FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Pochop, PA Cummings, JL Steuber, JE Yoder, CA AF Pochop, PA Cummings, JL Steuber, JE Yoder, CA TI Effectiveness of several oils to reduce hatchability of chicken eggs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE egg oiling; hatchability; incubation; management technique; nontoxic; registration ID WHITE MINERAL-OIL; GULL EGGS AB Oiling eggs with white mineral oil was successful with several bird species and has potential as a management tool within an integrated bird management program. We conducted an incubator study from 22 February to 20 March 1995 to determine if castor, corn, linseed, safflower, or soybean oil was as effective as white mineral oil in reducing the hatching success of chicken eggs, and if timing affected treatments (early vs. late incubation). We treated the first sets (9 eggs/set) of eggs on the fifth day of incubation (early) and the second sets of eggs on day 16 of incubation (late). There was a 68% hatching success in control eggs whereas none of the treated eggs hatched. All 5 oils were as effective as white mineral oil in suppressing hatchability of eggs. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Denver Wildlife Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Anim Damage Control, Moses Lake, WA 98837 USA. RP Pochop, PA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, ADC, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1716 Heath Pkwy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.2307/3802304 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU728 UT WOS:000071748300046 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Windberg, LA Furcolow, CA Engeman, RM Roetto, M AF Johnston, JJ Windberg, LA Furcolow, CA Engeman, RM Roetto, M TI Chlorinated benzenes as physiological markers for coyotes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; chlorinated benzenes; coyote; feces; pentachlorobenzene; physiological marker; serum; tetrachlorobenzene ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; IOPHENOXIC ACID AB We evaluated pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB) as new, longterm physiological markers of coyotes (Canis latrans) for multipurpose research use. Captive coyotes were administered oral doses of 65, 130, 260, and 520 m of PeCB in sesame oil. and samples of serum, wet (fresh) and dry feces, and adipose tissue were collected at 10 intervals over 168 days to measure concentrations of the marker. The PeCB concentrations in serum declined at an exponential rate over time. There were positive correlations between concentrations of PeCB in serum. wet and dry feces, and adipose tissue. Intramuscular injection of 65 mg of PeCB resulted in similar PeCB sample concentrations as the 65 mg oral dose. Oral administration of 50 mg of solid technical PeCB, along with 50 mg solid TeCB, resulted in lower sample concentrations than the 65-mg oral dose in oil (P = 0.02). Oral doses of 99 mg PeCB and 48 mg of TeCB in mineral oil produced relatively similar (1.8 times) PeCB concentrations in serum and feces for 28 days. Sample concentrations resulting from single and combined oral doses of PeCB (99 mg) and TeCB (48 mg) did not differ (P = 0.85). We detected no pathological effects on coyotes from the doses of PeCB and TeCB administered in this study as assessed by visual observations. measurement of body condition, and examination of serum biochemistry and hematological parameters. We believe PeCB offers considerable potential for multiple research applications as a long-term physiological marker for coyotes because it permits researchers to correlate PeCB levels with other activities such as bait ingestion or livestock predation. Marking properties of TeCB are similar to PeCB but may have restricted application because TeCB is of limited solubility in oil vehicles. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 3350 Eastbrook Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM a347jjohnston@attmail.com NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 410 EP 421 DI 10.2307/3802307 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU728 UT WOS:000071748300049 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Lu, FC Ralph, J TI The DFRC method for lignin analysis. Part 3. NMR studies SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-ARYL ETHER; MODEL COMPOUNDS; TRIMETHYLSILYL IODIDE; SELECTIVE CLEAVAGE; ACETYL BROMIDE; BONDS AB Two key reactions in the DFRC method have been examined by NMR. Both acetyl bromide (AcBr) derivatization of lignin and Zn reductive elimination of the beta-bromo derivatives from lignin were highly selective and essentially quantitative. Treatment with AcBr in acetic acid efficiently converted beta-aryl ether substructures of lignins into beta-bromo ethers while gamma-hydroxy and phenol groups were acetylated; the following Zn step cleaved brominated beta-aryl ethers forming the expected cinnamyl acetates. In view of the high selectivity of AcBr reactions with lignin units and the solubilization of lignocellulosic materials, AcBr derivatization of lignins can be used for NMR characterization of whole lignins. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lu, FC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 2 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1080/02773819809349578 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA ZY377 UT WOS:000074615100006 ER PT J AU Davis, MW AF Davis, MW TI A rapid modified method for compositional carbohydrate analysis of lignocellulosics by high pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC/PAD) SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; WOOD SUGARS; PULP; PRODUCTS AB During the last decade, high pH anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC/PAC) has gained increasing acceptance as the method of choice for analysis of neutral sugars commonly occurring in woods, pulps, and other lignocellulosics. This paper describes modified chromatographic conditions and discusses other critical factors that improve the precision and efficiency of this application. The method involves a controlled loading of acetate onto the column prior to equilibration with water and injection of sample. In-line solid-phase extraction is used to remove hydrophobic substances that have the potential to foul the analytical column. Critical operational parameters for the successful application of the method include a metal-free flowpath and a consistent application of anions with sample. Resolution of rhamnose is achieved while maintaining the resolution of xylose and mannose. Simplified sample pretreatment allows a ca. five-fold increase in sample through-put compared with gas chromatography of derivatized sugars or to partition chromatography. Run times are less than half those of the widely used hydroxide reverse gradient method for HPAEC/PAD analysis of wood sugars. Long-term system performance data indicate that the method is highly precise and robust. The acetate loading method affords better precision than those of other HPAEC/PAD methods and of gas chromatographic analysis of alditol acetate derivatives by Tappi Method T249 cm-85. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 22 TC 175 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 24 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 2 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.1080/02773819809349579 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA ZY377 UT WOS:000074615100007 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP AF Agarwal, UP TI Assignment of the photoyellowing-related 1675 cm(-1) Raman/IR band to p-quinones and its implications to the mechanism of color reversion in mechanical pulps SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photoyellowing; mechanical pulps; lignin; Raman; quinones ID HIGH-YIELD PULPS; THERMOMECHANICAL PULPS; REDUCTION; PHOTOSTABILIZATION; CHROMOPHORE; CHEMISTRY; LIGNIN; WOOD AB Using FT (Fourier-transform) Raman and FT infrared (IR) spectroscopies, a new band was detected at 1675 cm(-1); this was most likely to have come from the yellow chromophores in photoexposed thermomechanical pulps (TMPs). On the basis of spectroscopic studies that involved both o- and p-quinone models and Fremy's salt-oxidized TMP, the 1675 cm(-1) band is assigned to the p-quinone functional group. Moreover, in the presence of known photoyellowing inhibitors, the photoyellowing behavior of methyl hydroquinone was similar to that of TMPs. Another important finding was that the molecular oxygen sensitivity of the laser-induced fluorescence (excited at 514.5 nm) of p-quinone and hydroquinone models was similar to what had been previously observed for yellowed and unyellowed TMPs. Taken together, these results provide strong support for a previously suggested yellowing hypothesis in which a hydroquinone/p-quinone couple was seen as an important leucochromophore/chromophore system in mechanical pulps. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 43 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 381 EP 402 DI 10.1080/02773819809349587 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 142YJ UT WOS:000077227800001 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Harris, TB Abad, LW Wilson, PWF Dallal, GE Dinarello, CA AF Roubenoff, R Harris, TB Abad, LW Wilson, PWF Dallal, GE Dinarello, CA TI Monocyte cytokine production in an elderly population: Effect of age and inflammation SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION-RATE; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; IL-6; MICE; PROTEIN; WOMEN; METABOLISM AB Objective. To determine the association among aging, inflammation, and cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Population and Methods. We examined production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and IL-6 in 711 elderly participants in the Framingham Heart Study (mean age, 79 y) and 21 young healthy volunteers (mean age, 39 y). The elderly subjects were categorized by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, a marker of systemic inflammation. Results, Production of IL-6 (p<.00001) and IL-1Ra (p<.00001) was higher in the elderly subjects than in the control group. IL-6 production increased with increasing CRP, whereas IL-1RA was uniformly elevated in elderly subjects regardless of CRP. However, we found no difference in the production of IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha between the young and elderly groups, regardless of CRP status. IL-6 population correlated with IL-1 beta (r=.36, p<.0001) and TNF-alpha production (r=.25, p<.0001), but IL-1Ra production did not. Conclusion, Production of IL-6 and IL-1Ra - but not IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha - was increased in the elderly compared to healthy, young subjects. The increase in IL-6 also correlated with increased production of CRP, a marker of inflammation. However, IL-1Ra was increased in the elderly independently of CRP production. Although limited by the small control group, these data suggest that dysregulation of some inflammatory cytokines occurs with age, but the role of inflammation in aging remains unclear. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Tupper Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NIA, Geriatr Epidemiol Off, Epidemiol Demog & Biometry Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roubenoff@hnrc.tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038]; NIA NIH HHS [Y01-AG-4-0245]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02120] NR 50 TC 237 Z9 241 U1 1 U2 12 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 53 IS 1 BP M20 EP M26 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA YU395 UT WOS:000071712800014 PM 9467429 ER PT J AU Flores, A Pickett, STA Zipperer, WC Pouyat, RV Pirani, R AF Flores, A Pickett, STA Zipperer, WC Pouyat, RV Pirani, R TI Adopting a modern ecological view of the metropolitan landscape: the case of a greenspace system for the New York City region SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE land-use planning; ecology; urban landscape; environmental benefits; New York City Metropolitan Area ID DESIGN AB Concern about environmental quality and the long-term livability of urban areas is now a driving paradigm for planning professionals. Although a modern ecological framework exists, inappropriate or outdated concepts continue to be used in the context of land-use decision making. These classical concepts emphasize a static view of the landscape and focus on short term planing of single sites. The modern framework emphasizes a dynamic view of a biologically rich urban environment with a focus on interactions among multiple sites across temporal scales. We summarize this framework by presenting five key ecological principles-content, context, dynamics, heterogeneity and hierarchy-and use the New York City Metropolitan Area as a case study to illustrate how these principles might be applied to achieve specific planning goals, We additionally use the case study as reference in providing some guidelines to more effectively incorporate the modern ecological framework in future planning. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Reg Plan Assoc, New York, NY 10006 USA. RP Flores, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 205 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NR 47 TC 53 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 4 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00084-4 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZG628 UT WOS:000073022900004 ER PT J AU Klopatek, JM Conant, RT Francis, JM Malin, RA Murphy, KL Klopatek, CC AF Klopatek, JM Conant, RT Francis, JM Malin, RA Murphy, KL Klopatek, CC TI Implications of patterns of carbon pools and fluxes across a semiarid environmental gradient SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE pinyon-juniper; climate change; ecotones ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; BIOMASS; DIOXIDE; MODEL; COMPETITION; LANDSCAPE; ECOTONES AB Landscape scale environmental gradients present variable spatial patterns and ecological processes caused by climate, topography and soil characteristics and, as such, offer candidate sites to study environmental change. Data are presented on the spatial pattern of dominant species, biomass, and carbon pools and the temporal pattern of fluxes across a transitional zone shifting from Great Basin Desert scrub, up through pinyon-juniper woodlands and into ponderosa pine forest and the ecotones between each vegetation type. The mean annual temperature (MAT) difference across the gradient is approximately 3 degrees C from bottom to top (MAT 8.5-5.5) and annual precipitation averages from 320 to 530 mm/yr, respectively. The stems of the dominant woody vegetation approach a random spatial pattern across the entire gradient, while the canopy cover shows a clustered pattern. The size of the clusters increases with elevation according to available soil moisture which in turn affects available nutrient resources. The total density of woody species declines with increasing soil moisture along the gl-adient, but total biomass increases. Belowground carbon and nutrient pools change from a heterogenous to a homogenous distribution on either side of the woodlands. Although temperature controls the: seasonal patterns of carbon efflux from the soils, soil moisture appears to be the primary driving variable, but response differs underneath the different dominant species, Similarly, decomposition of dominant litter occurs faster-at the cooler and more moist sites, but differs within sites due to litter quality of the different species. The spatial pattern of these communities provides information on the direction of future changes, The ecological processes that we documented are not statistically different in the ecotones as compared to the: adjoining communities, but are different at sites above the woodland than those below the woodland. We speculate that an increase in MAT will have a major impact on C pools and C sequestering and release processes in these semiarid landscapes. However, the impact will be primarily related to moisture availability rather than direct effects of an increase in temperature. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Microbiol, USDA Forest Serv, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Klopatek, JM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Conant, Richard/B-7586-2013 OI Conant, Richard/0000-0001-7315-2476 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 4 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00076-5 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZG628 UT WOS:000073022900005 ER PT J AU Yadav, AS Vashishat, RK Kuykendall, LD Hashem, FM AF Yadav, AS Vashishat, RK Kuykendall, LD Hashem, FM TI Biochemical and symbiotic properties of histidine-requiring mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; PURINE AUXOTROPHS; SUPPLEMENTATION; REQUIREMENT; INFECTION; RIBOSIDE AB A perturbation of the histidine biosynthetic pathway in legume microsymbionts can abolish their symbiotic competence. Twenty-one histidine-requiring (His(-)) mutants were isolated from berseem clover-nodulating, symbiotically-competent (Nod(+), Fix(+)) Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. 'trifolii' strain RTH 48 Sm-r by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) mutagenesis followed by enrichment. These mutants were analysed for their biochemical defect and the corresponding effect, if any, on their symbiotic abilities. Cross-feeding, supplementation and enzymatic studies identified three types of mutants. Group 1 mutants, His-2 and His-12, grew with histidine supplementation but not with the addition of either L-histidinol or L-histidinol phosphate to the medium; they lacked histidinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.23) activity and consequently formed only ineffective, or 'non-fixing' nodules. Group 2 mutant, His-17, grew-when supplemented with either L-histidinol or L-histidine, had low histidinol phosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.15) activity (37% of wild-type), and consequently failed to nodulate berseem clover. Group 3, the remaining 18 mutants, grew when supplemented with L-histidinol phosphate, L-histidinol or histidine, and did not nodulate. Typically, reversion rates were between 10(-7) and 10(-8). Defects in early steps of the pathway abolished nodulating ability, whereas lesions in the last step did not. The last step, however, was required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. It is hypothesized that histidine may be supplied by the host in sufficient quantity for nodulation by histidinol dehydrogenase mutants to occur, whereas the amount provided in the nodule may be insufficient to support bacteroid development and nitrogen fixation. C1 USDA, ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CCS Haryana Agr Univ, Dept Genet, Hisar, Haryana, India. RP Kuykendall, LD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YX934 UT WOS:000072095300005 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL Megehee, JA Varel, VH AF Anderson, KL Megehee, JA Varel, VH TI Conjugal transfer of transposon Tn1545 into the cellulolytic bacterium Eubacterium cellulosolvens SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHUTTLE TRANSPOSON; DEGRADATION; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; RUMEN AB Tn1545, a self-mobilizing transposon, was introduced into the chromosome of the ruminal cellulolytic bacterium Eubacterium cellulosolvens. This was achieved by conjugal transfer of the transposon from Clostridium beijerinckii at a frequency of 1 per 10(6) recipient cells. Transconjugants of Eu. cellulosolvens were resistant to both tetracycline and erythromycin, and were able to mobilize Tn1545 back into Cl. beijerinckii. Southern blot hybridization of representative transconjugants did not reveal site-specific insertion. This potential randomness of the transposon insertion site may prove useful in the development of Tn1545 as a tool for mutagenesis of Eu. cellulosolvens. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, ARS, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Anderson, KL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, PO Drawer GY, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM kla@ra.msstate.edu NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1 BP 35 EP 37 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YX934 UT WOS:000072095300008 PM 9489031 ER PT S AU Joseph, JA Erat, S Rabin, BM AF Joseph, JA Erat, S Rabin, BM BE Vazquez, ME TI CNS effects of heavy particle irradiation in space: Behavioral implications SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE FLIGHT AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: THE POTENTIAL INDEPENDENT AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF MICROGRAVITY AND RADIATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2 4 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission F at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res, Deut Agentur Raum Fahrt, Angelegenheiten GmbH ID GINKGO-BILOBA EXTRACT; EVOKED DOPAMINE RELEASE; K-M GTPASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OXIDATIVE-METABOLISM; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; BRAIN NEURONS; BINDING AB Research from several sources indicates that young (3 mo) rats exposed to heavy particle irradiation (Fe-56 irradiation) produces changes in motor behavior as well as alterations in neuronal transmission similar to those seen in aged (22-24 mo) rats. These changes are specific to neuronal systems that are affected by aging. Since Fe-56 particles make up approximately 1-2% of cosmic rays, these findings suggest that the neuronal effects of heavy particle irradiation on long-term space flights may be significant, and may even supercede subsequent mutagenic effects in their mission capabilities. It is suggested that among other methods, it may be possible to utilize nutritional modification procedures to offset the putative delterious effects of these particles in space. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043466-5 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(98)80012-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BL56Q UT WOS:000075898700004 PM 11541398 ER PT S AU Rabin, BM Joseph, JA Erat, S AF Rabin, BM Joseph, JA Erat, S BE Vazquez, ME TI Effects of exposure to different types of radiation on behaviors mediated by peripheral or central systems SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE FLIGHT AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: THE POTENTIAL INDEPENDENT AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF MICROGRAVITY AND RADIATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2 4 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission F at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res, Deut Agentur Raum Fahrt, Angelegenheiten GmbH ID CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSIONS; HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; ENERGY IRON PARTICLES; AREA POSTREMA; RATS; TOXICITY; AMPHETAMINE; DEFICITS; LESIONS; LITHIUM AB The effects of exposure to ionizing radiation on behavior may result from effects on peripheral or on central systems. For behavioral endpoints that are mediated by peripheral systems (e.g., radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion or vomiting), the behavioral effects of exposure to heavy particles (Fe-56, 600 MeV/n) are qualitatively similar to the effects of exposure to gamma radiation (Co-60) and to fission spectrum neutrons. For these endpoints, the only differences between the different types of radiation are in terms of relative behavioral effectiveness. For behavioral endpoints that are mediated by central systems (e.g., amphetamine-induced taste aversion learning), the effects of exposure to Fe-56 particles are not seen following exposure to lower LET gamma rays or fission spectrum neutrons. These results indicate that the effects of exposure to heavy particles on behavioral endpoints cannot necessarily be extrapolated from studies using gamma rays, but require the use of heavy particles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043466-5 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(98)80013-6 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BL56Q UT WOS:000075898700005 PM 11541399 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Woodruff, CL Lagouche, OJ McKeon, TA Stafford, AE Goodrich-Tanrikulu, M Singleton, JA Haney, CA AF Lin, JT Woodruff, CL Lagouche, OJ McKeon, TA Stafford, AE Goodrich-Tanrikulu, M Singleton, JA Haney, CA TI Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols containing ricinoleate in castor microsomes using 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as the substrate of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; BEAN ENDOSPERM; FATTY-ACIDS; SEEDS AB We have examined the biosynthetic pathway of triacylglycerols containing ricinoleate to determine the steps in the pathway that lead to the high levels of ricinoleate incorporation in castor oil. The biosynthetic pathway was studied by analysis of products resulting from castor microsomal incubation of 1-palmitoyl-2-[C-14]oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the substrate of oleoyl-12-hydroxylase, using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and/or thin-layer chromatography. In addition to formation of the immediate and major metabolite, 1-palmitoyl-2-[C-14]ricinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3 -phosphatidylcholine, C-14-labeled 2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (PC), and C-14-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine were also identified as the metabolites. In addition, the four triacylglycerols that constitute castor oil, triricinolein, 1,2-diricinoleoyl-3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol, 1,2-diricinoleoyl-3-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol, 1,2-diricinoleoyl-3-linolenoyl-sn-glycerol were also identified as labeled metabolites in the incubation along with labeled fatty acids: ricinoleate, oleate, and linoleate. The conversion of PC to free fatty acids by phospholipase A(2) strongly favored ricinoleate among the fatty acids on the sn-2 position of PC. A major metabolite, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol, was identified as the phospholipase C hydrolyte of the substrate; however, its conversion to triacylglycerols was blocked. In the separate incubations of 2-[C-14]ricinoleoyl-PC and [C-14]ricinoleate plus CoA, the metabolites were free ricinoleate and the same triacylglycerols that result from incubation with 2-oleoyl-PC. Our results demonstrate the proposed pathway: 2-oleoyl-PC --> 2-ricinoleoyl-PC --> ricinoleate --> triacylglycerols. The first two steps as well as the step of diacylglycerol acyltransferase show preference for producing ricinoleate and incorporating it in triacylglycerols over oleate and linoleate. Thus, the productions of these triacylglycerols in this relatively short incubation (30 min), as well as the availability of 2-oleoyl-PC in vivo, reflect the in vivo drive to produce triricinolein in caster bean. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s11745-998-0180-3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA YR919 UT WOS:000071545000007 PM 9470174 ER PT B AU Wong, WW AF Wong, WW BE Huang, YS Sinclair, AJ TI Cholesterol feeding during early infancy and its effects on cholesterol homeostasis SO LIPIDS IN INFANT NUTRITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 AOCS Infant Nutrition Symposium CY 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Hoffmann-La Roche, Mead Johnson Nutritional Grp, Meiji Milk Prod Co, Nestle Ltd C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wong, WW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 508 S 6TH ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA BN 0-935315-92-6 PY 1998 BP 148 EP 155 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BL93C UT WOS:000077189600011 ER PT S AU Koskinen, WC Sorenson, BA Buhler, DD Wyse, DL Strand, EA Lueschen, WE Jorgenson, MD Cheng, HH AF Koskinen, WC Sorenson, BA Buhler, DD Wyse, DL Strand, EA Lueschen, WE Jorgenson, MD Cheng, HH BE Fuhr, F Hance, RJ Plimmer, JR Nelson, JO TI Use of field lysimeters to determine C-14-dicamba persistence and movement in soil SO LYSIMETER CONCEPT: ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Lysimeter Concept - Environmental Behavior of Pesticides, at the 213th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 13-17, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID ATRAZINE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; C-14 ATRAZINE; LOAM SOIL; DICAMBA; HERBICIDES; ADSORPTION; ACID; FATE AB Persistence and movement of C-14-dicamba was determined in the top 90 cm of a clay loam soil in 30 x 100 cm intact soil lysimeters in the field during a 16-mo period. All of the applied C-14 was still in the profile 1 month after application (MAA). Although 97% was still in the top 20 cm depth, small amounts of C-14 (<0.1% of applied) were found at the 80-90 cm depth. This was the only time during the study that C-14 was found this deep. Of the 89% of the applied C-14 remaining at 1 MAA in the top 10 cm of soil, 6% was dicamba and 27% was 3,6-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid. At 6 MAA, 50% of applied C-14 was still present in the soil profile, 99% of which was in the top 20 cm of soil. Of the 54% of the applied C-14 remaining in the top 10 cm of soil, 11% was 3,6-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, and we could not confirm any dicamba. C1 ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3568-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1998 VL 699 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN25E UT WOS:000081277300008 ER PT S AU Schmoldt, DL He, J Abbott, AL AF Schmoldt, DL He, J Abbott, AL BE Rao, AR Chang, N TI A comparison of several artificial neural network classifiers for CT images of hardwood logs SO MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection VI CY JAN 27, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE industrial inspection; segmentation; computed tomography; image analysis; mood processing; lumber AB Knowledge of internal log defects, obtained by scanning, is critical to efficiency improvements for future hardwood sawmills. Nevertheless, before computed tomography (CT) scanning can be applied in industrial operations, we need to automatically interpret scan information so that it can provide the saw operator with the information necessary to make proper sawing decisions. Our current approach to automatically label features in CT images of hardwood logs classifies each pixel individually using a back-propagation artificial neural nem of (ANN) and feature vectors that include a small, local neighborhood of pixels and the distance of the target pixel to the center of the log. Initially, this ANN was able to classify clear wood, bark, decay, knots, and voids in CT images of two species of oak with 95% pixel-wise accuracy. Recently we have investigated other ANN classifiers, comparing 2-D versus 3-D neighborhoods and species-dependent (single species) versus species-independent (multiple species) classifiers using oak yellow poplar, and cherry CT images. When considered individually, the resulting species-dependent classifiers yield similar levels of accuracy (96-98%). 3-D neighborhoods work better for multiple-species classifiers and 2-D is better for single-species. Under certain conditions there is no statistical difference in accuracy between single-and multiple-species classifiers, suggesting that a multiple-species classifier can be applied broadly with high accuracy. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Brooks Ctr, US Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Schmoldt, DL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Brooks Ctr, US Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2746-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3306 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.301243 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BK61H UT WOS:000072737000004 ER PT B AU Lal, R Kimble, J Follett, R AF Lal, R Kimble, J Follett, R BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Land use and soil C pools in terrestrial ecosystems SO MANAGEMENT OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL SE Advances in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Fed Bldg,Room 152,100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7442-1 J9 ADV SOIL SCI-SER JI Adv. Soil Sci. PY 1998 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BK14S UT WOS:000071337300001 ER PT B AU Hansmeyer, TL Linden, DR Allan, DL Huggins, DR AF Hansmeyer, TL Linden, DR Allan, DL Huggins, DR BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Determining carbon dynamics under no-till, ridge-till, chisel, and moldboard tillage systems within a corn and soybean cropping sequence SO MANAGEMENT OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil Water & Climate Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hansmeyer, TL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil Water & Climate Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7442-1 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 93 EP 97 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BK14S UT WOS:000071337300007 ER PT B AU Reicosky, DC AF Reicosky, DC BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Tillage methods and carbon dioxide loss: Fall versus spring tillage SO MANAGEMENT OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 N Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7442-1 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 99 EP 111 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BK14S UT WOS:000071337300008 ER PT B AU Rasmussen, PE Albrecht, SL AF Rasmussen, PE Albrecht, SL BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Crop management effects on organic carbon in semi-arid Pacific Northwest soils SO MANAGEMENT OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 ARS, USDA, CPCRC, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Rasmussen, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPCRC, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7442-1 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 209 EP 219 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BK14S UT WOS:000071337300015 ER PT B AU Kemper, WD Alberts, EE Foy, CD Clark, RB Ritchie, JC Zobel, RW AF Kemper, WD Alberts, EE Foy, CD Clark, RB Ritchie, JC Zobel, RW BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Aerenchyma, acid tolerance, and associative N fixation enhance carbon sequestration in soil SO MANAGEMENT OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS, NPS, BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kemper, WD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPS, BARCW, Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7442-1 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 221 EP 234 PG 14 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BK14S UT WOS:000071337300016 ER PT B AU Follett, RF AF Follett, RF BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI CRP and microbial biomass dynamics in temperate climates SO MANAGEMENT OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7442-1 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 305 EP 322 PG 18 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BK14S UT WOS:000071337300021 ER PT B AU Rollinger, JL Strong, TF Grigal, DF AF Rollinger, JL Strong, TF Grigal, DF BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Forested soil carbon storage in landscapes of the Northern Great Lakes region SO MANAGEMENT OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NCFES, Forestry Res Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Rollinger, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NCFES, Forestry Res Lab, 1831 E Hwy 169, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7442-1 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 335 EP 350 PG 16 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BK14S UT WOS:000071337300023 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Harman-Fetcho, JA McConnell, LL AF Lehotay, SJ Harman-Fetcho, JA McConnell, LL TI Agricultural pesticide residues in oysters and water from two Chesapeake Bay tributaries SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; CHLORPYRIFOS; ENDOSULFAN; BIOCONCENTRATION; ATRAZINE; MOLLUSK; COASTAL; AIR AB Little is known of the impact of agricultural activity on oysters in Chesapeake Bay tributaries. As a preliminary assessment of pesticide residues in oyster tissues, this study monitored more than 60 pesticides in oysters and overlying water in two tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay Paired water and oyster samples were collected throughout 1997 from the Patuxent and Choptank Rivers which discharge into opposite shores of the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. In water, herbicides such as atrazine, simazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor were present throughout the year with individual water concentrations peaking as high as 430 ng/l in the late spring and summer and subsiding in the fall. These herbicides were not detected in the oysters even when concentrations were highest in the water. Another herbicide, trifluralin, was detected throughout the year at concentrations of less than 0.6 ng/l and 0.4 ng/g (wet weight) in water and oyster samples, respectively. Several insecticides, such as endosulfans I and II, endosulfan sulfate, chlorpyrifos, alpha- and gamma-HCH, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, trans-nonachlor, and trans-chlordane were also measured in bath oysters and water at low concentrations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 26 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00129-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 168UC UT WOS:000078710700007 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, AE TI Mangrove forests: a tough system to invade but an easy one to rehabilitate SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE AB Mangrove forests are tough ecosystems to invade because few species can tolerate the hydrological and edaphic conditions that prevail in mangrove habitats. The small pantropical mangrove species pool is also the basis for asserting that mangrove forests are easy to rehabilitate, at least in terms of tree species composition. The high complexity of the animal and microbial component of mangrove ecosystems is not addressed in this article. The following questions are useful as a guide for evaluating the invasion of plant species into mangrove habitats: (1) Is the invading species a halophyte? (2) What conditions of the environment is the invading species occupying and how long,will those conditions last? (3) What is the geographic location of the invasion, does it penetrate the forest or is it only at the edge? (4) Is the invasion a short-term response to changes in microsite conditions? (5) Is the invasion the result of a long-term shift in the mangrove habitat? (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 8-12 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 233YG UT WOS:000082454300007 ER PT J AU Highley, TL Scheffer, TC AF Highley, TL Scheffer, TC TI Long-term appraisal of on-site preservative treatments for preventing decay in exterior woodwork SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE wood decay; wood preservation; on-site treatment; pentachlorophenol; copper naphthenate ID IN-PLACE TREATMENTS; WATERFRONT STRUCTURES AB This research was initiated in 1958 to investigate the efficacy of various preservatives and treating methods for new lumber intended for exterior structures. Post-rail units (2 by 4 in. (5.1 cm by 12.7 cm) constructed of Southern Pine sapwood, Douglas-fir heartwood, and mill-run western hemlock were dip- or brush-treated before or after assembly. Units were treated with pentachlorophenol (penta) in various petroleum solvents or with copper naphthenate in mineral spirits. Both painted and unpainted units were exposed on a test fence in Madison, Wisconsin. Most of the painted untreated pine units (controls) failed by 34 years after treatment. Surprisingly, painting completely protected untreated Douglas-fir heartwood units from decay and afforded substantial protection to untreated hemlock. For painted treated units, significant decay was present only in lightly treated pine units (2-s dip after assembly or brush treated). Copper naphthenate (1% Cu) was markedly less effective than penta treatments on unpainted pine and hemlock units. There was no evidence that type of oil carrier or incorporation of a water repellent improved effectiveness of treatment. Three-minute and 15-minute dips in penta were equally effective. Application of penta-grease to only the ends of units was effective. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Highley, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 175XF UT WOS:000079120700003 ER PT J AU De Groot, RC Woodward, B AF De Groot, RC Woodward, B TI Wolfiporia cocos - A potential agent for composting or bioprocessing Douglas-fir wood treated with copper-based preservatives SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE copper preservative; wood; decay; Poria; Wolfiporia; Postia; fungi; composting; bioremediation ID BROWN-ROT FUNGI; FR; TOLERANCE; STRAINS; METALS; GRAY AB In laboratory experiments, Douglas-fir wood blocks that were treated with copper-based wood preservatives were challenged with two wood decay fungi known to be tolerant of copper. Factors influencing the amount of decay, as determined by loss of weight in the test blocks, were preservative, then fungus. Within those combinations, the relative importance of preservative retention, block thickness, or leaching depended upon the specific pairings of preservative and fungus. Low retention levels of some preservatives stimulated decay by Wolfiporia cocos but not Postia placenta. We conclude that the potential for commercial bioprocessing of spent wood that has been treated with copper-based preservatives is greater for some preservatives than others. Optimization of the process can be achieved through selection of specific fungi,comminuting wood furnish to a small particle size, and developing preprocessing leaching procedures. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Analyt Chem Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP De Groot, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1998 VL 32 IS 3 BP 195 EP 215 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 248XQ UT WOS:000083302400003 ER PT S AU Novotny, JA Caballero, B AF Novotny, JA Caballero, B BE Clifford, AJ Muller, HG TI Compartmental modeling of human lactation SO MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition CY AUG 17-20, 1997 CL DAVIS, CALIFORNIA SP US Natl Inst Hlth, US Natl Sci Fdn, USDA, W Human Nutr Ctr, Lawrence Livermore Natl, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spect, F Hoffman La Roche & Co Ltd, Ralston Purina, Univ California Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Univ California Davis, Coll Letters & Sci, Div Math & Phys Sci ID MILK C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 308,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46020-3 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 445 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BL45M UT WOS:000075566800002 PM 9781380 ER PT S AU Burri, BJ Park, JYK AF Burri, BJ Park, JYK BE Clifford, AJ Muller, HG TI Compartmental models of vitamin A and beta-carotene metabolism in women SO MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition CY AUG 17-20, 1997 CL DAVIS, CALIFORNIA SP US Natl Inst Hlth, US Natl Sci Fdn, USDA, W Human Nutr Ctr, Lawrence Livermore Natl, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spect, F Hoffman La Roche & Co Ltd, Ralston Purina, Univ California Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Univ California Davis, Coll Letters & Sci, Div Math & Phys Sci ID ISOTOPE-DILUTION TECHNIQUE; A STATUS; LIVER; HUMANS; RATS; NUTRITION C1 ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, PWA, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, PWA, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46020-3 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 445 BP 225 EP 237 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BL45M UT WOS:000075566800014 PM 9781392 ER PT S AU Turnlund, JR Thompson, KH Scott, KC AF Turnlund, JR Thompson, KH Scott, KC BE Clifford, AJ Muller, HG TI Key features of copper versus molybdenum metabolism models in humans SO MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition CY AUG 17-20, 1997 CL DAVIS, CALIFORNIA SP US Natl Inst Hlth, US Natl Sci Fdn, USDA, W Human Nutr Ctr, Lawrence Livermore Natl, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spect, F Hoffman La Roche & Co Ltd, Ralston Purina, Univ California Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Univ California Davis, Coll Letters & Sci, Div Math & Phys Sci ID STABLE-ISOTOPE CU-65; YOUNG MEN; DIETARY COPPER; KINETIC-MODEL; COMPARTMENTAL MODEL; ADULT MEN; ABSORPTION; EXCRETION; RETENTION; ZINC C1 ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Turnlund, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. EM Jturnlun@whnrc.usda.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46020-3 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 445 BP 271 EP 281 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BL45M UT WOS:000075566800017 PM 9781395 ER PT S AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA BE Clifford, AJ Muller, HG TI Insights into bone metabolism from calcium kinetic studies in children SO MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition CY AUG 17-20, 1997 CL DAVIS, CALIFORNIA SP US Natl Inst Hlth, US Natl Sci Fdn, USDA, W Human Nutr Ctr, Lawrence Livermore Natl, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spect, F Hoffman La Roche & Co Ltd, Ralston Purina, Univ California Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Univ California Davis, Coll Letters & Sci, Div Math & Phys Sci ID ISOTOPE; TURNOVER AB Changes in the mineralization rate of the skeleton during childhood are related to normal growth and pubertal development. These may be affected by genetic factors, including race and gender, and by the presence of abnormalities of growth or hormonal abnormalities such as occur in children with chronic illnesses. We have used multicompartmental studies to examine calcium kinetics in healthy children ranging in age from premature infants of 1-2 kg body weight through adolescence. These studies are performed using orally and intravenously administered stable isotopes of calcium. Sample collection requires multiple blood samples to be obtained during the initial time period after isotope dosing, which is feasible in older children using an indwelling catheter. We have found that the peak rate for both bone calcium deposition and removal occurs in girls during the year before menarche. Peak kinetic rates decrease in an exponential fashion post-menarche. On a body-weight basis, the greatest rates of bone calcium deposition and removal are in infants, especially premature infants. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.tcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00188] NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46020-3 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 445 BP 283 EP 291 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BL45M UT WOS:000075566800018 PM 9781396 ER PT S AU Novotny, JA Rumpler, WV AF Novotny, JA Rumpler, WV BE Clifford, AJ Muller, HG TI Modeling of energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate during weight loss in humans SO MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition CY AUG 17-20, 1997 CL DAVIS, CALIFORNIA SP US Natl Inst Hlth, US Natl Sci Fdn, USDA, W Human Nutr Ctr, Lawrence Livermore Natl, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spect, F Hoffman La Roche & Co Ltd, Ralston Purina, Univ California Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Univ California Davis, Coll Letters & Sci, Div Math & Phys Sci ID SEVERELY OBESE SUBJECTS; CALORIC REQUIREMENTS; CIRCADIAN VARIATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; NUTRITION; ADULTS; WOMEN; THERMOGENESIS; RESTRICTION; REAPPRAISAL C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46020-3 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 445 BP 293 EP 302 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BL45M UT WOS:000075566800019 PM 9781397 ER PT J AU Ray, JD Kindiger, B Dewald, CL Sinclair, TR AF Ray, JD Kindiger, B Dewald, CL Sinclair, TR TI Preliminary survey of root aerenchyma in Tripsacum SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE aerenchyma; root; Tripsacum ID ZEA-MAYS-L; ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS; ETHYLENE; PLANTS; ANAEROBIOSIS; INVOLVEMENT; ADAPTATION AB Tripsacum plants of the species dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) have been observed to withstand flooded soil conditions and roots of this species have been observed to penetrate deep into heavy clay soils. One commonality between these conditions is the low oxygen environment surrounding the roots due to water logging or soil compression. In both cases, the presence of aerenchyma in T. dactyloides roots may have ameliorated the adverse impact of the low oxygen environment. Previously, we have found that some T. dactyloides accessions exhibit well-formed root aerenchyma even under well-aerated, non-stress environments which may allow a competitive advantage for this species in adapting to a wide range of habitats. In this survey of root anatomy, 15 of 16 species of Tripsacum were evaluated to determine the extent to which aerenchyma occur in a well-aerated, non-stress environment. Among the 15 species, 26 accessions were surveyed. In only five of the 15 species were large, well-formed aerenchyma found. This indicates that the ability to form aerenchyma under well-aerated, non-stress environments is not a universal adaptive mechanism within the genus and indicates the possibility of developing additional supraspecific groups based on root characteristics. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Ray, JD (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZJ924 UT WOS:000073267400008 ER PT J AU Purcino, AAC Arellano, C Athwal, GS Huber, SC AF Purcino, AAC Arellano, C Athwal, GS Huber, SC TI Nitrate effect on carbon and nitrogen assimilating enzymes of maize hybrids representing seven eras of breeding SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE maize; era hybrids; NRA; GS; PEPC; SPS; GDH ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; CYTOSOLIC GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; ZEA-MAYS; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; HIGHER-PLANTS; DEPENDENT ACCUMULATION; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; MESSENGER-RNAS AB The objective of this study was to determine possible differences in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of 14 maize era hybrids released since 1930. Plants fed 1.6 mM NO3- had nitrate reductase activity (NRA) comparable to planes fed 16 mM NO3- but did not sustain maximum NRA, and had reduced growth. Nitrate reductase (NR) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities were not related to year of hybrid release. However, the activation states of NR under low nitrate, and of SPS under high nitrate increased up to 1970 and then leveled off. This suggests a trend towards increased efficiency for both NOS reduction in low nitrate plants, and sucrose synthesis in high nitrate plants. Chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS2) protein did not respond to NO3- supply and was not related to year of hybrid release. However, cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) protein was higher in low nitrate plants compared to high nitrate plants. Furthermore, in low nitrate plants, GS1 protein correlated negatively to NRA, indicating that its role was to remobilize N compounds. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity responded to increased NO3- supply and increased up to 1970's, declining thereafter. In most hybrids, PEPC specific activity (activity mg(-1) protein. s(-1)) was higher in the high nitrate plants. The specific activities of NR, SPS and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) tended to be lower in high nitrate plants, although SPS and GDH activities, expressed on a g fresh weight basis, responded to increased nitrate supply. These observations support the hypothesis that PEPC protein is preferentially increased during the establishment of the C4 syndrome. GDH activity declined over the last 70 years in the low nitrate plants. A negative correlation was found between GDH specific activity and GS2 protein in the high nitrate plants. When trends in enzyme activities were examined over time, it was observed that from the 1930's to the 1970's, breeding for increased grain yield indirectly selected plants with increased PEPC activity and more activated NR and SPS. This trend was not observed in hybrids released during the 1980's and 1990's, indicating that increments in grain yield observed during these last two decades were not due to additional enhancements in nitrate reduction, primary carbon fixation and sucrose metabolism. C1 EMBRAPA, Maize & Sorghum Natl Res Ctr, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Purcino, AAC (reprint author), EMBRAPA, Maize & Sorghum Natl Res Ctr, Caixa Postal 151, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 EI 2279-8013 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1998 VL 43 IS 2 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 107NB UT WOS:000075214400002 ER PT J AU Barnard, DR Posey, KH Smith, D Schreck, CE AF Barnard, DR Posey, KH Smith, D Schreck, CE TI Mosquito density, biting rate and cage size effects on repellent tests SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; mosquito; repellent; bioassay; cage size; mosquito density; protection time ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; DEET AB Mosquito biting rates and the mean duration of protection (in hours) from bites (MDPB) of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles qundrimaculatus, using the repellent 'deet' (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) on a 50 cm(2) area of healthy human skin, were observed in small (271), medium (approximate to 651) and large (1251) cages containing low, medium or high densities of mosquitoes: respectively, 640, 128 or 49 cm(3) of cage volume per female. At the initial treatment rate of approximate to 0.4 mu l/cm(2) (1 ml of 25% deet in ethanol on 650 cm(2) of skin), the MDPB for deer against Ae. aegypti ranged from 4.5 to 6.5 h and was significantly less (5.0 +/- 0.8 h) in large cages compared with medium (6.2 +/- 0.9 h) and small (6.2 +/- 0.8 h) cages, regardless of the density. Against An. quadrimaculatus the MDPB for deet 0.4 mu l/cm(2) was 1.5-8.0 h, less in small (3.7 +/- 2.3 h) and large (2.2 +/- 1.1 h) cages at medium (3.7 +/- 2.3 h) and high (2.5 +/- 1.7 h) mosquito densities, and was longest in medium cages (6.2 +/- 2.6 h) at low mosquito densities (5.8 +/- 2.8 h). With equinoxial photoperiodicity (light on 06.00-18.00 hours) the biting rate was influenced by the time of observation (08.00, 12.00, 16.00 hours) for Ae. aegypti but not for An. quadrimaculatus. For both species, the biting rate was inversely proportional to mosquito density and the MDPB. The shortest MDPBs were obtained in large cages with high densities of mosquitoes and longest protection times occurred in medium sized cages with low mosquito densities. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Barnard, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1998.00078.x PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA YY755 UT WOS:000072181000005 PM 9513937 ER PT J AU Madsen, KL Adams, WC Van Loan, MD AF Madsen, KL Adams, WC Van Loan, MD TI Effects of physical activity, body weight and composition, and muscular strength on bone density in young women SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE body composition; bone health; strength/cross-sectional area; weight-bearing athletes ID DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; MINERAL DENSITY; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MASS ACCUMULATION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; DIETARY-INTAKE; LUMBAR SPINE; FEMORAL-NECK; FAT MASS; FEMALES AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body weight and composition, muscular strength, physical activity, and bone mineral density (BMD) in eumenorrheic college-aged women. Methods: BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) of the total body, and BMD of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck (via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), as well as body composition and muscular strength, were measured in 60 college-aged women. The women were divided into three groups: 1) low body weight athletes involved in weight-bearing, collegiate sports (N = 20), 2) matched low body weight and sedentary (N = 20), and 3) average body weight and sedentary (N = 20). All groups were matched for height, age, and age at menarche. Results: The athletes had significantly greater (P < 0.05) (mean +/- SD) total body BMD (1.164 +/- 0.06 g.cm(-2)), L2-L4 BMD (1.240 +/- 0.13 g.cm(-2)), femoral neck BMD (1.144 +/- 0.13 g.cm(-2)) and total body body (2.44 +/- 0.30 kg) than the low body weight, sedentary (LWS) group, but were only greater than the average body weight sedentary group (AWS) for femoral neck BMD. Significant correlations were found between lean body mass (LBM) and all BMD variables (P < 0.001). A significant correlation (P < 0.01) was found between fat mass and all BMD variables in the sedentary subjects alone (N = 40), but with inclusion of the athletes (N = 60), none of the correlations between fat mass and BMD were significant. Arm and leg strength isometric torque values corrected for muscle + bone cross-sectional area (M + B CSA) were not significantly different between the athletes and LWS group, but the athletes were greater (P < 0.05) than the AWS group for both arm and leg strength/M + B CSA. No significant, site-specific correlations were found between strength/M + B and BMD. Conclusions: In summary, the athletes had significantly greater BMD, BMC, and LBM than the LWS group and, except for a greater femoral neck BMD, similar BMD, BMC, and LBM as the AWS group. These results suggest that LBM and weight-bearing exercise both enhance BMD in eumenorrheic young adult women. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Exercise Sci, Human Performance Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bioenerget Res Unit, Presidio San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Adams, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Exercise Sci, Human Performance Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 50 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 30 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1097/00005768-199801000-00016 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA YU223 UT WOS:000071694600015 PM 9475652 ER PT J AU Leong, SA Winkelmann, G AF Leong, SA Winkelmann, G TI Molecular biology of iron transport in fungi SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, VOL 35 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Review ID YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-1; MEDIATED IRON(III) UPTAKE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; FERRIC REDUCTASE; ASPERGILLUS-QUADRICINCTUS; HYDROXAMATE SIDEROPHORES; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Leong, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM winkelmann@uni-tuebingen.de RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33716] NR 124 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0161-5149 J9 MET IONS BIOL SYST PY 1998 VL 35 BP 147 EP 186 PG 40 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Microbiology GA BK30A UT WOS:000071718700004 PM 9444761 ER PT S AU Fields, M Lewis, CG AF Fields, M Lewis, CG BE Collery, P Bratter, P deBratter, VN Khassanova, L Etienne, JC TI Hepatic iron (Fe) retention in copper (Cu)-deficient rats is a potential risk factor for hypercholesterolemia SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 5 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 08-10, 1998 CL NEUHERBERG, GERMANY SP Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin, Dept Trace Elements Hlth & Nutr, GSF Forschungszent Umwelt & Gesundheit, Inst Int Rech Ions Metall, G N PHARM Umwelt & Med, Hewlett Packard GmbH, F Kolher Chem, Ursapharm Arzneimittel GmbH, PROTINA GmbH ID VITAMIN-E; CHOLESTEROL; DEFICIENCY AB In rats, Cu deficiency is associated with hypercholesterolemia and with hepatic Fe retention. Dietary saturated fat is also associated with hypercholesterolemia and with elevated hepatic Fe. In contrast, dietary unsaturated fat is considered hypocholesterolemic.Is the cholesterol-lowering nature of unsaturated fat due to its inability to raise hepatic Fe? We therefore hypothesized that the mechanism of raising blood cholesterol is dependent on the ability to elevate liver Fe. The present study was undertaken to determine whether dietary manipulations that are able to raise hepatic Fe such as Cu deficiency, saturated fat, or Fe supplementation have also the ability to elevate blood cholesterol. Weanling male, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a Cu-deficient (0.7 mu g Cu/g diet) or Cu-adequate (6.9 mu g Cu/g) diet containing either saturated (beef tallow) or unsaturated (corn oil) fat. The diets were either Fe adequate (44 mu g Fe/g) or supplemented (87 mu gFe/g). Rats were fed their respective diets for four weeks. There was a direct relationship between the concentrations of liver Fe and blood cholesterol. The lowest liver Fe (96 +/- 9 mu g/g) was found in rats fed the Fe and Cu-adequate diet containing unsaturated fat. Their blood cholesterol was low (114 +/- 6 mg/dl). Beef tallow and high Fe in the Cu-adequate diet elevated hepatic Fe (192 +/- 10 mu g/g) and elevated blood cholesterol (140 +/- 3 mg/dl). The highest concentration of liver Fe (296 +/- 9 mu g/g) was associated with the highest concentration of blood cholesterol (225 +/- 5 mg/dl). This was achieved by feeding a Cu-deficient diet which contained beef tallow and was supplemented with Fe. Based on these data, it is concluded that nutrients which raise hepatic Fe have the potential to increase blood cholesterol. In addition, cholesterol-lowering properties of unsaturated fat may be due to its inability to raise hepatic Fe. