVE BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENT; LEAF-AREA INDEX; RADAR BACKSCATTERING; BARE SOIL; X-BANDS; MOISTURE; SURFACE; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERS; ROUGHNESS AB A method is proposed to estimate both green leaf area index (GLAI) and soil moisture (h(v)), based on radar measurements at the Ku-band (14.85 GHz) and C-band (5.35 GHz) frequencies, The Ku-band backscatter at large incidence angles was found to be independent of soil moisture conditions and could be used alone to estimate GLAI, Then, the Ku-band estimate of GLAI could be used with a measurement of C-band backscatter in a canopy radiative transfer model to isolate the value of h,. This concept was demonstrated with a set of Ku- and C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter data acquired over agricultural fields in Arizona, The demonstration showed promise for operational application of the method, though several limitations were identified. Since both Ku- and C-band sigma(o) are sensitive to soil roughness, this approach must be applied only to fields of similar soil roughness or row direction, This limitation may be less serious for farm management applications since crop type and cultivation practices are generally well known and can be taken into consideration, Another limitation of the use of Ku- and C-band sigma(o) is the apparent saturation of the Ku-band signal with increasing GLAI, Operational implementation of this approach will require dual-frequency sensors aboard an aircraft or orbiting satellite. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Cemagref ENGREF, Remote Sensing Res Lab, Montpellier, France. NIAES, Agrobiol Measurements Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RI Vidal, Alain/A-3986-2009 NR 19 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1109/36.655335 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA YT522 UT WOS:000071615500023 ER PT B AU Doraiswamy, PC Stern, AJ Cook, PW AF Doraiswamy, PC Stern, AJ Cook, PW BE Stein, TI TI Classification techniques for mapping biophysical parameters in the US Southern Great Plains SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB This research was part of a 1997 NASA-USDA collaborative research study for regional mapping of soil moisture in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. The study was conducted during a transition from winter to summer crops in June and July. Classification techniques were developed using Landsat TM data to separate the transitional vegetation from the natural vegetation. Areal photography and associated ground truth data for selected areas were used in developing the spectral signatures for each vegetation class. Classification of the entire region used these signatures. This research suggests techniques to be used in mapping vegetation classes in a very mixed land use area and suggests ways of using multi temporal satellite imagery for separating vegetation classes and minimizing cloud cover problems. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Doraiswamy, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 007,Room 008, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 862 EP 866 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.699608 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100280 ER PT B AU Lefsky, MA Cohen, WB Acker, SA Spies, TA Parker, GG Harding, D AF Lefsky, MA Cohen, WB Acker, SA Spies, TA Parker, GG Harding, D BE Stein, TI TI Lidar remote sensing of forest canopy structure and related biophysical parameters at H.J. Andrews Experimental forest, Oregon, USA SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB Scanning lidar remote sensing systems have recently become generally available for use in ecological applications. Unlike microwave and conventional optical sensors, lidar sensors directly measure the distribution of vegetation material along a vertical axis and can be used to provide three-dimensional characterizations of vegetation structure. Ecological applications of scanning lidar have previously used uni-dimensional indices of canopy height. A new, three-dimensional, approach to interpreting lidar waveforms was developed to characterize the total volume of both vegetation and empty space within the forest canopy, and their spatial organization. These aspects of the physical structure of canopies have been infrequently measured, either from field or remote methods. Applying this approach to 21 plots with coincident lidar measurements and field surveys, we were able to predict both biomass and leaf area index from the volumes of four classes of canopy structure. These predictions were non-asymptotic over a wide range, up to 1200 Mg ha(-1) of biomass and an LAI of 12, with 90 % and 88 % of variance explained, respectively. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lefsky, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012; OI Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 1252 EP 1254 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.691367 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100406 ER PT B AU Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY Armand, N Kutuza, B Shutko, A Tishchenko, Y Petrenko, B Evtushenko, A Smirnov, M Savorskij, V Sorokin, I Nikolaev, A Sidorenko, A AF Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY Armand, N Kutuza, B Shutko, A Tishchenko, Y Petrenko, B Evtushenko, A Smirnov, M Savorskij, V Sorokin, I Nikolaev, A Sidorenko, A BE Stein, TI TI Priroda passive microwave observations in the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 USDA, ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydrol Lab, 104 Bldg 007 BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Kutuza, Boris/P-1864-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 1568 EP 1570 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.691608 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100507 ER PT J AU Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH AF Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH TI In vitro and in vivo host range of Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Anticarsia gemmatalis; velvetbean caterpillar; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; host range; Lepidoptera; Coleoptera; insect cell lines; in vivo; in vitro ID CELL-LINES; DNA; CATERPILLAR AB A clone of the wild type (wt) Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus AgMNPV, derived from a geographical isolate (Hondrina, Brazil) and designated AgMNPV-CL4-3A1, was used to determine the host range of this virus in six established lepidopteran cell lines: Anticarsia gemmatalis (BCIRL-AG-AM1), Helicoverpa tea (BCIRL-HZ-AM1), Heliothis virescens (BCIRL-HV-AM1), Helicoverpa armigera (BCIRL-HA-AM1), Trichoplusia ni (TN-CL1), Bombyx mori (BMN), and a coleopteran cell line Anthonomus grandis (BRL-AG-1). In addition, the in vivo host range of this clone was also assayed in larvae of Helicoverpa tea, Heliothis virescens, Trichoplusia ni, and the homologous species Anticarsia gemmatalis by probit analysis. On the basis of temporal studies of TCID50 values, BCIRL-HV-AM1 cells gave the highest extracellular virus (ECV) titer (9.7 x 10(6) TCID50/ml) followed by BCIRL-HA-AM1 cells (8.3 x 10(5) TCID50/ml) and BCIRL-AG-AM1 cells (3.2 x 10(5) TCID50/ml). In addition, a low ECV titer of 1.37 x 10(3) TCID50/ml was detected from TN-CL1 cells 96 h postinoculation, while BRL-AG-1, BMN, and BCIRL-HZ-AM1 cells were nonpermissive to AgMNPV CL4-3A1 on the basis of TCID50 results. AgMNPV-CL4-3A1 and the wild type AgMNPV had similar restriction profiles that were different from wild type AcMNPV. The LC50 values were 96.9, 564.6, 733.3, and 1.1 x 10(4) occlusion bodies/cm(2) of diet for A. gemmatalis, Helicoverpa tea, Heliothis virescens, and I: ni, respectively. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Grasela, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, 1503 S Providence Dr,Res Pk, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA YV971 UT WOS:000071882800018 PM 9542640 ER PT J AU Triplett, BA AF Triplett, BA TI Stage-specific inhibition of cotton fiber development by adding alpha-amanitin to ovule cultures SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE alpha-amanitin; cell elongation; cellulose; cell wall; cotton fiber; ovule culture ID WHEAT EMBRYOS; RNA-SYNTHESIS; CELL-WALL; GERMINATION; PROTEIN AB When cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, DPL 90ne) ovules are removed from the carpel on the day of anthesis and placed on an appropriate medium, fiber cells will differentiate in, vitro from the ovule epidermis. Alpha-amanitin, an inhibitor of poly (A)(+) RNA synthesis was added to ovule cultures at selected times after culture initiation to determine the timing of events in fiber development. Replicate cultures were initiated from day of anthesis, cotton ovules with alpha-amanitin being added to media at final concentrations ranging from 0.05 mu g/ml to 5.0 mu g/ml. After 21 d in culture, ovules were evaluated for fiber length, percentage of ovules producing fiber, fiber dry weight, and fiber cellulose content Cultures treated with a-amanitin on the day of anthesis to 2 d postanthesis were prevented from forming normal numbers of fiber cells. Addition of alpha- amanitin to cultures between 2 and 10 d postanthesis reduced the length that fiber cells attained in culture after 21 d. Addition of alpha-amanitin to cultures at 4 d postanthesis had as much an effect on the accumulation of cellulose in the fiber cell wall as the later addition of the inhibitor at 8 to 10 d postanthesis. The inhibitory effect of alpha-amanitin on fiber growth was reversible when ovules were transferred to amanitin-free medium within 2 d after culture initiation. Ovules placed on media containing alpha-amanitin for 5 d or longer could not overcome the inhibitory effects when transferred to media lacking the inhibitor. These results indicate critical time periods when RNA transcripts important for specific phases of development are being synthesized. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Triplett, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA ZD471 UT WOS:000072689300005 ER PT J AU Chanprame, S Kuo, TM Widholm, JM AF Chanprame, S Kuo, TM Widholm, JM TI Soluble carbohydrate content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] somatic and zygotic embryos during development SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE oil; protein; soluble carbohydrate; somatic embryo; soybean; zygotic embryos ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; FATTY-ACID; SEEDS; PROTEIN; ACCUMULATION; MATURATION; COMPONENTS; ALFALFA; SUCROSE; OIL AB Somatic and zygotic embryos of soybean cv. Jack were analyzed for soluble carbohydrate, total lipids, and protein during development. Zygotic embryos accumulated trace amounts of fructose, galactose, and galactinol, whereas somatic embryos contained only trace amounts of galactose. Somatic embryos accumulated much higher glucose levels than zygotic embryos. Both somatic and zygotic embryos contain low levels of sucrose, myoinositol, and pinitol. Raffinose and stachyose accumulated in the late developmental stages of zygotic embryos, but only stachyose was found to accumulate in the late stage somatic embryos. Zygotic embryos contained low total lipid levels up to 50 d after flowering (DAF) and then the levels increased to 16% by 55 DAF and 21% at 65 DAF. Somatic embryos had low levels of total lipids throughout development with the maximum of only 4.7%. Soybean zygotic embryos contained about 40% protein throughout development, while the protein concentration of somatic embryos decreased from 44% to 25% as maturation approached. These studies demonstrate that the composition of Jack zygotic embryos is similar to that described for other cultivars during development while the somatic embryo composition and size is markedly different. The low somatic embryo germination often noted might be due to the abnormal development as shown by a composition different from that of mature zygotic embryos. The low concentration of the raffinose series sugars might be especially important factors. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Edward R Madigan Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Widholm, JM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Edward R Madigan Lab, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA ZD471 UT WOS:000072689300011 ER PT S AU Daigle, DJ Decuir, TJ Robertson, JB Darensbourg, DJ AF Daigle, DJ Decuir, TJ Robertson, JB Darensbourg, DJ BE Darensbourg, MY TI 1,3,5-TRIAZA-7-PHOSPHATRICYCLO[3.3.1.1(3,7)]DECANE AND DERIVATIVES SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 32 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Southern Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP USDA ARS, Southern Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Darensbourg, Donald/0000-0001-9285-4895 NR 8 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 0-471-24921-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 1998 VL 32 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1002/9780470132630.ch6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BL16P UT WOS:000074527300011 ER PT S AU LeDoux, CB Gopalakrishnan, B Pabba, RS AF LeDoux, CB Gopalakrishnan, B Pabba, RS BE Gopalakrishnan, B Murugesan, S TI THINEX - An expert system for estimating forest harvesting productivity and cost SO INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS IN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing CY NOV 02-04, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn AB As the emphasis of forest stand management shifts towards implementing ecosystem management, managers are examining alternative methods to harvesting stands in order to accomplish multiple objectives by using techniques such as shelterwood harvests, thinnings, and group selection methods, thus leaving more residual trees to improve the visual quality of the harvested land. Contemporary harvesting practices require the creative use of existing cable and ground-based technology. Silvicultural operations such as group selection methods, shelterwood harvests, partial cuts and thinnings require substantial planning in order to realize a profitable logging endeavor. THIN-PC is a personal computer based version of the original THIN developed by Chris B. LeDoux and David A. Butler in 1981. THIN and THIN-PC are computer simulation models, which evaluate the single- stage pre-bunch and swing methods of cable yarding. THINEX, the expert system developed as a result of this research, uses the results from THIN-PC and allows planners, managers, loggers to evaluate, plan, and execute profitable harvesting practices and permit effective sensitivity analysis by linking the terrain data with the production system information Using THINEX, the user will be able to analyze several kinds of scenarios pertaining to a stand of trees and their harvesting resulting in the acquisition of production rate and cost values. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP LeDoux, CB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2978-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3517 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1117/12.326931 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BL92W UT WOS:000077172500027 ER PT S AU Cooper, CM Knight, SS Testa, S AF Cooper, CM Knight, SS Testa, S BE Williams, WD Sladeckova, A TI A constructed wetland system for treating agricultural waste SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 26, PT 3 SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1995 CL SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol C1 ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cooper, CM (reprint author), ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54047-6 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 1998 VL 26 BP 1321 EP 1327 PN 3 PG 7 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BL26L UT WOS:000074937000092 ER PT B AU Hse, CY AF Hse, CY BE Christiansen, AW Pilato, LA TI Overview of the wood adhesives industry in China SO INTERNATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO WOOD ADHESION RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Forest-Products-Society CY JUN 21-24, 1998 CL MERIDA, MEXICO SP Forest Prod Soc, Gluing Tech Interest Grp ID WATTLE TANNIN ADHESIVES; EXTERIOR GRADE PLYWOOD AB Adhesives products and demand for them in China are discussed in this paper with special emphasis on wood adhesives products in this decade. In 1994, the wood industries in China consumed more than 330,000 tons of adhesives. The estimated demand for wood adhesives will be more than 560,000 tons in the year 2000. The main wood adhesive used is urea-formaldehyde resin. Its consumption in 1994 was approximately 90 percent of the total wood adhesives market. The production capacity of formaldehyde will continue to be the main factor affecting the growth of the wood adhesives industry. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Hse, CY (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-892529-04-1 PY 1998 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQ11Z UT WOS:000087233000004 ER PT B AU Conner, AH AF Conner, AH BE Christiansen, AW Pilato, LA TI Predicting the reactivity of adhesive starting materials SO INTERNATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO WOOD ADHESION RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Forest-Products-Society CY JUN 21-24, 1998 CL MERIDA, MEXICO SP Forest Prod Soc, Gluing Tech Interest Grp ID PHENOLIC RESINS; ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; CATALYST TYPE; FORMALDEHYDE; CHARGES; MECHANISMS; MOLECULES; KINETICS AB Phenolic compounds are important in the production of bonded-wood products. Phenolic compounds in addition to phenol and resorcinol are potential alternative feedstocks for producing adhesives. The reactivity of a wide variety of phenolic compounds with formaldehyde was investigated using semi-empirical and ab initio computational chemistry methods. Results of these calculations were compared with experimental data. The results indicate that ab initio computational chemistry methods coupled with newer methods for calculating atomic charges can be used to explain the relative reactivities of phenolic compounds with formaldehyde. These methods allow the separation of experimental rate constants into contributions that: can be associated with each reactive center in proportion to the atomic charge at that reactive center. The methods not only correlate the reactivity of previously studied compounds but appear capable of predicting the reactivity of other compounds as well. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Conner, AH (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-892529-04-1 PY 1998 BP 108 EP 114 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQ11Z UT WOS:000087233000012 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Gasbarre, L Pasquali, P Canals, A Almeria, S Zarlenga, D AF Fayer, R Gasbarre, L Pasquali, P Canals, A Almeria, S Zarlenga, D TI Cryptosporidium parvum infection in bovine neonates: dynamic clinical, parasitic and immunologic patterns SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Protozoology CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL UNIV SYDNEY, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Albury City Council, Australian Tourist Commiss, Baxter Perpetual Charitable Trust, British Council, Cellabs, Charles Sturt Univ, Cooperat Res Ctr Aquaculture, Cooperat Res Ctr Freshwater Ecol, CSIRO, Div Fisheries, Elsevier Sci, Environm Protect Author, Hoechst Australia Ltd, Inst Engineers Australia, Int Union Biol Sci, Leica Instruments Pty Ltd, Macquarie Bank Ltd, NRMA, Ohayama Hlth Fdn Inc, Olympus Australia Pty Ltd, Soc Protozoologists, Univ Sydney, Zeiss HO UNIV SYDNEY DE Cryptosporidium parvum; cryptosporidiosis; bovine; cattle; prevalence; diarrhoea; immunity; cytokine ID GAMMA-INTERFERON; ARABIAN FOALS; CALVES; MICE; CATTLE; OOCYSTS; CELLS; CALF; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; ANTIBODIES AB Twenty-six experimentally infected calves were monitored daily for oocyst excretion. All began excreting oocysts 3-6 days p.i. Most calves (n = 23) excreted oocysts for 6-9 days, with a daily range from 4 x 10(2) to 4.15 x 10(7) oocysts g(-1) of faeces. Over half the calves excreted peak numbers of oocysts 6-8 days p.i. Diarrhoea, observed intermittently beginning as early as day 3 p.i., lasted 4-16 days and varied greatly in severity from calf to calf. In a second study, nine of 18 calves were orally inoculated with 5 x 10(6) oocysts between birth and 2 days of age and nine remained uninfected. Monoclonal antibodies for cell surface markers indicated substantial increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the intraepithelial lymphocyte population of the ilea of infected calves at 7-9 days of age. RT-PCR demonstrated increases in mRNA for interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma that correlated with increases in both CD4+ and CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocyte cells. Increased mRNA for interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma from lamina propria lymphocytes correlated with increased numbers of CD8 + cells. No changes were found in interleukin-2, interleukin-4 or interleukin-10 mRNA levels. However, interleukin-15 mRNA, possibly from epithelial cells contaminating intraepithelial lymphocytes, was decreased in infected calves and had a negative correlation with increases in CD4+ and CD8+ cells. No differences were detected in mRNA levels for cytokines from lymph node lymphocytes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the Australian Society for Parasitology. C1 USDA, ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Perugia, Fac Med Vet, Ist Parassitol, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@ggpl.arsusda.gov RI Pasquali, Paolo/C-1111-2008; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014 OI Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488 NR 53 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00170-7 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YX088 UT WOS:000072005200006 PM 9504334 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Caperna, TJ Campbell, RG Steele, NC AF Rosebrough, RW Caperna, TJ Campbell, RG Steele, NC TI Porcine somatotropin, dietary protein and energy effects on arginase and transaminase activities in pigs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pigs; diet protein; enzymes ID GROWTH-HORMONE; GROWING-PIGS; YOUNG-PIGS; BODY-COMPOSITION; METABOLISM; PERFORMANCE; ORNITHINE; NITROGEN; CITRULLINE; PITUITARY AB Two experiments were conducted with cross-bred barrows to determine the effect of somatotropin administration on liver enzyme activities. lpl the first experiment, pigs growing from 26 to 55 kg body weight were given two doses of pituitary porcine somatotropin (pST; 0 and 100 mu g per kg body weight) and three levels of dietary energy (60, 80 and 100% of free choice intake). In the second experiment, pigs growing from 30 to 60 kg body weight were given two doses of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST; 0 and 100 mu g per kg body weight) and five levels of dietary crude protein (110, 150, 190, 230 and 270 g crude protein/kg diet). Liver arginase (ARG, EC 3.5.3.1) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, EC 2.6.1.1) activities were then determined in organ samples taken at slaughter rime. Dietary energy did not change liver ARG. Activities of both ARG and AAT increased as dietary crude protein increased. Both pST and rpST decreased ARG, AAT and serum utrea nitrogen. There was a lack of interaction between rpST therapy and dietary protein on either ARG or AAT activities, suggesting that set nutritional stares are not required for expression of pST effects. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Bunge Meats Ltd, Corowa, NSW 2646, Australia. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PY 1998 VL 68 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YW761 UT WOS:000071970900009 PM 9503051 ER PT J AU Fox, JB Thayer, DW AF Fox, JB Thayer, DW TI Radical oxidation of riboflavin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE riboflavin; light catalysis; gamma irradiation; oxidation AB Riboflavin, burniflavin and lumichrome were produced by light catalysis and gamma irradiation. Their formation under various conditions was determined, and a number of intermediates identified. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were determined for the compounds and compared with the absorbency spectra. While lumiflavin predominated in alkali and lumichrome in neutral solutions in the light-catalyzed reaction, all products were produced to some extent under all conditions. Gamma radiation resulted only in the formation of lumichrome, with no observable intermediates. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fox, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PY 1998 VL 68 IS 3 BP 174 EP 180 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZT856 UT WOS:000074135000002 PM 9637948 ER PT J AU Russell, RM AF Russell, RM TI Physiological and clinical significance of carotenoids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Vitamin A and Carotenoid Research in the Netherlands CY APR 23-24, 1998 CL MIJDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SP Roche Nederland BV, Mijdrecht, Prod Board Margarine Fats & Oils, Rijswijk, Stichting Zuivel Voeding Gezondheid, Maarssen, BASF Nederland BV, Arnhem, Unilever Res Lab, Vlaardingen, Quest Int Nederland BV, Bussum DE beta-carotene; carotenoids; cancer; macular degeneration; coronary artery disease; intervention trials ID BETA-CAROTENE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VITAMIN-A; CANCER; SUPPLEMENTATION; RISK; MONKEY; HUMANS; CELLS; BLOOD C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Russell, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PY 1998 VL 68 IS 6 BP 349 EP 353 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 144UL UT WOS:000077333500002 PM 9857260 ER PT J AU Tomita, B Hse, CY AF Tomita, B Hse, CY TI Phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) co-condensed wood adhesives SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE urea; phenol; formaldehyde; co-condensation; resol; methylolphenols; structure; curing; thermal property; adhesive strength; plywood ID COCONDENSED RESINS; AMINO RESINS; RESOL; MONOMETHYLOLPHENOL; METHYLOLPHENOLS; KINETICS AB The reaction of urea with methylolphenol under acidic conditions was investigated. The alternating copolymer of urea and phenol could be synthesized by the reaction of urea and 2,4,6-trimethylolphenol. The reactions of urea with polymethylolphenol mixtures also were investigated by changing the reaction conditions, such as the molar ratio and acidity. The co-condensates were analysed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the ratios of co-condensation. Another synthetic method to obtain co-condensed resins was developed by reacting phenol with UF concentrate, which is a type of urea-formaldehyde resin prepared with a high molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea (F/U) such as greater than 2.5. Further, it was found that resol-type co-condensed resins can be synthesized by alkaline treatment of the co-condensed resins that were once prepared under acidic conditions. The curing process and thermal properties of resol-type co-condensed resins were investigated by torsional braid analysis. The co-condensed resins displayed almost the same curing behavior and heat resistance as a commercial resol. Their adhesive performance against plywood was evaluated by conducting a cyclic 4 h boil test and a 72 h boil test. The plywood test results passed the requirements for JAS special-grade structural plywood. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Agr & Forest Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Forest Expt Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Tomita, B (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Agr & Forest Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. NR 11 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 2 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0143-7496(97)00047-X PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA ZY616 UT WOS:000074641500002 ER PT J AU Mahlberg, R Niemi, HEM Denes, F Rowell, RM AF Mahlberg, R Niemi, HEM Denes, F Rowell, RM TI Effect of oxygen and hexamethyldisiloxane plasma on morphology, wettability and adhesion properties of polypropylene and lignocellulosics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE contact angle; atomic force microscopy; polypropylene; lignocellulosics; plasma treatment ID TREATED POLYPROPYLENE; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; COMPOSITES; FILMS; WOOD; AFM AB In this work, the effect of oxygen plasma on the surface characteristics of polypropylene (PP) and birch was investigated. In addition, studies on the effects of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) plasma on the surface characteristics of lignocellulosics and on the adhesion properties of PP to the HMDSO-treated wood surface were carried out. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements were used to study the changes in the topography and surface free energy of the materials due to plasma treatments. AFM revealed distinct changes in the topography of PP due to oxygen plasma. Nodular structure is formed on the PP surface during the treatment and the size of the nodules increases with the treatment time. The extent of the topographical changes was nearly equal in the case of the two power levels studied. A clear increase in the surface free energy of PP and wood due to oxygen plasma was recorded. AFM studies on filter paper, kraft pulp and birch surfaces treated with HMDSO plasma showed that the plasma polymer follows the features of the substrate without forming, an actual film on the surface at the treatment levels used. The substrate surfaces became highly hydrophobic when exposed for 5 min or longer to the plasma. No improvement in the adhesion of PP film to wood was achieved by pre-treating the substrate with HMDSO plasma polymer. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 VTT Bldg Technol, Wood Technol, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Wisconsin, Engn Res Ctr Plasma Aided Mfg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Mahlberg, R (reprint author), VTT Bldg Technol, Wood Technol, POB 1806, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. NR 28 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0143-7496(98)00007-4 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 121GC UT WOS:000076004100008 ER PT J AU King, AJ Kehayias, JJ Roubenoff, R Schmid, CH Pereira, BJG AF King, AJ Kehayias, JJ Roubenoff, R Schmid, CH Pereira, BJG TI Cytokine production and nutritional status in hemodialysis patients SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL ORGANS LA English DT Article DE interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; total body potassium; anthropometry lipids; malnutrition ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SERUM-ALBUMIN; AMINO-ACIDS; RISK; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; MALNUTRITION; PREDICTORS; MORTALITY; MEMBRANES AB Malnutrition is an important predictor of mortality in patients on chronic hemodialysis, however the pathogenesis of wasting in this population remains unclear. Experimental data suggest that the dialysis procedure per se leads to enhanced catabolism, as well as direct loss of plasma amino acids and proteins into the dialysate. In the present study the primary hypothesis examined is that hemodialysis-induced cytokine production is associated with reductions in lean body mass and other plasma markers of nutrition. We used the production of interleukin-l receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as an indicator of cytokine production. PBMC were obtained pre-dialysis on the first and second sessions of the week in a cohort of 16 patients on chronic hemodialysis using reprocessed cellulose dialyzers who fulfilled rigorous entry criteria designed to eliminate known etiologies of increased cytokine production e.g. chronic infections. PBMCs were either immediately frozen (cell content) or incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C in the presence or absence of endotoxin 10 ng/ml and total IL-1Ra was measured by radioimmunoassay. Nutritional staus was assessed using body mass index (BMI), total body potassium (TBK), anthropometry-derived arm muscle area (AMA), and measurements of plasma albumin, transferrin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Over the subsequent 3 months, patients were monitored carefully for pyrogen reactions hemodynamic stability and intra-interdialytic symptoms. There was a direct correlation of cell content of IL-1Ra with several indices of nutritional status including BMI (r = 0.90, p = 0.0001), AMA (r = 0.77, p = 0.0008), serum total cholesterol (r = 0.57, p = 0.03) and serum triglycerides (r = 0.73, p = 0.002). Endotoxin-stimulated IL-1Ra production correlated directly with AMA (r = 0.59, p = 0.02), TBK (r = 0.71, p= 0.01) and serum triglycerides (r = 0.51, p = 0.05). These studies suggest a direct correlation between nutrition and cytokine production, and that malnutrition could depress cytokine production and potentially contribute to reduced immune responsiveness in patients on chronic hemodialysis. C1 New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Div Clin Care Med, Boston, MA USA. RP King, AJ (reprint author), New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Box 390,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 45609] NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 0391-3988 J9 INT J ARTIF ORGANS JI Int. J. Artif. Organs PD JAN PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Engineering; Transplantation GA ZE693 UT WOS:000072820800002 PM 9554819 ER PT J AU Motil, KJ AF Motil, KJ TI Sensitive measures of nutritional status in children in hospital and in the field SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nutritional Morbidity in Children with Cancer: Mechanisms, Measures & Management CY NOV 13-15, 1997 CL PUEBLA, MEXICO SP Int Union Against Canc ID PROTEIN-CALORIE MALNUTRITION; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY-MASS INDEX; MALIGNANCIES; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; PREALBUMIN; CANCER; YOUNG AB Protein-energy malnutrition and obesity are the most common nutritional disorders that complicate the clinical course of children with neoplastic diseases. Sensitive measures of nutritional status should be used to detect these problems in children with cancer. Height and weight measurements are the mainstay of the nutritional assessment of the child. These measurements can be converted to growth velocities or to height-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores or percent of expected values to provide a measure of the degree of under- or over-nutrition in the child, Skinfold thickness and circumference measurements of the arms, legs and/or trunk may be useful to characterize the changes in peripheral fat depots and muscle mass, respectively. However, the assessments of body composition using these measurements are subject to methodological error because selected skinfold sites are excluded, Whole-body potassium, measured by (40)K counting, and total body water, measured by deuterium or (18)O dilution, serve as "gold standards" to determine the lean body mass and body fat status of the child, but these techniques may not be practical in all settings. The assessment of the nutritional status of the child serves as a guide to early nutritional intervention. Indicators for early nutritional intervention include: (I) height-for-age and weight-for-height or -age Z-scores more than 2 SD below the mean for age, (2) height-for-age measurements less than 95% of expected, (3) weight-for-height measurements less than 90% or greater than 120% of expected and (4) height velocities less than 5 cm/year after 2 years of age. Early nutritional intervention is essential to restore normal body composition, reverse linear growth arrest, promote tolerance to chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens and improve the quality of life in children with cancer. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Motil, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PY 1998 VL 78 SU 11 BP 2 EP 9 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 154MP UT WOS:000077893100003 ER PT J AU Berglof, T Koskinen, WC Kylin, H AF Berglof, T Koskinen, WC Kylin, H TI Supercritical fluid extraction of metsulfuron methyl, sulfometuron methyl, and nicosulfuron from soils SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL FREE UNIV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Int Assoc Environm Anal Chem, Dutch Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm HO FREE UNIV DE SFE; sulfonylurea herbicides; metsulfuron methyl; sulfometuron methyl; nicosulfuron; soils ID SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; METABOLITES; EFFICIENCY; ANALYTES; MATRICES; WATER AB Sulfonylurea herbicides are usually extracted from soils with batch liquid techniques. The objective of this study was to develop a general supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) procedure for sulfonylurea herbicides in soils. The procedure was optimized for metsulfuron methyl, and the parameters investigated included: SF-CO2 density, extraction time, and methanol modifier addition. Quantitative extraction could only be performed at high densities (i.e., 0.9 g ml(-1)) and with 2% (w/w) modifier addition. C-14-labeled metsulfuron methyl, sulfometuron methyl, and nicosulfuron were extracted from sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam soils spiked at two levels (0.4 and 4 mu g g(-1)) of herbicide. Under the conditions used, good recoveries of metsulfuron methyl and sulfometuron methyl (75-89%) were obtained. However, nicosulfuron was difficult to extract (1-4%). The results show that an optimized method cannot always be directly applied to similar compounds without further method development. C1 ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Environm Assessment, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, USDA, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Rm 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Kylin, Henrik/F-9819-2011 OI Kylin, Henrik/0000-0002-5972-1852 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1080/03067319808032603 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147RE UT WOS:000077579200005 ER PT J AU Morgan, R Ozias-Akins, P Hanna, WW AF Morgan, R Ozias-Akins, P Hanna, WW TI Seed set in an apomictic BC3 pearl millet SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MARKERS; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; APOMIXIS; PENNISETUM; HYBRIDS; REPRODUCTION; MAIZE; MODE; FERTILIZATION AB The aposporous apomictic mode of reproduction has been transferred from Pennisetum squamulatum into pearl miller (Pennisetum glaucum) through a trispecific double-cross hybrid that was subsequently backcrossed (BC) to tetraploid (4x) pearl millet. A partially male-fertile, obligately apomictic plant, 169-46, was selected in the BC, generation. A negative feature of 169-46 is the low seed set on open-or cross-pollinated inflorescences. Histological analysis of 169-46 ovaries revealed that endosperm cells degenerated 4 d after pollination in up to 80% of the ovaries. Counts of central-cell nuclei in mature embryo sacs showed that, despite the general observations of a single central-cell nucleus in apomictic species such as P. squamulatum, 169-46 ovaries produced embryo sacs with two central-cell nuclei about 80% of the time. The central-cell nuclei of 169-46 are unreduced (ca. 4x each) and when fused and fertilized by a sperm from 4x pearl miller (n=2x) produced an endosperm with a 4 : 1 maternal (m) to paternal (p) genome ratio. Since the maternal and paternal genotypes are from a similar genetic background (the 169-46 genotype is composed of greater than 90% 4x pearl miller), the maternal:paternal ploidy ratio in the endosperm should equal the maternal: paternal endosperm balance ratio. This 4m:1p endosperm imbalance is believed to be the primary cause of seed set failure in 169-46. Selection of apomictic genotypes with a 4x central cell may prevent this imbalance and increase seed set. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Hanna, WW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 159 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1086/297524 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZD459 UT WOS:000072688100010 ER PT J AU Wang, H Byrd, DW Howard, JL McArthur, ED Graham, JH Freeman, DC AF Wang, H Byrd, DW Howard, JL McArthur, ED Graham, JH Freeman, DC TI Narrow hybrid zone between two subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata : Asteraceae). V. Soil properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; PREDICTIONS; SELECTION; IRIS AB We studied soils of the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) hybrid zone at two locations in Utah. The elemental composition, depth, and pH of soil in the basin and mountain big sagebrush habitats differed significantly from each other and from the hybrid zone soil. The hybrid zone soil is not just a simple blend of the two parental habitat soils. Rather, it possesses novel characteristics found in neither parental habitat and is more variable than the parental habitat soils. Correspondence analyses show that the sites occupied by each parental taxon are chemically distinct. Moreover, the principal axes from the two study locations are highly correlated with each other, indicating consistent edaphic differences across both hybrid zones. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. RP Freeman, DC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM hwang@immag.mcg.edu RI Wang, Han/A-9774-2008; OI Wang, Han/0000-0003-2420-3147; Graham, John/0000-0003-1974-132X NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 159 IS 1 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1086/297531 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZD459 UT WOS:000072688100017 ER PT J AU Burson, BL Hussey, MA AF Burson, BL Hussey, MA TI Cytology of Paspalum malacophyllum and its relationship to P-juergensii and P-dilatatum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB This study describes the meiotic chromosome pairing behavior and method of reproduction of 16 Paspalum malacophyllum accessions and their F-1 hybrids with diploid P. juergensii (2n=2x=20) and tetraploid P. dilatatum (2n=4x=40). All P. malacophyllum accessions were tetraploids with 40 chromosomes. Their mean meiotic chromosome pairing was 0.82 I + 13.40 II + 0.02 III + 1.58 IV. As many as seven quadrivalents were observed, implying autotetraploidy. An examination of megasporogenesis and the subsequent gametophyte development revealed that all accessions were facultative apomicts with the form being apospory. All P. juergensii X P. malacophyllum hybrids were triploids with 30 chromosomes that associated primarily as 10 I + 10 II. The P. dilatatum X P. malacophyllum hybrids had 40 chromosomes that associated essentially as 20 I + 10 II. The 10 bivalents in both groups of hybrids represent autosyndetic pairing of the P. malacophyllum chromosomes, thus supporting autotetraploidy. The 10 univalents in the P. juergensii X P. malacophyllum hybrids are members of the J genome from P. juergensii (JJ), and the 20 univalents in the P. malacophyllum X P. dilatatum hybrids are members of the I and J genomes from P. dilatatum (IIJJ). Because P. malacophyllum does not possess the I or J genomes and its chromosomes pair autosyndetically, it was assigned the genome formula MMMM. Cytologically, both groups of F-1 hybrids reproduced as facultative aposporous apomicts. In ovules with only sexual development, the female gametophyte frequently deteriorated prior to maturity. Several F-2 progeny were recovered from both groups of F-1 hybrids and had the same chromosome number as their meiotically unstable parental F-1 hybrids. These F-2 plants are the products of apomictic reproduction, demonstrating that apomixis is effective in perpetuating highly sterile, meiotically irregular interspecies hybrids. C1 Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Burson, BL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 159 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1086/297533 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZD459 UT WOS:000072688100019 ER PT J AU Williamson, DL Whitcomb, RF Tully, JG Gasparich, GE Rose, DL Carle, P Bove, JM Hackett, KJ Adams, JR Henegar, RB Konai, M Chastel, C French, FE AF Williamson, DL Whitcomb, RF Tully, JG Gasparich, GE Rose, DL Carle, P Bove, JM Hackett, KJ Adams, JR Henegar, RB Konai, M Chastel, C French, FE TI Revised group classification of the genus Spiroplasma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spiroplasma; Mollicutes ID WASP MONOBIA-QUADRIDENS; SP-NOV; CLASS MOLLICUTES; SEROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; GROUP-I; TAXONOMY; DEFORMATION; SUBGROUPS; CLUSTER AB Significant changes have been made in the systematics of the genus Spiroplasma (class Mollicutes) since it was expanded by revision in 1987 to include 23 groups and eight sub-groups. Since that time, two additional spiroplasmas have been assigned group numbers and species names. More recently, specific epithets have been assigned to nine previously designated groups and three sub-groups. Also, taxonomic descriptions and species names have been published for six previously ungrouped spiroplasmas. These six new organisms are: Spiroplasma alleghenense (strain PLHS-1(T)) (group XXVI), Spiroplasma lineolae (strain TALS-2(T) (group XXVII), Spiroplasma platyhelix (strain PALS-1(T)) (group XXVIII), Spiroplasma montanense (strain HYOS-1(T) (group XXXI). Spiroplasma helicoides (strain TABS-2(T) (group XXXII) and Spiroplasma tabanidicola (strain TAUS-1(T)) (group XXXIII). Also, group XVII, which became vacant when strain DF-1(T) (Spiroplasma chrysopicola) was transferred to group VIII, has been filled with strain Tab 4c. The discovery of Laboratory, US these strains reflects continuing primary search in insect reservoirs, Department of particularly horse flies and deer flies (Diptera :Tabanidae). In the current revision, new group designations for 10 spiroplasma strains, including six recently named organisms, are proposed. Three unnamed but newly grouped spiroplasmas are strain TIUS-1 (group XXIX; ATCC 51751) from a typhiid wasp (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae), strain BIUS-1 (group XXX; ATCC 51750) from floral surfaces of the tickseed sunflower (Bidens sp.) and strain BARC 1901 (group XXXIV; ATCC 700283). Strain BARC 2649 (ATCC 700284) from Tabanus lineola has been proposed as a new sub-group of group VIII. Strains TIUS-1 and BIUS-1 have unusual morphologies, appearing as helices at only certain stages in culture. In this revision, potentially important intergroup serological relationships observed between strain DW-1 (group II) from a neotropical Drosophila species and certain sub-group representatives of group I spiroplasmas are also reported. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIAID, Frederick Canc Res Facil, Mol Microbiol Lab, Mycoplasma Sect, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INRA, Biol Cellulaire & Mol Lab, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Sante Publ, F-29285 Brest, France. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Williamson, DL (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM dwmson@mail.som.sunysb.edu NR 71 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 BP 1 EP 12 PN 1 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZD676 UT WOS:000072711200001 PM 9542070 ER PT J AU van Berkum, P Beyene, D Bao, GP Campbell, TA Eardly, BD AF van Berkum, P Beyene, D Bao, GP Campbell, TA Eardly, BD TI Rhizobium mongolense sp. nov. is one of three rhizobial genotypes identified which nodulate and form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Medicago ruthenica [(L.) Ledebour] SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhizobium mongolense sp. nov.; Medicago ruthenica; root-nodule bacteria ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SINORHIZOBIUM; BRADYRHIZOBIA; DEFINITION; TAXONOMY; MELILOTI AB Medicago ruthenica [(L.) Ledebour] is native to Inner Mongolia where rhizosphere samples were collected for the isolation of 106 rhizobial cultures, Besides nodulating the original trap host, the isolates formed nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Phaseolus vulgaris, Only half of the isolates nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa), but these did not form nitrogen-fixing symbioses. Rhizobium tropici also formed nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Medicago ruthenica, A total of 56 distinctive multilocus electrophoretic types (ETs) were identified among 94 of the 106 isolates which were analysed for variation in electrophoretic mobility of 12 enzyme loci. One isolate (USDA 1920) possessed a unique ET, while the ETs of the other isolates formed two weakly divergent subgroups approximately equal in size. It was concluded from small subunit rRNA gene sequences of eight isolates of Medicago ruthenica that they belonged to the genus Rhizobium and not to the genus Sinorhizobium which is more commonly associated with Medicago. Genomic similarity, determined from DNA hybridization analysis, between USDA 1920 and the strain representing the remaining isolates (USDA 1844) was lower than 20%. Based upon these observations it was concluded that at least three genomic species of rhizobia form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Medicago ruthenica. One of these genomic species is R. tropici, another is represented by the single isolate USDA 1920 and the name Rhizobium mongolense is proposed for the third genomic species represented by USDA 1844. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Grasslands Res Inst, Hohehott, Peoples R China. Penn State Univ, Reading, PA USA. RP van Berkum, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, BARC W, HH-19,Bldg 011,, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pberkum@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 31 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 BP 13 EP 22 PN 1 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZD676 UT WOS:000072711200002 PM 9542071 ER PT J AU Feresu, SB Bolin, CA Korver, H AF Feresu, SB Bolin, CA Korver, H TI A new leptospiral serovar, ngavi, in the Tarassovi serogroup isolated from Zimbabwe oxen SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptospira; serogroup Tarassovi; serovar ngavi; RFLP analysis; serological analyses ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HARDJO-BOVIS; INTERROGANS; CATTLE; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; SEJROE AB Two strains of the genus Leptospira, belonging to serogroup Tarassovi, were isolated from kidneys of apparently healthy oxen slaughtered at an abattoir in Zimbabwe, Both strains belonged to the same serovar but could not be assigned to previously known serovars using the cross-agglutinin absorption test, The name ngavi is proposed for the new serovar containing these two strains; strain SBF 16 is the reference strain, The Zimbabwe isolates showed some antigenic similarity to serovar gatuni when analyses were carried out using eight monoclonal antibodies, and had restriction patterns similar to those of serovars tarassovi, tunis, moldaviae and guidae when their chromosomal DNAs were analysed using RFLP analysis, The restriction patterns of the two strains could be distinguished from each other and from those of the four serovars when their Southern blots were hybridized with a probe synthesized from a repetitive sequence element cloned from serovar hardjo strain Hardjo-bovis. C1 Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Biol Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Royal Trop Inst, NH Swellengrebel Lab Trop Hyg, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Feresu, SB (reprint author), Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Biol Sci, Box MP 167,Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM sferesu@esanet.zw FU FIC NIH HHS [I F05 TW4154-01] NR 42 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 BP 207 EP 213 PN 1 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZD676 UT WOS:000072711200022 PM 9542090 ER PT J AU Jomantiene, R Davis, RE Maas, J Dally, EL AF Jomantiene, R Davis, RE Maas, J Dally, EL TI Classification of new phytoplasmas associated with diseases of strawberry in Florida, based on analysis of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene operon sequences SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mycoplasma; multiplier disease ID MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; SPACER REGION; IDENTIFICATION; MOLLICUTES; YELLOWS; DNA AB Strawberry plants exhibiting symptoms of stunting and abnormally small leaves were observed in production fields in central Florida, USA. Since the symptoms were suggestive of phytoplasma infection, plants were assayed for presence of phytoplasma by PCR amplification of 16S rDNA and ribosomal protein (rp) gene sequences, Amplification of phytoplasma-specific DNA sequences by PCR indicated infection of the diseased strawberry plants by phytoplasmas, RFLP analyses of amplified 16S rDNA revealed that the plants were infected by two mutually distinct phytoplasmas that differed from strawberry green petal phytoplasma (group 16Srl-C). Both phytoplasmas were members of 16S rRNA gene group I (16Srl), Based on RFLP analysis of amplified 16S rDNA and rp gene sequences, one was classified in group 16Srl subgroup I and new rp subgroup 16Srl-l(rp); its 16S rRNA-rp subgroup was designated 16Srl-K(rr-rp). The second phytoplasma represented a previously undescribed subgroup, designated K, in 16S rRNA group I but belonged to rp subgroup 16Srl-J(rp); this phytoplasma's 16S rRNA-rp subgroup was designated 16Srl-J(rr-rp). Results of RFLP analyses agreed with putative restriction site maps based on nucleotide sequences determined for the amplified 16S rDNAs and rp gene operon DNAs. Further evidence indicated that the 16Srl-K(rr-rp) strawberry phytoplasma, Mexican periwinkle virescence phytoplasma and stolbur phytoplasma shared sequence homologies that enabled amplification of DNA from all three by PCR using primers previously designed as stolburspecific. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 52 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 BP 269 EP 277 PN 1 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZD676 UT WOS:000072711200029 PM 9542097 ER PT J AU Gasparich, GE Hackett, KJ French, FE Whitcomb, RF AF Gasparich, GE Hackett, KJ French, FE Whitcomb, RF TI Serologic and genomic relatedness of group XIV spiroplasma isolates from a lampyrid beetle and tabanid flies: an ecologic paradox SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spiroplasmas; lampyrid beetles; tabanid flies ID CLASS MOLLICUTES; CLASSIFICATION; COLEOPTERA; SUBGROUPS AB Spiroplasma group XIV strain EC-1(T) and other isolates from the lampyrid beetle Ellychnia corrusca form a serogroup with tabanid spiroplasma strains (TC-1 and TS-1), It was hypothesized that similarities among these strains reflect a transmission cycle in which lampyrid beetles serve as overwintering hosts and tabanid adults become infected and transmit a homogeneous population of spiroplasma strains during spring, summer and autumn. In the present study, variations in restriction fragment length patterns suggest the presence of multiple genovars, Genotypic analysis may therefore be a companion to serology in elucidating spiroplasma diversity, and may provide clues to strain host range. C1 Towson State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gasparich, GE (reprint author), Towson State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM ggasparich@towson.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 48 BP 321 EP 324 PN 1 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZD676 UT WOS:000072711200036 ER PT S AU Vaughn, KC Harper, JDI AF Vaughn, KC Harper, JDI BE Jeon, KW TI Microtubule-organizing centers and nucleating sites in land plants SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY - A SURVEY OF CELL BIOLOGY, VOL 181 SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY-A SURVEY OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE basal body; blepharoplast; centrosome; cytoskeleton; land plants; microtubules; microtubule-organizing center; multilayered structure; polar organizer ID TOBACCO BY-2 CELLS; ELONGATION-FACTOR 1-ALPHA; SPINDLE POLE BODY; ROOT-TIP CELLS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS; PREPROPHASE-BAND FORMATION; FLUORESCENT BRAIN TUBULIN; TABACUM POLLEN TUBES; STAMEN HAIR-CELLS; F-ACTIN DYNAMICS C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 241 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-7696 BN 0-12-364585-9 J9 INT REV CYTOL JI Int.Rev.Cytol. PY 1998 VL 181 BP 75 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)60417-9 PG 75 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA BK81S UT WOS:000073479600003 PM 9522456 ER PT S AU Fitch, M Moore, P Leong, T AF Fitch, M Moore, P Leong, T BE Drew, RA TI Progress in transgenic papaya (Carica papaya) research: Transformation for broader resistance among cultivars and micropropagating selected hybrid transgenic plants SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOTECHNOLOGY OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL SPECIES - PART II SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biotechnology of Tropical and Subtropical Species CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 1997 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Hort Res & Dev Corp, QDPI Hort Inst, Queensland Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Rural Ind Res & Dev Corp, Queensland Fruit & Vegetable Growers, Banana Sect Grp, Queensland Fruit & Vegetable Growers, Pawpaw Sect Grp, Forbio, Minchin Farming Partners, Australian Tourist Commiss, Int Soc Hort Sci, Trop Fruit World, Perkin Elmer, Boehringer Mannheim Australia Pty Ltd DE papaya ringspot virus; virus resistance; genetic transformation; clone performance; cultivar ecotypes; clonal propagation AB As Hawaii's first transgenic virus resistant papayas near commercialization, several new aspects of research emerge. Additional papaya cultivars adapted to specific locations are being transformed with different papaya ringspot virus (PRV) genes. Seed production of transgenic hybrids has been undertaken by the Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, HARC, in collaboration with the University of Hawaii. Hybrid plants are being micropropagated to determine the feasibility of producing propagules through tissue culture to help the industry recover from setbacks during our recent 5-year-old virus epidemic. Two hybrid hermaphrodite transgenic lines from the same seed source were propagated, one from seedlings germinated aseptically in tissue culture and then micropropagated, the other from a mature, superior field-grown tree whose lateral shoots were decontaminated and propagated in vitro. Both plants produced lines with fruit that were of acceptable quality. The seedling-derived propagules multiplied in culture at an 8X per month rate once the cultures were actively growing. Rooting efficiency ranged from 20-40% per month. To date about 400 rooted transgenic hybrid hermaphrodite shoots have been produced from about 1000 cuttings in one month. Less than 10% of the slow-growing lateral shoots from mature, field-grown trees could be made aseptic with our decontamination treatments. Two months after decontamination, multiplication from a single shoot was about 5 x per month on a modified DeFossard medium. C1 USDA, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Fitch, M (reprint author), USDA, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-890-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 461 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BL64U UT WOS:000076162300035 ER PT S AU Sikora, LJ AF Sikora, LJ BE Szmidt, RAK TI Nitrogen availability from composts and blends of composts and fertilizers SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPOSTING AND USE OF COMPOSTED MATERIALS FOR HORTICULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Composting and Use of Composted Materials for Horticulture CY APR 05-11, 1997 CL AYR, SCOTLAND SP S Ayrshire Council, Scottish Agr Coll, Scottish Off Agr, Environm and Fisheries Dept, Int Soc Hort Sci, Commiss Plant Substrates, Working Grp Composting Waste Mat, ARCO W Scotland, Bulrush Peat Co Ltd, Burns Cottage Trustees, CAB Int, Christiaens bv Horst, Cty Mushrooms, Evelyne Napias, Mkt Dept, Gannon UK Ltd, Gicom bv, Glasgow City Council, Grower Nexus Media Ltd, Int Soc Mushroom Sci, JCB Landpower Ltd, JBB plc, Marks & Spencer plc, ORCA, Universal Composting Corp Ltd, W Scotland Water, Wilkie Recycling Syst DE fertilizer equivalents; N mineralization rate; blends AB A study was conducted to compare the nitrogen (N) availability of blends of biosolids compost or municipal refuse-biosolids cocompost with urea(U) or NH4NO3(N) fertilizers to fertilizer alone on growth and N uptake of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.). Blends which provided 0, 16.7, 33 or 50 % of the N kg(-1) application rate as compost N and 100, 83.3, 67 or 50% as fertilizer N were added to Sassafras soil (Typic Hapludults). Study 1 had a 150 mg N kg(-1) application rate and study 2 had 120 mg N kg(-1). Compost N mineralization was assumed to be 10% and comparisons were made on a fertilizer N equivalency basis. Yield and N uptake from blends of biosolids compost or municipal refuse-biosolids co-compost and NH4NO3 were not different from the equivalent NH4NO3 treatment. In study 2 which compared blends of biosolids compost and either urea (U) or NH4NO3(N) to fertilizer alone, yield and N uptake were not different from the equivalent fertilizer treatment with one exception. Yield and N uptake from 50% NH4NO3 -50% biosolids compost blend were greater than the equivalent 66 mg NH4NO3-N kg(-1) treatment. Compost fertilizer equivalent based on a 10% organic nitrogen mineralization rate was accurate in blends with fertilizer. Greater yield and N uptake than predicted were seen when NH4NO3 content in the fertilizer compost blend was below 88 mg N kg(-1) and did not mask the additional benefit of compost amendment. When an approximate N mineralization rate for compost is known, it is possible to formulate blends with fertilizer that will predictably support crop growth. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sikora, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-880-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 469 BP 343 EP 351 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BL64V UT WOS:000076162400037 ER PT S AU Takeda, F AF Takeda, F BE Papadopoulos, AP TI Strawberry production in soilless culture systems SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA AND HYDROPONICS, VOLS I AND II SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Growing Media and Hydroponics held with the Hydroponic-Society-of-America/American-Greenhouse-Vegetable-Growers-Asso ciation/CGVC Conference CY MAY 19-26, 1997 CL WINDSOR, CANADA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Commiss Plant Subsrates, Working Grp Growing Media, Hydropon Soc Amer, Amer Greenhouse Vegetable Growers Assoc, Canadian Greenhouse Vegetable Crop, AAFC, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Ontario Minist Agr & Food & Rural Affairs, Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Ontario Agri Food Res Fdn, Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers Mkt Board, Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss Assoc, Priva Comp Inc, Vineland Stn, Mastron, Leamington, Morse Growers Supplies, CF Ind Peod Inc, Leamington, Farm Credit Corp, Essex, Greenhouse Canada Magazine, Delhi, Royal Bank, Leamington, Colio Winery, Harrow, Canadian Imperial Bank Commerce, Performance Produce, Ruthven, Veg Gro Inc, Leamington, Victory Acres, Leamington, Seacliff Farms, Leamington, Entel Media, Amherstburg, Preney Print & Litho Inc, Windsor, Cleary Int Ctr, Windsor, Clifford Produce Co, Ruthven, Labbate Climate Control Syst Inc, Leamington, CEA Technol Int Inc, Alymer, Amco Produce, Leamington, Colassantis Trop Gardens, Ruthven, Derkach Farms, Ruthven, Doidge Business Machines, Windsor, Erie Sand & Gravel, Leamington, Erie James Ltd, Leamington, Flagship Farms Ltd, Leamington, Green Smackers Rx Farms Ltd, Kingsville, Southland Insurance, Leamington, Xerox Canada Ltd, Windsor, Growing Edge Magazine, Corvallis, Amer Vegetable Growers, Flowers Canada Inc, Ontario, Pract Hydropon & Greenhouses Magazine, Australia, Erie Shores Growers Ltd, Ruthven DE hydroponics; nutrient solution; vertical growing system; Fragaria x ananassa L. AB Two greenhouse strawberry production studies were performed. In the first study, strawberry plants were grown in filtered aquaculture effluent. Fresh-dug plants of cvs Chandler and Sweet Charlie were transplanted on 1 Oct.1995 in vertically-stacked square pots (28 plants/m(2)) containing coarse perlite. The plants were fertigated continuously with commercial nutrient solution (pH 6.4 and Ec=0.6 mS/cm) or with once-through aquaculture effluent(pH 7.2, Ec=1.6 mS/cm, 6 mg/l total suspended solids). Since nutrient concentrations in aquaculture effluent were about 15% of the levels measured in commercial nutrient solution the following nutrients were supplemented (mg/l): NO3-N (ls), P (0.7), K (5), Ca (55), Mg (20) and S (9) and all micronutrients. However, the growth and fruit production (200 g/plant) in plants fertigated with aquaculture effluent was low due to poor light conditions in the middle and bottom portions of the tower system and deficient levels of tissue N and P. In the second study, fresh-dug and runner-tip plants of cvs Camarosa, Chandler, and Sweet Charlie were grown with a continuously flowing commercial nutrient solution in nutrient film technique (NFT) troughs (13 plants/m(2)) from October 1996 to May 1997. 'Sweet Charlie' produced fruit the earliest, beginning in early December, and 'Camarosa' produced the most fruit (445 g/plant). Generally runner-tip plants performed better than fresh-dug plants. These studies indicate that a soilless strawberry production system for off-season fruiting in the middle Atlantic coast region is possible. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-811-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 481 BP 289 EP 295 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BN03S UT WOS:000080469700031 ER PT B AU Camp, CR Bauer, PJ Hunt, PG Busscher, WJ Sadler, EJ AF Camp, CR Bauer, PJ Hunt, PG Busscher, WJ Sadler, EJ GP IA IA TI Subsurface drip irrigation for agronomic crops SO IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Irrigation-Association Technical Conference CY NOV 01-03, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Irrigat Assoc ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; MANAGEMENT; TRICKLE; COTTON AB Drip irrigation offers several advantages over sprinkler irrigation in humid areas, including ease of system start-up each season, ease of automation, lower water pressure, lower water now rate, and improved management of water and nutrients. System cost can be reduced and drip irrigation made more profitable for some agronomic crops through the use of wider spacing and subsurface placement of laterals. Results from three experiments (10 site-years) that evaluated subsurface drip irrigation of agronomic crops are reviewed. Agronomic crops can be effectively and efficiently irrigated in the southeastern Coastal Plain using subsurface drip irrigation systems. In four experiments involving 13 site-years of data, both normal (0.76-1.0 m) and wide (1.5-2.0 m) lateral spacings were used to irrigate corn and cotton; yields were lower for the wide spacing in only one of six years for corn and none of the seven years for cotton. Consequently, it appears that subsurface placement of laterals at wider spacings (1.5-2.0 m) has significant potential for profitable irrigation of agronomic crops in the southeastern Coastal Plain. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Camp, CR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IRRIGATION ASSOC PI SILVER SPRING PA 13975 CONNECTICUT AVE, SILVER SPRING, MD 20906 USA PY 1998 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BM67E UT WOS:000079414900008 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ AF Clemmens, AJ GP IA IA TI Achieving high irrigation efficiency with modern surface irrigation SO IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Irrigation-Association Technical Conference CY NOV 01-03, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Irrigat Assoc AB Surface irrigation has the reputation for having low irrigation efficiencies. While surface irrigation performance continues to be very low in some places, there are also many conditions for which surface irrigation efficiencies rival those of pressurized systems. There are conditions under which pressurized irrigation systems are more efficient and more economical. There are also conditions under which surface irrigation is both efficient and economical, thus resulting in higher net returns. All irrigation systems require an appropriate design to produce a high efficiency. However, surface irrigation systems are much more subject to poor operating decisions, while pressurized system demand a high level of maintenance. Good management with surface irrigation requires systems that are designed with simple operations that are less subject to the whim of the irrigator, who in many cases is not highly trained. A good example of a highly-efficient, easy-to-operate, low-capital-investment surface-irrigation system is the new drain-back level-basin system which is rapidly expanding in central Arizona. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IRRIGATION ASSOC PI SILVER SPRING PA 13975 CONNECTICUT AVE, SILVER SPRING, MD 20906 USA PY 1998 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BM67E UT WOS:000079414900023 ER PT B AU Gulya, TJ AF Gulya, TJ BE Gulya, T Vear, F TI Resistance in commercial sunflower hybrids to races of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) SO ISA: SYMPOSIUM III: SUNFLOWER DOWNY MILDEW LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISA Symposium on Sunflower Downy Mildew CY JAN 12-14, 1998 CL FARGO, ND SP Int Sunflower Assoc C1 USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gulya, TJ (reprint author), USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SUNFLOWER ASSOC PI PARIS PA 174 AVE VICTOR HUGO, F-75784 16 PARIS, FRANCE PY 1998 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BP25A UT WOS:000084480000018 ER PT B AU Seiler, G AF Seiler, G BE Gulya, T Vear, F TI Wild sunflower as a potential source of resistance to downy mildew SO ISA: SYMPOSIUM III: SUNFLOWER DOWNY MILDEW LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISA Symposium on Sunflower Downy Mildew CY JAN 12-14, 1998 CL FARGO, ND SP Int Sunflower Assoc DE disease; Helianthus; wild species; Plasmopara halstedii ID GERMPLASM LINES; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE AB Sunflower downy mildew (SDM) (caused by Plasmopara halstedii) is serious disease in the major sunflower production areas of the world. It originated in North America and has spread all over the world. The ancestor of the cultivated sunflower also originated in North America. The two have co-evolved, providing the opportunity to discover resistance genes (PI) in wild sunflower that can be transferred into cultivated sunflower. The frequency of PI genes in the wild species is high, especially in the annual species, and to a lesser extent in the perennial species. Many of the resistance genes identified are dominant in inheritance and control a single race. However, some annual species have resistance genes for all known races of SDM. A species can also have several genes to control the same race, as is seen in wild H. annuus. Considerable segregation for resistance to the dominant races of SDM has been observed in interspecific populations. Resistance genes have been successfully transferred to several inbred lines which have single and multiple race resistance. As new races of SDM evolve, new sources of genetic resistance will be needed which should be available in the diverse wild species germplasm. New sources of resistance will also be needed as the present races of SDM become resistant to the current chemicals used to control SDM. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Seiler, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT SUNFLOWER ASSOC PI PARIS PA 174 AVE VICTOR HUGO, F-75784 16 PARIS, FRANCE PY 1998 BP 113 EP 121 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BP25A UT WOS:000084480000019 ER PT B AU Gulya, TJ De Labrouhe, DT Masirevic, S Penaud, A Rashid, K Viranyi, F AF Gulya, TJ De Labrouhe, DT Masirevic, S Penaud, A Rashid, K Viranyi, F BE Gulya, T Vear, F TI Proposal for standardized nomenclature and identification of races of Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew) SO ISA: SYMPOSIUM III: SUNFLOWER DOWNY MILDEW LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISA Symposium on Sunflower Downy Mildew CY JAN 12-14, 1998 CL FARGO, ND SP Int Sunflower Assoc ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE AB A proposal, formulated by pathologists from six countries, is made for a standardized set of nine, publicly available lines to be used as differential lines to identify races of sunflower downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii). In addition, a nomenclature system using a triplet code which is concise and easy to use is presented. It should allow pathologists to name unambiguously a new race and at the same time convey information on its virulence pattern. C1 USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gulya, TJ (reprint author), USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SUNFLOWER ASSOC PI PARIS PA 174 AVE VICTOR HUGO, F-75784 16 PARIS, FRANCE PY 1998 BP 130 EP 136 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BP25A UT WOS:000084480000021 ER PT J AU Schatzki, TF AF Schatzki, TF TI Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 5. Sampling and testing US pistachios for aflatoxin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE very large sample testing; sampling variance; experimental distributions ID NUTS C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Schatzki, TF (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 46 IS 1 BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1021/jf970872t PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YT846 UT WOS:000071650900002 ER PT J AU Arnade, A AF Arnade, A TI Using a programming approach to measure international agricultural efficiency and productivity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID INDEX NUMBERS C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Arnade, A (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1301 New York Ave, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOC PI READING PA C/O PROF W B TRAIL, EDITOR, UNIV READING, 4 EARLEY GATE, WHITEKNIGHTS RD, READING, ENGLAND RG6 6AR SN 0021-857X J9 J AGR ECON JI J. Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 67 EP 84 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZD655 UT WOS:000072709100005 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Champagne, ET Bannon, GA Burks, AW AF Chung, SY Champagne, ET Bannon, GA Burks, AW TI Peanut stress protein, a potential maturity marker, is an allergen derived from a similar to 32 kD peanut allergen SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 MA 995 BP S240 EP S240 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA YW339 UT WOS:000071924800991 ER PT J AU Goetsch, AL AF Goetsch, AL TI A note on the effect of lamb growth potential, litter size, and concentrate supplements on performance of lambs and lactating ewes consuming low to moderate quality grass hay SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sheep; liveweight gain; breed; supplementation; lactation AB Thirty-eight multiparous St. Croix ewes bred to Romanov or Suffolk rams were used in an 8-week experiment beginning 2.9 +/- 0.15 days after parturition to determine effects of sire breed (i.e., lamb growth potential), litter size (i.e., single vs twins), and different supplemental concentrate treatments on ewe and lamb performance. Wheat hay (10% crude protein and 71% NDF; DM basis) consumed ad libitum by ewes and lambs was supplemented for ewes (DM basis) with: 0.25% body weight (BW) of ground maize (control); 1.25% BW of maize, 0.3% BW of a mixture of fish (38.8%), blood (30.6%), and feather meals (30.6%; MR); or 1.25% BW of maize alone in weeks 1 to 3 and with high-protein feedstuffs in weeks 4 to 8 (M-MR). Control ewe BW decreased during the experiment at a rate of 67 g/day, whereas BW change for MR and M-MR treatments was 16 and -8 g/day, respectively (control vs MR and M-MR, P < 0.05; SE 7.8). Lamb BW gain also was lower for control than for MR (P < 0.05) and M-MR (P = 0.08), 144, 205, and 190 g/day for control, MR, and M-MR, respectively (SE 12.9). Lamb BW gain was greater (P < 0.05) for Romanov- vs Suffolk-sired lambs (196 vs 163 g/day; SE 8.7) and for single than for twin lambs (198 vs 162 g/day; SE 9.0). C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AK USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AK USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KIELANOWSKI INST ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION PI JABLONNA PA UL INSTYTUCKA 3, 05-110 JABLONNA, POLAND SN 1230-1388 J9 J ANIM FEED SCI JI J. Anim. Feed Sci. PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 115QR UT WOS:000075677100004 ER PT J AU Hausman, GJ Richardson, RL AF Hausman, GJ Richardson, RL TI Newly recruited and pre-existing preadipocytes in cultures of porcine stromal-vascular cells: Morphology, expression of extracellular matrix components, and lipid accretion SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; adipocytes; glucocorticoids; laminins ID FETAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SERUM-FREE CULTURES; GROWTH FACTOR-I; PIG FETUSES; DIFFERENTIATION; DEXAMETHASONE; INSULIN; BINDING; LAMININ; BETA AB Expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during differentiation of preexisting preadipocytes and preadipocytes recruited by dexamethasone (DEX) was examined with immunocytochemistry in primary cultures of adipose tissue stromal vascular (S-V) cells. Immunocytochemistry showed that a small proportion of preadipocytes (AD-3+) in 24-h cultures (d 0 to 1) contained lipid or expressed ECM. Two days of insulin treatment markedly increased preadipocyte ECM expression, and preadipocytes were "rounder" than those not treated with insulin. Dexamethasone with insulin increased preadipocyte recruitment two-to fivefold in completely serum-free cultures and in cultures serum-free after seeding and plating in serum for 1 to 3 d. Double staining demonstrated that ECM expression and lipid accretion were tightly coupled and lagged significantly behind preadipocyte recruitment; (AD-3 expression). Double staining (lipid and AD-3) also demonstrated remarkable and unexpected cytological traits indicating a "reticuloendothelial" nature of newly recruited preadipocytes. Time-lapse phase contrast microscopy verified these observations and demonstrated that small adipocytes and preadipocytes migrated and formed cell-to-cell contacts while aggregating and clustering. Large clusters of lipid-free preadipocytes developed in DEX-treated cultures, but not in cultures treated with DEX + insulin. However, the influence of DEX on preadipocyte recruitment and ECM expression was independent of insulin. Preadipocytes on ECM substrata accumulated lipid but were "flat" and did not express ECM components, regardless of insulin or DEX treatment. These studies clearly indicate that preadipocytes express ECM components after recruitment, and the ECM may be critical for morphological development of adipocytes. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1 BP 48 EP 60 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA YR496 UT WOS:000071501100008 PM 9464884 ER PT J AU Feil, VJ Ellis, RL AF Feil, VJ Ellis, RL TI The USDA perspective on dioxin concentrations in dairy and beef SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Is Dioxin Contamination a Problem for Livestock at the 87th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE beef; dairy; dioxins; metabolites ID FOOD AB The major dioxin-related research activities in the United States Department of Agriculture are 1) a survey of dioxin levels in beef samples collected at 13 experiment stations throughout the United States, 2) a feeding study of eight dioxins, four furans, and three PCB at levels equal to or above levels expected at highly industrialized locations, and 3) metabolism studies of C-14-labeled dioxin congeners. Preliminary results indicate that geographical location may influence dioxin concentrations in beef and that bulls may have concentrations higher than those in other slaughter animals. Metabolism of nontoxic congeners seems to be rather complex, involving the arene oxide pathway, NIH type shifting of chlorine, and conjugation with sulfuric acid and glucuronic acids. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Feil, VJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1 BP 152 EP 159 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA YR496 UT WOS:000071501100020 PM 9464896 ER PT J AU Mersmann, HJ AF Mersmann, HJ TI Overview of the effects of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists on animal growth including mechanisms of action SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pharmacology, Toxicology, and the Illegal Use of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists at the 88th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL, 1996 CL RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE beta-adrenergic agonists; beta-adrenergic receptors; adipose tissue; skeletal muscle; growth ID PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INDUCED MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY; BOVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MESSENGER-RNA; BETA(3)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; BETA-3-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; ADRENOCEPTOR SUBTYPES; PROTEIN-METABOLISM; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE AB The beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-AR) are present on the surface of almost every type of mammalian cell. These receptors are stimulated physiologically by the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine and the adrenal medullary hormone, epinephrine. There are three subtypes of beta-AR, namely, beta(1)-AR, beta(2)-AR, and beta(3)-AR; the pharmacological and physiological responses of an individual cell result from the particular mixture of the three beta-AR subtypes present on that cell. Species-specific structure (amino acid sequence) also causes modification of the function of a given beta-AR subtype. Knowledge of the beta-AR subtypes present in various cell types, coupled with knowledge of receptor structure (sequence), will allow an understanding of the complexity of physiological function regulated by beta-AR. Oral administration of some beta-AR agonists increases muscle and decreases fat accretion in cattle, pigs, poultry, and sheep. The large number of physiological functions controlled by beta-AR suggests that the mechanism(s) for the observed changes in carcass composition may be extremely complex. Any proposed mechanism must begin with the possibility of direct effects of the agonist on skeletal muscle and adipocyte beta-AR. However, many other mechanisms, such as modification of blood flow, release of hormones, or central nervous system control of feed intake may contribute to the overall effects observed with a given beta-AR agonist in a given species. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamic properties of a particular agonist are complex and expected to vary among species as well as within the same species at different ages or when fed different diets. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mersmann, HJ (reprint author), 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 97 TC 251 Z9 268 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1 BP 160 EP 172 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA YR496 UT WOS:000071501100021 PM 9464897 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ AF Smith, DJ TI The pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and tissue residues of beta-adrenergic agonists in livestock SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pharmacology, Toxicology, and the Illegal Use of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists at the 88th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL, 1996 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE beta-adrenergic agonists; residues; pharmacokinetics; food safety ID STEREOSELECTIVE SULFATE CONJUGATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VEAL CALVES; SALBUTAMOL DISPOSITION; CLINICAL-PHARMACOLOGY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS; PIGMENTED TISSUES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Since the early 1980s the usefulness of dietary beta-agonists to improve the efficiency of feed utilization and(or) to enhance carcass leanness in livestock species has been well documented. Less well documented are the pharmacokinetic properties, biotransformation pathways, and tissue residue profiles of beta-agonists used to enhance leanness in experimentally or illegally treated animals. Pharmacokinetic data for clenbuterol, cimaterol, fenoterol, L-644,969, ractopamine, salbutamol, and terbutaline have been published but biotransformation and tissue residue studies for these compounds in livestock species are sparse. In general, beta-agonists having halogenated aromatic ring systems are metabolized by oxidative and conjugative pathways and have long plasma half-lives, whereas beta-agonists having hydroxylated aromatic rings are metabolized solely by conjugation and have relatively short plasma half-lives. beta-Agonists having high oral bioavailabilities, long plasma half-lives, and relatively slow rates of elimination have high oral potencies in humans. Residues of such illegally used compounds in edible tissues of livestock represent a genuine risk to consumers. Conversely, beta-agonists having low oral bioavailabilities, short plasma half-lives, and rapid rates of elimination have low oral potencies in humans. Residues of such compounds in edible tissues of properly treated animals would not likely represent a credible risk to consumers of such products. The reviewed data indicate that the development of a safe and effective beta-agonist for use in livestock is possible. C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 138 TC 108 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1 BP 173 EP 194 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA YR496 UT WOS:000071501100022 PM 9464898 ER PT J AU Chase, CC Kirby, CJ Hammond, AC Olson, TA Lucy, MC AF Chase, CC Kirby, CJ Hammond, AC Olson, TA Lucy, MC TI Patterns of ovarian growth and development in cattle with a growth hormone receptor deficiency SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 27-30, 1996 CL UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO, LONDON, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO DE somatotropin; insulin-like growth factor; ovaries; bovidae ID RECOMBINANT BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; IGF BINDING-PROTEINS; FACTOR-I; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; GRANULOSA-CELLS; DIETARY ENERGY; CORPUS-LUTEUM AB Nutritionally induced changes in growth hormone (GH) and IGF-I are associated with decreased ovarian function and may partially explain infertility and anestrus in undernourished cattle. The reproductive importance of GH and IGF-I was tested in cattle with a GH receptor deficiency (GHRD) that have reduced blood IGF-I. Blood was collected daily for plasma, and ovaries were examined daily by ultrasonography for 3 wk during an estrous cycle (estrus = d 0) in GHRD (n = 8) and control (n = 8) cattle. On d 18, blood samples were collected every 10 min for 6 h to measure LH. The GHRD cattle had fewer small antral ovarian follicles (2 to 5 mm, P < .01). After estrous cycle d 5, the first-wave dominant follicle stopped growing in GHRD but continued growing in controls (P < .001). Size of the CL was equivalent for GHRD and controls until d 5, after which CL development slowed in GHRD (P < .01). Likewise, plasma progesterone concentrations were less in GHRD (P < .001). During the luteal phase, GHRD cattle failed to develop follicles greater than 10 mm in diameter (endocrine status x day, P < .05). Size and rate of growth of preovulatory follicles, plasma estradiol, plasma FSH, and plasma LH (d 18 bleed) were similar in GHRD and controls. In conclusion, an important role for GH, GH receptor, and IGF-I in ovarian function was supported because GHRD cattle had distinctly different patterns of ovarian development compared with control cattle. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lucy, MC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 48 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1 BP 212 EP 219 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA YR496 UT WOS:000071501100025 PM 9464901 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Tellez, MR Havstad, KM Shupe, WL Anderson, DM Remmenga, MD AF Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Tellez, MR Havstad, KM Shupe, WL Anderson, DM Remmenga, MD TI Effects of volatile compounds on consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diets; intake; sheep; terpenoids ID DIET SELECTION; PREFERENCE; COMPONENTS; CHEMISTRY; TARBUSH; GOATS AB We examined the effects of six volatile compounds on alfalfa pellet consumption by lambs. In each experiment, 45 lambs were individually fed alfalfa pellets sprayed with a selected compound (camphor, limonene, cis-jasmone, beta-caryophyllene, borneol, or alpha-pinene) at one of five concentrations. Treatment concentrations were multiples (0, .5, 1, 2, and 10) of the concentration of a specific compound (X) that was related to differential herbivory of tarbush by livestock in previous studies. Treatments were applied to alfalfa pellets (.64 kg.lamb(-1).d(-1), DM basis), and consumption was measured during a 20-min interval each morning for 5 d. Lambs were adapted to handling procedures and the pelleted diet (without treatments) for 10 d. Lambs were maintained and fed (approximately 4.5 to 5% of BW) as one group except during 20-min tests. A negative linear effect of treatment concentration on intake was observed for camphor (P < .02) and alpha-pinene (P < .01), and a quadratic response was detected for borneol (P < .02). The other three compounds had no discernible effect on consumption. Although volatile compounds generally had only minor influences on consumption, the negative influences of alpha-pinene and camphor concentrations on pellet consumption suggest that these monoterpenes may partially explain differential herbivory of individual tarbush plants by livestock. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1 BP 228 EP 233 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA YR496 UT WOS:000071501100027 PM 9464903 ER PT J AU King, JW AF King, JW TI Analytical supercritical fluid techniques and methodology: Conceptualization and reduction to practice SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 111th AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AOAC Int ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CO2 EXTRACTION; FAT; COLLECTION; PRODUCTS; MATRICES; FOOD; OILS; BEEF C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP King, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YW489 UT WOS:000071940800002 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS Horn, BW Dorner, JW Cole, RJ AF Sobolev, VS Horn, BW Dorner, JW Cole, RJ TI Liquid chromatographic determination of major secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species from section Flavi SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; PARASITICUS; AFLATOXINS; MYCOTOXINS; TAMARII AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of major secondary metabolites-including cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST), and the versicolorins-produced by Aspergillus species from section Flavi (A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. tamarii, and A. caelatus) on a liquid medium. Metabolites were extracted with chloroform and quantitated without prior cleanup by means of normal-phase ion-pair partition LC on silica gel with a mobile phase of n-heptane-2-propanol-n-butanol-water-tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (2560 + 900 + 230 + 32 + 8, v/v). Recoveries of CPA and OMST from fungal cultures spiked at 10 mu g/mL were 98.90 +/- 3.27 and 95.92 +/- 5.27% (n = 5), respectively. At spike levels of 100 mu g/mL, recoveries were 98.89 +/- 3.87 and 97.65 +/- 4.32% (n = 5), respectively. Limits of detection for pure standards were 0.25 mu g/mL for CPA (at 280 nm) and 0.30 mu g/mL for OMST (at 310 nm). UV detector responses to CPA and OMST were linear to about 0.5 and 3.5 mu g/injection, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YW489 UT WOS:000071940800010 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG Dorner, JW Dowell, FE Cole, RJ AF Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG Dorner, JW Dowell, FE Cole, RJ TI Estimating aflatoxin in farmers' stock peanut lots by measuring aflatoxin in various peanut-grade components SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Five, 2 kg test samples were taken from each of 120 farmers' stock peanut lots contaminated with aflatoxin. Kernels from each 2 kg sample were divided into the following grade components: sound mature kernels plus sound splats (SMKSS), other kernels (OK), loose shelled kernels (LSK), and damaged kernels (DAM). Kernel mass, aflatoxin mass, and aflatoxin concentration were measured for each of the 2400 component samples. For 120 lots tested, average aflatoxin concentrations in SMKSS, OK, LSK, and DAM components were 235, 2543, 11775, and 69775 ng/g, respectively. Aflatoxins in SMKSS, OK, LSK, and DAM components represented 6.9, 7.9, 33.3, and 51.9% of the total aflatoxin mass, respectively. Cumulatively, 3 aflatoxin risk components-OK, LSK, and DAM-accounted for 93.1% of total aflatoxin, but only 18.4% percent of test sample mass. Correlation analysis suggests that the most accurate predictor of aflatoxin concentration in the lot is the cumulative aflatoxin mass in the high 3 risk components OK + LSK + DAM (correlation coefficient, r = 0.996). If the aflatoxin in the combined OK + LSK + DAM components is expressed in concentration units, r decreases to 0.939. Linear regression equations relating aflatoxin in OK + LSK + DAM to aflatoxin concentration in the lot were developed. The cumulative aflatoxin in the OK + LSK + DAM components was not an accurate predictor (r = 0.539) of aflatoxin in the SMKSS component. Statistical analyses of 3 other data sets published previously yielded similar results. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YW489 UT WOS:000071940800011 PM 9477563 ER PT J AU Hoerning, EF AF Hoerning, EF TI Eggs and egg products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 111th AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AOAC Int C1 USDA, AMS, Div Sci & Technol, Eastern Lab, Gastonia, NC 28054 USA. RP Hoerning, EF (reprint author), USDA, AMS, Div Sci & Technol, Eastern Lab, 2311-B Aberdeen Blvd, Gastonia, NC 28054 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YW489 UT WOS:000071940800041 ER PT J AU Soderberg, D AF Soderberg, D TI Meat and meat products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 111th AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AOAC Int C1 USDA, FSIS, OPHS, CTD, Washington, DC 20205 USA. RP Soderberg, D (reprint author), USDA, FSIS, OPHS, CTD, Rm 6918,Franklin Ct,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 168 EP 172 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YW489 UT WOS:000071940800043 ER PT J AU Ross, PF AF Ross, PF TI Veterinary analytical toxicology SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 111th AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AOAC Int C1 USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Toxicol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ross, PF (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Toxicol Lab, POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YW489 UT WOS:000071940800061 ER PT J AU Danka, RG Villa, JD AF Danka, RG Villa, JD TI Evidence of autogrooming as a mechanism of honey bee resistance to tracheal mite infestation SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE honey bee; Apis mellifera; tracheal mites; Acarapis woodi; autogrooming; resistance ID ACARAPIS-WOODI; APIS-MELLIFERA; HYMENOPTERA; STOCKS; APIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HYDROCARBONS AB Infestations of tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) were measured in honey bees (Apis mellifera) whose autogrooming ability was compromised by having legs or segments of legs amputated. Bees of two stocks, one more resistant (Buck-fast) and one more susceptible to tracheal mite infestation, were tested by performing amputations on uninfested, young (0-24 h) adult bees, exposing the treated bees to mites in infested colonies,then retrieving and dissecting the bees to measure parasitism. In both stocks, bees that had mesothoracic legs amputated had greatly increased mite abundances. However,the relative increase in infestation was greater in resistant bees. Mite infestation increased as more (0 vs. 1 vs. 2) mesothoracic legs were removed. in bees with only one leg removed, mite infestations were greater on the treated side, in subsequent tests with resistant stock bees only, removing the mesotarsi resulted in infestations equalling those found when entire mesothoracic legs were removed, but amputating the four distal mesotarsomeres or the metatarsi resulted in less significant increases. Restraining rather than removing mesothoracic legs also resulted in increased infestation. Young (0-24 h) bees were more affected than older (3-4 day) bees by leg removal, indicating that a factor other than autogrooming accounts for the low susceptibility of older bees to tracheal mites. Together these results are evidence that autogrooming is an important mechanism of protection against tracheal mites, especially in bees known to have genetically-based resistance to the parasite. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Danka, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZY757 UT WOS:000074656300007 ER PT J AU de Guzman, L Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA Anderson, D AF de Guzman, L Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA Anderson, D TI Congruence of RAPD and mitochondrial DNA markers in assessing Varroa jacobsoni genotypes SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Varroa jacobsoni; genotypes; RAPD; mitochondrial DNA; restriction endonuclease; CO 1 region ID POPULATIONS C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. CSIRO, Div Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP de Guzman, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RI Anderson, Denis/C-3203-2009 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 49 EP 51 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZY757 UT WOS:000074656300009 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Westcott, LC Winston, ML AF Pettis, JS Westcott, LC Winston, ML TI Balling behaviour in the honey bee in response to exogenous queen mandibular gland pheromone SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE queen mandibular gland pheromone; honey bees; Apis mellifera; balling behaviour ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; WORKER; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE AB Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies generally respond to the introduction of a foreign queen by aggressively surrounding or 'balling' the new queen. We explored the role of queen mandibular gland pheromone (QMP) in initiating balling behaviour. The addition of a synthetic blend of QMP to the abdomen of worker bees initiated balling behaviour of these workers when re-introduced into their own colony. There was a positive, dose-dependent relationship between the number of balls formed, time to ball formation and size of balls formed. When the QMP dose was below that normally found on a queen, 10(-3) queen equivalents, it resulted in significantly slower ball formation and smaller bail diameter. The acid components of the five-component QMP elicited balling behaviour while the aromatic components did not, but the full blend elicited the strongest response. Stinging behaviour was the most prevalent and persistent factor preceding the formation of balls. We concur with others who have proposed that a 'marking' pheromone is released when an aggressive worker flexes her abdomen, and that the release of this pheromone causes ball formation. There were no obvious changes in resident queen behaviour while balling of QMP-treated workers was occurring. We conclude that queen mandibular gland pheromone is a significant signal in foreign queen recognition and the initiation of balling behaviour. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 119QD UT WOS:000075907000009 ER PT J AU Sylvester, HA Limbipichai, K Wongsiri, S Rinderer, TE Mardan, M AF Sylvester, HA Limbipichai, K Wongsiri, S Rinderer, TE Mardan, M TI Morphometric studies of Apis cerana in Thailand and the Malaysian peninsula SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apis cerana; eastern honey bee; morphometrics; Thailand; Malaysia ID NORTHWEST HIMALAYAS; INDIAN HONEYBEE; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; BEES AB Samples of Apis cerana were collected from 44 locations in 12 regions of Thailand and peninsular Malaysia. Morphometric measurements were made on 58 characters, Statistical analysis showed that these samples could be separated into four groups: northern to central Thailand, southern Thailand to the end of the Malaysian peninsula, Samui Island and, less distinctly, Phuket island. These differences support the interpretation that A. cerana has spread its range into south-east Asia in recent geological times. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Biol, Bee Biol Res Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Univ Pertanian Malaysia, Fac Bioresources & Technol, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul, Malaysia. RP Sylvester, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 168LY UT WOS:000078695300001 ER PT J AU Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA Oldroyd, BP Tingek, S AF Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA Oldroyd, BP Tingek, S TI Levels of polyandry and intracolonial genetic relationships in Apis koschevnikovi SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; polyandry; microsatellite primers; DNA; multiple mating; relatedness; Apis koschevnikovi; polymerase chain reaction; Borneo; Malaysia ID MELLIFERA L; SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA; SPERM UTILIZATION; HONEY-BEES; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; NUMBER; RELATEDNESS; PARASITES; COLONIES AB Adults of five Apis koschevnikovi colonies from Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo) were collected into alcohol and within two days, transferred to liquid nitrogen. DNA was extracted, amplified with four, or in one case six, microsatellite primer pairs or primers for a sequence tagged site, and genotypes for these loci were determined for 40 to 100 workers per colony. Four colonies were monogynous, one colony had worker daughters of two, probably highly related, queens. For the monogynous colonies, the queen genotypes and the number and genotypes of males mated by each queen was inferred from the worker genotypes. The queens mated with 10 to 32 drones. The average number of observed matings was 16.3 +/- 10.5 and the average number of effective matings was 10.5 +/- 8.4. The within-colony genetic relatedness was 0.31 +/- 0.03. The fitness advantages of genetic variance are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Agr Res Stn Tenom, Tenom 89908, Sabah, Malaysia. RP Rinderer, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 4 BP 281 EP 287 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 200LZ UT WOS:000080542900009 ER PT J AU Romick, TL Fleming, HP AF Romick, TL Fleming, HP TI Acetoin production as an indicator of growth and metabolic inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; PH; SURVIVAL; FERMENTATION; TEMPERATURE; ACIDULANT; PATHOGENS; BEHAVIOR; BROTH AB It has been shown that Listeria monocytogenes produces acetoin from glucose under aerobic conditions, A defined medium with glucose as the sole carbon source was used in an aerobic shake flask culture to reliably produce acetoin, Acetoin, the reactive compound in the Voges-Proskauer test, was assayable in the medium and was used to quantify the metabolic response when inhibitors were added to the medium, Inhibitors such as lactic, acetic, propionic and benzoic acids were used to demonstrate the utility of acetoin production as an indicator of metabolic disruption. With increasing levels of inhibitor, the metabolic and growth responses were measured by acetoin production and optical density change, respectively, Both measurements decreased in a similar manner with increasing inhibitor concentrations. The data also showed the apparent mode of action of the inhibitors, A bacteriostatic effect was observed for the protonated organic acids, acetic (4 mmol l(-1)) and propionic (4 mmol l(-1)), whereas protonated lactic (4 mmol l(-1)) and benzoic (0.16 mmol l(-1)) acids gave an irreversible (apparent bacteriocidal) effect. Lactic, acetic, and propionic acids showed stimulation of metabolic activity at low concentrations, but benzoic did not. Acetoin production is a novel method for quantifying and assessing the mode of action of inhibitors against L. monocytogenes. This system can be used to screen inhibitors for applications in food safety. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Food Fermentat Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fleming, HP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Food Fermentat Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 84 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YX893 UT WOS:000072091000002 PM 15244053 ER PT J AU Tsunoda, M Sharma, RP Riley, RT AF Tsunoda, Masashi Sharma, Raghubir P. Riley, Ronald T. TI Early Fumonisin B-1 Toxicity in Relation to Disrupted Sphingolipid Metabolism in Male BALB/c Mice SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fumonisin B-1; Ceramide; Sphingolipids; Sphinganine; Sphingosine; Tissue Phospholipids; Male Mice AB Fumonisin B-1 is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, a common fungus in corn. It is known to cause a variety of diseases, including hepatic and renal degeneration in many species of laboratory and domestic animals. The known biochemical events in fumonisin B, toxicity involve inhibition of ceramide synthase leading to disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. The effect of fumonisin B, on ceramide and more complex sphingolipids in mice is not known. Groups of five male BALB/c mice each were injected with fumonisin B, subcutaneously at doses of 0, 0.25, 0.75, 2.25, and 6.75 mg/kg body weight daily for 5 days. This protocol has been shown to produce a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in liver and kidney of these animals. In the present study, liver, kidney, and brain were sampled and analyzed for free sphingoid bases and complex sphingolipids one day after the last treatment. A dose-related accumulation of free sphinganine and sphingosine was observed in liver and kidney, but not brain. The maximal increase in free sphinganine in kidney was 10-fold greater than in liver. Total phospholipids increased only in liver, whereas ceramide levels were not consistently altered in liver, kidney, or brain. In liver and kidney, fumonisin B, treatment increased the sphinganine-containing complex sphingolipids, but no effect was observed on sphingosine-containing complex sphingolipids. No changes in complex sphingolipids were observed in brain. In liver, there was a close correlation between the extent of free sphinganine accumulation, and apoptosis and hepatopathy. This correlation was also evident in kidney but to a lessor extent. Nonetheless, the apoptosis and nephropathy occurred with little or no change in the levels of ceramide or more complex sphingolipids. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Toxicol 12: 281-289, 1998 C1 [Tsunoda, Masashi; Sharma, Raghubir P.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Riley, Ronald T.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Sharma, RP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rpsharma@calc.vet.uga.edu NR 46 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0461(1998)12:5<281::AID-JBT4>3.0.CO;2-H PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA V27WB UT WOS:000208642200004 PM 9664234 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA TI The relationship between magnesium and calcium kinetics in 9- to 14-year-old children SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSORPTION; INFANTS; MG-25 AB Few measurements of magnesium (Mg) kinetics have been performed, especially in children and adolescents, Simultaneous Mg and calcium (Ca) kinetics following intravenous administration of Ca-42 and Mg-25 were measured in 22 children (10 boys and 12 girls) 9-14 years of age, Kinetic values, including the body pool masses (Mg-Comp and Ca-Comp for the Mg and Ca compartment masses, respectively) and bone/tissue (hard and soft tissue) Ca and Mg deposition rates (V-o+(Ca) and V-o+(Mg), respectively) were calculated using the Simulation, Analysis, and Modeling (SAAM) program, No significant differences were found between males and females (p > 0.3 for each comparison) for pool masses or deposition rates. V-o+(Ca) and V-o+(Mg) were highly correlated (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). V-o+(Mg) but not V-o+(Ca), was closely correlated with body weight (r = 0.55, p < 0.01 and r = 0.16, p = 0.47, respectively), Similarly, Mg-Comp was more closely correlated with body weight (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) than Ca-Comp (r = 037,p = 0.10), Neither V-o+(Ca) nor Ca-Comp increased significantly over the age range studied, However, V-o+(Mg) and Mg-Comp were significantly positively correlated with age, These findings demonstrate differences in regulation of Ca versus Mg kinetics by young adolescents, These differences may be related to the greater utilization of Mg for muscle and soft tissue growth, The close relationship between V-o+(Mg) and body weight suggests that the current practice of relating Mg intake requirements to body weight, as well as age, is appropriate for young adolescents. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 13 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.1.149 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YN807 UT WOS:000071209800019 PM 9443801 ER PT J AU Shomer, I Lookhart, GL Vasiliver, R Bean, S AF Shomer, I Lookhart, GL Vasiliver, R Bean, S TI Ultrastructure of consecutively extracted and flocculated gliadins and glutenins SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gliadin; gluten; capillary electrophoresis; transmission electron microscopy; microstructure; ultrastructure ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN COAGULATION CLOUD; CITRUS-FRUIT EXTRACT; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; WHEAT GLUTENIN; VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION; ACID-POLYACRYLAMIDE AB Gliadin and glutenin are characterized by specific ultrastructures, which depend on variety and separation conditions. Gliadins, extracted with 80% ethanol, of Israeli spring wheat 'Ariel' appeared as spherical bodies within an amorphous perforated matrix. The gliadins of a commercial sample of U.S. hard red winter wheat were deposited in bundles of bodies of concentric membrane-like units during water dialysis and they tended to separate while heating at 120 degrees C. Acetic-acid-extracted glutenins healed ar 120 degrees C appeared as amorphous compact agglomerated particles beside dispersed aggregates, fibril-like patterns and oil-like bodies. The extracted glutenins, which were dialysed vs water, appeared as dispersed or aggregated particles beside oil-like bodies embedded in and/or encapsulated by coagulated protein. Differences were found in high-performance capillary electrophoresis patterns of both gliadins and glutenins between the Israeli spring wheat 'Ariel' and the good baking quality U.S. hard red winter wheat 'Karl 92'; indicating that the structural differences are a result of different proteins and differences in the physicochemical properties of rh-proteins. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Shomer, I (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1997.0143 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YV811 UT WOS:000071865700005 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Havstad, KM Remmenga, MD AF Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Havstad, KM Remmenga, MD TI Relationship of tarbush leaf surface terpene profile with livestock herbivory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flourensia cernua; leaf surface chemistry; diet selection; epicuticular wax; monoterpenes; sesquiterpenes ID FLOURENSIA-CERNUA; ANTIHERBIVORE DEFENSE; SECONDARY CHEMISTRY; SELECTIVE HERBIVORY; DEER PREFERENCE; PONDEROSA PINE; SHEEP; VOLATILES; INGESTION; JUNIPER AB Tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) is a Chihuahuan Desert shrub with a resinous leaf surface containing terpenes that may affect livestock herbivory. Cattle, sheep, and goats were densely stocked in paddocks containing tarbush in two consecutive years for six to nine days and defoliation of 160 plants was recorded daily. Plants were categorized as exhibiting high or low defoliation. Leaves were collected from these plants the third year fbr chemical analysis. A selection procedure was used to generate two variable sets closely related to defoliation category. One set contained 14 variables (dry matter, ash, alpha-pinene, sabinene, 3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, camphor, borneol, cis-jasmone, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, ledene, and flourensadiol) and the other set contained 14 unidentified compounds. When subjected to multivariate analysis, each group distinguished between the two defoliation categories (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0019 for known and unknown variable sets, respectively). These data support the hypothesis that leaf surface chemistry of individual tarbush plants is related to extent of defoliation by livestock. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1023/A:1022399426352 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YR564 UT WOS:000071507900001 ER PT J AU Burwash, MD Tobin, ME Woolhouse, AD Sullivan, TP AF Burwash, MD Tobin, ME Woolhouse, AD Sullivan, TP TI Laboratory evaluation of predator odors for eliciting an avoidance response in roof rats (Rattus rattus) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laboratory bioassay; Rattus rattus; roof rats; avoidance behavior; mustelids; anal-gland compounds; red fox urine; feces; Vulpes vulpes; mongoose; Herpestes auropunctatus ID REDUCE FEEDING DAMAGE; BEHAVIOR; VOLES; REPELLENTS; HERBIVORES AB We evaluated eight synthetic predator odors and mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) feces for eliciting avoidance responses and/or reduced feeding by wild captured Hawaiian roof rats (Rattus rattus). In a bioassay arena, we recorded: (1) time until each rat entered the arena, (2) time elapsed until first eating bout, (3) time spent in each half of the arena, (4) number of eating bouts, and (5) consumption. Rats displayed a response to the predator odors in terms of increased elapsed time before initial arena entry and initial eating bout, a lower number of eating bouts, and less food consumption than in the respective control groups. The odor that produced the greatest differences in response relative to the control group was 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane [from red fox (Vulpes vulpes) feces and mustelid anal scent gland]. Mongoose fecal odor produced different responses in four of the five variables measured while (E,Z)-2,4,5-trimethyl-Delta(3)-thiazoline (red fox feces) and 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (red fox urine and feces) odors were different from the control group in three of the five variables measured. These laboratory responses suggest that wild Hawaiian roof rats avoid predator odors. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Fac Forestry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. USDA, Denver Wildlife Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. Ind Res Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Sullivan, TP (reprint author), Appl Mammal Res Inst, 11010 Mitchell Ave,RR 3,Site 46,Comp 18, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 14 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.1023/A:1022384728170 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YR564 UT WOS:000071507900005 ER PT J AU Inbar, M Doostdar, H Sonoda, RM Leibee, GL Mayer, RT AF Inbar, M Doostdar, H Sonoda, RM Leibee, GL Mayer, RT TI Elicitors of plant defensive systems reduce insect densities and disease incidence SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elicitor; induced response; leafminers; pathogenesis-related protein; plant defense; tomatoes; whitefly ID TOMATO PLANTS; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; ARTHROPOD HERBIVORES; INDUCED RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; INDUCTION; CHITINASE; LEAVES; EVENTS; FIELD AB Some elicitors of plant defensive systems can induce biochemical changes that enable the plant to reduce disease incidence; however, little is known about the effect of these induced responses on insect herbivores, We approached this problem using exogenous field applications of several abiotic elicitors of defensive systems in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and evaluated the ability of the elicitors [benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid (S)-methyl ester (BTH, Actigard); Probenazole; chitosan; salicylic acid: KeyPlex 350; KeyPlex DP2; and KeyPlex DP3] to reduce pest densities and to provide cross-resistance against various insect herbivores and pathogens. Only BTH provided cross-resistance and significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria), early blight (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Fulvia fulva), and leafminer larval densities (Liriomyza spp.). The effects on leafminer larval densities were more pronounced during the early stages of plant development. A trend of reduced densities of whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii) and powdery mildew (Oidium sp.), although not significant, was also found on the BTH-treated plants. Other elicitors had no significant effect on insect populations, but Probenazole and KeyPlex 350 significantly reduced bacterial spot and early blight incidence. The antiherbivore effects of BTH on leafminers was confirmed in a laboratory two-choice experiment. Adult leafminers preferred untreated plants to the BTH-treated tomatoes as ovipositioning host plants, generally corresponding with larval performance. BTH induced high levels of pathogenesis-related proteins in tomato plants including peroxidase, lysozymes, chitinase, and beta-1,3-glucanases. The possible cross-resistance role of these proteins is discussed. The demonstration that exogenous induction of plant defensive systems in the field can result in lower damage caused by various pathogens and insects, supports the hypothesis that plant defensive systems may be general. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, AREC, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, CFREC, Sanford, FL 32703 USA. RP Mayer, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2120 Camden Rd, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. NR 37 TC 82 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 10 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1023/A:1022397130895 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YR564 UT WOS:000071507900011 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Manners, GD Gardner, DR AF Ralphs, MH Manners, GD Gardner, DR TI Influence of light and photosynthesis on alkaloid concentration in larkspur SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Delphinium barbeyi; norditerpenoid alkaloids; methyllycaconitine; 14-deacetylnudicauline; environmental stress; shade; diurnal; dark; photosynthesis inhibition; metribuzin; carbon/nutrient balance theory ID GROWTH-DIFFERENTIATION BALANCE; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; TALL LARKSPUR; PLANTS; DEFENSE; LEAVES; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION; SEEDLINGS; TOXICITY AB Concentrations of toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids vary greatly in tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) and may be influenced by environmental stress. We evaluated the effect of shade, darkness, and inhibition of photosynthesis on toxic alkaloid concentration. In plants treated with metribuzin to inhibit photosynthesis, alkaloid concentration increased, but dry weight of the plants decreased as growth ceased, leaving absolute alkaloid content similar to that of control plants. Short-term shade (70% reduction in sunlight for three days), dark treatments from leaves collected at night, and aluminum foil covered leaves all increased alkaloid concentration in comparison to untreated control plants. It appears that absolute amounts of alkaloids remained the same, but the mass of stressed plants declined as nonstructural carbohydrates were depleted, thus increasing the relative concentration of alkaloids. We conclude that norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur do not respond to shortterm light stress. Alkaloid concentration was lower in larkspur plants growing beneath forest canopy and in potted plants in a long-term shade study (70% reduction in sun light for 21 days) than plants growing in open sunlight. Long term shade may have reduced synthesis of norditerpenoid alkaloids, particularly in the earlier developmental stages of the plant. Shade stress or photosynthesis inhibition apparently did not increase norditerpenoid alkaloid synthesis, which contrasts with the carbon/nutrient balance theory of plant defense. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1023/A:1022301331804 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YR564 UT WOS:000071507900013 ER PT J AU Komaragiri, MVS Casper, DP Erdman, RA AF Komaragiri, MVS Casper, DP Erdman, RA TI Factors affecting body tissue mobilization in early lactation dairy cows. 2. Effect of dietary fat on mobilization of body fat and protein SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tissue mobilization; dietary fat; body fat; body protein ID FEEDING PROTECTED TALLOW; MILK-PRODUCTION; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; ENERGY; POSTPARTUM; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; SUPPLEMENTATION; CONCENTRATE; CATTLE; ACIDS AB Twenty-two multiparous Holstein cows were fed either a control diet or a control diet plus 3% added fat (dry matter basis) to determine the effect of added dietary fat on body tissue mobilization and milk production. Body composition measurements were taken using the D2O dilution technique at -2, 5, and 12 wk postpartum. Cows fed added fat produced 2.7 kg/d more milk than did those fed the control diet alone, but milk production, milk composition, and dry matter intake were not affected by diet. The maximum amount of body tissue loss occurred between -2 and 5 wk postpartum when cows fed both diets mobilized 46 kg of body fat and 12 kg of body protein. Between 5 and 12 wk postpartum, only small changes in both body protein and body fat were observed. Even though cows fed added fat showed a tendency toward reduced body fat mobilization (66 kg for cows fed the control diet vs. 37 kg for cows fed the control diet plus added fat) and increased body protein mobilization (4.8 kg for cows fed the control diet vs. 19.5 kg for cows fed the control diet plus added fat), the differences were not significant. Apparent differences in fat mobilization between diets might have been due to initial body fat stores (159 kg for cows fed the control diet vs. 126 kg for cows fed the control diet plus added fat). Across diets, one unit of change in body condition score corresponded to about 55 kg of empty body fat. Supplemental dietary fat did not reduce body tissue mobilization in early lactation. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Energy Metab Unit, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Komaragiri, MVS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 169 EP 175 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZF299 UT WOS:000072883600022 PM 9493092 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR AF Stabel, JR TI Symposium: Biosecurity and disease - Johne's disease: A hidden threat SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Johne's disease; ruminants; control ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS DNA; CROHNS-DISEASE; PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; DAIRY-CATTLE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; FECAL CULTURE; LYMPH-NODES AB Paratuberculosis, which is also known as Johne's disease, is a chronic, progressive enteric disease of ruminants caused by infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Cattle become infected with M. paratuberculosis as calves but often do not develop clinical signs until 2 to 5 yr of age. The clinical disease is characterized by chronic or intermittent diarrhea, emaciation, and death. Although animals with clinical disease are often culled from the herd, animals with subclinical paratuberculosis may cause economic losses because of reduced milk production and poor reproductive performance. Although the economic impact of paratuberculosis on the national. cattle industry has not been determined, it is estimated to exceed $1.5 billion/yr. The diagnosis of subclinical paratuberculosis is difficult. Bacteriologic culture is the most definitive method of diagnosis, but culture is time consuming and labor intensive. Serological assays are not very useful because animals do not develop an antibody response until the clinical stages of disease. Development of assays to measure cell-mediated immunity is critical to accurate detection of paratuberculosis in subclinically infected animals. Although not considered a zoonotic agent, M. paratuberculosis has been identified in intestinal biopsy tissue from patients with Crohn's disease, an inflammatory enteritis in humans. Currently, the potential human health risk is being addressed by research evaluating pasteurization of dairy products in the US. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 62 TC 156 Z9 166 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZF299 UT WOS:000072883600035 PM 9493105 ER PT J AU Harp, JA Goff, JP AF Harp, JA Goff, JP TI Strategies for the control of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; calves; diarrhea ID PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIBODY; OOCYSTS; CELLS; GAMMA; WATER; MICE; MILK; RATS AB Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that is now recognized as one of the leading causes of diarrhea in young calves. To date, there are no drugs or preventive measures available for the control of this disease. We have developed an oral Vaccine that, when given to calves at birth, protects against experimental challenge with C. parvum. However, when field tested on a large dairy operation with heavy endemic C. parvum infection, the vaccine failed to provide protection. The difference in these results is most likely due to uncontrolled early (probably within hours of birth) exposure to C. parvum on the farm versus controlled exposure at 1 wk of age in the experimental trials. The successful control of C. parvum in the field may require vaccines that generate a rapid (within the first few days of life) cell-mediated immune response in the calf. Successful use of such a vaccine will also require improved hygiene and management practices to minimize the exposure of calves to C. parvum in the initial days of life, thus allowing time for protective immune responses to be generated. Careful attention to hygiene in the management of sick calves is also critical to minimize the spread of the parasite to other animals. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Harp, JA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZF299 UT WOS:000072883600036 PM 9493106 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM AF Simmons, AM TI Survey of the parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) in coastal South Carolina using yellow sticky traps SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; Bemisia tabaci strain-B; Encarsia; Eretmocerus; parasitoids; sticky trap; survey ID TABACI GENNADIUS HOMOPTERA; POPULATION-LEVELS; ABUNDANCE; PEANUT AB A survey was conducted to identify which native parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (sweetpotato whitefly strain-B = silverleaf whitefly) are present in coastal South Carolina and to monitor their seasonal abundance. South Carolina is the northern geographic limit of year-round field populations of B. argentifolii in the eastern U.S. Yellow sticky cards were used to monitor the parasitoids. Parasitoid abundance varied over time and among five coastal South Carolina sweetpotato field locations where pesticide was not used. Five species of parasitoids were found (Encarsia pergandiella, E. nigricephala, E. strenua, E. quaintancei, and Eretmocerus sp.). The most abundant species were E. nigricephala and E. pergandiella (89% in 1993; 70% in 1994). No parasitoid fauna of B. argentifolii had heretofore been reported from fields in South Carolina. This background information will aid in developing a biological control component in a management strategy for B. argentifolii. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZB205 UT WOS:000072447100002 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Morrison, RK Nordlund, DA King, EG AF Greenberg, SM Morrison, RK Nordlund, DA King, EG TI A review of the scientific literature and methods for production of factitious hosts for use in mass rearing of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) in the former Soviet Union, the United States, Western Europe and China SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Trichogramma; factitious hosts; mass rearing; mechanization of rearing processes AB Trichogramma spp. are important biological control agents for lepidopterous pests. Insectaries for mass rearing them, using factitious hosts, have been constructed in many countries. Selection of factitious hosts is based on the simplicity of their mass production, mechanization of rearing processes, and cost of production compared to that of utilizing target pest eggs. Scientific literature and personal experiences with the techniques used for production of factitious hosts for Trichogramma spp. in the former Soviet Union, the United States, Western Europe, and China are presented. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 15 EP 32 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZB205 UT WOS:000072447100003 ER PT J AU Dix, ME Baxendale, F AF Dix, ME Baxendale, F TI Arthropods on pine foliage in urban landscapes SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE urban landscapes; windbreaks; turfgrass; biological control; predators; parasites C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Dix, ME (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZB205 UT WOS:000072447100012 ER PT J AU Moore, PA Daniel, TC Gilmour, JT Shreve, BR Edwards, DR Wood, BH AF Moore, PA Daniel, TC Gilmour, JT Shreve, BR Edwards, DR Wood, BH TI Decreasing metal runoff from poultry litter with aluminum sulfate SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; BROILER LITTER; PHOSPHORUS; COPPER; ZINC; BIOAVAILABILITY; SOLUBILITY; CADMIUM; QUALITY AB Aluminum sulfate [Al-2(SO4)(3) . 14H(2)O] applications to poultry litter can greatly reduce P concentrations in runoff from fields fertilized with poultry litter, as well as decrease NH, volatilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate metal runoff from plots fertilized with varying rates of alum-treated and untreated (normal) poultry litter. Alum-treated (10% alum by weight) and untreated litter was broadcast applied to small plots in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb,), Litter application rates were 0, 2.24, 4.49, 6.73, and 8.98 Mg ha(-1) (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 tons acre(-1)). Rainfall simulators were used to produce two runoff events, immediately after litter application and 7 d later. Both concentrations and loads of water-soluble metals increased linearly with litter application rates, regardless of litter type. Alum treatment reduced concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, and Zn, relative to untreated litter, whereas it increased Ca and Mg, Copper concentrations in runoff water from untreated litter mere extremely high (up to 1 mg Cu L-1), indicating a potential water quality problem. Soluble Al, K, and Na concentrations were not significantly affected by the type of litter. Reductions in trace metal runoff due to alum appeared to be related to the concentration of soluble organic C (SOC), as well as the affinity of SOC for trace metals. Metal runoff from alum-treated litter is less likely to cause environmental problems than untreated litter, since threats to the aquatic environment by Ca and Mg are far less than those posed by As, Cu, and Zn. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Moore, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 28 TC 145 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT805 UT WOS:000071646800014 ER PT J AU Stout, WL Sharpley, AN Pionke, HB AF Stout, WL Sharpley, AN Pionke, HB TI Reducing soil phosphorus solubility with coal combustion by-products SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; ADSORPTION; GYPSUM; RUNOFF; CORN; ASH AB In the northeast USA, most soil samples analyzed for soil test P (STP) in 1990 exceeded P Levels needed for plant production, Converting soil P to less soluble forms with applications of materials containing lime or Ca may reduce the release of soil P to runoff, We investigated the effect of several coal combustion by-products on STP (Bray-l and Mehlich-III), water extractable P, and equilibrium P concentration (EPC0) of high P soils, Three widely available hy-products were used: fluidized bed combustion flyash (FBC), flue gas desulfurization by-product (FGD), and pulverized coal flyash (PC). In a by-product type and rate experiment, a Berks soil with high STP was incubated for 21 d with each by-product (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 g kg soil(-1)), The highest rates of FBC and FGD reduced Mehlich-III P (45%), Bray-I P (50%), water extractable P (72%) and EPC0 (37%). The PC had no effect on soil P solubility due to the addition of P with this by-product, For eight soils ranging in physical and chemical properties, FBC at 10 g kg soil(-1) reduced Mehlich-III P 13%, and water-extractable P 71%, while FGD reduced Mehlich-III P 8% and water-extractable P 48%, These reductions resulted from the conversion of readily desorbable soil P to less soluble Ca-bound or Al-and Fe-bound pools. Amending high P soils with FBC or FGD by-products has the potential to reduce P enrichment of runoff by decreasing the solubility of soil P without reducing STP below optimum levels for plant growth. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stout, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ws1@psu.edu NR 42 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT805 UT WOS:000071646800016 ER PT J AU Jacinthe, PA Groffman, PM Gold, AJ Mosier, A AF Jacinthe, PA Groffman, PM Gold, AJ Mosier, A TI Patchiness in microbial nitrogen transformations in groundwater in a riparian forest SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; NITRATE REMOVAL; DENITRIFICATION; SOILS; AVAILABILITY; EXTRACTS; AQUIFER; OXIDE; WATER AB We measured microbial N transformations in 15 cm diam, by 40 cm intact horizontal sections of aquifer material (mesocosms), taken from a riparian forest in Rhode Island, USA, incubated under ambient conditions. The mesocosms allowed us to measure these transformations on the same scale as hydrologic tracer methods (Br-/NO3- ratios) that measure net NO3- removal, Our objective was to reconcile discrepancies between hydrologic tracer and microbial measurements in previous studies where laboratory-based microbial NO3- consumption measurements mere much lower than in situ hydrologic measurements of net NO3- removal. We hypothesized that small "patches" of organic matter in the aquifer matrix, which are easily missed when sampling for microbial measurements, are "hotspots" of NO3- removal and are responsible for these discrepancies. Mesocosms were subjected to three treatments [Br- only, Br- + (NO3-)-N-15, Br- + (NO3-)-N-15 + dissolved organic carbon (DOC)]. Solution (NH4+, NO3-, dissolved organic N) and gaseous (N2O, (N2O)-N-15, and N-15(2)) inputs and outputs to the mesocosms were measured over a 132-d incubation, followed by destructive sampling for the presence of patches and residual N-15 in aquifer matrix and patch material, Total (gross) NO3- consumption by denitrification and immobilization was greater than net removal of NO3- measured by Br-/NO3- ratios. Net NO3- consumption was only observed in mesocosms that contained "patches" of organic matter and was not increased by addition of DOG, suggesting that these patches, which represent <1% of aquifer weight, are critical to groundwater NO3- removal in riparian forests. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM capg@vm.marist.edu NR 38 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 156 EP 164 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT805 UT WOS:000071646800022 ER PT J AU Lasat, MM Fuhrmann, M Ebbs, SD Cornish, JE Kochian, LV AF Lasat, MM Fuhrmann, M Ebbs, SD Cornish, JE Kochian, LV TI Phytoremediation of a radiocesium-contaminated soil: Evaluation of cesium-137 bioaccumulation in the shoots of three plant species SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CROPS; WHEAT; AVAILABILITY; KINETICS AB A field study was conducted to investigate the potential of three plant species for phytoremediation of a Cs-137-contaminated site. Approximately 40-fold more Cs-137 was removed from the contaminated soil in shoots of red root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) than in those of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern] and tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), The greater potential for Cs-137 removal from the soil by A. retroflexus was associated with both high concentration of Cs-137 in shoots and high shoot biomass production. Approximately 3% of the total Cs-137 was removed from the top 15 cm of the soil (which contained most of the soil radiocesium) in shoots of 3-mo-old A, retroflexus plants. Soil leaching tests conducted with 0.1 and 0.5 M NH4NO3 solutions eluted as much as 15 and 19%, respectively, of the soil Cs-137, Addition of NH4NO3 to the soil, however, had no positive effect on Cs-137 accumulation in shoots in any of the species investigated. It is proposed that either NH4NO3 solution quickly percolated through the soil before interacting at specific Cs-137 binding sites or radiocesium mobilized by NH?NO, application moved below the rhizosphere, becoming unavailable for root uptake. Further research is required to optimize the phytotransfer of the NH4NO3-mobilized Cs-137. With two croppings of A. retroflexus per year and a sustained rate of extraction, phytoremediation of this Cs-137-contaminated soil appears feasible in <15 yr. C1 Cornell Univ, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Technol Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MSE Technol Applicat Inc, Butte, MT 59702 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lvk1@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Ebbs, Stephen/0000-0003-4042-9234 NR 24 TC 71 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT805 UT WOS:000071646800023 ER PT J AU Eigenberg, RA Korthals, RL Nienaber, JA AF Eigenberg, RA Korthals, RL Nienaber, JA TI Geophysical electromagnetic survey methods applied to agricultural waste sites SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY-DEPTH RELATIONS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB This paper reports the use of electromagnetic (EM) instrumentation for surveying agronomic and waste treatment sites at locations previously profiled by soil coring for evaluation of nutrients in the soil profile. Surveys were made using a geophysical EM instrument capable of measuring conductivity 3 to 6 m below the surface of the ground with horizontal or vertical polarization. Two specific sites were analyzed to evaluate the effects of management practices: (i) An animal waste composting site with one section in use since 1985 and with expanded operation to another section in 1989 and (ii) A waste storage pond (operational in 1973) holding precipitation runoff from a cattle feedlot. Correlation analysis between the EM conductivity measurements and chemical analysis at both sites (concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, CL-, and P) show significant (P < 0.05) correlations for the ions while P did not show a significant correlation. The Ehl measures were able to distinguish the 6-yr-old site from the 10-yr-old site (P < 0.05). The results indicate that EM methods provide useful information for shallow subsurface surveys of livestock waste management facilities. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT805 UT WOS:000071646800030 ER PT J AU Horwath, WR Elliott, LF Steiner, JJ Davis, JH Griffith, SM AF Horwath, WR Elliott, LF Steiner, JJ Davis, JH Griffith, SM TI Denitrification in cultivated and noncultivated riparian areas of grass cropping systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL-VARIATION; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; SOILS; MINERALIZATION; RESIDUES; NITROGEN; RYEGRASS; LEGUME; CARBON; FOREST AB The factors that affect denitrification of fertilizer N were determined in cultivated riparian (CR) soils cropped to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and noncultivated naturally vegetated riparian soils (NCR) of poorly drained grass cropping systems in western Oregon, Denitrification activity in the NCR was low compared with the CR using the Acetylene Inhibition method. The CR soil denitrification activity was consistent over the growing season, averaging between 269 and 280 g N2O-N ha(-1) d(-1) during the measurement period depending on soil type. Denitrification activity was positively correlated to soil NH4-N level in the CR. The greater denitrification activity of the CR likely reflects fertilizer applications in contrast to no fertilizer addition to the NCR. Nitrate-N levels in the CR averaged 5 to 12 times higher than those of the NCR. Nitrate did not appear to encroach from the CR into the NCR by subsurface water movement. The microbial biomass was four times larger in the NCR soils and may have functioned as a significant sink for N reducing denitrification activity, Multivariate factor analysis using orthogonal factor rotation showed that approximately 83% of the observed variance in denitrification was explained by grouping experimental variables by microbial activity, N2O-N emission, temperature, and nitrification. The grouping of soil variables was useful in explaining the importance of different soil processes in regulating denitrification. These denitrification activity data demonstrate the possibility for significant N losses, amounting to 12.5% of the applied fertilizer N, from poorly drained cropping systems. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Horwath, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT805 UT WOS:000071646800032 ER PT J AU Chan, ASK Prueger, JH Parkin, TB AF Chan, ASK Prueger, JH Parkin, TB TI Comparison of closed-chamber and Bowen-Ratio methods for determining methane flux from peatland surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; MINNESOTA PEATLANDS; FIELD MEASUREMENT; SOIL; EMISSION; GASES; LAYER AB Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas, and it has been estimated that 50% of annual CH4 comes from terrestrial systems. Better and more accurate methods are needed to quantify CH4 flux from terrestrial environments. Two general methods commonly applied to measure trace gas fluxes are soil cover (chamber) techniques, and micrometeorology methods. Both of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, get little information is available concerning the relative performance of the techniques. This study was conducted to compare CH4 flux measurements obtained by using a closed-chamber soil cover technique and a micrometeorological method (Bowen-ratio Energy Balance [BREB]). Methane flux rates obtained by both methods were compared using nine time points over 3 d at a peatland site in north central Minnesota. Mean CH4 fluxes obtained by both methods were of the same magnitude (2.43-5.88 mg CH4 m(-2) h(-1)); however, differences were observed in the magnitudes of temporal variability as well as the detection sensitivities (minimum detectable flux). The minimum detectable flux for the closed-chamber method was 9.32 x 10(-2) mg CH4 m(-2) h(-1), while the minimum detectable flux for the BREB method ranged from 2.16 to 25.5 mg CH4 m(-2) h(-1). Due to analytical uncertainties associated with gas chromatographic determination of CH4 gradients, the BREB is not recommended. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM parkin@nstl.gov NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 232 EP 239 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT805 UT WOS:000071646800033 ER PT J AU Warthen, JD Mitchell, ER Harte, EM AF Warthen, JD Mitchell, ER Harte, EM TI Laboratory release rate studies of Shin-Etsu, freshly manufactured versus cold-stored, fresh pheromone ropes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pheromone ropes; diamondback moth; cabbage looper; gravimetric analysis; GC analysis AB The release rates of freshly manufactured and cold-stored, fresh Shin-Etsu diamondback moth pheromone ropes were studied. These rates were identical at 50 degrees C with 100 ml/min air flow for 360+ hours. Gravimetric analyses at the end of exposure showed <1 mg of formulation in the well of the rope with 19.6 and 9.4% of the theoretical amount present in the total rope for lots 69025 and 41104, respectively. Gas chromatographic (GC) analyses showed 0.2% Z-11-hexadecenal and 0.3% Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate reside entirely in the wall of the ropes for each lot and none in the wens. The release rates of freshly manufactured and cold-scored, fresh Shin-Etsu diamondback moth/cabbage looper pheromone ropes were also studied. These rates were nearly identical at 50 degrees C and 100 ml/min air flow for 360+ hours. Gravimetric analyses at the end of exposure showed <3 mg of formulation in the well of the rope with 20.0 and 20.3% of the theoretical amount present in the total rope for lots 69024 and 5Y044, respectively. GC analyses showed <0.1 mg of any pheromone component in the well of either lot and overall 0.1% Z-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate, 2.6% Z-11-hexadecenal, and 7.0% Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate of the theoretical amount in the total rope for 69025 and 0.1% Z-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate, 1.1% Z-11-hexadecenal, and 3.5% Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate of the theoretical amount in the total rope for 5Y044. Cold-storage of Shin-Etsu pheromone ropes for extended periods up to several years does not seem to be detrimental to the release of pheromonal components versus release from freshly manufactured ropes. Release rates of pheromonal components seem to be the same under laboratory conditions for freshly manufactured versus cold-stored, fresh ropes. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Behav Ecol & Reprod Res, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Warthen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 701 EP 714 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 101NM UT WOS:000074875100001 ER PT J AU Rizzuti, AM Cohen, AD Hunt, PG Vanotti, MB AF Rizzuti, AM Cohen, AD Hunt, PG Vanotti, MB TI Testing of peats for removal of odors from liquid swine manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE peat; liquid swine manure; odor removal; hogs ID HOG MANURE; AERATION; WATER; ABILITY; STORAGE; SLURRY AB This paper reports on research designed to investigate the capacities of different kinds of peat to remove odor-causing compounds from liquid swine manure (LSM). Two experiments were conducted. In experiment #1, five different peat types (both wet and dry) representing a wide range of properties were tested. Eight percent slurries (of peat/LSM) were measured for odor changes at 6, 24, and 96 hours using odor panel and GC/FID analysis. Experiment #2 was designed to determine more precisely the kinds of odor-causing compounds that were changing during treatment. Two extremely different wet peat types were tested in 8 percent slurries after 24 hours of treatment. Odor changes were evaluated using both an odor panel and GC/MS, head-space, solid-phase, microextraction (HSM). The GC/FID and odor panel results indicated that wet peats were much more effective in removing odor-causing compounds from LSM than were dry pests. Wet pests significantly reduced the LSM odor intensity after 6 hours of treatment, and completely eliminated odors after the 24 hour treatment. The results from the GC/MS HSM method (experiment #2) confirmed the results from experiment #1 and also, allowed us to more precisely identify the specific odor-causing compounds being reduced and to distinguish specific changes in these compounds between peat types. Of the 23 malodorous compounds identified in experiment #2, all showed significant reductions; however, one peat was better at reducing 10 of these, while the wet North Carolina peat was better at reducing 9 others. These results suggest that improvements in odor removal efficiency and costs can be achieved by selection of specific peat types for a specific LSM site. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Rizzuti, AM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 1998 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1719 EP 1739 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 143GN UT WOS:000077247000012 ER PT J AU Cox, L Koskinen, WC Yen, PY AF Cox, L Koskinen, WC Yen, PY TI Influence of soil properties on sorption-desorption of imidacloprid SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE sorption; desorption; imidacloprid; soils ID CROPS AB Sorption-desorption studies of imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine) were conducted using the batch equilibration method with seven U.S. soils varying in their physicochemical properties. Initial imidacloprid concentrations ranged from 3 to 300 mu g L-1. Sorption coefficients K-f and the soil properties organic carbon and CEC gave the higher single correlation coefficients; the latter due to the positive correlation between OC and CEC. Sorption was irreversible and desorption hysteresis in general was greater at low soil solution concentrations. K-f values were lower at 1:5 soil:solution ratio than at 1:1, suggesting a possible effect of a soluble soil component, such as salt concentration, on sorption; no significant differences in pH between solutions were detected. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Bayer Corp, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. RP Cox, L (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; OI , LUCIA/0000-0003-2113-4780 NR 11 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 18 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1080/03601239809373134 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZD238 UT WOS:000072665200001 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Schrader, KK Locke, MA AF Zablotowicz, RM Schrader, KK Locke, MA TI Algal transformation of fluometuron and atrazine by N-dealkylation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE algae; atrazine; biodegradation; fluometuron ID SELENASTRUM-CAPRICORNUTUM; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; GROWTH; WATER AB The potential for C-14-fluometuron (N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylurea]) degradation in unialgal cultures of 15 strains of green algae and 2 species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) was investigated. Eight of 15 algal strains (Ankistrodesmus, Chlorella, Pediastrum, Scenedesmus and Scenedesmus species) metabolized fluometuron via N-demethylation to desmethyl fluometuron. The highest fluometuron-demethylation activity was observed in the genera Ankistrodesmus (A. falcatus and A. cf. nannoselene) and Selenastrum (S. capricornutum, S. gracile and S. minutum) with complete sequential demethylation to trifluoromethylphenylurea observed in certain strains. Low levels of fluometuron-demethylating activity in certain algal strains may be due to herbicide toxicity. Algal strains (Ankistrodesmus and Selenastrum sp.) that metabolize fluometuron via N-demethylation also transform the herbicide atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) by N-dealkylation to deethylatrazine, however this activity is several-fold lower than fluometuron-demethylation activity. Our study indicates that algae have the potential to contribute to herbicide transformations in aquatic environments via N-dealkylation transformations. C1 ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 511 EP 528 DI 10.1080/03601239809373160 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120KC UT WOS:000075954700001 ER PT J AU Lydon, J Darlington, L AF Lydon, J Darlington, L TI Herbicide residues in leaves of Erythroxylum coca var coca plants treated with soil-applied tebuthiuron and hexazinone SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE coca chewing; health risk; cocaine ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METABOLITES; VEGETATION AB The herbicide residue levels in leaves of Erythroxylum coca var. coca Lam. plants treated with soil applications of tebuthiuron and hexazinone at 3.36 and 6.72 kg a.i. ha(-1) were determined in order to estimate the potential for human exposure to these residues from consuming the leaves or cocaine produced from them. Field-grown plants were treated with a commercial formulation of tebuthiuron or hexazinone and leaves were harvested at the first indication of herbicide injury (i.e. chlorosis and/or necrosis) and at the onset of leaf abscission. Herbicide residues were detected by HPLC in leaf samples from both harvests of all plants treated with tebuthiuron or hexazinone. At 3.36 kg ha(-1), herbicide residues in the leaves were less than 2 mu g g(-1) dry wt. for both harvests of both experiments. The highest residue levels detected were 5.90 mu g g(-1) dry wt. for tebuthiuron and 7.17 mu g g(-1) dry wt, for hexazinone in leaves from plants treated with the herbicide at the rate of 6.72 kg ha(-1) and harvested at the onset of leaf drop. Based on published toxicity data and estimates of leaf consumption, the herbicide residues in leaves off. coca var. coca plants treated with tebuthiuron or hexazinone at twice the recommended control rates or less would have a negligible contribution to the health risks of individuals who chew coca leaves. Furthermore, based on the most conservative estimates of cocaine yield and herbicide carry over, death by cocaine overdose would occur long before the NOEL for either herbicide was reached. C1 ARS, Weed Sci Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lydon, J (reprint author), ARS, Weed Sci Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 581 EP 594 DI 10.1080/03601239809373164 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120KC UT WOS:000075954700005 PM 9731307 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Watts, DW AF Novak, JM Watts, DW TI Pesticide concentration variations correlated with well bore volume removal in shallow coastal plain ground water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE pesticides; well bore volume; purging AB The effects of well bore volume removal (V-n) on the concentration of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxy methyl) acetamide] and prometon (6-methoxy-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] in ground water obtained from three monitoring wells installed in the Coastal Plain region of North Carolina was investigated. Seasonal effects were also investigated by conducting the exercise in February and May. In the majority of cases, the lowest pesticide concentrations occurred in the initial well bore volume (V-1 = stagnant water). Removal of additional well bore volumes (V-2 to V-10) from two of the wells resulted in pesticide concentrations that did not vary substantially. This indicates that a representative aquifer sample was obtainable, in most cases from these wells, after removal of the initial well bore volume. In contrast, a third well required the purging of two well bare volumes before a stable alachlor concentration was achieved. Seasonal effects of bore volume removal vs. pesticide concentrations for the three wells were not significant (P > 0.05). It was concluded that a protocol for improved accuracy in pesticide analyses of ground water can be obtained by establishing a pesticide concentration-purging (well bore volume) relationship for each well. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 609 EP 621 DI 10.1080/03601239809373166 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120KC UT WOS:000075954700007 PM 9731308 ER PT J AU Dickens, JC Callahan, FE Wergin, WP Murphy, CA Vogt, RG AF Dickens, JC Callahan, FE Wergin, WP Murphy, CA Vogt, RG TI Intergeneric distribution and immunolocalization of a putative odorant-binding protein in true bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE olfaction; odorant-binding protein; insect; immunogold labeling; microwave fixation; sensilla; incomplete metamorphosis; exopterygote; Miridae; Lygus lineolaris ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; ANTENNAL-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; PHEROMONE-BINDING; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; ANTHERAEA-POLYPHEMUS; OLFACTORY SENSILLA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MANDUCA-SEXTA; MOTH ANTENNAE AB Lygus antennal protein (LAP) is an olfactory-related protein of the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Miridae), a hemimetabolous insect, In previous work, a polyclonal antiserum was generated against the N-terminal sequence of LAP; LAP immunoreactivity was strongest in antennae of adult males, but was also present in antennae of adult females and of nymphs, In the current study, LAP immunoreactivity was examined to determine the species specificity and the tissue and cellular localization of LAP expression, Western blot analysis indicated that LAP immunoreactivity was present in the antennae of the male congeners L, lineolaris and L, hesperous, but was not detectable in male antennae of the more distant relatives Podisus maculiventris or Nezara viridula (Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), Western blot analysis further confirmed that LAP expression was restricted to antennal tissue, Histological analyses showed that LAP expression within the antennae was specifically associated with chemosensory sensilla on the antenna, Within the sensilla, LAP immunoreactivity was distributed throughout the extracellular lumen and was concentrated in dense granules within the cytoplasm of sensillar support cells. LAP immunoreactivity was restricted to a subset of antennal chemosensory sensilla, specifically the multiporous olfactory sensilla, These findings suggest that LAP has an important olfactory function in Lygus sp., possibly related to that of odorant-binding proteins (OBP) found in other insect orders, If so, LAP would be the first OBP-like protein characterized outside the Endopterygota. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Nematol Lab,Electron Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC-00588] NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 201 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YU156 UT WOS:000071687900004 PM 9390934 ER PT J AU Gilbert, GA Gadush, MV Wilson, C Madore, MA AF Gilbert, GA Gadush, MV Wilson, C Madore, MA TI Amino acid accumulation in sink and source tissues of Coleus blumei Benth. during salinity stress SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE salinity stress; Coleus blumei; carbon partitioning; amino acids; compatible solutes ID ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; ARGININE-BIOSYNTHESIS; VARIEGATED LEAVES; DROUGHT STRESS; TRANSPORT; SEEDLINGS; PATTERNS; NITRATE; PHLOEM; SAP AB The purpose of this study was to analyse the accumulation of amino acid in source and sink tissues of variegated Coleus blumei Benth, leaves during an extended exposure to salinity stress, The imposed stress resulted in a reduction in shoot height and leaf size, as well as a reduction in total protein and nitrogen content in both the sink and source tissues, At the same time, accumulation of low molecular weight nitrogen-containing compounds in Coleus leaves was observed, which peaked within the first 10 d of exposure to salinity, and then declined, but remained slightly elevated for the remainder of the study, A number of amino acids were found to accumulate in both the sink and source tissues, including arginine, asparagine, and serine, A larger proportion of asparagine and less arginine was observed in the sink tissue than the source tissue of the salinity-stressed plants, This difference may reflect the mobility of these compounds in the phloem, No proline was found to accumulate in either the source or sink tissue during the exposure to salinity, From the pulse-chase labelling of stressed Coleus leaves it can deduced that some of the observed accumulation of amino acids and amides observed is due to de novo synthesis and not simply the result of protein degradation. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gilbert, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 27 TC 73 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 318 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1093/jexbot/49.318.107 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YV420 UT WOS:000071821200015 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT Eblen, S Laubauch, C AF Rajkowski, KT Eblen, S Laubauch, C TI Efficacy of washing and sanitizing trailers used for swine transport in reduction of Salmonella and Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION; TRANSMISSION; TYPHIMURIUM; POULTRY; WATER; PIGS AB Healthy pigs can carry Salmonella in their intestine and may shed this pathogen because of stresses incurred during transportation contaminating trailer floors and bedding material. If not cleaned and sanitized between trips, trailers and bedding have the potential to infect other farms, the abattoir environment, or other animals with Salmonella. Floors and bedding material from pig trailers were sampled to determine the efficacy of the abattoir-developed washing and sanitizing regime on the level of Salmonella before and after a single haul. Escherichia coli levels were an indicator of high contamination. The study also determined the effect of ambient temperature (during four seasons) and of the distance the pigs traveled in the haulers (>500 miles or <500 miles) on bacterial levels. Salmonella was isolated from 80% of the bedding material tested. Of the 188 floor samples taken, 41.5% were positive for Salmonella before washing, and 2.7% were positive after washing and sanitizing. E. coli was isolated from all bedding material and floor samples before washing, but washing and sanitizing significantly decreased levels (P < 0.05) by 2 logs. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the number of Salmonella-or E. coli-positive trailers attributable to distance traveled or season of the year. These results demonstrate that washing and sanitizing the trailers after each load significantly reduced levels of Salmonella and its possible spread by the contaminated trailer and bedding, which ultimately could promote improvement in food safety. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. Hatfield Inc, Hatfield, PA USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 61 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YU891 UT WOS:000071766500006 PM 9708249 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Brown, RL Lax, AR Cleveland, TE Russin, JS Widstrom, NW AF Guo, BZ Brown, RL Lax, AR Cleveland, TE Russin, JS Widstrom, NW TI Protein profiles and antifungal activities of kernel extracts from corn genotypes resistant and susceptible to Aspergillus flavus SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MAIZE KERNELS; AFLATOXIN; ELECTROPHORESIS; PURIFICATION; REGISTRATION; EXPRESSION; INFECTION AB Mechanisms of resistance to infection by the fungus Aspergillus flavus and accumulation of aflatoxin were studied in kernels of resistant (GT-MAS:gk, Mp420) and susceptible (Pioneer 3154, Deltapine G-4666) corn genotypes. Proteins from kernel extracts of corn genotypes were analyzed by several methods of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Consistent differences in protein profiles were detected among genotypes. Several proteins were unique to or present in greater concentration in resistant genotypes, whereas others were present only in susceptible genotypes. Extracts of resistant kernels showed markedly greater antifungal activity against A. flavus than did susceptible kernel extracts. Results from the present study suggest a role for kernel proteins in resistance to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination in corn genotypes GT-MAS:gk and Mp420. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Resistance Germplasm Enhancement Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Resistance Germplasm Enhancement Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM bguo@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 31 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 61 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YU891 UT WOS:000071766500017 PM 9708260 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Holt, PS TI Supplementing pools of egg contents with broth culture media to improve rapid detection of Salmonella enteritidis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SHELL EGGS; HENS; RECOVERY; CONTAMINATION; GROWTH; FLOCKS; ELISA AB Culturing egg contents to detect Salmonella enteritidis (SE) has become an important tool for identifying infected laying flocks and thereby reducing the transmission of SE to humans by contaminated eggs. The present study evaluated the efficacy of supplementing incubating egg pools with selective and nonselective enrichment broth media (prepared at higher than usual concentrations) for rapidly isolating SE by a direct plating culture method. When 100-ml pools of liquid whole egg from a mixture of 60 egg contents were contaminated with approximately 10 SE cells each, supplementation with ferrous sulfate or with concentrates of either tryptone soya broth or Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth significantly improved SE recovery. When 100-ml egg-contents pools were contaminated with approximately 2 SE cells each, the addition of concentrated tryptone soya broth to incubating egg pools resulted in significantly better SE recovery than did iron supplementation. Efficient presumptive detection of very low incidences and levels of SE contamination by direct plating was thus accomplished in a total of 48 h by adding concentrated tryptone soya broth to incubating egg pools. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 61 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YU891 UT WOS:000071766500019 PM 9708262 ER PT J AU Pensabene, JW Fiddler, W Donoghue, DJ AF Pensabene, JW Fiddler, W Donoghue, DJ TI Supercritical fluid extraction compared with solvent method for incurred sulfamethazine in chicken eggs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid; extraction; eggs; sulfamethazine ID RESIDUES; MEAT AB To obtain eggs containing "normally incurred" surfamethazine (SMZ), 10 hens were fed a single dose of 75 mg/kg SMZ by capsule. The amount of SMZ in some of the eggs (n = 21) was determined by two extraction methods, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and solvent extraction. The mean SMZ values ranged from 0.10 to 0.78 ppm, with an overall mean of 0.32 ppm and no difference (p>0.05) was found between the methods. However, SFE provided a distinct advantage over other methods since the amount of sample manipulation and solvent use and disposal was minimal. Determination of SMZ in the normally incurred eggs over an 8-day period by SFE showed that levels reached a maximum after the first day, then declined slowly. However, SMZ exceeding 0.10 ppm still occurred 5 days after dosing. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Div Anim Res, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Pensabene, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 63 IS 1 BP 25 EP 26 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15667.x PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YZ937 UT WOS:000072310100010 ER PT J AU Hsu, WJ Berhow, M Robertson, GH Hasegawa, S AF Hsu, WJ Berhow, M Robertson, GH Hasegawa, S TI Limonoids and flavonoids in juices of Oroblanco and Melogold grapefruit hybrids SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE limonoid glucosides; flavonoids; Oroblanco; Melogold ID BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOGENESIS; CITRUS LIMONOIDS; LIMONIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; FRUIT-GROWTH; BY-PRODUCTS; GLUCOSIDES; NARINGIN; ORANGE; BIOSYNTHESIS; MATURATION AB Oroblanco and Melogold are hybrids obtained from pummelo and grapefruit. Limonoids and flavonoids in both juices were analyzed, Oroblanco and Melogold juices contained low concentrations of limonoid glucosides, an average of 99 and 59 ppm, respectively. However, they contained relatively high concentrations of bitter limonoid aglycones, limonin and nomilin, at levels above the limonin bitterness threshold. For comparison, limonoid glucosides in juices of grapefruit, another pummelo hybrid, were also analyzed, Limonin glucoside was the major limonoid glucoside in all juices analyzed. Nomilin glucoside and nomilinic acid glucosides were also present, Oroblanco and Melogold juices contained bitter flavonoids normally found in grapefruit and pummelo including naringin; neohesperidin and poncerin in total amount of 440 ppm in Oroblanco juice and 495 ppm in Melogold juice, They also contained several other nonbitter flavonoids found in grapefruit. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 63 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15675.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YZ937 UT WOS:000072310100018 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP Holsinger, VH AF Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP Holsinger, VH TI Properties of single- and double-encapsulated butteroil powders SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE butteroil; milkfat; encapsulation; double coating ID MILKFAT; MICROENCAPSULATION; STABILITY; FLOW AB Spray-dried powders with 50% butteroil encapsulated in sucrose were double-encapsulated by dispersion in a molten matrix of vegetable waxes (high-pressure-treated by a patented process)followed by pressure treating at 414 KPa and sieving. A 20-40% increase in particle size resulted from double encapsulation and powders were less flowable (P < 0.01). Scanning Electron Microscopy of double-encapsulated powders showed one or more sucrose-encapsulated particles embedded in a matrix of solid vegetable wax. Double coating reduced moisture uptake by 20%, possibly ameliorating the need for special packaging during storage. The flow and mechanical behavior of the encapsulated powders were different (P < 0.05) from the other powders studied. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 63 IS 1 BP 100 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15685.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YZ937 UT WOS:000072310100028 ER PT J AU Hagenmaier, RD Baker, RA AF Hagenmaier, RD Baker, RA TI Microbial population of shredded carrot in modified atmosphere packaging as related to irradiation treatment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carrot; irradiation; minimally processed ID FRESH; EAT AB Shredded carrots in modified atmosphere packaging were treated with low-dose irradiation of 0.5 kGy in order to determine whether additional reduction of microbial population would be achieved for carrots previously treated with chlorine. Commercially prepared shredded carrots treated with irradiation had a mean microbial population of 1300 CFU/g at the expiration date (9 days after irradiation) compared with 87,000 CFU/g for nonirradiated, chlorinated controls. Oxygen content of the headspace gas and ethanol content of the carrots were not significantly affected. Irradiation appears to be a suitable technology for shredded carrots. C1 ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, S Atlantic Area, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. RP Hagenmaier, RD (reprint author), ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, S Atlantic Area, POB 1909, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 63 IS 1 BP 162 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15700.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YZ937 UT WOS:000072310100043 ER PT J AU Ledig, FT Vargas-Hernandez, JJ Johnsen, KH AF Ledig, FT Vargas-Hernandez, JJ Johnsen, KH TI The conservation of forest genetic resources: Case histories from Canada, Mexico, and the United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID PINUS-RADIATA; INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY AB Genetic diversity in forest trees is best conserved in native populations. However, natural populations are threatened by many factors, eliminating valuable but often cryptic genetic resources. Gene banks (seed banks, plantations, or clonal archives) provide a prudent backup for breeders and ecological restorers should native populations be lost. Ottawa Valley white spruce, Guadalupe Island pine, and Torrey pine are examples of the value of gene banks in the conservation of forest genetic resources. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Colegio Postgrad Ciencias Agr, Inst Recursos Nat, Programa Forestal, Montecillo, Mexico. Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB, Canada. RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. OI Vargas-Hernandez, J. Jesus/0000-0001-7422-4953 NR 59 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 96 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YP388 UT WOS:000071271900007 ER PT J AU Deneke, FJ AF Deneke, FJ TI Forestry: An evolution of consciousness SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Cooperat Forestry, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Deneke, FJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Cooperat Forestry, 201 14th St SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 96 IS 1 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YP388 UT WOS:000071271900010 ER PT J AU Gan, JY Yates, SR AF Gan, JY Yates, SR TI Recapturing and decomposing methyl bromide in fumigation effluents SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide; fumigation; activated carbon; ozone depletion ID ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL AB Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is an important fumigant for treating agricultural produce and structures, but emissions during fumigation may contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion and impose hazardous effects on human health. A method is described that uses activated carbon to recover CH3Br from air streams, and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) to degrade the recovered CH3Br to relatively nontoxic Br-. Degradation of carbon-adsorbed CH3Br in Na2S2O3 solution was completed in less than 9 h at room temperature (20 degrees C). In simulated pilot experiments, two coconut-based activated carbons trapped CH3Br up to 15% of the weight of carbon, while an excessive molar amount of Na2S2O3 in solution completely converted the CH3Br to Br overnight. The reaction products, Br- and sodium methylthiosulfate (NaCH3S2O3), are freely soluble in water, non-corrosive, non-volatile and low in toxicity. Solutions containing 1% of these products may be disposed of directly into the drain according to current environmental regulations, which allows the spent carbon to be regenerated simply by rinsing in water and drying at a moderate temperature. Carbons recycled in this manner showed similar capacities in adsorbing CH3Br as the unused carbons. The reported approach is environmentally-compatible and low in cost, and is especially suitable for on-site application. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gan, JY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 57 IS 1-3 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(97)00088-5 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZB365 UT WOS:000072464400018 ER PT J AU Wehner, TC Staub, JE Liu, JS AF Wehner, TC Staub, JE Liu, JS TI A recessive gene for revolute cotyledons in cucumber SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Hort, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Wehner, TC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 89 IS 1 BP 86 EP 87 DI 10.1093/jhered/89.1.86 PG 2 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YX073 UT WOS:000072003700014 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Hjelmfelt, AT AF Wang, Menghua Hjelmfelt, Allen T. TI DEM BASED OVERLAND FLOW ROUTING MODEL SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CATCHMENT RESPONSE; VENANT EQUATIONS; RUNOFF; SIMILARITY; RAINSTORMS; SOILS AB A physically based, distributed rainfall-runoff event model is developed to route overland flows from flat agricultural watersheds. The model works on a cell basis and routes overland flows from one cell to the next following the maximum downslope directions. The model is able to consider spatially-varied data of soils, crops, land slopes, and aspects, which can be extracted from geographic information systems (GIS) and from digital elevation models (DEMs). Because of this feature, the model can be used for evaluating the impacts of agricultural practices on surface runoff. To describe overland flows on flat watersheds, the model uses the diffusion wave approximation of the St. Venant equations for computing the hydrograph. The computation is accomplished using the MacCormack scheme, a second order accurate numerical method. The model was tested against analytic solutions of the kinematic wave equations and was applied to route the overland flows across Goodwater Creek, a USDA research watershed. The model was calibrated using 26 events and verified using 11 events. The results show that the model works well. C1 [Wang, Menghua] Univ Missouri, Res Assoc Biol & Agr Engrg Dept, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hjelmfelt, Allen T.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Sys & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Res Assoc Biol & Agr Engrg Dept, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1998)3:1(1) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V15AK UT WOS:000207774700001 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Collins, A Martin, JH Schmidt, JO Spangler, HG AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Collins, A Martin, JH Schmidt, JO Spangler, HG TI Nest defense behavior in colonies from crosses between africanized and European honeybees (Apis mellifera L) (Hymenoptera : Apidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE colony defense; Africanized honey bees; behavioral genetics; patriline; reciprocal hybrids; subfamily ID BEE HYMENOPTERA; POPULATIONS; NUMBER; QUEENS AB Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies with either European or Africanized queens mated to European or Africanized drones alone or in combination were tested for defensive behavior using a breath test, The most defensive colonies were those with European or Africanized queens mated to Africanized drones. In colonies where both European and Africanized patrilines existed, most of the workers participating in nest defense behavior for the first 30 s after a disturbance were of African patrilines, Nest defense behavior appears to be genetically dominant in honey bees. C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1023/A:1020862432087 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZM464 UT WOS:000073542800003 ER PT J AU Sprague, V Becnel, JJ AF Sprague, V Becnel, JJ TI Note on the name-author-date combination for the taxon MICROSPORIDIES Balbiani, 1882, when ranked as a phylum SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; PROTOZOA C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Sprague, V (reprint author), 11425 Mill Bridge Rd, Lusby, MD 20657 USA. RI Sprague, Victor/B-2910-2012 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 71 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1006/jipa.1997.4702 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA YR893 UT WOS:000071542100011 ER PT J AU Strelkoff, TS Deltour, JL Burt, CM Clemmens, AJ Baume, JP AF Strelkoff, TS Deltour, JL Burt, CM Clemmens, AJ Baume, JP TI Influence of canal geometry and dynamics on controllability SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the results of the Task: Committee on Canal Automation Algorithms with regard to the influence of canal properties on the controllability of irrigation canals. While the control provided by individual algorithms was not evaluated, studies were performed to illustrate inherent hydraulic limitations-the inability of canal pools to recover rapidly from disturbances or Bow perturbations. Studies were performed in nondimensional form to develop a better understanding of how pool properties influence pool response. Three such studies were performed. First, nondimensional backwater curves were developed for a range of canal conditions. The second study involved the propagation of waves initiated at the upstream end of a canal pool, as this is influenced by downstream boundary conditions, Finally, the response of pools to downstream withdrawals was examined in terms of their sluggish recovery even when the correct Bow change is applied upstream. These results will help in understanding how canal properties influence the ability of operators to effectively control a canal either manually or automatically, and should influence future design practices. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Soc Canal Provence, F-13603 Aix En Provence, France. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Irrig Training & Res Ctr, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Cemagref, F-34033 Montpellier 1, France. RP Strelkoff, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 124 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1998)124:1(16) PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA YT497 UT WOS:000071612200004 ER PT J AU Clemmens, AJ Kacerek, TF Grawitz, B Schuurmans, W AF Clemmens, AJ Kacerek, TF Grawitz, B Schuurmans, W TI Test cases for canal control algorithms SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The ASCE Task Committee on Canal Automation Algorithms developed a series of test cases to test the general suitability of canal-control scheme logic. The primary intent of these tests is preliminary screening of various feedback control methods. The testing is to be performed with an unsteady-flow simulation model. Two test canals are presented, representing extremes in hydraulic properties. For each, two test scenarios are presented to cover a range of flow conditions. For each test there are both known-anticipated and unknown-unanticipated changes in offtake flows. Each test is run twice, once for the hydraulic conditions under which the controller was tuned and once for a slightly different set of hydraulic conditions. The latter tests determine how the algorithm will respond with imperfect information and over time as properties change. Recommendations are given on how to present the results of these test cases and the associated set of performance indicators or measures. Some representative test results are also provided for one test case. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Cent Arizona Project, Phoenix, AZ USA. Soc Canal Provence, Aix En Provence, France. Delft Hydraul, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 7 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 124 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1998)124:1(23) PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA YT497 UT WOS:000071612200005 ER PT J AU Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ AF Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ TI Nondimensional expression of unsteady canal flow SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB By appropriate choice of reference variables, dimensionless governing equations and initial and boundary conditions of unsteady canal how have fewer independent parameters that do their dimensioned counterparts; the same information can be expressed more compactly. With design discharge and normal depth as references, unsteady flow is governed by cross-sectional shape factors, Froude number at normal depth, and the dimensionless length, as well as initial and boundary conditions. A particular dimensionless form of the Saint-Venant equations was found to have the same appearance as the dimensioned equations. Dimensionless g, the ratio of weight to mass in the dimensioned real-world equations, is now related to the Froude number at normal depth in the dimensionless equations. The Manning units coefficient, normally used to express the Manning formula in English or metric systems, in the dimensionless system relates to the shape of the channel cross section under normal how conditions. Dimensionless results are interpreted in real-world terms by specifying normal flow depth and Manning roughness. With the normal Froude number given, all pertinent dimensioned variables follow directly from dimensionless results. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Strelkoff, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 124 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1998)124:1(59) PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA YT497 UT WOS:000071612200010 ER PT J AU Bowker, JM Leeworthy, VR AF Bowker, JM Leeworthy, VR TI Accounting for ethnicity in recreation demand: A flexible count data approach SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ethnicity; travel cost; price response; consumer surplus; count-data; equity; user fees ID TRAVEL COST METHOD; OUTDOOR RECREATION; MODELS; BENEFITS AB We examine ethnicity and individual trip taking behavior associated with natural resource based recreation in the Florida Keys. We estimate trip demand using the travel cost method. We then extend this model with a varying parameter adaptation to test the congruency of demand and economic value across white and Hispanic user subgroups. Our findings indicate significant differences in price response leading to divergent per-trip consumer surplus and price elasticity between these two groups. These differences raise important distribution and equity concerns with respect to the possible future use of pricing policies like user fees. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Outdoor Recreat & Wilderness Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bowker, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Outdoor Recreat & Wilderness Res Unit, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1998 VL 30 IS 1 BP 64 EP 78 PG 15 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA ZG307 UT WOS:000072987900005 ER PT J AU Cannon, JG Abad, LW Vannier, E Lynch, EA AF Cannon, JG Abad, LW Vannier, E Lynch, EA TI Menstrual- and gender-dependent variations in circulating IL-1 agonists, antagonists, and binding proteins SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soluble receptors; alpha(2)-macroglobulin; assay validation ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; MEDIATED REGULATION; GONADAL-STEROIDS; CYTOKINE ASSAYS; SEX STEROIDS; II RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1; IL-1-BETA; IL-1-ALPHA AB This study tested the hypotheses that sex-related differences in circulating binding proteins for interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) exist and that these binding proteins affect immunoassays for IL-1 beta and IL-1Ra, I-125-labeled IL-1 beta was added to human plasma samples, then chromatographed. The percentages of total radioactivity eluting in a high-molecular-weight peak were 21.0 + 0.8 for men (n = 6), 19.1 +/- 0.9 for follicular phase women (n = 6), and 18.0 +/- 0.8 in luteal phase women (n = 6; men vs, women, P = 0.032; follicular vs. luteal, P = 0.035), and correlated with plasma sIL-1RII concentrations (r = 0.647, P = 0.001). Plasma IL-1 beta immunoreactivity did not correspond to concurrent cellular secretion rates due, in part, to interference in the IL-1 beta assay by sIL-1RII, Correspondence between plasma IL-1Ra levels and cellular secretion rates was observed only after serial dilutions of the samples, These results indicate that plasma IL-1 beta binding capacity differs between men and women and that sIL-1RII is a major contributing factor. Furthermore, relating plasma IL-1 isoform immunoreactivity to functional measures (tracer binding) or concurrent release by isolated cells can lead to insights about assay interferences that may exist in plasma. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Cannon, JG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Noll Lab 111, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jgc2@psu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI33414] NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 63 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA YR625 UT WOS:000071514000015 PM 9469481 ER PT J AU Lee, HY Ackermann, MR Kehrli, ME AF Lee, HY Ackermann, MR Kehrli, ME TI Cytokine gene expression in lungs of Pasteurella haemolytica inoculated CD18(-) and CD18(+) cattle SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept MIPM, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, NADC, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1998 SU 1 MA 114 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 117YP UT WOS:000075810700117 ER PT J AU Eicher, SD Blecha, F AF Eicher, SD Blecha, F TI beta-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulates in the thymus and lungs of mice and increases secreted IL-1 receptor antagonist after prolonged feeding. SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anat & Physiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1998 SU 1 MA 120 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 117YP UT WOS:000075810700123 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC Neff, WE AF Byrdwell, WC Neff, WE TI Analysis of hydroxy-containing seed oils using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID LESQUERELLA AB Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) coupled to reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used for direct analysis of intact triacylglycerols (TAGs) from hydroxy-containing plant oils. Castor bean oil, Lesquerella fendleri and Lesquerella gordonii oils were separated into tri-hydroxy, di-hydroxy, mono-hydroxy, and non-hydroxy TAGs using the RP-HPLC method. The APCI-MS ionization source produced fragments representing loss of zero (protonated molecular ion), one, two, and three hydroxy groups. The primary fragments (base peaks) in the mass spectra resulted from loss of all hydroxy groups from the TAGs. Using the acetonitrile/methylene chloride solvent system, diagnostically important acetonitrile adducts were formed which allowed identification of the molecular weights of the hydroxy TAGs as well as confirmation of the number of hydroxy groups contained therein. A series of four adducts was formed: [M+23](+), [M+39](+), [M+54](+), and [M+59](+). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, FQS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Byrdwell, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, FQS, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1485 EP 1501 DI 10.1080/10826079808000529 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZW155 UT WOS:000074380600006 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Mills, GD Schmidtmann, ET AF Carroll, JF Mills, GD Schmidtmann, ET TI Patterns of activity in host-seeking adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) and host-produced kairomones SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; arrestant; videotape; tarsal gland; interdigital gland ID PACIFICUS ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; TICKS ACARI; FIELD; TEMPERATURE; DEER AB Adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, were confined to clay islands each surmounted with a vertical glass rod, and tick activities were videotaped continuously for 48 h. Some rods were treated basally or apically with substances rubbed from pelage associated with the tarsal or interdigital glands of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann). Except for the activity immediately following their release, tick activity on both days was greatest during the period from 1700 to 2300 hours, which coincided with the onset of scotophase. Ticks were most active when rods had interdigital gland substances applied to their basal 2 cm, whereas they were least active when confined with rods treated with tarsal gland substances on their apical 2 cm. Overall, ticks spent more time on the apical 2 cm of the glass rods during the scotophase than during the photophase. The highest level of apical arrestment among treated and untreated rods occurred when the rod tips were treated with tarsal gland substances, with female ticks on the apical 2 cm of the rods 70-100% of every 3-h period beginning with the period from 2000 to 2300 hours on day 1. In contrast, when tarsal gland substances were applied to the basal 2 cm of the rods, the ticks spent <40% of every period on day 2 on the rod tips. C1 ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZH728 UT WOS:000073141700003 PM 9542340 ER PT J AU Schimidtmann, ET Carroll, JF Watson, DW AF Schimidtmann, ET Carroll, JF Watson, DW TI Attachment-site patterns of adult blacklegged ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) on white-tailed deer and horses SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; attachment site; deer; horses; Lyme disease; ectoparasite ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; USA; DENSITY; MARYLAND; CATTLE AB The attachment site pattern of adult Ixodes scapularis Say on white-tailed deer and horses in Maryland was determined by whole-body examinations during fall and spring periods of tick host-seeking activity. On deer in the fall, both female and male I. scapularis attached largely to anterior dorsal body regions, with attachment to the ears (outside), head, neck, and brisket accounting for 87.9% of females and 86.6% of males. The attachment pattern of females differed between bucks and does during fall, but not in spring, and both females and males were more abundant on bucks than does during fall, but not in spring. Neither female nor male attachment patterns on deer differed between fall and spring seasons. In contrast to deer, the ears and neck of horses were largely devoid of blacklegged ticks, and 84% of the females were attached either on the chest, in the axillae of the fore and rear legs, or under the jawbone. The restricted attachment of female blacklegged ticks to ventral body regions of horses may reflect avoidance of light. An understanding of the attachment patterns of adult I. scapularis, an increasingly abundant and economically important species, enhances sampling of feeding ticks, deticking to limit host irritation or exposure to tick-borne pathogens, and identifies body areas that should be targeted for delivery of repellents or acaricides. C1 ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. ARS, Parasite Biol & Ecol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schimidtmann, ET (reprint author), ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZH728 UT WOS:000073141700009 PM 9542346 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF AF Carroll, JF TI Kairomonal activity of white-tailed deer metatarsal gland substances: A more sensitive behavioral bioassay using Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kairomone; behavioral bioassay; akinesis AB A behavioral bioassay is described that detected kairomonal activity in substances associated with the metatarsal glands of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann). Dry and aqueous wipes or rubs of glandular areas elicited an arrestant response in adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say. C1 ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZH728 UT WOS:000073141700014 PM 9542351 ER PT J AU King, JW AF King, JW TI Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography of cosmetic ingredients and formulations SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article DE capillary; chromatography; cosmetics; lanolin; supercritical fluid ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXTRACTION; SEPARATION; COLUMNS; GAS AB Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is an extremely versatile technique for the characterization of natural products that are used in the cosmetics industry. In This study, the utility of capillary SFC for separating components contained in natural lanolin, cosmetic grade lanolin, and lanolin derivatives and for profiling the components in cosmetic formulations, such as lipsticks and lip balms, is demonstrated. Capillary SFC is also shown to be facile for separating reaction products from starting materials for substrates frequently used in cosmetic formulating. Optimal stationary phases for the separation of nonpolar and lipophilic components found in cosmetic products have been determined. SFC profiles generated on SE-octyl columns using linear density programs have been particularly useful for cosmetic deformulation. Retention data on complex natural mixtures correlate with the overall polarity of the solutes and traditional SFC retention patterns based on the molecular weight of the solutes. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 ARS, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP King, JW (reprint author), ARS, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-667X(1998)10:1<33::AID-MCS5>3.3.CO;2-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YQ743 UT WOS:000071418800005 ER PT J AU Paszek, A Flickinger, GH Fontanesi, L Beattie, CW Rohrer, GA Alexander, L Schook, LB AF Paszek, A Flickinger, GH Fontanesi, L Beattie, CW Rohrer, GA Alexander, L Schook, LB TI Evaluating evolutionary divergence with microsatellites SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE chromosome 6 microsatellites; genetic variance; genetic distance; breed divergence; swine breeds ID PORCINE GENOME; LINKAGE MAP; GENETIC DISTANCE; CARCASS TRAITS; POPULATIONS; MEISHAN; GROWTH; BREEDS; SOMATOTROPIN; SHEEP AB We report the use of microsatellites (MS) to track the recent evolution of swine. Allelic frequencies for nine MS loci linked on swine chromosome 6 (SSC6) representing four western and one Chinese swine breeds were used to estimate genetic distances and times of breed divergence. A phylogenetic tree was constructed which partitioned into western and Meishan breed branches. Yorkshire and Hampshire breeds exhibited the most recent divergence with a calculated distance of 391 years. The oldest divergence, of 2,227 years, was between Meishan and Hampshire swine. Estimates of breed divergence are consistent with historical records. Additional analysis suggests that polymorphic MS linked on a single chromosome are sufficient to determine evolutionary relationships within a single species. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Bologna, Inst Allevamenti Zootecn, I-42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Schook, LB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, 1988 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM schoo009@maroon.tc.umn.edu RI Fontanesi, Luca/L-1770-2014; OI Fontanesi, Luca/0000-0001-7050-3760; Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 46 IS 1 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1007/PL00006279 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YW069 UT WOS:000071893000012 PM 9419232 ER PT J AU Solomon, MB Van Laack, RLJM Eastridge, JS AF Solomon, MB Van Laack, RLJM Eastridge, JS TI Biophysical basis of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork and poultry muscle: A review SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID TURKEY SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FIBER TYPES; MYOSIN; PIGS; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; MEAT AB Problems with meat quality are usually caused by aberrations in the biochemistry and morphology of individual muscles, as well as by postmortem events. Poultry, like pigs, have been subjected to intense genetic selection for rapid lean muscle growth. The selection traits are most often associated with economic importance rather than biophysical significance which often results in stress syndromes (e.g. porcine stress syndrome) and pale, soft, exudative (PSE) muscle conditions. The occurrence of PSE muscle and subsequent alterations in meat quality has been shown to be related to increases in muscle size, stressful preslaughter handling conditions, and rate of onset of rigor mortis. Morphological studies have revealed significant increases in fiber size, in addition to structural irregularities in PSE muscle. These structural irregularities include decreased capillary density, hypercontracted (giant) fibers, and myoplasmic calcium loading. The common theme between poultry and swine in the development of PSE muscle is predominately in anaerobic fast-twitch muscles with low energy lactate metabolism yet accelerated onset of rigor mortis. C1 USDA, ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Solomon, MB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD JAN PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4573.1998.tb00639.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA ZR846 UT WOS:000074020400002 ER PT J AU Lin, SJ Short, RE Ford, SP Grings, EE Rosazza, JPN AF Lin, SJ Short, RE Ford, SP Grings, EE Rosazza, JPN TI In vitro biotransformations of isocupressic acid by cow rumen preparations: Formation of agathic and dihydroagathic acids SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE; BEEF-COWS; CRYPTOMERIA-JAPONICA; CARUNCULAR ARTERIES; RESIN ACIDS; NEEDLES; CATTLE; SHEEP; SPECTROSCOPY; PREGNANCY AB Isocupressic acid [15-hydroxylabda-8(17),13E-dien-19-oic acid] (I) was incubated under anaerobic conditions for 48 h in an in vitro luminal fluid mixture and was transformed into two metabolites. The two metabolites were identified by GC/MS as agathic acid [labda-8(17),13(E)-diene-15,19-dioic acid] (4E) and dihydroagathic acid [labda-8(17)-ene-15,19-dioic acid] (6). Metabolite identities were confirmed by chemical conversions of isocupressic acid (1) and imbricataloic acid (5) into 4E and 6, respectively. Structures of synthetic metabolites were confirmed by H-1 and C-13 NMR, specific rotation, GC/MS, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Plasma obtained from cows that were fed Ponderosa pine needles contained (13R,S)-dihydroagathic acid (6) but not isocupressic acid (1) or 4E. The results suggest that isocupressic acid (1) is metabolically oxidized to agathic acid (4E), subsequently reduced to (13R,S)-dihydroagathic acid (6) in the rumen, and then absorbed into the bloodstream of cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59302 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Pharm, Div Med & Nat Prod Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Pharm, Ctr Biocatalysis & Bioproc, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rosazza, JPN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Route 1,Box 2021, Miles City, MT 59302 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 61 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1021/np970372u PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YU540 UT WOS:000071728100010 PM 9461652 ER PT B AU Kays, SE Barton, FE AF Kays, SE Barton, FE BE Davies, AMC TI The use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict the insoluble dietary fibre fraction of cereal products SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, VOL 6 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the International-Committee-for-Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL ESSEN, GERMANY SP Int Comm Near Infrared Spect DE near infrared; NIR; dietary fibre; cereal; chemometrics ID HIGH-SUGAR; FIBER; FOODS; SPECTRA; BRAN AB The insoluble and soluble fractions of dietary fibre have different human physiological effects and their presence in foods is of interest to consumers, the medical community and the cereal product industry. The development of a model, using near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy, to predict insoluble dietary fibre in a wide range of dry-milled cereal products and grains is described. The products included breakfast cereals, crackers, brans, pastas and flours. Insoluble dietary fibre was measured by the AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric procedure (AOAC 991.43), The range in insoluble dietary fibre was 0-48 %, Near infrared reflectance spectra were obtained with a scanning monochromator and data analysed with a commercial analysis program. A calibration (n = 90) was developed for prediction of insoluble dietary fibre using preprocessed spectra and modified partial least squares regression. The standard error of cross validation and R-2 were 1.34 % and 0.99, respectively. The model was tested kith independent validation samples (It = 32) and the resulting standard error of performance and r(2) were 1.13% insoluble dietary fibre and 0.99, respectively. The results show that NIR spectroscopy can be used to predict the insoluble dietary fibre content in a wide variety of processed and unprocessed cereal products. C1 ARS, USDA, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NIR PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PY 1998 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA BN06F UT WOS:000080522100026 ER PT B AU Windham, WR Morrison, WH AF Windham, WR Morrison, WH BE Davies, AMC TI Prediction of fatty acid content in beef neck lean by near infrared reflectance analysis SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, VOL 6 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the International-Committee-for-Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL ESSEN, GERMANY SP Int Comm Near Infrared Spect DE near infrared spectroscopy; meat; fatty acids AB Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the prediction of individual and total fatty acids of bovine M. Longissimus dorsi neck muscles has been studied. Beef neck lean was collected from meat processing establishments using advanced meat recovery systems and hand-deboning. Samples (n = 302) were analysed to determine fatty acid (FA) composition and scanned from: 400 to 2498 nm. Total saturated and unsaturated FA values ranged from 43.2 to 62.0 % and 38.3 to 56.2 %, respectively. Results of partial least squares (PLS) modeling shown reasonably accurate models were attained for total saturate content [standard error of performance (SEP = 1.10 %); coefficient of determination on the validation set (r(2) = 0.77)], palmitic (SEP = 0.94%; r(2) = 0.69), unsaturate (SEP = 1.13%; r(2) = 0.77), and oleic (SEP = 0.97; r(2) = 0.78). Prediction of other individual saturated and unsaturated FAs was less accurate with an r(2) range of 0.10 to 0.53. However, the sum of individual predicted saturated and unsaturated FA was acceptable compared with the reference method (SEP = 1.10 and 1.12%, respectively). This study shows that NIR can be used to predict accurately total fatty acids in M. Longissimus dorsi muscle. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Windham, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NIR PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PY 1998 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA BN06F UT WOS:000080522100027 ER PT J AU Kadar, T Dachir, S Shukitt-Hale, B Levy, A AF Kadar, T Dachir, S Shukitt-Hale, B Levy, A TI Sub-regional hippocampal vulnerability in various animal models leading to cognitive dysfunction SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE aging; cholinesterase inhibition; corticosteroids; hypoxia; ischemia; stress ID SOMAN-INDUCED SEIZURES; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; AGED RATS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SPATIAL MEMORY; LONG-TERM; GLUCOCORTICOID HYPOTHESIS; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; CHOLINERGIC HYPOTHESIS AB Various animal models, involving different brain insults, lead to memory deficits, which can be measured using behavioral tests. In numerous studies, using five different experimental models in rats, we have found that cognitive dysfunction is invariably accompanied by hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells degeneration. However, of these two, the most affected area changes from one model to the other. The present manuscript describes and compares the morphological alterations within the hippocampus in the following experimental models: normal aging, hypoxia, prolonged corticosterone administration, brain ischemia and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. In all the above, many hippocampal neurons were severely damaged, however, CA3 pyramidal cells were mostly affected in normal aging and following hypobaric hypoxia, whereas CA1 cells were especially affected following corticosterone administration, global ischemia and ChE inhibition. Several mechanisms, which might be involved in the diverse courses of the lesions are being considered: cerebral oxygen and glucose, glutamate neurotoxicity and calcium involvement. It is anticipated that elucidation of the specific role of CA1 and CA3 hippocampal sub-fields in the various experimental models might help in understanding processes such as age-related neuronal degeneration and assist in their prevention. C1 Israel Inst Biol Res, Dept Pharmacol, IL-74048 Ness Ziona, Israel. Tufts Univ, HNRA, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kadar, T (reprint author), Israel Inst Biol Res, Dept Pharmacol, IL-74048 Ness Ziona, Israel. NR 87 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0300-9564 J9 J NEURAL TRANSM JI J. Neural Transm. PY 1998 VL 105 IS 8-9 BP 987 EP 1004 DI 10.1007/s007020050107 PG 18 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 143JF UT WOS:000077251400016 PM 9869331 ER PT J AU Bickford, PC Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Prior, R Taglialatela, G AF Bickford, PC Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Prior, R Taglialatela, G TI Antioxidant therapeutic strategies. SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RI Bickford, Paula/J-5970-2012 OI Bickford, Paula/0000-0001-9657-7725 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PY 1998 VL 70 SU 1 BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA YY627 UT WOS:000072167200310 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RD Lickteig, JA Howard, MP Deuster, PA AF Reynolds, RD Lickteig, JA Howard, MP Deuster, PA TI Intakes of high fat and high carbohydrate foods by humans increased with exposure to increasing altitude during an expedition to Mt. Everest SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE humans; high altitude; energy intake; fat consumption; carbohydrate consumption ID BODY-COMPOSITION; WEIGHT-LOSS; NUTRITION; MEN AB The objectives of the study were to determine total energy intakes, distribution of energy derived from the macronutrients, and the effects of increasing altitudes on energy and macronutrient consumption during exposure to high altitudes. High fat, low carbohydrate diets (35% and 50% of energy, respectively) or low fat, high carbohydrate diets (20% and 65% of energy, respectively) were provided to two groups of subjects for a 3-wk period. Groups then consumed the alternate diet for 3 wk, followed by a return to the original diet for the remaining 3 wk of the study. Free choice of individual items and amounts within each diet was permitted. Intake of food and fluid was determined by means of monitored entries in daily food records. Five subjects remained at Base Camp (5300 m) and 10 subjects climbed to altitudes up to and including the summit of Mt. Everest (8848 m). Subjects consumed an average of 10.22 +/- 4.57 MJ/d (2442 +/- 1092 kcal) energy while at Base Camp, with climbers consuming significantly more than Base Camp personnel [11.89 +/- 4.88 vs. 7.87 +/- 2.98 MJ/d (2841 +/- 1167 vs. 1881 +/- 713 kcal/d), P less than or equal to 0.0001]. There was a significant decline in energy consumption at increasing altitudes (P = 0.022), but no shift in distribution of energy provided from fat, carbohydrate or protein (P > 0.05). Contrary to previous reports, subjects in this study did not shift their food selections away from the high fat items towards high carbohydrate items. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cardinal Stritch Univ, Coll Business & Management, Milwaukee, WI 53217 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Reynolds, RD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Human Nutr & Dietet, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM reynolds@uic.edu RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015 OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 128 IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YR459 UT WOS:000071497400007 PM 9430601 ER PT J AU Rubin, MA Miller, JP Ryan, AS Treuth, MS Patterson, KY Pratley, RE Hurley, BF Veillon, C Moser-Veillon, PB Anderson, RA AF Rubin, MA Miller, JP Ryan, AS Treuth, MS Patterson, KY Pratley, RE Hurley, BF Veillon, C Moser-Veillon, PB Anderson, RA TI Acute and chronic resistive exercise increase urinary chromium excretion in men as measured with an enriched chromium stable isotope SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE exercise; glucose tolerance; insulin response; stable isotope; humans ID GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; OLDER MEN; STRENGTH; PICOLINATE; SERUM; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Both exercise and chromium exert beneficial effects on insulin function. The mechanism by which exercise improves insulin response may involve an alteration in Cr metabolism. To determine the effects of acute and chronic resistive exercise on urinary Cr losses, we measured the effects of acute resistive exercise and 16 wk of resistive exercise training on urinary Cr losses of 10 men 53-63 y of age. Subjects consumed diets in compliance with the American Heart Association Phase I diet with a Cr content of 30 +/- 4 mu g/d. Sixteen weeks of resistive exercise training led to similar to 40% increases in upper and lower body strength, increases in fat-free mass and decreases in the percentage of body fat. An enriched stable isotope of Cr, Cr-53, was employed to differentiate the exogenously administered Cr from the ;native endogenous Cr. Both acute and chronic resistive exercise increased Cr-53 losses. These data demonstrate that the improvements in body composition due to resistive exercise are associated with increased urinary Cr losses that are consistent with increased absorption. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 21218 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore VA Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Rubin, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 21218 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR02719]; NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG04402, AG00494] NR 38 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 128 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YR459 UT WOS:000071497400011 PM 9430605 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ van der Sluijs, AMC Hallfrisch, J AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ van der Sluijs, AMC Hallfrisch, J TI Breath hydrogen and methane expiration in men and women after oat extract consumption SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE oat fiber; beta-glucan; hydrogen; methane; humans ID HIGH-FIBER DIETS; SOLUBLE FIBER; EXCRETION; INGESTION; STARCH; HUMANS; GUAR AB Oat extract has been shown to modify blood glucose response and fasting lipids after dietary incorporation although some abdominal discomfort and increased flatulence were noted. To determine the extent of gas production, hydrogen and methane were determined after tolerance tests containing cooked and uncooked oat extract and after dietary incorporation. Breath gases were determined before and periodically after tolerance tests. Study 1: While consuming a maintenance diet, 24 subjects (55.3-112.5 kg body weight) underwent a tolerance test (1 g carbohydrate/kg body wt) of glucose (GTT, 1700 kJ/100 g) or uncooked, baked, or boiled pudding [2191 kJ/100 g carbohydrate, (0.67 glucose and 0.33 oat extract containing 10 g/100 g beta-glucan)]. Hydrogen and methane expiration after all tolerance tests with the oat extract puddings, regardless of cooking method, was significantly higher than expirations after the GTT. Cooking the oat extract did not significantly change hydrogen or methane expiration. Study 2: Twenty-three subjects consumed a maintenance diet followed by the incorporation of oat extracts (50 g/8.33 MJ, 1 or 10 g/100 g beta-glucan) to the diet in a crossover pattern. A GTT and a tolerance test containing 0.67 g glucose and 0.33 g of the respective oat extract/kg body weight were consumed after the maintenance and oat extract diet periods. Breath hydrogen was significantly higher after both oat extract tolerance tests than after the GTT. Hydrogen excretion after the 10% beta-glucan oat extract was higher at 4, 5 and 6 h than after the 1% beta-glucan oat extract; breath methane was not significantly different. These data indicate that cooking did not alter the influence of oat extracts on intestinal function, and increased beta-glucan marginally increased hydrogen expiration. C1 ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Metab & Nutrient Interact Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Human Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 128 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YR459 UT WOS:000071497400012 PM 9430606 ER PT J AU Klein, S Alpers, DH Grand, RJ Levin, MS Lin, HC Mansbach, CM Burant, C Reeds, P Rombeau, JL AF Klein, S Alpers, DH Grand, RJ Levin, MS Lin, HC Mansbach, CM Burant, C Reeds, P Rombeau, JL TI Advances in nutrition and gastroenterology: Summary of the 1997 ASPEN Research Workshop SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Workshop at the Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Parenteral-and-Enteral-Nutrition CY JAN 26, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Parenter & Enteral Nutr ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; TRANSPORTER MESSENGER-RNA; GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT; ENTERAL NUTRITION; CRITICALLY ILL; AMINO-ACID; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT AB Background: The 1997 A.S.P.E.N. Research Workshop was held at the annual meeting in San Francisco, on January 26, 1997. The workshop focused on advances in clinical and basic research involving the interface between nutrient and luminal gastroenterology. Methods: Presentations on the genetic regulation of gastrointestinal development, the molecular biology of small intestinal adaptation, the effect of nutrition support on intestinal mucosal mass, the relationship between nutrition and gastrointestinal motility, nutrient absorption, and gastrointestinal tract substrate metabolism were made by the preeminent leaders in the field. Results: The investigators presented an insightful analysis of each topic by reviewing data from their own laboratories and the published literature. Conclusions: This workshop underscored the important interactions between nutrition and luminal gastroenterology at the basic science, metabolic/physiologic, and clinical levels. The integration of presentations from the different disciplines provided a unique interaction of information and ideas to advance our understanding of nutrition and gastrointestinal tract. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Grp, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Klein, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, 660 S Euclid Ave,Box 8127, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. OI Burant, Charles/0000-0001-9189-5003 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-52290] NR 120 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTRITION PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON STREET SUITE 412, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1177/014860719802200103 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YP017 UT WOS:000071232900002 PM 9437647 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Galletta, GJ AF Wang, SY Galletta, GJ TI Foliar application of potassium silicate induces metabolic changes in strawberry plants SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The effect of foliar silicon (Si) applications on metabolic changes in strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) was studied. Silicon was used in the form of the potassium (K) salt. Foliar spray with K silicate (containing 0, 4.25, 8.50, 12.75, or 17.00 mm of Si) showed increased chlorophyll content and plant growth. Potassium silicate treatments also induced metabolic changes such as increases in citric acid and malic acid levels, and decreases in fructose, glucose, sucrose, and myo-inositol contents. The treated tissues also had higher ratios of fatty acid unsaturation [(18:2+18:3)/18:1] in glycolipids and phospholipid and elevated amounts of membrane lipids. These results suggest that Si has beneficial effects on strawberry plant metabolism. C1 USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 211 Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1080/01904169809365390 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YY410 UT WOS:000072143800013 ER PT J AU Han, ZH Shen, T Korcak, RF Baligar, VC AF Han, ZH Shen, T Korcak, RF Baligar, VC TI Iron absorption by iron-efficient and -inefficient species of apples SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PLANTS; ROOTS; DEFICIENCY; SOYBEANS; PH AB Four apple species, Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang, M. micromalus Makino, M. transitoria (Batal.) Schneid, and M. baccata (L.)Borkh., were investigated for their differences in iron (Fe) uptake mechanisms. The results showed that M. xiaojinensis and M. micromalus had higher root CEC than M. transitoria and M. baccata. There seems to be an 'Fe pool' in the root apparent free space (AFS) of these species, being highest in M. baccata. Iron content in the root free space of M. xiaojinensis and M. micromalus changed with higher external Fe level (40 mu M) and/or higher pH (7.8), whereas that of M. baccata and M. transitoria was not significantly changed. Malus xiaojinensis and M. micromalus had higher electrical conductivity than M. baccata and M. transitoria. Under Fe-stress condition, M. xiaojinensis decreased the rhizosphere pH as much as 2 units as compared to about 1 unit with M. micromalus. With regard to Fe absorption rate, M. xiaojinensis showed two absorption peaks, one at the higher Fe concentration of above 64 mu M, which was the same as with the other test species, and another one at 2 mu M Fe which was not observed in the other species. The Fe absorption rate of M. micromalus increased with increasing levels of external Fe concentration. The results obtained support our conclusion in a previous paper that of the four species used in the experiments, M. xiaojinensis was the most Fe efficient. Malus micromalus, next to M. xiaojineiuis, was moderately Fe efficient, as evidenced by its high CEC, high root free space Fe content, high electrical conductivity, its ability to lower the rhizosphere pH under high pH + low Fe condition, and a strong ability to absorb Fe from the nutrient solution. C1 Beijing Agr Univ, Inst Hort Plants, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beckley, WV 25802 USA. RP Han, ZH (reprint author), Beijing Agr Univ, Inst Hort Plants, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1080/01904169809365392 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YY410 UT WOS:000072143800015 ER PT J AU Al-Karaki, GN Clark, RB AF Al-Karaki, GN Clark, RB TI Growth, mineral acquisition, and water use by mycorrhizal wheat grown under water stress SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; DROUGHT STRESS; WHITE CLOVER; PHOSPHORUS; CITRUS; MAIZE; FUNGI; SOIL; HYPHAE AB Plants colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi generally have greater growth and acquisition of mineral nutrients, and often have greater ability to withstand drought compared to nonmycorrhizal (nonAM) plants. This study determined effects of water stress (WS) versus no WS (nonWS) and the AM fungus Glomus monosporum (AM vs nonAM) on growth, acquisition of phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe), and water use in two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars exhibiting differences in resistance to WS. Plants were grown on soil [low P silty clay (Typic Xerochrept, pH=8.1)] and sand mixtures in a greenhouse. Shoot and root dry matter (DM), total root length (RL), and root colonization with AM for plants grown under nonWS were higher than for plants grown under WS. Much of the reduction in DM was overcome by AM plants grown under WS. The 'drought-resistant' wheat cultivar CR057 had higher AM root colonization than the 'drought-sensitive' cultivar CR006 when grown with and without WS. Concentrations of P were lower and Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were higher in shoots of plants grown under WS compared to nonWS. Nutrient contents were greater in AM than in nonAM plants, and these differences were greater under WS than under nonWS conditions. The AM plants had higher water use efficiency (WUE, g DM kg(-1) water evapotranspired) values than nonAM plants when grown under WS. The cultivar CR057 generally had higher WUE-values than CR006. The results of this study indicated that AM plants had greater tolerance to drought stress than nonAM plants. C1 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Prod, Irbid, Jordan. ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Al-Karaki, GN (reprint author), Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Prod, Irbid, Jordan. NR 44 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 23 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 2 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.1080/01904169809365401 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YY411 UT WOS:000072143900006 ER PT J AU Bernal, JH Clark, RB AF Bernal, JH Clark, RB TI Growth traits among sorghum genotypes in response to aluminum SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ACID SOIL; TOLERANCE; YIELD AB Aluminum (Al) has many detrimental effects on plant growth, and shoots and roots are normally affected differently. A study was conducted to determine differences among sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes with broad genetic backgrounds for growth traits of plants grown at 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mu M Al in nutrient solutions (pH 4.0). Genotypes were categorized into "Al-sensitive", "intermediate Al-tolerant", "Al-tolerant", and SC 283 (an Al-tolerant standard). As Al increased, shoot and root dry matter (DM), net main axis root length (NMARL), and total root length (TRL) became lower than controls (0 Al). Aluminum toxicity and/or nutrient deficiency symptoms become more severe, and shoot to root DM ratios and specific RL (TRL/root DM) values also changed as Al in solution increased. Root DM had greater changes among genotypes than shoot DM, and NMARL at 400 mu M Al, and TRL at 200 mu M Al had greater differences among genotypes than root DM, ratings for toxicity and/or deficiency symptoms, and other DM and RL traits. The wide differences among genotypes for NMARL and TRL could be used more effectively to evaluate sorghum genotypes for tolerance to Al toxicity than the other growth traits. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Bernal, JH (reprint author), CORPICA La Libertad, AA 2011, Villavicencio Meta, Colombia. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 2 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1080/01904169809365404 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YY411 UT WOS:000072143900009 ER PT J AU Moussavi-Nik, M Pearson, JN Hollamby, GJ Graham, RD AF Moussavi-Nik, M Pearson, JN Hollamby, GJ Graham, RD TI Dynamics of nutrient remobilization during germination and early seedling development in wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ZN; MN; ELEMENTS; GROWTH; SOIL AB The changes in nutrient content of grain parts and seedling parts in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv RAC655) were followed from germination to early seedling development (8 days). The grain was separated into seed coat, endosperm and embryo and the seedling into roots and shoots. The dry weight of the seed coat did not change throughout the experimental period whereas that of the endosperm rapidly declined from day 4 onwards. The seed coat contained the most nutrients of all grain parts, except for sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N). The endosperm contained between 20-35% of the total grain nutrients (except S, 50%). The embryo generally contained little nutrient, between 4-10%, except for zinc [(Zn) 20%], manganese [(Mn) 17%], and boron [(B) 13%]. Large amounts of potassium (K) were remobilized from the seed coat whereas no magnesium (Mg), Zn, copper (Cu), or B was remobilized. Nutrients were rapidly mobilized from the endosperm, particularly K and S. The shoots generally received a greater proportion of nutrients compared to the roots, except for Zn, Mn, and Cu which were distributed between them evenly. The dynamics of nutrient remobilization are discussed in relation to the distribution of nutrients within the grain and the consequences for early seedling vigor. C1 Univ Adelaide, Waite Agr Res Inst, Dept Plant Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Moussavi-Nik, M (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Waite Agr Res Inst, Dept Plant Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 3 BP 421 EP 434 DI 10.1080/01904169809365414 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZB547 UT WOS:000072483500003 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CR AF Caldwell, CR TI Effect of elevated manganese on the ultraviolet- and blue light-absorbing compounds of cucumber cotyledon and leaf tissues SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID B DAMAGE; FLAVONOIDS; CAROTENOIDS; TOXICITY AB The effect of manganese [Mn(II)] on the pigments of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., cv Poinsett 76) leaf and cotyledon tissues was investigated. Tissue disks (7 mm) were exposed to increasing Mn(II) concentrations from 100 mu M to 2.5 mM. Acetone (carotenoid-rich fraction) and acidified methanol (flavonoid-rich fraction) extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Although none of the Mn(II)-treated tissues showed visible damage, Mn(II) at concentrations of 250 mu M and above significantly reduced (60%) the beta-carotene levels of light-incubated leaf tissues. A major Mn(II)induced, UV-absorbing compound was observed in methanol extracts of cotyledonary tissues exposed to Mn(II) in the dark. In leaf tissues, Mn(II) reduced the levels of certain UV-absorbing compounds under both light conditions. These results demonstrate that excess leaf Mn(II) can rapidly impair isoprenoid metabolism, altering tissue carotenoid composition. Furthermore, Mn(II) may also modify, phenylpropanoid metabolism, changing the tissue flavonoid composition. Both situations could sensitize plant tissues to oxidative stresses, particularly enhanced solar UV-B radiation, and may reduce the nutritional quality of leafy vegetables. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Bldg 046A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 3 BP 435 EP 445 DI 10.1080/01904169809365415 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZB547 UT WOS:000072483500004 ER PT J AU Al-Karaki, GN Al-Raddad, A Clark, RB AF Al-Karaki, GN Al-Raddad, A Clark, RB TI Water stress and mycorrhizal isolate effects on growth and nutrient acquisition of wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; SOIL-PH; FUNGI; PLANTS; INOCULATION; RESPONSES; PHOSPHORUS; INFECTION; NUTRITION AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonized plants often have greater tolerance to drought than nonmycorrhizal (nonAM) plants. Wheat(Triticum durum Desf.), whose roots were colonized with Glomus mosseae (Gms) and G. monosporum (Gmn), were grown in a greenhouse to determine effects of water stress (WS) on shoot and root dry matter (DM), root length (RL), and shoot phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) concentrations and contents. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in well-watered (nonWS) plants colonized with both AM isolates than WS plants, and Gms had greater colonization than Gmn under both soil moisture conditions. Shoot and root DM were higher in AM than in nonAM plants irrespective of soil moisture, and Gms plants had higher shoot but not root DM than Gmn plants grown under either soil moisture condition. Total RL of AM plants was greater than nonAM plants, but was consistently lower for plants grown with WS than with nonWS. The AM plants had similar shoot P and Mn concentrations as nonAM plants, but contents were higher in AM than in nonAM plants. The AM plants had higher shoot Zn, Cu, and Fe concentrations and contents than nonAM plants. The Gms plants grown under nonWS generally had higher nutrient contents than Gmn plants, but nutrient contents were similar for both Gms and Gmn plants grown under WS. The results demonstrated a positive relationship between enhanced growth and AM root colonization for plants grown under nonWS and WS. C1 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Prod, Irbid, Jordan. Univ Jordan, Dept Plant Protect, Amman, Jordan. USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Al-Karaki, GN (reprint author), Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Prod, POB 3030, Irbid, Jordan. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 5 BP 891 EP 902 DI 10.1080/01904169809365451 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZN282 UT WOS:000073630300006 ER PT J AU Burton, JW Harlow, C Theil, EC AF Burton, JW Harlow, C Theil, EC TI Evidence for reutilization of nodule iron in soybean seed development SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PISUM-SATIVUM; ACCUMULATION; FERRITIN; TRANSPORT; PATTERNS; LEAVES; PLANTS AB Iron (Fe) is required in plants for the function of the important processes of photosynthesis, respiration, DNA synthesis, and nitrogen (N) fixation. Concentrations of Fe show tissue specific changes during development. In soybean seeds, Fe accumulates through the linear phase of seed development, but the source of seed Fe, whether remobilized from other tissues or taken from the root environment, is not known. Root nodules of legumes have higher concentrations of Fe than other vegetative organs. To examine whether nodules could provide Fe to the seeds, two cultivars (Tokyo and Arksoy), differing in seed ferritin and Fe content were grown in a phytotron and given a single dose of Fe-59-EDTA early in development [15 days after inoculation with Bradyrhizobium (DAI)]. The Fe-59 distribution as well as immunoreactive ferritin were examined throughout development in nodule, leaf, and seed tissue. Leaves, nodules, and seeds accounted for 75 to 87% of the total plant Fe-59 throughout the reproductive period with seeds increasing from 0 to 35-46% at maturity. The largest decrease in Fe-59 occurred in nodules. If all Fe-59 lost from nodules were translocated to seeds, then 40-59% of Fe-59 in seeds could have come from nodules for Tokyo or Arksoy, respectively. The remaining seed Fe came from vegetative tissue and from the rhizosphere. Seed Fe-59 in Tokyo was 2.5 times that of Arksoy. In both cultivars, Fe-59, soluble Fe, and ferritin concentrations in seed decreased from 39 DAI until maturity, suggesting that dry weight accumulation in seeds proceeds at a faster rate than Fe accumulation. Nodule ferritin remained constant suggesting a role in concentrating Fe for reutilization as nodules begin to senesce and decline in function. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 5 BP 913 EP 927 DI 10.1080/01904169809365453 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZN282 UT WOS:000073630300008 ER PT J AU Purcell, LC Serraj, R de Silva, M Sinclair, TR Bona, S AF Purcell, LC Serraj, R de Silva, M Sinclair, TR Bona, S TI Ureide concentration of field-grown soybean in response to drought and the relationship to nitrogen fixation SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID WATER; SENSITIVITY; NODULES AB Ureides accumulate in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) petioles during drought under greenhouse conditions despite decreased N-2 fixation and ureide production. Field experiments with water-deficit treatments were established to examine the possibility of ureide accumulation under natural drought-stress conditions. Tissue ureide concentration of drought tolerant 'Jackson' were compared with either 'Hutcheson' or 'Biloxi'. For mild water-deficit conditions, petiole ureide levels were greater than a well-watered treatment at ten sampling dates for Hutcheson compared to three dates for Jackson. At only two dates were there significant differences between genotypes in petiole ureide concentration, in which case petiole ureide concentration of Hutcheson was greater than Jackson. Under more severe water-deficit conditions, there were greater and more consistent increases in petiole ureide concentration for Jackson and Biloxi. Jackson, however, had lower petiole ureide concentration than Biloxi throughout the measurement period for both well-watered and water-deficit treatments. Ureide catabolism in leaves during reproductive development was found to be negatively associated with petiole ureide concentration of Hutcheson (r=-0.37, P=0.01), but not in Jackson (r=-0.12, P=0.44). These results indicated that increased ureide accumulation in response to water deficits experienced under field conditions was negatively associated with drought tolerance of N-2 fixation in these cultivars, and that petiole ureide accumulation may result from decreased ureide catabolism. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Biol, Marrakech, Morocco. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Padua, Fac Agraria, Dipartimento Agron Ambientale & Prod Vegetali, I-35100 Padua, Italy. RP Purcell, LC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, 276 Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 5 BP 949 EP 966 DI 10.1080/01904169809365456 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZN282 UT WOS:000073630300011 ER PT J AU Foy, CD Farina, MPW Oakes, AJ AF Foy, CD Farina, MPW Oakes, AJ TI Iron-manganese interactions among clones of Nilegrass SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-TOXIC SUBSOIL; TOLERANCES; GENOTYPES; ACID AB Tetraploid clones of Nilegrass (Acroceras macrum, Stapf.) develop a chlorosis resembling iron (Fe) deficiency on acid (pH 5.0) soils in the Midlands of KwaZulu, Natal, South Africa. Hexaploid and pentaploid clones appear more resistant to the disorder. Iron deficiency would not be expected in such acid soils, but foliar sprays of Fe sulfate reduce the symptoms within 24 hours. Aluminum (Al) toxicity has been ruled out as a cause of this chlorosis on the basis of soil tests. Manganese (Mn)-induced Fe deficiency has been postulated. Six Nilegrass clones, differing in ploidy levels, were grown under low Fe or high Mn levels in nutrient solutions, in Mn-toxic soil, in calcareous soil and in a standard potting soil at pH 7.0. Differential chlorosis symptoms, similar to those observed in the field, were reproduced in plants grown in low Fe or high Mn solutions, in neutral potting soil and in calcareous soil at pH 7.8. Based on plant symptoms and dry weights, the tetraploids were generally more sensitive to these conditions than hexaploid or pentaploid clones. However, in Mn-toxic soil, plants had leaf tip necrosis rather than the chlorosis typical of Fe deficiency. When grown in a standard potting soil at pH 7.0, plants showing chlorosis accumulated higher concentrations of phosphorus (P), Al, copper (Cu), Mn, Fe, and zinc (Zn) than non-chlorotic plants. Differential susceptibility to chlorosis is apparently associated with interference of such elements in Fe metabolism, and not with differential Fe concentrations in plant shoots. Additional studies are needed to determine the chemical states of Fe and Mn in root zones and within plant shoots of these clones. Resolution of the differential chlorosis phenomenon would contribute to fundamental knowledge in mineral nutrition and could be helpful in tailoring plant genotypes to fit problem soils. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Resources Inst, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Grain Crops Res Inst, Pietermartizburg, South Africa. RP Foy, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Resources Inst, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 5 BP 987 EP 1009 DI 10.1080/01904169809365459 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZN282 UT WOS:000073630300014 ER PT J AU Foy, CD Murray, JJ AF Foy, CD Murray, JJ TI Developing aluminum-tolerant strains of tall fescue for acid soils SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; SUBSOIL; MECHANISMS; GROWTH; GYPSUM; AMENDMENTS; CULTIVARS; EXUDATION; ROOTS; PH AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important cool season perennial grass used for forage and turf. It is reportedly more tolerant to acid soils than Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) but less tolerant than the fine leafed fescues. In previous studies, Kentucky 31 was the most acid soil tolerant cultivar tested on aluminum (Al)-toxic Tatum subsoil at pH 4.3. However, a few plants within several cultivars showed high tolerance to this acid soil. This suggested the potential for increasing acid soil (Al) tolerance by selection within established cultivars. Aluminum-tolerant cultivars are needed for use on marginal soils having acid (pH <5.0), Al-toxic surface and/or subsoil horizons. Such soils are often involved in low level management systems of forage production or turf maintenance. To exploit this genetic variability, populations of tall fescue, obtained by recurrent selection fi om three parents (Ky-31, Alta, and a turf-type fescue), on acid, Al-toxic Tatum subsoil were tested for Al tolerance on the same acid soil and in nutrient solutions, in comparison with their parents. In general, recurrent selections were more tolerant to the acid subsoil at pH 4.2 (compared with pH 5.7) than were their parents. They also produced more absolute green and dry shoot weights on unlimed soil at pH 4.2 than parents. Based on relative green shoot weight (wt at pH 4.2 /wt at pH 5.7 x 100), two cycles of recurrent selection on acid Tatum subsoil increased tolerance to the same soil by 75, 33, and 107% for Ky-31, Alta, and turf-type fescues, respectively. Based on relative dry shoot weight, acid soil tolerance was increased by 50, 18, and 70% for Ky-31, Alta, and turf-type fescues, respectively. In the turf-type fescue, recurrent selection increased acid soil tolerance to a greater degree in the first cycle than in the second. In this selection (TT0), relative dry weights were increased by 99% for shoots and 111% for roots. Increases in acid soil tolerance were more pronounced in derivatives of Ky-31 and turf-type than in those of Alta fescue. When plants were grown in nutrient solutions, recurrent acid soil selections of Ky31 and turf-type fescues showed increased overall plant vigor and Al tolerance, but those of Alta fescue did not. Recurrent acid soil selection was more effective in increasing acid soil tolerance per se than in increasing AZ tolerance in nutrient solutions. Increased acid soil (Al) tolerance in the first and second cycle selections in the Ky-31 cultivar was associated with greater plant-induced pH increases in nutrient solutions than those produced by the parent cultivar. A lower pH in solution means that the parent Ky-31 cultivar was exposed to higher concentrations of soluble Al than were its derivatives. Results indicated that established cultivars of tall fescue contain considerable genetic variation with respect to acid soil tolerance and that recurrent selection can be used to identify genotypes that are better adapted to acid marginal soils that are frequently used in low level management systems for forage or turf. During a severe drought, a field plot of KpH(2) remained green 10 days longer than that of the parent cultivar Ky-31. Hence, acid soil (Al) tolerance coincided with drought tolerance. C1 USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Field Crops Lab, Plant Genet & Germplasm Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Foy, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1301 EP 1325 DI 10.1080/01904169809365483 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZV378 UT WOS:000074298600018 ER PT J AU Ponder, F AF Ponder, F TI Fertilizer combinations benefit diameter growth of plantation black walnut SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB The diameter at breast height (dbh) growth of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) trees in an 18-year-old plantation was measured over 4 years to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization separately, in combination, and with and without phosphorus (P), broadcast annually at two rates. Trees in treatments containing N had significantly better dbh growth than trees in other treatments. However, doubling the application rate of 310 kg ha(-1) of N and P and 490 kg ha(-1) of K had no significant effect on dbh growth. There was a positive significant correlation for leaf N and dbh growth. The significant negative correlation between leaf P and dbh growth suggests that soil P concentrations may be less than the amount needed for accelerated dbh growth. C1 Lincoln Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Ponder, F (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 208 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1329 EP 1337 DI 10.1080/01904169809365486 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 102EK UT WOS:000074911200001 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Torbert, HA Runion, GB Mullins, GL Rogers, HH Mauney, JR AF Prior, SA Torbert, HA Runion, GB Mullins, GL Rogers, HH Mauney, JR TI Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on cotton nutrient dynamics SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; ROOT-GROWTH; RESPONSES; ENVIRONMENT; RHIZOSPHERE; SEEDLINGS; YIELD AB The rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is predicted to have positive effects on agro-ecosystem productivity. However, an area which requires further study centers on nutrient dynamics of crops grown under elevated CO2 in the field. In 1989 and 1990, cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.) Deltapine 77'] was grown under two CO2 levels [370 mu mol mol(-1)=ambient and 550 mu mol mol(-1)=free-air CO2 enrichment(FACE)]. At physiological maturity, nutrient concentration and content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were determined for whole plant and individual plant organs. While the effects of added CO2 on whole plant nutrient concentrations and contents were consistent, some differences among plant organs were observed between years. FACE often decreased tissue nutrient concentration, but increased total nutrient accumulation. Results indicate that under elevated CO2, field grown cotton was more nutrient efficient in terms of nutrient retrieval from the soil and nutrient utilization in the plant. This implies more efficient fertilizer utilization, better economic return for fertilizer expenditures, and reduced environmental impact from agricultural fertilization practices in the future. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, POB 3439, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1407 EP 1426 DI 10.1080/01904169809365492 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 102EK UT WOS:000074911200007 ER PT J AU Acock, MC Johnson, EL AF Acock, MC Johnson, EL TI Modeling the effects of nitrogen on components of coca yield SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA; ALKALOID CONTENT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES AB Estimating yields (leaf dry weights) of Erythroxylum coca var. coca Lam. (coca) in regions where there is no access requires a method that can be used remotely. A simulation model that characterizes coca growth under varying weather conditions offers such a method. To develop this model, crop response to its environment must be quantified. The current experiment examined how a range in nitrogen (N) availability affected N status of various parts of the coca plant and components of yield. Minimal and maximal values for N concentration in leaves, stems, and roots were determined and N status calculated. Young leaves (a small yield component) had the highest N concentration, the greatest demand for N, and showed the greatest N stress. Old leaves had the next highest N concentration and a high demand for N, but showed the lowest N stress. Nitrogen status in old leaves was most affected by N availability. Dry weights of each leaf type increased with increased N availability, but leaf cocaine concentration was not affected. Stems and taproots had the lowest N concentrations and these were not affected by N availability. Lateral roots, closer to the source of N, had N concentrations that reflected N availability, however lateral root dry weights were not affected by N supply. Increased N availability increased (a) the number of growing points on the plant, (b) the number of leaves per growing point, and (c) the size of old leaves. Increases in these components translate into increased yields. Leaf yields correlated with the N status of leaves (r=0.58, p less than or equal to 0.001), but variability in leaf yields for a given N status was too high to have strong predictive power. C1 ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Weed Sci Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Acock, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1501 EP 1509 DI 10.1080/01904169809365498 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 102EK UT WOS:000074911200013 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD Jolley, VD Robbins, CW Terry, RE AF Tarkalson, DD Jolley, VD Robbins, CW Terry, RE TI Mycorrhizal colonization and nutrient uptake of dry bean in manure and compost manure treated subsoil and untreated topsoil and subsoil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; ZINC UPTAKE; SOIL; GROWTH; FUNGI; INFECTION; SOYBEANS; MATTER; CORN AB Eroded or leveled Portneuf silt loam soils (coarse-silty mixed mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid) have been restored to topsoil productivity levels by manure application, but not by other organic sources such as cheese whey. In dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Viva), only soil organic matter and Zn concentration of leaf tissue correlated with improved yields. Manure application could potentially increase or decrease mycorrhizal colonization depending on which factors dominate. Manured and unmanured soils from a long-term field experiment were sampled and mycorrhizal spores were quantified, but there was no significant manure treatment effect on spore numbers. A greenhouse study was conducted to see if manure or composted manure freshly applied to subsoils would facilitate mycorrhizal colonization in dry bean roots compared to untreated topsoil or conventionally fertilized subsoil. Low level colonization (< 5%) was observed 21 days after planting and that increased to 58% by 56 days after planting. Roots grown on subsoil treated with manure or composted manure showed higher percent colonization than roots from untreated subsoil, but roots on topsoil had highest colonization. This increase in colonization was statistically significant for the last two sampling dates. Topsoil promoted the greatest percent colonization in early bean growth and this was reflected in greater Zn uptake during early growth stages. By day 56, plants grown in manured subsoil absorbed Zn equal to topsoil and at higher levels than the subsoil control. However, this increase in Zn uptake was not seen in plants grown in compost manured subsoil. A decrease in root and shoot weight was observed in the composted manure treatment and this seemed to decrease mycorrhizal efficiency. Uptake of other nutrients was either not related or was negatively related to mycorrhizal infection. The higher percent colonization of roots by mycorrhizal fungi stimulated by manure could explain the field observations of higher bean yield and Zn contents in dry bean in manured than in untreated subsoils. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1867 EP 1878 DI 10.1080/01904169809365529 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115XZ UT WOS:000075692800007 ER PT J AU Foy, CD Murray, JJ AF Foy, CD Murray, JJ TI Responses of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars to excess aluminum in nutrient solutions SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ROOT-GROWTH; SUPPLEMENTAL BORON; TOXIC SUBSOIL; TOLERANCE; WHEAT; MECHANISMS; ACID; ELONGATION; PREVENTION; GENOTYPES AB Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., is generally regarded as an acid-soil-sensitive species. However, previous studies in our laboratory showed that cultivars within the species differed widely in tolerance to acid Tatum subsoil (pH 4.6) which is used routinely to screen plants for aluminum (Al) tolerance. In the early studies, specific differential Al tolerance was not demonstrated. The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis of differential Al tolerance more precisely in nutrient solutions. In one experiment, acid-soil-tolerant Victa and Fylking and acid-soil-sensitive Windsor and Kenblue cultivars were grown for 35 days in nutrient solutions containing 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 mg Al L-1, at initial pH 4.5, with no subsequent adjustment. In a second experiment, Victa and Windsor were grown for 30 days in solutions containing 0, 4, and 6 mg Al L-1, at initial pH 4.5, with no further adjustment. For Victa and Windsor, tolerance to Al in nutrient solution corresponded with tolerance to acid Tatum subsoil, however, the cultivar difference in tolerance, based on relative root dry weight, was only about 2-fold, compared with 20-fold in acid Tatum subsoil. Fylking and Kenblue cultivars, which showed a wide difference in tolerance to acid Tatum subsoil, did not show distinct differences in tolerance to Al in nutrient solutions. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Superior Al tolerance of Victa (compared with Windsor) was associated with a greater plant-induced increase in the pH of its nutrient solutions and a corresponding decrease in concentrations of soluble Al in the filtered solutions at the end of the experiments. Greater Al sensitivity in Windsor (compared with Victa) was not related to reduced uptake of phosphorus (P) or excessive uptake of Al; neither cultivar accumulated appreciable Al concentrations in its shoots. The observed differential acid soil and Al tolerance among bluegrass cultivars appears worthy of further study. Improved understanding of Al tolerance mechanisms would contribute to fundamental knowledge of plant mineral nutrition and could aid plant breeders in tailoring plants for greater tolerance to acid subsoils. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Resources Inst, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Foy, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Resources Inst, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1967 EP 1983 DI 10.1080/01904169809365537 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115XZ UT WOS:000075692800015 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD Jolley, VD Robbins, CW Terry, RE AF Tarkalson, DD Jolley, VD Robbins, CW Terry, RE TI Mycorrhizal colonization and nutrition of wheat and sweet corn grown in manure-treated and untreated topsoil and subsoil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; ZINC UPTAKE; SOIL; INFECTION; FUNGI; INOCULATION; PHOSPHORUS; RESPONSES; MATTER AB Dry bean yields (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were raised to similar levels as the topsoil by manure application to eroded or leveled Portneuf silt loam soil (coarse-silty mixed mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid). Only soil organic matter and zinc (Zn) content of leaf tissue were correlated with improved yields. Manure application increased mycorrhizal colonization and Zn uptake in pot experiments with dry bean which would explain the increased yields in the field. A field study was conducted to see if similar effects of manure and mycorrhizal colonization could be observed in field grown spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.). This study was conducted on existing experiments established in the spring of 1991 at the USDA-ARS farm in Kimberly, Idaho, to study crop rotation/organic matter amendment treatments on exposed subsoils and focused on mycorrhizal colonization as related to topsoils and subsoils treated with conventional fertilizer (untreated) or dairy manure. Mycorrhizal root colonization was higher with untreated than with manure-treated wheat and sweet corn. Root colonization was also higher in subsoil than in topsoil for wheat, but there were no differences between soils for sweet corn. Shoot Zn and manganese (Mn) concentrations generally increased with increased root colonization for both species (except between soils with corn Mn contents). Wheat shoot potassium (K) concentration was increased by manure application, but the affect declined with time, was the opposite of colonization and was not observed with sweet corn. Phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) concentrations either were not influenced or were erratically affected by mycorrhizal colonization. Yields of wheat were highest for manure-treated subsoil and topsoil compared to untreated soils. Mycorrhizal colonization was different between conventional and manure-treated soils and between topsoil and subsoil and these differences increased Zn and Mn uptake, but they did not explain the improvement in wheat yields obtained with manure application. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1985 EP 1999 DI 10.1080/01904169809365538 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115XZ UT WOS:000075692800016 ER PT J AU Sa, TN Israel, DW AF Sa, TN Israel, DW TI Phosphorus-deficiency effects on response of symbiotic N-2 fixation and carbohydrate status in soybean to atmospheric CO2 enrichment SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; TOTAL NITROGEN; GLYCINE-MAX; SEED YIELD; GROWTH; PLANTS; NUTRITION AB The impact of phosphorus (P) deficiency on response of symbiotic N-2 fixation and carbohydrate accumulation in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) to atmospheric CO2 enrichment was examined. Plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN 110 were grown in growth chambers with controlled atmospheres of 400 and 800 mu L CO2 L-1 and supplied either 1.0 mM-P (P-sufficient) or 0.05 mM-P (P-deficient) nitrogen (N)-free nutrient solution. When plants were supplied with sufficient P, CO2 enrichment significantly increased whole plant dry mass (83%), nodule mass (67%), total nitrogenase activity (58%), and N (35%) and P (47%) accumulation at 35 days after transplanting (DAT). Under sufficient P supply, CO2 enrichment significantly increased starch concentrations in nodules compared to the normal atmospheric CO2 treatment. Under normal CO2 levels (400 mu L L-1) nonstructural carbohydrate concentration (starch plus soluble sugar) was significantly higher in leaves of P-deficient plants than in leaves of P-sufficient plants in which nonstructural carbohydrate concentration exhibited a strong diumal pattern. Under deficient P supply whole plant dry mass, symbiotic N-2-fixation parameters, and N and P accumulation were not enhanced by atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Phosphorus deficiency decreased nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation in nodules at the end of a 10-day period in which functional activity was developing by 86% relative to P-sufficient controls. While P deficiency elicited significant increases in the nonstructural carbohydrate concentration in leaves, it caused significant decreases in the nonstructural carbohydrate concentration in nodules over the diurnal cycle from 30 to 31 DAT. Collectively, these results indicate that the lack of a symbiotic N-2-fixation response to atmospheric CO2 enrichment by P-deficient plants may be related to the decreased carbohydrate status of nodules. C1 Sun Moon Univ, Div Food Resources, Asan 336840, Chungnam, South Korea. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Plant Physiol Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sa, TN (reprint author), Sun Moon Univ, Div Food Resources, Asan 336840, Chungnam, South Korea. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2207 EP 2218 DI 10.1080/01904169809365555 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 127YZ UT WOS:000076379600014 ER PT J AU Heitholt, JJ Meredith, WR Rayburn, ST AF Heitholt, JJ Meredith, WR Rayburn, ST TI Leaf area index response of four obsolete and four modern cotton cultivars to two nitrogen levels SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GROWTH; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PIMA COTTON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; YIELD AB The optimal nitrogen (N) rate for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the late 20th century is greater than it was in the middle of the century (112 versus 27 kg ha(-1)). Part of the reason for this difference is that modern cultivars exhibit a greater harvest index than obsolete cultivars. This greater harvest index helps to allow modern cultivars to utilize greater N rates. However, factors other than harvest index, such as the development of leaf area in response to N, may also play an important role. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize leaf area index (LAI) of four obsolete and four modern cultivars at a low and high fertilizer N level. Cotton was grown in the field for two years (1992 and 1993) with two locations each year. The locations were a Beulah fine sandy loam and a Dubbs silt loam. Two preplant fertilizer-N rates were used, a low (22 kg N ha(-1)) and a high(112 kg N ha(-1)). Leaf area index was determined at three stages in each year (early, mid, and late season). Yield was determined at maturity. Averaged across years, locations, and cultivars, late-season LAI increased from 2.32 at 22 kg N ha(-1) to 3.15 at 112 kg N ha(-1) by late season. In 1992, modern and obsolete cultivars had similar LAI responses to N at early and mid season but by late season, LAI of modern cultivars was greater under high N than the obsolete cultivars (3.53 versus 2.95). Lint yield of the four modern cultivars was 372 kg ha(-1) greater than the four obsolete cultivars at 112 kg N ha(-1) and 289 kg lint ha(-1) greater at 22 kg N ha(-1) in 1992, The LAI response to N level of the modern cultivars was similar to that of obsolete cultivars in 1993 at all three sampling dates. In 1993, the lint yield of modern cultivars was 238 kg ha(-1) greater than obsolete cultivars under 112 kg N ha(-1) and 182 kg lint ha(-1) at 22 kg N ha(-1). In summary, our results best support the hypothesis that the higher yield of modern cultivars at high fertilizer N is unrelated to their LAI. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Heitholt, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2319 EP 2328 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 132ZT UT WOS:000076662500004 ER PT J AU Brauer, D AF Brauer, D TI Assessing the relative effects of hydrogen and aluminum ions on primary root growth of white clover seedlings SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY; SOILS AB White clover (Trifolium repens L., cultivar Huia), a dominant forage legume in Appalachia, usually grows poorly on acidic soils common to the region. The effects of bulk solution concentrations of calcium (Ca), hydrogen (H), and aluminum (Al) on the relative root growth (RRG) of white clover were determined using one- to three-day-old seedlings to assess the relative toxicity of H+ and Al. The RRG was affected by bulk solution concentrations of Ca, Al, and pH, in a manner indicative of significant interactions among these parameters. The RRG was directly related to the activities of Al3+ or H+ at the surface of the root as calculated by the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. Fifty percent inhibition of RRG occurred at activities of 5 and 200 mu M Al3+ and H+, respectively. A large part of the interaction between bulk solution concentrations of Ca, Al, and H could be explained by how these parameters affected the activities of these ions at the root surface. C1 USDA ARS, NAA, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, NAA, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, POB 400, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2429 EP 2439 DI 10.1080/01904169809365575 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 132ZT UT WOS:000076662500014 ER PT J AU Raese, JT AF Raese, JT TI Response of apple and pear trees to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SOIL; SEEDLINGS; ORCHARD AB Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees responded to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers. In low P soils, leaf, and fruit P concentrations were increased and yield was improved with moderate rates of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizers. Improved fruit quality including fruit firmness, red fruit color of 'Delicious' apples, and a lower incidence of fruit disorders of apples (bitter pit) and pears (alfalfa greening and cork spot) was frequently associated with trees that were fertilized with calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)(2)] (CN). Although yield was often improved in experiments containing N-P-K or MAP fertilizers, long-term use of N-P-K or MAP could be associated with a higher incidence of fruit disorders and a lower soil pH than with CN fertilizer at equivalent rates of N. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Raese, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2671 EP 2696 DI 10.1080/01904169809365597 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 143KB UT WOS:000077253400017 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Gardner, JC Rosek, MJ AF Karlen, DL Gardner, JC Rosek, MJ TI A soil quality framework for evaluating the impact of CRP SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB The book entitled "Soil and Water Quality: An Agenda for Agriculture" by the U.S, National Academy of Sciences caused people to ask whether soil quality assessments could be used to evaluate the impact of public policies such as the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), However, differences in scale, perception of soil quality, and the inability to directly measure soil quality led to significant uncertainty among several potential users, A major challenge was determining how to evaluate and combine information from different indicators to make an overall soil quality assessment that is meaningful. Our objectives are to present a structured approach for interpreting soil quality indicator data and to introduce a conceptual framework that can be used to link the various scales of evaluation, including those needed for assessing effectiveness of public policies such as the CRP. The framework and its use are discussed and demonstrated using soil quality indicator data from published and unpublished studies, On-farm measurements suggest that biological indicators such as microbial biomass and respiration were affected most quickly and to the greatest extent when cultivated land was converted to grassland, Applying the conceptual framework to this data suggests that enrolling fragile lands into CRP had a positive soil quality effect, It also indicates that using no-till practices to return CRP land to row-crop production will preserve soil quality benefits of the CRP, but tilling to prepare a seedbed will destroy the benefits almost immediately. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 50 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 56 EP 60 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZD404 UT WOS:000072681800005 ER PT J AU Turner, KE Belesky, DP Fedders, JM Solomon, MB AF Turner, KE Belesky, DP Fedders, JM Solomon, MB TI Autumn-grazed orchardgrass-white clover pasture: Nutritive value of herbage and lamb performance SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; TALL FESCUE; RAM LAMBS; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; GRASS; CHOLESTEROL; EFFICIENCY; SYSTEMS AB Performance of livestock grazing pasture is inherently variable. Pastures must be managed to optimize quantity and quality of herbage to meet the nutrient requirements of a specific class of livestock involved in a defined production goal. Consumer desires for healthier meat products have shifted the emphasis to lean, trim carcasses from livestock production systems using forage crops. The purpose of this study was to characterize herbage nutritive value changes in grass-legume pastures grazed during autumn and to compare growing lamb (Ovis aries) performance and carcass quality when grazing autumn pasture or fed concentrate in feedlot. Less crude protein (CP) from legume was available for use by grazers in 1992 than in 1991. Frequent clipping of autumn pasture resulted in herbage with greater nutritive value lower neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and higher in vitro organic matter disappearance [IVOMD]) than more mature stockpiled herbage. A computer model of energy determined from acid detergent fiber (ADF) nutritive value and herbage mass data predicted greater potential for lamb growth on intensively managed (clipped) vs. stockpiled herbage. Lambs fed grain had greater (P < 0.05) cumulative weight gain, average daily gain (ADC), slaughter weights, chilled carcass weights, dressing percentages, leg conformation scores, ribeye area (REA), fat over rib, quality grade, and yield grades than lambs grazed on autumn pasture. However, carcasses from lambs grazing pasture in autumn bad 14% less fat and about 8% more protein than lambs fed grain. While total fat content of carcasses was lower for pasture-grazed than grain-fed lambs, saturated fatty acid composition and cholesterol concentrations in lean tissue were not different. Percentage legume in the sward may have influenced the proportion of individual fatty acids in lean and fat. Market weight lambs may be produced from botanically complex autumn pasture. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Turner, KE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM kturner@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZD404 UT WOS:000072681800010 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Shirley, DW AF Teasdale, JR Shirley, DW TI Influence of herbicide application timing on corn production in a hairy vetch cover crop SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; NITROGEN RELEASE; VICIA-VILLOSA; SOIL-WATER; ZEA-MAYS; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB The time of killing a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop relative to planting no-tillage corn (Zee mays L.) is critical to optimizing the benefits derived from the cover crop mulch. Research was conducted to determine the optimum timing for herbicide application to control hairy vetch for no-tillage corn production. Herbicides were applied 1 to 3 wk before planting corn (preplant), immediately after planting corn (preemergence), or after corn emergence (postemergence). Herbicide plots were split by N sidedressing at 0 or 80 lb/acre. Biomass of hairy vetch increased by an average of 1620 lb/acre and N content increased by an average of 44 lb/acre between the preplant and preemergence application dates but little change occurred between the preemergence and postemergence application dates. Despite this N increase between herbicide applications, herbicide application date had no effect on corn response to sidedressed N, Soil texture did appear to influence corn response to sidedressed N; corn yield was higher when N was sidedressed in two experiments on coarse-textured soils but was not influenced by sidedressing in two experiments on fine-textured soils. Yield was higher when corn was grown with the preplant herbicide program than the preemergence herbicide program in one of four experiments and higher when corn was grown with the preplant herbicide program than the postemergence herbicide program in three of four experiments. Results indicate that optimum yield of corn grown in a hairy vetch cover crop requires killing vetch before planting but sidedressing with N may only be necessary on coarse-textured soils. C1 ARS, USDA, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Weed Sci Lab, Bldg 001,Room 323, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZD404 UT WOS:000072681800015 ER PT J AU Bailey, DW Sims, PL AF Bailey, DW Sims, PL TI Association of food quality and locations by cattle SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forage quality; palatability; spatial memory; maze; cattle ID DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; HERBIVORE AB Twelve yearling steers were observed in an 8-arm radial maze to determine the strength of the association between food quality and spatial locations following a 0- or 30-day delay, The study was conducted using 3 qualities of feed, low (straw), medium (alfalfa pellets), and high (grain). During phase 1, all 8 arms contained dehydrated alfalfa pellets, In phase 2, steers were fed either grain or wheat straw, in 2 arms (key arms). The remaining 6 arms contained alfalfa pellets. Six steers received straw in key arms, and 6 received grain. Key arms varied among steers and were selected so a change in arm selection patterns between phases would clearly be associated with corresponding changes in food quality, Straw was placed in arms that steers selected first during phase 1, and grain was placed in arms that were selected last in phase 1. Phase 3 began after a 0- or 30-day delay following phase 2. In this phase, all arms contained alfalfa Steers rarely reentered a previously entered arm indicating an accurate spatial memory for food location. The sequence of arm selections in phase 2 changed (P < 0.05) from the pattern established in phase 1, which demonstrated that cattle can associate food quality with spatial locations. The delay between phase 2 and 3 did not affect (P > 0.05) the selection patterns of steers that had grain in key arms, but did appear to affect the number and sequence of arm entries for steers receiving low quality food in key arms during phase 2. With no delay, steers that received straw in phase 2 did not enter key arms on the first day of phase 3, but after 30 days animals entered and consumed food in key arms, Steers with no delay entered key arms fewer (P = 0.03) times during phase 3 than steers that began 30 days later, This suggests that strength of the association between food quality and spatial locations can decline over time. C1 Montana State Univ, No Agr Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. ARS, USDA, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Bailey, DW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, No Agr Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 51 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.2307/4003555 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YQ747 UT WOS:000071419200001 ER PT J AU Brockway, DG Wolters, GL Pearson, HA Thill, RE Baldwin, VG Martin, A AF Brockway, DG Wolters, GL Pearson, HA Thill, RE Baldwin, VG Martin, A TI Understory plant response to site preparation and fertilization of loblolly and shortleaf pine forests SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE interspecific competition; plant succession; herbaceous biomass; disturbance; forest soils; phosphorus AB In developing an improved understanding of the dynamics of understory plant composition and productivity in Coastal Plain forest ecosystems, we examined the influence of site preparation and phosphorus fertilization on the successional trends of shrubs and herbaceous plants growing on lands of widely ranging subsoil texture in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas which are managed for southern pine production. Burn-inject, chop-burn, chop-burn-disk, double-chop, shear-burn, shear-windrow, and shear-windrow-disk site preparation methods were applied in a completely randomized split-plot design to sites with subsoil textures consisting of loam, gravelly-clay, silt, silty-clay, and clay, both fertilized with 73.4 kg P/ha and unfertilized. Site preparation method, subsoil texture, and fertilization influenced production of paspalums and other forbs the first growing season following treatment, but no treatment combination affected plant groups in subsequent years. Total herbaceous production increased 24 to 35-fold over pretreatment levels the first growing season after treatment. While site preparation methods had little influence on herbaceous biomass, subsoil texture affected herbaceous production the first year after treatment, with loam subsoils being most productive, Although annual composites were the most abundant herbaceous group the first year after treatment, they were largely replaced by perennial grasses by the third post-treatment growing season. By the seventh growing season following treatment, herbaceous production declined on all subsoil textures with composition and yield approximating pretreatment estimates. Subsoil texture influenced shrub density only in the first and third growing seasons after treatment. During the first few years after site preparation, herbaceous production appeared inversely related to shrub density. In the first and third post-treatment growing seasons, fertilization significantly increased total herbaceous production and biomass of composites and legumes. But 7 years after application, total herbaceous production and biomass of bluestems, other grasses, and sedges was greater on unfertilized areas. The absence of differences among treatments by the seventh post-treatment growing season indicates an overall long-term similarity in the degree of disturbance caused by application of each method in this ecosystem. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. ARS, USDA, S Cent Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Brockway, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 51 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.2307/4003563 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YQ747 UT WOS:000071419200009 ER PT J AU McCollum, FT Gillen, RL AF McCollum, FT Gillen, RL TI Grazing management affects nutrient intake by steers grazing tallgrass prairie SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE rangeland; short-duration grazing; nutrition; forage intake ID TILLER DEFOLIATION PATTERNS; DYNAMICS AB Indicators of nutrient intake were compared for beef steers grazing tallgrass prairie managed with continuous grazing or 8-paddock short-duration grazing, Two replicates of each grazing system were evaluated during the 2 year study, Stocking rates for the grazing systems were similar in both years, Within each treatment replicate, 3 steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae grazed for the entire grazing season (late April through late September) with larger groups of intact steers, Rest periods for the 8-paddock cells were lengthened as the season progressed and forage accumulation rate slowed, Trials occurred in early June and early August in year 1 and early July and early September in year 2, Flow of organic matter and nitrogen at the duodenum, fecal nitrogen concentration, and fecal output were used as indicators of nutritional status, Chromic oxide was used as a flow marker, Flow of organic matter, total nitrogen, and microbial nitrogen at the duodenum in addition to fecal output were lower (P < 0.04) with short-duration grazing and indicate that forage intake and digestible organic matter intake were depressed in steers on the short-duration grazing treatment, Forage digestible organic matter intake, estimated from microbial protein flow, was 19.3% lower (P < 0.03) on short-duration grazing, Fecal nitrogen concentration was higher (P < 0.03) for steers under continuous grazing, Diet crude protein estimated from fecal nitrogen was 24.4 g kg(-1) organic matter higher for continuous grazing, These results suggest that both diet nutrient composition and intake were depressed in steers in the short-duration grazing treatment, These observations partially explain the lower weight gains and higher end-of-season residual standing vegetation noted with short-duration grazing in concurrent grazing trials on these rangelands. C1 Texas A&M Res & Extens Ctr, Amarillo, TX 79109 USA. ARS, So Plains Res Stn, USDA, Woodward, OK USA. RP McCollum, FT (reprint author), Texas A&M Res & Extens Ctr, Amarillo, TX 79109 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 51 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.2307/4003566 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YQ747 UT WOS:000071419200012 ER PT J AU Ribaudo, MO AF Ribaudo, MO TI Lessons learned about the performance of USDA agricultural nonpoint source pollution programs SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID WATER-QUALITY; ADOPTION; VIRGINIA; FARMERS C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Ribaudo, MO (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1301 New York Ave NW,Room 508, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 1 BP 4 EP 10 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA ZB984 UT WOS:000072528000003 ER PT J AU Corwin, DL Loague, K Ellsworth, TR AF Corwin, DL Loague, K Ellsworth, TR TI GIS-based modeling of non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE geographic information system; groundwater vulnerability; solute transport; stream tube; uncertainty analysis AB The information age of the 1990s is a global consciousness where scientific and technological advances are assumed capable of salving global environmental problems. A significant characteristic of nonpoint source (MPS) pollution problems is the lack of regard for political boundaries and physical barriers between cities, states, nations, and continents. The widespread nature of such environmental problems often results in an analogous diffuse acceptance of responsibility for resolution. Thus, art ability to accurately assess the present and future impact of human activities on the global ecosystem would provide a most powerful basis for environmental stewardship and guiding future human actions. To responsibly respond to impaired ecosystem functioning (i.e., with respect to such issues as climatic change, stratospheric ozone depletion, species diversification, erosion, deforestation desertification, agricultural sustainability and nonpoint source pollution), it is necessary to examine these issues not only from a multidisciplinary systems-based approach, but also with an approach that accounts for spatial and temporal context The problem and philosophical issues of addressing NPS pollution is the vadose zone within a spatial and temporal context are presented. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Corwin, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA ZB984 UT WOS:000072528000008 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, TE Cogo, NP Blecha, ML AF Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, TE Cogo, NP Blecha, ML TI Tillage effects on water runoff and soil erosion after sod SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE CRP; erosion; runoff; infiltration; tillage ID SYSTEMS AB Cultivated soils that have been put into sod experience an improvement in soil structural properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of tillage systems on maintaining the infiltration characteristics of sod sad and the effect of tillage systems on water runoff and soil erosion. An alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) sad established in 1984 was converted back to cropland beginning in the spring of 1990. Tillage treatments established were moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till. Additional no-till treatments were established in 1991, 1992, and 1993. A grass sod treatment was also maintained for comparison. After planting in 1993, two rainfall simulation runs with an average rainfall application rates of 70 mm hr(-1) were conducted on selected treatments. Time of each run was one hour; the second run was conducted a minimum of six hours after the first run but most commonly the next day. Water runoff from the moldboard plowed treatments averaged 24 and 66% of the applied rainfall resulting in soil loss levels of 6.7 and 18.2 t ha(-1) for the two runs, respectively. Maximum observed water runoff for the no-till treatments was 3% of the applied rainfall resulting in a soil loss of 0.2 t ha(-1). No water runoff or soil loss was measured from the grass rod. These results show that soil characteristics developed under sad that were beneficial to a reduction in water runoff and soil erosion rapidly disappear with tillage, but can be maintained with no-till. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Lindstrom, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA ZB984 UT WOS:000072528000014 ER PT J AU Ghidey, F Alberts, EE AF Ghidey, F Alberts, EE TI Runoff and soil losses as affected by corn and soybean tillage systems SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE cropping system; runoff; soil loss; tillage ID RESIDUE AB Runoff and soil loss data were collected from seven cropping and tillage treatments over a 12-year period (1983-1994) from 28 (3.2 m wide by 27.4 m long) natural rainfall erosion plots located an a silt loam soil (Udollic Ochraqualf) near Kingdom City, MO. The treatments were continuous corn and soybean cropping under conventional, chisel and no-till tillage methods, and continuous cultivated fallow. Although cropping slightly influenced runoff and soil loss, the differences were not statistically significant (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). When averaged over tillage, mean annual runoff and soil loss from soybean were 3 and 12% higher than those from corn, respectively. Cropping effect on runoff was only significant (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) during the residue (P4) crop stage period. Most of the soil loss (approx 80% of the annual loss) occurred during the rough fallow (F) and seedbed (SB) periods. For these periods, cropping had no significant effect (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) on soil loss. Mean annual runoff and soil loss from continuous fallow were substantially greater compared to there from corn or soybean. Tillage, particularly no-till, had significant effects (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) on runoff and soil loss. When averaged over crop, no-till increased mean annual runoff by 14 and 20% compared to conventional and chisel, respectively. On the other hand, chisel decreased runoff by 5% compared to conventional. Soil loss from no-till method was 7 times lower than conventional and 5 times lower than chisel. Chisel lowered soil loss by 31% compared to conventional. The effects of tillage on runoff and soil loss were substantially greater during the F and SB cropstage periods. Overall, the study showed that (1) cropping had little effect on runoff and soil loss, and (2) no-till significantly increased runoff and substantially reduced soil loss when compared to the conventional method. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ghidey, F (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Fessehaie_ghidey@muccmail.missouri.edu NR 25 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA ZB984 UT WOS:000072528000015 ER PT J AU Nichols, DJ Daniel, TC Edwards, DR Mooe, PA Pote, DH AF Nichols, DJ Daniel, TC Edwards, DR Mooe, PA Pote, DH TI Use of grass filter strips to reduce 17 beta-estradiol in runoff from fescue-applied poultry litter SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE 17 beta-estradiol; animal waste; estrogen; grass filter strips; hormones; poultry litter; runoff; tall fescue; vegetative filter strips; water quality ID CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; SWINE MANURE; ESTROGENS; QUALITY; PLOTS; CONSTITUENTS; PHOSPHORUS AB Discharge of hormones contained in poultry litter into the environment may disrupt. the health and reproduction of fish and other animals. A runoff study was conducted to evaluate grass filter effectiveness in reducing transport of the estrogen hormone 17 beta-estradiol in runoff from pasture-applied poultry litter. The study objectives were ia determine the effects of source (litter-treated) length and grass filter length on runoff concentration and losses of 17 beta-estradiol from poultry litter applied to tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) plots. Litter was applied at 5 Mg/ha (2.2 ton/ac) to the upslope 6.1, 12.2, and 18.3 m (20, 40, and 60 ft) of 24.4-m (80-ft) long grass strips. The corresponding grass filter lengths were 18.3, 12.2, and 6.1 m (60, 40, and 20 ft), respectively, with the downslope edge of source areas evaluated as a 0-m long filter. Simulated rain was applied at 50 mm/h (2 in/h) to produce runoff samples for 17 beta-estradiol analysis. Runoff concentrations and mass losses were not significantly affected by source length and averaged 3.5 mu g/L (ppb) and 1413 mg/ha (0.02 oz/ac), respectively. Runoff concentrations were reduced by 58, 81, and 34% and mass losses by 79, 90, and 98% by filter lengths of 6.1, 12.2, and 18.3 m (20, 40, and 60 ft), respectively. The data from this research indicates that grass fitter. strips can effectively reduce runoff transport of 17 beta-estradiol from tall fescue-applied poultry litter. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Poultry Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Kentucky, Biosyst & Agr Engn Dept, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Daniel, TC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dnichols@comp.uark.edu NR 32 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 1 BP 74 EP 77 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA ZB984 UT WOS:000072528000017 ER PT J AU Brown, MJ Robbins, CW Freeborn, LL AF Brown, MJ Robbins, CW Freeborn, LL TI Combining cottage cheese whey and straw reduces erosion while increasing infiltration in furrow irrigation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE byproduct utilization; irrigation runoff; mulching; sediment reduction; sediment retention; soil conservation; water quality ID SODIC SOIL; ACID WHEY; SEDIMENT AB Calcareous silt loam soils are very susceptible to erosion when furrow irrigated. Placing loose straw cheese whey or cottage cheese and whey in the irrigation furrow dramatically reduces soil movement in the furrow. Straw or whey alone reduced soil loss by 60 to 85 percent and whey combined with straw reduced soil loss by 96 to 98 percent. These treatment also increased water intake rates by 50 to 60 percent. Straw and whey are often agricultural byproducts or washes than may be used to solve an environmental problem. C1 USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 2 BP 152 EP 156 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA ZQ176 UT WOS:000073829900012 ER PT J AU Unger, PW Vigil, MF AF Unger, PW Vigil, MF TI Cover crop effects on soil water relationships SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; cover crops; green manure crops; residue management; soil water content; soil water storage; water conservation ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SORGHUM PRODUCTION; GRAIN-SORGHUM; COTTON YIELD; WINTER-WHEAT; DRYLAND; SYSTEMS; CORN AB Cover crops help control erosion, prevent nutrient leaching fix nitrogen, improve sail conditions, and protect seedlings, but also use water, thus affecting soil water relationship for the next crop. Effects are positive when cover crops are managed to improve infiltration and decrease evaporation, or to remove water from a wet soil to allow timely establishment of the next crop. Effects are negative when they limit water for the next crop or aggravate a wet soil condition. Cover crops are better suited to humid and subhumid regions where precipitation is more reliable than to semiarid regions where precipitation is limited. Where cover crops are not used, use of conservation tillage that involves crop residue retention on the soil surface helps conserve soil water and provides many of the benefits of cover crops, except for nitrogen fixation, soil nutrient (especially nitrate) uptake to prevent leaching, excess water removal and additional organic matter inputs. C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80722 USA. RP Unger, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 56 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 8 U2 51 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 200 EP 207 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 120MX UT WOS:000075961100004 ER PT J AU Dabney, SM AF Dabney, SM TI Cover crop impacts on watershed hydrology SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE erosion; infiltration; rooting depth; runoff ID NO-TILL; SOIL LOSS; INFILTRATION; SYSTEMS; RUNOFF; ALFALFA; EROSION; COTTON; CORN AB Cover crops alter many aspects of the hydrologic cycle. They increase evapotranspiration while growing and can enhance water infiltration into soil, slow runoff rates, and reduce soil erosion in both conventional-till and no-till systems throughout the year. However, the difference between the results of plot and watershed studies demonstrate that caution should be taken in extrapolating plot data to watershed scales. Rs scale increases, so does the influence of hydraulically-controlling subsurface soil horizons. Unfortunately, mast of the available cover crop research comes from relatively small plots and very few watershed studies have been initiated in recent years. Perennial cover crops offer the potential for altering the porosity of subsurface soil horizons so as to increase future soil productivity and reduce future runoff amounts and rates. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Dabney, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 51 TC 62 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 36 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 120MX UT WOS:000075961100005 ER PT J AU Reicosky, DC Forcella, F AF Reicosky, DC Forcella, F TI Cover crop and soil quality interactions in agroecosystems SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE air quality; biomass; carbon dioxide; carbon cycle; organic matter; soil carbon; sustainable systems ID CORN AB Maintaining environmental quality implies sustainable agricultural production systems that preserve and protect soil resources. Cover crops play a dual role maintaining resource quality by providing ground cover to prevent wind and water erosion and carbon input to enhance soil quality. Carbon input from cover crops and crop stover play a vital role in agroecosystems for insuring long-term economic benefits with minimal impact on soil, water and air quality. The fresh carbon from cover crops is critical because of the role of the soil organic carbon cycle in controlling water, temperature, aeration, and soil structure. Both aboveground and root biomass are important to chemical and biological properties for the role in nutrient cycling. The benefits of available nitrogen from symbiotic fixation makes legume cover crops an environmental and economic preference. Use of selected cover crops and associated allelopathic effects can reduce chemicals required for weed control. While there are positive and negative aspects of cover crops from the economic viewpoint, when environmental costs are properly credited, cover crops surface as a major contribution to soil and environmental quality. The challenge is to assure cost-effective production using cover crops to maintain a healthy environment, a healthy economy, and a high quality of life. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 25 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 50 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 224 EP 229 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 120MX UT WOS:000075961100008 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA AF Delgado, JA TI Sequential NLEAP simulations to examine effect of early and late planted winter cover crops on nitrogen dynamics SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE lettuce; nitrate leaching; nitrogen; nitrogen use efficiency; NLEAP; potato; rye; water quality; wheat; winter cover crops ID IRRIGATED LEAF LETTUCE; NO-TILLAGE CORN; WATER INTERACTIONS; MANAGEMENT AB In different studies conducted during the last 10 years, underground well water NO3--N concentrations have been found to exceed drinking water standards of 10 mg NO3--N L-1 (10 ppm)Sor some areas of the San Luis Valley of south central Colorado. Same of these studies reported that NO3--N leaching is a factor that can contribute to these high well water NO3--N concentrations. Computer models are technology transfer tools that can assess impacts of best irrigation and nutrient management practices Sequential computer simulations of the effects of winter cover crop planting date on residual soil NO3--N concentrations have not been previously conducted. The new version 1.2 of the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model was used to conduct an assessment of the effect of winter cover crop planting date on conservation of water quality The NLEAP model simulated a lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) - winter cover wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and lye (Secale cereale L.) (early- or late-planted) potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotation, grown on a center-pivot irrigated Kerber loamy sand. Winter cover crops increased the system N use efficiency (NUE) (P<0.05). The effect of early-planted winter cover craps on conservation of water quality extended into the potato growing season, increasing NUE and reducing NO3--N leaching (P<0.05). C1 USDA ARS, SPNRU, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPNRU, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 120MX UT WOS:000075961100010 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Halvorson, AD AF Wienhold, BJ Halvorson, AD TI Cropping system influences on several soil quality attributes in the northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; crop rotation; organic carbon; organic nitrogen; microbe numbers; summer fallow ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; BROWN CHERNOZEM; BLACK CHERNOZEM; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; WHEAT-FALLOW; NO-TILL; ROTATIONS; FERTILIZATION; NITROGEN AB Crop-fallow using conventional mechanical tillage has been the traditional management practice for farmers in the semi-arid northern Great Plains. This practice reduces soil quality and is not sustainable. More intensive management systems utilizing reduced- or no-tillage, fertilization to meet a yield goal! and systems producing a crop annually are being developed. In 1984, a study Ic,ar initiated to compare crop yield, water-use efficiency, and nutrient-use efficiency under a spring wheat-fallow system to that under a spring wheat-winter wheat-sunflower annual cropping system. In 1995, sail samples were collected and laboratory analyses performed to quantify a number of soil quality attributes and determine the effect these management practices have had on soil quality after II years. Soil quality attributes were greater under annual cropping than under crop-fallow and improved as tillage intensity decreased these results suggest that the more intensive management strategies are more sustainable. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 120MX UT WOS:000075961100013 ER PT J AU Bauer, PJ Sadler, EJ Busscher, WJ AF Bauer, PJ Sadler, EJ Busscher, WJ TI Spatial analysis of biomass and N accumulation of a winter wheat cover crop grown after a drought-stressed corn crop in the SE coastal plain SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE residual nitrogen fertilizer; site-specific management; spatial variability; wheat biomass ID FERTILIZER NITROGEN AB Spatial variability in crop yield ran cause large within-field differences in fertilizer N removal. Cereal winter cover crops can trap the residual N, but their ability to do so partially depends on the soil conditions that determine growth. Our objective was to determine site-specific effects of soil variation on biomass and N accumulation by a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop that was grown after a droughted corn (Zea maize L.) crop. In 1993, corn wads grown with an applied fertilizer N rate of 129 kg ha(-1) an an 8-ha field near Florence, SC. Nitrogen removed by grain at 10 locations (representing six soil types) ranged from 14 to 41 kg: N ha(-1). Wheat was planted in November without additional fertilizer N Wheat biomass and N content were measured on 15 March, 15 April, and 14 May Inorganic soil N to a depth of 90 cm was measured on 22 March 1994 and ranged from 49 to 95 kg ha(-1). By mid-March, wheat accumulated 49% of its total N but only 14% of its biomass of that measured in May. After mid April, significant increases in N accumulation occurred at only two sites. Biomass accumulation by mid-May ranged from 2032 to 7914 kg ha(-1) and N accumulation ranged from 19 to 52 kg ha(-1). The amount of variability among sites for wheat biomass was greater than the amount of variability among sites for N. Variation for wheat biomass and N accumulation within soil map units was similar to the amount of variation among soil map units. Most of the variability was caused by differences in sites within and among soils associated with depression areas Around these depression areas, site-specific management of N inputs appears more effective than cover craps at reducing N lasses to the environment. Away from these areas, cover crops should be predictable and reliable in crapping N and increasing soil organic matter. C1 USDA, ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Bauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 120MX UT WOS:000075961100014 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Sauer, TJ AF Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Sauer, TJ TI Surface energy balance partitioning over rye and oats cover crops in central Iowa SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Bowen-ratio; crop-water use; evapotranspiration; latent heat; sensible heat ID EVAPORATION; SOIL; TILLAGE AB Evaporation from fields, sub-basins, and watersheds during the fall and winter period has been assumed insignificant relative to the yearly water balance. The partitioning of surface energy balance components over an oat/rye cover crop during the fall and winter periods has nor been routinely conducted and is not entirely understood The objective of this study was to evaluate surface energy partitioning over an oat/rye cover crop and bare soil beyond the? normal growing season. In central Iowa three fields representing an oat and rye cover crop and a bare soil were instrumented to measure net radiation, soil, sensible and latent heat fluxes using a! Bowen-ratio technique. Monitoring from October through March was conducted for three years beginning in 1994 and ending in 1997. Results show that energy partitioning at the surface over lye, oats, and bare soil during the fall/winter period is driven by climate, snow, residue cover, and available energy. Seasonal evaporation totals from mid-October through late-February ranged from 118 to 205 mm for the 3 year study. C1 USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA, Biomass Res Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Prueger, JH (reprint author), USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 120MX UT WOS:000075961100015 ER PT J AU Buhler, DD Kohler, KA Foster, MS AF Buhler, DD Kohler, KA Foster, MS TI Spring seeded smother plants for weed control in corn and soybean SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE annual medics; Berseem clover; cover crops; integrated weed management; yellow mustard ID UNITED-STATES; ZEA-MAYS AB Considerable interest exists in the development of alternate weed management options. Spring-seeded smother plants may provide an alternative to current weed management practices through management of interplant competition and surface residues. Experiments were conducted in corn and soybeans in 1995 and 1996 at Sioux Center and Ames, IA. Caliph medic, Santiago medic, Sava medic, Berseem clover, and yellow mustard were evaluated as potential smother plants. The smother plants were seeded and incorporated in a 25-cm-wide band over the crop role, immediately after crop planting Weed suppression ranged from 19 to 90% among the smother plant species. The effect of smother plants on corn and soybean yields varied among locations, years, smother plant species, and weed pressure. In some instances, yields with smother plants were equal to weed-free crops, While at other times yields were as low as the weedy crop. These results imply that smother plants have potential for weed control However, more research is needed to reduce variability and to gain more insight on biological management and competitive interactions among weeds smother plants, and the harvested crop. C1 Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buhler, DD (reprint author), Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 120MX UT WOS:000075961100017 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Kaspar, TC Kohler, KA Corak, SJ Logsdon, SD AF Johnson, TJ Kaspar, TC Kohler, KA Corak, SJ Logsdon, SD TI Oat and rye overseeded into soybean as fall cover crops in the upper Midwest SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE corn; cover crops; dry matter; no-till; residue cover; yields ID CORN GROWTH; NITROGEN; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE; SOIL AB Oat, rye, and an oat-rye mixture were overseeded into soybean in August to determine the shoot dry matter and residue cover produced by these cover mops and their effete on sequent soybean and corn yield. The oat cover crop reduced soybean yield in only one year and the other cover crops had no effect. Fall cover mop shoot dry matter averaged 440 kg ha(-1) and did not differ among the three cover crops. Rye shoot dry matter measured in the spring averaged 1660 kg ha(-1) for the rye and oat-rye mixture. Cover mops increased surface residue cover by 7 to 18% in some years. Corn yields were reduced following rye and oat-rye cover crops, but were not reduced by the oat cover crop. Oat overseeded into soybean is a viable cover crop system in Iowa and unlike rye, does not reduce yield of the following corn crop. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, NAS Prod, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 276 EP 279 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 120MX UT WOS:000075961100018 ER PT J AU Trout, T AF Trout, T TI The impact of irrigated agriculture SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Fresno, CA USA. RP Trout, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Fresno, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 4 BP 298 EP 298 PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 154QB UT WOS:000077898900001 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL AF Hatfield, JL TI Cover crops summary SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 4 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 154QB UT WOS:000077898900002 ER PT J AU Camp, CR Sadler, EJ AF Camp, CR Sadler, EJ TI Site specific crop management with a center pivot SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE center pivot; computer-controlled management; fertilizer; irrigation; nutrients; pesticide; precision agriculture; site-specific management; variable rate application AB Traditionally, site-specific farming suggests the management of fertilizers and pesticides but research in the southeastern Coastal Plain suggests that spatial yield variability may be caused primarily by water relations. Site-specific management of water and chemical applications is difficult with conventional center pivot irrigation systems. Site-specific irrigation systems were developed to independently apply variable rates of water, nutrients, and pesticides to 100-cm(2) areas. Two commercial center pivot systems were modified by adding manifolds and nozzles along the truss to provide eight application depths within each of 13 10-m segments. A programmable, computer-controlled management system uses stored GIS data to provide the appropriate application rate for each area but can also be updated via real-time soil and crop measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Camp, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 4 BP 312 EP 314 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 154QB UT WOS:000077898900005 ER PT J AU Sojka, RE Lentz, RD Ross, CW Trout, TJ Bjorneberg, DL Aase, JK AF Sojka, RE Lentz, RD Ross, CW Trout, TJ Bjorneberg, DL Aase, JK TI Polyacrylamide effects on infiltration in irrigated agriculture SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE erosion; infiltration; intake; PAM; polyacrylamide; polymer; runoff; soil amendment; surface seal ID FURROW-IRRIGATION; SOIL-EROSION; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; RUNOFF; WATER; CONDITIONERS; AMENDMENTS; ENERGY; FIELD; PAM AB Polyacrylamide (PAM) for erosion control is an effective soil conservation practice used on about a million hectares worldwide. Initial research and promotion focused primarily on furrow irrigation erosion reduction and sediment retention. PAM use increases infiltration on fine- and medium-textured soils due to differences between and PAM-treated surface seals. However, subsurface compaction and texture reduce the infiltration effects of PAM use. Infiltration increases with AM in sprinkler irrigation are initially large, but more-transient than with furrow irrigation. Understanding these effects has important implications for management. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, IN USA. Landcare Res New Zealand Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand. ARS, USDA, Irrigat Management Res Unit, Fresno, CA USA. RP Sojka, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, IN USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 42 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 4 BP 325 EP 331 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 154QB UT WOS:000077898900008 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Follett, RF Sharkoff, JL Brodahl, MK Shaffer, MJ AF Delgado, JA Follett, RF Sharkoff, JL Brodahl, MK Shaffer, MJ TI NLEAP facts about nitrogen management SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE coarse fragments; computer models; irrigation; nitrate leaching; nitrogen use efficiency; NLEAP; potato; water quality; winter cover crops ID IRRIGATED LEAF LETTUCE; WATER INTERACTIONS AB An extensive database containing facts from the Nitrate Leaching and Economic lysis Package (NLEAP) about nitrogen was developed for different crops and varieties grown in the San Luis Valley of south central Colorado, This unique date set was used to develop a series of regional parameters to be used with a new 1.2 version of the NLEAP model. Version 1.2 is capable of conducting simulations on a baseline similar for different crops, varieties, management scenarios, and soil types, The development of these regional parameters and the calibration/validation of the model permits the evaluation of the effects of best management practices on residual soil NO3-N and transport of NO3-N in the soil profile for small grains and vegetable rotations. NLEAP 1.2 computer simulations suggested that the net process of NO3-N leaching can be reversed for coarse-textured soils and that there is potential for NO3-N mining when best management practices are implemented. These are important NLEAP facts that can potentially contribute to protect and improve water quality. C1 ARS, USDA, SPNRU, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA, NRCS, Denver, CO USA. ARS, USDA, WMRU, Ft Collins, CO USA. ARS, USDA, GPRSU, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SPNRU, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 4 BP 332 EP 337 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 154QB UT WOS:000077898900009 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Shaffer, M Brodahl, MK AF Delgado, JA Shaffer, M Brodahl, MK TI New NLEAP for shallow and deep rooted rotations - Irrigated agriculture in the San Luis Valley of south central Colorado SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE computer models; crop rotations; irrigation; nitrate leaching; NLEAP; root zone; water quality; winter cover crops ID SOIL NITRATE; SIMULATION AB The Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) is capable of providing an assessment of farm management practices on residual soil NO3--N. In the San Luis Valley, shallower root crops such as lettuce and potato, and deeper rooted crops such as winter cover crops or spring planted small grains, are grown in rotation, The NLEAP computer model needed to be modified so that it could simulate the effect of crop rotations based on the root zone depth of each crop. It also needed to simulate the effect of management practices on the residual soil NO3--N on an identical soil depth for the whale system. A new NLEAP program, Version 1.2, was developed to conduct an assessment on how much NO3--N is leaching beyond the reach of the deeper rooted crops in the rotation. This version is a potential technology transfer tool that can be used by extension agents, farmers, scientists, and educators. C1 ARS, USDA, SPNRU, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. ARS, USDA, GPRSU, Ft Collins, CO USA. ARS, USDA, WMRU, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SPNRU, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 4 BP 338 EP 340 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 154QB UT WOS:000077898900010 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Aiken, RM AF Nielsen, DC Aiken, RM TI Wind speed above and within sunflower stalks varying in height and population SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE friction velocity; silhouette area index; soil erosion; sunflower residue; wind speed ID EROSION; SALTATION; THRESHOLD AB Low amounts following sunflower harvest in the central Great Plains appear to leave the soil unprotected against wind erosion. No quantitative data exist describing the effects of standing sunflower residues on wind speed within the standing stalks. The objectives of this study were to measure the effects of stalk height, population, and diameter (quantified as silhouette area index) on: 1) wind speed within sunflower residue, 2) friction velocity, and 3) erosion ratio of bare surfaces compared with surfaces with standing stalks. As the silhouette area index increases in response to increases in stalk height, population, or diameter, wind speeds near the soil surface decrease, friction velocity increases, and erosion potential decreases. Typical amounts of standing sunflower stalks cut to a height of 50 to 70 cm (20 to 38 in) would reduce erosion to less than 5% of the amount predicted for a bare soil surface. C1 ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, OH USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, OH USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 1998 VL 53 IS 4 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 154QB UT WOS:000077898900012 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Ajwa, HA Wu, L Zambrzuski, S AF Banuelos, GS Ajwa, HA Wu, L Zambrzuski, S TI Selenium accumulation by Brassica napus grown in Se-laden soil from different depths of Kesterson Reservoir SO JOURNAL OF SOIL CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; selenium; Kesterson Reservoir; Brassica ID TRANSFORMATIONS; CALIFORNIA; PLANTS; BORON; FIELD; VOLATILIZATION; DIGESTION; REMOVAL; RATES; PH AB Selenium (Se) may be present in soils and sediments in high concentrations and yet not be mobile or available for plant uptake. Phytoremediation of Se by canola (Brassica napus) was evaluated in sediment from Kesterson Reservoir at three different depths (0 to 30, 30 to 60, 60 to 90 cm) under greenhouse and field conditions In the greenhouse study, total soil Se concentrations at preplant ranged from 10 to 112 mg kg(-1). Shoot Se concentrations of canola were 182, 53, and 19 mg kg(-1) DM in the 0 to 30 30 to 60, and 60 to 90 cm depths, respectively Percentages of Se accumulated by canola relative to fetal Se loss in the soil at postharvest were as high as 24%. In the field study, total soil Se concentrations were as high as 26 mg kg(-1) soil. Field-grown canola accumulated approximately 50 mg kg(-1) DM, which ao counted for less than 10% of total Se lost in the soil at postharvest Phytoremediation of Se-laden soils under field conditions was about 50% of that observed under controlled greenhouse conditions. This relationship may be useful for prediction of field remediation operation using greenhouse generated data. C1 ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1058-8337 J9 J SOIL CONTAM JI J. Soil Contam. PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 481 EP 496 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108EP UT WOS:000075253300005 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, FH TI Residual toxicity of cyfluthrin wettable powder against Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) exposed for short time intervals on concrete SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FORMULATIONS; INSECTICIDES; MALATHION; SURFACES; WHEAT AB Adults of Tribolium confusum du Val, the confused flour beetle, were exposed to concrete treated with 100, 150, and 200 mg cyfluthrin 20% WP (20, 30, and 40 mg[a.i.]) per m(2) for 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 h at tri-weekly intervals for 24 weeks after the concrete was treated. Exposure temperature was approximately 22 degrees C and relative humidity was approximately 60%. At the lowest application rate of 100 mg, the percentage of beetles that were still active after 0.5 h of exposure ranged from 78 to 100% during the study. Except for week 1, knockdown at 24 and 48 h post-exposure was at least 82%, and recovery at 168 h post-exposure was 23 to 53%. As exposure interval and application rate increased there was a corresponding decrease in both the percentage of beetles that were upright and running when they were removed from the panel and the percentage that had recovered from knockdown at 168 h post-exposure. All beetles exposed for 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 h on concrete treated at 200 mg per m(2) were inactive at 168 h post-exposure. Of the 48 treatment combinations (four exposure times, four post-exposure observations, three application rates), only seven were significant (P < 0.05) with respect to weeks post-treatment. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt & P rod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt & P rod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(97)00037-4 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZD378 UT WOS:000072679200003 ER PT J AU Mullen, MA Wileyto, EP Arthur, FH AF Mullen, MA Wileyto, EP Arthur, FH TI Influence of trap design and location on the capture of Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in a release-recapture study SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE insect detection; insect monitoring; pheromone-baited traps; Plodia interpunctella; warehouse ID PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; SEX-PHEROMONE; ALMOND MOTH; CADRA-CAUTELLA AB Five commercial pheromone trap designs were tested simultaneously in a warehouse to determine the most effective design for capturing Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (the Indian meal moth). About 72% of the males released were recaptured. The most effective trap was the wing trap (Pherocon 1c), which significantly exceeded the expected value. The remaining trap designs in order of effectiveness were the diamond trap (Pherocon II), Multipher, Delta and Unitrap. Of these four traps, only the diamond trap equalled or slightly surpassed the expected catch number. The location of the traps affected the catch, with traps located near the walls of the warehouse capturing the most insects. Unbaited traps caught few insects, and the necessity of using unbaited traps in tests is discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wileyto, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(97)00023-4 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZD378 UT WOS:000072679200005 ER PT J AU Dowdy, AK Mullen, MA AF Dowdy, AK Mullen, MA TI Multiple stored-product insect pheromone use in pitfall traps SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pheromones; Rhyzopertha dominica; trapping; Tribolium castaneum; Trogoderma variabile ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; ALMOND MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA AB Monitoring programs for stored-product insects in warehouses and processing plants are directed at the detection of several species. Pheromone lures for certain species are commercially available, but Little is known about the interaction between pheromones from different species used in the same trap. This research examines the effect of the paired interaction of synthetic pheromones used in the same trap on the effectiveness of trapping Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma variabile. The Rhyzopertha dominica pheromone can be used in the same trap with pheromones for Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma variabile. The pheromone of Trogoderma variabile does not appear to impact adversely on the trap catch of Tribolium castaneum, but the opposite is not true. There appears to be a repellent effect caused by Tribolium castaneum pheromone on the trap catch of Trogoderma variabile, but not sufficient to preclude its use in the same trap. Using a single trap to monitor two insect species will result in reduced cost, associated with the purchase of less traps and reduced labor in maintaining pest surveillance programs. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dowdy, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(97)00018-0 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZD378 UT WOS:000072679200009 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI A note on the development and use of biopesticides in the United States SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE biological controls; biopesticides; FAIR Act; microbial pesticides; pest resistance; pesticide policy; pesticides; pheromones AB Biopesticides developed and used in the future will emerge against the backdrop of the environmental effects associated with the use of conventional pesticides and government policies designed to control these effects. In the final analysis, farmers' choices on pesticides will be influenced by the prevailing costs and benefits of conventional pesticides and their alternatives including biopesticides. The outlook for pesticide use is complicated, though some directions can be perceived. There are a number of factors that will serve potentially to impact pesticide use which in turn will affect the development of biopesticides. These include pesticide regulation, the FAIR Act, the crops planted, the management of ecologically-based systems, and consumer demand for ''green" products. C1 USDA, Resource Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA, Resource Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1998 VL 13 IS 2 BP 35 EP 57 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 162VQ UT WOS:000078368000004 ER PT J AU Watkins, KB Lu, YC AF Watkins, KB Lu, YC TI Economic and environmental tradeoffs among alternative seed potato rotations SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE crop rotation; economic returns; nitrogen loss; potatoes; simulation; soil erosion; tradeoffs ID CROP-ROTATION; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SEQUENCES; FIELDS AB This study measures the economic and environmental outcomes associated with using two-, three- and four-year seed potato rotations in Southeastern Idaho. Seed potatoes are rotated with spring wheat, feed barley, oats, and canola. Crop yields, nitrogen loss, and soil erosion are simulated using the EPIC biological simulation model. A tradeoff frontier approach is used to screen out inferior rotations and to calculate tradeoffs between economic returns, reduced nitrogen loss, and reduced soil erosion. The results reveal that the most profitable and environmentally sound rotations tend to be three-year rotations of potatoes followed by two grain crops, with spring wheat occurring at least once in the crop sequence. A two-year potato-wheat rotation resulted in the largest economic return, a three-year potato-wheat-wheat rotation resulted in the second largest return and the smallest soil erosion, and a four-year potato-barley-wheat-wheat rotation resulted in the smallest nitrogen loss. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Nat Resources, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Watkins, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Nat Resources, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, BARC W Bldg 007,Room 008, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1998 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1300/J064v13n01_05 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 150ZR UT WOS:000077696900004 ER PT J AU Hodges, T AF Hodges, T TI Water and nitrogen applications for potato: Commercial and experimental rates compared to a simulation model SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE potato; nitrate leaching; crop growth model; irrigation scheduling AB Irrigated potato is a major commercial crop in the semiarid regions of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. With gross returns of $3000 to $6000 per acre, cost to growers for applying excess water and nitrogen is small compared to the potential income loss. Potatoes are frequently grown in this region on extremely sandy soils with very low soil organic matter. Recent studies have found nitrate contamination of ground water in this region. Because of the high levels of water and agricultural chemicals applied, the irrigated potato crop is a major potential source for nitrogen and other chemicals in the ground water. If water and other materials can be applied just as they are needed, nothing will be moved below the crop rooting zone during the growing season. The SIMPOTATO growth model simulates daily water and nitrogen requirements for the potato crop based on initial soil status and daily weather conditions. Simulated water and nitrogen requirements are compared to actual applications on commercial fields in 1988 and 1989 and on 1992-95 experiment fields, with minimal water and nitrogen inputs. The simulated water and nitrogen requirements were close to the actual amounts applied to the experiment fields but were considerably less than applied to the commercial fields. Simulated nitrogen leaching on the experiment fields was near zero, while simulations showed considerable leaching on the commercial fields. No measurements of actual leaching were available. Suggestions are offered on how to apply this technology in commercial farming. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hodges, T (reprint author), 14314 SW Allen Blvd 317, Beaverton, OR USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1998 VL 13 IS 2 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 162VQ UT WOS:000078368000006 ER PT J AU Eck, HV Stewart, BA AF Eck, HV Stewart, BA TI Effects of long-term cropping on chemical aspects of soil quality SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE soil quality; organic carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; pH ID ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; ROTATION; WHEAT AB The objective of this study was to determine the effects of long-term (1950s to 1992) cropping by farmers, using their own cultural and fertilization practices, on soil quality as measured by soil OC, total N, NaHCO3-extractable P, and pH. We sampled farmers fields at 27 Oklahoma sites (representing six soil associations) in the 1950s and again in 1992. We also sampled soil at 2 sites with native sod to determine changes in soil properties since initial cultivation. Most of the sites were in areas commonly cropped to continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). One of the 27 sites was planted to tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), in the late 1970s. On the 26 cropped sites, OC and total N levels did not change significantly during the time period. Sodium bicarbonate extractable P increased significantly on 2 soil associations but remained unchanged on the other associations. Soil pH decreased on 2 associations and remained unchanged on the others. These results indicate that, except for reducing pH on some soils, farmers are growing continuous wheat without degrading these measures of soil quality. In the study of changes since initial cultivation, virgin Grant silt loam lost 45% of its surface (0-13 cm) OC in 25 yr and 59% in 92 yr of cultivation. Respective losses in total N were 23 and 46%. Kirkland silt loam surface (0-15 cm) soil had lost 42 and 47% of its initial OC after 58 and 92 yr in cultivation. Respective losses of total N were 29 and 36%. After cropping, both OC and total N levels in surface soils were similar to those in the subsoils. This was also true on the 26 cropped soils. At the site converted to grassland, OC and total N increased sharply, extractable P was unchanged, and pH was increased, probably as a result of lime application. Results obtained on this site may be indicative of changes occurring on land in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). C1 ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Dryland Agr Inst, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. RP Eck, HV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1300/J064v12n02_03 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA ZX286 UT WOS:000074500100002 ER PT J AU Kanneganti, VR Walgenbach, RP Massingill, LJ AF Kanneganti, VR Walgenbach, RP Massingill, LJ TI Daily and seasonal forage availability under rotational grazing of a mixed-species temperate pasture SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE pasture growth rate; yield distribution; species composition; pasture persistence; pasture management; cool-season pasture ID HERBAGE; PATTERNS; DISK AB Sustainable use of mixed species pastures under management intensive rotational grazing requires information on forage dry matter availability on a daily basis for feed budgeting purposes. Forage availability, forage nutritive quality, and species composition were measured during May to September in 1994 and 1995. Forage available for daily consumption declined in both years as the season progressed. However, the magnitude of this decline varied between years during summer (July to September), which was attributed to differences in soil moisture availability. Under adequate moisture conditions observed in 1994, forage was available at an average rate of 70, 68, 51, 66, 24, and 11 kg dry matter ha(-1) d(-1) during May, June, July, August, September, and October, respectively. Due to extended periods of dry weather in the summer of 1995, forage availability during the months of July, August and September was reduced to 26, 47, and 11 kg ha(-1) d(-1), respectively. Total forage consumed during 1994 and 1995 was 8580 and 6460 kg dry matter ha(-1), respectively. Averaged over the two years, forage dry matter consumed during the grazing season contained 22% crude protein (CP), 45% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 24% acid detergent fiber (ADF). Averaged over the two years, forage cut at ground level was composed of 22% Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), 33% of mostly smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and quackgrass (Elytrigia repens [L.] Nevski), 13% legumes (mostly white clover, Trifolium repens L.), 27% dead matter, and 5% of all other species. These fractions remained stable during the season, except under intense drought when dead matter increased as the bluegrass and white clover fractions declined. However, bluegrass and clover recovered quickly upon return of favorable moisture conditions. The results indicate that these pastures can provide significant amounts of forage under management intensive rotational grazing, but additional feed may be needed for a month or two under extended periods of water stress. While more years of data are needed to accurately assess the effects of rotational grazing on species composition, the limited set of data presented suggests that the pasture composition, a measure of pasture persistence, may remain fairly stable from year to year under the system of grazing management imposed, even though significant but transient changes were observed within a grazing season. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kanneganti, VR (reprint author), 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.1300/J064v12n02_05 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA ZX286 UT WOS:000074500100004 ER PT J AU May, OL DuRant, JA AF May, OL DuRant, JA TI Development of cotton germplasm for reduced insecticide use production systems SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; REGISTRATION; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; LINES AB Management of the bollworm (Helicoverpa tea [Boddie]) and tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens [F.]) complex in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a significant production cost and a large contributor of insecticides to the environment. Genetic resistance or tolerance could help alleviate these problems. We conducted a trial to identify and exploit sources of bollworm/tobacco budworm resistance in the Pee Dee (PD) cotton germplasm. The experiment consisted of selecting phenotypically desirable cotton plants in segregating populations when produced with limited control of bollworm/tobacco budworm. Although this methodology had previously been successful in identifying resistant types, we were unable to demonstrate a response to selection. The study did find that PD 0762, a germplasm released as possessing resistance to bollworm/tobacco budworm based on lint yield in limited control experiments, likely is tolerant of square loss as its reaction to this insect complex does not suggest resistance. We also found that a new germplasm PD 0786 has a low level of resistance to bollworm/tobacco budworm and therefore could be a component of sustainable cotton production systems for the USA and developing countries. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Florence, SC 29506 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP May, OL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1998 VL 11 IS 4 BP 39 EP 49 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA YX956 UT WOS:000072097500004 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Unger, PW AF Powell, JM Unger, PW TI Alternatives to crop residues for sustaining agricultural productivity and natural resource conservation SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID LEPA IRRIGATION SYSTEM; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ACID SANDY SOIL; PEARL-MILLET; WATER CONSERVATION; FURROW EROSION; SORGHUM STOVER; TILLAGE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN AB When left in fields after grain harvest, crop residues enhance nutrient cycling, soil and water conservation, and subsequent crop yield. However, many agricultural systems rely on crop residues for other uses, such as livestock feed, fuel, and construction material. This paper examines the key functions of crop residues in mixed crop-livestock farming systems and suggests alternatives to crop residues for sustaining agricultural productivity and natural resources. Various soil management and related practices allow crop residues to be removed without adversely affecting the soil environment. These include the introduction of alternative crop genotypes that produce both sufficient grain and residues of good quality; the partial rather than total removal of crop residues through selective crop residue harvest/return practices; provision and strategic use of chemical fertilizer and animal manure; substituting forages for crop residues; use of clean or reduced tillage; use of structural and support practices that complement tillage; and application of surface soil-amending materials. Not all practices are adaptable to all conditions, but one or more practices should be suitable for sustaining land productivity under most conditions where crop residues are limited or used for other purposes. C1 USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1998 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 59 EP 84 PG 26 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA YP339 UT WOS:000071267000006 ER PT J AU Vechinski, CR Johnson, CE Raper, RL AF Vechinski, CR Johnson, CE Raper, RL TI Evaluation of an empirical traction equation for forestry tires SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article AB Variable load test data were used to evaluate the applicability of an existing forestry tire traction model for a new forestry tire and a worn tire of the same size with and without tire chains in a range of soil conditions. The clay and sandy soils ranged in moisture content from 17 to 28%. Soil bulk density varied between 1.1 and 1.4 g cm(-3) with cone index values between 297 and 1418 kPa for a depth of 140 mm. Two of the clay soils had surface cover or vegetation, the other clay soil and the sandy soil had no surface cover. Tractive performance data were collected in soil bins using a single tire test vehicle with the tire running at 20% slip. A non-linear curve fitting technique was used to optimize the model by fitting it to collected input torque data by modifying the coefficients of the traction model equations. Generally, this procedure resulted in improved prediction of input torque, gross traction ratio and net traction ratio. The predicted tractive performance using the optimized coefficients showed that the model worked reasonably well on bare, uniform soils with the new tire. The model was flexible and could be modified to predict tractive performance of the worn tire with and without chains on the bare homogeneous soils. The model was not adequate for predicting tractive performance on less uniform soils with a surface cover for any of the tire treatments. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of ISTVS. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. US Forest Serv, So Forest Expt Stn, Auburn, AL USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Al Agr Exp Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0022-4898(98)00012-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA V3144 UT WOS:000171766600005 ER PT J AU Patton-Mallory, M Pellicane, PJ Smith, FW AF Patton-Mallory, M Pellicane, PJ Smith, FW TI Experimental analysis of bolted joints in wood SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE wood; bolted joints; experimental analysis; tension loading; compression loading AB Two hundred forty-three experiments were conducted on bolted wood connections having a variety of aspect ratios (length of bolt in member/bolt diameter) and end distances with loading applied in tension and compression. Load-displacement (P-Delta) curves were generated for each test from which pertinent characteristic values were derived. Important connection characteristics observed included ultimate load and displacement, 5% offset load, proportional limit, and failure mode. Results show the effects of connection geometry and load application on the strength and stiffness of single bolt connections. Among the most important of these are that tension and compression loadings produce different P-Delta behavior and failure modes. These differences are amplified or muted depending upon connection aspect ratio. Furthermore, connection aspect ratio and end distance interact to influence P-Delta behavior and failure mode. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Patton-Mallory, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA ZA066 UT WOS:000072325500007 ER PT J AU Isbell, TA Steiner, BA AF Isbell, TA Steiner, BA TI The rate of ring opening of gamma- and delta-lactones derived from meadowfoam fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE delta-eicosanolactone; gamma-eicosanolactone; 5-hydroxy eicosanamide; 5-hydroxy eicosanoate; meadowfoam fatty acids; rate; ring opening ID OIL; ESTOLIDES; AMIDES AB delta-Lactones derived from meadowfoam (Limnanthes) fatty acids were reacted with amine and alcohol nucleophiles in a second-order reaction to provide the acyclic 5-hydroxy eicosanoic acid esters and amides. The rate of reaction for the ring opening of F-lactones was compared to the rate of ring opening of gamma-lactones and the rate of derivatization of meadowfoam fatty acids. delta-Lactones showed a much larger rate for the formation of derivatives than the corresponding gamma-lactones or fatty acids. delta-Lactone had a rate constant >7700. times larger for the formation of butyl ester than meadowfoam fatty acids. The formation of amides from delta-lactones is even faster than the esterification reaction and requires no catalyst or solvent when conducted at the melting point of the lactone. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM isbellta@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s11746-998-0011-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YR483 UT WOS:000071499800011 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW AF Farnham, MW TI Doubled-haploid broccoli production using anther culture: Effect of anther source and seed set characteristics of derived lines SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; Italica Group; cole crops; anther culture; microspore culture; doubled-haploids; DNA flow cytometry; cabbage; cauliflower; Brussels sprouts ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA L; CAPITATA L; BOTRYTIS; ITALICA AB Using anther culture to generate doubled-haploid (DH) homozygous lines for use as parents in F-1 hybrid crosses has become a common practice in breeding broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group), During anther culture and subsequent embryogenesis and plant regeneration, polyploidization of microspore-derived embryos may not occur or it may occur accompanied by a doubling, tripling, quadrupling, octupling, or irregular polyploidization of the genome, Thus regenerants from the process can be haploids, diploids, triploids, tetraploids, octaploids, or aneuploids. The objectives of this research were to 1) conduct repeat cycles of broccoli anther culture using a group of F-1 hybrids as anther donors and develop populations of regenerants; 2) analyze resulting populations using DNA flow cytometry and determine the influence of F-1 source on frequency of different ploidy levels among regenerants; and 3) compare seed set in broccoli inbreds developed in a traditional selfing program compared to seed set in DH broccoli derived from anther culture, In two cycles (1994 and 1995) of anther culture, anther-derived populations of regenerants were developed using the F-1 hybrids 'Marathon', 'Everest', 'High Sierra', and 'Futura' as sources of anthers, In 1994, 'Everest', 'High Sierra', and 'Futura' yielded populations that included 2% to 7% haploids, 53% to 56% diploids, 32% to 38% tetraploids, and 5% to 6% other types. 'Marathon'-derived regenerants were 5% haploid, 78% diploid, 15% tetraploid, and 2% other, shelving significantly more diploids. In 1995, 'Marathon' regenerants again included significantly more diploids and fewer tetraploids than those derived from other F-1 sources, confirming that the genotype of the anther source affects the frequency of a particular ploidy level among regenerants derived from culture. In manual self-pollinations of 1994 regenerants, only diploids and rare tetraploids set seed., When plants that set no seed were discounted, seed production following manual self pollinations of 1995 regenerants was not significantly different from that of traditional inbreds derived from the same F-1 sources. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 123 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YP222 UT WOS:000071254800013 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ AF Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ TI Field resistance to yellow aphids in Pecan SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; insect resistance ID MELANOCALLIS-CARYAEFOLIAE HOMOPTERA; MONELLIOPSIS-PECANIS; CARYELLA; TREES AB Putative resistance to the blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella Fitch) in 'Pawnee' pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] was first noted in greenhouse tests by rating cultivars for relative amounts of honeydew on adaxial leaf surfaces. This resistance was confirmed in two field tests monitored from mid-June to mid-October. 'Pawnee' supported significantly lower aphid populations during every rating period when relatively large numbers of these insects were present. 'Navaho' also showed resistance, with 'Desirable') having intermediate resistance and 'Stuart' being very susceptible. Insect populations were also monitored on the four quadrants of each tree, with quadrant effect being significant in only one test. This test had the highest populations on the western quadrant and lowest populations on the eastern quadrant. In determining individual clone resistance, it is recommended that the general orchard aphid infestation level be determined so that only two or three well-timed clonal ratings are needed. We also recommend that all sides of the tree be monitored. C1 USDA ARS, Pecan Genet & Improvement Res, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pecan Genet & Improvement Res, Route 2,Box 133, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 123 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YP222 UT WOS:000071254800015 ER PT J AU Hanif-Khan, S Bullock, RC Stoffella, PJ Powell, CA Brecht, JK McAuslane, HJ Yokomi, RK AF Hanif-Khan, S Bullock, RC Stoffella, PJ Powell, CA Brecht, JK McAuslane, HJ Yokomi, RK TI Tomato irregular-ripening symptom development and ripening of silverleaf whitefly-infested dwarf cherry tomatoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; Bemisia argentifolii; fruit disorder ID FRUIT AB Silverleaf whitefly (SLW) (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) feeding was associated with development of tomato irregular ripening (TIR) symptoms, 'Micro-Tom', 'Florida Basket', 'Florida Lanai', and 'Florida Petite' dwarf cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were infested with adult SLW to observe oviposition preference, plant tolerance, and TIR symptom development in two experiments. There was no oviposition preference among the cultivars in either of the trials. TIR fruit symptoms were expressed as longitudinal red streaks with yellow, green, pink, or red blotches externally and white tissue internally. External TIR symptoms at the pink stage of ripening ranged from 32% ('Micro-Tom') to 82% ('Florida Basket') in Expt, 1 and 44% (Micro-Tom') to 93% ('Florida Petite') in Expt. 2. In Expt. 1, external TIR symptoms disappeared from 18% ('Florida Lanai') to 37% ('Micro-Tom') and, in Expt. 2, 16% ('Micro-Tom') to 39% ('Florida Basket') of the fruit during ripening, SLW-infested plants exhibited 82% ('Florida Lanai') to 99% ('Florida Basket') and 76% (Micro-Tom') to 90% ('Florida Petite') of fruit with internal white tissue regardless of external symptoms in Expts. 1 and 2, respectively. Tomatoes with severe TIR symptoms rarely ripened to full red. Postharvest characteristics of ripening SLW-infested and control fruit were evaluated (Expts. 3 and 4), Generally, the SLW-infested fruit were lighter in color than the control fruit. The control fruit developed normal red color while the SLW-infested fruit developed a blotchy, streaky color that was overall more of an orange-red. SLW-infested fruit were firmer than the control fruit in both experiments. Ethylene production was higher in SLW-infested fruit. While the total soluble solids contents were not significantly different between the treatments, the SLW-infested fruit were more acidic than the control fruit. Each cultivar was susceptible to oviposition by SLW and induction of TIR symptoms. However, TIR symptom expression differed among the cultivars. Despite higher ethylene levels, the ripening process in the SLW-infested fruit appeared slower or may have been inhibited by factors induced by the SLW compared with the control fruit, which ripened normally. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Stoffella, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RI Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 123 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YP222 UT WOS:000071254800021 ER PT J AU Lester, G AF Lester, G TI Physicochemical characterization of hybrid honey dew muskmelon fruit (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus Naud.) following maturation, abscission, and postharvest storage SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ATPase; firmness; lipoxygenase; moisture content; plasma membrane; phospholipids; soluble solids concentration; sterols; sugars; volume ID SUCROSE METABOLISM; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; LIPOXYGENASE ACTIVITY; HYPODERMAL-MESOCARP; ACCUMULATION AB Hybrid honey dew muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus Naud.) fruit physiological maturity, the period of maximized or greatest compositional changes, occurs by 40 days after anthesis (DAA). Fruit maturity was determined by major changes in quality attributes: glucose, fructose, sucrose, and moisture content, firmness, mass, volume, and hypodermal-mesocarp plasma membrane specific H+-ATPase (E.C. 3.6.1.3) activity. Fruit ripening occurs by 50 DAA, as determined by additional changes in the mentioned quality attributes, and by fruit abscission at 50 DAA. Fruit senescence begins with decreases in almost all quality attributes, H+-ATPase activity, protein content, by the largest increase in the total free sterol : total phospholipid (FS:PL) ratio, and in hypodermal-mesocarp lipoxygenase (E.C. 1.13.11.12) activity. Physicochemical profiles of hybrid honey dew muskmelon fruit during growth and maturation should be useful to schedule commercial harvest of mature fruit, which is necessary for maximum honey dew fruit quality, extended shelf-life, and enhanced consumer satisfaction. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 123 IS 1 BP 126 EP 129 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YP222 UT WOS:000071254800022 ER PT J AU James, W Majkowski, J Kaplan, B AF James, W Majkowski, J Kaplan, B TI Product recalls protect public health SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT News Item C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Emergency Response Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP James, W (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 212 IS 1 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YN635 UT WOS:000071190100005 PM 9426767 ER PT J AU Lichtenfels, JR Pilitt, PA Dvojnos, GM Kharchenko, VA Krecek, RC AF Lichtenfels, JR Pilitt, PA Dvojnos, GM Kharchenko, VA Krecek, RC TI A redescription of Cylicocyclus radiatus (Nematoda : Cyathostominae), a parasite of the ass, Equus asinus, and horse, Equus caballus SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Nematode systematics; Cyathostominae; Strongylidae; horse; Cylicocyclus; Equus caballus ID HELMINTHS AB Cylicocyclus radiatus, the type species of the genus, a rare, but cosmopolitan species of small strongyle from horses, is redescribed to provide the information required for its identification and differentiation from other species of the genus. Type specimens discovered in the British Museum of Natural History were included among the specimens from Equus asinus from Egypt and Equus caballus from Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Panama, Canada, and the United States of America that formed the basis for this redescription. Cylicocyclus radiatus is distinguished by its large buccal capsule with relatively thin, straight walls; the absence of a dorsal gutter; inconspicuous leaf crowns; and a small indistinct esophageal funnel. The most similar species is C. triramosus of zebras, which can be distinguished by the presence of a dorsal gutter and distinct dorsal and ventral notches in the mouth collar. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, UA-252601 30 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. RP Lichtenfels, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/F-2426-2010 OI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/0000-0002-3824-2078 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 65 IS 1 BP 56 EP 61 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA YT748 UT WOS:000071641100010 ER PT J AU Fleming, MW AF Fleming, MW TI In vitro growth of swine roundworm larvae, Ascaris suum: Cultivation techniques and endocrine regulation SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Nematode; Ascaris; ecdysteroids; plumbagin; dibenzoyl hydrazines ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; ECDYSTEROID AGONISTS; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; PLUMBAGIN; INVITRO; RH-5849; ECDYSIS AB A stationary, multi-well bioassay for growth and development of Ascaris suum larvae has proven markedly sensitive for the study of endocrinological and pharmacological substances. Experiments were designed to assess physical factors of the cultivation procedure (larval density and type of flask) as well as the temporal sensitivity of the larvae to potential growth stimulants or inhibitors. Larvae at lower density (100/ml) did not grow as quickly as larvae at higher density (400/ml), coincident with their conversion to anaerobic metabolism. Large stationary flasks, irrespective of cap type, were similar in larval growth patterns. The present study demonstrated that the ecdysteroid agonists, RH-5849, but not RH-5992, had a biphasic effect on larval growth after 24-hr, premolt exposure; low concentrations (5 ng/ml) increased growth, and high concentrations (greater than or equal to 50 ng/ml) decreased growth. Addition of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-OH) after the third molt also decreased growth of the fourth-stage larvae; ecdysone did not share this effect over the same dose range. Decreased growth, when exposure after molting to 20-OH or an agonist, suggests that alternative pathways might be disrupted by the presence of these compounds. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fleming, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 65 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA YT748 UT WOS:000071641100013 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF AF Meyer, SLF TI Evaluation of Verticillium lecanii strains applied in root drenches for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE biological control; fungus; Lycopersicon esculentum; root-knot nematode ID WILD-TYPE STRAIN; PAECILOMYCES-LILACINUS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MUTANT STRAIN; GREENHOUSE; SOIL; CHLAMYDOSPORIUM; POPULATIONS; NEMATODES; SURVIVAL AB Three-week-old tomato seedlings were transplanted from sand into 10-cm-diameter pots (540-ml volume). Each pot contained 600 g loamy sand to which either 1,000 or 5,000 Meloidogyne incognita eggs were added. Five strains of the fungus Verticillium lecanii were individually applied in root drenches to the tomato plants at the time of transplanting, at an application rate of about 0.08% (dry weight fungus/dry weight loamy sand). The strains were a wild type strain and four mutants induced from that strain. Control plants were treated with water only or with autoclaved (nonviable) fungus. The experiments ended 45 days after transplanting, when the number of eggs per pot, root infection ratings, root lengths, and shoot dry weights were determined. The numbers of eggs counted from fungus-treated plants did not differ significantly from the numbers on water-only control plants. Application of autoclaved wild type strain to pots treated with 5,000 eggs resulted in an infection rating significantly higher than infection ratings recorded from several other fungus treatments and from plants treated with water only, but not in increased egg numbers. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 65 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA YT748 UT WOS:000071641100015 ER PT J AU Foster, RN Quinn, MA Herbaugh, LL Walgenbach, DD Bohls, RL Reuter, KC Roland, TJ AF Foster, RN Quinn, MA Herbaugh, LL Walgenbach, DD Bohls, RL Reuter, KC Roland, TJ TI Effect of multiple concentrations and rates of an insecticidal bait on grasshoppers (Orthoptera : Acrididae) of mixedgrass prairie SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS; GRASS RANGELAND; BRAN BAITS; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; FIELD-EVALUATION; CARBARYL; POPULATIONS; SASKATCHEWAN; PERTURBATION; HABITAT AB A field study was conducted to determine the effects of multiple concentrations and rates of carbaryl bran bait on grasshopper populations on mixedgrass prairie. Fifty-one, 16.2-ha plots were randomly treated with insecticidal baits at the following concentrations and rates: 2% carbaryl at 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, 5.60, and 11.21 kg/ha; 5% carbaryl at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha; and 10% carbaryl at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha. An additional eight plots were used as controls. Densities of total grasshoppers, bran-accepting, and bran-rejecting species were estimated in each plot before treatment and 2, 4, and 7 days after treatments. Bran accepters and rejectors are those species that will either feed on or not feed on bran, respectively. Results indicated that all treatments, except the 2% carbaryl at 0.56 kg/ha, caused significant reductions of 37-86% in total grasshoppers. Grasshopper populations were affected by the amount of bait applied, but were generally not affected by the concentration of carbaryl on the bait. The highest mean mortalities of total grasshoppers (72-86%) occurred in plots treated with 2% carbaryl at 5.60 and 11.21 kg/ha, 5% carbaryl at 1.12 kg/ha, and 10% carbaryl at 2.24 kg/ha. Applications of 0.56 kg bait per ha were generally ineffective. Mortality of bran-accepting species, which constituted 72% of all grasshoppers, ranged from 45 to 97%. Treatments had no significant effect on populations of bran rejectors. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Phoenix Plant Methods Ctr, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Foster, RN (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Phoenix Plant Methods Ctr, 4125 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 170UJ UT WOS:000078825000001 ER PT J AU Abel, CA Wilson, RL AF Abel, CA Wilson, RL TI The use of diverse plant species for increasing Osmia cornifrons (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) in field cages SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB With the exception of rosaceous tree fruit species, few plant species have been identified as suitable forage for rearing the univoltine megachilid bee, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski). Alternative forage might be useful for supplementing the resources available to the bee during orchard crop pollination. At the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, different plant species grown in field cages were investigated for their usefulness as Osmia cornifrons forage. Of the Brassicaceae spp. tested, Brassica napus L. was superior as forage for O. cornifrons. However, B. rapa L. and Sinapis alba L. also were suitable forage for the bee. Coriander sativum L., Cucumis sativus L., and Cucumis memo L. were unsuitable as forage for this bee. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Abel, CA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 71 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 170UJ UT WOS:000078825000004 ER PT J AU Wachter, DH O'Neill, KM Kemp, WP AF Wachter, DH O'Neill, KM Kemp, WP TI Grasshopper (Orthoptera : Acrididae) communities on an elevational gradient in southwestern Montana SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALTITUDINAL VARIATION; DIVERSITY AB We examined variation in acridid grasshopper community composition along a 1650 m elevational gradient in southwestern Montana. As elevation increased, the most abrupt change in community composition occurred in the foothills of two mountain ranges (1800-1950 m). Most of the species abundant on the lower elevation sites (1400-1500 m) in this and a previous survey were rare or absent at elevations of 1800-3050 m. Melanoplus oregonensis, which was relatively rare at the lower elevation sites, was the most abundant species at elevations > 2000 m. A number of the species characteristic of our high elevation sites have also been identified as high elevation species in other areas of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming. Although grasshopper community composition, species richness, species diversity, and abundance were correlated with elevation, they were not correlated with plant species richness, plant species diversity, or total plant cover, which peaked at mid-elevations. Elevation, through its effect on temperature, may be important because grasshopper developmental rates and minimum developmental threshold temperatures vary among species. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP O'Neill, KM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 71 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 170UJ UT WOS:000078825000006 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ AF Landolt, PJ TI A chemical attractant for the golden paper wasp, Polistes aurifer Saussure (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Several compounds isolated from fermented molasses headspace were tested in comparison to heptyl butyrate as potential attractants for social wasps. Significant numbers of females of the golden paper wasp, Polistes aurifer Saussure, were captured in traps baited with a combination of acetic acid and isobutanol. In a comparison of doses of isobutanol, captures of female golden paper wasps were significantly related to dose, with greatest numbers captured in the highest dose tested (one ml). In a comparison of concentrations of 0.125 to 2% acetic acid in water as a trap bait (traps also baited with 1 ml of isobutanol in a polyethylene cap), captures of golden paper wasps were not correlated to acetic acid concentration. This is the first chemical attractant demonstrated for a species of Polistes. It should provide a useful means of trapping golden paper wasps, and possibly other species, as a means of sampling or perhaps for use in population reduction. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 71 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 170UJ UT WOS:000078825000010 ER PT J AU Krowicki, RS Hemstreet, JM Duckett, KE AF Krowicki, RS Hemstreet, JM Duckett, KE TI A different approach to generating the fibrogram from fiber-length-array data - Part II: Application SO JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE LA English DT Article AB The application of two methods of generating the fibrogram is demonstrated for each of two examples. Values for mean, upper-half mean, uniformity index, 50% and 2.5% span lengths, and uniformity ratios are generated, The new method readily allows generation of a series of equations that define the fibrogram. It simplifies calculations and readily allows determination of proportional amounts of length groups occurring at any span length. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Krowicki, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TEXTILE INST INTL HEADQUARTERS PI MANCHESTER PA 10 BLACKFRIARS ST, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND M3 5DR SN 0040-5000 J9 J TEXT I JI J. Text. Inst. PY 1998 VL 89 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PN 1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA ZH954 UT WOS:000073164700001 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Penland, JG AF Finley, JW Penland, JG TI Adequacy or deprivation of dietary selenium in healthy men: Clinical and psychological findings SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE selenium; human; assessment; balance; mood ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; BALANCE; SUPPLEMENTATION; SELENOPROTEINS; PLASMA; MOOD; SE AB Thirty healthy young men were fed diets that provided either 32.6 or 226.5 mu g of selenium (Se)/d for 105 d. The high Se diet significantly elevated plasma Se and platelet glutathione peroxidase activity. Selenium balance of subjects consuming the high Se diet was > 100 mu g/d, whereas subjects on the low Se diet were in approximately zero balance. High dietary Se significantly improved mood; specifically, subjects on the high Se diet improved in the clearheaded/confused, elated/depressed, composed/anxious, and confident/unsure subscores, and total mood disturbance was less in men consuming the high Se diet. These data show that North American men are able to stay in zero Se balance on as little as 24 mu g/d. Additionally, they show that psychological function, specifically mood, can be influenced by increasing or decreasing the amount of Se in the diet. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, UND Stn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, UND Stn, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 37 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 11 EP 27 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZF380 UT WOS:000072891700003 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Kang, YJ AF Uthus, EO Kang, YJ TI Effect of buthionine sulfoximine on the response to arsenic deprivation in female rats SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE arsenic essentiality; glutathione; methionine recycling ID GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; METHIONINE; LIVER; METABOLISM; ADAPTATION; DEPLETION AB Arsenic has been proposed to have a physiological role in methionine metabolism, either in methionine recycling or in transsulfuration. Thus an experiment was designed to determine if a stressor of the transsulfuration pathway of methionine metabolism would affect arsenic deprivation. The stressor used was buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which inhibits the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), a cysteine containing tripeptide, serving as a major reserve of cysteine. In this experiment, the effect of GSH depletion on the response of rats to arsenic deprivation was determined. The experiment was factorially arranged and used four groups of nine female weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were fed a diet containing either 0 or 0.5 mu g arsenic/g and injected with 2.0 mmol BSO/kg body weight or 0.9% saline; arsenic was supplemented as As2O3. Injections were given twice per day for the last 7 days of the experiment starting on day 70. BSO treatment significantly decreased the concentration of GSH in blood and liver, increased the specific activities of liver glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase, and decreased the specific activities of liver cystathionase and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. In liver, arsenic deprivation increased the concentration of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and slightly decreased the concentration of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM); this resulted in a significant decrease in the SAM/SAH ratio. BSO treatment did not have much of an effect on the response to arsenic deprivation, which suggests that arsenic has a physiological role more closely related to methionine recycling than to transsulfuration. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1998)11:1<29::AID-JTRA4>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZF380 UT WOS:000072891700004 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA AF Anderson, RA TI Recent advances in the clinical and biochemical manifestation of chromium deficiency in human and animal nutrition SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE glucose; insulin; cholesterol; triglycerides; diabetes; cardiovascular diseases; trace elements; body composition ID GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; STRESSED FEEDER CALVES; DIETARY CHROMIUM; SUPPLEMENTAL CHROMIUM; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; BODY-COMPOSITION; CORONARY-ARTERY; SERUM GLUCOSE; PICOLINATE; EXERCISE AB Several recent studies demonstrate that dietary Cr intake in humans and farm animals may be suboptimal. Recent advances in Cr nutrition include the following: 1) Triglycerides of subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) decreased following daily supplementation of 200 mu g 8 of Cr. Glucose and cholesterol values were not affected. 2) HDL cholesterol of subjects taking beta-blockers for the control of hypertension improved following supplementation with 600 mu g of Cr per day. 3) Chromium prevented sucrose-induced hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats but did not alter genetic hypertension. 4) The pig was shown to be a good experimental model for human Cr nutrition studies. Supplemental Cr (300 mu g/Kg diet) improved glucose, insulin, HDL, and related parameters in pigs, similar to effects reported previously for humans. 5) Lean body mass increased and percent fat decreased in pigs receiving supplemental Cr, supporting earlier human studies suggesting that Cr effects body composition. 6) Litter size of pigs increased from the lowest 10th percentile to the highest 10th percentile following Cr supplementation. 7) Immune function improved in Cr-supplemented cattle. Improvements in immune function were only present in the stressed animals. These recent advances document the nutritional role of Cr and demonstrate that the normal nutritional status of humans and farm animals may be suboptimal. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 11:241-250, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss,Inc. C1 ARS, USDA, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, NRFL, Bldg 307,Room 224,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1998 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 241 EP 250 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZW889 UT WOS:000074458500014 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI Ultratrace elements in nutrition: Current knowledge and speculation SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE aluminum; arsenic; boron; chromium; nickel; silicon; vanadium ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; CHROMIUM INTAKE; NICKEL ENZYMES; DIETARY BORON; DNA-SYNTHESIS; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; METHYL-DEFICIENT; VANADIUM; SILICON; RATS AB The term ultratrace element has been defined as an element with an established, estimated, or suspected requirement generally indicated by mu g/day for humans. Between 1970 and 1984, it was suggested that 11 elements should be added to the list of ultratrace elements that included chromium, molybdenum, and selenium; these elements were arsenic, boron, bromine, cadmium, fluorine, lead, lithium, nickel, silicon, tin, and vanadium. Since 1984, it has been suggested that three more elements, aluminum, germanium, and rubidium, should be added to the list, and circumstantial evidence has continued to accumulate which indicates that several of the ultratrace elements in addition to iodine and selenium, particularly arsenic, boron, chromium, nickel, silicon, and vanadium, are more important in nutrition than currently acknowledged. This evidence includes findings from human studies suggesting that boron has an essential function or beneficial effect in calcium metabolism, brain function, energy metabolism, and perhaps immune processes; and that chromium has an essential function in potentiating insulin action in the metabolism of glucose and lipids, and/or a beneficial effect on diabetes resulting from inadequate synthesis of insulin or insulin resistance. The major shortcoming that has prevented the unequivocal acceptance of the nutritional importance of any of the ultratrace elements suggested as being essential since 1970 and chromium is that a specific biochemical function has not been identified for any of these elements. The current status of the evidence suggesting essentiality, the possible biological function, and speculated dietary need for each of the 15 elements without an identified biochemical function is reviewed. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 11:251-274, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss,Inc. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034,Univ Stn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 164 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1998 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 251 EP 274 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZW889 UT WOS:000074458500015 ER PT J AU Carpenter, TE McBride, MD Hird, DW AF Carpenter, TE McBride, MD Hird, DW TI Risk analysis of quarantine station performance: a case study of the importation of equine infectious anemia virus-infected horses into California SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS AB We examined the risk of importing and mistakenly releasing equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV)-infected horses into California. A computer simulation model was constructed to evaluate current and alternative quarantine station procedures; 150,000 iterations were performed to simulate 15 different scenarios of 10,000 horses imported into the state over a 14-year period. Simulation results showed that under current conditions of low EIAV prevalence in exporting countries, increasing the quarantine period would not decrease the number of EIAV-infected horses mistakenly released from quarantine. In a worst case scenario of high EIAV prevalence in exporting countries, the model predicted 10 EIAV-infected horses would be imported, of these 1 or none would escape detection and would be released mistakenly if quarantine duration were 3 or 14 days, respectively. This model may be applied to other quarantine station situations for evaluating the importation risk for EIAV and other diseases. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Sacramento, CA 95827 USA. RP Carpenter, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZE267 UT WOS:000072774900002 PM 9526854 ER PT J AU Brock, KV Grooms, DL Ridpath, J Bolin, SR AF Brock, KV Grooms, DL Ridpath, J Bolin, SR TI Changes in levels of viremia in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; ASSAY AB Virus isolation and serum neutralizing antibody titers were determined over a period of time from samples collected from animals persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). To evaluate over time the ability to detect BVDV by virus isolation from serum or white blood cell preparations, 4 persistently infected calves were monitored from birth until 70 days of age. In 3 of 4 persistently infected calves, virus isolation from serum and white blood cells was negative until approximately 42 days of age, when colostral antibody had declined. The level of viremia in 7 adult (>12 months) persistently infected animals decreased by 1 10-fold dilution over at least a 2-year period. The level of viremia became undetectable by virus isolation from serum in 1 of the 7 animals examined. This decline was associated with the development of virus neutralizing antibody. Although the level of viremia is fairly stable within persistently infected animals, the presence of specific neutralizing antibody may affect the ability to isolate BVDV. These findings are important when considering diagnostic testing to identify persistently infected animals by virus isolation. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Brock, KV (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 13 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZE267 UT WOS:000072774900004 PM 9526856 ER PT J AU Carman, S van Dreumel, T Ridpath, J Hazlett, M Alves, D Dubovi, E Tremblay, R Bolin, S Godkin, A Anderson, N AF Carman, S van Dreumel, T Ridpath, J Hazlett, M Alves, D Dubovi, E Tremblay, R Bolin, S Godkin, A Anderson, N TI Severe acute bovine viral diarrhea in Ontario, 1993-1995 SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS DIARRHEA; MUCOSAL DISEASE; DAIRY HERDS; CATTLE; INFECTION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA AB In 1993, noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains with enhanced virulence caused unprecedented outbreaks of severe acute bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in dairy, beef, and veal herds in Ontario (Canada). Fever, pneumonia, diarrhea, and sudden death occurred in all age groups of cattle. Abortions often occurred in pregnant animals. Gross lesions in the alimentary tract were similar to those associated with mucosal disease, especially in animals >6 months of age. Cattle of all age groups had microscopic lesions in the alimentary tract similar to those seen with mucosal disease. The epidemic peaked in the summer of 1993, with 15% of all bovine accessions from diseased cattle presented to the diagnostic laboratory being associated with BVDV. The virus strains involved in the outbreak were analyzed using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and the polymerase chain reaction. The virus isolates from these outbreaks of severe disease were determined to be type 2 BVDV. Type 2 BVDV has been present in Ontario at least since 1981 without causing widespread outbreaks of severe acute BVD, which suggests that type 2 designation in itself does not imply enhanced virulence. Cattle properly vaccinated with type 1 BVDV vaccines appear to be protected from clinical disease. C1 Univ Guelph, Hlth Anim Lab, Guelph, ON N1H 6R8, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ontario Minist Agr & Food, Hlth Management Branch, Fergus, ON N1M 2W3, Canada. Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14852 USA. RP Carman, S (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Hlth Anim Lab, Box 3612, Guelph, ON N1H 6R8, Canada. NR 25 TC 177 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZE267 UT WOS:000072774900005 PM 9526857 ER PT J AU Helman, RG Russell, WC Jenny, A Miller, J Payeur, J AF Helman, RG Russell, WC Jenny, A Miller, J Payeur, J TI Diagnosis of tuberculosis in two snow leopards using polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Tulsa Zoolog Pk, Tulsa, OK 74115 USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Helman, RG (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZE267 UT WOS:000072774900017 PM 9526869 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Ye, Y Lee, LF Kung, HJ AF Liu, JL Ye, Y Lee, LF Kung, HJ TI Transforming potential of the herpesvirus oncoprotein MEQ: Morphological transformation, serum-independent growth, and inhibition of apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; LATENT MEMBRANE PROTEIN-1; VIRAL HOMOLOG; B-CELLS; IN-VIVO; BCL-2; INDUCTION; GENE AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) induces the rapid development of overwhelming T-cell lymphomas in chickens. One of its candidate oncogenes, meg (MDV Eco Q) which encodes a bZIP protein, has been biochemically characterized as a transcription factor. Interestingly, MEQ proteins are expressed not only in the nucleoplasm but also in the coiled bodies and the nucleolus. Its novel subcellular localization suggests that MEQ may be involved in other functions beyond its transcriptional potential. In this report we show that MEQ proteins are expressed ubiquitously and abundantly in MDV tumor cell lines. Overexpression of MEQ results in transformation of a rodent fibroblast cell line, Rat-2. The criteria of transformation are based on morphological transfiguration, anchorage-independent growth, and serum-independent growth. Furthermore, MEQ is able to distend the transforming capacity of MEQ-transformed Rat-2 cells through inhibition of apoptosis. Specifically, MEQ can efficiently protect Rat-2 cells from cell death induced by multiple modes including tumor necrosis factor alpha, C2-ceramide, UV irradiation, and serum deprivation. Its antiapoptotic function requires new protein synthesis, as treatment with a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, partially reversed MEQ's antiapoptotic effect. Coincidentally, transcriptional induction of bcl-2 and suppression of bax are also observed in MEQ-transformed Rat-2 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that MEQ antagonizes apoptosis through regulation of its downstream target genes involved in apoptotic and/or antiapoptotic pathways. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOL BIOL & MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT CANC BIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. USDA,AGR RES STN,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46613] NR 55 TC 96 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 72 IS 1 BP 388 EP 395 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA YL010 UT WOS:A1998YL01000044 PM 9420237 ER PT J AU O'Hara, TM House, C House, JA Suydam, RS George, JC AF O'Hara, TM House, C House, JA Suydam, RS George, JC TI Viral serologic survey of bowhead whales in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; calicivirus; morbillivirus; serology; survey ID LION EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; CALICIVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; SEA; POPULATIONS; DOLPHINS AB Serum samples from 21 of 36 Eskimo harvested bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) were positive by virus neutralization (50% endpoint titer greater than or equal to 1:28 and/or 100% endpoint titer greater than or equal to 1:20) for antibodies to at least one virus serotype from the calicivirus family, vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) and San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV). Many animals were positive to more than one serotype when using the Spearman-Karber (S-K) method for calculating antibody titers. The most common serotype detected was VESV F55 with 6 of 36 (17%) by the Monto and Bryan (MB) titer calculation method, and 17 of 36 (47%) by the S-K titer calculation method. Vesicular exanthema of swine virus 1934B antibody was detected in 3 of 36 (8%) and 5 of 36 (14%) whales using the MB and S-K methods, respectively. Vesicular exanthema of swine virus J56 antibody was detected in 3 of 36 (8%) by the S-K method only All whales <8.5 m (estimated yearlings, n = 6) were seronegative for VESV J56 and 1934B while 10% and 17% of the whales >8.5 m were positive, respectively. Whales assumed to be sexually mature (>13 m) had a higher prevalence of antibody to VESV 1934B and SMSV 8 than those <13 m. Gender had an effect on seroprevalence of antibody to VESV 1934B as titers greater than or equal to 1:28 (S-K method) occurred in 18% of the females and 7% of the males. Antibody to other serotypes (SMSV 8 and 12) occurred less frequently (<6%) at an antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:28 by the S-K method. All 36 whale sera were negative for antibody to VESV-A48, B51, C52, D53, E54, G55, H54, I55, and K54; Tillamook calicivirus, and dolphin morbillivirus; and SMSV-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 13 by the S-K method. C1 Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. NVSL, VS, APHIS, USDA,Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Plum Isl, NY 11944 USA. RP O'Hara, TM (reprint author), Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YU630 UT WOS:000071737800005 PM 9476224 ER PT J AU Peterson, MJ Purvis, JR Lichtenfels, JR Craig, TM Dronen, NO Silvy, NJ AF Peterson, MJ Purvis, JR Lichtenfels, JR Craig, TM Dronen, NO Silvy, NJ TI Serologic and parasitologic survey of the endangered Attwater's prairie chicken SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Attwater's prairie chicken; Dispharynx nasuta; parasite survey; Pasteurella multocida; serologic survey; Trichostrongylus cramae; Tympanuchus cupido attwateri ID RED GROUSE; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUIS; HELMINTH PARASITISM; BOBWHITES; ECOLOGY; FLORIDA; FLUCTUATIONS; NEMATODA AB Because conservation biologists have postulated that infectious diseases may have potentiated the endangerment of the Attwater's prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri), free-living prairie chickens were surveyed from all remaining populations for helminthic endoparasites and antibody against the etiological agents of nine infectious diseases. Samples from 4 of 27 adult males were positive for anti-Pasteurella multocida antibody. All other serologic tests were negative (n = 19). We identified Dispharynx nasuta, a parasite previously associated with disease in other grouse from North America, in one of three adult Attwater's prairie chickens examined. Evidence of Trichostrongylus cramae was found for eight of nine suitable samples, which represents the first report of this parasite in prairie grouse. The mean intensity of ?: cramae in Attwater's prairie chicken was 1,019.3 (Range = 3-1,906; n = 3). Further work is needed to determine whether P. multocida, T. cramae, or D. nasuta are detrimental to Attwater's prairie chicken populations. If so, conservation biologists could reduce the prevalence and incidence of these parasites and potentially gain more time to address the habitat conditions thought to be the ultimate cause of population declines. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Biosystemat Parasitol Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Peterson, MJ (reprint author), Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, 4200 Smith Sch Rd, Austin, TX 78744 USA. RI Peterson, Markus/C-3303-2008 OI Peterson, Markus/0000-0001-6145-0134 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YU630 UT WOS:000071737800016 PM 9476235 ER PT J AU Kilgo, JC Sargent, RA Chapman, BR Miller, KV AF Kilgo, JC Sargent, RA Chapman, BR Miller, KV TI Effect of stand width and adjacent habitat on breeding bird communities in bottomland hardwoods SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; breeding birds; landscape management; minimum area requirement; South Carolina; species richness ID RIPARIAN FORESTS AB Bottomland hardwood forests support an abundant and diverse avifauna, but area of this forest type)) has been reduced, and current projections indicate continued declines. We compared breeding bird abundance indices and species richness among bottomland hardwood stands ranging in width from <50 m to >1,000 m and enclosed by forested habitat. We also compared avian abundance indices and richness among stands enclosed by pine (Pious spp.) forest and stands enclosed by field-scrub habitats. Total species richness and species richness of Neotropical migrants were associated positively (P < 0.05) with stand width in all years. Total bird counts differed among width classes in all years, with counts generally greatest in width classes <50 m and >1,000 m. Counts of Neotropical migrants differed (P < 0.05) among width classes in 1993 and 1995 and followed the same general trend as total bird count. Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), blue-gray gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), and red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceous) were more abundant in smaller width classes (P < 0.05), whereas the opposite was true for white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) and northern parula (Parula americana). Probability of occurrence was associated positively (P < 0.05) with stand width for 12 species and negatively with stand width for 1 species. Total bird count and the counts of blue-gray gnatcatcher in 1995 and of northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) in both rears were higher in field-enclosed stands (FES) than in pine-enclosed stands (PES). No species analyzed was more abundant in PES than in FES. We conclude that even narrow riparian zones can support an abundant and diverse avifauna, but that conservation of wide (greater than or equal to 500 m) riparian zones is necessary to maintain the complete avian community characteristic of bottomland hardwood forests in South Carolina. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kilgo, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Savannah River Nat Resource Manag & Res Inst, Box 710, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM jkilgo/r8_savannahriver@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.2307/3802265 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU728 UT WOS:000071748300007 ER PT J AU Dellasala, DA Anthony, RG Spies, TA Engel, KA AF Dellasala, DA Anthony, RG Spies, TA Engel, KA TI Management of bald eagle communal roosts in fire-adapted mixed-conifer forests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bald eagles; communal roosting; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; mixed-conifer forest; prescribed fire; thinning ID BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT; INLAND NORTHWEST; CHESAPEAKE BAY; KLAMATH BASIN; HABITAT USE; CALIFORNIA; LANDSCAPES; OREGON AB The Bear Valley National Wildlife Refuge in southern Oregon supports one of the largest concentrations (approx 300-400 individuals) of communally roosting bald eagles (Haliacetus leucocephalus) in the United States. Past selective logging and fire suppression in mixed-conifer forests used by eagles at this roost have altered important roost characteristics such that declines in roost suitability will continue without future management. Therefore, to evaluate long-term suitability of the roost environment and to develop management prescriptions, we characterized habitat features on 3 spatial scales: (1) attributes of trees used by eagles for roosting, (2) vegetation within 18 m of roost trees (i.e., roost sites), and (3) relative distribution of selected characteristics within subroosts of the main roost. Roost trees had greater diameter at breast height (dbh), more open branching structures, and were taller than unused trees, Roost trees were primarily Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) that were smaller in diameter and younger than other species of trees used for roosting; however, trees greater than or equal to 80 cm dbh were used by eagles. regardless of species. Roost sites compared to unused sites had greater densities of tall (>30 m) trees of all species, greater densities of Douglas-fir that was 20-30 m tall, and a combination of greater densities of snags and Douglas-fir that was 20-30 m tall. The subroost where a most site was located also may have affected the likelihood of a site being used by eagles due to differences in densities of species of roost trees. Species composition and abundance of species of roost trees varied among subroosts due primarily to selective logging of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and to longterm fire suppression. We recommend limited thinning, prescribed fire, and seeding with species of roost trees to restore roost-tree composition and natural processes at this roost. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Serv,Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Foster Wheeler Environm Corp, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. RP Dellasala, DA (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St,NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 322 EP 333 DI 10.2307/3802295 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU728 UT WOS:000071748300037 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Kenyon, MJ Linz, GM Bergman, DL Decker, DG Humphrey, JS AF Avery, ML Kenyon, MJ Linz, GM Bergman, DL Decker, DG Humphrey, JS TI Potential risk to ring-necked pheasants from application of toxic bait for blackbird control in South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE baiting; blackbird control; DRC-1339; nontarget hazard; Phasianus colchicus; ring-necked pheasant AB Blackbird (Icterinae) damage to sunflowers in the northern Great Plains can be locally severe. One approach to alleviating depredation pressure is to reduce blackbird populations through application of brown rice bait treated with the avicide DRC-1339. Because such baiting Mn potentially affect nontarget species, we conducted pen and field trials to evaluate the potential risk from avicide baiting to ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Although most female pheasants in pen tests preferred cracked corn and sorghum, 2 of 12 birds preferred brown rice. In 4-day trials within a 0.2-ha Right pen, pheasant consumption of brown rice from bait swaths simulating field bait applications was not affected by the presence of an alternate bait swath of cracked corn. Pen trials to evaluate possible avoidance responses following a sublethal dose of DRC-1339 showed that 2 of 7 birds shifted from their previously preferred feeding sites following exposure to the avicide. During March and April 1995, we recorded pheasant numbers in 6 pairs of 0.8-ha plots in corn stubble fields that were either baited with brown rice or were designated as reference plots. Overall, use of test plots was low, but at the most heavily used sites, pheasants visited reference plots more than baited plots (P = 0.004). We conclude that (1) pheasants will eat brown rice treated with DRC-1339; and (2) although chances of exposure to an acute lethal dose can be reduced by increasing the dilution. harmful repeated doses could be obtained because avoidance of feeding sites, following sublethal exposure, cannot be assumed. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Zool, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.2307/3802303 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU728 UT WOS:000071748300045 ER EF