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1257-2535 BN 2-7420-0214-6 J9 METAL IONS BIOL MED PY 1998 VL 5 BP 493 EP 497 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology; Toxicology GA BM31W UT WOS:000078374100091 ER PT J AU Tatum, FM Briggs, RE Sreevatsan, SS Zehr, ES Hsuan, SL Whiteley, LO Ames, TR Maheswaran, SK AF Tatum, FM Briggs, RE Sreevatsan, SS Zehr, ES Hsuan, SL Whiteley, LO Ames, TR Maheswaran, SK TI Construction of an isogenic leukotoxin deletion mutant of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1: characterization and virulence SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Pasteurella haemolytica; leukotoxin negative mutants; characterization ID CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; A1; EXPRESSION; GENE; LOCALIZATION; SECRETION; PNEUMONIA; BACTERIA AB Allelic replacement was used to generate two isogenic IMA deletion mutants of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 that were incapable of synthesizing leukotoxin (Lkt). Southern blot data confirmed that lktA sequences were absent in the two P. haemolytica deletion mutants. Culture supernatants and whole cell lysates from the wild type P. haemolytica, D153 parent strain, but not the IMA deletion mutants, contained immunoreactive and bioactive leukotoxic protein. In addition, only the parent strain was haemolytic when grown on bovine and sheep blood agar plates. Virulence of the IMA deletion mutant, IMA 77, was compared with the parent in an experimentally infected calf model of pneumonic pasteurellosis. Results revealed significant reduction in virulence in the IMA mutant as measured by clinical and lung lesion scores. Notable differences in histological changes such as markedly reduced necrosis and lack of leukocyte degeneration occurred in calves infected with the IMA mutant in comparison with those infected with the parent wild-type strain. Thus, it appears that leukotoxin plays a important role in the pathogenesis of lung injury in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin & Populat Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Ross, OH 45061 USA. RP Maheswaran, SK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, 1971,Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 NR 31 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1006/mpat.1997.0181 PG 10 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA YW562 UT WOS:000071948800004 PM 9466945 ER PT B AU Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO AF Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO GP PIT-TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE PIT-TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE TI Microwave permittivity determination in agricultural products SO MIKON-98: 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROWAVES & RADAR, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Microwaves and Radar (MIKON98) CY MAY 20-22, 1998 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP State Comm Sci Res (KBN), Minist Econ, Minist Natl Def (MON), Hewlett-Packard Components, IEEE, MTT, AES, ED Soc, IEEE Poland Sect, AES/AP/MTT AB Applications of microwave measurement techniques for determining the permittivity of agricultural products (seeds, plants, grains, fruits, meat, etc.) are reviewed. After explaining the principles of measurements, some numerical values are given and future prospects are discussed. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kraszewski, AW (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PIT-TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INSTITUTE PI WARSAW PA UL POLIGONOWA 30, 04-051 WARSAW, POLAND BN 83-906662-0-0 PY 1998 BP A230 EP A242 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BM15D UT WOS:000077813500181 ER PT S AU Nearing, MA Nicks, AD AF Nearing, MA Nicks, AD BE Boardman, J FavisMortlock, D TI Evaluation of the water erosion prediction project (WEPP) model for hillslopes SO MODELLING SOIL EROSION BY WATER SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SERIES I, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Global Change - Modelling Soil Erosion by Water CY SEP 11-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP NATO HO UNIV OXFORD ID AMPT CONDUCTIVITY PARAMETERS; SOIL-EROSION; TECHNOLOGY; CROPS AB The USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) computer model is process-based soil erosion prediction technology. Process-based erosion models provide several advantages over empirically based erosion prediction technology, including most notably. 1) capabilities for estimating spatial and temporal distributions of net soil loss, 2) more reliable extrapolation to ungauged areas, and 3) the ability to better predict off-site delivery of sediment, including particle size information. The purpose of this paper is to present an evaluation of the WEPP erosion model as applied to the case of soil loss on hillslopes. Cases where deposition is active were not considered. WEPP was compared with the Universal Soil Loss Equation and its revision, RUSLE, relative to soil erodibility and selected agricultural land use effects on erosion. This paper also presents data from natural runoff plots at nine locations evaluated relative to the WEPP model predictions. Plot data were taken from the National Repository of Soil Erosion Data located at the Agricultural Research Service's National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory. Historical climate and management information, as well as representative slope and soil information, was used to build input Nea for the model. A total of 544 erosion years of data from 64 plots were used. These data are among the most reliable from the current data base of soil erosion in the US. Results indicated that WEPP followed the trends in erodibility and cropping factors as represented by USLE and RUSLE. Comparisons of predictions with measured data were reasonable relative to the expected degree of accuracy for erosion prediction. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1431-7125 BN 3-540-64034-7 J9 NATO ASI SER SER I PY 1998 VL 55 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM47T UT WOS:000078857000005 ER PT S AU Nicks, AD AF Nicks, AD BE Boardman, J FavisMortlock, D TI Gleams model evaluation - Hydrology and erosion components SO MODELLING SOIL EROSION BY WATER SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SERIES I, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Global Change - Modelling Soil Erosion by Water CY SEP 11-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP NATO HO UNIV OXFORD AB The seven watershed data sets provided were evaluated using the hydrology and erosion model components of GLEAMS. Overall, the model did a better job of estimating the hydrology and erosion for annual periods than for monthly or storm by storm comparisons with the observed training data sets. CREAMS/GLEAMS originally developed as a planning tool and not an absolute prediction model, is used to evaluate proposed agricultural management systems against the in place conventional farming practices. The use of the NRCS curve number method for runoff estimation and the USLE technology for erosion simulation is an improvement over USLE procedures, but the model is limited in the prediction of storm events. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Agr Water Qual Lab, Durant, OK 74702 USA. RP Nicks, AD (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Agr Water Qual Lab, Durant, OK 74702 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1431-7125 BN 3-540-64034-7 J9 NATO ASI SER SER I PY 1998 VL 55 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM47T UT WOS:000078857000006 ER PT S AU Nicks, AD AF Nicks, AD BE Boardman, J FavisMortlock, D TI The use of USLE components in models SO MODELLING SOIL EROSION BY WATER SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SERIES I, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Global Change - Modelling Soil Erosion by Water CY SEP 11-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP NATO HO UNIV OXFORD ID EROSION AB The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has been in use during the past several decades. Developed from small erosion plots, it has become the standard for erosion prediction in the U.S. and other parts of the world. There have been few changes in the model since its conception. Attempts to improve the predictive power of the model have largely been the development of databases for soils, cropping and management practices. Users of the model have mixed reactions to the results obtained. USLE technology has been adapted to continuous simulation such as the CREAMS, EPIC, and SWRRB models. This paper reviews some of the uses of USLE in other models and presents some findings from a recent USLE evaluation with the erosion plot data used in its development. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Agr Water Qual Lab, Durant, OK 74702 USA. RP Nicks, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Agr Water Qual Lab, POB 1430, Durant, OK 74702 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1431-7125 BN 3-540-64034-7 J9 NATO ASI SER SER I PY 1998 VL 55 BP 377 EP 386 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM47T UT WOS:000078857000028 ER PT S AU Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R AF Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R BE Boardman, J FavisMortlock, D TI A continuous catchment-scale erosion model SO MODELLING SOIL EROSION BY WATER SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SERIES I, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Global Change - Modelling Soil Erosion by Water CY SEP 11-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP NATO HO UNIV OXFORD ID GIS AB A spatially distributed catchment model called SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was developed that operates on a daily time step. The model allows considerable flexibility in watershed configuration and discretisation. Watersheds can be subdivided into cells and/or subwatersheds. A command structure is used for routing runoff, sediment, nutrients, and pesticides through the watershed. Commands are included for simulating outputs from cells/subwatersheds, routing through channel reaches, routing through reservoirs, and adding outputs. The command structure file can be generated automatically from the drainage patterns. The model is being applied on a small watershed within the Indian Pines Experimental Watershed near West Lafayette, Indiana. The 329 hectare watershed is subdivided into 100 x 100 m cells for model simulation and validation. The model is also applied to the Lower Colorado River Basin (8,927 km(2)) in Texas. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Arnold, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1431-7125 BN 3-540-64034-7 J9 NATO ASI SER SER I PY 1998 VL 55 BP 413 EP 427 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM47T UT WOS:000078857000031 ER PT S AU Williams, JR Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R Ramanarayanan, TS AF Williams, JR Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R Ramanarayanan, TS BE Boardman, J FavisMortlock, D TI APEX: A new tool for predicting the effects of climate and CO2 changes on erosion and water quality SO MODELLING SOIL EROSION BY WATER SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SERIES I, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Global Change - Modelling Soil Erosion by Water CY SEP 11-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP NATO HO UNIV OXFORD ID EPIC MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY AB Several field scale hydrologic/water quality models have been developed to study the impacts of agricultural management practices. The EPIC (Environment Policy Integrated Climate previously the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) model is one of the more popular models, which has been widely applied in the United States and around the world. Such models are limited to small field size areas, where the soil, management, crop, and topography are assumed to be homogeneous. To extend the capabilities of EPIC to simulate large complex farming systems (multiple fields, soils, rotations, management, etc.), a model called APEX (Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender) was developed. In addition to the capabilities of EPIC, APEX has components for routing water, sediment, and chemicals (nutrients and pesticides) across complex landscapes and channel systems to the watershed outlet. The subsurface routing routine to APEX is enhanced from that in EPIC and can be used to simulate subsurface processes to a depth of 30 m. In this paper we present an overview of EPIC and APEX, and describe in detail the recently added CO2 component of the model. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Williams, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1431-7125 BN 3-540-64034-7 J9 NATO ASI SER SER I PY 1998 VL 55 BP 441 EP 449 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM47T UT WOS:000078857000033 ER PT J AU Lee, K Hausman, GJ Dean, RG AF Lee, K Hausman, GJ Dean, RG TI Expression of C/EBP alpha, beta and delta in fetal and postnatal subcutaneous adipose tissue SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE adipose development; C/EBP alpha; C/EBP beta; C/EBP delta ID ENHANCER-BINDING-PROTEIN; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; INSULIN; CELLS; PIG; TRANSACTIVATION; PROGRAM AB The C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein) family of transcription factors (C/EBP alpha, beta, and delta) has been implicated in the development and the metabolic regulation of adipocytes from in vitro studies, yet the function of these factors, particularly CEBP beta and delta, in vivo has not been characterized. To assess the role of these factors in vivo, subcutaneous adipose, tissue from fetal and postnatal pigs was examined for C/EBP alpha, beta, and delta expression in developing and mature adipocytes. Western blot analysis of fetal adipose tissue showed a progressive increase of C/EBP alpha expression in 50, 75 and 95 day old fetuses. C/EBP beta and delta proteins were not observed in fetal adipose tissue. These results were confirmed with immunohistochemical studies of fetal adipose showing enhanced C/EBP alpha expression in the nuclei of adipocytes and cells closely associated with adipose cell clusters from 75 and 95 day old fetuses. For the same tissues only light background staining with no differential enhancement was found for C/EBP beta and delta. In postnatal adipose tissue C/EBP alpha and C/EBP beta protein were expressed in both 8 day old postnatal and mature (180 day) pigs. C/EBP delta reactive products were found in postnatal tissues however, their molecular weights were lower than that found in fetal pig liver. Our data suggest that adipose cell terminal differentiation proceeds in the pig fetus without the expression of C/EBP beta and delta and that these factors may have a more important role in fully differentiated adipose cells in postnatal tissue. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Dean, RG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Lee, Kichoon/G-2234-2012 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1023/A:1006846910046 PG 6 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA ZC647 UT WOS:000072602500035 PM 9546609 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Miklas, PN AF Kelly, JD Miklas, PN TI The role of RAPD markers in breeding for disease resistance in common bean SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Review DE Phaseolus vulgaris; epistasis; marker-assisted selection; indirect selection; linkage; pathogens ID GOLDEN MOSAIC-VIRUS; ASSISTED SELECTION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; RUST RESISTANCE; COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM; ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENETIC-MARKERS; COUPLING-PHASE; DNA MARKERS AB Diseases are regarded as the leading constraint to increased common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide. The range in variability and complexity among bean pathogens can be controlled with different single gene and quantitative resistance sources. Combining these resistance sources into commercial cultivars is a major challenge for bean breeders. To assist breeders, a major effort to identify RAPD markers tightly linked to different genes was undertaken. To date, 23 RAPD and five SCAR markers linked to 15 different resistance genes have been identified, in addition to QTL conditioning resistance to seven major pathogens of common bean. We review the feasibility of using marker-assisted selection (MAS) to incorporate disease resistance into common bean. Indirect selection of single resistance genes in the absence of the pathogen and the opportunity afforded breeders to pyramid these genes to improve their longevity and retain valuable hypostatic genes is discussed. The role of markers linked to the QTL controlling complex resistance and the potential to combine resistance sources using marker based selection is reviewed. Improving levels of selection efficiency using flanking markers, repulsion-phase linkages, co-dominant marker pairs, recombination-facilitated MAS and SCAR markers is demonstrated. Marker-assisted selection for disease resistance in common bean provides opportunities to breeders that were not feasible with traditional breeding methods. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 73 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1998 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1023/A:1009612002144 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA ZA766 UT WOS:000072398700001 ER PT J AU Bush, AL Wise, RP AF Bush, AL Wise, RP TI High-resolution mapping adjacent to the Pc71 crown-rust resistance locus in hexaploid oat SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC); Gramineae; oat crown rust; Puccinia coronata; RFLP mapping ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; LINKAGE MAP; ZEA-MAYS; GROUP-1 CHROMOSOMES; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; RICE; MAIZE; AVENA; RFLP AB The D526-derived BC1F2 population of hexaploid oat segregates for resistance to crown rust isolate 345. A mapping population consisting of 440 F2 individuals was used to develop a high-resolution RFLP map of the area of the genome where Pc71, the locus conferring this resistance, is located. Twelve RFLP markers have been identified within ca. 6 cM of Pc71, with cosegregating loci Xcdo1502 and Xcdo783 positioned 0.2 cM from the locus. All of the RFLP markets map to the same side of the locus, suggesting either that the Pc71 resistance locus resides at the end of a linkage group, or that there is no detectable heterozygosity on the opposite side. Some degree of microcollinearity between lice and oat is present in this area, as the two markers, Xcdo783 and Xrz69, linked to Pc71 are linked also in rice; however the genetic distance in oat is much less than the genetic distance in rice (6.2 cM and 20 cM, respectively). C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1998 VL 4 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1023/A:1009652222382 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA ZA766 UT WOS:000072398700002 ER PT J AU Kiehne, K Neale, DB AF Kiehne, K Neale, DB TI DNA pooling strategy for saturation mapping in outbred crosses SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE bulked segregant analysis; Pinus taeda L; RAPD markers ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; PEDIGREE; LOCI AB We present a method to identify molecular markers linked to a genomic interval in outbred pedigrees. Using information from fully informative RFLP markers on a single linkage group containing a quantitative trait locus for wood specific gravity, we constructed four DNA pools from nonrecombinant progeny of a three-generation outbred pedigree. The four pools were screened to identify linked RAPD markers. The phase and zygosity of a linked RAPD marker could be determined directly from the array of RAPD bands present or absent in the four pools. TWO hundred fifty-six primers were tested on the four DNA pools, revealing 61 putatively linked loci. Nine RAPD loci were linked to the genomic interval. The approach developed here could be generally applied to saturation mapping in outbred pedigrees where fully informative markers have previously been mapped. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1023/A:1009657130819 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 100ZL UT WOS:000074845100001 ER PT J AU Heer, JA Knap, HT Mahalingam, R Shipe, ER Arelli, PR Matthews, BF AF Heer, JA Knap, HT Mahalingam, R Shipe, ER Arelli, PR Matthews, BF TI Molecular markers for resistance to Heterodera glycines in advanced soybean germplasm SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE advanced germplasm; markers; soybean cyst nematode ID CYST-NEMATODE; DNA MARKERS; RACE-3; PEKING; LOCI; ASSOCIATION AB Germplasm line J87-233 is resistant to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) races 1, 2, 3, 5 and moderately resistant to race 14 with resistance derived from 3 primitive sources, 'Peking', PI 88788 and PI 90763. F-2:3 progeny of J87-233 and SCN-susceptible 'Hutcheson' cross were evaluated for response to SCN races 1: 2, 3, 5 and 14. Linkage groups (LG) A, B, F, G, J, M, N, S were tested with 215 genomic clones and 45 decamers for parental genotypes. QTL for race 1 and QTL for race 3 were detected on LG A2, the region of BLT65V and SCAR 548/563(1100/1025,975). The cluster analysis of 12 soybean cultivars and 38 plant introductions confirmed association of SCAR(1100/1025,975) with resistance to races 1 and 3, and suggested possible DNA rearrangements that might give rise to new resistance specificities in the region. The highly significant association of K69T marker with SCN race 1 resistance in conjunction with its location, 18.5 cM from the reported QTL, exemplifies the importance of the QTL locus on LG G and suggests expansion of the Linkage map in the LG G-terminal region. Detected interaction between loci on LG A2 and LG G, and also with loci on LG F and LG M, may play a significant role in the genotype-specific response to SCN. Identification of two major regions on LG A2 and LG G for SCN resistance shows their applicability to advanced germplasm, however, transmission of molecular marker alleles indicates that applied markers are not yet reliable in revealing all possible recombination events in breeding for SCN resistance. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Agron, Poole Agr Ctr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Knap, HT (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Agron, Poole Agr Ctr, Box 340359, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM hskrpsk@clemson.edu NR 23 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 359 EP 367 DI 10.1023/A:1009673422067 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 118EM UT WOS:000075825500008 ER PT J AU Thomas, PE Hassan, S Kaniewski, WK Lawson, EC Zalewski, JC AF Thomas, PE Hassan, S Kaniewski, WK Lawson, EC Zalewski, JC TI A search for evidence of virus/transgene interactions in potatoes transformed with the potato leafroll virus replicase and coat protein genes SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE complementation; genetic recombination; synergism; transcapsidation ID TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; MOTTLE VIRUS; PLANT-VIRUS; RECOMBINATION; RESISTANCE; RNA; INFECTION; MUTANTS AB A search was conducted to detect evidence for interactions between potato leafroll virus (PLRV)-derived transgenes expressed in Russet Burbank potato and viruses to which the transgenic plants were exposed and by which they were infected. More than 25 000 plants in 442 lines transformed with 16 different coat protein gene (CP) constructs and nearly 40 000 plants in 512 lines transformed with seven different replicase gene (Rep) constructs of PLRV were exposed to field infection over a 6-year period. These plants were individually inspected for type and severity of virus symptoms. Heterologous viruses found infecting the plants were identified and examined for alterations in transmission characteristics, serological affinity, host range, and symptoms. Selected isolates of PLRV from field-infected plants were examined for unusual symptoms produced in diagnostic hosts and for alteration in sedimentation properties in density gradient tubes. Viruses that were propagated in selected transgenic lines in a greenhouse were examined for similar alterations. Transmission characteristics and serological properties were not altered when they replicated in potatoes containing CP constructs in the field or greenhouse. Potato plants expressing CP or Rep constructs of PLRV were not infected in the field or in the greenhouse with viruses that do not normally infect potato. New viruses or viruses with altered sedimentation characteristics, symptoms, or host range were not detected in field-exposed or greenhouse-inoculated potato plants expressing CP or Rep gene of PLRV. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Agr, Peshawar, Pakistan. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63198 USA. Nat Mark Co, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Thomas, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pthomas@tricity.wsu.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1998 VL 4 IS 5 BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.1023/A:1009693927819 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 127DJ UT WOS:000076335000003 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Pinson, SRM Stansel, JW Paterson, AH AF Li, ZK Pinson, SRM Stansel, JW Paterson, AH TI Genetic dissection of the source-sink relationship affecting fecundity and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE plant breeding; morphology; QTL; epistasis; productivity ID CHARACTERS; MARKERS; QTLS AB The genetic basis underlying the relationship between the source leaves (the top two leaves) and the sink capacity in rice was investigated in a replicated trial of 2418 F-2 derived F-4 progeny from an inter-subspecific cross between cv. Lemont (japonica) and cv. Teqing (indica) and a complete linkage map with 115 well distributed RFLP markers. Path analysis indicated that 50% of the phenotypic variation in the primary sink capacity-grain weight per panicle was attributable to variation of the flag leaf area. Thirteen QTL and 30 pairs of epistatic loci were identified, which influence the length, width and area of the source leaves and the size of the primary sink (panicles) panicle length, floret density and floret number per panicle. Two QTL (QLl3b and QLw4) and 7 pairs of epistatic loci are largely responsible for the observed relationship between the source leaves and the sink capacity. The others appear to primarily influence the shape of the source leaves or panicle length/branching, and contribute little to the observed source-sink relationship and partially explain the yield component compensation. Our results suggest that important QTL affecting the source leaves can be manipulated through marker-assisted selection to increase sink capacity, which might result in improved yield potential in rice. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Syst Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), Int Rice Res Inst, POB 933, Manila 1099, Philippines. NR 24 TC 64 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1998 VL 4 IS 5 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1023/A:1009608128785 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 127DJ UT WOS:000076335000004 ER PT J AU Mullen, J Adam, G Blowers, A Farle, E AF Mullen, J Adam, G Blowers, A Farle, E TI Biolistic transfer of large DNA fragments to tobacco cells using YACs retrofitted for plant transformation SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE map-based cloning; plant transformation; retrofitted yeast artificial chromosomes ID DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE; SELECTABLE MARKERS; PROTEIN; CHROMOSOMES; TOMATO; YEAST AB To determine whether large DNA molecules could be transferred and integrated intact into the genome of plant cells, we bombarded tobacco suspension cells with yeast DNA containing artificial chromosomes (YACs) having sizes of 80, 150, 210, or 550 kilobases (kb). Plant selectable markers were retrofitted on both YAC arms so that recovery of each arm in transgenic calli could be monitored. Stably transformed calli resistant to kanamycin (300 mg/L) were recovered for each size of YAC tested. Two Of 12 kanamycin-resistant transformants for the 80 kb YAC and 8 of 29 kanamycin-resistant transformants for the 150 kb YAC also contained a functional hygromycin gene derived from the opposite YAC arm. Southern analyses using probes that spanned the entire 55 kb insert region of the 80 kb YAC confirmed that one of the two double-resistant lines had integrated a fully intact single copy of the YAC DNA while the other contained a major portion of the insert. Transgenic lines that contained only one selectable marker gene from the 80 kb YAC incorporated relatively small portions of the YAC insert DNA distal to the selectable marker. Our data suggest genomic DNA cloned in artificial chromosomes up to 150 kb in size have a reasonable likelihood of being transferred by biolistic methods and integrated intact into the genome of plant cells. Biolistic transfer of YAC DNA may accelerate the isolation of agronomically useful plant genes using map-based cloning strategies. C1 Cornell Univ, NSF, USDA, DOE,Plant Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Sanford Sci Inc, Waterloo, NY 13165 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, 7300 NW 62nd Ave,POB 1004, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1998 VL 4 IS 5 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1023/A:1009646004272 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 127DJ UT WOS:000076335000007 ER PT J AU Mattoo, AK AF Mattoo, AK TI Peptidylprolyl cis-trans-isomerases from plant organelles SO MOLECULAR CHAPERONES SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CYTOSOLIC BINDING-PROTEIN; PROLYL ISOMERASE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT FK506; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CYCLOPHILIN; CHLOROPLAST; HYBRIDIZATION; MITOCHONDRIA; POLYPEPTIDE C1 ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1998 VL 290 BP 84 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)90009-X PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BK62A UT WOS:000072763100007 PM 9534153 ER PT S AU Hohn, TM McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Desjardins, AE Proctor, RH AF Hohn, TM McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Desjardins, AE Proctor, RH BE Kohmoto, K Yoder, OC TI Function and biosynthesis of trichothecenes produced by Fusarium species SO MOLECULAR GENETICS OF HOST-SPECIFIC TOXINS IN PLANT DISEASES SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Tottori International Symposium on Host-Specific Toxins CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL DAISEN, JAPAN AB Trichothecene toxins are produced by Fusarium species in food and feed grains worldwide and represent an important economic problem for agriculture. F. graminearum is the major source of trichothecene contamination in the U.S. and the causative agent of Wheat Head Scab (WHS). Recently, it was shown that trichothecene-deficient mutants of F. graminearum display significantly reduced levels of virulence on wheat. Based on these results, trichothecenes appear to be examples of fungal toxins that can function as virulence factors without strong host selectivity. Biosynthesis of trichothecenes is complex, and at least ten pathway genes have been identified within a gene cluster spanning a 23 Kb region of DNA in F: sporotrichioides. Recent investigations of the trichothecene pathway gene cluster have provided new information concerning the transcriptional regulation of pathway gene expression (TRI6) and the transport of pathway products (TRII2). A trichothecene resistance gene (TRIr) has also been identified in F sporotrichioides. Expression of TRIr or other microbial trichothecene resistance genes in wheat map provide a means for further investigating the importance of trichothecenes in Fusarium WHS. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hohn, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1318 BN 0-7923-4981-4 J9 DEV PLANT PATHOL PY 1998 VL 13 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BL57D UT WOS:000075908700002 ER PT B AU Paige, GB Stone, JJ Lane, LJ Yakowitz, DS AF Paige, GB Stone, JJ Lane, LJ Yakowitz, DS BE ElSwaify, SA Yakowitz, DS TI Overview of a decision support system for the evaluation of landfill cover designs SO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING FOR LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for Land, Water, and Environmental Management - Concepts, Approaches, and Applications CY SEP, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Int Chapter, Int Soc Soil Sci, Int Soc Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Univ Hawaii, USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, East West Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Univ Arizona AB A computer-based prototype decision support system (PDSS) is being developed to assist the risk manager in selecting an appropriate landfill cover design for mixed waste disposal sites. The selection of the "best" design among feasible alternatives requires consideration of multiple and often conflicting objectives. The methodology used in the selection process consists of selecting and parameterizing decision variables or criteria, selecting feasible cover design alternatives, ordering the decision variables, and ranking the design alternatives. Decision variables can be parameterized by the use of data, expert opinion, or simulation models. The simulation models incorporated in the PDSS are the HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance) model which is used to simulate the trench cap water balance and the CREAMS (Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems) erosion component which is used to simulate erosion of the cover. The decision model is based on multiobjective decision theory and uses a unique approach to order the decision variables and rank the design alternatives. The decision variables, which are of different magnitudes and dimensions, are normalized to a common 0-1 scale through the use of scoring functions. The scoring functions are parameterized based on a conventional design or existing conditions at the disposal site. Each decision variable for each alternative is compared to the conventional design or existing condition using the scoring functions. The decision variables are ordered and a simple linear program is used to compute the best and worst aggregate scores of each alternative for all possible weights of the decision variables. This approach significantly reduces user subjectivity and bias inherent in most decision-making methodologies and provides the risk manager with a powerful, repeatable method to evaluate landfill covers. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-57444-091-8 PY 1998 BP 153 EP 165 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BK51C UT WOS:000072399800013 ER PT B AU Twery, MJ Stout, SL Loftis, DL AF Twery, MJ Stout, SL Loftis, DL BE ElSwaify, SA Yakowitz, DS TI Using desired future conditions to integrate multiple resource prescriptions: The northeast decision model SO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING FOR LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for Land, Water, and Environmental Management - Concepts, Approaches, and Applications CY SEP, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Int Chapter, Int Soc Soil Sci, Int Soc Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Univ Hawaii, USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, East West Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Univ Arizona AB Synthesis of scientific knowledge into forms useful to forest managers is essential. Integration of information needed by mangers is complex. Tools that make integration feasible include decision support systems (DSS). The Northeast Decision Model (NED) is such a system and uses an original prescription design system to incorporate management goals for multiple objectives, analyze current forest conditions, recommend management alternatives, and predict future conditions under different alternatives. NED is designed to include a long-term, landscape-level view of the forest as an interconnected ecosystem that is too complex to understand at every level but which still must be managed. NED recommends potential treatments for all resources affected and provides options from which a manager may choose. The technique involves defining a management area of interest, defining goals for the area, identifying conditions necessary to meet each goal, and identifying conditions that can be met in conjunction with others, from most restrictive to least restrictive. The process begins with the selection of management objectives, or goals, for any or all of five resources: visual quality, wildlife, water, wood production, and general ecological objectives. These goals are defined for a management unit at a scale from one to many stands, generally within the range of 5 to 5,000 ha. Committees of experts in each of the specific resources have defined the conditions necessary to meet the specified goals, and have determined common variables to allow consistent evaluation of the conditions across goals. This integrated evaluation is a key element to the process of determining acceptable prescriptions and evaluating whether different alternative actions across the entire area will meet the desired conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT 05403 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-57444-091-8 PY 1998 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BK51C UT WOS:000072399800017 ER PT B AU Yakowitz, DS AF Yakowitz, DS BE ElSwaify, SA Yakowitz, DS TI A multiattribute tool for decision support: Ranking a finite number of alternatives SO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING FOR LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for Land, Water, and Environmental Management - Concepts, Approaches, and Applications CY SEP, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Int Chapter, Int Soc Soil Sci, Int Soc Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Univ Hawaii, USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, East West Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Univ Arizona AB Many decision-making problems can be expressed as the problem of deciding among a finite number of alternative management systems based on a finite number of criteria or attributes (impacts on the environment) of the alternatives. In this paper, a method is described for ranking the alternatives in order of preference without specifying weights on each criteria. The range from best to worst possible scores, given a priority order (ordinal) of the criteria, are computed by solving two simple linear programs and can be displayed by simple bar graphs. Strong or absolute dominance of one alternative over another can often be discerned immediately. The method can be easily incorporated into a decision support system (DSS) for a wide variety of applications including environmental decision making or as an enhancement to existing systems and methods. Adapting the method to include the consideration of a hierarchy of the criteria and the possibility of different states of nature with some probability are also developed. Use of the model within a sampling scheme to predicted unsampled subdivisions is also suggested. An example application and suggested display of the information are provided. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-57444-091-8 PY 1998 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BK51C UT WOS:000072399800018 ER PT B AU Williams, SB Holtfrerich, DR AF Williams, SB Holtfrerich, DR BE ElSwaify, SA Yakowitz, DS TI A knowledge-based reasoning toolkit for forest resource management SO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING FOR LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for Land, Water, and Environmental Management - Concepts, Approaches, and Applications CY SEP, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Int Chapter, Int Soc Soil Sci, Int Soc Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Univ Hawaii, USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, East West Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Univ Arizona AB Forest resource managers on two U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Ranger Districts are using a decision support system (DSS) known as INFORMS-R8 to support common district planning activities. One component of this system, the knowledge base component, is being used to address a broad range of issues, ranging from selection of public firewood sites to assessment of wildlife habitat. Until recently, the expert-defined rulebases that are the basis of this know-ledge base component were converted into C Language Integration Production System (CLIPS) code by highly skilled programmers. The CLIPS-encoded rulebases were then integrated into INFORMS-R8 for use. In order to enable distribution of this technology across many Ranger Districts, a knowledge-based reasoning toolkit, or "rulebase toolkit," is being built to promote self-sufficiency by Ranger District staff in building and maintaining CLIPS-encoded rulebases. The history of rulebase use on this project and preliminary feedback from users of the initial beta version of the toolkit highlights the. value of rulebase technology in natural resource management and the need for this knowledge base reasoning toolkit. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-57444-091-8 PY 1998 BP 251 EP 268 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BK51C UT WOS:000072399800022 ER PT B AU Ascough, JC Deer-Ascough, LA Shaffer, MJ Hanson, JD AF Ascough, JC Deer-Ascough, LA Shaffer, MJ Hanson, JD BE ElSwaify, SA Yakowitz, DS TI Subjective evaluation of decision support systems using multiattribute decision making (MADM) SO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING FOR LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for Land, Water, and Environmental Management - Concepts, Approaches, and Applications CY SEP, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Int Chapter, Int Soc Soil Sci, Int Soc Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Univ Hawaii, USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, East West Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Univ Arizona AB Structured evaluation of decision support system (DSS) development stages may be found in development plans, however, formal and systematic evaluations of "real world" DSS are rarely performed throughout the creation process. As a result, we relinquish the chance to gain valuable information about what potential customers think about the system, how well the code is written, the extent to which the system actually supports decision making, etc. Andriole (1982) estimated that reliable evaluations were conducted on about only 10% of government-sponsored DSS development projects. Multiattribute decision making (MADM) is presented herein as a mechanism to account for different attributes or system effectiveness measures (SEMs) considered important when evaluating a DSS and as a means for combining the SEMs into a comprehensive measure of value, that is, a single overall assessment of system utility. MADM is an appropriate tool for evaluating DSS in that it is capable of distinguishing between satisfactory and unsatisfactory systems, or components of a system. A case study is presented showing how MADM was used to evaluate two potential Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) for the USDA-ARS Great Plains Framework for Agricultural Resource Management (GPFARM) DSS. C1 USDA ARS, NPA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-57444-091-8 PY 1998 BP 269 EP 280 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BK51C UT WOS:000072399800023 ER PT B AU Dennis, DF AF Dennis, DF BE ElSwaify, SA Yakowitz, DS TI Analyzing public inputs to multiple objective decisions using conjoint analysis SO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING FOR LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for Land, Water, and Environmental Management - Concepts, Approaches, and Applications CY SEP, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Int Chapter, Int Soc Soil Sci, Int Soc Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Univ Hawaii, USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, East West Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Univ Arizona AB Resource managers need more than biophysical information and technical expertise to choose among alternate management strategies. Human wants, needs, beliefs, and values also must be considered. Conjoint techniques are well suited for soliciting and analyzing human preferences and values. The goal of this study is to assess and analyze public preferences and acceptable trade-offs for various levels of timber harvesting, wildlife habitats, and recreational opportunities using conjoint techniques on the Green Mountain National Forest. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-57444-091-8 PY 1998 BP 493 EP 501 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BK51C UT WOS:000072399800042 ER PT B AU More, TA Averill, J Glass, RJ AF More, TA Averill, J Glass, RJ BE ElSwaify, SA Yakowitz, DS TI Noneconomic values in multiple objective decision making SO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING FOR LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for Land, Water, and Environmental Management - Concepts, Approaches, and Applications CY SEP, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Int Chapter, Int Soc Soil Sci, Int Soc Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Univ Hawaii, USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, East West Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Univ Arizona C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, So Burlington, VT 05403 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-57444-091-8 PY 1998 BP 503 EP 512 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BK51C UT WOS:000072399800043 ER PT B AU Heilman, P Lane, LJ Yakowitz, DS AF Heilman, P Lane, LJ Yakowitz, DS BE ElSwaify, SA Yakowitz, DS TI Quantifying economic incentives needed for control of nonpoint source pollution in agriculture SO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING FOR LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for Land, Water, and Environmental Management - Concepts, Approaches, and Applications CY SEP, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Int Chapter, Int Soc Soil Sci, Int Soc Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Univ Hawaii, USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, East West Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Univ Arizona AB Multiobjective decision support systems (MODSS) can be a powerful tool to improve natural resource management in agriculture. When the decision is the selection of a land management system from the point of view of all of society, a problem may arise. Some of the objectives will reflect the interests of land managers and others by those affected off-site. An important issue is how to encourage the adoption of improved management systems if they are in society's overall interest, but not in the land manager's interest, as happens with nonpoint source water pollution. Further economic analysis is needed to encourage the adoption of improved management systems, as a complement to MODSS. A farm scale optimization model can be used to estimate the expected cost to a farmer of adopting management systems which will abate the production of agricultural pollutants. An example from the deep loess hills of western Iowa illustrates this approach. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-57444-091-8 PY 1998 BP 513 EP 526 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BK51C UT WOS:000072399800044 ER PT B AU Hernandez, M Heilman, P Lane, LJ Oropeza-Mota, JL Arias-Rojo, HM AF Hernandez, M Heilman, P Lane, LJ Oropeza-Mota, JL Arias-Rojo, HM BE ElSwaify, SA Yakowitz, DS TI Use of a DSS for evaluating land management system effects on Tepetate lands in central Mexico SO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING FOR LAND, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for Land, Water, and Environmental Management - Concepts, Approaches, and Applications CY SEP, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Int Chapter, Int Soc Soil Sci, Int Soc Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Univ Hawaii, USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, East West Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Univ Arizona AB Increases in population and subsequent increases in demand for agricultural production have resulted in agricultural systems that cause a severe decline in productivity of the soil resource in some areas of Mexico. The central region of Mexico contains areas in which the topsoil has been severely eroded. The exposed subsoil in these areas is characterized by bare and hard surfaces locally named Tepetates. Tepetates are volcanic soils that consist of a duripan exposed through erosion of the overlying soil. In completely exposed soils, the average annual rate of erosion is approximately 6 ton/ha which contributes to the detriment of water quality and loss of storage capacity in reservoirs in the area. Reclamation of tepetate lands for agriculture has been established as one alternative to help meet the demand for food production in that region of Mexico. The U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in Tucson has developed a prototype decision support system (DSS) with a multiobjective framework. As a case study, the prototype DSS is applied in Texcoco, Mexico to evaluate crop productivity of maize in tepetate lands using straight row farming, contour row farming, narrow-base terraces, and bench terraces as management systems. The decision variables selected to evaluate the management systems are crop yield, total cost of terrace construction, sediment yield, and runoff. The weather generator CLIGEN is used to reproduce a 20-year record of daily precipitation and the GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) model to estimate sediment yield, crop yield, and runoff for the same time record. The application of the DSS in selecting conservation management systems in tepetate lands in Mexico provided an improved basis for decision making and revealed problems which will probably be common to many applications of multiobjective decision support technology in developing countries. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-57444-091-8 PY 1998 BP 571 EP 583 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BK51C UT WOS:000072399800048 ER PT J AU Hywel-Jones, NL Samuels, GJ AF Hywel-Jones, NL Samuels, GJ TI Three species of Hypocrella with large stromata pathogenic on scale insects SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Clavicipitales; Homoptera; systematics; tropics AB Three species of Hypocrella characterized by large stromata and living on scale insects are described or redescribed. Two rarely reported species, H. gaertneriana and H schizostachyi, are associated with bamboo scale insects and are redescribed from South America and Thailand, respectively. The new species H. africana is described from scale insects on wood in Africa. A hyphomycetous anamorph with enteroblastic conidiogenous cells and two different conidial morphologies developed in cultures derived from Thai material of H. schizostachyi. These records and observations are put in the context of currently accepted Hypocrella taxonomy. C1 Minist Sci Technol & Environm Bldg, Natl Sci & Technol Dev Agcy, Natl Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hywel-Jones, NL (reprint author), Minist Sci Technol & Environm Bldg, Natl Sci & Technol Dev Agcy, Natl Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 90 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.2307/3761009 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA YW130 UT WOS:000071901100002 ER PT J AU Bago, B Azcon-Aguilar, C Piche, Y AF Bago, B Azcon-Aguilar, C Piche, Y TI Architecture and developmental dynamics of the external mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices grown under monoxenic conditions SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizas; extraradical mycelium architecture; hyphal morphogenesis; monoxenic AM cultures; mycorhizospheric pH ID HYPHAL GROWTH; PH CHANGES; SOIL; ROOTS; PHOSPHORUS; DEPLETION; NITROGEN; CULTURE; SYSTEM AB The structural development of-arbuscular mycorrhiza extraradical mycelium is difficult to follow in soil-based systems. The use of dual arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi/in vitro root organ cultures (monoxenic AM cultures) allowed the nondestructive study of hyphal development following establishment of the symbiosis. The present study shows that the extraradical spreading of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices grown monoxenically with tomato roots can be divided into three stages: (i) proliferation of runner hyphae acting as conducting channels, which divide dichotomously and extend the fungal colony radially; (ii) development of arbuscule-like structures, which are formed at regular intervals along the runner hyphae and which might play a preferential role in nutrient uptake; and (iii) formation of spores in zones already colonized by runner hyphae and arbuscule-like structures. The development of the mycorrhiza is accompanied by changes in the pH of the medium. In particular, pH decreases in zones of the medium in which a high number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores are formed. The intricate architecture shown by the extraradical mycelium highlights the potential for enhanced nutrient uptake by mycorrhizal roots, and their role in the maintainance and amelioration of soil structure. C1 Univ Laval, Fac Foresterie & Geomat, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. CSIC, Estac Expt Zaidin, Dept Microbiol Suelo & Sistemas Simbiot, E-18008 Granada, Spain. RP Bago, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Azcon, Concepcion/H-5873-2015; Bago, Alberto/H-9683-2015 OI Azcon, Concepcion/0000-0003-3041-8566; NR 31 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 17 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 90 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.2307/3761011 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA YW130 UT WOS:000071901100004 ER PT J AU Klepzig, KD AF Klepzig, KD TI Competition between a biological control fungus, Ophiostoma piliferum, and symbionts of the southern pine beetle SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE cartapip; Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus; Dendroctonus frontalis; Entomocorticium; Ophiostoma minus; SJB122 ID CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; LOBLOLLY-PINE AB A colorless isolate of O. piliferum was paired in a series of competitive interactions with three fungal symbionts of Dendroctonus frontalis, the southern pine beetle. Two of these fungi, Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus and Entomocorticium sp. A, are considered to be mutualists of the southern pine beetle. The third fungal symbiont, O. minus, is considered to be an antagonist. I found strong evidence of differential competition between O. piliferum and all three symbionts. In primary and secondary resource capture contests on an artificial medium O. piliferum outcompeted all three fungi. In inoculations of natural substrate, O. piliferum outcompeted the two mutualists but did not outcompete O. minus. The ability of O. piliferum to outcompete beetle mutualists on both artificial and natural substrates indicates promise for this fungus as a biological control agent of the southern pine beetle. However, it may not be able to always prevent colonization by O. minus and the resultant discoloration of colonized wood. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Klepzig, KD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 90 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.2307/3761013 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA YW130 UT WOS:000071901100006 ER PT J AU Castlebury, LA Domier, LL AF Castlebury, LA Domier, LL TI Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene phylogeny of Plasmodiophora brassicae SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE clubroot; introns; Plasmodiophorales; Plasmodiophoromycetes; rRNA sequences ID GROUP-I INTRONS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; FUNGI; DNA; PERSPECTIVE; EXTRACTION; PHYLA AB The small subunit ribosomal RNA genes of Plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate endoparasite of crucifers, were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and found to be approximately 3 kilobases (kb) long. Reverse transcriptase-PCR of the small subunit rRNA produced a fragment approximately 1.8 kb long. Insertion sequences were found at positions 567 (388 bp), 1195 (383 bp), and 1786 (442 bp) of the P. brassicae small subunit ribosomal DNA. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA sequence suggests that P. brassicae may be more closely related to the alveolates (Dinozoa, Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa) than to any of the Fungi, Mycetozoa or Rhizopoda. Bootstrapping (30%), however, does not support this hypothesis, indicating that P. brassicae is not very closely related to any of che organisms in this alignment, including those with which it has been classified in the past. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Pathol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Castlebury, LA (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lisa@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 90 IS 1 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.2307/3761018 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA YW130 UT WOS:000071901100011 ER PT J AU Nakasone, KK Burdsall, HH Lodge, DJ AF Nakasone, KK Burdsall, HH Lodge, DJ TI Phanerochaete flava in Puerto Rico SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Corticiaceae; hyphal cords; Meruliales; nutrient cycling ID NUTRIENT AB Phanerochaete flava is a conspicuous, bright yellow resupinate, wood-inhabiting basidiomycete encountered in the subtropical wet and subtropical moist forest life zones in Puerto Rico. Characterized by abundant, white to yellow hyphal cords with numerous hyaline crystals, this species appears to be involved in the immobilization of nutrients following disturbances, such as hurricanes and logging, that leave woody debris on the forest floor. Basidiomata are redescribed and illustrated. In addition, Peniophora subiculosa is placed in synonymy under P. flava, and a combination, Phanerochaete exigua, is proposed. C1 Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 90 IS 1 BP 132 EP 135 DI 10.2307/3761022 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA YW130 UT WOS:000071901100015 ER PT J AU De Koker, TH Zhao, J Cullen, D Janse, BJH AF De Koker, TH Zhao, J Cullen, D Janse, BJH TI Biochemical and molecular characterization of South African strains of Phanerochaete chrysosporium SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; ENZYME; LACCASE AB Fifty-five strains of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were isolated in South Africa, and screened for indicators of ligninolytic activity: lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and glyoxal oxidase (GLOX). MnP-production as a function of time was followed in all strains. Nine strains were selected for quantification of MnP, LiP and GLOX activities. Statistically significant variation in MnP and GLOX activities existed among the different strains. Under low nitrogen, LiP activity of selected strains showed no significant variation, whereas strain PP25 had significantly increased LiP levels under high nitrogen conditions. Probing genomic DNA with the genes encoding lignin peroxidase (lipD and lipI1), manganese peroxidase (mnp2), and glyoxal oxidase (glax) showed significant genetic diversity with lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase probes, but not with the glyoxal oxidase probe. C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 102 BP 88 EP 92 DI 10.1017/S095375629700453X PN 1 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA YW791 UT WOS:000071974400013 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Jacks, TJ Broekaert, WJ AF De Lucca, AJ Jacks, TJ Broekaert, WJ TI Fungicidal and binding properties of three plant peptides SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; fungicidal; Fusarium moniliforme; plant peptides ID ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; DERMASEPTIN; ENDOSPERM; MEMBRANES; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; H-1-NMR; BARLEY; SEEDS AB The fungicidal properties of plant seed peptides from Heuchera sanginea (Hs-AFP(1)), Raphanus sativus (EA-AFP(2)), and Impatiens balsamina (Ib-AMP(3)) were determined for the nongerminated and germinated conidia of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme . These peptides were weakly lethal for germinated but not for nongerminated conidia of A. flavus . Both nongerminated and germinated conidia of F. moniliforme were susceptible to these peptides. Overall, F. moniliforme was more susceptible than A. flavus to the peptides. The peptides bound strongly to chitin, mannan, galactocerebrosides, and sphingomyelin. Binding results varied for ergosterol, cholesterol, and beta 1,3-glucan. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Catholic Univ Louvain, FA Janssens Lab Genet, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1998 VL 144 IS 2 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 223PA UT WOS:000081848400006 PM 16284838 ER PT J AU Ito, Y Peterson, SW Goto, T AF Ito, Y Peterson, SW Goto, T TI Properties of Aspergillus tamarii, A-caelatus and related species from acidic tea field soils in Japan SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE acidic soil; Aspergillus caelatus; Aspergillus tamarii; DNA sequence; mycotoxin ID CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; AFLATOXIN; FLAVUS AB Fungi in Aspergillus section Flavi include both aflatoxin producers and non-producers. Aspergillus caelatus is a recently described non-aflatoxigenic species in this section, which has some common characteristics with A. tamarii, such as yellowish brown color and double walled spores. In contrast to the morphological similarities, all of the A. caelatus isolates tested produced no cyclopiazonic acid whereas most isolates of A. tamarii produce this compound. There are six nucleotide differences that distinguish the DNA sequences of these two species in the regions of ITS1, ITS2, 5.8S rDNA and 28S rDNA and this is a consistent difference. Both species were isolated from acidified field soils, but A. tamarii isolates were more common than A. caelatus in highly acidic soils. C1 MAFF, Natl Food Res Inst, Safety & Qual Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. MAFF, Natl Res Inst Vegetables Ornamental Plants & Tea, Shizuoka 4288501, Japan. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Ito, Y (reprint author), MAFF, Natl Food Res Inst, Safety & Qual Lab, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1998 VL 144 IS 3 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1023/A:1007021527106 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 235FC UT WOS:000082528700008 PM 10531683 ER PT J AU Vidal, C Fargues, J Lacey, LA Jackson, MA AF Vidal, C Fargues, J Lacey, LA Jackson, MA TI Effect of various liquid culture media on morphology, growth, propagule production, and pathogenic activity to Bemisia argentifolii of the entomopathogenic Hyphomycete, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; liquid media; mass production; microbial control; Paecilomyces fumosoraseus; propagule morphology ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA DEUTEROMYCOTINA; SUBMERGED CULTURE; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; HIRSUTELLA-THOMPSONII; CONIDIA; FUNGUS; BLASTOSPORES; INFECTIVITY; FORMULATION; FLAVOVIRIDE AB The entomopathogenic Hyphomycete Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was grown in five different liquid media, which have been developed for mass production of Beauveria spp. or P. fumosoroseus. Production was followed for 96 h by measuring both biomass and concentration of propagules. Maximal biomass was obtained with two media: Jackson and Catroux media (40-60 mg ml(-1) suspension produced after 42 h incubation), where the exponential phase of growth began earlier than in the other media. While high concentrations of propagules (1.4-5.5 x 10(8) propagules ml(-1)) were produced in three media (Jackson, Paris, and Catroux media) after 48-72 h incubation, production of propagules was lower in the two other media, containing maltose as carbon source(Goral and Kondryatiev media) with 0.4-3.7 x 10(7) propagules ml(-1) after 96 h incubation. P. fumosoroseus produced oblong blastospores in the three most productive media and conidiospore-like (ovoid to subspherical) propagules in the two other media. Infection potential of produced propagules was tested on the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii). Whiteflies were sprayed as 2nd instars with P, fumosoroseus propagules produced in the five liquid media (1.9 x 10(3) and 1.9 x 10(3) propagules cm(-2)). All the media produced propagules that were infectious for larvae. With the lower dosage, mortality rates were significantly lower with propagules produced in one of the two least productive media (57%) (in the Kondryatiev medium) compared to those obtained with the three most productive media (>90%). However, when whiteflies were treated with the higher dosage, mortality rates (91-99%) between media: were not significantly different. C1 INRA, Unite Rech Lutte Biol, F-34982 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34397 Montpellier 5, France. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Vidal, C (reprint author), INRA, Unite Rech Lutte Biol, Campus Int Baillarguet, F-34982 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. EM vidale@ensam.inra.fr NR 52 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1998 VL 143 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1023/A:1006962808712 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 179KT UT WOS:000079327000007 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Mercadier, G AF Lacey, LA Mercadier, G TI The effect of selected allelochemicals on germination of conidia and blastospores and mycelial growth of the entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina : Hyphomycetes) SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE allelochemicals; blastospores; conidia; germination; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; radial growth ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; BIOASSAY METHOD; ALPHA-TOMATINE; TANNIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LARVAE AB Selected allelochemicals that protect plants from invasion by plant pathogenic fungi were investigated for their activity against the entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. The alkaloids tomatine, solanine, and camptothecin; the furanocoumarin, xanthotoxin; and the phenolic, tannic acid were tested for their effects on germination of conidia and blastospores and growth of mycelia. The LC50 values (corresponding to 50% inhibition of germination) for tomatine, solanine, camptothecin, xanthotoxin and tannic acid were 51.6, 95.9, 55.9, 83.0 and 72.8 mg/l respectively. When blastospores were placed on media containing a concentration of the individual allelochemicals that inhibit germination in approximately 50% of conidia, all but blastospores on tomatine had significantly less germination than did aerial conidia. Growth rates of mycelia were slowest in the camptothecin medium, followed by those of tomatine and xanthotoxin and were not significantly different from controls in the media containing solanine and tannic acid. A multitude of biotic and abiotic factors are responsible for specificity and degree of pathogenicity of entomopathogens. The effect of crop plant chemistry on the efficacy of entomopathogens should be quantified further in order to maximize their potential when used concomitantly with resistant plant varieties. C1 European Biol Control Lab, F-34397 Montpellier 5, France. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM ilacey@yarl.gov NR 39 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1998 VL 142 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1023/A:1006963016316 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 144MJ UT WOS:000077318100005 PM 16284855 ER PT J AU Bruhn, JN Johnson, TE Karr, AL Wetteroff, JJ Leininger, TD AF Bruhn, JN Johnson, TE Karr, AL Wetteroff, JJ Leininger, TD TI Identification of Armillaria field isolates using isozymes and mycelial growth characteristics SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Armillaria gallica; mellea; tabescens; isozymes; mycelium ID ROOT DISEASE; PATTERNS; OSTOYAE; PROFILES; ONTARIO; AFRICA AB This research was conducted to develop procedures based on mycelial growth characteristics and patterns of esterase (EST) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) production by diffuse mycelia for identification of Armillaria field isolates from Quercus-Carya-Pinus forests in the Ozark Mountains (central USA). The 285 isolates collected were first identified by standard diploid-haploid pairing tests as A. gallica, A. mellea, or A. tabescens. A strong PPO band was diagnostic for A. gallica. All A. mellea isolates tested and 91% of the A. tabescens isolates tested were distinguished based on production of EST bands in three standardized Rf ranges. A procedure based on mycelial growth and morphology on tannic acid medium (TA) at 24 degrees C and on malt extract medium (ME) at 33 degrees C correctly identified 98% of A. gallica isolates and all A. mellea and A. tabescens isolates. On TA, A. gallica grew slowest. On ME, A. mellea grew slowest: mycelial morphology differed among species; A. gallica typically stained the agar and produced an appressed/submerged growth pattern with concentric bands of decreasing hyphal density, A. mellea typically did not stain the agar and produced round mycelia with smooth margins and abundant aerial hyphae, A. tabescens typically stained the agar and grew appressed/submerged with very irregular margins and patchy hyphal density. These are the first published systems evaluating the potential for identifying Armillaria field isolates based on their mycelial growth characteristics and EST and PPO complements. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bruhn, JN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Pathol, 108 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1998 VL 142 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1023/A:1006998109169 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 162EV UT WOS:000078333300007 PM 16284853 ER PT J AU Klich, MA AF Klich, MA TI Soil fungi of some low-altitude desert cotton fields and ability of their extracts to inhibit Aspergillus flavus SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; antifungal; Aspergillus; Fusarium; Penicillium ID ITURIN-A AB Soil is presumed to be a major source of inoculum for Aspergillus flavus which contaminates cottonseed and produces the potent carcinogen, aflatoxin. Little is known about the mycoflora of the low desert soils of cotton fields where aflatoxin is a chronic problem. In this study, soils from cotton fields in southwestern Arizona and southeastern California were assayed for filamentous fungi. Forty-two taxa, predominantly in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, were isolated. To determine whether or not compounds produced by these fungi could be potential inhibitors of A. flavus, extracts of strains of each taxon were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of A. flavus. Twelve taxa produced compounds inhibitory to A. flavus, including several strains of Fusarium solani, Penicillium vinaceum and Aspergillus auricomus. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Klich, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mklich@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1998 VL 142 IS 2 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1023/A:1006989712282 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 162EV UT WOS:000078333300008 PM 9926421 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Plattner, RD Riley, RT Meredith, FI Norred, WP AF Voss, KA Plattner, RD Riley, RT Meredith, FI Norred, WP TI In vivo effects of fumonisin B(1)-producing and fumonisin B(1)-nonproducing Fusarium moniliforme isolates are similar: Fumonisins B(2) and B(3) cause hepato- and nephrotoxicity in rats SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Fusarium moniliforme; fumonisins; toxicity; sphinganine; sphingosine; clinical chemistry; pathology ID HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; CULTURE MATERIAL; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; DIETARY FUMONISIN; MYCOTOXIN; TOXICITY; LIVER; CORN; CYTOTOXICITY; CELLS AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and related Fusnarium species found on corn. They occur naturally in corn-based feeds and foods and are suspected human esophageal carcinogens. Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)), the most common homologue, causes the animal diseases associated with F: moniliforme. Hepato- and nephrotoxicities, disrupted sphingolipid metabolism, and liver cancer have been found in rats fed FB1. To determine the in vivo effects of diets containing fumonisins B(2) (FB(2)) or B(3) (FB(3)), male rats were fed culture materials (CM) of FB(1) non-producing F. moniliforme isolates to provide low (4.6-6.7 ppm), mid (32-49 ppm) or high (219-295 ppm) dietary levels of either FB(2) (FB(2)CM) or FB(3) (FB(3)CM). Other groups were fed culture material of an FBI producing isolate (FB(1)CM) providing 6.9, 53 or 303 ppm total fumonisins (FB1 FB(2) : FB(3) = 1.0 : 0.38 : 0.15) and a tenth group was fed a control diet having no detectable fumonisins. One-half (n = 5/group) the animals were killed after three weeks, at which time the toxicological and histopathological effects of the three culture materials were similar, mimicked the effects of FBI, and included decreased body weight gains, serum chemical indicators of hepatotoxicity, decreased kidney weights, and apoptosis of hepatocytes and kidney tubular epithelium. FB(1)CRM, FB(2)CM, and FB(3)CM affected sphingolipids, causing increased sphinganine to sphingosine ratios (Sa/So) in both liver and kidneys. The remaining animals (n = 5/group) were fed a control diet for three additional weeks. All body weight and tissue specific effects, including increased Sa/So, induced by the FB2CM, FB3CM and low level FB(1)CM diets were absent following the recovery period. Except for mild biliary lesions found in the high dose FB(1)CM group and a few apoptotic hepatocytes present in one mid- and two high-dose FB(1)CM rats, no evidence of toxicity remained in these groups following the recovery period. C1 USDA, ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1998 VL 141 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1023/A:1006810916344 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 111RV UT WOS:000075471600006 PM 9725030 ER PT B AU Cole, RJ Dorner, JW Blankenship, PD AF Cole, RJ Dorner, JW Blankenship, PD BE Miraglia, M VanEgmond, HP Brera, C Gilbert, J TI Management strategies for prevention and control of mycotoxins SO MYCOTOXINS AND PHYCOTOXINS - DEVELOPMENTS IN CHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IX International IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins CY MAY 27-31, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, European Commiss, Stand Measurements & Testing Programme, UN, FAO DE mycotoxin management; mycotoxin detoxification; aflatoxin; fumonisin; mycotoxin prevention; biological control; resistant varieties; genetic engineering ID DROUGHT-STRESSED PEANUTS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; CORN; IRRIGATION AB Effective mycotoxin management requires an integrated approach involving detection/diversion, separation/removal, sequestration, detoxification, and prevention. Initially, technology development for mycotoxin management is largely reactive. When a mycotoxin problem is identified, methods are developed to detect the toxin and steps are implemented to divert contaminated lots from food/feed usage; later evolving technologies involve detoxification. Finally, proactive technologies evolve to address prevention of mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxin contamination can occur prior to harvest or during post-harvest. The management technologies currently available for prevention of preharvest aflatoxin contamination are irrigation and/or insect control. Some preharvest management technologies that are currently under development are biological control, aflatoxin resistant varieties, and expert computer systems that predict where and when contamination is most likely to occur, enabling the farmer to harvest early before significant contamination occurs. Postharvest contamination, which usually occurs during storage, is caused by improper drying or re-wetting of the crop from rain or condensation. Therefore, effective postharvest management technologies involve prevention by proper drying and storage. Other effective postharvest management technologies currently being used are chemical detoxification by the addition of sequestering agents to feed to irreversibly bind the toxin, and the use of size separation followed by electronic color-sorting in the pistachio and peanut industries to remove the contaminated nuts from the rest of the lot. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Cole, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 WEST MAGNOLIA ST SUITE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA BN 1-880293-09-9 PY 1998 BP 189 EP 201 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BN44U UT WOS:000081940900022 ER PT B AU Richard, JL AF Richard, JL BE Miraglia, M VanEgmond, HP Brera, C Gilbert, J TI Mycotoxins, toxicity and metabolism in animals - A systems approach overview SO MYCOTOXINS AND PHYCOTOXINS - DEVELOPMENTS IN CHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Review CT IX International IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins CY MAY 27-31, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, European Commiss, Stand Measurements & Testing Programme, UN, FAO DE fungal toxins; toxicology; mycotoxicoses; animal health; human health ID EXPERIMENTAL T-2 TOXICOSIS; GUINEA-PIGS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BLOOD-COAGULATION; TOXIN; FUMONISINS; ENZYMES; ZEARALENONE; ACTIVATION; ERGOVALINE AB There are numerous ways that the mycotoxins can be categorized, but if one is concerned with the toxicity of the mycotoxins, then a logical choice is to categorize them based on the animal systems affected. Such classification would then lead to those that are hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, etc. There is at least one mycotoxin that affects each system in the animal body as a direct or indirect mechanism of toxicity. Several important mycotoxins affect the same system, for example the immune system. Also, a given mycotoxin may affect several systems concurrently. During the past 30 plus years that mycotoxins have been studied, we have come to more fully understand some of the metabolic attributes influencing toxicity. Until the discovery of the fumonisins, we understood little about sphingolipid metabolism nor did we understand the possible relationship of sphingolipid metabolism to carcinogenesis. The systems approach to categorize the mycotoxins was much simpler when we viewed a mycotoxicosis on a gross scale following rather large dose regimens. This becomes more difficult when we now are more easily assessing subcellular and molecular responses following low dose regimens. The interrelatedness of the systems becomes more obvious with our increased understanding of the mode of action of the mycotoxins and it becomes more difficult to separate, for example, the immune system responses from those of perhaps the endocrine system. In this regard, we are beginning to understand the action of certain mycotoxins in host-parasite interactions in plants and also the involvement of mycotoxins in disease, whether it be plant or animal. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Richard, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 86 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 WEST MAGNOLIA ST SUITE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA BN 1-880293-09-9 PY 1998 BP 363 EP 397 PG 35 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BN44U UT WOS:000081940900040 ER PT J AU Kerr, DE Liang, FX Bondioli, KR Zhao, HP Kreibich, G Wall, RJ Sun, TT AF Kerr, DE Liang, FX Bondioli, KR Zhao, HP Kreibich, G Wall, RJ Sun, TT TI The bladder as a bioreactor: Urothelium production and secretion of growth hormone into urine SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic engineering; transgenic mice; agricultural biotechnology ID ASYMMETRIC UNIT MEMBRANE; TRANSGENIC MICE; UROPLAKIN-I; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; MILK; GENE; EPITHELIUM; PROMOTER AB Uroplakin genes are expressed in a bladder-specific and differentiation-dependent fashion. Using a 3.6-kb promoter of mouse uroplakin II gene, we have generated transgenic mice that express human growth hormone (hGH) in their bladder epithelium, resulting in its secretion into the urine at 100-500 ng/ml. The levels of urine hGH concentration remain constant for longer than 8 months. hGH is present as aggregates mostly in the uroplakin-delivering cytoplasmic vesicles that are targeted to fuse with the apical surface. Using the bladder as a bioreactor offers unique advantages, including the utility of all animals throughout their lives. Using urine, which contains little protein and lipid, as a starting material facilitates recombinant protein purification. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Ronald Perelman Dept Dermatol, Epithelial Biol Unit,Kaplan Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Kaplan Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Kaplan Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Kaplan Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK49469, DK39753] NR 27 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 16 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1038/nbt0198-75 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YP708 UT WOS:000071306000033 PM 9447598 ER PT J AU Ayyagari, PV Gerber, M Joseph, JA Crews, FT AF Ayyagari, PV Gerber, M Joseph, JA Crews, FT TI Uncoupling of muscarinic cholinergic phosphoinositide signals in senescent cerebral cortical and hippocampal membranes SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOLIPASE C-BETA; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; RAT-BRAIN; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; G-PROTEINS; HYDROLYSIS; CARBACHOL; CALCIUM; INOSITOL; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL AB Muscarinic-cholinergic signals in brain are mediated in part through the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides (PtdIns) by phospholipase C (PLC). To test the hypothesis that muscarinic PtdIns signals change during aging, membranes were prepared from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of young (4-6 months old), middle aged (8-10 months old) and senescent (24-26 months old) Fisher 344 rats. Carbachol dose-dependently increased [H-3]-PtdIns hydrolysis in both brain regions in all three age groups, however, in senescent rats the maximal response was decreased to 69.26 +/- 4.33% (p<0.01) in cortex and to 48.29 +/- 2.55% (p<0.01) in hippocampus of young rat values. In contrast to the decrease in carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, calcium-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis was not altered. GTP gamma S also dose-dependently increased [H-3]-PtdIns hydrolysis in membranes from all three age groups through G-protein-PLC activation. Similar to carbachol, GTP gamma S-activated [H-3]-PtdIns hydrolysis was reduced approximately 40% in senescent rats membranes. Muscarinic receptor (mAChR) density, as determined by [H-3]-QNB binding decreased slightly in cortical membranes, but not in hippocampal membranes. These data suggest that muscarinic stimulated [H-3]-PtdIns responses are decreased in senescent brain primarily due to an uncoupling of the receptor-G-protein and/or G-protein-PLC link, although decreases in receptor density may also contribute to reduced muscarinic [H-3]-PtdIns signaling. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Gainesville, FL USA. Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Crews, FT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Alcohol Studies, CB 7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10485] NR 29 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0197-0186 J9 NEUROCHEM INT JI Neurochem. Int. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0197-0186(97)00044-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA YQ826 UT WOS:000071427000016 PM 9460709 ER PT J AU Payton, M Riggs, KM Spiro, A Weiss, ST Hu, H AF Payton, M Riggs, KM Spiro, A Weiss, ST Hu, H TI Relations of bone and blood lead to cognitive function: The VA Normative Aging Study SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; cognition; epidemiology; lead exposure; X-ray fluorescence ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE CERAD; PORT-PIRIE COHORT; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DENTIN LEAD; EXPOSURE; PERFORMANCE; CHILDREN; AGE; WORKERS AB The relationship between performance on cognitive tasks and circulating levels of lead in blood and accumulated levels of lead in bone was examined in 141 middle-aged and elderly men from a longitudinal study of aging. The mean (SD) blood lead level was low [5.5 (3.5) mu g/dl], and mean patella and tibia lead levels were 31.7 (19.2) and 22.5 (12.2) mu g/g bone mineral, respectively. Cognitive tests measured attention, perceptual speed, memory, language, and spatial copying. Regression models, adjusted for age and education, demonstrated that men with higher levels of blood lead recalled and defined fewer words, identified fewer line-drawn objects, and required more time to attain the same level of accuracy on a perceptual comparison test as men with the lowest level of blood lead. Men with higher levels of blood and bone (tibia) lead copied spatial figures less accurately; men with higher levels of bone (tibia) lead had slower responses for pattern memory. These findings suggest that low levels of lead contribute to impairments in cognitive function among elderly men. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Outpatient Clin, Normat Aging Study, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Payton, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab,Dept Med, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Hu, Howard/0000-0002-3676-2707 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL37871]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05257, ES00002] NR 64 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(97)00075-5 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA YZ146 UT WOS:000072224900004 PM 9511166 ER PT J AU Mousseaux, MR Dumroese, RK James, RL Wenny, DL Knudsen, GR AF Mousseaux, MR Dumroese, RK James, RL Wenny, DL Knudsen, GR TI Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum as a biological control of Fusarium oxysporum in container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE seedling growth; seedling infection; germinants; virulence; root disease ID DAMPING-OFF; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; PINE-SEEDLINGS; ROOT-ROT; BIOCONTROL; RHIZOSPHERE AB Inoculating a soilless medium with encapsulated Trichoderma harzianum did not affect any aspect of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Beissn.] France) seed germination or subsequent growth. Results of inoculating medium with a known pathogenic isolate of Fusarium oxysporum alone, or concurrently with T. harzianum, were the same: high levels of damping-off, low amounts of hypocotyl and root disease in midsummer, and significant reductions in height growth. When seedling roots grew through T. harzianum-inoculated medium before growing into a mixture of T. harzianum-F. oxysporum-inoculated medium, mortality was reduced about 50%. Although contamination by resident Fusarium occurred, subsequent root colonization was significantly reduced in T. harzianum-amended growing medium. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Forest Res Nursery, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Coeur DAlene, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Dumroese, RK (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Forest Res Nursery, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1023/A:1006512519895 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZD435 UT WOS:000072685100002 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Chambers, JL Allen, JA AF Krauss, KW Chambers, JL Allen, JA TI Salinity effects and differential germination of several half-sib families of baldcypress from different seed sources SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE salt tolerance; seed polymorphism; wetlands; saltwater intrusion; coastal Louisiana; Taxodium distichum ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM; WETLAND FORESTS; GULF-COAST; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATIONS; SEEDLINGS; RESPONSES; LOUISIANA; SURVIVAL AB Saltwater intrusion is responsible for the destruction of large expanses of baldcypress swamps along the Gulf of Mexico in the southern United States. Recent restoration efforts have focused on the identification, and subsequent planting, of moderately salt-tolerant plant material within these "ghost forests." The long-term persistence of cypress swamps in these areas, however, will ultimately depend on the germination of seeds from the improved parent trees. This study investigates the germination capacity of seeds collected from baldcypress parent trees, located in both freshwater and brackish water environments. Seeds were tested at four different salinity levels under controlled conditions for a period of 65 days. Mean germination under the 0, 2, 4, and 6 g l(-1) seawater treatments was 26.3, 22.9, 15.4, and 10.2%, respectively. Although none of the eight families used in this study had a germination greater than 50%, three families demonstrated superiority in their germination capacity under all four salinity treatments. In general, brackish water seed sources had greater germination success than the two families from freshwater sources. Results indicate that families previously identified as moderately salt-tolerant based on physiological and morphological parameters may be equally successful in seed germination capacity under moderately saline conditions. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl Biol Serv, US Dept Interior, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Hardwoods Lab, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 DI 10.1023/A:1006572609171 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZD435 UT WOS:000072685100005 ER PT J AU Guo, YF Shelton, MG Lockhart, BR AF Guo, YF Shelton, MG Lockhart, BR TI Effects of flood duration and season on germination of black, cherrybark, northern red, and water oak acorns SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE acorns; bottomlands; germination ecology; Quercus; species-site relationships AB Effects of hood duration (0, 10, 20, and 30 days) and season (winter and spring) on acorn germination were tested for two upland oaks [black and northern red oak (Quercus velutina Lam. and e. rubra L.)] and two bottomland oaks [cherrybark and water oak (e. pagoda Raf. and Q. nigra L.)]. Acorns were stratified for 30 days before flooding at a depth of 15 cm along the edge of a small pond, After flooding, acorns were sowed in sand-filled plastic cups and germinated for 40 days. Flood duration and season strongly affected radicle and epicotyl emergence of the upland oaks, but effects were generally limited to spring flooding. Embryo axes of the upland oak acorns were severely damaged with as little as 10 days of spring flooding. Almost no epicotyls developed, but radicles developed from the connective tissues between embryo axes and the cotyledons of many acorns. Spring flooding also significantly increased the percentage of decayed acorns for the upland oaks. In contrast, germination of the bottomland oaks was slightly improved by flooding during both seasons. Results demonstrated that the effects of flooding on the distribution of species within bottomlands can begin with seed storage and germination. C1 Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Guo, YF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM guo@uamont.edu NR 17 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1023/A:1006535619398 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZD435 UT WOS:000072685100006 ER PT J AU Douds, DD Galvez, L Becard, G Kapulnik, Y AF Douds, DD Galvez, L Becard, G Kapulnik, Y TI Regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal development by plant host and fungus species in alfalfa SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE AM fungi; specificity; hypersensitivity-like response ID DNA TRANSFORMED ROOTS; ISOFLAVONOID ACCUMULATION; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; COLONIZATION; SPORULATION; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; SUPPRESSION; HYPHAL AB Two cvs of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Gilboa and Moapa 69, were inoculated in glasshouse pots with three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to investigate the efficacy of mycorrhizas with respect to the extent of colonization and sporulation. Paspalum notatum Flugge also was inoculated to describe fungal parameters on a routine pot culture host. Percentage root length of P. notatum colonized by Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe, Glomus intrardices Schenck & Smith, and Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall increased from 10 to 21 wk, and all fungi sporulated during that period. In alfalfa, only colonization by G. intraradices increased over that time period, and it was the only fungus to sporulate in association with alfalfa at 10 wk. Glomus mosseae did not sporulate after 16-21 wk despite having colonized 30-35% of the root length of both alfalfa cvs. In vitro experiments in which Ri T-DNA-transformed roots of alfalfa were inoculated with AM fungi showed normal mycorrhizal formation by G. intraradices and a hypersensitivity-like response to Gi. margarita. Colonized cells became necrotic, and HPLC analysis indicated increased concentrations of phenolics and isoflavonoids in these root segments. These data strongly support the existence of a degree of specificity between AM fungi and host that might rely on specific biochemical regulatory processes initiated in the host as a result of the attempts at colonization by the fungus. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Mycol Vegetale, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Inst Field & Garden Crops, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Douds, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 138 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YX555 UT WOS:000072052300004 ER PT B AU Roberts, T Buzby, J Lin, J Nunnery, P Mead, P Tarr, PI AF Roberts, T Buzby, J Lin, J Nunnery, P Mead, P Tarr, PI BE Greenwood, B DeCock, K TI Economic aspects of E-coli O157 : H7: disease outcome trees, risk, uncertainty, and the social cost of disease estimates SO NEW & RESURGENT INFECTIONS: PREDICTION, DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TOMORROW'S EPIDEMICS SE LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE & TROPICAL MEDICINE - ANNUAL PUBLIC HEALTH FORM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT London-School-of-Hygiene-and-Tropical-Medicine 7th Annual Public Health Forum CY 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP London Sch Hyg & Trop Med ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; OUTBREAK; DIARRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Roberts, T (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-98174-5 J9 LSHTM PUBL HEAL FOR PY 1998 BP 155 EP 172 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine GA BN33V UT WOS:000081660800015 ER PT S AU Kramer, KJ Hopkins, TL Schaefer, J AF Kramer, KJ Hopkins, TL Schaefer, J BE Stankiewicz, BA VanBergen, PF TI Analysis of intractable biological samples by solids NMR SO NITROGEN-CONTAINING MACROMOLECULES IN THE BIO- AND GEOSPHERE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT 214th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Div Geochem, Air Prod & Chem Inc, Daicel Chem Ind Ltd, Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat Sci & Engn ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ECHO DOUBLE-RESONANCE; BLACK CORAL SKELETON; INSECT CUTICLE; ROTATIONAL-ECHO; STATE C-13; CROSS-LINKS; MAGIC ANGLE; DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM AB Solids NMR is a noninvasive analytical method that can be used to investigate the chemical compositions and covalent interactions that occur in biological samples intractable to conventional analytical approaches. Solids NMR techniques such as cross polarization, dipolar decoupling, magic angle spinning, magnetization dephasing, and isotopic enrichment have been used to obtain high resolution spectra that provided information about the relative concentrations and internuclear distances between atoms in complex biological solids. Levels of proteins, chitin, catechols, lipids, pigments, and other organic constituents in composite materials were estimated. Covalent interactions between specific carbons and nitrogens have been detected by isotopic enrichment with labeled precursor molecules. We have used solids NMR in studies of polymeric and analytically intractable samples such as insect cuticular exoskeletons, egg cases, egg shells, silk cocoons, and marine coral skeletons. Evidence was obtained for stabilization mechanisms occurring primarily when quinones derived from catechol-containing compounds including catecholamines and o-diphenols with acid, aldehyde and alcohol side chains form adducts with functional groups of structural proteins and perhaps chitin Solids NMR can be utilized for probing the compositions and covalent interactions of many other types of biological samples found in the biosphere and geosphere and, when combined with other analytical techniques, provides a powerful approach for elucidating the complex structures of biopolymeric materials. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM kjkramer@ksu.edu NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3582-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1998 VL 707 BP 14 EP 33 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Chemistry; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Agriculture GA BN52B UT WOS:000082109600002 ER PT S AU Reeves, JB Francis, BA AF Reeves, JB Francis, BA BE Stankiewicz, BA VanBergen, PF TI Pyrolysis-gas chromatography for the analysis of proteins: With emphasis on forages SO NITROGEN-CONTAINING MACROMOLECULES IN THE BIO- AND GEOSPHERE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 214th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Geochem ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIGNIN; OXIDATION; SPECTRA; ACIDS AB Pyrolysis-gas chromatography has been shown to be very useful in the analysis of forages, particularly for the lignin and carbohydrate fractions. However, the same efforts have not shown a similar abundance of information on the proteins present, even for forages containing almost 30% protein. Despite the fact that pyrolysis of isolated proteins produces an abundance of information, only small amounts of phenylacetonitrile, indole, methylindole, a methylphenol, dimethyl- or ethylpyrrole, and methanethiol are generally reported for forages. Reexamination of the subject indicates that many more products are produced, but have been missed due to the low levels found, or because many do not contain nitrogen and may have been assumed to originate from other sources, such as lignin. In conclusion, results indicate that more information on proteins is present in pyrograms of forages than has been recognized. C1 USDA ARS, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, BARC E, Bldg 200,Room 124, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3582-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1998 VL 707 BP 47 EP 62 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Chemistry; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Agriculture GA BN52B UT WOS:000082109600004 ER PT B AU Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Sachinvala, N Rigat, R Briggs, R AF Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Sachinvala, N Rigat, R Briggs, R GP TAPPI TI Productivity gains in swab manufacturing SO NONWOVENS CONFERENCE AND TRADE FAIR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 TAPPI Nonwovens Conference and Trade Fair CY MAR 09-11, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP TAPPI AB Swab manufacturing is an ideal end use for cotton in nonwovens. It uses cotton by-product fibers such as low end short virgin fibers, mill wastes, and comber noils that are unacceptable in conventional spinning. Furthermore, the manufacturing process reworks wastes, and recycles the rejected fibers until all fibers are consumed into making swabs. Of the 66.3 million pounds of cotton used annually in nonwovens in the United States, a significant 8.6 million pounds are used in swab production, which in monetary terms generates 1.5 billion dollars. Because of increasing global competition from low-wage labor nations, cost-cutting, and increasing productivity have become perpetual challenges in swab manufacturing in the United States. This paper describes technical details of swab manufacturing, and categorizes causes for the machine down time to increase the machine productivity. The paper discusses the application of the Pareto technique that solved down time and inefficiency problems at a leading U.S. healthcare products manufacturing company resulting in high machine efficiency and high quality swabs. This technique can be used by any manufacturing operation to accomplish ongoing improvements. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA BN 0-89852-711-2 PY 1998 BP 191 EP 209 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK78S UT WOS:000073380400025 ER PT S AU Armstrong, B AF Armstrong, B GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Why is USDA interested in agricultural materials? SO NORTH AMERICAN NONWOOD FIBER SYMPOSIUM, 1998 TAPPI PROCEEDINGS SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Nonwood Fiber Symposium CY FEB 17-18, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Biobased Prod Coordinat Council C1 USDA, Agr Res & Commercializat Corp, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Armstrong, B (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res & Commercializat Corp, Room 0156 S Bldg,14th & Independence SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-725-2 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1998 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Agriculture; Materials Science GA BK61M UT WOS:000072740100002 ER PT S AU Rowell, RM Cook, C AF Rowell, RM Cook, C GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Types and amounts of nonwood fibers available in the US SO NORTH AMERICAN NONWOOD FIBER SYMPOSIUM, 1998 TAPPI PROCEEDINGS SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Nonwood Fiber Symposium CY FEB 17-18, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Biobased Prod Coordinat Council AB Three potential sources of nonwood fibers for paper production are considered: crop residues from point source processing centers, food crop residues, and crops grown for their fiber alone. Use of any of these fiber sources will depend on cost, availability, and suitability. Very approximate estimates of the quantity for each of these sources are presented along with data on cellulose and lignin content and fiber length and width. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, FS, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Rowell, RM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, FS, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-725-2 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1998 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Agriculture; Materials Science GA BK61M UT WOS:000072740100004 ER PT S AU Han, JS AF Han, JS GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Fiber property comparison SO NORTH AMERICAN NONWOOD FIBER SYMPOSIUM, 1998 TAPPI PROCEEDINGS SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Nonwood Fiber Symposium CY FEB 17-18, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Biobased Prod Coordinat Council AB Nonwood or agro-based fibers derived from selected tissues of various monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous plants are compared based on their chemical properties: six sugars, lignin, ash, and silica contents, etc. The physical properties are fiber morphology and crystallinity as they related to the pulp and paper industry. Various common nonwood plants are investigated and comparisons made with wood, specially fibers at different growth stages and different plant heights. Finally, problems associated in applying TAPPI standards toward nonwood plants are discussed. C1 USDA, FS Forest Prod Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Han, JS (reprint author), USDA, FS Forest Prod Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-725-2 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1998 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Agriculture; Materials Science GA BK61M UT WOS:000072740100008 ER PT S AU Ahmed, A Scott, GM Akhtar, M Myers, GC AF Ahmed, A Scott, GM Akhtar, M Myers, GC GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Biokraft pulping of kenaf and its bleachability SO NORTH AMERICAN NONWOOD FIBER SYMPOSIUM, 1998 TAPPI PROCEEDINGS SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Nonwood Fiber Symposium CY FEB 17-18, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Biobased Prod Coordinat Council AB Kenaf is an alternative non-wood source of fiber for various grades of paper. We found kraft pulps of whole kenaf and bast kenaf to be comparable to hardwood kraft and softwood kraft, respectively. Whole kenaf was treated with the white-rot fungi, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Phlebia subserialis and bast kenaf was treated with P. subserialis. The bleachability of the pulp in DED, DEDED and DEDP stages was evaluated. The mechanical properties of fungi treated whole kenaf kraft pulp were similar to those of the controls. The mechanical properties of bast fiber pulp (fungi-treated or control) showed significantly high tear values when compared with whole kenaf. The brightness of biokraft bast fiber was about 8% higher than control for a similar three (DED) or four (DEDP) stage bleaching. The brightness of biokraft pulp of whole kenaf and bast kenaf was in the range of 86 to 88% compared to 78 to 81% for control with similar bleaching treatment. Whole kenaf kraft pulp yield was in the range of 42 to 44% with kappa numbers between 17 to 22, whereas bast kenaf pulp yield was between 50 to 52 with kappa numbers of 12 to 14. That means, kenaf pulp needs substantially less chemicals during bleaching in comparison to softwood kraft pulp. The mechanical properties of kenaf kraft, especially the bast, are close to softwood pulp and far superior to those of hardwood pulp. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-725-2 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1998 BP 231 EP 238 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Agriculture; Materials Science GA BK61M UT WOS:000072740100019 ER PT J AU Spies, TA AF Spies, TA TI Forest structure: A key to the ecosystem SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; OREGON; GAPS; ESTABLISHMENT AB Forest structure is both a product and driver of ecosystem processes and biological diversity. It has become apparent in recent years that changes in forest structure as a result of management for timber production have undesirable consequences for other components of forest ecosystems. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of what we have learned about the ecological roles of forest structure in the Pacific Northwest and how forest structure changes as a result of disturbance and succession. Forests are structurally diverse, but many structures derive from the same processes of disturbance and growth. Consequently. measurements on a few structural attributes can be used to estimate many other structural conditions. Particularly important components of forest structure include live-tree sizes. vertical foliage distributions, horizontal variation in canopy density. and coarse woody debris. Knowledge of the ecological roles of these structures has increased in recent years and we now have a general understanding of how these structures change during succession. Although the ecological values of forest structures are now more widely appreciated. we still have many significant knowledge grips including me ecological roles of belowground structure, woody debris. and landscape pattern. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 35 TC 126 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 31 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 1998 VL 72 SI 2 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 149HJ UT WOS:000077598800010 ER PT J AU Bormann, BT Kramer, MG AF Bormann, BT Kramer, MG TI Can ecosystem-process studies contribute to new management strategies in coastal Pacific Northwest and Alaska? SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORESTS AB The question of whether ecosystem process studies can be made relevant to new, emerging management strategies to achieve ecosystem sustainability on U.S. Federal lands is addressed by examining a small sample of studies underway in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Processes being studied by many researchers-other than those directly associated with habitat creation-appear largely unrelated to policy statements such as the Northwest Forest Plan (ROD 1994). Yet these processes appear to underpin the broader goals of ecosystem sustainability and, fundamentally, the Plan itself. Studies of successional, windthrow, podzolization, and productivity processes in southeast Alaska forests, and studies on the role of early-successional species in changing mineral-soil organic matter in Pacific Northwest forests, are briefly described. Examples are given of how to use information from these studies in management strategies, some of which are being implemented by managers. We conclude that management studies-designed with help from ecosystem-process researchers-are a viable method to link process research with management for ecosystem sustainability. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bormann, BT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 1998 VL 72 SI 2 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 149HJ UT WOS:000077598800023 ER PT J AU Carey, AB AF Carey, AB TI Ecological foundations of biodiversity: Lessons from natural and managed forests of the Pacific northwest SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; SPOTTED OWLS; HABITAT AB Fifteen years of research on old-growth and managed coniferous forests have provided sufficient understanding of biodiversity to suggest a basis for ecosystem management. First, natural old forests have a metaphysics-values associated with their existence and function can never be addressed fully with the scientific method alone; we cannot recreate old growth. Second, five processes underly forest development: crown-class differentiation, decadence, canopy stratification, understory development, and development of habitat breadth. Habitat breadth results from fine-scale spatial heterogeneity that produces structural and compositional diversity-tree species diversity, foliage-height diversity, and variety of recurring vegetation site-types. Third, the processes shape trophic pathways, lead to niche diversification, and help to structure fungal, invertebrate, and vertebrate communities. The contribution of each process to niche diversification differs in strength from its contribution to variance in forest structure and composition. Decadence seems the most fundamental, unpredictable, and intractable of the processes. Theoretically, ecosystem management based on these processes can produce landscapes that provide habitat for wildlife associated with late-seral forests, sustainable production of timber and alternative forest products, ecological services such as carbon assimilation and sequestration, economic activity that sustains rural communities, and win-win solutions with good cultural fit to conflicts over land use. Fourth, substantial uncertainty exists in every aspect of ecosystem management. Thus, achieving diverse benefits from forests requires active, intentional, adaptive ecosystem management. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Carey, AB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 12 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 1998 VL 72 SI 2 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 149HJ UT WOS:000077598800040 ER PT J AU Lee, MF Krasinski, SD AF Lee, MF Krasinski, SD TI Human adult-onset lactase decline: An update SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PHLORHIZIN HYDROLASE PROMOTER; INTESTINAL CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; LACTOSE-HYDROLYZED MILK; PHLORIZIN HYDROLASE; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; MESSENGER-RNA; BONE MASS; INTOLERANCE; GENE; OSTEOPOROSIS AB Human adult-onset lactase decline is a biologic feature characteristic of the maturing intestine in the majority of the world's population. The digestion and absorption of lactose, the major carbohydrate in milk and also the main substrate for lactase, is often variable, a consequence of lactase levels, gastric emptying rate, and colonic salvage. Although commercially available "lactase" products alleviate symptoms in many lactose-intolerant people, a greater understanding of this variability in lactose tolerance could lead to interventions that reduce the rate of gastric emptying and/or increase the proliferation of lactose-metabolizing bacteria in the colon, leading to more efficient lactose utilization. Adult-onset lactase decline appears to be a risk factor for developing osteoporosis, owing to avoidance of dairy products or interference of undigested lactose with calcium absorption. Elderly with both adult-onset lactase decline and atrophic gastritis or those undergoing anti-ulcer treatment may have an increased risk of low calcium absorption owing to the lack of gastric acid that facilitates calcium uptake. Thus, lactose-intolerant elders should monitor their calcium nutrition status carefully. C1 New England Med Ctr Hosp, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Krasinski, SD (reprint author), New England Med Ctr Hosp, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK-32658, P30-DK-34928] NR 102 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 56 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PN 1 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YV745 UT WOS:000071858500001 PM 9481112 ER PT J AU Meydani, M AF Meydani, M TI Nutrition, immune cells, and atherosclerosis SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nutrition and Immunity CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Emory Univ Sch Med, ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, FAO, ILSI Europe, ILSI N Amer, WHO ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMIN INTAKE; HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; FATTY-ACIDS; FISH-OIL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ADHESION MOLECULES; E CONSUMPTION C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 56 IS 1 SU S BP S177 EP S182 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YW310 UT WOS:000071921100025 PM 9481141 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Beharka, AA AF Meydani, SN Beharka, AA TI Recent developments in vitamin E and immune response SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nutrition and Immunity CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Emory Univ Sch Med, ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, FAO, ILSI Europe, ILSI N Amer, WHO ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; E SUPPLEMENTATION; E-DEFICIENCY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CANCER PREVENTION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG09140-05] NR 99 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 56 IS 1 SU S BP S49 EP S58 PN 2 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YW310 UT WOS:000071921100008 PM 9481124 ER PT B AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, B BE Burckhardt, P Heaney, RP DawsonHughes, B TI Calcium and vitamin D nutrition in the elderly SO NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF OSTEOPOROSIS SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis CY MAY 22-24, 1997 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP Serono Symposia SA C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98494-1 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 1998 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BM12G UT WOS:000077683400031 ER PT B AU Urban, JF Mansfield, LS Shea-Donohue, T Gause, WC Finkelman, FD AF Urban, JF Mansfield, LS Shea-Donohue, T Gause, WC Finkelman, FD BE Heidt, PJ Cebra, JC Rusch, V VanderWaaij, D Walker, RI TI Mechanisms of intestinal immunity to nematode parasites and the consequences to invasion by opportunistic bacteria SO OLD HERBORN UNIVERSITY SEMINAR MONOGRAPH, VOL 11: IMMUNOMODULATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA SE OLD HERBORN UNIVERSITY SEMINAR MONOGRAPH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Old-Herborn-University Seminar on Immunomodulation of the Gastrointestinal Mucosa CY OCT 06, 1997 CL HERBORN DILL, GERMANY SP Old Herborn Univ, Inst Microbiol AB Gastrointestinal nematode parasites can evoke dramatic and stereotypical changes in the intestinal milieu of the infected mammalian host. These changes may be inconsequential or result in protective immunity, pathology or an alteration in the immune response to opportunistic organisms that inhabit the intestine. The immune response is driven by the induction of a pattern. of cytokines derived from CD4(+) helper T cells categorised as Th2. These cells, along with other T cell subsets and cells of the innate immune system, are initially stimulated by worm infections to produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-13. These cytokines evoke a type 2 immune response that is defined by an increase in mucosal mast cells, eosinophilia, and reaginic antibodies. There are also structural and physiological changes in the intestine that include increases in the quantity and composition of mucus secretions, a net accumulation of fluids into the lumen, smooth muscle contractility and alterations in lumenal content transit time, as well as changes in epithelial cell function and proliferation. Certain combinations of these effecters can limit parasite development or cure the host of worm infestation. This response can be quite polarised because of the additional feature of counter-regulation of some type 2 cytokines on the type 1 response. Production of IL-4 can limit the expansion of CD4(+) T helper cells of the Th1 type, and IL-10 can down-regulate macrophage activities that are largely responsible for expression of an IFN-gamma-induced type 1 response directed at intracellular microorganisms and for delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. This interplay of cytokines can work in both directions so that intracellular parasites, bacteria and viruses that elicit a strong Th1 response can down regulate a type 2 response primarily through the growth limiting activity of IFN-gamma on Th2 cells. Infections that strongly shift an immune response in one direction or another can predictably result in restricted immune flexibility that can be exploited by opportunistic infections. The current report describes changes in intestinal immunity induced by gastrointestinal nematode parasites and a specific situation where natural infection of pigs with Trichuris suis enhances susceptibility of colonic epithelial cells and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the distal colon to invasion by Campylobacter jejuni. C1 USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Urban, JF (reprint author), USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST MICROECOLOGY & BIOCHEM PI HERBORN-DILL PA KORNMARKT 34, D-6348 HERBORN-DILL, GERMANY BN 3-923022-22-0 J9 OLD HER U M PY 1998 VL 11 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Immunology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Immunology GA BL89U UT WOS:000077065600005 ER PT S AU Dickens, JC Callahan, FE Wergin, WP Murphy, CA Vogt, RG AF Dickens, JC Callahan, FE Wergin, WP Murphy, CA Vogt, RG BE Murphy, C TI Odorant-binding proteins of true bugs - Generic specificity, sexual dimorphism, and association with subsets of chemosensory sensilla SO OLFACTION AND TASTE XII: AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste XII CY JUL 07-12, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Int Commiss Olfact & Taste, NIH, NIA, NIDOCD, NIDR, NICHHD, Natl Sci Fdn, San Diego Univ, Univ California San Diego, Ajinomoto US Inc, Coca Cola Co, Firmenich SA, Glaxo Wellcome Res & Dev Ltd, Int Flavors & Fragrances Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Kirin Brewery Co Ltd, Nutrisweet Kelco C0, Olfactory Res Fund, Pherin Corp, Proctor & Gamble Co, Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Soc Res Umami Taste, Unilever ID ANTENNAL-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS; OLFACTION; MIRIDAE AB Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in insects occur within olfactory sensillia, and are thought to transport chemical stimuli to receptors on dendrites of sensory neurons. Until recently, knowledge of OBPs in insects was limited to moths and Drosophila, We discovered an antennal-specific protein (Lygus [lineolaris] antennal protein, LAP) with a unique N-terminal sequence in the true bug, Lygus lineolaris, We localized LAP to antennae, determined its molecular weight (16 kDa), and showed that while it was expressed in nymphal antennae, its levels dramatically increased in adults concurrent with increases in numbers of olfactory sensilla and electrical responses to odors, In our current study, we used immunological techniques to demonstrate in more detail that LAP occurs only in antennae, and to show its expression within Lygus species. LAP was expressed more in male antennae than in antennae of females for the Lygus species examined. Anti-LAP did not recognize antennal proteins of two other genera of bugs. Immunocytological studies showed LAP primarily within the sensillar lymph of type 1 and type 4 sensilla on antennae, These observations strongly suggest LAP to be an OBP, and our discovery and characterization of OBPs in true bugs provides a third order for use in the study of evolution of OBPs in insects. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Inst Plant Sci, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Bldg 010A,Rm 238, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-139-1 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 855 BP 306 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10587.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BM29Q UT WOS:000078304300046 PM 9929624 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, B TI Vitamin D and calcium: Recommended intake for bone health SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-REPLACEMENT THERAPY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; HIP-FRACTURES; PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ELDERLY WOMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; DENSITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; MEN C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 1998 VL 8 SU 2 BP S30 EP S34 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 220JY UT WOS:000081662900007 PM 10197180 ER PT B AU Morris, CF AF Morris, CF BE Blakeney, AB OBrien, L TI Evaluating the end-use quality of wheat breeding lines for suitability in Asian noodles SO PACIFIC PEOPLE AND THEIR FOOD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pacific Rim Symposium in conjunction with the 48th Australian Cereal Chemistry Conference of the Royal-Australian-Chemical-Institute CY AUG 13-22, 1998 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Australian Chem Inst ID FLOUR SWELLING VOLUME C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2079 USA BN 1-891127-03-9 PY 1998 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BR86F UT WOS:000167857100005 ER PT J AU Lang, RF Piper, GL Coombs, EM AF Lang, RF Piper, GL Coombs, EM TI Establishment and redistribution of Sphenoptera jugoslavica Obenberger (Coleoptera : Buprestidae) for biological control of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lamarck) in the midwestern and western United States SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Insecta; biological control; weed; Sphenoptera; Centaurea ID LAM COMPOSITAE; COL AB Sphenoptera jugoslavica Obenbeger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a root boring beetle imported to the United States as a biological control agent against Centaurea diffusa Lamarck (Asterales: Asteraceae). United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine personnel and research collaborators conducted an intensive collection and redistribution program, releasing this biological control agent in 11 states and 61 counties from 1980 to 1996. Establishment and recovery has been confirmed in 8 states and 48 counties. C1 Montana State Univ, USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lang, RF (reprint author), Montana State Univ, USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine Forestry Sci Lab, POB 170278, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 74 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YY927 UT WOS:000072201900003 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ AF Landolt, PJ TI Lacanobia subjuncta (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on tree fruits in the Pacific Northwest SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Insecta; cutworm; apple; host plant; rearing AB Larvae of the noctuid moth Lacanobia subjuncta (Grote & Robinson) were collected on commercial apple trees, as well as pear and plum trees, in central Washington and north central Oregon, during June to September 1996. Larvae were reared to adult on foliage of the tree species on which they were collected. Adult moths were captured in molasses-baited traps placed in apple orchards, primarily from mid May to early June and again in August 1996 near Yakima, Washington. In the laboratory, L. subjuncta were successfully reared from egg to adult on several herbaceous weed species common in local tree fruit orchards. Multiple generations were successfully reared from egg to adult on apple seedlings grown in a greenhouse. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 74 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YY927 UT WOS:000072201900004 ER PT J AU Chan, KL Turner, CE AF Chan, KL Turner, CE TI Discovery of the gall mite Aceria genistae (Nalepa) (Acarina : Eriophyidae) on gorse and French broom in the United States SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chan, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 74 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YY927 UT WOS:000072201900007 ER PT J AU Gamble, HR Murrell, KD AF Gamble, HR Murrell, KD TI Detection of parasites in food SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE parasites; zoonoses; foodborne diseases ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TAENIA-SAGINATA CYSTICERCOSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EXCRETORY-SECRETORY ANTIGEN; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS INFECTIONS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; SWINE TRICHINOSIS; RECOMBINANT ANTIGENS AB The importance of foodborne parasitic zoonoses remains high in many regions of the world. Although control efforts have been exerted for quite some time, overall progress has not been satisfactory, even in many well developed countries. An important drawback in control programmes for parasites such as Trichinella, Toxoplasma and Taenia has been the absence of rapid, accurate and sensitive diagnostic tests for these meatborne parasites. However, the rapid advances in the molecular biology of these organisms has yielded concomitant gains in precision of detection. This review highlights these advances and their impact or potential application to the control of foodborne parasites. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Murrell, KD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 149 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PY 1998 VL 117 SU S BP S97 EP S111 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 268AR UT WOS:000084391900008 PM 10660935 ER PT J AU Speer, CA Dubey, JP AF Speer, CA Dubey, JP TI Ultrastructure of early stages of infections in mice fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; ultrastructure; mice; oocysts; sporozoites; tachyzoites ID PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE; HOST-CELL; SPOROZOITES; TRANSPORT; SECRETION; INVASION; CHICKEN; ANTIGEN AB Transmission electron microscopy was used to study Toxoplasma gondii infections in the small intestines of Swiss-Webster mice at 2-48 h post-feeding of oocysts (p.f.). Sporozoites passed through intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes and goblet cells) and infected all cells except red blood cells in the lamina propria. Parasites in intestinal epithelial cells or in cells in the lamina propria were located within a single type of parasitophorous vacuole, which contained exocytosed electron-dense material and well-developed tubulovesicular membranous networks. Sporozoites did not infect intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), but at 48 h p.f. IELs had become infected with tachyzoites arising from those that had developed in the lamina propria. At 48 h p.f., the lamina propria contained numerous tachyzoites, much cellular debris, and few intact cells. The intestinal epithelium exhibited limited cytopathological changes except for villar fusion, slight vacuolation, and cell separation at the bases of enterocytes. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Vet Mol Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JAN PY 1998 VL 116 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1017/S0031182097001959 PN 1 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YV925 UT WOS:000071878200005 PM 9481772 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Re-examination of resistance of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites to pepsin and trypsin digestion SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; tachyzoites; bradyzoites; trypsin; pepsin; resistance ID CELL-CULTURE; MICE; OOCYSTS; CYSTS; PATHOGENICITY; GOAT; CATS; MILK AB The effect of digestion in trypsin and acid pepsin on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites was re-evaluated because of recent use of this method to distinguish tachyzoites from bradyzoites. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites survived better in 0.5% trypsin solution for 1 h than in 1.0% solution, and occasionally survived for 2 h in acid pepsin solution. Extracellular tachyzoites (greater than or equal to 1000) were also infectious orally to mice and cats. Bradyzoites survived equally in trypsin and acid pepsin solutions but the digestion of brain tissue in 0.5% trypsin solution was better than in acid pepsin solution. The resistance to digestion in acid pepsin solution is not a reliable method to distinguish tachyzoites from bradyzoites. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JAN PY 1998 VL 116 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1017/S0031182097001935 PN 1 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YV925 UT WOS:000071878200006 PM 9481773 ER PT J AU Romand, S Thulliez, P Dubey, JP AF Romand, S Thulliez, P Dubey, JP TI Direct agglutination test for serologic diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; DOGS; CALIFORNIA; ABORTION; MICE AB A direct agglutination test was evaluated for the detection and quantitation of IgG antibodies to Neospora caninum in both experimental and natural infections in various animal species. As compared with results obtained by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the direct agglutination test appeared reliable for the serologic diagnosis of neosporosis in a variety of animal species. The direct agglutination test should provide easily available and inexpensive tools for serologic testing for antibodies to N. caninum in many host species. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INST PUERICULTURE,LAB TOXOPLASMOSE,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. NR 14 TC 133 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 84 IS 1 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YK535 UT WOS:A1998YK53500009 PM 9491426 ER PT J AU Klish, WJ Baker, SS Cochran, WJ Flores, CA Georgieff, MK Jacobson, MS Lake, A Blum, D Harris, SS Hubbard, VS Levin, E Prendergast, A Smith, AE Yetley, E Lauer, RM AF Klish, WJ Baker, SS Cochran, WJ Flores, CA Georgieff, MK Jacobson, MS Lake, A Blum, D Harris, SS Hubbard, VS Levin, E Prendergast, A Smith, AE Yetley, E Lauer, RM TI Cholesterol in childhood SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS REGRESSION; ADULT HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MACACA-MULATTA; CHILDREN; MUSCATINE; TRACKING; LIPIDS AB This updated statement reviews the scientific justification for the recommendations of dietary changes in all healthy children (a population approach) and a strategy to identify and treat children who are at highest risk for the development of accelerated atherosclerosis in early adult life (an individualized approach). Although the precise fraction of risk for future coronary heart disease conveyed by elevated cholesterol levels in childhood is unknown, clear epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates that the risk is significant. Diet changes that lower fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake in children and adolescents can be applied safely and acceptably, resulting in improved plasma lipid profiles that, if carried into adult life, have the potential to reduce atherosclerotic vascular disease. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Int Life Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. Amer Dietet Assoc, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 52 TC 201 Z9 218 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP941 UT WOS:000071331400040 ER PT J AU Klish, WJ Baker, SS Cochran, WJ Flores, CA Georgieff, MK Jacobson, MS Lake, AM Blum, D Harris, SS Hubbard, VS Levin, E Prendergast, A Smith, AE Yetley, E Zlotkin, S Lauer, RM AF Klish, WJ Baker, SS Cochran, WJ Flores, CA Georgieff, MK Jacobson, MS Lake, AM Blum, D Harris, SS Hubbard, VS Levin, E Prendergast, A Smith, AE Yetley, E Zlotkin, S Lauer, RM TI Soy protein-based formulas: Recommendations for use in infant feeding SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID FED HUMAN-MILK; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; BREAST-FED INFANTS; SMALL BOWEL MUCOSA; COWS MILK; TERM INFANTS; BONE MINERALIZATION; ATOPIC DISEASE; FOOD ALLERGY; ALUMINUM CONTAMINATION AB The American Academy of pediatrics is committed to the use of maternal breast milk as the ideal source of nutrition for infant feeding. Even so, by 2 months of age, most infants in North America are formula-fed. Despite limited indications, the use of soy protein-based formula has nearly doubled during the past decade to achieve 25% of the market in the United States. Because an infant formula provides the largest, if not sole, source of nutrition for an extended interval, the nutritional adequacy of the formula must be confirmed and the indications for its use well understood. This statement updates the 1983 Committee on Nutrition review(1) and contains some important recommendations on the appropriate use of soy protein-based formulas. C1 USDA, Washington, DC USA. Int Life Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. Amer Dietet Assoc, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 96 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 BP 148 EP 153 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP941 UT WOS:000071331400041 ER PT J AU Predel, R Rapus, J Eckert, M Holman, GM Nachman, RJ Wang, YJ Penzlin, H AF Predel, R Rapus, J Eckert, M Holman, GM Nachman, RJ Wang, YJ Penzlin, H TI Isolation of periviscerokinin-2 from the abdominal perisympathetic organs of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Periplaneta americana; insect; neuropeptide; myotropin; neurohemal organs; immunohistochemistry ID CORPORA-CARDIACA; PEPTIDE; NEUROPEPTIDE; ANALOG AB Using the isolated hyperneural muscle as bioassay, a novel myotropin was isolated from the abdominal perisympathetic organs of Periplaneta americana. This is the second neuropeptide identified from insect perisympathetic organs. Peptide sequence analysis and mass spectrometry yielded the following structure: Gly-Ser-Ser-Ser-Gly-Leu-Ile-Ser-Met-Pro-Arg-Val-NH2. This peptide, named periviscerokinin-2, was confirmed to be amidated by chemical synthesis, bioassay, and comparison of retention times between native and synthetic peptides. A highly specific antiserum was used to determine sites of synthesis in the abdominal ganglia. Besides periviscerokinin-1, periviscerokinin-2 is the only putative myotropic neurohormone from the abdominal perisympathetic organs that is effective in the nanomolar range. This confirms the hypothesis that the neurohormonal system of the ventral nerve cord is remarkably different from that of the brain. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Jena, Inst Allgemeine Zool & Tierphysiol, D-07743 Jena, Germany. ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Biosci & Technol, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Predel, R (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Allgemeine Zool & Tierphysiol, Erbertstr 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM b6prre@pan.zoo.uni-jena.de RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 EI 1873-5169 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PY 1998 VL 19 IS 5 BP 801 EP 809 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(98)00019-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZV865 UT WOS:000074349500002 PM 9663444 ER PT B AU Schauff, ME LaSalle, J AF Schauff, ME LaSalle, J BE Zalucki, MP Drew, R White, GG TI Symposium 4 - Morphological and Molecular Systematics: Complementary Approaches for Pest Management - The relevance of systematics to biological control: protecting the investment in research SO PEST MANAGEMENT - FUTURE CHALLENGES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Australisian Applied Entomological Research Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1998 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP CRC Trop Pest Management, Horticultural Res & Dev Corporat, Grains Res & Dev Corporat, Dow AgrSci, Cooperat Res Ctr Weed Management, Novaris Crop Protect, Monsanto Australia Ltd, Sugar Res & Dev Corporat, Cotton Res & Dev Corporat, Rhone Poulenc Rural Australia Pty Ltd, Cropcare Australasia Pty Ltd, CRC Sustain Cotton Product, Bugs Bugs, Carfax Publishing, Abbott Australasia Pty Ltd, Cyanamid Australasia Pty Ltd, DA Informat Serv, Harcourt Brace, Dunluce Int Pty Ltd, INTERCEPT Ltd HO UNIV QUEENSLAND ID HYMENOPTERA; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; COLEOPTERA; MARKERS; PROGRAM; ORIGIN; WEEVIL AB Systematic input is of vital importance to biological control and impacts everything from determining the home range of the pest to the ability to acquire permits for release of beneficials. Lack of taxonomic information has historically been one of the biggest stumbling blocks in biocontrol implementation resulting in delays, diminished success, wasted resources and outright failure of programs. Systematics can directly address two kinds of errors commonly encountered: 1) failure by not being able to do what you want to do; and 2) wasting resources by doing what you don't want to be doing. To protect research investment and maximise the dollar return of money spent on biological control, it is essential that systematics be included early in project planning and that cooperation and communication between systematists and field workers be ongoing through all phases of the program. Previous failures for proper integration of systematics and biological control are due to shortcomings, miscommunication and misperceptions of both systematists and practitioners in several ways. To correct this problem, we explore the root causes and suggest practical solutions. New technological advances in electronic publishing and information dissemination, expert systems and interactive keys, and molecular techniques are enabling systematists to respond better and more rapidly to the needs of biocontrol workers. C1 USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Schauff, ME (reprint author), USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Syst Entomol Lab, NHB 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI La Salle, John/B-9544-2008 OI La Salle, John/0000-0002-8816-9569 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV QUEENSLAND, DEPT HOSP TOURISM PROP MANAGEMENT LAWES PI ST LUCIA PA P.O. BOX 21, ST LUCIA, QLD 4072, AUSTRALIA BN 1-8649-9051-1 PY 1998 BP 425 EP 436 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BU39J UT WOS:000175882700052 ER PT B AU Hopper, KR AF Hopper, KR BE Zalucki, MP Drew, R White, GG TI Is classical biological control safe - Or much ado about nothing? Assessing and improving the safety of introductions for biological control SO PEST MANAGEMENT - FUTURE CHALLENGES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Australisian Applied Entomological Research Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1998 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP CRC Trop Pest Management, Horticultural Res & Dev Corporat, Grains Res & Dev Corporat, Dow AgrSci, Cooperat Res Ctr Weed Management, Novaris Crop Protect, Monsanto Australia Ltd, Sugar Res & Dev Corporat, Cotton Res & Dev Corporat, Rhone Poulenc Rural Australia Pty Ltd, Cropcare Australasia Pty Ltd, CRC Sustain Cotton Product, Bugs Bugs, Carfax Publishing, Abbott Australasia Pty Ltd, Cyanamid Australasia Pty Ltd, DA Informat Serv, Harcourt Brace, Dunluce Int Pty Ltd, INTERCEPT Ltd HO UNIV QUEENSLAND ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; NATURAL ENEMIES; GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; PARASITOIDS; COLEOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; FRANCE; WEEDS AB Introduced natural enemies may have direct and indirect effects on non-target species. Methods for evaluating impacts on non-target species are available from literature on evaluating effects on target species, although these are most apt for measuring direct impacts. Despite the availability of methods, there are essentially no solid data concerning impacts on non-target species of arthropods introduced for biological control, even though there is a long history of concerns and current controversy about the risk of such impacts. Lack of evidence concerning non-target impacts reflects in part lack of research, but it also suggests that non-target impacts of biological control are much less than from other human activities. More effective quarantine of unwanted species, better screening of intentional introductions of horticultural species, and improved alternative pest management strategies should reduce the need for introductions. Improved efficacy for each introduction should reduce the number of introductions needed. Improved screening of host, habitat, phenology and climate ranges, together with better understanding of their evolution and more information on dynamics of non-target species, should reduce risk per introduction. Critics and practitioners of biological control introductions should work together to generate the knowledge needed for analysis of the risks and benefits. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Hopper, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV QUEENSLAND, DEPT HOSP TOURISM PROP MANAGEMENT LAWES PI ST LUCIA PA P.O. BOX 21, ST LUCIA, QLD 4072, AUSTRALIA BN 1-8649-9051-1 PY 1998 BP 501 EP 510 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BU39J UT WOS:000175882700061 ER PT B AU Huber, SC Toroser, D Winter, H Athwal, GS Huber, JL AF Huber, SC Toroser, D Winter, H Athwal, GS Huber, JL BE Garab, G TI Regulation of plant metabolism by protein phosphorylation. Possible regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase by 14-3-3 proteins. SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS: MECHANISMS AND EFFECTS, VOLS I-V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Congress on Photosynthesis - Mechanisms and Effects CY AUG 17-22, 1998 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE C-metabolism; enzymes; N-metabolism; phosphorylation/dephosphorylation; protein kinase; sucrose ID NITRATE REDUCTASE; SPINACH LEAVES; IDENTIFICATION; MECHANISM; SITE C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5547-4 PY 1998 BP 3505 EP 3510 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA BP68A UT WOS:000085848500818 ER PT B AU Tucker, DE Ort, DR AF Tucker, DE Ort, DR BE Garab, G TI The circadian rhythm in the expression of nitrate reductase in tomato is driven by changes in protein level and not by protein phosphorylation SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS: MECHANISMS AND EFFECTS, VOLS I-V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Congress on Photosynthesis - Mechanisms and Effects CY AUG 17-22, 1998 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE chilling; gene regulation; N metabolism; temperature stresses; phosphorylation/dephosphorylation; regulatory processes ID PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; INHIBITOR PROTEIN; RAPID MODULATION; OLERACEA LEAVES; HINGE-1 REGION; NR-PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INACTIVATION; ARABIDOPSIS C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tucker, DE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5547-4 PY 1998 BP 3749 EP 3754 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA BP68A UT WOS:000085848500874 ER PT B AU Sicher, RC Bunce, JA AF Sicher, RC Bunce, JA BE Garab, G TI Protein adjustments of wheat flag leaves in response to atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment. SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS: MECHANISMS AND EFFECTS, VOLS I-V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Congress on Photosynthesis - Mechanisms and Effects CY AUG 17-22, 1998 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE acclimation; Rubisco; Chl; senescence; down regulation; elevated CO2 ID CO2; ACCLIMATION; GROWTH C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sicher, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Bldg 046-A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5547-4 PY 1998 BP 4027 EP 4030 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA BP68A UT WOS:000085848500933 ER PT J AU Pan, X Hesketh, JD Huck, MG Alm, DM AF Pan, X Hesketh, JD Huck, MG Alm, DM TI A data base for scaling up from the leaf to the canopy SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; internode; leaf area index; node number; plant height; stem; Zea mays AB A data base was generated for quantifying effects of thermal time (degree-days) on the appearance of new leaves, the expansion of such leaves to maximum area, their death, the appearance of new internodes below the node associated with such leaves, and the extension of these internodes to maximum length. The data base for a list of crop (agronomic and horticultural), weed, and native Tallgrass Prairie plants has been summarized, with equations for the above events as a function of degree days, with appropriate base temperatures and maximum cut-off temperatures, in a Java applet which is available at a website with the URL . Associated graphical plots such as shown in this paper are also given. Branching behavior was accounted for. These events predict the effect of thermal time on leaf age and its height in the plant canopy, both important factors needed for upscaling functions for leaf behavior to those for behavior of the plant canopy. The data base is evolving to include coefficients for other species. Coefficients are used to predict the leaf area index of the canopy, which is important for predicting evapotranspiration from the crop and the protection of the soil from erosion. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Huck, MG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, 190 EMRL,1201 W Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6 CS-160 00, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1006999915626 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 100AT UT WOS:000074792300002 ER PT J AU Malinowski, DP Belesky, DP Fedders, J AF Malinowski, DP Belesky, DP Fedders, J TI Photosynthesis of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasms with contrasting leaf size SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article DE cultivar; dry matter production; irradiance; leaf development; nitrogen; nonstructural saccharides; starch; stolons ID CUTTING REGIMES; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; LEAVES; PLANTS; PHOTOPERIOD; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; NITROGEN; SWARDS AB In a growth chamber experiment, we determined net photosynthetic rate (P-N) and leaf developmental characteristics of cultivars of a relatively small-, intermediate-, and a large-leaf genotype grown under irradiance of 450-500 mu mol(photon) m(-2) s(-1) (HI), shade [140-160 mu mol(photon) m(-2) s(-1)] (LI), and after a shade-to-irradiation (LI -->HI) transfer. Differences in physiological responses of the genotypes were more pronounced in HI and LI-->HI plants than in LI plants. The small- and intermediate-leaf sizes had greater P-N in the first measured leaf than the large-leaf type by 70 and 63 % in HI plants, and by 23 and 18 % in LI-->HI plants, respectively. Similar relationships were observed in the next developed leaf. The LI plants did not differ significantly in P-N Greater P-N in the small- and intermediate-leaf size genotypes were not associated with greater total dry matter of the plant. Under irradiation, the large-leaf genotype accumulated more total nonstructural saccharides (TNS) and starch than the small- or intermediate-leaf size plants. TNS and starch concentrations in LI plants were about one-half those of HI and LI-->HI plants. These results should help to develop management practices that capitalize upon the competitive features of white clover in mixed-species swards. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, POB 400, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6 CS-160 00, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1023/A:1006920520169 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 100AT UT WOS:000074792300012 ER PT J AU Serraj, R Shelp, BJ Sinclair, TR AF Serraj, R Shelp, BJ Sinclair, TR TI Accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in nodulated soybean in response to drought stress SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE gamma-aminobutyric acid; drought stress; glutamate decarboxylase; Glycine max; soybean ID ISOLATED MESOPHYLL-CELLS; WATER-STRESS; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; AMINO-ACIDS; GLUTAMATE-DECARBOXYLASE; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; ROOT-NODULES; PLANT-CELLS; METABOLISM; PH AB Nitrogen fixation and nodule permeability to O-2 diffusion are decreased by drought stress. Since gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis is rapidly stimulated by a variety of stress conditions including hypoxia, it was hypothesized that decreased O-2 availability in nodules stimulates glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity (EC 4.1.1.15), thereby resulting in GABA accumulation. First, the amino acid composition of xylem sap was determined in plants subjected to soil water deficits. While the xylem sap concentration of several amino acids increased when the plant was subjected to a water deficit, the greatest increase was in GABA. GABA accumulation was examined in response to stress induced by hypoxia or the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the nutrient solution. The exposure of soybean nodules to hypoxia for 6 h enhanced the GABA concentration by 6-fold, but there was no change in GABA concentration in response to the PEG treatment. No major changes in the in vitro GAD activity were measured in nodule cytosol or bacteroids. The present data do not support the hypothesis that decreased nodule O-2 permeability and a resulting O-2 deprivation inside nodules may stimulate in vitro GAD activity and thus GABA accumulation. However, the data could indicate a possible effect of hypoxia and drought stress on the in vivo activity of GAD. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Biol, Lab Physiol Vegetale, Marrakech, Morocco. Univ Guelph, Dept Hort Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, IFAS Bldg 350,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 34 TC 47 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 16 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 102 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1020111.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZC003 UT WOS:000072529800011 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Powell, MJ Agnew, J Young, DH AF Moreau, RA Powell, MJ Agnew, J Young, DH TI Chlorophyll-derived porphyrins co-chromatograph with phospholipids in high performance liquid chromatographic separations of plant lipid classes SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE high performance liquid chromatography; phospholipids; chlorophyll; chlorophyllide AB Total lipid extracts were prepared from the leaves of potatoes, tomatoes, grapes and spinach, and each was analyzed by normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), When these total lipid extracts were subjected to mild alkaline hydrolysis and the hydrolysates analyzed by normal-phase HPLC, distinct peaks were detected in the region where common phospholipids typically elute (i.e. at 48, 50, and 68 min), The ultra violet-visible spectra of these peak fractions revealed that each exhibited absorption maxima at 400 and 660 nm, suggesting that the peaks were porphyrins, most likely derived from chlorophylls, Mild alkaline hydrolysis apparently cleaved the ester bond of the chlorophylls and released the porphyrin and phytol components, This explanation was verified when commercially prepared chlorophylls a and b were subjected to the same alkaline hydrolysis conditions and identical peaks at 48 and 68 min were observed, Experiments with buffered (pH 6.0) aqueous homogenates of potato and tomato revealed that similar chlorophyll-derived porphyrins were generated by endogenous enzymes, With the increasing popularity of HPLC as a tool for plant lipid analysis, users of this methodology should be cautioned as to the occurence of these non-phospholipid peaks in the retention time region where phospholipids commonly elute. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Rohm & Haas Co, Res Labs, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199801/02)9:1<1::AID-PCA383>3.0.CO;2-P PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA YW030 UT WOS:000071888600001 ER PT S AU McCormick, SP Hohn, TM Desjardins, AE Proctor, RH Alexander, NJ AF McCormick, SP Hohn, TM Desjardins, AE Proctor, RH Alexander, NJ BE Romeo, JT Downum, KR Verpoorte, R TI Role of toxins in plant microbial interactions SO PHYTOCHEMICAL SIGNALS AND PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS SE RECENT ADVANCES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Phytochemical-Society-of-North-America / Phytochemical-Society-of-Europe CY APR 20-23, 1997 CL NOORDWIJKERHOUT, NETHERLANDS SP Phytochem Soc N Amer, Phytochem S Europe C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP McCormick, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0079-9920 BN 0-306-45917-5 J9 RECENT ADV PHYTOCHEM PY 1998 VL 32 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA BL44K UT WOS:000075541900002 ER PT J AU Weissenberg, M Levy, A Svoboda, JA Ishaaya, I AF Weissenberg, M Levy, A Svoboda, JA Ishaaya, I TI The effect of some Solanum steroidal alkaloids and glycoalkaloids on larvae of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, and the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Solanum spp.; Solanaceae; secondary plant compounds; spirosolane and spirostan derivatives; steroidal glycoalkaloids; solamargine; solasonine; tomatine; aglycones; solasodine; tomatidenol; tomatidine; diosgenin; cholesteryl tomatide; larval growth inhibition; red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum; tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta ID SOLAMARGINE; CHOLESTEROL; SOLASODINE; SOLASONINE; GROWTH; INHIBITION; CONVERSION; METABOLISM; STEROLS AB Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of a series of secondary plant compounds including steroidal alkaloids and glycoalkaloids on larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was investigated. Larval growth was inhibited on artificial diets containing 1 mu mol g(-1) diet of the glycoalkaloids solamargine, solasonine and tomatine, whereas the corresponding aglycones solasodine and tomatidine, and also tomatidenol, were inactive. The inhibitory effect of solamargine and tomatine, but not of solasonine, was completely abolished by addition of 1 mu mol g(-1) diet cholesterol and/or sitosterol. Nonetheless, synthetic cholesteryl tomatide displayed significant activity at 2 mu mol g(-1) diet. Parallel studies with the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, showed marked inhibitory activity of tomatine at a dietary concentration of 1 mu mol g(-1), whereas the other compounds did not affect sterol metabolism or larval development. An appraisal of the factors influencing the mode of action of the active steroidal glycoalkaloids is attempted. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Nat Prod Chem Lab, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Genet, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Weissenberg, M (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Nat Prod Chem Lab, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 43 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JAN PY 1998 VL 47 IS 2 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00565-7 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA YN512 UT WOS:000071176000007 PM 9431673 ER PT J AU Mayer, MS Mitchell, ER AF Mayer, MS Mitchell, ER TI Rapid measure of sex pheromone emission from plastic rope dispensers: Example of utility in sexual communication disruption of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE sex pheromones, components, emission, half-life, rope dispensers; Plutella xylostella; diamondback moth; models; measurement techniques ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI HUBNER; RELEASE RATES; LEPIDOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; BLEND AB An easy and reliable method to measure the emissions from plastic dispensers, which is adaptable to other dispensers and substrates, is reported. A small bed of the adsorbent Super-Q7 (R) was found to adsorb large quantities of all of the sex pheromone components tested and, concomitantly, to enable enough air flow to approximate air speeds over the dispensers that may be encountered in nature. Some of the advantages of this method over others are its ease of use and accuracy and the direct measures of emissions. E.g. measurements showed that Z11-16:Al, one of the constituents of a rope lot, was emitted at a rate inconsistent with evaporative processes; rather, it was indicative of degradation processes. Brief reference is made of the utility of the timely measurements of emission rates in field experiments to control the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in commercially grown cabbage in 1996. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Mayer, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PY 1998 VL 26 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1007/BF02980678 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZK253 UT WOS:000073300700004 ER PT J AU Cook, RJ Katan, J Chet, I AF Cook, RJ Katan, J Chet, I TI Abstracts of papers presented at an International Workshop on Management of Soilborne Pathogens - Sponsored by the United States Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) March 1-5, 1998, Ramat Rachel, Jerusalem, Israel - Summary and Recommendations SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Cook, RJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PY 1998 VL 26 IS 3 BP 241 EP 267 DI 10.1007/BF02981439 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 102XJ UT WOS:000074951200007 ER PT J AU Kistler, HC Alabouvette, C Baayen, RP Bentley, S Brayford, D Coddington, A Correll, J Daboussi, MJ Elias, K Fernandez, D Gordon, TR Katan, T Kim, HG Leslie, JF Martyn, RD Migheli, Q Moore, NY O'Donnell, K Ploetz, RC Rutherford, MA Summerell, B Waalwijk, C Woo, S AF Kistler, HC Alabouvette, C Baayen, RP Bentley, S Brayford, D Coddington, A Correll, J Daboussi, MJ Elias, K Fernandez, D Gordon, TR Katan, T Kim, HG Leslie, JF Martyn, RD Migheli, Q Moore, NY O'Donnell, K Ploetz, RC Rutherford, MA Summerell, B Waalwijk, C Woo, S TI Systematic numbering of vegetative compatibility groups in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID F SP MELONIS; RACES; VIRULENCE; CLASSIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; LYCOPERSICI; STRAINS; DISEASE; ISRAEL; PISI C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. INRA, Lab Rech Flore Pathogene Sol, F-21034 Dijon, France. DLO, Res Inst Plant Protect, NL-6700 GW Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Queensland, CRC Trop Plant Pathol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Int Mycol Inst, Surrey TW20 9TY, England. Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Paris Sud, Inst Genet & Microbiol, F-91405 Orsay, France. USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ORSTOM, Phytopathol Lab, F-34032 Montpellier 1, France. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Valorizzaz & Protez Risorse Agrofore, I-10095 Turin, Italy. Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Ctr Sci, Plant Protect Unit, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Royal Bot Gardens, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. Ist Patol Vegetale, I-80055 Naples, Italy. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Summerell, Brett/B-4934-2010; FERNANDEZ, DIANA/F-4402-2012; Migheli, Quirico/B-7203-2009 OI FERNANDEZ, DIANA/0000-0003-1432-3129; Migheli, Quirico/0000-0002-2459-5833 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1998 VL 88 IS 1 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.1.30 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YP080 UT WOS:000071239200004 PM 18944995 ER PT J AU Newton, MR Kinkel, LL Leonard, KJ AF Newton, MR Kinkel, LL Leonard, KJ TI Determinants of density- and frequency-dependent fitness in competing plant pathogens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition model and effects; foliar fungi; infection and sporulation life cycle stages; reproductive versus interactive traits; r and K selection ID RUST; ANTAGONISM; SELECTION; GROWTH; LEAVES AB Using mathematical models, we investigated how infection and sporulation characteristics of competing plant pathogens determine the density and frequency dependence of relative fitness. Two models, one for the infection stage and one for the sporulation stage of a pathogen's life cycle, describe reproductive output of pathogen strains in mixture as a function of the strains' population densities. Model parameters include infection and sporulation efficiencies, carrying capacities on leaves for sporulating lesions and spore production, and coefficients of interstrain competitive effects in both life cycle stages. Although the models were originally developed for rust fungi, they are generally applicable to any organism with distinct colonization (e.g., infection) and propagative (e.g., sporulation) life cycle stages. In this work, paired hypothetical strains were assigned equal baseline parameter values. Parameters were then altered one at a time for one or both strains, and relative fitness was calculated over a range of densities and strain frequencies. Except for infection efficiency, the fitness benefit conferred by an advantage in a single parameter was always density dependent. Relative fitness was frequency dependent whenever inter-and intrastrain competitive effects were not equal. These results suggest that the fitness of pathogens in nature is rarely fixed, but, rather, may typically be highly dependent on the densities and frequencies of all coexisting strains in a habitat. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Ceral Rust Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Newton, MR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1998 VL 88 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.1.45 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YP080 UT WOS:000071239200007 PM 18944998 ER PT J AU Hopper, KR AF Hopper, KR TI Assessing and improving the safety of introductions for biological control SO PHYTOPROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OECD Workshop on Sustainable Pest Management Safe Utilization of New Organisms in Biological Control CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP OECD ID NATURAL ENEMIES; GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PARASITOIDS; ACRIDIDAE; WEEDS AB Introduced natural enemies may have direct and indirect effects on non-target species. Methods for evaluating impacts on non-target species are available from literature on evaluating effects on target species, although these are most apt for measuring direct impacts. Despite the availability of methods, there are essentially no solid data concerning impacts on non-target species of arthropods introduced for biological control, even though there is a long history of concerns and current controversy about the risk of such impacts. Lack of evidence concerning nontarget impacts reflects in part lack of research, but it also suggests that nontarget impacts of biological control are much less than from other human activities. More effective quarantine of unwanted species, better screening of intentional introductions of horticultural species, and improved alternative pest management strategies should reduce the need for introductions. Improved efficacy for each introduction should reduce the number of introductions needed. Improved screening of host, habitat, phenology and climate ranges, together with better understanding of their evolution and more information on dynamics of non-target species, should reduce risk per introduction. Critics and practitioners of biological control introductions should work together to generate the knowledge needed for analysis of the risks and benefits. C1 Agr Res Serv, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Appl Ecol, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Hopper, KR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU QUEBEC SOC PROTECT PLANTS PI QUEBEC PA PHYTOPROTECTION, 2700 EINSTEIN R HOGUE # D 1 110, QUEBEC, QC G1P 3W8, CANADA SN 0031-9511 J9 PHYTOPROTECTION JI Phytoprotection PY 1998 VL 79 SU S BP 84 EP 93 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192PA UT WOS:000080086500018 ER PT B AU Webber, CL Bishop, RB AF Webber, CL Bishop, RB BE Peters, LS TI Management issues for the production, harvesting, and processing of kenaf SO PIONEERING NEW TECHNOLOGIES: MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pioneering New Technologies: Management Issues and Challenges in the 3rd Millennium CY OCT 11-13, 1998 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE, Engn Management Soc C1 ARS, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Webber, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5082-0 PY 1998 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1109/IEMC.1998.727814 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL75T UT WOS:000076614200087 ER PT J AU Malinowski, DP Belesky, DP Hill, NS Baligar, VC Fedders, JM AF Malinowski, DP Belesky, DP Hill, NS Baligar, VC Fedders, JM TI Influence of phosphorus on the growth and ergot alkaloid content of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE acid soils; endophyte; ergot alkaloids; Festuca arundinacea; Neotyphodium coenophialum; phosphorus; tall fescue ID ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; LOLIUM-PERENNE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; GRASSES; WATER; ERGOVALINE; GENOTYPES; RYEGRASS; GRANULES AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants infected by the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones & Gams) (Glenn et al., 1996) often perform better than noninfected plants, especially in marginal resource environments. There is a lack of information about endophyte related effects on the rhizosphere of grasses. In a greenhouse experiment, four endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue clones (DN2, DN4, DN7, DN11) and their endophyte-free (E-) forms were grown in limed (pH 6.3) Porter soil (low fertility, acidic, high aluminum and low phosphorus content, coarse-loamy mixed mesic Umbric Dystrochrept) at three soil P levels (17, 50, and 96 mg P kg(-1) soil) for five months. Excluding the genotype effect, endophyte infection significantly increased cumulative herbage DM yield by 8% at 17 mg P kg(-1) soil but reduced cumulative herbage DM yield by 12% at 96 mg P kg(-1) soil. With increased P availability in the soil, shoot and root DM, and root/shoot ratio in E+ plants were significantly less when compared to E-plants. Endophyte infection increased specific root length at 17 and 50 mg P kg(-1) soil. At soil P level of 17 mg P kg(-1) soil, E+ plants had significantly higher P concentrations both in roots and shoots. Similar relationships were found for Mg and Ca. E+ plants had significantly higher Zn, Fe, and Al concentration in roots, and lower Mn and Al concentration in shoots when compared to E-plants. Ergot alkaloid concentration and content in shoot of E+ plants increased with increasing P availability in the soil from 17 to 50 mg P kg(-1) but declined again at 96 mg P kg(-1) soil. Ergot alkaloid accumulation in roots increased linearly with P availability in the soil. Results suggest that endophyte infection affects uptake of phosphorus and other mineral nutrients and may benefit tall fescue grown on P-deficient soils. Phosphorus seems also to be involved in ergot alkaloid accumulation in endophyte-infected tall fescue. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Malinowski, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, POB 400, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM dbelesky@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 47 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 1998 VL 198 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1023/A:1004279401196 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZA221 UT WOS:000072341500006 ER PT J AU Wright, SF Upadhyaya, A AF Wright, SF Upadhyaya, A TI A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE AM fungi; soil biology; soil protein; sustainable agriculture; water stable aggregates ID WATER-CONTENT; PROTEIN; TIME AB Understanding the contributions of soil microorganisms to soil stabilization at the molecular level will lead to ways to enhance inputs for sustainable agricultural systems. Recent discoveries of copious production of glycoprotein (glomalin) by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the apparent recalcitrance of this material in soils led to the comparison between concentration of glomalin and aggregate stability. Stability was measured on air-dried aggregates rewetted by capillary action and then subjected to wet sieving for 10 min. Thirty-seven samples from four geographic areas of the U.S. and one area of Scotland were tested. The monoclonal antibody used to discover glomalin on AM hyphae was employed to assess immunoreactive glomalin on aggregate surfaces by immunofluorescence and in extracts from aggregates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunofluorescence was observed on at least some surfaces of aggregates from all soils examined, but was most evident on aggregates with high glomalin concentrations. Easily extractable glomalin (EEG) was solubilized by 20 mM citrate, pH 7.0 at 121 degrees C for 30 min, and total glomalin (TG) was solubilized with 50 mM citrate, pH 8.0 at 121 degrees C for 90 to 450 min. Some soils required up to seven sequential extractions to remove all of the glomalin. Aggregate stability was linearly correlated (p < 0.001) with all measures of glomalin (mg/g of aggregates) in these soils. The best predictor of aggregate stability (AS) was immunoreactive easily extractable glomalin (IREEG) according to the following relationship: AS = 42.7 +61.3 x log(10) IREEG (r(2) = 0.86; p < 0.001, n = 37). C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wright, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 416 Z9 509 U1 16 U2 144 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 1998 VL 198 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1023/A:1004347701584 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZA221 UT WOS:000072341500011 ER PT J AU Hoecker, U Xu, Y Quail, PH AF Hoecker, U Xu, Y Quail, PH TI SPA1: A new genetic locus involved in phytochrome A - Specific signal transduction SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; SEED-GERMINATION; LIGHT; SEEDLINGS; MUTANT; MUTATIONS; OVEREXPRESSION; EXPRESSION; DEFICIENT AB To identify mutants potentially defective in signaling intermediates specific to phytochrome A (phyA), we screened for extragenic mutations that suppress the morphological phenotype exhibited by a weak phyA mutant (phyA-105) of Arabidopsis. A new recessive mutant, designated spa1 (for (s) under bar uppressor of (p) under bar hy (A) under bar-105), was isolated and mapped to the bottom of chromosome 2. spa1 phyA-105 double mutants exhibit restoration of several responses to limiting fluence rates of continuous far-red light that are absent in the parental phyA-105 mutant, such as deetiolation, anthocyanin accumulation, and a far-red light-induced inability of seedlings to green upon subsequent transfer to continuous white light. spa1 mutations do not cause a phenotype in darkness, indicating that the suppression phenotype is light dependent. Enhanced photoresponsiveness was observed in spa1 seedlings in a wild-type PHYA background as well as in the mutant phyA-105 background but not in a mutant phyA null background. These results indicate that phyA is necessary in a non-allele-specific fashion for the expression of the spa1 mutant phenotype and that phyB to phyE are not sufficient for this effect. Taken together, the data suggest that spa1 mutations specifically amplify phyA signaling and therefore that the SPA1 locus encodes a component that acts negatively early in the phyA-specific signaling pathway. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM4745] NR 57 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JAN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA YV520 UT WOS:000071833300004 PM 9477570 ER PT J AU Li, XH Su, RTC Hsu, HT Sze, H AF Li, XH Su, RTC Hsu, HT Sze, H TI The molecular chaperone calnexin associates with the vacuolar H+-ATPase from oat seedlings SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SEQUENTIAL INTERACTION; MEMBRANE POLYPEPTIDE; SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; COMPLEX AB Acidification of endomembrane compartments by the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is central to many cellular processes in eukaryotes, including osmoregulation and protein sorting. The V-ATPase complex consists of a peripheral sector (V-1) and a membrane integral sector (V-o); however, it is unclear how the multimeric enzyme is assembled. A 64-kD polypeptide that had copurified with oat V-ATPase subunits has been identified as calnexin, an integral protein on the endoplasmic reticulum. To determine whether calnexin interacted physically with the V-ATPase, microsomal membranes were Triton X-100 solubilized, and the protein-protein interaction was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation. Monoclonal antibodies against calnexin precipitated both calnexin and V-ATPase subunits, including A and B and those of 44, 42, 36, 16, and 13 kD. A monoclonal antibody against subunit A precipitated the entire V-ATPase complex as well as calnexin and Rip, an endoplasmic reticulum lumen chaperone. The results support our hypothesis that both calnexin and Dip act as molecular chaperones in the folding and assembly of newly synthesized V1Vo-ATPases at the endoplasmic reticulum. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIH, Ctr Sci Review, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Florist & Nursery Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sze, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hs29@umail.umd.edu NR 41 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JAN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA YV520 UT WOS:000071833300011 PM 9477575 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI Effects of humidity on short-term responses of stomatal conductance to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE abscisic acid; carbon dioxide; humidity; stomatal conductance; vapour pressure deficit ID ABSCISIC-ACID; SUNFLOWER; DROUGHT AB The magnitude of the response of stomatal conductance to a change in the concentration of carbon dioxide external to the leaf from 350 to 700 cm(3) m(-3) was found to be extremely variable from day to day in the field in Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum. It was found that the leaf-to-air water vapour pressure difference (LAVPD) during the midday measurements of the stomatal response to carbon dioxide affected the magnitude of the response, On days when LAVPD was low no significant change in conductance occurred with the increase in carbon dioxide concentration. When LAVPD was higher, conductance decreased by 24-52% with the increase in carbon dioxide within a few minutes, The sensitivity of conductance was approximately linearly related to LAVPD in wheat and barley, Experiments with G. max in the field indicated that, on days with low LAVPD, increasing the LAVPD just around the measured portion of a leaflet made stomatal conductance responsive to increased carbon dioxide, This result was also obtained under laboratory conditions with G. max, Helianthus annuus and Amaranthus retroflexus. In G. max, it was determined that leaves in which conductance was not responsive to the increase in carbon dioxide could be made responsive even at low LAVPD by the injection of abscisic acid into their petioles, Because it is known that abscisic acid sensitizes stomata to carbon dioxide, these results are consistent with the idea that abscisic acid may be involved in the response of stomatal conductance to changes in LAVPD. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00253.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZB759 UT WOS:000072505000014 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA Ziska, LH AF Bunce, JA Ziska, LH TI Decreased hydraulic conductance in plants at elevated carbon dioxide SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; hydraulic conductance; stomatal conductance; transpiration; water potential ID WATER TRANSPORT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; COTTON PLANTS; STRESS; GROWTH; RESISTANCE; ENRICHMENT; GRASSLAND; YIELD; CONDUCTIVITY AB Previous work indicated that long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide levels can reduce hydraulic conductance in some species, but the basis of the response was not determined, In this study, hydraulic conductance was measured at concentrations of both 350 and 700 cm(3) m(-3) carbon dioxide for plants grown at both concentrations, to determine the reversibility of the response, In Zea mays and Amaranthus hypochondriacus, exposure to the higher carbon dioxide concentration for several hours reduced whole-plant transpiration rate by 22-40%, without any consistent change in leaf water potential, indicating reversible reductions in hydraulic conductance at elevated carbon dioxide levels, Hydraulic conductance in these species grown at both carbon dioxide concentrations responded similarly to measurement concentration of carbon dioxide, indicating that the response was reversible, In Glycine max, which in earlier work had shown a long-term decrease in hydraulic conductance at elevated carbon dioxide levels, and in Abutilon theophrasti, no short-term changes in hydraulic conductance with measurement concentration of carbon dioxide were found, despite lower transpiration rates at elevated carbon dioxide, In G. max and Medicago sativa, growth at high dew-point temperature reduced transpiration rate and decreased hydraulic conductance, The results indicate that both reversible and irreversible decreases in hydraulic conductance can occur at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations, and that both could be responses to reduced transpiration rate, rather than to carbon dioxide concentration itself. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jabunce@aol.com NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00256.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZB759 UT WOS:000072505000015 ER PT J AU Tanprasert, P Reed, BM AF Tanprasert, P Reed, BM TI Detection and identification of bacterial contaminants of strawberry runner explants SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-Like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures CY SEP, 1996 CL UNIV COLL CORK, CORK, IRELAND HO UNIV COLL CORK ID MICROPROPAGATED MINT PLANTS; TISSUE CULTURE; GROWTH C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Tanprasert, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 55 DI 10.1023/A:1005908210886 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA ZN569 UT WOS:000073659000009 ER PT J AU Reed, BM Mentzer, J Tanprasert, P Yu, XL AF Reed, BM Mentzer, J Tanprasert, P Yu, XL TI Interval bacterial contamination of micropropogated hazelnut: identification and antibiotic treatment SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-Like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures CY SEP, 1996 CL UNIV COLL CORK, CORK, IRELAND HO UNIV COLL CORK ID MICROPROPAGATED MINT PLANTS; TISSUE CULTURE; DELPHINIUM C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1023/A:1005989000408 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA ZN569 UT WOS:000073659000012 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Cartwright, RD Shier, WT Abouzied, MM Bird, CB Rice, LG Ross, PF Sciumbato, GL Meredith, FI AF Abbas, HK Cartwright, RD Shier, WT Abouzied, MM Bird, CB Rice, LG Ross, PF Sciumbato, GL Meredith, FI TI Natural occurrence of fumonisins in rice with Fusarium sheath rot disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE mycotoxins ID EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MONILIFORME; CORN; PROLIFERATUM; MYCOTOXINS; FOODS; JIMSONWEED; CULTURES; FEEDS; SWINE AB Twenty samples of rough rice (Oryza sativa) (unpolished kernels) collected during the 1995 harvest season from Arkansas (seven samples) and Texas (13 samples) were obtained from rice fields known to include plants with symptoms of Fusarium sheath rot putatively caused by Fusarium proliferatum. Samples were analyzed for fumonisin B-1(FB1) at three laboratories using three different extracting solvents by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Forty percent of the samples were positive for FBI at levels less than or equal to 4.3 mu g/g by HPLC. The same samples contained FBI at less than or equal to 3.6 mu g/g when measured by an ELISA method. Most samples that were positive for FBI were positive for fumonisin B-2 (FB2) and fumonisin B-3 (FB3) by HPLC at levels less than or equal to 1.2 mu g/g. Very good agreement was obtained among the two laboratories using HPLC methods and the third using ELISA. Shelling of the unpolished rice results in hull and brown rice fractions. In a sample that contained 4.3 mu g/g in whole kernels, the fumonisin level was very high in hulls (less than or equal to 16.8 mu g/g) and low in brown rice (less than or equal to 0.9 mu g/g). Milling of brown rice results in bran and white rice fractions. Fumonisins were found in bran at a level of less than or equal to 3.7 mu g/g but were below the level of detection by HPLC in white rice. The presence of fumonisins (FB1, FB2, and FB3) was confirmed by fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry. This is the first report of fumonisins in naturally contaminated rice in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Arkansas, CES, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Neogen Corp, Lansing, MI 48912 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 38 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.22 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200003 ER PT J AU Bustamante, PI Hammond, R Ramirez, P AF Bustamante, PI Hammond, R Ramirez, P TI Evaluation of maize germplasm for resistance to maize Rayado Fino virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-VIRUSES; MOSAIC-VIRUS; LEAFHOPPER; TRANSMISSION; CORN AB Maize rayado fine virus (MRFV) causes severe yield losses in maize (Zea mays) in Latin America with reductions of 40-50% on indigenous genotypes and 100% in some new cultivars. A collection of 20 different maize genotypes were obtained from the Center for the Improvement of Maize and Wheat (CIMMYT, Mexico), Estacion Experimental Fabio Baudrit (EEFB-Alajuela), and the Consejo Nacional de la Produccion (CNP-Costa Rica). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and symptom severity were used to evaluate the responses of the maize genotypes to MRFV infection under screenhouse conditions. Two genotypes from the CIMMYT germ plasm collection (accession nos. 2980-93 and 3974) showed mild and delayed symptoms and low MRFV concentrations as determined by ELISA. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Costa Rica, Sch Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile. RP Hammond, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.50 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200009 ER PT J AU Niewoehner, AS Leath, S AF Niewoehner, AS Leath, S TI Virulence of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici on winter wheat in the eastern United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE population genetics; Triticum aestivum ID POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; TRIADIMENOL SEED TREATMENT; LEAF RUST EPIDEMICS; GENES; POPULATIONS; LINES; YIELD; IDENTIFICATION; FREQUENCIES; CULTIVARS AB Samples of perithecia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici from senescing wheat leaves were collected by cooperators from 17 states. Ascospores were discharged from perithecia and single-spore isolates were characterized for virulence genes using a differential host series containing 15 known resistance genes. A total of 520 isolates from 17 states were characterized in 1993 and 1994. Virulence frequencies and complexity and racial composition were examined. The data were analyzed for associations among sets of virulence genes and the geographical distribution of phenotypes. Virulence to Pm3c, Pm3f, pm5, Pm6, and Pm7 was present in all states surveyed. Since 1990, virulence to Pm3a has increased in the northeast, and virulence to Pm1, Pm4b, Pm8, and Pm17 has increased across the area surveyed. The resistance genes Pm12 and Pm16 remain highly effective in the southeastern United States. An increase in virulence frequencies and complexity of isolates was observed. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Leath, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 64 EP 68 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.64 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200011 ER PT J AU Soria, SL Vega, R Damsteegt, VD McDaniel, LL Kitto, SL Evans, TA AF Soria, SL Vega, R Damsteegt, VD McDaniel, LL Kitto, SL Evans, TA TI Occurrence and partial characterization of a new mechanically transmissible virus in mashua from the Ecuadorian Highlands SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) is a tuber crop indigenous to the Andean highlands and of economic value to its native people as a food and medicinal crop. Field plants often exhibit symptoms typical of virus infection, including interveinal chlorosis, leaf cupping, distortion, and stunting. Using an herbaceous host range, at least 1 mechanically transmissible virus was detected in each of 10 accessions. All virus isolates tested reacted to potyvirus group antiserum in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results of monoclonal antibody testing using antigen coated plate (ACP) ELISA, where virions are disrupted to expose cryptotopes, indicated that isolate Tt 4 has epitopes in common with maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus A (MDMV-A). Polyclonal antiserum produced to purified preparations of the Tt 4 isolate reacted in indirect ELISA to Tt 4, the common strain of potato potyvirus Y (PVY-C), less strongly to tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) and potato potyvirus A (PVA), but not to 11 other potyviruses, including MDMV-A. Conversely the Tt 4 isolate reacted strongly in indirect ELISA to antisera to bean common mosaic potyvirus (BCMV) and watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV-2), but not antisera to 12 other potyviruses. Our data suggest that isolate Tt 4 is a distinct potyvirus closely related to and sharing external epitopes with PVY-C, TEV, PVA, WMV-2, and BCMV, and buried epitopes with MDMV-A. The virus has been tentatively named Tropaeolum mosaic potyvirus (TropMV). A survey of T. tuberosum in Ecuador revealed that TropMV was widespread, being detected by ACP-ELISA in 34 of 46 accessions at the National Institute for Agricultural Research's Santa Catalina Research Station, Quite, and all eight production fields surveyed. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Agr Sci, Delaware Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. AMDE Corp, Ambato, Ecuador. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis & Weed Lab, Frederick, MD USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Rockville, MD USA. RP Evans, TA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Agr Sci, Delaware Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.69 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200012 ER PT J AU Li, RH Wisler, GC Liu, HY Duffus, JE AF Li, RH Wisler, GC Liu, HY Duffus, JE TI Comparison of diagnostic techniques for detecting tomato infectious chlorosis virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWS VIRUS; CLOSTEROVIRUS; GENOME AB A polyclonal antiserum prepared against purified virions of tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) was used to evaluate serological tests for its detection, to determine its distribution in infected plants, to study relationships among isolates of this virus, and to detect it in field samples. A cRNA probe representing TICV RNA 1 and RNA 2 was used in dot blot hybridization tests. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was also developed for detection of TICV isolates. The comparative study of these four techniques indicated that RT-PCR was 100-fold more sensitive than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and dot blot hybridization assays for TICV detection. TICV was detected in leaf stem, flower, and root tissues of the infected tomato plants. However, the virus was not uniformly distributed throughout the infected tomato plants, and the highest viral concentration was observed in fully developed young tomato leaves at the onset of yellowing symptoms. The virus was detected by indirect ELISA, Western blot, dot blot hybridization, and RT-PCR assays in laboratory-infected tomato, tomatillo, potato, and Nicotiana clevelandii and in naturally infected tomato, petunia; and Ranunculus sp. plants obtained from commercial sources. These tests indicate that there are apparently no detectable serological or nucleic acid differences among four TICV isolates obtained from Orange and Yolo Counties of California or from North Carolina or Italy. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Li, RH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.84 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200015 ER PT J AU Alderman, SC Coats, DD Crowe, FJ Butler, MD AF Alderman, SC Coats, DD Crowe, FJ Butler, MD TI Occurrence and distribution of ergot and estimates of seed loss in Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed in central Oregon SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Claviceps purpurea; Poa pratensis; yield loss AB In 1991 to 1993, ergot was detected in 36, 44, and 62%, respectively, of fields of Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed in central Oregon. Relatively few fields (2 to 13%) had a high (more than 20 sclerotia/gm seed) level of ergot. Ergot severity (percent sclerotia by weight) in 1991 to 1993 was estimated at 0.85, 0.07, and 0.34%, respectively. Percent seed replaced by ergot in 1991 to 1993 was estimated at 0.22, 0.02, and 0.08, respectively. Recleaning of seed to reduce ergot contamination and to meet purity standards resulted in a 7.8% reduction in marketable seed weight. Estimated value of seed replaced by ergot in 1991, 1992, and 1993, was $75,625, $4,758, and $17,076, respectively. Estimated value of seed lost during recleaning in 1991, 1992, and 1993, was $37,669, $8,171, and $21,964, respectively. Weed grasses supporting ergot at the time of harvest of Kentucky bluegrass were species of Bromus, Secale, Festuca, and Pea. However, very few seed heads of weed grasses were infected, and they appeared to contribute little to ergot development in central Oregon. Most infested fields (with more than one sclerotium/gm seed prior to recleaning) or weed grass sites with ergot were located in the southern range of the area of study. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Cent Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Madras 97741, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Alderman, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.89 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200016 ER PT J AU de Lima, JEO Miranda, VS Hartung, JS Brlansky, RH Coutinho, A Roberto, SR Carlos, EF AF de Lima, JEO Miranda, VS Hartung, JS Brlansky, RH Coutinho, A Roberto, SR Carlos, EF TI Coffee leaf scorch bacterium: Axenic culture, pathogenicity, and comparison with Xylella fastidiosa of citrus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE amarelinho; Citrus sinensis; diagnosis; orange; PCR; requeima do cafe ID PIERCES DISEASE BACTERIUM; VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; LIMITED BACTERIA; PHONY DISEASE; STRAINS; PEACH; TISSUES; BRAZIL AB Symptoms of coffee leaf scorch (CLS) appear on young flushes of field plants as large marginal and apical scorched areas on recently mature leaves. Affected leaves drop, shoot growth is stunted, and apical leaves are small and chlorotic. Symptoms may progress to shoot dieback. Only scorched leaves which could not be related to other known agents consistently contained bacteria and bacterial agglomerates when observed with light microscopy. Only plants with these symptoms were positive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests using antiserum to Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. was isolated in November 1995 from coffee (Coffea arabica) leaves with scorch symptoms on supplemented periwinkle wilt medium. Colonies were circular, dome-shaped, white, and 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter. Two of 10 young coffee seedlings stem-inoculated with a suspension of the isolated X. fastidiosa in January 1996 showed leaf scorch symptoms 3 to 5 months later, contained bacteria in xylem extracts, and reacted positively in ELISA using antiserum to the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) strain of X. fastidiosa. ELISA-positive bacteria were reisolated from this plant. None of the symptomless plants, including controls, revealed bacteria on microscopic examinations, ELISA, or isolation attempts. Antisera developed against cultured bacteria from both CLS and CVC plants reacted positively against plant extracts of both diseases in dot immunobinding assays (DIBA). The level of detection was about 5 x 10(5) bacteria ml(-1) for both homologous and heterologous reactions. The polymerase chain reaction amplification products produced by CLS and CVC strains of X. fastidiosa were indistinguishable. Geographical distribution of these strains is not the same. CLS is widespread and usually occurs if coffee is adjacent to CVC-affected citrus. However, CVC does not always occur when citrus is grown adjacent to CLS-affected coffee. The bacteria are closely related, if not identical. C1 Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Agrocitros Citrolima Ltda, BR-13700 Casa Branca, SP, Brazil. Fundecitrus, BR-14801970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brlansky, RH (reprint author), Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RI Roberto, Sergio/K-5638-2013 NR 32 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 94 EP 97 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.94 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200017 ER PT J AU Cavileer, TD Clarke, RC Corsini, DL Berger, PH AF Cavileer, TD Clarke, RC Corsini, DL Berger, PH TI A new strain of potato carlavirus M SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-S; SEQUENCE; RNA AB In 1994, potato samples for certification from Idaho seed fields reacted in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests to a polyclonal potato carlavirus M (PVM) antiserum. Sample affinity to the antiserum was lower than control samples. Furthermore, ELISA-positive samples were obtained from both symptomatic as well as asymptomatic plants. A complementary DNA library was prepared using both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and primers based on published PVM sequences, or oligo d(T) primed reverse transcribed sequences. The nucleotide sequence was determined for the 3'-terminus of the genome. Putative coat protein amino acid sequence was compared to published PVM and potato virus S coat protein sequences. While this new isolate is likely a strain of PVM, it is significantly different from known PVM coat protein sequences in the amino terminus region. These differences may explain the poor reactivity to other PVM antisera and suggest that it is a new strain of PVM, which we have designated PVM-ID. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Idaho Crop Improvement Assoc, Idaho Falls, ID 83405 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Berger, PH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.98 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200018 ER PT J AU Smith, RR Grau, CR Gray, LE AF Smith, RR Grau, CR Gray, LE TI First report of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris infecting forage legumes and soybeans in Wisconsin. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Smith, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 126 EP 126 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.126C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200027 ER PT J AU Kaiser, WJ Mihov, M Muehlbauer, FJ Hannan, RM AF Kaiser, WJ Mihov, M Muehlbauer, FJ Hannan, RM TI First report of anthracnose of lentil incited by Colletotrichum truncatum in Bulgaria. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kaiser, WJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 128 EP 128 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.128C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YN775 UT WOS:000071205200034 ER PT J AU Honeycutt, CW AF Honeycutt, CW TI Crop rotation impacts on potato protein SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE crop rotation; human nutrition; malnutrition; nutritional quality; organic produce; tuber protein ID RESIDUE CARBON; NITROGEN; MINERALIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; NUTRITION; FIBER AB The impacts of nitrogen (N) fertilization on potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) protein yield and nutritional quality are well documented but of little benefit to growers with limited access to fertilizer or capital (e.g. in lesser developed countries). This study was conducted 1) to evaluate the extent which crude protein yield in potatoes can be influenced by crop rotation with no N fertilizer and 2) to determine if crop rotation and minimal application of N fertilizer can meet the total protein yield of potatoes achieved with recommended quantities of N fertilizer. A field study was conducted in which potatoes followed previous crops of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. `Nitro'), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), white lupin ( Lupinus albus L. `Ultra'), oats ( Avena sativa `Astro'), and potatoes. Tuber protein yield following alfalfa with no N fertilizer was about 50 kg/ha greater than when following potatoes or oats in one study year. In another year, tuber protein yield was greatest following vetch, achieving 149 kg protein/ha with no N fertilizer. These results were directly linked to the N contributions of rotation crop residues and were reflected in the plant-available N levels measured in soil. Applying one-half the recommended rate of N fertilizer resulted in protein yields comparable to a well-fertilized potato-potato rotation in a relatively dry year, but not in a year with more favorable precipitation. Particular crops grown in rotation with potatoes can make significant contributions to the total protein harvested in tubers. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Honeycutt, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-9668 J9 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR JI Plant Food Hum. Nutr. PY 1998 VL 52 IS 4 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1023/A:1008046223958 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 203LQ UT WOS:000080709500001 PM 10426115 ER PT J AU Stein, N Ponelies, N Musket, T McMullen, M Weber, G AF Stein, N Ponelies, N Musket, T McMullen, M Weber, G TI Chromosome micro-dissection and region-specific libraries from pachytene chromosomes of maize (Zea mays L.) SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INSITU SUPPRESSION HYBRIDIZATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE-PRIMED PCR; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DWARF MOSAIC-VIRUS; HUMAN GENOME; DNA; MICRODISSECTION; AMPLIFICATION; CLONING; GENE AB For the first time, pachytene chromosomes have been used for micro-dissection, amplification and cloning using the short arm of maize chromosome 6. For this purpose, methods for the preparation of unstained pachytene chromosomes were developed. In two separate experiments, 10 and 12 segments of the satellite region were isolated utilizing glass needles and DNA was amplified by linker-adaptor-PCR. After amplification, maize-specific DNA was verified by genomic Southern hybridizations. Chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization confirmed that the adaptor PCR products originated from the micro-dissected 6S region. The adaptor PCR products were cloned into a plasmid vector and the chromosome region-specific libraries were characterized. C1 Univ Hohenheim, Dept Special Plant Breeding & Biotechnol, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Weber, G (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Dept Special Plant Breeding & Biotechnol, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EM weberg@uni-hohenheim.de OI Ponelies, Norbert/0000-0002-5048-8433 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 13 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YX876 UT WOS:000072088600014 ER PT B AU Pring, DR Chen, W Tang, HV Howad, W Kempken, E AF Pring, DR Chen, W Tang, HV Howad, W Kempken, E BE Moller, IM Gardestrom, P Glimelius, K Glaser, E TI Transcript nucleolytic processing, RNA editing, and the restoration of male fertility in sorghum SO PLANT MITOCHONDRIA: FROM GENE TO FUNCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Plant Mitochondria - From Gene to Function (ICPM98) CY JUN 22-27, 1998 CL ARONSBORG, SWEDEN ID MALE-STERILE SORGHUM; MITOCHONDRIAL; CYTOPLASM; BICOLOR C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pring, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BACKHUYS PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 321, 2300 AH LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5782-009-9 PY 1998 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA BM56G UT WOS:000079103300009 ER PT J AU Jones, DL Kochian, LV Gilroy, S AF Jones, DL Kochian, LV Gilroy, S TI Aluminum induces a decrease in cytosolic calcium concentration in BY-2 tobacco cell cultures SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; ROOT-HAIR-CELLS; CYTOPLASMIC CALCIUM; TIP GROWTH; INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE; ALEURONE PROTOPLASTS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PLANT-CELLS; WHEAT ROOTS; TOXICITY AB Al toxicity is a major problem that limits crop productivity on acid soils. It has been suggested that Al toxicity is linked to changes in cellular Ca homeostasis and the blockage of plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channels. BY-2 suspension-cultured cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) exhibit rapid cell expansion that is sensitive to Al. Therefore, the effect of Al on changes in cytoplasmic free Ca concentration ([Ca2+](cyt)) was followed in BY-2 cells to assess whether Al perturbed cellular Ca homeostasis. Al exposure resulted in a prolonged reduction in [Ca2+](cyt) and inhibition of growth that was similar to the effect of the Ca2+ channel blocker La3+ and the Ca2+ chelator ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid. The Ca2+ channel blockers verapamil and nifedipine did not induce a decrease in [Ca2+](cyt) in these cells and also failed to inhibit growth. Al and La3+, but not verapamil or nifedipine, reduced the rate of Mn2+ quenching of Indo-1 fluorescence, which is consistent with the blockage of Ca2+- and Mn2+-permeable channels. These results suggest that Al may act to block Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane of plant cells and this action may play a crucial role in the phytotoxic activity of the Al ion. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Coll N Wales, Sch Agr & Forest Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gilroy, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, 208 Mueller Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sxg12@psu.edu RI Jones, Davey/C-7411-2011; OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 55 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 116 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1104/pp.116.1.81 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YR293 UT WOS:000071480300009 ER PT J AU Phillippy, BQ AF Phillippy, BQ TI Identification of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5-kinase and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase in immature soybean seeds SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPIRODELA-POLYRHIZA L; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; PHYTIC ACID; RAT-LIVER; METABOLISM; PHOSPHATES; PHOSPHORYLATION; DICTYOSTELIUM; PURIFICATION; RECEPTOR AB In extracts of immature soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seeds inositol tetrakisphosphate was formed from [H-3]inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate but not from [H-3]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate kinase was purified to a specific activity of 3.55 min(-1) mg(-1) by polyethylenimine clarification and anion-exchange chromatography. The partially purified enzyme converted [H-3]inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate as the major product and inositol 1,3,4,6- and/or 1,2,3,4-tetrakisphosphate as the minor product. Subsequent experiments revealed a separate inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity, which could link these enzymes to inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis via the previously reported inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase. The apparent K-m values for inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate kinase were 200 +/- 0 nM for inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate and 171 +/- 4 mu m for ATP, and the reaction was not reversible. The kinetics were such that no activity could be detected using unlabeled inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate and [gamma-P-32]ATP, which suggested that other kinases may have been observed when less purified fractions were incubated with radiolabeled ATP. Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate kinase was nonspecifically inhibited more than 80% by various inositol polyphosphates at a concentration of 100 mu M. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Phillippy, BQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 116 IS 1 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1104/pp.116.1.291 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YR293 UT WOS:000071480300031 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Henson, CA AF Livingston, DP Henson, CA TI Apoplastic sugars, fructans, fructan exohydrolase, and invertase in winter oat: Responses to second-phase cold hardening SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; RYE LEAVES; CROWNS; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; TESTA; SEEDS; PH AB Changes in apoplastic carbohydrate concentrations and activities of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes were determined in crown tissues of oat (Avena sativa L., cv Wintok) during cold hardening. During second-phase hardening (-3 degrees C for 3 d) levels of fructan, sucrose, glucose, and fructose in the apoplast increased significantly above that in nonhardened and first-phase-hardened plants. The extent of the increase in apoplastic fructan during second-phase hardening varied with the degree of fructan polymerization (DP) (e.g. DP3 and DP4 increased to a greater extent than DP7 and DP > 7). Activities of invertase and fructan exohydrolase in the crown apoplast increased approximately 4-fold over nonhardened and first-phase-hardened plants. Apoplastic fluid extracted from nonhardened, first-phase-hardened, and second-phase-hardened crown tissues had low levels, of symplastic contamination, as determined by malate dehydrogenase activity. The significance of these results in relation to increases in freezing tolerance from second-phase hardening is discussed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7629,840 Method Rd Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 32 TC 158 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 116 IS 1 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1104/pp.116.1.403 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YR293 UT WOS:000071480300043 ER PT J AU Ribnicky, DM Cooke, TJ Cohen, JD AF Ribnicky, DM Cooke, TJ Cohen, JD TI A microtechnique for the analysis of free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid in milligram amounts of plant tissue using a benchtop gas chromatograph mass spectrometer SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis (auxin analysis); auxin analysis; Avena (auxin analysis); mass spectrometry; stable isotopes ID CARROT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; INDOLEACETIC-ACID; AUXIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; MESOCOTYL AB A microtechnique was developed for the quantification of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in plant samples of one milligram fresh weight or less. The method permitted quantification of both free and conjugated IAA using a benchtop gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. New methods for sample purification with high recovery at microscale levels, together with simple changes that result in enhanced sensitivity of the instrumentation, allowed for a significant reduction in the amount of plant material required for analysis; Single oat (A venn sativa L.) coleoptile tips could be studied with this method and were found to contain free and total IAA levels of 137 and 399 pg . mg(-1) fresh weight, respectively. A single 5-d-old Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. seedling was shown to contain 61 pg . mg(-1) fresh weight free IAA and 7850 pg mg-l fresh weight of total IAA following basic hydrolysis. This microtechnique provides a way to accurately measure IAA levels in very small structures and individual seedlings, thus making it a valuable research tool for elucidating the role and distribution of auxin in relation to growth and development. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cohen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JAN PY 1998 VL 204 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YL990 UT WOS:000071016200001 PM 9443382 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CR Turano, FJ McMahon, MB AF Caldwell, CR Turano, FJ McMahon, MB TI Identification of two cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase cDNAs from soybean leaves and characterization of their products by functional expression in E-coli SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ascorbate peroxidase; cDNA; Glycine (ascorbate peroxidase) ID ROOT-NODULES; SPINACH; PURIFICATION; ENZYMES; CLONING; DIOXIDE; CARROT; OZONE AB Screening of a cDNA library from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Century) with probes based upon cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APx; EC 1.11.1.11) genes identified two full-length clones (SOYAPx1, SOYAPx2) apparently encoding for different soybean leaf cytosolic APxs. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two APx cDNA products differed in 13 of the 250 amino acids. The SOYAPx1 cDNA was identical to the cytosolic APx cDNA previously found in soybean root nodules. Escherichia coli expression systems were developed using both soybean APx cDNAs. Recombinant SOYAPx1 and SOYAPx2 were then utilized to characterize the enzymatic properties of the two APx cDNA products. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JAN PY 1998 VL 204 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YL990 UT WOS:000071016200015 PM 9443387 ER PT S AU Hemingway, RW AF Hemingway, RW BE Vercauteren, J Cheze, C Triaud, J TI Exploring the conformations of polyflavanoids - an approach to understanding the significance of tannins SO POLYPHENOLS 96 SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Polyphenols CY JUL 15-18, 1996 CL BORDEAUX, FRANCE C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Hemingway, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0796-1 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1998 IS 87 BP 81 EP 103 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology SC Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BK98J UT WOS:000073982600004 ER PT B AU Muzika, RM Liebhold, AM Gottschalk, KW AF Muzika, RM Liebhold, AM Gottschalk, KW BE Mcmanus, ML Liebhold, AM TI Effects of silvicultural management on gypsy moth dynamics and impact: An eight-year study SO POPULATION DYNAMICS, IMPACTS, AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FOREST DEFOLIATING INSECTS - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Population Dynamics of Forest Insects CY AUG 18-23, 1996 CL BANSKA STIAVNICA, SLOVAKIA SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Abbott Lab, Cyanamid Slovensko, Uniroyal Chem Slovensko, Agrolinz Slovensko, Zeneca Slovakia AB A long-term study initiated in 1989 at the West Virginia University Forest contrasted the effects of silvicultural treatments on the development of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) outbreaks and their impacts. The area is a relatively susceptible Quercus spp./mixed hardwood forest. Egg mass densities, survivorship, and mortality from natural enemies differed little bi:between stands that were treated silviculturally and those that were not. However, stands that were thinned had less overstory mortality than unthinned stands despite incurring comparable levels of defoliation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Muzika, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA PY 1998 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BL27D UT WOS:000074947200029 ER PT S AU Whitaker, BD Solomos, T Harrison, DJ AF Whitaker, BD Solomos, T Harrison, DJ BE Bieleski, R Laing, WA Clark, CJ TI Synthesis and oxidation of alpha-farnesene during high and low O-2 storage of apple cultivars differing in scald susceptibility SO POSTHARVEST '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SCIENCE CONFERENCE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Postharvest Science Conference, Postharvest 96 CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Hort & Food Res Inst NZ, Agr & Mkt Res & Dev Trust, NZ Kiwifruit Mkt Board, NZ Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Minist Res Sci & Technol, NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, ENZA NZ (Int), BOC Gases NZ Ltd, Air NZ, Kooline Refrigerat, NZ Soc Plant Physiol AB Apples of high ('Granny Smith'; GS), moderate ('Red Delicious'; RD), and low ('Gala'; GA) susceptibility to superficial scald were stored for up to 6 months at 0 degrees C under high (100%) or low (1.5%) oxygen or in air. Hexane extracts of peel samples were analyzed for alpha-farnesene and its major oxidation product, a conjugated trienol, using an HPLC method which allows simultaneous detection at 232 and 269 nm, respectively. Identification of the compounds was confirmed by UV spectrometry, HPLC with diode array detection, and GC-MS. In general, alpha-farnesene and trienol content correlated with scald susceptibility. Levels of both isoprenoids were over 20-fold higher in GS compared with GA, the latter having only trace amounts. Farnesene content peaked in both GS and RD at 2 months, whereas trienol rose sharply from 1 to 4 months. Production of farnesene and trienol increased at higher oxygen levels in all three cultivars. The amount of trienol was more closely correlated with oxygen concentration. GS fruit stored under 100% oxygen were completely "bronzed" after 3 months and had a high level of ethanol. Two lots of RD fruit harvested 1 week apart differed markedly in their rate and amount of farnesene and trienol production. Fruit from the earlier harvest had higher levels of both compounds at all times. These results support the hypothesis that susceptibility to scald in a given cultivar is a function of farnesene production and its subsequent autoxidation to conjugated trienols. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-770-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 VL 464 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10L UT WOS:000077643700022 ER PT S AU Miller, TW Fellman, JK Mattheis, JP Mattinson, DS AF Miller, TW Fellman, JK Mattheis, JP Mattinson, DS BE Bieleski, R Laing, WA Clark, CJ TI Factors that influence volatile ester biosynthesis in 'Delicious' apples SO POSTHARVEST '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SCIENCE CONFERENCE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Postharvest Science Conference, Postharvest 96 CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Hort & Food Res Inst NZ, Agr & Mkt Res & Dev Trust, NZ Kiwifruit Mkt Board, NZ Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Minist Res Sci & Technol, NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, ENZA NZ (Int), BOC Gases NZ Ltd, Air NZ, Kooline Refrigerat, NZ Soc Plant Physiol AB We studied the influence of the intensity of light reaching fruit surfaces, cultivar, and maturity on amounts of the principal aroma and flavor volatiles (acetate esters) emitted from 'Delicious' apple fruits, and the relationship between anthocyanin accumulation and acetate ester emission. Light treatments of full sun (FS), 53% FS, 19% FS, and <1% FS were created by season-long bagging of 'Starkrimson' and 'Topred' fruit with shade cloth. Anthocyanin levels decreased with decreased light exposure, with 'Topred' fruits generally accumulating more anthocyanin than 'Starkrimson'. Contents of all flavonoid classes were also reduced as light level decreased. Volatile ester emissions were strongly affected by light exposure, with maxima occurring below 100% FS. Ester emission from 'Starkrimson' fruit at 179 days after full bloom (DAFB) was roughly twice that from 'Topred' in both years. The primary ester of both strains at all Light exposures was 2-methyl butyl acetate, accounting for 50 to 75% of total ester content, with butyl and hexyl acetates as secondary components. Fruit position on the canopy also affected color and aroma/flavor of fruit. Western and southern aspect fruit generally emitted more esters than northern and eastern aspect fruit; anthocyanin accumulation was maximal in fruit from northern and eastern aspects. Differences in ester, anthocyanin, and flavonoid content due to light exposure were as seen in the main study. These data suggest that anthocyanin accumulation and volatile ester formation increase together with increasing light exposure, but at higher light exposures, continued increases in anthocyanin production come at the expense of acetate ester biosynthesis. For these strains, this happened between 53% FS and FS. Results suggest that 'Delicious' apples managed for maximum color have less volatile content and less potential for volatile development. C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Miller, TW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-770-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 VL 464 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10L UT WOS:000077643700027 ER PT S AU Mattheis, J Buchanan, D Fellman, J AF Mattheis, J Buchanan, D Fellman, J BE Bieleski, R Laing, WA Clark, CJ TI Volatiles emitted by 'Royal Gala' apples following sequential atmosphere storage SO POSTHARVEST '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SCIENCE CONFERENCE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Postharvest Science Conference, Postharvest 96 CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Hort & Food Res Inst NZ, Agr & Mkt Res & Dev Trust, NZ Kiwifruit Mkt Board, NZ Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Minist Res Sci & Technol, NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, ENZA NZ (Int), BOC Gases NZ Ltd, Air NZ, Kooline Refrigerat, NZ Soc Plant Physiol AB 'Royal Gala' apple fruit segregated at harvest according to ground color were stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) environments in which O-2 concentrations were increased monthly. After 4 months storage, periodic increases in O-2 concentration resulted in treatments ranging from continuous storage at 1 kPa O-2 to 4 kea O-2. CO2 in all treatments was static at 2 kPa throughout the experiment. Ester emission after 4 months CA storage plus 7 days ripening at 20 degrees C was dependent on prior storage O-2 concentration. Higher CA O-2 concentrations resulted in higher ester emission alter storage. Ester emissions by apples from all CA treatments were considerably lower than emissions at harvest or by regular atmosphere-stored fruit. CA storage also reduced alcohol, aldehyde and acetate emissions. Loss of fruit firmness and titratable acidity increased with higher storage O-2 concentrations. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mattheis, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-770-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 VL 464 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10L UT WOS:000077643700028 ER PT S AU Wang, Y Horvat, RJ White, RA Kays, SJ AF Wang, Y Horvat, RJ White, RA Kays, SJ BE Bieleski, R Laing, WA Clark, CJ TI Influence of postharvest curing treatment on the synthesis of the volatile flavor components in sweetpotato SO POSTHARVEST '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SCIENCE CONFERENCE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Postharvest Science Conference, Postharvest 96 CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Hort & Food Res Inst NZ, Agr & Mkt Res & Dev Trust, NZ Kiwifruit Mkt Board, NZ Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Minist Res Sci & Technol, NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, ENZA NZ (Int), BOC Gases NZ Ltd, Air NZ, Kooline Refrigerat, NZ Soc Plant Physiol AB Postharvest treatments can significantly alter quality attributes of harvested crops. We assessed the impact of curing (7d at 29.4 degrees C, 95%RH), of two sweetpotato cultivars [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] on volatile flavor chemistry. Volatile extracts were collected during baking using a cold solvent (MeCl2) trap, sampling at harvest and after curing. Odorants were discerned by olfactory assessment of GC peaks with the identity of critical compounds determined by CC-MS. Of 46 compounds identified, 38 were odor-active. Curing had a pronounced effect on aroma intensity and quality. Uncured roots yielded only 37% (cv. 'Jewel') and 12% ('GA90-16') of the total amount of odor-active volatiles of cured roots and had substantially depressed aromas. Certain compounds were not obtained from freshly harvested roots (i.e., only 22 of 38 compounds were present in 'GA90-16' and 34 of 37 in 'Jewel'). Curing appears to enhance the synthesis of alpha- and beta-amylase which in turn facilitates starch hydrolysis during baking and formation of monosaccharides that act as precursors for critical volatile flavor components. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Plant Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-770-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 VL 464 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10L UT WOS:000077643700029 ER PT S AU Ward, BG Poole, PR Hill, RA Cutler, HG AF Ward, BG Poole, PR Hill, RA Cutler, HG BE Bieleski, R Laing, WA Clark, CJ TI Postharvest application of natural products to control Botrytis storage rot in kiwifruit SO POSTHARVEST '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SCIENCE CONFERENCE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Postharvest Science Conference, Postharvest 96 CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Hort & Food Res Inst NZ, Agr & Mkt Res & Dev Trust, NZ Kiwifruit Mkt Board, NZ Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Minist Res Sci & Technol, NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, ENZA NZ (Int), BOC Gases NZ Ltd, Air NZ, Kooline Refrigerat, NZ Soc Plant Physiol AB Botrytis stem end rot is the most serious disorder affecting kiwifruit during coolstorage. These rots are primarily caused by Botrytis cinerea spores infecting the fruit through the picking wound after harvest. Postharvest application of dicarboximide fungicides immediately after harvest has been shown to reduce the incidence of rots to very low levels. However this option is increasingly unacceptable due to public concern about and legislation on pesticide residues in fruit. A possible alternative is to apply antimicrobial compounds that occur naturally in food or food products to the picking wound of kiwifruit prior to postharvest storage. Trials using delta-decalactone, delta-dodecalactone and beta-ionone have shown some of these natural products to be effective for inhibiting Botrytis rots in kiwifruit. C1 Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-770-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 VL 464 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10L UT WOS:000077643700032 ER PT S AU Picchioni, GA Watada, AE AF Picchioni, GA Watada, AE BE Bieleski, R Laing, WA Clark, CJ TI Membrane structural lipid changes in fresh-cut carrots: Revisiting the "wounding and aging" phenomenon SO POSTHARVEST '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SCIENCE CONFERENCE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Postharvest Science Conference, Postharvest 96 CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Hort & Food Res Inst NZ, Agr & Mkt Res & Dev Trust, NZ Kiwifruit Mkt Board, NZ Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Minist Res Sci & Technol, NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, ENZA NZ (Int), BOC Gases NZ Ltd, Air NZ, Kooline Refrigerat, NZ Soc Plant Physiol AB Virtually no quantitative data exist for membrane Lipid metabolism of fresh-cut (wound-stressed) vegetables and fruits, despite the inevitable consequences of wounding. One such result is the rupture of cell membranes and activation of membrane lipid catabolic processes. We have evaluated changes in membrane sterols and glycerolipids in shredded carrots, a popular fresh-cut commodity. 'Apache' and 'Caropak' carrots were shredded and stored under conditions similar to those used in retail markets (10 degrees C and 95% RH). Between 0 and 10 days of storage, membrane lipid concentrations in the shredded tissue were determined using HPLC/evaporative light scattering detection. Total phospholipid and acylated sterol glycoside concentrations increase by as much as 31% and 135%, respectively, following 10 days of storage. These increases are indicative of membrane restructuring ("repair") processes, are accentuated by Ca2+ pretreatment, and appear to be cultivar-dependent. During storage, Ca2+ pretreatment also delays onset of increases in the ratios of free sterols to phospholipids and of free stigmasterol to free sitosterol (both senescence-driven processes); and as expected, Ca2+ pretreatment reduces cell permeability. Howe;er, Ca2+ retreatment does not curb the rate of accumulation of phosphatidic acid, a membrane degradation product. Coexistence of membrane degradation and "repair" processes appears to be a characteristic feature of wounding and long-term storage of carrots. Further, Ca2+ pretreatment may prove to be a valuable approach for maintaining quality of fresh-cut carrots and possibly other fresh-cut products, owing to its stabilising influence on cell membrane systems. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Picchioni, GA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-770-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 VL 464 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10L UT WOS:000077643700034 ER PT S AU Kato-Noguchi, H Watada, AE Qi, L AF Kato-Noguchi, H Watada, AE Qi, L BE Bieleski, R Laing, WA Clark, CJ TI Glycolysis of carrot shreds increased under low O-2 atmosphere SO POSTHARVEST '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SCIENCE CONFERENCE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Postharvest Science Conference, Postharvest 96 CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Hort & Food Res Inst NZ, Agr & Mkt Res & Dev Trust, NZ Kiwifruit Mkt Board, NZ Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Minist Res Sci & Technol, NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, ENZA NZ (Int), BOC Gases NZ Ltd, Air NZ, Kooline Refrigerat, NZ Soc Plant Physiol AB The RQ breakpoint of carrot shreds occurred at about 1% O-2. At slightly below the RQ breakpoint, 0.5% O-2, glycolysis was affected. The low O-2 atmosphere caused a sharp increase in fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P-2) and a slight decrease in fructose 6-phosphate (Fru-6-P), phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate among the glycolytic intermediates. The low O-2 also caused an increase in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P-2) and ethanol. Fru-2,6-P-2 appeared to have promoted glycolysis, as noted by the increased activity of phosphate-dependent fructokinase. ATP level decreased under low O-2, but a sufficient level is thought to have been maintained for minimum metabolism by the increased glycolytic activity. C1 Kagawa Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Bioresource Sci, Kagawa, Japan. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Tianjin Acad Agr Sci, Tianjin, Peoples R China. RP Kato-Noguchi, H (reprint author), Kagawa Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Bioresource Sci, Kagawa, Japan. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-770-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 VL 464 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10L UT WOS:000077643700035 ER PT S AU Chan, HT Maindonald, JH Laidlaw, WG Seltenrich, M AF Chan, HT Maindonald, JH Laidlaw, WG Seltenrich, M BE Bieleski, R Laing, WA Clark, CJ TI Analysis of residual ACC oxidase in papaya sections subjected to heat treatments SO POSTHARVEST '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SCIENCE CONFERENCE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Postharvest Science Conference, Postharvest 96 CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Hort & Food Res Inst NZ, Agr & Mkt Res & Dev Trust, NZ Kiwifruit Mkt Board, NZ Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Minist Res Sci & Technol, NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, ENZA NZ (Int), BOC Gases NZ Ltd, Air NZ, Kooline Refrigerat, NZ Soc Plant Physiol AB ACC oxidase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase) activity is used as a bioindicator of heat damage due to quarantine heat treatments. The effect of heat treatment (23 degrees to 42 degrees C) on ACC oxidase in papaya fruit immersed in hot water baths is analyzed as sets of consecutive reactions one for production and one for inactivation. We are hypothesizing that ACC oxidase activity is being generated during heating. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Chan, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. OI Seltenrich, Michael/0000-0001-7943-5872 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-770-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 VL 464 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10L UT WOS:000077643700045 ER PT S AU Lester, GE Baizabal-Aguirre, VM de la Vara, LEC AF Lester, GE Baizabal-Aguirre, VM de la Vara, LEC BE Bieleski, R Laing, WA Clark, CJ TI Preharvest and postharvest muskmelon fruit calcium-stimulated protein kinase activity SO POSTHARVEST '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SCIENCE CONFERENCE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Postharvest Science Conference, Postharvest 96 CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Hort & Food Res Inst NZ, Agr & Mkt Res & Dev Trust, NZ Kiwifruit Mkt Board, NZ Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Minist Res Sci & Technol, NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, ENZA NZ (Int), BOC Gases NZ Ltd, Air NZ, Kooline Refrigerat, NZ Soc Plant Physiol C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RI Gonzalez de la Vara, Luis/J-9119-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-770-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 VL 464 BP 507 EP 507 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10L UT WOS:000077643700099 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD AF Whitaker, BD TI Phenolic fatty-acid esters from the peel of 'Gala' apples and their possible role in resistance to superficial scald SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple fruit; Malus domestica; superficial scald; phenolics; isoflavonoids; fatty-acid esters ID STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; INHIBITION; OXIDATION; STORAGE AB Synthesis and oxidation of alpha-farnesene are thought to play a central role in development of superficial scald in apple and pear fruits. In particular, oxidation products referred to as conjugated trienes (CTs), which exhibit UV absorbance maxima at 259, 269 and 281 nm, appear to be causally linked to the disorder. Based on the observation that an A(258 nm):A(281 nm) ratio greater than or equal to 2.0 in hexane-dip extracts of apples was closely correlated with scald resistance, it was recently proposed that a CT species with relatively strong A(281 nm) induces scald, while a CT with relatively strong A(258) nm does not. It is now known, however, that the CTs produced in apple peel are mainly two isomers with identical UV spectra. Thus, the A(258 nm) in apple skin extracts which correlates with a low incidence of scald is likely due to components other than CTs. In a study of scald variability among apple cultivars, it was noted that hexane extracts of the peel from scald-resistant 'Gala' fruit exhibited a broad absorbance maximum at 258 nm. The compounds responsible for this UV peak are identified here as a family of phenolic fatty-acid esters. After partial purification, their UV spectrum was shown to have a second maximum at about 206 nm and two small shoulders at about 294 and 305 nm. These features are typical of isoflavonoid spectra. C-18-HPLC of the intact esters with UV monitoring at 210 and 260 nm revealed at least 20 components. Alkaline methanolysis yielded two main phenolics that were methanol/water-soluble and separable by C-18-HPLC. The fatty-acid methyl esters produced were mostly even chained and saturated, and four major HPLC peaks yielded methyl esters of 16:0, 18:0, 20:0 and 22:0. Pending verification, this is the first report of isoflavonoid fatty-acid esters in any plant tissue. In light of the antioxidant activity of phenolics, and isoflavonoids in particular, further investigation of a possible role of these compounds in natural resistance to scald is warranted. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(97)00070-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZK399 UT WOS:000073317000001 ER PT J AU Lau, OL Barden, CL Blankenship, SM Chen, PM Curry, EA DeEll, JR Lehman-Salada, L Mitcham, EJ Prange, RK Watkins, CB AF Lau, OL Barden, CL Blankenship, SM Chen, PM Curry, EA DeEll, JR Lehman-Salada, L Mitcham, EJ Prange, RK Watkins, CB TI A North American cooperative survey of 'Starkrimson Delicious' apple responses to 0.7% O-2 storage on superficial scald and other disorders SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; superficial scald; low oxygen storage; storage disorders; skin purpling; flesh breakdown ID LOW-OXYGEN AB Incidences of superficial scald and other storage disorders were recorded in two seasons, 1994 and 1995, for 'Starkrimson', a scald-susceptible strain of 'Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) stored at 0 degrees C in air for 6 months and in 0.7% O-2 +/- 1.0% CO2 for 6 and 8 months at eight North American locations. Fruit from British Columbia (BC; 1994), New York (NY; 1994), Pennsylvania (PA; 1995), North Carolina (NC; 1994-95) and Oregon (OR; 1994-95), which were picked near starch index 2.0 on a 0-9 scale, were scald-free after storage in 0.7% O-2 +1.0% CO2 even though air-stored fruit had severe scald incidences. Low O-2 storage reduced, but did not eliminate scald on California (CA), Nova Scotia (NS; stored in 0% CO2), PA and Washington (WA) fruit in 1994, and NY fruit in 1995, However, 0.7% O-2 was ineffective in controlling scald on NS (stored in 0% CO2) and WA fruit in 1995. Immature fruit, delayed O-2 reduction, and failure to maintain the 0.7% O-2 +/- 1.0% CO2 atmosphere during the entire storage period decreased the effectiveness of 0.7% O-2 storage for scald control. Fruit from some locations were susceptible to skin purpling (OR), external and internal low O-2 injuries (NY, OR), and flesh breakdown (NY, OR). The 0.7% O-2 scald control protocol developed in BC shows promise for control of scald in PA and NC fruit and elsewhere except for NS (due perhaps to storage in 0% instead of 1.0% CO2). However, modification of the protocol may be required to optimize effectiveness of low O-2 Storage in some regions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Okanagan Federated Shippers Assoc, Ind Res Program, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. Penn State Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. ARS, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort Res & Dev Ctr, St Jean Sur Richelieu, PQ J3B 3D6, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Fruit & Vegetable Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lau, OL (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Okanagan Federated Shippers Assoc, Ind Res Program, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 13 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(97)00077-X PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZK399 UT WOS:000073317000003 ER PT J AU Hong, JH Gross, KC AF Hong, JH Gross, KC TI Surface sterilization of whole tomato fruit with sodium hypochlorite influences subsequent postharvest behavior of fresh-cut slices SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chilling injury; ethylene; firmness; fresh-cut; ion leakage; Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; texture ID CHILLING INJURY; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; CROSS-LINKING; CELL-WALL; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; CULTIVARS AB Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of concentration (0, 0.26 or 1.05%) and duration (0, 20 or 60 s) of sodium hypochlorite treatment on subsequent firmness, electrolyte leakage, respiration, and C2H4 production of light-red tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit slices during storage at 5 degrees C under modified atmosphere (MA). Pericarp firmness of slices was lower for all treatments than for untreated controls. After 12 days of storage, pericarp firmness of slices from fruit that had been treated with 1.05% sodium hypochlorite for 60 s was less than one-half the firmness of water-treated controls and lower than the other sodium hypochlorite treatments. The effect of sodium hypochlorite on electrolyte leakage of slices stored at 5 degrees C was more closely related to treatment duration than to sodium hypochlorite concentration. The difference in electrolyte leakage between control fruit and fruit treated with 1.05% sodium hypochlorite for 60 s was 14.2, 25.6, and 25% at 4, 8, and 12 days, respectively. Development of water-soaked areas was observed on slices from fruit treated with sodium hypochlorite, but little development of water-soaked areas was detectable on slices from control fruit. An increase in C2H4 and CO2 production due to infection by Alternaria alternata was observed on slices from control fruit. These results suggest that routine surface sterilization of tomato fruit prior to postharvest experimentation may lead to physiological and biochemical alterations in the behavior of fruit. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 13 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZK399 UT WOS:000073317000007 ER PT J AU Arnold, JW AF Arnold, JW TI Development of bacterial biofilms during poultry processing SO POULTRY AND AVIAN BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE bacteria; biofilms; poultry ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BROILER CARCASSES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MYXOCOCCUS-XANTHUS; STAINLESS-STEEL; MICROBIAL ATTACHMENT; CELLULOSE FIBRILS; CHLORINE DIOXIDE AB Research on the physical and chemical characteristics of bacterial attachment to surfaces during poultry processing presents the opportunity for reduction of pathogens and spoilage organisms and for prevention of biofilm formation. Processing poultry meat products causes broiler carcasses to come in contact with many solid surfaces. Bacteria from the carcasses can attach to wet equipment surfaces, form biofilms, and provide a ready source of cross-contamination for subsequent carcasses. When bacterial cells initially attach to a surface, they can produce extracellular polymers that anchor the cells and provide a favorable environment for the growth and attachment of more bacteria, other microbes and debris. The surface properties of bacterial species within a biofilm vary considerably and may be related to their function within the community. Equipment and plant surface materials differ in affinity for bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. The surface structures and kinetics for attachment of bacteria was followed as biofilms developed on the equipment surface materials. As bacteria accumulated on the test surfaces, they exhibited typical phenotypic properties of biofilm formation. An increasingly complex extracellular matrix of fibrils and debris connected individual cells, and many bacteria aligned in side-to-side arrangements. An increased understanding of bacterial attachment and biofilm formation will enable us to develop interventions to counteract these processes and thereby enhance plant sanitation practices and pathogen control. C1 USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 61 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81,, NORTHWOOD, MIDDX, ENGLAND HA6 3DN SN 1357-048X J9 POULT AVIAN BIOL REV JI Poult. Avian Biol. Rev. PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZT570 UT WOS:000074101100001 ER PT J AU Vesonder, RF Wu, WD AF Vesonder, RF Wu, WD TI Correlation of moniliformin, but not fumonisin B-1 levels, in culture materials of Fusarium isolates to acute death in ducklings SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mycotoxin; moniliformin; fumonisin; Fusarium; duckling ID BROILER-CHICKENS; VAR-SUBGLUTINANS; TURKEY POULTS; TOXICITY; CORN AB Five isolates of Fusarium moniliforme and two isolates Fusarium proliferatum of the Section Liseola were each fermented on rice for 21 d at 25 C. Each Fusarium-fermented rice, when dried and mixed into a poultry diet (10% by weight), caused a varied degree of acute mortality in baby Pekin ducklings. The acute (death in less than 48 h) mortality correlated significantly only to the amount of moniliformin in fermented rice, thus in the diet, but not to the amount of fumonisin B-1 in fermented rice. This correlation of moniliformin concentration and noncorrelation of fumonisin B-1 concentrations to acute toxicity were confirmed by duckling assay using diets containing these purified mycotoxins. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Vesonder, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 77 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA YT460 UT WOS:000071605800010 PM 9469753 ER PT S AU Achterberg, C Agrotou, A Al-Othaimeen, A Aro, A Blumberg, J Buzzard, M Chen, CM Dagher, S Gibney, M Kimiagar, SM Kodyat, B Larue, D Mendez, ER Mills, CF Moussa, W Oniang'o, R Rosenberg, IH Schneeman, BO Truswell, AS Tontisirin, K Uauy, R Wahlqvist, ML Avraam, D Dina, A Markidou, E Yiannopoulos, S Bailey, KV Buzina, R Clay, WD Clugston, GA Darnton-Hill, I El Raey, S Lupien, JR Nishida, C Verster, A AF Achterberg, C Agrotou, A Al-Othaimeen, A Aro, A Blumberg, J Buzzard, M Chen, CM Dagher, S Gibney, M Kimiagar, SM Kodyat, B Larue, D Mendez, ER Mills, CF Moussa, W Oniang'o, R Rosenberg, IH Schneeman, BO Truswell, AS Tontisirin, K Uauy, R Wahlqvist, ML Avraam, D Dina, A Markidou, E Yiannopoulos, S Bailey, KV Buzina, R Clay, WD Clugston, GA Darnton-Hill, I El Raey, S Lupien, JR Nishida, C Verster, A CA FAO WHO GP WHO WHO TI Preparation and use of food-based dietary guidelines SO PREPARATION AND USE OF FOOD-BASED DIETARY GUIDELINES SE WHO Technical Report Series LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; FOLLOW-UP; VITAMIN-E; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; 20-YEAR MORTALITY; IRON-DEFICIENCY; GLYCEMIC INDEX; BREAST-CANCER; ENERGY-INTAKE C1 Penn State Univ, Nutr Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Minist Hlth, Nicosia, Cyprus. King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Nutr, Helsinki, Finland. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Nutr Coordinating Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Biol, Beirut, Lebanon. St James Hosp, Trinity Coll, Sch Med, Dept Clin Med, Dublin 8, Ireland. Natl Nutr & Food Technol Res Inst, Tehran, Iran. Minist Hlth, Directorate Community Nutr, Jakarta, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Victoria, Seychelles. Minist Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Minist Commerce, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. Inst Nutr, Cairo, Egypt. Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr & Technol, Board Postgrad Studies, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Davis, CA USA. Univ Sydney, Dept Biochem, Human Nutr Unit, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Mahidol Univ, Inst Nutr, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Santiago, Chile. Monash Univ, Monash Med Ctr, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. State Gen Lab, Nicosia, Cyprus. Nicosia Gen Hosp, Nicosia, Cyprus. State Gen Lab, Nutr Lab, Nicosia, Cyprus. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. FAO, Food & Nutr Div, I-00100 Rome, Italy. WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. WHO, Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Alexandria, Egypt. RP Achterberg, C (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Nutr Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 171 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0512-3054 BN 92-4-120880-5 J9 WHO TECH REP SER JI WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. PY 1998 VL 880 BP 1 EP + PG 108 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BM45H UT WOS:000078780700001 ER PT J AU Losinger, WC Bush, EJ Smith, MA Corso, BA AF Losinger, WC Bush, EJ Smith, MA Corso, BA TI An analysis of mortality in the grower/finisher phase of swine production in the United States SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE morbidity and mortality in pigs; grower/finisher pigs; weaning; USA ID HEALTH-MONITORING-SYSTEM; HERDS; PIGS; DISEASE AB Over a 6-month period, the mean mortality risk (based on 393 operations participating in the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1995 National Swine Study, and representing operations with greater than or equal to 300 market bogs in 16 states), was 2.3 +/- 0.2% in the grower/finisher production phase (where figures after the +/- represent the standard error of the estimate). Mortality greater than or equal to 4% was experienced by 13.5 +/- 2.9% of grower/finisher operations, while 63.6 +/- 5.3% had less than or equal to 2% mortality. To identify factors associated with greater than or equal to 4% mortality, stepwise logistic regression [Statistical Analysis Systems, 1989. SAS/STAT(R) User's Guide, Version 6, 4th edn, Vol. 2. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 794 pp.] was performed twice: once using operations with all mortality rates, and again excluding operations with between 2% and 4% mortality. Final models were run with SUDAAN [Shah, B.V., Barnwell, B.G., Bieler, G.S., 1996. SUDAAN User's Manual, Version 6.40, 2nd edn. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 492 pp.] to take the sample design into account. In addition, SAS and SUDAAN logistic regression models were developed to analyze factors associated with > 2.3% mortality among grower/finisher pigs. Mean weaning age less than or equal to 28 days entered all models as being associated with increased mortality in the grower/finisher unit. Not obtaining all grower/finisher pigs from farrowing units belonging to the operation was associated with greater than or equal to 4% mortality among grower/finisher swine. Not typically giving grower/finisher pigs antibiotics or other agents as disease-preventives or growth-promotants in the feed or water, and ranking producer organizations as very or extremely important sources of antibiotic information were associated with less than or equal to 2.3% mortality in the grower/finisher phase. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Losinger, WC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, 555 S Howes St,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM wlosinger@aphis.usda.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1-4 BP 121 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(97)00052-4 PG 25 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YV510 UT WOS:000071832300010 PM 9500169 ER PT S AU Sun, G McNulty, SG AF Sun, G McNulty, SG GP INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC TI Modeling soil erosion and transport on forest landscape SO PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 29 - INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference 29 of the International-Erosion-Control-Association on Winning Solutions for Risky Problems CY FEB 16-20, 1998 CL RENO, NV SP Int Eros Control Assoc AB Century-long studies on the impacts of forest management in North America suggest sediment can cause major reduction on stream water quality. Soil erosion patterns in forest watersheds are patchy and heterogeneous. Therefore, patterns of soil erosion are difficult to model and predict. The objective of this study is to develop a user-friendly management tool for land managers to design forest management activities (e.g., road building, prescribed burning) that may minimize water quality impacts. This system has the capability to predict long-term soil erosion and sediment transport from hillslopes to stream networks under different climate conditions and forest management scenarios. A Geographic Information System (GIS) coupled with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model was used to facilitate database development, manipulation, and output display. The 1140 ha watershed was divided into 30 x 30 m grid cells and gross soil erosion was first predicted by the USLE model for each cell. The Arc/Info GIS utilities are employed to calculate the total mass of sediment moving from each cell to the nearest stream network. Field measurements were used to develop sediment movement routing functions. This study concluded that poorly managed roads are the main source of sediment in a forested watershed. The spatial location of forest roads affected sediment contribution to streams. C1 US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, 1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1998 VL 29 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK89F UT WOS:000073814100015 ER PT S AU Sick, G Allen, D McGee, BD Walker, R AF Sick, G Allen, D McGee, BD Walker, R GP INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC TI One government - Getting the most for your resource management dollar SO PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 29 - INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference 29 of the International-Erosion-Control-Association on Winning Solutions for Risky Problems CY FEB 16-20, 1998 CL RENO, NV SP Int Eros Control Assoc AB Long before "government reinvention" became the mission of the Clinton administration many federal agencies had found ways to work with each other to accomplish day to day tasks as well as special projects. Cooperation was not uncommon! In South Carolina at the Savannah River Site, a Department of Energy facility, and at Fort Jackson, a Department of Defense facility, there are long-standing, model programs for collaboration. These programs demonstrate the efficiencies of interagency resource management and should be implemented at other federal facilities. The longest term of these arrangements is between the USDA Forest Service and the Department of Energy at the Savannah River Site. The original agreement, signed in 1952, charged the Forest Service with reforesting the mostly open 80,000 hectare site. Since 1952 the agreement has evolved to comprehensive natural resource management including erosion control, research, timber harvest, education, threatened and endangered species management and other activities. Also at the Savannah River Site the USDA Soil Conservation Service (now NRCS) entered into an agreement with the Department of Energy to conduct an inventory and prepare the soil survey. This agreement too has continuously evolved, and now includes responsibility for inventories, field assistance, erosion control, and storm water management. At Fort Jackson (21,000 hectares) the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and USDA Forest Service are providing daily support to the Army. The NRCS began working on critically eroding areas of the fort in 1991, and has now extended its agreement with the Army indefinitely. For about the same period the Forest Service has assisted with prescribed burning and endangered species management. The Departments of Energy and Defense are tapping the most experienced natural resource management agencies in federal government for quality personnel rather than developing their own. Both Fort Jackson and the Savannah River Site are undergoing mission changes and modernization. Each covers a large land base rich in natural resources. The potential environmental effects from day-to-day operations as well as modernization are substantial. Through these cooperative arrangements the managing agencies are able to obtain expert guidance for environmental controls on new projects as well as project design and implementation for sediment and erosion control. These "on-loan" employees have their parent organizations to support them when needed. They also learn new management objectives and approaches from their host agency. We believe these types of arrangements are under-utilized; that there are many opportunities for further collaboration. This poster displays information about the history of this collaboration, lists some representative program and project costs, and displays successful project implementation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Sick, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Savannah River Site,POB 710, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1998 VL 29 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK89F UT WOS:000073814100039 ER PT S AU Levick, LR Lane, LJ Nichols, MH AF Levick, LR Lane, LJ Nichols, MH GP INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC TI Linking GIS and a hydrologic model for runoff prediction in ungaged watersheds SO PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 29 - INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference 29 of the International-Erosion-Control-Association on Winning Solutions for Risky Problems CY FEB 16-20, 1998 CL RENO, NV SP Int Eros Control Assoc C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1998 VL 29 BP 499 EP 501 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK89F UT WOS:000073814100040 ER PT B AU Snellgrove, T AF Snellgrove, T BE Flinn, D Dolman, G Haines, R Karjalainen, U Raison, J TI Productive capacity SO PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: FOSTERING STAKEHOLDER INPUT TO ADVANCE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFICALLY-BASED INDICATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management CY AUG 24-28, 1998 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Victorian Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Ctr Forest Tree Technol C1 USDA Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Snellgrove, T (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Res & Dev, 14th & Endependence SW,POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION FORESTRY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS PI VIENNA PA SCHOENBRUNN, A-1131 VIENNA, AUSTRIA PY 1998 BP 52 EP 53 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQ89S UT WOS:000089944500009 ER PT B AU Selhub, J Jacques, PF Bostom, AG Rosenberg, IH AF Selhub, J Jacques, PF Bostom, AG Rosenberg, IH BE Fitzpatrick, DW Anderson, JE LAbbe, ML TI Total plasma homocysteine and vitamin status SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF NUTRITION - NUTRITION MONTREAL 97: FROM NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE TO NUTRITION PRACTICE FOR BETTER GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress of Nutrition CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Nat Res Council Canada, Agr Inst Canada, Canadian Inst Food Sci & Technol, Canadian Soc Nutr Sci, Dietitians Canada, Int Union Nutr Sci DE homocysteine; hyperhomocysteinemia; nutritional determinants ID FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; COMMON MUTATION; METHIONINE; RATS C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FEDERATION BIOLOGICALSOCIETIES PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA, ON, CANADA PY 1998 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP22W UT WOS:000084442600009 ER PT B AU Taylor, A AF Taylor, A BE Fitzpatrick, DW Anderson, JE LAbbe, ML TI Nutritional and environmental influences on risk for cataract SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF NUTRITION - NUTRITION MONTREAL 97: FROM NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE TO NUTRITION PRACTICE FOR BETTER GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress of Nutrition CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Nat Res Council Canada, Agr Inst Canada, Canadian Inst Food Sci & Technol, Canadian Soc Nutr Sci, Dietitians Canada, Int Union Nutr Sci DE antioxidants; ascorbate; carotenoids; tocopherols ID BEAVER DAM EYE; ASCORBIC-ACID; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LENS OPACITIES; AQUEOUS-HUMOR; OXYGEN; PREVALENCE; NUCLEAR; PREVENTION C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FEDERATION BIOLOGICALSOCIETIES PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA, ON, CANADA PY 1998 BP 111 EP 115 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP22W UT WOS:000084442600039 ER PT B AU King, JC AF King, JC BE Fitzpatrick, DW Anderson, JE LAbbe, ML TI From experiment to reality - Accounting for body size, dietary patterns, and environmental factors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF NUTRITION - NUTRITION MONTREAL 97: FROM NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE TO NUTRITION PRACTICE FOR BETTER GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress of Nutrition CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Nat Res Council Canada, Agr Inst Canada, Canadian Inst Food Sci & Technol, Canadian Soc Nutr Sci, Dietitians Canada, Int Union Nutr Sci DE customized recommendations; physiological factors; genetic factors; environment factors C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FEDERATION BIOLOGICALSOCIETIES PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA, ON, CANADA PY 1998 BP 161 EP 163 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP22W UT WOS:000084442600055 ER PT B AU Miller, MA AF Miller, MA BE Fitzpatrick, DW Anderson, JE LAbbe, ML TI Quality control and safety of animal products SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF NUTRITION - NUTRITION MONTREAL 97: FROM NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE TO NUTRITION PRACTICE FOR BETTER GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress of Nutrition CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Nat Res Council Canada, Agr Inst Canada, Canadian Inst Food Sci & Technol, Canadian Soc Nutr Sci, Dietitians Canada, Int Union Nutr Sci DE food safety; animal products; veterinary drug residues C1 USDA, Ctr Vet Med, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, Human Food Safety & Consultat Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Vet Med, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, Human Food Safety & Consultat Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FEDERATION BIOLOGICALSOCIETIES PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA, ON, CANADA PY 1998 BP 192 EP 194 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP22W UT WOS:000084442600067 ER PT B AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, B BE Fitzpatrick, DW Anderson, JE LAbbe, ML TI Significance of habitual calcium and vitamin D intakes to postmenopausal risk of osteoporosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF NUTRITION - NUTRITION MONTREAL 97: FROM NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE TO NUTRITION PRACTICE FOR BETTER GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress of Nutrition CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Nat Res Council Canada, Agr Inst Canada, Canadian Inst Food Sci & Technol, Canadian Soc Nutr Sci, Dietitians Canada, Int Union Nutr Sci DE calcium; vitamin D; osteoporosis; bone mineral density ID HORMONE-REPLACEMENT THERAPY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ELDERLY WOMEN; D SUPPLEMENTATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; FRACTURES; TRIAL; PREVENTION; TURNOVER; MARKERS C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FEDERATION BIOLOGICALSOCIETIES PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA, ON, CANADA PY 1998 BP 213 EP 215 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP22W UT WOS:000084442600075 ER PT B AU Holden, JM West, C AF Holden, JM West, C BE Fitzpatrick, DW Anderson, JE LAbbe, ML TI Progress in food composition training SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF NUTRITION - NUTRITION MONTREAL 97: FROM NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE TO NUTRITION PRACTICE FOR BETTER GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress of Nutrition CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Nat Res Council Canada, Agr Inst Canada, Canadian Inst Food Sci & Technol, Canadian Soc Nutr Sci, Dietitians Canada, Int Union Nutr Sci DE food composition; training; INFOODS model C1 USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Holden, JM (reprint author), USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FEDERATION BIOLOGICALSOCIETIES PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA, ON, CANADA PY 1998 BP 308 EP 309 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP22W UT WOS:000084442600111 ER PT B AU Kennedy, E AF Kennedy, E BE Fitzpatrick, DW Anderson, JE LAbbe, ML TI The special supplemental food program for women, infants and children: Influence of monitoring and evaluation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF NUTRITION - NUTRITION MONTREAL 97: FROM NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE TO NUTRITION PRACTICE FOR BETTER GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress of Nutrition CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Nat Res Council Canada, Agr Inst Canada, Canadian Inst Food Sci & Technol, Canadian Soc Nutr Sci, Dietitians Canada, Int Union Nutr Sci DE food security; nutritional status; supplemental foods ID BIRTH-WEIGHT C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Kennedy, E (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN FEDERATION BIOLOGICALSOCIETIES PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA, ON, CANADA PY 1998 BP 342 EP 345 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP22W UT WOS:000084442600123 ER PT B AU Bailey, JS AF Bailey, JS GP CORNELL UNIV, AGR EXPTL STN CORNELL UNIV, AGR EXPTL STN TI Reduction of bacterial contamination of poultry products SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 CORNELL NUTRITION CONFERENCE FOR FEED MANUFACTURERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers CY OCT 20-22, 1998 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP Cornell Univ, Agr Exptl Stn, Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Nutr Sci C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bailey, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 USA PY 1998 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BL92G UT WOS:000077153100009 ER PT B AU Lacy, DM Charles, S Gardner-Baasch, D Barbieri, M AF Lacy, DM Charles, S Gardner-Baasch, D Barbieri, M BE Vogelsong, HG TI Archaeology at Aldrichville: An education and recreation partnership SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 05-07, 1998 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Pennsylvania State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Woprking Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, W Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ AB Archaeological field work requires specific training in some scientific methods. For enthused volunteers of all ages, however, it is also a recreational experience. For two weeks during the summer of 1997 26 students (ages 10-14) shared this experience at an educational summer camp called ''Relics and Ruins". The camp was co-sponsored by the non-profilt Hayes Foundation and the Green Mountain National Forest. It focussed on the long-abandoned, turn-of-the-century logging mill village of Aldrichville, located along the present-day Long and Appalachian Trails. Student activities were designed to reveal aspects of the villagers' 100-year-old life-style, and included performing period songs and dances, doing art projects in the class room (as well as sketches and watercolors in the woods), training in field and laboratory photography, examining deed and census records with the town clerk, and spending half of each day doing archaeology in the field. Feedback from students and their parents confirmed that these "educational" activities were recreational as well, while staff observed that this was a fun and tangible way to promote site stewardship and a sense of local history. The success of this "first annual" field school was due, in part, to the attractiveness of an alternative summer camp experience and the strength of our Partnership. We share this experience to encourage others to take advantage of public/private partnership opportunities to promote education and site stewardship through recreation. Agencies, educational institutions, and the public can all benefit from the resulting synergy. C1 USDA, Green Mt Natl Forest, Rutland, VT 05701 USA. RP Lacy, DM (reprint author), USDA, Green Mt Natl Forest, 231 N Main St, Rutland, VT 05701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1998 VL 255 BP 46 EP 47 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM87C UT WOS:000079971600009 ER PT B AU Absher, JD AF Absher, JD BE Vogelsong, HG TI The utility of a uses and gratifications approach to assess the information needs of forest visitors: An activity-based market segmentation test SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 05-07, 1998 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Pennsylvania State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Woprking Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, W Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ AB Recent research into information needs of recreationists has identified rational choice models as one approach to better understand the roles that various information sources play in visitors' experiences. Previously reported Uses and Gratification (U&G) scales are assessed alongside more traditional explanatory variables for their ability to discriminate activity-based market segments. Data are from a study of 356 summer visitors to the San Bernardino National Forest. Selected independent variables are used in stepwise discriminant analysis to test their ability to explain recreation use segments. The analysis shows that the four U&G scales are useful in distinguishing activity groups in a way that complements traditional sociodemographic or use variables. The analysis also shows that there are some limitations to the U&G approach, at least as it was implemented here. Suggestions are made for further research needed to resolve some of these issues. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. RP Absher, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1998 VL 255 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM87C UT WOS:000079971600019 ER PT B AU More, TA AF More, TA BE Vogelsong, HG TI Pricing public-sector recreation: A functionalist perspective SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 05-07, 1998 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Pennsylvania State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Woprking Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, W Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ ID IMPACT; FEES AB In the late 20th century, the American recreation estate, from core city parks to remote wilderness areas, is increasingly managed on a pay-as-you-go basis. However, while the current economy looks magnificent in tote, the distribution of wealth has changed dramatically over the past 30 years. Consequently, many Americans have reduced ability to pay, raising questions about equity in public-sector recreation management. These questions can be addressed only when we gain a clear understanding of the public purposes-or functions-of public-sector recreation management. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP More, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1998 VL 255 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM87C UT WOS:000079971600022 ER PT B AU Dennis, DF AF Dennis, DF BE Vogelsong, HG TI Do resource managers differ from the public in their preferences for management alternatives? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 05-07, 1998 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Pennsylvania State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Woprking Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, W Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ ID DESIGN; CHOICE AB A conjoint ranking survey was designed to solicit preferences for various levels of timber harvesting, wildlife habitats, hiking trails, snowmobile use, and off-road-vehicle access on the Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont. The survey, in which respondents chose between multiple-objective alternatives, was completed by 76 respondents during public involvement sessions and by 32 personnel from the Green Mountain National Forest. Market segmentation techniques are used to compare the preference structures of resource managers with those of the public. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Dennis, DF (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1998 VL 255 BP 130 EP 135 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM87C UT WOS:000079971600026 ER PT B AU Glass, RJ Stevens, TH More, TA AF Glass, RJ Stevens, TH More, TA BE Vogelsong, HG TI Incorporating broad-based values into natural resource decisionmaking: Conceptual and measurement challenges SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 05-07, 1998 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Pennsylvania State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Woprking Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, W Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ ID EXISTENCE VALUES; WILDLIFE; SURPLUS AB Optimal resource allocation requires meaningful measures of the values involved. Traditionally, resource managers have relied on economic values or surrogate measures of economic value such as willingness to pay. However, many commodities with which natural resource managers must deal are common property resources that lie outside traditional markets and are not suited to neoclassical economic analysis. This paper reviews the different conceptions of value and valuation techniques that have been developed to incorporate broad-based public values into decisionmaking. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Forest Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Glass, RJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Forest Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1998 VL 255 BP 204 EP 209 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM87C UT WOS:000079971600040 ER PT B AU Dwyer, JF Marsinko, A Fisher, J AF Dwyer, JF Marsinko, A Fisher, J BE Vogelsong, HG TI Trends in participation rates for wildlife-associated outdoor recreation activities by gender and race/ethnicity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 05-07, 1998 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Pennsylvania State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Woprking Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, W Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ AB In response to recent interest in trends in outdoor recreation participation by gender, this study looks at trends in the proportion of men and women participating in wildlife-associated recreation activities (i.e., participation rates) between 1980-1990. While differences in participation rates between men and women vary a great deal by activity and racial/ethnic group, there appears to be a general trend of men and women moving to more similar participation rates across a wide range of wildlife associated recreation activities as time passes. The rate of change varies by activity and racial/ethnic group. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60202 USA. RP Dwyer, JF (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 845 Chicago Ave,Suite 225, Evanston, IL 60202 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1998 VL 255 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM87C UT WOS:000079971600041 ER PT B AU Wadzinski, L AF Wadzinski, L BE Vogelsong, HG TI Trailing Indiana: Mud, manure and money; A dual agency effort in dealing with statewide trail issues SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 05-07, 1998 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Pennsylvania State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Woprking Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, W Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ AB As a state with less than 3% of the land base in public ownership, the demand for outdoor recreation opportunities in Indiana is extremely intense. Trail users made up of horse riders, mountain bikers, hikers, and off-highway vehicle users compete for scarce resources, thus presenting formable challenges to the agencies charged with providing such opportunities. Separate, but coordinated trail planning efforts by the US Forest Service and Indiana Department of Natural Resources helped to meet these challenges. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Hoosier Natl Forest, Bedford, IN 47421 USA. RP Wadzinski, L (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Hoosier Natl Forest, 811 Constitut Ave, Bedford, IN 47421 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1998 VL 255 BP 251 EP 252 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM87C UT WOS:000079971600049 ER PT S AU Bauer, PJ DuRant, JA Frederick, JR AF Bauer, PJ DuRant, JA Frederick, JR BE Keisling, TC TI A comparison of tillage systems for within-field variability of cotton yield and fiber properties SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST ANNUAL SOUTHERN CONSERVATION TILLAGE CONFERENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SE ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION SPECIAL REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Southern Conservation Tillage Conference for Sustainable Agriculture CY JUL 15-17, 1998 CL NORTH LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Amer Cyanamid, DuPont Agr Prod, Monsanto, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Zeneca Agr Prod, Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Agr, Expt Station, 1890 Cooperat Extens Program AB There is considerable variability for lint yield within cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in the south-eastern Coastal Plain. The objective of this experiment was to determine if soil management techniques and in-furrow application of an insecticide/nematicide influence the amount of variability in cotton yield and fiber properties. Treatments in the study were tillage (conservation vs. conventional) and aldicarb application (1.07 Ib ai/acre vs. none). In 1997,'DPL Acala 90' was planted into large plots (ranging in length from approximately 400 to 800 ft, plots were six 38-in.-wide rows) that spanned across several soil map units. Two harvesting methods were used to determine variability. First, the large plots were subdivided into 44-ft-long sections, and two of the rows in each section were harvested with a spindle picker. Second, a 6-ft sample was hand-harvested from each of three soil map units (Bonneau sand, Eunola loamy sand and Norfolk loamy sand) within each plot. Neither aldicarb application nor tillage system affected the variability for yield or micronaire among the machine-harvested samples. Variability for fiber length was less in conservation tillage than in conventional tillage only when aldicarb was applied. For fiber strength, conservation tillage had lower variability than conventional tillage for the plots without aldicarb. Soil map unit was responsible for much of the variation in yield, with the Bonneau sand having lower yield than the other two soil map units. Variability for fiber properties was less than variability for yield. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. Clemson Univ, Florence, SC USA. RP Bauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI FAYETTEVILLE PA UNIV ARKANSAS, DIV AGRICULTURE, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0571-0189 J9 ARKANSAS AES SPEC RE PY 1998 IS 186 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BL39C UT WOS:000075355400001 ER PT S AU Busscher, WJ Bauer, PJ AF Busscher, WJ Bauer, PJ BE Keisling, TC TI Soil strength in rye and fallow winter cover in the southeastern Coastal Plain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST ANNUAL SOUTHERN CONSERVATION TILLAGE CONFERENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SE ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION SPECIAL REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Southern Conservation Tillage Conference for Sustainable Agriculture CY JUL 15-17, 1998 CL NORTH LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Amer Cyanamid, DuPont Agr Prod, Monsanto, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Zeneca Agr Prod, Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Agr, Expt Station, 1890 Cooperat Extens Program AB On sandy coastal subsurface hardpan soils, cover crops have the potential to prevent erosion and scavenge nutrients. Our objective was to determine the effect of cover crops and tillage on soil strength and cotton yield. Treatments were surface tillage (disked or none), deep tillage tin-row subsoiled or none) and cover crop (rye or fallow). Soil strength (cone index) differences were measured for tillage treatments (deep tilled < none), depth (higher strength in the pan) and position across the row tin row < non-wheel track < wheel track). Lower cone indices were found in the non-tilled rye cover, suggesting that the cover helped maintain low strengths. Higher cone indices in the disked treatments suggested that the disking aided recompaction. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI FAYETTEVILLE PA UNIV ARKANSAS, DIV AGRICULTURE, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0571-0189 J9 ARKANSAS AES SPEC RE PY 1998 IS 186 BP 13 EP 15 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BL39C UT WOS:000075355400002 ER PT S AU Hubbs, MD Reeves, DW Mitchell, CC AF Hubbs, MD Reeves, DW Mitchell, CC BE Keisling, TC TI Measuring soil quality on the 'old rotation' SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST ANNUAL SOUTHERN CONSERVATION TILLAGE CONFERENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SE ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION SPECIAL REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Southern Conservation Tillage Conference for Sustainable Agriculture CY JUL 15-17, 1998 CL NORTH LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Amer Cyanamid, DuPont Agr Prod, Monsanto, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Zeneca Agr Prod, Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Agr, Expt Station, 1890 Cooperat Extens Program AB Low residue-producing crops such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), especially when grown in monoculture, are detrimental to soil quality. Cover crops, crop rotations with legumes and high-residue crops can improve soil quality. The 'Old Rotation' (1896) is the oldest continuous cotton experiment in the world and includes rotations and winter legume cover crops in cotton production systems. There are six treatments in the 'Old Rotation': a three-year rotation of cotton and grain crops plus a winter legume cover crop; two fertilizer treatments (with and without N fertilizer) imposed on a two-year rotation of cotton and a grain crop plus a winter legume cover crop; and three continuous cotton cropping systems (with N fertilizer, without N or N supplied from a winter legume cover crop). Because of the uniqueness of 'Old Rotation' and the current interest in soil quality, the specific objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of rotations on soil qualify after 100 years; 2) to evaluate the USDA Soil Quality Kit and compare results with standard procedures for selected indicators; and 3) to develop a baseline of soil quality indicators to monitor change. After 100 years, soil quality was better for the three-year rotation and the two-year rotation plus N due to higher soil C (1.3 and 1.1%, respectively, compared to a mean of 0.8% for others). The three-year rotation had higher percentage water stable aggregates (64% compared to a range of 34 to 53% for other treatments). Cation exchange capacity was highest for the three-year rotation and the two-year rotation (5.5 and 5.4 cmol(c)/kg, respectively, compared to a mean of 4.4 cmol(c)/kg for other treatments). Soil strength was lowest (six bars) for the three-year rotation while continuous cotton without a cover crop or N had the highest soil strength in the top 4 in. of the plow layer. Kit measurements had higher variability relative to standard procedures. Soil moisture was greater at the time Kit measurements were taken and fewer samples were used, which may explain increased variability. The Kit can be used to evaluate trends and comparisons but should not be used in place of standard procedures for research. Information from this study will set a baseline for soil quality indicators for the 'Old Rotation', and future studies will measure the differences in soil quality as a result of the conversion to conservation tillage in 1997. C1 USDA, NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hubbs, MD (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI FAYETTEVILLE PA UNIV ARKANSAS, DIV AGRICULTURE, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0571-0189 J9 ARKANSAS AES SPEC RE PY 1998 IS 186 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BL39C UT WOS:000075355400012 ER PT B AU Rice, RM AF Rice, RM BE Ziemer, RR TI Why Caspar Creek - Then and now? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA AB The results of every watershed experiment are a unique combination of the site the weather, the questions asked the quality of the data produced, and the quality of the analysis made of those data, These results narrow the scope of the environmental debate, but they! will not alter the value systems of the debaters. By availing themselves of the available scientific information, both sides ran make their cases more persuasive to the courts, to the regulators, and perhaps to the public. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA USA. RP Rice, RM (reprint author), 44 Robert Court E, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 11 EP 13 PG 3 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900003 ER PT B AU Ziemer, RR AF Ziemer, RR BE Ziemer, RR TI Flooding and stormflows SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA ID OREGON; CALIFORNIA AB The effects of road building and timber harvest on storm flow were evaluated at the North and South Forks of Caspar Creek in north coastal California. From 1963 through 1975, a total of 174 storms that produced peak discharges larger than 0.016 L s(-1) ha(-1) in the untreated North Fork were studied. Storms producing flows this size and larger occur about 14 rimes each year and about 10 percent of the time. They are responsible for 83 percent of the annual water discharge and transport 99 percent of the suspended sediment. Selection cutting and tractor yarding second-growth redwood and Douglas-fir in the 424-ha South Fork did not significantly change peak streamflows that occur about eight times a year - those larger than about 1 L. s(-1) ha(-1) . For flows smaller than 1 L s(-1) ha(-1), the first peaks in the fall increased by 300 percent after logging The effect of logging on peakflow was best predicted by the percent of arm logged divided by the sequential storm number, beginning with the first storm in the fall. For example, the second storm of the fall produced half the response to logging than the first storm. In 1985, the second stage of the Caspar Creek study began with the installation of an additional 13 gaging stations in the North Fork. From 1985 through 1996, 59 storms and 526 peak flow events were measured There was a mean peak flow increase of 35 percent in entirely clearcut and 16 percent in partially clearcut tributary watersheds for the class of flows greater than 4 L s(-1) ha(-1) - those that occur less frequently than twice a year. When the unlogged South Fork was used as the control, peak streamflows in the North Fork after clearcut logging were not significantly larger for flows greater than about 1 L s(-1) ha(-1), as was also observed after selection cutting the South Fork. However, when the more sensitive uncut North Fork tributaries were used as controls, an increase in peaks was detected at thf North Fork weir after logging. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Ziemer, RR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900004 ER PT B AU Keppeler, E Brown, D AF Keppeler, E Brown, D BE Ziemer, RR TI Subsurface drainage processes and management impacts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA AB Storm-induced streamflow in forested upland watersheds is linked to rainfall by transient, variably saturated flow through several different flow paths. In the absence of exposed bedrock, shallow flow-restrictive layers, or compacted soil surfaces, virtually all of the infiltrated rainfall reaches the stream as subsurface flow. Subsurface runoff an occur within micropores (voids between soil grains), various types of macropores (structural voids between aggregates, plant and animal-induced biopores), and through fractures in weathered and consolidated bedrock In addition to generating flow through the subsurface, transient rain events can also cause large increases in fluid pressures within a hillslope. If pore pressures Exceed stability limits of soils and shallow geologic materials, landslides and debris flows may result. Subsurface monitoring of pipeflows and pore pressures in unchanneled swales at North Fork Caspar Creek in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest began in 1985. Four sites have been established to investigate the effects of timber harvest (K1 and K2) and road building (E-road) for comparison with an unmanaged control drainage (M1). Flow through large soil pipes at these sites is highly transient in response to storm events, reaching peak discharges on the order of 100 to 1,000 L min(-1). Pore pressures at these sites also respond dynamically to transient rain events, but to dare have not exceeded slope stability limits. Most soil pipes cease flowing in the dry slimmer period and hillslope soil moisture declines to far below saturation, The clearcut logging and skyline-cable yarding of the K2 site resulted in dramatic increases in soil pipeflow and subsurface pore pressures. During the first 4 years after timber harvest, pore pressures increased 9 to 35 percent for the mean peak storm event in the control hll site. Peak soil pipeflow response wax far greater, increasing 400 percent in the 4-year postlogging period. These results suggest that the soil pipes are a critical component of subsurface hillslope drainage, acting to moderate the pore pressure response. As the subsoil matrix becomes saturated and pore pressures build, sail pipes efficiently, capture excess water and route it to the stream channel. This logging does not appear to have impaired the hillslope drainage function. Methods and results at the E-road site are quite different. Here, the mid-swale road construction and tractor yarding halle resulted in large changes in the pore pressure response. Positive pore pressures were negligible in the upper portion of this instrumented swale before disturbance. Subsequent to the road construction in May 1990, there was little indication of immediate impacts. But, after the completion of felling and tractor yarding in late summer 1991, dramatic changes in pore pressure response were observed beginning in hydrologic year 1993 and continuing to dare (1998). Largest pore pressure increases have occurred at sensor locations in and up slope of the road prism. Below the road, the response is muted. These data support previous studies documenting the profound effects of roading and tractor logging on watersheds and provide special insight into these effects for this region. C1 US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Keppeler, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 802 N Main St, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900005 ER PT B AU Keppeler, ET AF Keppeler, ET BE Ziemer, RR TI The summer flow and water yield response to timber harvest SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA ID FOG-DRIP; CALIFORNIA; OREGON AB Continuous measurement of streamflow at the Caspar Creek watersheds has led to several analyses of the effects of tao harvest methods (selection and clearcut) on summer flows and annual yield. Although all Caspar Creek analyses have indicated an increase in runoff after timber removal, the magnitude and duration of the response depend on the nature and extent of the logging and site preparation, climatic conditions, as well as the definition of the hydrologic parameter at issue. Regression analysis using a calibration period of 1963 to 1971 leas used to compare annual yield, summer flow volume, and minimum streamflow between the South Fork (SFC) and the North Fork (NFC) of Caspar Creek for a 35-year period Selection/tractor logging of the SFC increased annual yield by a maximum of 2,053 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1) during the seventh Ic,ater year after harvest began. Increased yields were observed beginning the second post-harvest year and averaged 15 percent or 932 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1). Following clearcut logging 50 percent of the NFC watershed, annual yield increased by as much as 1,032 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1) 8 years after logging and averaged 15 percent or 608 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1) beginning in file second postharvest year. Streamflow changes due to logging are most evident during the long, dry summer season typical of northwestern California. During this prolonged recession, zones of deep perennial saturation maintain streamflow (baseflow). Statistically significant summer flow enhancements were evident on the SFC for 7 years after logging. Subsequently, SFC summer yields Jell at or below pretreatment predictions. Although summer flow increases amounted to relatively minor changes in minimum discharge averaging only 0.25 L s(-1)km(-2) on SFC and 0.40 L s(-1)km(-2) on NFC, these enhancements are quite substantial in comparison to pretreatment summer low flows. Minimum discharge increases averaged 38 percent after the SFC selection logging and 148 percent after the NFC harvest and site preparation. NFC flow enhancements persist through hydrologic year 1997 with no recovery trend, as yet. After logging, reduced interception and evapotranspiration allow for additional water to be storm in the soil and routed to streams as summer baseflow. At Caspar Creek, enhanced soil moisture in rile rooting zone followed timber han est in the NFC clearcut units. Previously intermittent stream reaches and soil pipes became perennial. The larger increases in minimum flows observed on the NFC are probably to be due to wetter soils in the clearcut units where little vegetation exists to use this enhanced moisture. On the selectively rut SFC, mature residual forest vegetation more readily exploited this additional soil moisture. Fog plays an important role in the regional ecology by moderating evapotranspiration. However, Caspar Creek data indicate that any possible postlogging loss of fog drip did not result in a net reduction in streamflow. Moisture savings die to reduced evapotranspiration appear to override any fog precipitation losses at this site. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Keppeler, ET (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, 802 N Main St, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900006 ER PT B AU Lewis, J AF Lewis, J BE Ziemer, RR TI Evaluating the impacts of logging activities on erosion and suspended sediment transport in the Caspar Creek watersheds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; TURBIDITY; ROADS AB Suspended sediment has been sampled at both the North and South Fork weirs of Caspar Creek in northwestern California since 1963, and at 13 tributary locations in the North Fork since 1986. The North Fork gaging station (NFC) was used as a control to evaluate the effects of logging in the South Fork, in the 1970's, on annual sediment loads. In the most conservative treatment of the data, suspended loans increased by 212 percent over the total predicted for a 6-yr period commencing with the onset of logging. When the roles of the watersheds were preserved and the same analysis repeated to evaluate harvesting in the North Fork under California Forest Practice Rules in the 1990's, no significant increase was found at NFC in either annual suspended or bed load With the am,ent of automatic pumping samplers, we were able to sample sediment concentration much more frequently in the 1980's. This allowed storm event loads from control watersheds in the North Fork to be used in a new regression analysis for NFC. According to this more sensitive analysis, for the 7-yr period commencing with the onset of logging, the sum of the suspended storm loads at NFC was 89 percent higher than that predicted for the undisturbed condition. The much greater increase after logging in the South Fork is too great to be Explained by differences in sampling methods and in water years, and appears to be the result of differences in roan alignment, yarding methods, and stream protection zones. Similar analyses of storm event loads for each of the treated subwatersheds in the North Fork suggested increased suspended loans in all but one of the tributaries, but effects were relatively small or absent at the main stern locations. Of watersheds with less than 50 percent cut, only one showed a highly significant increase. The greater increase in sediment at NFC, compared to other main-stem stations, is largely explained by a 3,600-m(3) landslide that occurred in 1995 in a subwatershed that drains into the main stem just above NFC. Differences among tributary responses can be explained in terms of channel conditions. Analysis of an aggregated model simultaneously fit to all of the data shows that sediment load increases are correlated with flow increases after lagging. Field evidence suggests that the increased flows, accompanied by soil disruption and intense burning, accelerated erosion of unbuffered stream banks and channel headward expansion. Windthrow along buffered streams also appears to be important as a source of both woody debris and sediment. All roads in the North Fork are located on upper slopes and do not appear to be a significant source of sediment reaching the channels. The aggregated model permitted evaluation of certain types of cumulative effects. Effects of multiple disturbances on suspended loans were approximately additive and, with one exception, downstream changes were no greater than would hare been expected from the proportion of area disturbed. A tendency for main-stem channels to yield higher unit-area suspended loads was also detected but after logging this was no longer the case in the North Fork of Caspar Creek. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Lewis, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 55 EP 69 PG 15 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900008 ER PT B AU Reid, LM Hilton, S AF Reid, LM Hilton, S BE Ziemer, RR TI Buffering the buffer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA ID SMALL STREAMS; WOODY DEBRIS; HABITAT; VEGETATION; OREGON; STRIPS; RIVER AB Riparian buffer strips are a widely ly accepted tool for helping to sustain aquatic ecosystems and to protect downstream resources and values in forested areas, but controversy persists over how wide a buffer strip is necessary. The physical integrity of stream channels is expected to be sustained if the characteristics and rates of tree fall along buffered reaches are similar to those in undisturbed forests. Although most tree;fall-related sediment and woody, debris inputs to Caspar Creek are generated by trees falling from within a free's height of the channel, about 30 percent of those tree falls are triggered by trees falling from upslope of the contributing tree suggesting that the core;one over which natural rates of tree fall would need to be sustained is wider than the one-tree-height's- height's previously assumed. Furthermore, an additional width of "fringe" buffer is necessary to sustain appropriate tree-Jail rates within the core buffer. Analysis of the distribution of tree falls in buffer strips and un - reentered stream side forests along the North Fork of Caspar Creek suggests that rates of tree fall are abnormally high for it distance of at least 200 m from a clearcut edge, a distance equivalent to nearly four times the current canopy height. The appropriate width of fringe buffer needed to protect the core zone will need to be determined using an analysis of the long-term effects and significance of accelerated tree-fall rates after logging. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Reid, LM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900009 ER PT B AU Lisle, TE Napolitano, MB AF Lisle, TE Napolitano, MB BE Ziemer, RR TI Effects of recent logging on the main channel of North Fork Caspar Creek SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA ID STREAMS AB The response of the mainstem channel of North Fork Caspar Creek to recent logging is examined by time trends in bed load yield, scour and fill at resurveyed cross sections, and the volume and fine-sediment content of pools. Companion papers report that recent logging has increased streamflow during the summer and moderate winter rainfall events,, and blowdowns from buffer strips have contributed more large woody debris. Changes in bed load yield were not detected despite a strong correlation between total scour and fill and annual effective discharge, perhaps because changes in stormflows were modest. The strongest responses are an increase in sediment storage and pool volume, particularly in the downstream portion of the channel along a buffer zone, where large woody debris (LWD) inputs are high. The association of high sediment storage and pool volume with large inputs of LWD is consistent with previous experiments in other watersheds, This suggests that improved habitat conditions after recent blowdowns will be followed in future decades by less favorable renditions as present LWD decays and input rates from depleted riparian sources in adjacent clearcuts and buffer zones decline. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Lisle, TE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900010 ER PT B AU Nakamoto, RJ AF Nakamoto, RJ BE Ziemer, RR TI Effects of timber harvest on aquatic vertebrates and habitat in the North Fork Caspar Creek SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; WOODY DEBRIS; CLEAR-CUT; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; BUFFER STRIPS; STREAMS; WASHINGTON; STEELHEAD AB I examined the relationships between timber han,est creek habitat, and vertebrate populations in the North and South Jerks of Caspar Creek. Habitat inventories suggested pool availability increased after the onset, of timber harvest activities. increased large woody debris in the channel was associated with an increase in the frequency of blowdown in the riparian buffer zone. This increase in large woody debris volume increased the availability of pools. No dramatic changes in the abundance of young-of-the-year steelhead yearling steelhead coho, or Pacific giant salamanders were directly related to logging. High interannual variation in the abundance of aquatic vertebrates made it difficult to contrast changes in abundance between pre-logging and post-logging periods. Changes in channel morphology associated with increased volume of large woody debris in the channel suggest that yearling steelhead coho, and Pacific giant salamanders may benefit from logging in the short-term because of increased living space. However, over a longer rime scale these conditions will probably not persist (Lisle and Napolitano, these proceedings). C1 US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Nakamoto, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900011 ER PT B AU Reid, LM AF Reid, LM BE Ziemer, RR TI Cumulative watershed effects: Caspar Creek and beyond SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA ID ANALYSIS PROGRAM; CALIFORNIA AB Cumulative effects are the combined effects of multiple activities, and watershed effects are those which involve processes of water transport. Almost all impacts are influenced by multiple activities, so almost all imparts must be evaluated as cumulative impacts rather than as individual impacts. Existing definitions suggest that to be significant, an impact must be reasonably expected to have occurred or to occur in the future, and it must be of societally validated concern to someone or influence their activities or options, Past approaches to evaluating and managing cumulative watershed impacts have not yet proved successful for averting these impacts, so interest has grown in how to regulate land-use activities to reverse existing impacts. Approaches being discussed include requirements for "zero net increase" of sediment, linkage of planned activities to mitigation of existing problems, use of more protective best management practices, and adoption of thresholds for either land-use intensity or impact level. Different kinds of cumulative impacts require different kinds of approaches for management. Efforts are underway to determine how best to evaluate the potential for cumulative impacts, and thus to provide a tool for preventing future impacts and for determining which management approaches are appropriate for each issue in an area. Future impact analysis methods probably will be based on strategies for watershed analysis. Analysis would need to consider areas large enough for the most important impacts to be evident; to evaluate time scalps long enough for the potential for impact accumulation to be identified; and to be interdisciplinary enough that interactions among diverse impact mechanisms can be understood. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Reid, LM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 117 EP 127 PG 11 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900014 ER PT B AU Ziemer, RR AF Ziemer, RR BE Ziemer, RR TI Monitoring watersheds and streams SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA AB Regulations increasingly require monitoring to detect changes roused by land management activities. Successful monitoring requires that objectives be clearly stated. Once objectives are clearly identified it is important to mop out all of the components and links that might affect the issues of concern. For each issue and each component that affects that issue, there are appropriate spatial and temporal scales to consider. These scales are nor consistent between and amongst one another. For many issues, unusual events are more important than average conditions. Any short-term monitoring program has a low probability of measuring rare events that may occur only once every 25 years or more. Regulations that are developed from observations of the consequences of small "normal" storms will likely be inadequate because the collected data will not include the critical geomorphic events that produce the physical and biological concerns. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Ziemer, RR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900015 ER PT B AU Rice, RM AF Rice, RM BE Ziemer, RR TI Where do we go from here? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. RP Rice, RM (reprint author), 44 Robert Court E, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 135 EP 136 PG 2 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900016 ER PT J AU Jensen, AS AF Jensen, AS TI Redescription of Macrosiphum impatientis (Williams), another rose aphid from eastern North America, with a key to related species (Hemiptera : Aphididae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; Macrosiphum; hosts; roses; Impatiens AB A poorly known species of aphid, Macrosiphum impatientis (Williams) is redescribed. Illustrations are provided, along with a key to North American Macrosiphum species with black siphunculi, and notes on biology and distribution. The potential of this species as a pest of roses is discussed. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jensen, AS (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Bldg 046,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 100 IS 1 BP 32 EP 42 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YW257 UT WOS:000071914200004 ER PT J AU Brown, JW AF Brown, JW TI Description of Strophotina, new genus, from Central and South America (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Neotropical; phylogeny; Euliini; systematics AB Strophotina, new genus, is described to accommodate S. strophota (Meyrick 1926), new combination, type species, from Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, and Ecuador, and S. curvidagus, new species, from Costa Rica. The new genus is most similar to Anopinella Powell, Seticosta Razowski, and Galomecalpa Razowski in general facies and characters of the genitalia. Strophotina may represent the sister group of Galomecalpa on the basis of the shared possession of extremely elongate, narrow, short-scaled socii; a short, uniformly slender uncus; and the absence of the male foreleg hairpencil. Putative autapomorphies for Strophotina include the greatly expanded patch of spinelike setae subbasally on the costa of the valva, the highly modified, elongate mesal processes of the transtilla, and the narrow, elongate, curved aedeagus. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 100 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YW257 UT WOS:000071914200005 ER PT J AU Carroll, LE AF Carroll, LE TI Description of the third instar larva of Ceratitis rosa Karsch (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Natal fruit fly; Mediterranean fruit fly; immatures; diagnostic characters; scanning electron microscopy; morphology AB The mature third instar larva of Ceratitis rosa Karsch is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from the larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), by the presence of a minute subapical tooth on the mandible, the shape of the anterior and posterior spiracles, and the shape of the cephalic segment. Numbers of oral ridges and anterior spiracular tubules are similar for the two species. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Carroll, LE (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 100 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YW257 UT WOS:000071914200008 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL AF Norrbom, AL TI A revision of the Anastrepha daciformis species group (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha; daciformis; species group; key; Neotropical; phylogeny AB The Anastrepha daciformis species group is revised. Thirteen species are recognized: A. antilliensis, n. sp, (Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic); A, aquila, n. sp, (Costa Pica), A. avispa, n. sp. (Costa Rica); A. bicolor (Stone) (s. Texas to Costa Rica); A. castanea, n. sp, (Argentina and Brazil (Mate Grosso do Sul)); A. daciformis Bezzi (s. Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina); A. katiyari, n, sp, (Venezuela); A. macrura Hendel (w. Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay, Brazil (Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte)); A. maculata, n, sp. (Virgin Is., Mona I.); A. murrayi, n. sp, (Jamaica); A. pallens Coquillett (s. Texas to Honduras and Fl Salvador); A. stonei Steyskal (Florida, Bahamas, Dominican Republic); A. zucchii, n, sp. (Brazil (Roraima)). A key to the species and an analysis of their phylogenetic relationships is presented and a diagnosis, description and illustrations of each species are provided. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 100 IS 1 BP 160 EP 192 PG 33 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YW257 UT WOS:000071914200017 ER PT B AU Pearson, JE Senne, DA Panigrahy, B AF Pearson, JE Senne, DA Panigrahy, B BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Avian influenza in the Western Hemisphere including the Pacific Basin 1992-1996 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Pearson, JE (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 14 EP 17 PG 4 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500003 ER PT B AU Panigrahy, B Senne, DA AF Panigrahy, B Senne, DA BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Subtypes of avian influenza virus isolated from exotic birds and ratites in the United States, 1992-1996. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC AB Between 1992 and 1996, avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from birds intended for importation into the United States and from emus and rheas. Subtypes of AIV isolated from passerine birds were H3N8, H4N6, and H7N1 (1992); H3N6, H4N2, H4N6, H7N1, and H7N8 (1993); H4N6 and H7N1 (1994); none (1995); and H3N6, H3N8, H4N6 and H4N8 (1996). Only one isolation of subtype H4N6 was made from a psittacine bird during this time. The AIV subtypes isolated from emus and rheas were H3N2 (1992); H4N2; H5N2, and H7N1 (1993); H4N6, H5N9, and H10N4 (1994); H7N3 (1995); and H7N3 and H10N7 (1996). All isolates were nonpathogenic for chickens. The deduced amino acid profile at the cleavage site of H5 or H7 hemagglutinin was consistent with that of nonpathogenic H5 and H7 subtypes except one H7 subtype isolated from pekin robins. The pekin robin isolate had four basic amino acids adjacent to the cleavage site, a profile found only in highly pathogenic AIV. Serologic studies showed that the ostriches, emus, and rheas had circulating antibodies to almost all H and N subtypes of AIV. C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Panigrahy, B (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Box 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 70 EP 75 PG 6 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500011 ER PT B AU Trock, SC AF Trock, SC BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Epidemiology of influenza in live bird markets and ratite farms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, Albany, NY USA. RP Trock, SC (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, 1 Winners Circle,Suite 100, Albany, NY USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500012 ER PT B AU Senne, DA Webster, RG AF Senne, DA Webster, RG BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Monoclonal antibody binding patterns as an epidemiologic tool SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; EMERGENCE; MEXICO AB A panel of 18 MABs to avian influenza (AI) A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2) was used to evaluate the antigenic properties of selected H5 isolates from North. America, especially the H5 virus that caused the outbreak of highly pathogenic Al (HPAI) in Mexico in 1994/1995. Results showed that 1) H5 viruses from Mexico were different from the H5 virus that caused the 1983 outbreak of HPAI in the United States, 2) antigenic variation was observed when early H5 isolates from different geographic areas in Mexico were analyzed suggesting that different subpopulations of virus evolved over time, 3) the Mexican H5 isolates were similar to H5 viruses isolated from shorebirds in 1991 and poultry in U.S. live-bird markets in 1993, and 4) a new strain of H5N2 virus was introduced into poultry in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) are used to study antigenic characteristics of important viruses such as Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and avian influenza virus (1,6,7,10,12). The unique ability of MABs to recognize specific epitopes makes them particularly useful in detecting minor antigenic differences between closely related viruses within a specific serotype or subtype. Antigenic diversity among avian influenza viruses (AIV) is common as there are 15 hemagglutinin (H1 to H15) and 9 neuraminidase (N1 to N9) subtypes currently recognized (13). The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are surface proteins that define subtype specificity for influenza A viruses. These surface proteins frequently undergo antigenic changes due to antigenic shift and antigenic drift (2). Antigenic shift is a sudden and drastic change due to reassortment of virus genes when a cell is coinfected with two different subtypes of influenza A virus. Antigenic drift, an the other hand, is a slow and gradual change caused by cumulative mutational events. Mutations in the virus genome cause epitopic changes in surface proteins that can be detected by monoclonal antibody analysis (10). The appearance of H5 subtypes of AIV in poultry in Mexico and the United States in recent years has prompted the development of alternative methods to quickly and economically assess relationships between H5 viruses prior to gene sequence analysis. To facilitate such studies, a panel of MABs to Chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 was developed. The MAB binding differences that may delineate the origin or phylogeny of the AIV infecting poultry in the United States and Mexico has not been studied. The purpose of the study is to use a panel of MABs to analyze recent isolates of H5N2 AN from the United States and to answer the following questions with regard to the outbreak of H5N2 in chickens in Mexico in 1994: 1) was there a single introduction of the H5N2 virus into chickens in Mexico, and 2) was the highly pathogenic disease in the states of Puebla and Queretaro caused by a newly introduced strain of virus? C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Senne, DA (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 88 EP 94 PG 7 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500015 ER PT B AU Brugh, M AF Brugh, M BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Re-examination of pathogenicity, virulence and lethality SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC ID INFLUENZA-VIRUS; CHICKENS C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Brugh, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500022 ER PT B AU Scholtissek, C Schultz-Cherry, S Swayne, DE Hooper, P Kilbourne, ED Brugh, M Slemons, RD Raya, R Nersessian, BN Garcia-Garcia, J Kawaoka, Y Alexander, DJ AF Scholtissek, C Schultz-Cherry, S Swayne, DE Hooper, P Kilbourne, ED Brugh, M Slemons, RD Raya, R Nersessian, BN Garcia-Garcia, J Kawaoka, Y Alexander, DJ BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Viral and cellular factors involved in influenza virus-induced apoptosis - Discussion for session four SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Scholtissek, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500025 ER PT B AU Senne, DA AF Senne, DA BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Hemagglutinin cleavage site sequences of avian influenza viruses (AIV) isolated between 1992 and 1997 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC ID MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; PATHOGENICITY; H5N2; EMERGENCE; CHICKENS; SUBTYPES; MEXICO; ORIGIN; RHEAS; GENE AB The deduced amino acid sequence at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin was determined for 63 Hi and 50 H7 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated in North. America and Pakistan since 1992. The consensus cleavage site sequence for low pathogenic H5 subtype viruses was R-X-T-RIG (X = any non-basic amino acid), whereas the consensus cleavage site sequence for low pathogenic H7 subtype viruses was K-X-RIG. Acquisition of virulence by the recent Mexican H5 virus was consistent with a change in cleavage site sequence from R-E-T-R/G to either R-K-R-K-T-R/G or R-K-R-K-R-K-T-R/G. Highly pathogenic H7 viruses from Pakistan also had one of two cleavage site sequences: K-R-R-K-R/G or K-R-K-R-K-R/G. A Pekin robin isolate of H7 subtype virus, characterized as low pathogenic by the chicken pathogenicity test, had four basic amino acids adjacent to the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin, a characteristic found only with highly pathogenic viruses. All H5 and H7 isolates that do not have consensus low pathogenic sequence at the HA cleavage site should be considered potentially pathogenic and, therefore, a threat to poultry. C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Senne, DA (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 162 EP 170 PG 9 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500027 ER PT B AU Swayne, DE Beck, JR Garcia, M Perdue, ML Brugh, M AF Swayne, DE Beck, JR Garcia, M Perdue, ML Brugh, M BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Pathogenicity shifts in experimental avian influenza virus infections in chickens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC ID HEMAGGLUTININ CLEAVAGE SITE; MOLECULAR-CHANGES; 83 H5N2; EMERGENCE; VIRULENCE; SELENIUM; MEXICO; ORIGIN AB The last two outbreaks of highly pathogenic (T-IP) avian influenza (AI) in North America involved H5 AI viruses (AIV). Both outbreaks began as mild respiratory disease in poultry and abruptly changed to severe, systemic diseases which coincided with specific nucleotide changes in the hemagglutinin gene. Fifteen low pathogenicity (LP) H5 AIV isolates obtained from poultry and ratites were manipulated in a 14-day-chicken-embryo-adult-laying-hen modeling system. Seven AIV isolates changed from producing a few deaths (LP) to killing greater than or equal to 75% of chickens (HP) in an intravenous pathogenicity test. The LP parent H5 viruses of these seven derivatives had hemagglutinin proteolytic cleavage site sequences of -P-Q-K-K-K-R down arrow G- (n=3), -P-Q-R-K-T-R down arrow G- (n=3) or -P-Q-R-K-R-K-T-R down arrow G- (n=1). Three of the seven HP derivatives had the loss of a oligosaccharide site at amino acid residue 11 (n=2) or an insertion of two basic amino acids at the proteolytic cleavage site (n=1). However, four derivatives lacked a consistent change in the hemagglutinin to explain the pathogenicity shift from parent to derivative. One H5 AIV gave rise to derivatives that had high plaquing efficiency in trypsin-free chicken embryo fibroblast cultures and was considered potential HP, but was not tested for in vivo pathogenicity. The seven parent H5 AIV isolates that did not change pathogenic phenotype had a cleavage site sequence of -P-Q-R-E-T-R down arrow G- (n=5), -P-Q-K-K-K-R down arrow G- (n=1), or -P-Q-R-K-T-R down arrow G- (n=1) and usually had a oligosaccharide site at amino acid residue 11. Seven H7 AIVs were tested in the model system and one isolate became HP, but this virus was essentially already a highly lethal virus, as show by repeated IV pathotyping at the NVSL of the parent virus. Examination of genes other than the hemagglutinin may be necessary to fully understand and predict pathogenicity shifts of H5 AIVs. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 171 EP 181 PG 11 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500028 ER PT B AU Perdue, M Crawford, J Garcia, M Latimer, J Swayne, D AF Perdue, M Crawford, J Garcia, M Latimer, J Swayne, D BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Occurrence and possible mechanisms of cleavage-site insertions in the avian influenza hemagglutinin gene. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC ID A VIRUSES; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKENS; VIRULENCE; VICTORIA; SUBTYPES; SEQUENCE; H5N2 AB Recent H5N2 isolates from the avian influenza (AI) outbreak in central Mexico have provided the most direct evidence to date that naturally occurring non-pathogenic avian influenza. viruses may acquire the highly pathogenic (HP) phenotype by rapid acquisition of insertions of basic amino acids at the hemagglutinin (HA) protein cleavage site. A comprehensive survey of isolates from HP outbreaks over the last century clearly indicates that spontaneous duplication of purine triplets (codons) is the major mechanism of virulence acquisition in the field by both H7 and H5 subtype isolates. Reproducing the spontaneous duplications in the laboratory has been difficult, if not impossible to achieve, but they unquestionably are. occurring in the field by some mechanism. The most promising natural isolate which may act as a precursor for an HA insertion/duplication event is a duck isolate associated with the H7 outbreak in Victoria, Australia in 1976 (A/Duck/Victoria/76 {H7N2}). Sequence, phylogenetic analysis and secondary structure analysis of this isolate clearly implicates it as the precursor to this first highly pathogenic outbreak in Australia. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Perdue, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 182 EP 193 PG 12 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500029 ER PT B AU Beck, JR Swayne, DE AF Beck, JR Swayne, DE BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Evaluation of ELISA for avian influenza serologic and diagnostic programs: Comparison with agar gel precipitin and hemagglutination inhibition tests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC AB A newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit was evaluated using sera from SPF chickens challenged under controlled conditions with recent strains of avian influenza virus. Sera from challenged and non-challenged chickens, and vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens was tested by ELISA, and results were compared with the agar gel precipitin (AGP) and/or hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Sera from chickens vaccinated with inactivated whole virus vaccines or a recombinant fowl pox virus vaccine were included in the test. Positive ELISA reactions in sera from non-vaccinated challenged chickens were comparable to positive reactions in both the AGP test and the HI test. The AGP and ELISA tests detected antibodies in chickens vaccinated with whole virus vaccines earlier than the HI test, whereas the HI test was better able to detect antibodies in sera from challenged birds previously vaccinated with the recombinant fowl pox virus vaccine. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Beck, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 297 EP 304 PG 8 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500043 ER PT B AU Suarez, DL AF Suarez, DL BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Molecular Diagnostic techniques: Can we identify influenza viruses, differentiate subtypes and determine pathogenicity potential of viruses by RT-PCR? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; AMPLIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIMENS; CULTURE; SWAB; CDNA AB The isolation of a hemagglutinating virus from poultry samples in embryonated chicken eggs has two major rule outs, avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses. A multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test has been developed that allows for these two viruses to be quickly distinguished. Two viral genes are targeted for both viruses, the matrix and nonstructural genes for avian influenza viruses and the matrix and fusion genes for Newcastle disease virus, to decrease the potential for false negatives caused by sequence divergence. Further testing of avian influenza virus positive samples can be performed to identify H5 and H7 isolates also using a RT-PCR technique. The nonstructural (NS) gene can also be subtyped into A and B groups with an RT-PCR test Subtyping of the NS gene provides a potential third criteria to characterize avian influenza isolates besides the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene. Three different methods of RNA template preparation were compared including Trizol LS(R) reagent Purescript(R) and direct amplification of allantoic fluid in the presence of formamide. The Trizol and Purescript methods had similar consistent results that allowed for high sensitivity, but the Purescript method was faster. Direct amplification of allantoic fluid in the presence of formamide was the fastest but also the least sensitive method. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 318 EP 325 PG 8 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500046 ER PT B AU Preston, KR AF Preston, KR BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Considerations for avian influenza surveillance in the US in chickens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC C1 USDA, APHIS, Int Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Preston, KR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Int Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 326 EP 328 PG 3 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500047 ER PT B AU James, KA AF James, KA BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI USDA-APHIS national perspective on Avian Influenza control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP James, KA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500052 ER PT B AU Myers, TJ Morgan, AP AF Myers, TJ Morgan, AP BE Swayne, DE Slemons, RD TI Policy and guidance for licensure of avian influenza vaccines in the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIAN INFLUENZA: AVIAN INFLUENZA A GLOBAL PROBLEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY MAY 28-31, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Amer Assoc Avian Pathol, Select Lab Inc, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Res Initial Competit Grants Program, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA ARS, US Poultry & Egg Assoc, Bayer Anim Hlth Inc, Inter Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Inc, Allens Hatchery, Inc, Arbor Aces Farm, Inc, Carfax Publish, Avian Pathol & British Poultry Sci, Hy Line Int, IDEXX Lab, Inc, Nicholas Turkey Breed Farms, Ross Breeders, Inc, Fort Dodge Anim Hlth, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co HO UNIV GEORGIA, GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC AB Prior to 1995, the only avian influenza (AI) vaccines approved by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) were inactivated vaccines licensed on a conditional basis for use in turkeys to protect against hemagglutinin (H) subtypes other than H5 and H7. Beginning in July 1995, APHIS now permits the development, testing, and full licensure of Al vaccines of any subtype for use in either turkeys or chickens. The revised policy also permits the export of licensed Al vaccines. Because highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is still considered an exotic disease in the United States, field use of H5 and H7 vaccines in the United States would only be allowed under the supervision or control of APHIS as part of a collaborative USDA, State, and industry animal disease control program. APHIS provides specific guidance for the development, testing, licensure, and marketing of Al vaccines under this policy. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Myers, TJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS INC PI KENNETT SQ PA NEW BOLTON CTR, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348 USA PY 1998 BP 373 EP 378 PG 6 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BP78H UT WOS:000086166500057 ER PT B AU McNulty, SG Sun, G AF McNulty, SG Sun, G GP INT RES & TRAINING CTR EROS & SEDIMENTAT INT RES & TRAINING CTR EROS & SEDIMENTAT TI The development and use of best practices in forest watersheds using GIS and simulation models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPREHENSIVE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT (ISWM-'98) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Comprehensive Watershed Management (ISWM-98) CY SEP 07-10, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP UNESCO, PWMTA, FAO, Netherlands AB Forest Watersheds provide timber and water, wildlife and fisheries habitat, and recreational opportunities. However, not an entire watershed is equally suited for each activity. Steeper slopes may be better left forested and used for wildlife habitat while more gentle slopes of the watershed could be used for timber production. Logging steep slopes can lead to soil erosion that can seriously degrade stream water quality and reduce long-term site productivity. Best Management Practices (BMP's) are forest practices designed to minimize negative environmental impacts caused by human forest use. The difficulty in developing BMP's arise when multiple objectives (e.g., improved timber production, water quality and recreation) are applied to a single watershed. The objective of this research was to maintain long-term stream water quality, fisheries and timber productivity, while minimizing soil erosion and negative water quality impacts associated with forest management. Computer simulation models and a geographic information system (GIS) were used to create management scenarios that test how a watershed could best be managed to maximize its multiple potential use. Our research used a 1143-ha forest watershed in western North Carolina, USA. Basin elevations range from 920 m to 1655 m. We combined a GIS, three desired future conditions, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and a terrestrial transport model to predict BMP's for the watershed. Through the use of a GIS, model predictions of sediment production and transport can be spatially distributed across the watershed and displayed as map outputs of soil movement. This paper demonstrates how land managers could identify BMP's using a GIS-based modeling system. Once identified, alternative management scenarios can be developed to assess the cumulative effects of management practices on forested watershed health and sustainability. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP McNulty, SG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Global Change Program, 1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM steve_mcnulty@ncsu.edu; gesun@unity.ncsu.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PATENT DOCUMENTAT PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BEIJING PA XUEYUANLUKOU BEISANHUAN XILU, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-80011-333-7 PY 1998 BP 391 EP 398 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN13B UT WOS:000080795800052 ER PT B AU Atkinson, LP AF Atkinson, LP GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI An introduction to SAS/ASSIST (R) software SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual SAS-Users-Group International Conference (SUGI 23) CY MAR 22-25, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SAS Users Grp C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Atkinson, LP (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St,NW,Room 3114, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-58025-149-8 PY 1998 BP 722 EP 727 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN07X UT WOS:000080606400119 ER PT B AU Young, JA Clements, CD AF Young, JA Clements, CD BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Ecotones between Artemisia nova and A-tridentata plant communities in the Buckskin Mountains of western Nevada SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE AB The habitat restrictions between the larger woody sagebrush (Artemisia) species and the lower growing species have long intrigued ecologists in the Great Basin. In the Buckskin Mountains of west-central Nevada, ecotones between big sagebrush (A. tridentata) and black sagebrush (A. nova) communities are extremely abrupt and distinct, with no intermixing of the two types. These differences are conditioned by different soils and are reversible with changing edaphic development through erosion or deposition. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 29 EP 31 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500005 ER PT B AU Kitchen, SG McArthur, ED Jorgensen, GL AF Kitchen, SG McArthur, ED Jorgensen, GL BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Species richness and community structure along a great basin elevational gradient SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE ID VEGETATION AB Benchmarks for preservation of biological richness can be established by surveying representative reference areas at multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this study, vascular plant species richness was sampled using nested frequency plots (0.25-64 m(2)) at 14 sites along a southeastern Great Basin elevational gradient (1,550-2,675 m). Salt-desert shrubland, pinyon/juniper woodland, and mixed coniferous forest communities were represented. Species area curves revealed contrasting distribution patterns for perennial grasses, shrubs, and forbs. Multi-scale nested frequency plots provided an efficient method for surveying species richness in these communities. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Kitchen, SG (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500011 ER PT B AU Tausch, RJ Nowak, RS AF Tausch, RJ Nowak, RS BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Fifty years of ecotone change between shrub and tree dominance in the Jack Springs Pinyon Research Natural Area SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE ID JUNIPER WOODLANDS AB A pinyon Research Natural Area (RNA) has been established on the edge of west-central Nevada near Mono Lake. Woodlands in this RNA are comparable to areas dominated by singleleaf pinyon over much of the western and central Great Basin. Total vegetal cover on 17 sampled macroplots from the site ranged from 21 to about 70 percent. These plots had a total of 95 plant species, Patterns of understory suppression with increasing tree dominance were similar to those measured on other sites. Comparison of aerial photographs of the RNA from 1940 and from 1993 made it possible to document the increases in the area dominated by pinyon over the 53 years. In 1940 nearly 60 percent of the site was dominated by mature trees and was 30 percent shrub dominated. By 1993 nearly 70 percent was dominated by mature trees and only 12 percent was shrub dominated. The remainder in both cases were areas with invading young trees intermixed with old-growth woodland. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Tausch, RJ (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500013 ER PT B AU Booth, DT Bai, YG Romo, JT AF Booth, DT Bai, YG Romo, JT BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Freezing tolerance of imbibed winterfat seeds: Possible mechanisms and ecotypic differences SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE ID IMBIBITION TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION RESPONSE; COLD-HARDINESS; ASTERACEAE; SURVIVAL AB We found survival of fully hydrated winterfat seeds (Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Meg.) in diaspores harvested from two U.S.A, and one Canadian location, and cooled to -30 degrees C at 2.5 degrees C h(-1) was similar to that of uncooled seeds. Seed and diaspore morphology appeared to contribute to freezing tolerance. The Canadian collection germinated more slowly at low temperatures and was more sensitive to imbibition temperature x freezing stress interaction, suggesting habitat correlated differences among the seed collections. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 97 EP 101 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500017 ER PT B AU Young, JA Clements, CD AF Young, JA Clements, CD BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Native perennial grass communities of the Carson Desert of northwestern Nevada SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE AB A generalized distribution of the perennial grasses in the western Great Basin reveals an inter-mixing of species of the two grass Tribes Hordeae and Agrostideae (following the nomenclature of Hitchcock 1950). The dominant genera are Agropyron and Achnatherum - Hesperostipa. In the Lahontan trough of the Carson Desert, a third Tribe of grasses, Zoysieae, is represented by Hilaria jamesii. The extreme northwestern distribution of this grass occurs in the Carson Desert. The plant communities associated with the extreme distributions of Hilaria jamesii provides insight into the evolution of Great Basin plant communities under changing climatic conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500023 ER PT B AU Goodrich, S Nelson, D Gale, N AF Goodrich, S Nelson, D Gale, N BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Some features of Wyoming big sagebrush communities on gravel pediments of the Green River in Daggett County, Utah SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE AB Crown cover of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) and other shrubs, frequency of understory species, and ground cover were considered in context of ungulate grazing on Quaternary gravel pediments associated with the Green River in Daggett County, Utah. Maximum sagebrush crown cover was found at 22% inside an exclosure that had kept all ungulates out for about 30 years. The next highest sagebrush crown cover was found at 15% in an exclosure that had kept all ungulates out for nine years, and by 13 years crown cover of sagebrush in this exclosure was 17%. In all cases where pronghorn antelope (Antilocarpa americana) and/or mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) had access to sagebrush, crown cover of sagebrush was lower than inside these exclosures, Crown cover of sagebrush in areas of high concentration of deer and antelope in winter without cattle (Bos tarus) grazing was as low as 4%. Other features including frequency of understory species and ground cover appear to be strongly influenced by ungulate grazing and by the influence this grazing has on sagebrush and perennial grasses. Perennial grasses were more frequent or more vigorous where mule deer and antelope had access to sagebrush. High levels of cattle grazing in the spring appeared to be associated with reduced grass cover, higher percent bare ground, and increased crown cover of sagebrush. C1 US Forest Serv, Ashley Natl Forest Intermt Reg, USDA, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. RP Goodrich, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ashley Natl Forest Intermt Reg, USDA, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 159 EP 167 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500026 ER PT B AU Welch, BL AF Welch, BL BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Add three more to the list of big sagebrush eaters SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE ID SEED AB This paper challenges the notion that big sagebrush (Artemisia, tridentata) is a range plant of low value. Present data that documents the consumption of big sagebrush seeds by dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), and white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), and shows the nutritive value of the consumed seeds to be high in energy, crude protein, and phosphorus. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Welch, BL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500028 ER PT B AU Kitchen, SG Jorgensen, GL AF Kitchen, SG Jorgensen, GL BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Annualization of rodent burrow clusters and winterfat decline in a salt-desert community SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE ID RANGE CONDITION; THRESHOLDS; VIEWPOINT; DYNAMICS AB Winterfat (Ceratoides lanata) is dominant or codominant on much of the 16 million ha of salt-desert shrublands of Western North America. This species is in decline in much of the Great Basin and has been so for 20+ years at the Desert Experimental Range (DER), Pine Valley, UT. Previously, winterfat dominanted vegetation on rodent burrow clusters (RBCs), landscape features commonly associated with calcareous alluvial soils. Presently Eurasian annuals dominate most RBCs. In this study, mean winterfat density was 3.60 plants/m(2) on RBC interspaces and 4.78 plants/m(2) on intact RBCs compared to 0.73 plants/m(2) on annualized RBCs. Winterfat seed production (viable seeds/m(2)) on intact RBCs was six-fold that of annualized RBCs and three-fold that of interspaces. To the extent that winterfat stand renewal is seed limited, RBC annualization appears to contribute disproportionately to population decline. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Kitchen, SG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 1998 IS 11 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500029 ER PT B AU Huber, A Goodrich, S AF Huber, A Goodrich, S BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Big sagebrush, crested wheatgrass, and grazing on gravel-cobble pediments of the duchesne river formation and quaternary deposits in Uintah County, Utah SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE ID FIRE AB Pediment surfaces of the Duchesne River Formation near Lapoint and Quaternary deposits at Grouse Creek, Uintah County, Utah, provide rather uniform habitat conditions on which to contrast the abundance of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron. cristatum) on seeded areas and adjacent unseeded areas. Although crested wheatgrass has persisted as a dominant for over 40 years where it was seeded at one study site, it has spread less than 0.32 km (0.2 mile) into native plant communities from seeded areas of this study. At 15.25 meters (50 feet) from the plow line, crested wheatgrass showed over a six-fold decrease in abundance. Where cattle (Bos taurus) have grazed in winter only, crested wheatgrass stands have persisted for 33 years with very little Wyoming big sagebrush recruitment into the seeded area. In nearby crested wheatgrass seedings, Wyoming big sagebrush has returned to persistent wheatgrass stands after spring and early summer grazing was initiated. Crested wheatgrass has also demonstrated the capability to successfully suppress cheatgrass in Wyoming and mountain big sagebrush communities. Spring and early summer grazing by cattle is indicate as a tool to achieve sagebrush cover where it is desired in crested wheatgrass stands. C1 USDA, Ashley Natl Forest, Duchesne, UT 84021 USA. RP Huber, A (reprint author), USDA, Ashley Natl Forest, Duchesne, UT 84021 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500030 ER PT B AU Pendleton, RL Pendleton, BK Warren, SD AF Pendleton, RL Pendleton, BK Warren, SD BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Response of blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) seedlings to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE ID DIFFERENT SUCCESSIONAL STAGES; PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SEMI-ARID WEST; REVEGETATION PRACTICES; DESERT; GROWTH; COMPETITION; PHOSPHORUS; SYMBIOSIS AB Blackbrush, (Coleogyne ramosissima), occurs as a landscape dominant in the ecotonal region between hot and cold deserts of the western United States. Revegetation efforts using blackbrush have met with limited success, prompting speculation on possible interactions with soil microorganisms, including mycorrhizal fungi. From 1993 to 1997, we conducted a series of experiments designed to test the effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of young blackbrush seedlings under a variety of soil nutrient conditions. In all cases, growth of blackbrush seedlings was enhanced in the presence of mycorrhizal fungi. Inoculation resulted in increased plant biomass, decreased allocation to root systems in general and to fine roots in particular, and increased tissue concentrations of both phosphorus and nitrogen. The addition of mycorrhizal fungi also significantly decreased the ability of cheatgrass to compete with blackbrush seedlings when grown at low soil nutrient levels. Revegetation of blackbrush areas would likely benefit from the use of mycorrhizal inoculum. Soil fertilization, however, is detrimental to the establishment of this species and is not recommended. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT USA. RP Pendleton, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 1998 IS 11 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500042 ER PT B AU Barrow, JR Feder, I Monger, HC AF Barrow, JR Feder, I Monger, HC BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI The role of endophytic fungi in the survival and establishment of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens [Pursh] Nutt.) in an arid environment SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE ID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PHIALOCEPHALA-FORTINII; ROCK PHOSPHATE; MORPHOLOGY; SYSTEMS; PLANTS; SOILS AB A seedborne septate fungus (Aspergillus sp.) formed intimate non-destructive interfaces with seedling radicles of germinating fourwing saltbush, (Atriplex canescens [Pursh] Nutt.) seedlings. When seedlings were separated from insoluble phosphorus sources with a screen that excluded roots but allowed passage of extraradicle hyphae, which accessed plant insoluble phosphate and transported it through the barrier to the plant. The fungi enhanced phosphorus uptake, biomass production of the host plants and aggregated sand similar to functions attributed to mycorrhizal fungi. The importance of symbiotic fungi in the remediation and stabilization of arid ecosystems is discussed. C1 NMSU, Jornada Expt Range, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Barrow, JR (reprint author), NMSU, Jornada Expt Range, USDA ARS, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 252 EP 255 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500043 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD AF Leathers, TD TI Utilization of fuel ethanol residues in production of the biopolymer alternan SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alternan; corn condensed distiller's solubles; corn gluten feed; fuel ethanol; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; value-added co-products ID MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; DEXTRAN; MUTANTS; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE AB Corn condensed distiller's solubles (CCDS), an abundant byproduct of fuel ethanol production from wet-milled corn, was utilized as a fermentation medium component in the production of alternan by Lenconostoc mesenteroides. Complex components of a conventional alternan production medium were completely replaced with CCDS at 1.5% w/v. L. mesenteroides strains NRRL B-1355 and NRRL B-21138 grew to higher cell densities in CCDS than in conventional medium, and produced biopolymer more rapidly. However, stationary-phase cultures of strain NRRL B-21138 lost viability in CCDS medium, suggesting that CCDS might be most suitable for batch production of alternan. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Agr Res Serv, Biopolymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Biopolymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0032-9592(97)00054-X PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA YY359 UT WOS:000072139200003 ER PT S AU Chung, SY Vercellotti, JR Sanders, TH AF Chung, SY Vercellotti, JR Sanders, TH BE Shahidi, F Ho, CT vanChuyen, N TI Effect of maturity and curing on peanut proteins - Changes in protein surface hydrophobicity SO PROCESS-INDUCED CHEMICAL CHANGES IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pacifichem 1995 Conference CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII ID SOY PROTEIN; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; BINDING; FLUORESCENCE; PEPTIDE; MILK; IDENTIFICATION; FRACTIONS; RESIDUES; ARGININE AB A hydrophobic fluorescence probe, 1,8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate (ANS), was used to study the changes in protein surface hydrophobicity (PSH) occurring during peanut maturation and curing. PSH increased with the degree of maturity and during curing (windrow drying). The increase of PSH during curing or heating was more pronounced in immature peanuts than their mature counterparts, suggesting that more hydrophobic sites are hidden in the former proteins. PSH decreased when proteins were chemically modified with phenylglyoxal (an arginine-modifying agent), suggesting that arginine might play a role in hydrophobicity. The findings indicate that maturation and curing affect PSH, and that there is a relationship between PSH and peanut maturity. Possible factors contributing to the increase of PSH are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45824-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 434 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BL30D UT WOS:000075036100004 PM 9598188 ER PT S AU Joseph, JA Denisova, N Fisher, D Cantuti-Castelvetri, I Erat, S AF Joseph, JA Denisova, N Fisher, D Cantuti-Castelvetri, I Erat, S BE Fisher, A Hanin, I Yoshida, M TI Membrane constituencies and receptor subtype contribute to age-related increases in vulnerability to oxidative stress - Implications for neurodegenerative disease SO PROGRESS IN ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S DISEASES SE ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Progress in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases CY MAY 18-23, 1997 CL ELAT, ISRAEL SP Israel Inst Biol Res, Alzheimers Assoc Ronald & Nancy Regan Res Inst, Appl Genet, Bayer AG, Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc, Mitokor, Loyola Univ Chicago,Stritch Sch Med,Inst Neurosci & Aging, Novartis Pharma AG, Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0099-9962 BN 0-306-45903-5 J9 ADV BEHAV BIOL PY 1998 VL 49 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA BL91N UT WOS:000077133000009 ER PT J AU Bago, B Zipfel, W Williams, RM Chamberland, H Lafontaine, JG Webb, WW Piche, Y AF Bago, B Zipfel, W Williams, RM Chamberland, H Lafontaine, JG Webb, WW Piche, Y TI In vivo studies on the nuclear behavior of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora rosea grown under axenic conditions SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi; axenic culture; DAPI; Gigaspora rosea; multiphoton microscopy; nuclei ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; INDEPENDENT GROWTH; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; DNA CONTENT; IN-VITRO; SPORES; MARGARITA; GERMINATION; COMPONENTS AB The distribution and fate of nuclei of the arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora rosea during late stages of axenic cultures were studied in fixed cultures by transmitted light, conventional and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and in live cultures with two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Mature specimens not yet showing apical septation displayed oval-shaped nuclei localized in lateral positions of the hypha all along the germ-tube length. Beside these, round-shaped nuclei were found to migrate along the central germ-tube core. Some (rare) germ-tube areas, delimited by septa and containing irregularly shaped, much brighter fluorescent nuclei were also found. Specimens that had just initiated the septation process after germ-tube growth arrest displayed round or oval-shaped nuclei in several portions of the germ tubes. These hyphal areas often alternated with other septa-delimited cytoplasmic clusters which contained distorted, brightly fluorescent nuclei. Completely septated specimens mostly lacked nuclei along their germ tubes. However, highly fluorescent chromatin masses appeared within remnants of cytoplasmic material, often compressed between close septa. Our results provide a first clear picture of the in vivo distribution of nuclei along arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal germ tubes issued from resting spores, and suggest that selective areas of their coenocytic hyphae are under specific, single nuclear control. They indicate as well that random autolytic processes occur along senescing G. rosea germ tubes, probably as a consequence of the absence of a host root signal for mycorrhizal formation. Finally, the data presented here allow us to envisage the fate of nuclei released by the germinating spore after nonsymbiotic fungal growth arrest. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Bago, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Plant & Soil Biophys Lab, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Webb, Watt/B-5905-2011; Bago, Alberto/H-9683-2015; Zipfel, Warren/B-4059-2016 OI Zipfel, Warren/0000-0003-2640-329X NR 63 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1998 VL 203 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF01280582 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 110PX UT WOS:000075390500001 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT Vaughn, KC AF Pettigrew, WT Vaughn, KC TI Physiological, structural, and immunological characterization of leaf and chloroplast development in cotton SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE chloroplast development; cotton; fluorescence induction kinetics; ultrastructure; immunohistochemistry ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY; LEAVES; MAIZE; LOCALIZATION; PROTEINS; OXIDASE; GROWTH; WHEAT AB Many of the studies of chloroplast ontogeny in higher plants have utilized suboptimal conditions of light and growth to assess development. In this study, we utilized structural, immunological, and physiological techniques to examine the development of the chloroplast in fieldgrown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. "MD 51 ne"). Our youngest leaf sample developmentally was completely folded upon itself and about 0.5 cm in length; leaves of this same plastochron were followed for three weeks to the fully expanded leaf. The chloroplasts at the earliest stage monitored had almost all of the lamellae in small, relatively electron-opaque grana, with relatively few thylakoids which were not appressed on at least one surface. During the development of the thylakoids, the membranes increase in complexity, with considerable stroma lamellae development and an increase in the number of thylakoids per granum. Besides the increase in complexity, both the size and numbers of the chloroplast increase during the development of the leaf. Developmental changes in six thylakoid proteins, five stromal proteins, and one peroxisomal protein were monitored by quantitative immunocytochemistry. Even at the earliest stages of development, the plastids are equipped with the proteins required to carry out both light and dark reactions of photosynthesis. Several of the proteins follow three phases of accumulation: a relatively high density at early stages, a linear increase to keep step with chloroplast growth, and a final accumulation in the mature chloroplast. Photosystem-II(PS II)-related proteins are present at their highest densities early in development, with an accumulation of other parts of the photosynthetic apparatus at a latter stage. The early accumulation of PS-II-related proteins correlates with the much lower ratio of chlorophyll a to b in the younger leaves and with the changes in fluorescence transients. These data indicate that some of the conclusions on chloroplast development based upon studies of intercalary meristems of monocots or the greening of etiolated plants may not be adequate to explain development of chloroplasts in leaves from apical meristems grown under natural conditions. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Physiol & Genet Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1998 VL 202 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1007/BF01280872 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA ZM200 UT WOS:000073514700004 ER PT B AU Howard, JL AF Howard, JL GP TAPPI TAPPI TI Recovered paper supply trends in the United States SO PULPING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pulping Conference CY OCT 25-29, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP TAPPI, Pulp & Paper Tech Assoc Canada C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Howard, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA BN 0-89852-723-6 PY 1998 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL88S UT WOS:000077044100003 ER PT B AU Sykes, M Klungness, J Tan, F Abubakr, S AF Sykes, M Klungness, J Tan, F Abubakr, S GP TAPPI TAPPI TI Value-added mechanical pulps for light weight, high opacity paper SO PULPING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pulping Conference CY OCT 25-29, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP TAPPI, Pulp & Paper Tech Assoc Canada AB Brightness, strength, economy, and paper machine runnability are common concerns of papermakers who use virgin or recycled fiber furnishes. Fiber loading, a process that precipitates calcium carbonate partially inside the fiber lumen, is a cost-effective technology that could substantially upgrade mechanical pulp furnishes. This study demonstrates the optical and physical handsheet property advantages of fiber loading typical newsprint and thermomechanical pulp (TMP) furnishes. Inclusion of hydrogen peroxide during fiber loading prevented the expected alkaline darkening. Moreover, brief heating of the pulp after complete carbonate conversion resulted in several additional brightness points. Alternative approaches for stabilizing the brightness of fiber-loaded blends of mechanical and de-inked pulps are presented. Our comparison of strength and optical properties of handsheets made by these methods suggests that fiber loading can be used to produce paper with high opacity and low basis weight from mechanical pulp. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Sykes, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA BN 0-89852-723-6 PY 1998 BP 539 EP 545 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL88S UT WOS:000077044100057 ER PT B AU Ahmed, A Akhtar, M Myers, GC Scott, GM AF Ahmed, A Akhtar, M Myers, GC Scott, GM GP TAPPI TAPPI TI Kraft pulping of industrial wood waste SO PULPING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pulping Conference CY OCT 25-29, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP TAPPI, Pulp & Paper Tech Assoc Canada AB Most of the approximately 25 to 30 million tons of industrial wood waste generated in the United States per year is burned for energy and/or landfilled. In this study, kraft pulp from industrial wood waste was evaluated and compared with softwood (loblolly pine, Douglas-fir) and hardwood (aspen) pulp. Pulp bleachability was also evaluated. Compared to loblolly pine pulp, industrial wood waste pulp needled less cooking time to achieve the same kappa number and achieved a higher pulp yield for a similar kappa number. Industrial wood waste pulp was more effectively bleached than loblolly pine pulp and consumed less chlorine dioxide under similar bleaching conditions. Mechanical properties of paper from industrial wood waste pulp and loblolly pine pulp were very similar except for tear values, which were about two points higher for loblolly pine. Both wood waste and loblolly pine pulps were much stronger than hardwood kraft pulp. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA BN 0-89852-723-6 PY 1998 BP 993 EP 1000 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL88S UT WOS:000077044100101 ER PT B AU Springer, EL Reiner, RS Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH AF Springer, EL Reiner, RS Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH GP TAPPI TAPPI TI Delignification of wood and kraft pulp with polyoxometalates SO PULPING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pulping Conference CY OCT 25-29, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP TAPPI, Pulp & Paper Tech Assoc Canada AB Finely divided aspen and spruce woods and a high lignin pine kraft pulp have been selectively delignified to low lignin levels using aqueous solutions of polyoxometalates under anaerobic conditions. The reduced polyoxometalates in the solutions can be reoxidized with oxygen and act as wet oxidation catalysts for the mineralization of the solubilized lignin and carbohydrate fragments to carbon dioxide and water. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Springer, EL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA BN 0-89852-723-6 PY 1998 BP 1571 EP 1583 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL88S UT WOS:000077044100163 ER PT J AU Markewich, HW Wysocki, DA Pavich, MJ Rutledge, EM Millard, HT Rich, FJ Maat, PB Rubin, M McGeehin, JP AF Markewich, HW Wysocki, DA Pavich, MJ Rutledge, EM Millard, HT Rich, FJ Maat, PB Rubin, M McGeehin, JP TI Paleopedology plus TL, Be-10, and C-14 dating as tools in stratigraphic and paleoclimatic investigations, Mississippi River Valley, USA SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-STATES; ROXANA SILT; LOESS; AGE; PLEISTOCENE; RECORD AB Thick (less than or equal to 35 m) loess deposits are present on ridges and high bluffs in the northern-half of the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV), U.S.A. Detailed descriptions of the loess sections and pedologic, physiochemical, and mineralogic analyses and TL, C-14,and Be-10 age determinations, allow preliminary paleoclimatic reconstructions for the late Quaternary of central North America. No age data are available for the oldest (Fifth) loess. Be-10 and TL age data suggest a 250-200 ka age for the Fourth or Crowleys Ridge(?) Loess, and indicate that the Loveland or Third Loess is time equivalent to oxygen isotope stage 6, similar to 190-120 ka. A weakly developed paleosol is present in the basal-half of the Loveland. The Sangamon Geosol is present in the upper 5 m and represents all of oxygen isotope stage 5, similar to 130-60 ka. It formed in a climate as warm as, but drier and (or) with greater variation in precipitation, than the present. The Roxana Silt (second loess) was deposited during oxygen isotope stages 4 and 3, similar to 65-26 ka. The early Wisconsinan interglacial-glacial transition, represented by the Sangamon Geosol and the unnamed paleosol in the basal Roxana Silt, was slow. The paleoclimate during the 35 k yr of Roxana deposition was cool to cold and wet. Age and pedologic data indicate that deposition of the Peoria Loess (the youngest) began around 25 ka when the area's climate changed abruptly from cool or cold and wet to cold and dry, with periods of sustained high winds. (C) 1998 Published by INQUA/Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. Soil Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Markewich, HW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. NR 80 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 1998 VL 51-2 BP 143 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00041-4 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 152EY UT WOS:000077764300039 ER PT J AU Nettleton, WD Brasher, BR Benham, EC Ahrens, RJ AF Nettleton, WD Brasher, BR Benham, EC Ahrens, RJ TI A classification system for buried paleosols SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PROTO-IMOGOLITE ALLOPHANE; PODZOL FORMATION; PEDOGENESIS; CLIMATE; BASIN AB Paleosols formed on prior surfaces of the geologic past and include buried, exhumed, and relict kinds. Exhumed and relict ones are subaerial and have been classified according to systems of classification for other soils at this interface. One of these systems, Soil Taxonomy, includes relict and exhumed paleosols with the subaerial (ground) soils, but would need extensive modification to include buried paleosols. Our approach to paleosol classification, like that of the recently published Mack-James-Monger system, uses some Soil Taxonomy orders. However, we use proxy criteria to incorporate plaeosols that have become lithified and add the prefix krypt (hidden or covered) to all order names. Enduring properties are used as proxy criteria. Because base saturation by the NH4OAc method and cementation of paleosols tends to increase with additions of salt, gypsum, and carbonate to buried paleosols, we chose as proxy criteria the weatherable mineral content of sands and silts, cation exchange capacity (NH4OAc method) to clay ratio, total analysis of the < 2 mm soil and clay mineralogy. For the same reasons, petrogypsic and petrocalcic horizons and duripans are used instead of gypsum, carbonate, or silica content. Five of our proposed orders follow Soil Taxonomy criteria with some modification to accommodate related paleosols that have become lithified. New paleosol orders are proposed only for soils so modified by profile welding (overprinting), diagenesis, and metamorphism that their properties do not closely relate to Soil Taxonomy criteria. Additional paleosol subclasses are provided for describing the complete profile and its horizons, its oxidation state, the kind of overburden, and the geomorphic extent of the paleosol. (C) 1998 Published by INQUA/Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Soil Classificat Staff, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Nettleton, WD (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 1998 VL 51-2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00043-8 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 152EY UT WOS:000077764300041 ER PT B AU Lasat, MM Kochian, LV AF Lasat, MM Kochian, LV BE Flores, HE Lynch, JP Eissenstat, D TI Physiological basis for Zn hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens SO RADICAL BIOLOGY: ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology CY MAY 22-24, 1997 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP DOE, NSF, USDA, Natk Sci Fdn, Amer Soc Plant Physiologists HO PENN STATE UNIV ID CADMIUM UPTAKE; ZINC C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lasat, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA BN 0-943088-35-6 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1998 VL 18 BP 139 EP 149 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BN49N UT WOS:000082033600013 ER PT B AU Pfeffer, PE Shachar-Hill, Y Becard, G Rolin, D Douds, DD AF Pfeffer, PE Shachar-Hill, Y Becard, G Rolin, D Douds, DD BE Flores, HE Lynch, JP Eissenstat, D TI Nutrient transport and metabolism in the life cycle of arbuscular mycorrhizae as examined by NMR spectroscopy SO RADICAL BIOLOGY: ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology CY MAY 22-24, 1997 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP DOE, NSF, USDA, Natk Sci Fdn, Amer Soc Plant Physiologists HO PENN STATE UNIV ID FUNGUS GLOMUS INTRARADICES; HYPHAL GROWTH; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; SPORE POPULATIONS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; EXTERNAL HYPHAE; NONHOST ROOTS; CELL-WALLS; HOST ROOTS; LOW-INPUT C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Pfeffer, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA BN 0-943088-35-6 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1998 VL 18 BP 187 EP 209 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BN49N UT WOS:000082033600017 ER PT B AU Brauer, D Uknalis, J Triana, R Shachar-Hill, Y Tu, SI AF Brauer, D Uknalis, J Triana, R Shachar-Hill, Y Tu, SI BE Flores, HE Lynch, JP Eissenstat, D TI Regulation of vacuolar pH in maize root-hair cells in situ SO RADICAL BIOLOGY: ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology CY MAY 22-24, 1997 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP DOE, NSF, USDA, Natk Sci Fdn, Amer Soc Plant Physiologists HO PENN STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS, ASWCRL, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, ASWCRL, 1224 Airport Rd,POB 400, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA BN 0-943088-35-6 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1998 VL 18 BP 400 EP 401 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BN49N UT WOS:000082033600047 ER PT B AU Papernik, LA Kochian, LV AF Papernik, LA Kochian, LV BE Flores, HE Lynch, JP Eissenstat, D TI Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance in wheat: The role of root exudates and electrical signals SO RADICAL BIOLOGY: ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology CY MAY 22-24, 1997 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP DOE, NSF, USDA, Natk Sci Fdn, Amer Soc Plant Physiologists HO PENN STATE UNIV C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Papernik, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA BN 0-943088-35-6 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1998 VL 18 BP 487 EP 488 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BN49N UT WOS:000082033600075 ER PT B AU Degenhardt, J Larsen, PA Howell, SH Kochian, LV AF Degenhardt, J Larsen, PA Howell, SH Kochian, LV BE Flores, HE Lynch, JP Eissenstat, D TI Aluminum resistance in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant alr-104 is due to aluminum-induced increase of rhizosphere pH SO RADICAL BIOLOGY: ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology CY MAY 22-24, 1997 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP DOE, NSF, USDA, Natk Sci Fdn, Amer Soc Plant Physiologists HO PENN STATE UNIV C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Degenhardt, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA BN 0-943088-35-6 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1998 VL 18 BP 489 EP 490 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BN49N UT WOS:000082033600076 ER PT B AU Ebbs, SD Norvell, WA Kochian, LV AF Ebbs, SD Norvell, WA Kochian, LV BE Flores, HE Lynch, JP Eissenstat, D TI Increasing the phytoextraction of zinc and uranium from contaminated soil through the application of sail amendments SO RADICAL BIOLOGY: ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology CY MAY 22-24, 1997 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP DOE, NSF, USDA, Natk Sci Fdn, Amer Soc Plant Physiologists HO PENN STATE UNIV C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ebbs, SD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA BN 0-943088-35-6 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1998 VL 18 BP 491 EP 493 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BN49N UT WOS:000082033600077 ER PT B AU Lasat, MM Kochian, LV AF Lasat, MM Kochian, LV BE Flores, HE Lynch, JP Eissenstat, D TI Physiological basis for zinc hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens SO RADICAL BIOLOGY: ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology CY MAY 22-24, 1997 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP DOE, NSF, USDA, Natk Sci Fdn, Amer Soc Plant Physiologists HO PENN STATE UNIV C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lasat, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA BN 0-943088-35-6 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1998 VL 18 BP 494 EP 495 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BN49N UT WOS:000082033600078 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC AF Byrdwell, WC TI Dual parallel mass spectrometers for analysis of sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid and plasmalogen molecular species SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; ELECTROSPRAY; SPHINGOMYELIN; SEPARATION AB Analysis of phospholipids was performed using a liquid chromatographic separation with two mass spectrometers in parallel providing electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) data simultaneously from a triple quadrupole instrument and a single quadrupole instrument, respectively, The output from UV-Vis and evaporative light scattering detectors were also acquired by the two mass spectrometers, respectively, for four detectors overall, This arrangement was used to identify and calculate area percents for molecular species of dihydrosphingomyelin (DHS) and sphingomyelin (SPM) in commercially available bovine brain SPM, in human plasma extract and in porcine lens extract. Molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine and its plasmalogen, and phosphatidylcholine and its plasmalogen were identified and semi-quantitative analysis performed, Commercially available bovine brain SPM was found to contain 11.5% DHS and 88.5% SPM, The only DHS molecular species identified in human plasma was 16:0-DHS, at or below 1% of the sphingolipid content, Porcine lens membranes were found to contain 14.4% DHS and 85.6% SPM, Other findings reported here include: (1) phospholipids were found to undergo dimerization in the electrospray source, giving masses representing combinations of species present, (2) Triacylglycerols gave usable mass spectra under electrospray ionization conditions, as well as under APCI-MS conditions, (3) Triacylglycerols gave ammonium adducts as base peaks in their APCI mass spectra, which reduced fragmentation and increased the proportions of molecular ions, (4) Mass spectra were obtained for phospholipids which underwent both protonation and sodium adduct formation in different chromatographic runs. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This paper was prepared under the auspices of the US Government and it is therefore not subject to copyright in the US. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, FQS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Byrdwell, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, FQS, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 BP 256 EP 272 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19980314)12:5<256::AID-RCM149>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA YZ109 UT WOS:000072221200008 PM 9519478 ER PT J AU Edwards, TC Moisen, GG Cutler, DR AF Edwards, TC Moisen, GG Cutler, DR TI Assessing map accuracy in a remotely sensed, ecoregion-scale cover map SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; HABITAT; ERROR AB Landscape- and ecoregion-based conservation efforts increasingly use a spatial component to organize data for analysis and interpretation. A challenge particular to remotely sensed cover maps generated from these efforts is how best to assess the accuracy of the cover maps, especially when they can exceed 1000 s/km(2) in size. Here we develop and describe a methodological approach for assessing the accuracy of large-area cover maps, using as a test case the 21.9 million ha cover map developed for Utah Gap Analysis. As part of our design process, we first reviewed the effect of intracluster correlation and a simple cost function on the relative efficiency of cluster sample designs to simple random designs. Our design ultimately combined clustered and subsampled field data stratified by ecological modeling unit and accessibility (hereafter a mixed design). We next outline estimation formulas for simple map accuracy measures under our mixed design and report results for eight major cover types and the three ecoregions mapped as part of the Utah Gap Analysis. Overall accuracy of the map was 83.2% (SE=1.4). Within ecoregions, accuracy ranged from 78.9% to 85.0%. Accuracy by cover type varied, ranging from a low of 50.4% for barren to a high of 90.6% for man modified. In addition, we examined gains in efficiency of our mixed design compared with a simple random sample approach. In regard to precision, our mixed design was more precise than a simple random design, given fixed sample costs. We close with a discussion of the logistical constraints facing attempts to assess the accuracy of large-area, remotely sensed cover maps. C1 FOREST SERV, USDA, INTERMT RES STN, OGDEN, UT 84401 USA. UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT MATH & STAT, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. RP Edwards, TC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV, NATL BIOL SERV, UTAH COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT, USGS, BIOL RESOURCES DIV, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. NR 40 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 63 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00246-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA YJ333 UT WOS:A1998YJ33300007 ER PT J AU Maxwell, WMC Long, CR Johnson, LA Dobrinsky, JR Welch, GR AF Maxwell, WMC Long, CR Johnson, LA Dobrinsky, JR Welch, GR TI The relationship between membrane status and fertility of boar spermatozoa after flow cytometric sorting in the presence or absence of seminal plasma SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SEX PRESELECTION; CHLORTETRACYCLINE ANALYSIS; CHROMOSOME-BEARING; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; SPERM; DNA; FERTILIZATION; INSEMINATION; SYBR-14; SWINE AB The motility, viability (percent live), capacitation status and in vitro fertility of boar spermatozoa were examined after staining with Hoechst 33342 and flow cytometric sorting in the absence or presence of seminal plasma. Viability was higher in unstained controls and when seminal plasma was present in the medium used to collect spermatozoa from the cell sorter than when seminal plasma was absent or in the staining extender only, but motility was highest when seminal plasma was included in the extender only, compared with the controls and other treatments. The proportions of capacitated spermatozoa were increased by sorting, but were lower when seminal plasma was present, rather than absent, from the staining extender and the collection medium. Compared with unstained controls, extension and staining without sorting only increased the proportion of capacitated spermatozoa after washing in preparation for in vitro fertilization. The percentages of polyspermic, penetrated and cleaved oocytes were lower when inseminated with unsorted (stained) than control (unstained) spermatozoa, regardless of the presence or absence of seminal plasma. These parameters were higher for sorted than for control spermatozoa in the absence of seminal plasma, but in its presence penetration and cleavage were substantially lower. The proportions of capacitated spermatozoa were lower when seminal plasma was present in the collection medium only than in the staining extender or when it was absent altogether, but the former treatment substantially reduced the proportions of polyspermic, penetrated and cleaved oocytes, and the proportion of blastocysts. These findings indicate that sperm capacitation associated with flow cytometric sorting can be reduced by the inclusion of seminal plasma in the collection medium, but this treatment reduces the ability of spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes in vitro under these conditions. C1 Univ Sydney, Dept Anim Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Maxwell, WMC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Anim Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NR 19 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 5 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1071/RD98102 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 270WY UT WOS:000084561200007 PM 10461676 ER PT B AU Robinson, JM Britz, SJ Rowland, RA Stracke, WF AF Robinson, JM Britz, SJ Rowland, RA Stracke, WF BE DeKok, LJ Stulen, I TI Influence of chronic ozonation on ascorbate accumulation and the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate redox status in leaflets of field grown soybean cultivars which demonstrate tolerance of sensitivity to ozone. SO RESPONSES OF PLANT METABOLISM TO AIR POLLUTION AND GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Responses of Plant Metabolism to Air Pollution and Global Change CY APR 01-05, 1997 CL EGMOND AAN ZEE, NETHERLANDS C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Inst Nat Resources, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Inst Nat Resources, Bldg 046A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BACKHUYS PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 321, 2300 AH LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-73348-95-1 PY 1998 BP 439 EP 442 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL66X UT WOS:000076264500063 ER PT J AU Diao, XS Roe, TL Yeldan, AE AF Diao, XS Roe, TL Yeldan, AE TI Fiscal debt management, accumulation and transitional dynamics in a CGE model for Turkey SO REVUE CANADIENNE D ETUDES DU DEVELOPPEMENT-CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference of the Middle-East-Economic-Association / Allied-Social-Science-Associations CY JAN, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Middle East Econ Assoc, Allied Social Sci Assoc ID POLICY; ADJUSTMENT; REPRESSION; GROWTH AB We use a dynamic general equilibrium model based on intertemporally optimizing agents to study alternative debt management policies for the Turkish economy. The model is based on the neoclassical growth theory in its adjustment to steady state dynamics, and on Walrasian general equilibrium theory of a small open economy in attaining equilibrium in its commodity and factor markets. Key features of the model are its explicit recognition of the distortionary consequences of excessive borrowing requirements of the public sector through increased domestic interest costs; and endogenous determination of the private work force participation decisions in response to changing tax incidences. The model results suggest that reliance on indirect taxes, as in the current stance of the fiscal authority, has appealing results in terms of attaining Fiscal targets, yet it suffers from distortionary consequences and loss of economic welfare. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Minnesota, Econ Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Diao, XS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST INT DEV CO-OP PI OTTAWA PA UNIV OTTAWA 25 UNIVERSITE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1N 6N5, CANADA SN 0225-5189 J9 REV CAN ETUD DEV JI Rev. Can. Etud. Dev.-Can. J. Dev. Stud. PY 1998 VL 19 IS 2 BP 343 EP 375 PG 33 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 175JY UT WOS:000079091100005 ER PT B AU Powell, MR AF Powell, MR BE Haimes, YY Moser, DA Stakhiv, EZ TI Ecological risk and policy choice SO RISK-BASED DECISION MAKING IN WATER RESOURCES VIII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Engineering Foundation Conference on Risk-Based Decision Making in Water Resources CY OCT 12-17, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Engn Fdn, Univ Council Water Resources, ASCE Water Resources Planning & Management Div AB Ecological risk assessment presents policy problems that require resolution by political and social agreement. There is no scientifically correct answer as to what constitutes ecosystem health. Relying too heavily on either stakeholder consensus or science/scientists to resolve this dilemma runs the risk of abdicating tough policy choices to politically unaccountable decision makers. A robust procedure for analyzing and characterizing expert opinion regarding what constitutes an adverse ecological change is proposed as one possible means of achieving ecosystem protection decisions informed by science and judgment. C1 USDA, Amer Assoc Adv Sci, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), USDA, Amer Assoc Adv Sci, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0347-3 PY 1998 BP 152 EP 162 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BN19R UT WOS:000081048000013 ER PT B AU Meekhof, R Kuzma, J Mauriello, D Osborn, T Powell, M Rice, C Shafer, S AF Meekhof, R Kuzma, J Mauriello, D Osborn, T Powell, M Rice, C Shafer, S BE Haimes, YY Moser, DA Stakhiv, EZ TI Adaptive risk analysis for resource conservation programs SO RISK-BASED DECISION MAKING IN WATER RESOURCES VIII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Engineering Foundation Conference on Risk-Based Decision Making in Water Resources CY OCT 12-17, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Engn Fdn, Univ Council Water Resources, ASCE Water Resources Planning & Management Div AB The following paper presents a guiding strategy for the implementation and analysis of the United States Department of Agriculture's conservation programs. This strategy involves a process which we term adaptive risk analysis. The adaptivity of the process stems from important feedback and monitoring mechanisms during all stages of program development, which can then be used to incorporate changes into a particular program as it evolves. Adaptive risk analysis occurs in several stages: 1) program identification, 2) environmental risk assessment, 3) program analysis, 4) cost-benefit analysis, 5) implementation, and 6) monitoring and evaluation. National, state, and local-level issues and activities are described for the various stages, and communication among program managers at all levels is emphasized. Identification of program objectives, environmental indicators, mitigation measures, and costs-benefits are essential components of the process. C1 USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Meekhof, R (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0347-3 PY 1998 BP 172 EP 186 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BN19R UT WOS:000081048000015 ER PT S AU Banik, MT Burdsall, HH AF Banik, MT Burdsall, HH BE Delatour, C Marcais, B Guillaumin, JJ LungEscarmant, B TI Relationships among Armillaria cepistipes, A-sinapina, and North American biological species X and XI SO ROOT AND BUTT ROTS OF FOREST TREES SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Root and Butt Rots CY SEP 01-07, 1997 CL CARCANS MAUBUISSON, FRANCE SP Inst Natl Rech Agronom, Int Union Forest Res Org, Conseil Reg Aquitaine, Dept Sante Forets, Off Natl Forets ID IDENTIFICATION; MELLEA AB Two sets of ten single spore isolates each of Armillaria sinapina, A. cepistipes, and North American biological species (NABS) X and XI were paired in all combinations and replicated, for a total of 3280 pairs. Using standard morphological criteria, A. sinapina was found to be 68, 5.5, 3.5, and 5.0% compatible with itself, A. cepistipes, and NABS X and NABS XI, respectively. Armillaria cepistipes was 53, 6.5, and 57% compatible with itself and NABS X and XI, respectively. NABS X was 70% self compatible and 4.0% compatible with NABS XI. NABS XI was 55% self compatible. The IGS region of the rDNA of each isolate was amplified using PCR and digested with Alu I. Seven distinct RFLP patterns were observed; two in A. cepistipes, two in A. sinapina, one in NABS X, one in NABS XI, and one shared by NABS XI and A. cepistipes. By using the RFLP patterns as genetic markers it was determined that, in general, the morphological ratings were an accurate reflection of nuclear combination. Combining the RFLP and pairing results confirms that NABS XI is compatible with A. cepistipes and should be considered conspecific. A. sinapina, NABS X and A. cepistipes are not sufficiently compatible to warrant reducing any to synonomy. We aslo believe NABS X should be formally described as a new species of Armillaria. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Banik, MT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0821-6 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1998 IS 89 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BM33L UT WOS:000078407400002 ER PT S AU Goheen, EM AF Goheen, EM BE Delatour, C Marcais, B Guillaumin, JJ LungEscarmant, B TI Root diseases in the Southern Oregon Cascade Mountains: a method for large scale impact assessment, modeling, and treatment prioritization SO ROOT AND BUTT ROTS OF FOREST TREES SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Root and Butt Rots CY SEP 01-07, 1997 CL CARCANS MAUBUISSON, FRANCE SP Inst Natl Rech Agronom, Int Union Forest Res Org, Conseil Reg Aquitaine, Dept Sante Forets, Off Natl Forets AB Armillaria root disease, annosus root disease, laminated root rot, and black stain root disease are present alone or in combination in forested stands in the southern Oregon Cascade Mountains. 2500 hectares of managed mixed conifer stands in white fir and Shasta red fir plant associations have been extensively surveyed. Data collection procedures were designed for direct input into the Western Root Disease Model extension of the Forest Vegetation Simulator. Root disease presence, stand-level root disease severity, estimates of percent stumps infected, and a description of vegetation structure and composition were gathered in each stand. Preliminary analysis indicates that 90 percent of all stands have at least one root disease present. Both Armillaria root disease and annosus root disease are present in a majority of stands; all four root disease are present in some stands. Current impacts from root diseases range from the presence of infected stumps with no current mortality in surrounding trees to more than 50 percent of canopy loss due to root disease-caused mortality. Future impacts will be predicted based on Western Root Disease Model runs. Treatment priorities for individual stands are suggested using a combination of predicted impacts and landscape-level objectives. Managers find this approach valuable due to its efficiency. In the North 140 project area results indicate that root diseases will exert a strong influence on vegetation development and should greatly influence management decisions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Oregon Forest Insect & Dis Tech Ctr, Cent Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Goheen, EM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Oregon Forest Insect & Dis Tech Ctr, 2606 Old Stage Rd, Cent Point, OR 97502 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0821-6 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1998 IS 89 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BM33L UT WOS:000078407400018 ER PT S AU Otrosina, WJ Garbelotto, M AF Otrosina, WJ Garbelotto, M BE Delatour, C Marcais, B Guillaumin, JJ LungEscarmant, B TI Root diseases and exotic ecosystems: implications for long-term site productivity SO ROOT AND BUTT ROTS OF FOREST TREES SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Root and Butt Rots CY SEP 01-07, 1997 CL CARCANS MAUBUISSON, FRANCE SP Inst Natl Rech Agronom, Int Union Forest Res Org, Conseil Reg Aquitaine, Dept Sante Forets, Off Natl Forets ID HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; INTERSTERILITY GROUPS AB Root disease fungi, particularly root rotting Basidiomycetes, are key drivers of forest ecosystems. These fungi have co-evolved with their hosts in various forest ecosystems and are in various states of equilibrium with them. Management activities and various land uses have taken place in recent times that have dramatically altered edaphic and environmental conditions under which forest tree species and ecosystems have evolved. For example, in Sequoia giganteum stands, fire suppression in this fire dependent ecosystem has resulted in increased mortality due to Heterobasidion annosum. On hypothesis is that fire suppression results in increased encroachment of true firs, readily infected by S group H. annosum, thereby transferring the disease via root contacts with S. giganteum. Also, the existence of a hybrid between the S and P ISG's of H. annosum may be evidence for anthropogenic influences on evolutionary pathways in this pathogen. In other ecosystems, such as Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) in the southeastern United States, increased mortality following prescribed fire is being observed. Various Leptographium species and H. annosum have been associated with this mortality following relatively cool temperature fires but how these fungi interact with fire and various edaphic factors are not known. Past agricultural practices that resulted in extensive soil erosion may have given rise to an "exotic ecosystem" in which longleaf pine is now maladapted. C1 US Forest Serv, Tree Root Biol Team, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Otrosina, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Tree Root Biol Team, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM otrosina@negia.net; matteo@nature.berkeley.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0821-6 J9 COLLOQ INRA JI Colloq. INRA PY 1998 IS 89 BP 275 EP 283 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BM33L UT WOS:000078407400027 ER PT B AU Entry, JA Runion, GB Prior, SA Mitchell, RJ Rogers, HH AF Entry, JA Runion, GB Prior, SA Mitchell, RJ Rogers, HH BE Box, JE TI Influence of CO2 enrichment and nitrogen fertilization on tissue chemistry and carbon allocation in longleaf pine seedlings SO ROOT DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, GRASSLANDS AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Root-Research CY JUL 14-18, 1996 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP Int Soc Root Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Off Int Cooperat & Dev, USDA Cooperative States Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer HO CLEMSON UNIV DE biomass; carbon concentrations; carbon fractions; Pinus palustris ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANT-RESPONSES; RESPIRATORY RESPONSES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COTTON PLANTS; GROWTH; DIOXIDE; SOIL; RHIZOSPHERE; ROOTS AB One-year-old, nursery-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings were grown in 45-L pots containing a coarse sandy medium and were exposed to two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (365 or 720 :mol(-1)) and two levels of nitrogen (N) fertility (40 or 400 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) within open top chambers for 20 months. At harvest. needles. stems, coarse roots, and fine roots were separated and weighed. Subsamples of each tissue were frozen in liquid N, lyophilized at -50 EC, and ground to pass a 0.2 mm sieve. Tissue samples were analysed for carbon (C), N, nonpolar extractives (fats, waxes, and oils=FWO), non-structural carbohydrates (total sugars and starch), and structural carbohydrates (cellulose, lignin, and tannins). Increased dry weights of each tissue were observed under elevated CO2 and with high N; however, main effects of CO2 were significant only on belowground tissues. The high N fertility tended to result in increased partitioning of biomass aboveground, resulting in significantly lower root to shoot ratios. Elevated CO2 did not affect biomass allocation among tissues. Both atmospheric CO2 and N fertility tended to affect concentration of C compounds in belowground, more than aboveground, tissues. Elevated CO2 resulted in lower concentrations of starch, cellulose, and lignin, but increased concentrations of FWO in root tissues. High N fertility increased the concentration of starch, cellulose, and tannins, but resulted in lower concentrations of lignin and FWO in roots. Differences between CO2 concentrations tended to occur only with high N fertility. Atmospheric CO2 did not affect allocation patterns for any compound; however the high N treatment tended to result in a lower percentage of sugars, cellulose, and lignin belowground. C1 USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3793 North 3600 West, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5230-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1998 VL 82 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BN28F UT WOS:000081418500001 ER PT B AU Sword, MA AF Sword, MA BE Box, JE TI Seasonal development of loblolly pine lateral roots in response to stand density and fertilisation SO ROOT DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, GRASSLANDS AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Root-Research CY JUL 14-18, 1996 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP Int Soc Root Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Off Int Cooperat & Dev, USDA Cooperative States Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer HO CLEMSON UNIV DE fertilisation; lateral roots; loblolly pine; rhizotron; root morphology; stand density ID DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; FINE-ROOT; FERTILIZATION; ARCHITECTURE; PRODUCTIVITY; BRANCH; GROWTH; SITE AB In 1989, two levels each of stand density and fertilisation treatments were factorial established in a 9-year old loblolly pine plantation on a P-deficient Gulf Coastal Plain sit in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, U.S.A. In 1995, a second thinning was conducted on the previously thinned plots and fertiliser was re-applied to the previously fertilised plots. The morphology of new long lateral roots was evaluated at 2-week intervals in five Plexiglas rhizotrons per plot of two replications. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonal initiation of six morphological categories of long lateral roots (greater than or equal to 2.5 cm in length) in response to stand density and fertilisation. Lateral root development exhibited a seasonal pattern with the initiation of branched lateral roots predominantly occurring in spring and summer. The initiation of non-branched lateral roots occurred throughout the year regardless of season. Stand density did not affect lateral root morphological development. However, fertilisation stimulated the initiation of branched lateral roots that were greater than 1 mm in diameter. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Sword, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5230-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1998 VL 82 BP 105 EP 113 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BN28F UT WOS:000081418500008 ER PT B AU Clark, R Alberts, E Zobel, R Sinclair, T Miller, M Kemper, W Foy, C AF Clark, R Alberts, E Zobel, R Sinclair, T Miller, M Kemper, W Foy, C BE Box, JE TI Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) root penetration into and chemical properties of claypan soils SO ROOT DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, GRASSLANDS AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Root-Research CY JUL 14-18, 1996 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP Int Soc Root Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Off Int Cooperat & Dev, USDA Cooperative States Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer HO CLEMSON UNIV DE aerenchymous and mycorrhizal roots; Al and acid soil tolerance; root lengths and weights; soil pH and extractable macro-/micro-elements ID MYCORRHIZAL AB Claypans restrict rooting depth and availability of moisture and nutrients to plants during periods of drought. Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides var. dactyloides (L.) L.] often remains green during summer droughts, while other plants turn brown. Questions arose whether eastern gamagrass roots could penetrate claypans to obtain needed moisture. Pits were dug (2m deep) under eastern gamagrass plants that had been growing, 50+ and 5+ years at two sites in Missouri. Clay contents were 30 to 50% in soil layers below 30 cm, and moisture was not limiting in these deep soil layers. Soil pH(Ca), in the lower soil layers, except at 180 cm, was below 5.0, and in some cases near 4.0. Extractable A1 was especially high in the 90 and 120 cm deep soil layers where pH was low. Extractable Ca, Mg, and K increased with soil depth. The eastern gamagrass roots effectively penetrated claypan soils. Root lengths and root weights were extensive to 180 cm depth, and decreased from the surface with soil depth. Roots of eastern gamagrass were aerenchymous (having cellular compartments which allow air movement) at all depths, were mycorrhizal to at least 150 cm depth, and had relatively high tolerance to acidic A1 toxic Tatum subsoil (Typic Hapludult) and toxic levels of A1 in nutrient solution. The eastern gamagrass roots also provided root channels through claypans, which could enable new eastern gamagrass or other plant roots to grow into deeper soil layers. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Clark, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5230-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1998 VL 82 BP 191 EP 211 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BN28F UT WOS:000081418500016 ER PT B AU Allmaras, RR Fritz, VA Pfleger, FL Copeland, SM AF Allmaras, RR Fritz, VA Pfleger, FL Copeland, SM BE Box, JE TI Common root rot of pea (Pisum sativum L.): Oat pre-crop and traffic compaction effects in fine-textured mollisols SO ROOT DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, GRASSLANDS AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Root-Research CY JUL 14-18, 1996 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP Int Soc Root Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Off Int Cooperat & Dev, USDA Cooperative States Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer HO CLEMSON UNIV DE bulk density; cultural control; green pea yields; root environment; infection phase; soil-water status ID APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES; SOIL COMPACTION; RESIDUE AB Common root rot of pea caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. is widespread and difficult to control. In many production areas, yearly losses have been estimated at 10% because of the disease. Cultural control is needed even when disease tolerant cultivars are planted. Soil compaction due to traffic is known to aggravate the disease. In a series of research studies in a heavily infested nursery and adjacent farm fields, it was shown that compaction aggravates the disease by decreasing drainage and thus providing more favourable soil water conditions for early infection of pea roots. Traffic compaction has also provided an adverse abiotic environment for plant stress due to poor aeration. A precrop of oat (Avena sativum L.), as a full-season or late-summer crop, suppressed the disease only if the oat residue was incorporated at a shallow depth late in the fall using a chisel. Incorporated oat residue reduced inoculum potential of A. euteiches above 10 cm when incorporated with a chisel and below 10 cm when incorporated with a moldboard plow. A rolled towel bioassay using a susceptible pea cultivar successfully estimated inoculum potential when the test soil was placed near the epicotyl of 7-day-old seedlings. Although A. euteiches is an aggressive disease, all of these findings focus on vulnerability during the infection process. These investigations were required to examine carefully the soil ecology pertaining to the host crop, the pathogen when in the saprophytic mode, and the host crop interaction with the pathogen. C1 ARS, USDA, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Allmaras, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5230-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1998 VL 82 BP 285 EP 294 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BN28F UT WOS:000081418500023 ER PT B AU Baligar, VC Wright, RJ Smedley, MD AF Baligar, VC Wright, RJ Smedley, MD BE Box, JE TI Tillage and phosphorus effects on silage corn SO ROOT DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, GRASSLANDS AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Root-Research CY JUL 14-18, 1996 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP Int Soc Root Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Off Int Cooperat & Dev, USDA Cooperative States Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer HO CLEMSON UNIV DE conventional tillage; macro- and micronutrients; no tillage; root density; Zea mays L. ID SOIL PROPERTIES; ROOT-GROWTH; NO-TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SYSTEMS; BARLEY; FIELD; CROPS; OHIO AB No tillage (NT) has an advantage over conventional tillage (CT) in hilly lands of the Appalachian region of the Eastern U.S. because it reduces soil erosion and lowers energy input. Field experiments were conducted for three years (at an elevation of 908 m) to evaluate the effects of tillage (CT, NT) and P rates (25, 200 kg P ha(-1)) on shoot and root growth and nutrient uptake by silage corn (Zea mays L.). Shoot dry matter yields, root length per plant, and root density in NT were significantly higher than in CT. In both tillage treatments, higher levels of P improved shoot and root growth. In all treatments, the majority of the roots were close to the plant row. With the exception of uptake of K, Mg, and Mn, the uptake of all nutrient elements including N, P, Ca, S, Zn, Cu, and Fe - was significantly higher in NT than in CT. High levels of P significantly enhanced the uptake of all nutrient elements except Zn, Cu, and Fe. Enhanced dry matter yield and nutrient uptake under NT could be related to greater root length and root density. The results show that NT has an added advantage in enhancing the production potential of the steep, hilly lands of Appalachia. C1 ARS, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Baligar, VC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 400,1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5230-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1998 VL 82 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BN28F UT WOS:000081418500026 ER PT S AU McMichael, BL Zak, JC Upchurch, DR Brashears, AD AF McMichael, BL Zak, JC Upchurch, DR Brashears, AD BE Box, JE TI Managing VAM in a semi-arid agroecosystem SO ROOT DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, GRASSLANDS AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SE Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Root-Research CY JUL 14-18, 1996 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP Int Soc Root Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Off Int Cooperat & Dev, USDA Cooperative States Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer HO CLEMSON UNIV DE cotton; colonisation; inoculation; mychorrhizse; wheat ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; COTTON GROWTH; TILLAGE; YIELD AB Effective management of mycorrhizae in agriculture should provide benefits to production systems by improving seedling establishment and reducing adverse effects due to abiotic stresses. It has been observed that cotton seedlings grown on the Southern High Plains in association with terminated wheat may be better able to survive many abiotic stresses. Protection from the impact of sand particles is an obvious result of the presence of the wheat, but another advantage of this cropping system may be to enhance the colonisation of cotton roots by VA mycorrhizae which, in turn, could improve early seedling development. Therefore, field studies were conducted during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons to determine the impact of the terminated wheat cropping system on VA mycorrhizal colonisation of cotton Four treatments were initiated that consisted of 1) conventional tillage system; 2) intact terminated wheat treatment; 3) simulated treatment (cotton planted in a conventional cropping system but with wheat shoots present with no roots); and 4) cotton planted into terminated wheat but with the above-ground portion of the wheat plants removed. VA mycorrhizal inoculation potential and colonisation levels were measured as well as crop yields. The presence of the winter wheat root systems did increase VA mycorrhizal colonisation levels at specific times during the growing seasons. Decreases in VA mycorrhizal activity during the first part of the growing season may have been due to a disruption of any established hyphal network as a result of early tillage practices in preparation for planting. Yearly differences in colonisation patterns and VA mycorrhizal inoculation potential as well as in final yields were also observed. These differences may have been due in part to differences in soil moisture levels as well as to other environmental stresses that mycorrhizal colonisation could not impact. The management of VA mycorrhizae in an agroecosystem may be feasible when the effects of agricultural practices and abiotic constraints on the mycorrhizae inoculum dynamics and plant responses are fully understood. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP McMichael, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. EM bmcmichael@mail.csrl.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-840X BN 0-7923-5230-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI JI Dev. Plant Soil Sci. PY 1998 VL 82 BP 383 EP 392 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BN28F UT WOS:000081418500031 ER PT B AU Gish, TJ Gimenez, D Rawls, WJ AF Gish, TJ Gimenez, D Rawls, WJ BE Box, JE TI Impact of roots on ground water quality SO ROOT DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, GRASSLANDS AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Root-Research CY JUL 14-18, 1996 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP Int Soc Root Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Off Int Cooperat & Dev, USDA Cooperative States Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer HO CLEMSON UNIV DE chemical transport; pesticide behavior; preferential flow ID SANDY VADOSE ZONE; NO-TILL CORN; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; LAYERED SOILS; PESTICIDE; ATRAZINE; MOVEMENT; BURROWS AB Preferential flow is perhaps the major chemical transport process influencing the rapid and typically unexpected movement of agricultural chemicals to ground water. Plant roots are a major contributor to preferential flaw mechanics as they form spatial voids which can be used as preferential now pathways. Chemical transport of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and bromide solutions and concentrations under tilled and no-tilled corn fields was evaluated below the active root. Additionally, the impact of roots on now pathways was visualized using a soluble dye (Brilliant Blue FCF). Pictures of the dye-stained pattern were subsequently digitized to determine the cross-sectional area used for transport as a function of depth. Bromide transit times through the field soils were not influenced by tillage practice, whereas atrazine transport was strongly influenced by tillage practice. Under no-till field conditions, atrazine was rarely detected but deethylatrazine concentrations were greater than those observed under tilled field conditions. Visual observation indicated that the dye under no-tillage was more predominate in the corn row, indicative of transport through void root channels. No-tillage practices may decrease the likelihood of ground water contamination through leaching due to the formation of stable root channels where an organic carbon source and microbial population are preferentially located to degrade pesticides. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gish, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5230-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1998 VL 82 BP 419 EP 432 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BN28F UT WOS:000081418500034 ER PT B AU Dowdy, RH Smucker, AJM Dolan, MS Ferguson, JC AF Dowdy, RH Smucker, AJM Dolan, MS Ferguson, JC BE Box, JE TI Automated image analysis for separating plant roots from soil debris elutriated from soil cores SO ROOT DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, GRASSLANDS AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Root-Research CY JUL 14-18, 1996 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP Int Soc Root Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Off Int Cooperat & Dev, USDA Cooperative States Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer HO CLEMSON UNIV DE image processing; maize; root washing; plant residue; root diameter; root length AB Historically, destructive root sampling has been labour intensive and requires manual separation of extraneous organic debris recovered along with roots in the hydropneumatic elutriation method of separating plant soots from soils. Quantification of root system demographics by public domain National Institute of Health (NM-Image) and Root Image Processing Laboratory (RIPL) image processing algorithms has eliminated much of the labour-intensive manual separation. This was accomplished by determining the best length to diameter ratio for each object during image analysis. Objects with a length to diameter ratio less than a given threshold are considered non-root materials and are rejected automatically by computer algorithms. Iterative analyses of length to diameter ratios showed that a 15.1 ratio was best for separating images of maize (Zea mays L.) roots from associated organic debris. Using this threshold ratio for a set of 24 soil cores, a highly significant correlation (r(2)=0.89) nas obtained between computer image processed total root length per core and actual root length. A linear relationship (r(2) = 0.80) was observed between root lengths determined by NIH-Image analysis and lengths determined independently by the RIPL imaging system, using the same maize root + debris samples. This correlation demonstrates that computer image processing provides opportunities for comparing root length parameters between different laboratories for samples containing debris. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dowdy, RH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5230-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1998 VL 82 BP 737 EP 744 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BN28F UT WOS:000081418500063 ER PT S AU Brown, F AF Brown, F BE Brown, F Griffiths, E Horaud, F Petricciani, JC TI Problems with BHK 21 cells SO SAFETY OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS PREPARED FROM MAMMALIAN CELL CULTURE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WHO Consultation Conference on the Safety of Biological Products Prepared from Mammalian Cell Substrates CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 1996 CL ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE SP Marcel-Meriuex Fdn, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat (IABS), WHO DE foot-and-mouth disease virus; BHK cells ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; ALPHA-5-BETA-1 INTEGRIN AB The properties of baby hamster kidney (BHK 21) cells are modified by passage in suspension culture. The suspended cells differ from monolayer cells in the surface expression of some integrin chains involved in attachment of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), in particular the progressive down-regulation of both alpha 5 and alpha V integrin chains. This down-regulation is correlated with the loss of actin stress fibres. FMDV particles from these cells are unstable towards the aziridine used in inactivating the virus for vaccine production. Moreover, growth of virus in suspended cells can lead to the selection of antigenic variants which differ from those produced in monolayer cells. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Brown, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6732-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1998 VL 93 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BL51Y UT WOS:000075761500012 PM 9737382 ER PT J AU Slaughter, KW Grigal, DF Ohmann, LF AF Slaughter, KW Grigal, DF Ohmann, LF TI Carbon storage in southern boreal forests following fire SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon balance; carbon dioxide; global warming; taiga ID UPLAND FORESTS; LAKE STATES; MINNESOTA; PLANT; ASPEN; SOILS AB Changes in carbon (C) after fire were measured in seven southern boreal upland forest stands during the five immediate post-fire years and 23 years after the fire. Pre-fire above-ground C mass of the stands was estimated. Combustion losses were 19% of the pre-fire above-ground C mass (8.4 kg m(-2)), and an additional 4% of that C mass was lost in the following 3-4 years. After 23 years, neither C mass of understory (0.1 kg m(-2)) nor standing snags (0.3 kg m(-2)) differed from that estimated before the fire; tree C was less (2.4 vs. 6.0 kg C m(-2)), and forest floor (2.5 vs. 1.4 kg C m(-2)) and coarse woody debris (1.7 vs. 0.7 kg C m(-2)) C were higher. Above-ground C mass was 84% of pre-fire mass. There were no measured changes in surface soil C following the fire (2.9 kg C m(-2)). Total C mass, including surface soil, was 10.2 kg m(-2) at 23 years or 91% of the estimated pre-fire C. Although gross fluxes of C followed the fire, massive net losses of C did not occur either immediately or in the two decades after fire. Dynamics of C differed among the stands. Data from either a single stand or a chronosequence in space can lead to different conclusions than those derived from multiple stands through time. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Slaughter, KW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 1998 VL 13 IS 2 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1080/02827589809382968 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZY195 UT WOS:000074595800002 ER PT B AU Rowell, RM AF Rowell, RM BE Prasad, PN Mark, JE Kandil, SH Kafafi, ZH TI Property enhanced natural fiber composite materials based on chemical modification SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF POLYMERS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials CY JAN 04-09, 1997 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP Minist Econ & Int Cooperat, IDSC, Dow Corning, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF, European Res Off, USA, Hoechst-Celanese, IDRC, Int Inst Theoret Phys Trieste, Off Naval Res, Europe, Off Naval Res, US, Saudi Basic Ind Corp, Social Fund Dev, TORAY Ind C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Rowell, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45820-9 PY 1998 BP 717 EP 732 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BL99X UT WOS:000077408000062 ER PT B AU Rowell, RM AF Rowell, RM BE Prasad, PN Mark, JE Kandil, SH Kafafi, ZH TI Economic opportunities in natural fiber-thermoplastic composites SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF POLYMERS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials CY JAN 04-09, 1997 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP Minist Econ & Int Cooperat, IDSC, Dow Corning, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF, European Res Off, USA, Hoechst-Celanese, IDRC, Int Inst Theoret Phys Trieste, Off Naval Res, Europe, Off Naval Res, US, Saudi Basic Ind Corp, Social Fund Dev, TORAY Ind C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Rowell, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45820-9 PY 1998 BP 869 EP 872 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BL99X UT WOS:000077408000075 ER PT S AU Uyemoto, JK AF Uyemoto, JK BE Ferguson, L Kester, D TI Yellow canopy disorders of almond trees in California SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PISTACHIOS AND ALMONDS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS DE phytoplasma; peach and plum and peach-almond hybrid rootstocks; union disorders; shriveled kernel; remission; abiotic disorders AB Five yellow canopy disorders of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. Webb], with different etiologies, have been studied over the past decade. Two of these yellow canopy syndromes were associated with peach yellow leafroll phytoplasma (PYLR-phytoplasma) and differences in disease symptoms were dependent upon the type of rootstock. Three other disorders were abiotic in nature; two were genetic and one was site-specific. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Uyemoto, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-780-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 470 BP 534 EP 538 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BL92E UT WOS:000077152900075 ER PT S AU Browne, GT Viveros, M AF Browne, GT Viveros, M BE Ferguson, L Kester, D TI Diverse symptoms and tree losses caused by Phytophthora spp. in California almonds SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PISTACHIOS AND ALMONDS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS DE Phytophthora; P-cactorum; P-citricola; P-megasperma; crown and root rot; Prunus AB The role of Phytophthora spp. in almond tree mortality was investigated in several California almond districts. In the Sacramento and upper San Joaquin Valleys, tree losses due to crown rot were prevalent during the spring and summer of 1996 and 1997. P. megasperma was commonly isolated from the dying trees, which were often of nonbearing age. In the lower San Joaquin Valley, tree losses occurred in several mature almond orchards during 1994-97 and were associated with rapidly advancing aerial cankers as well as crown rot. In one of the orchards, 9% of the trees died in 1994, another 2% died by 1996, and many remaining trees were symptomatic in 1997. In five other orchards, tree losses due to the lethal cankers ranged from less than 1% to more than 10%. Laboratory isolations and pathogenicity tests implicated P. cactorum and P. citricola as causal agents of the crown rot and cankers. Field observations provided evidence for an aerial as well as a subterranean mode of attack by P. citricola, whereas P. cactorum predominately attacked the root crown. The new finding of lethal aerial cankers in addition to crown rot suggests that multiple control strategies may be needed to protect against these Phytophthora diseases of almond. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Browne, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-780-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 470 BP 570 EP 575 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BL92E UT WOS:000077152900080 ER PT S AU Hua, SST Baker, JL Grosjean, OK AF Hua, SST Baker, JL Grosjean, OK BE Ferguson, L Kester, D TI Improvement of the quality and value of pistachios and almonds through preharvest biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PISTACHIOS AND ALMONDS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS DE saprophytic yeast; elimination of aflatoxin; control of sporulation; NOR mutant; antagonist AB Saprohytic yeasts have been isolated from pistachio and almond orchards on selective media. A visual bioassay has been developed to facilitate the screening of effective yeast isolates antagonistic to A. flavus. The NOR mutant of A. flavus was used in this visual bioassay because the enzyme norsolorinic acid reductase is blocked resulting in the accumulation of norsolorinic acid, a bright red-orange pigment, which is easily visualized. Each isolate of yeast was tested for its biocontrol activity by scoring its inhibitory effect on colony expansion and sporulation of NOR mutant. Certain yeast strains were found to confine the spreading of NOR mutant and reduce the red-orange pigment formation, an indication of prevention of aflatoxin production. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hua, SST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-780-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 470 BP 576 EP 581 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BL92E UT WOS:000077152900081 ER PT J AU Geyer, WA Rink, G AF Geyer, WA Rink, G TI Interaction effects of seed source, culture, and pest management on growth of Juglans nigra in plantations SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE black walnut; autumn-olive; provenance; seed source; interplanting; cultural treatments ID BLACK-WALNUT AB Several cultural treatments were applied to black walnut trees from five seed sources in a southern Illinois plantation. After 17 years, height and diameter results indicated that trees of the southern sources provided the best growth. Of all the treatments tested, only interplanting with autumn-olive with corrective pruning increased height and diameter. Increased height was first apparent at five years after planting, with the best trees being three meters tall. Autumn-olive treatments stimulated an average increase of 33% in walnut tree height compared with noninterplanted. Other single treatments (close spacing, annual seasonal spraying with benomyl and carbaryl insecticides, corrective pruning or application of 12-12-12 fertilizer) had no significant effect on height. Also, at 10 years of age, trees with the corrective pruning treatment and those from the northern sources in all treatment combinations had the most favorable form. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. US Forest Serv, Timber Lake Conservat Ctr, Estacada, OR 97023 USA. RP Geyer, WA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1998 VL 47 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 107LJ UT WOS:000075209500008 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR King, JN AF Johnson, GR King, JN TI Analysis of half diallel mating designs - I - A practical analysis procedure for ANOVA approximation SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE diallel matings; variance estimates; GCA; SCA AB Procedures to analyze half-diallel mating designs using the SAS statistical package are presented. The procedure requires two runs of PROC VARCOMP and results in estimates of additive and non-additive genetic variation. The procedures described can be modified to work on most statistical software packages which can compute variance component estimates. The procedure is relatively simple and provides unbiased estimates for balanced designs and gives good approximations for unbalanced data. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Minist Forests, Res Branch, Victoria, BC V8W 9C2, Canada. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1998 VL 47 IS 2-3 BP 74 EP 79 PG 6 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 127MW UT WOS:000076355900004 ER PT J AU Doede, DL Adams, WT AF Doede, DL Adams, WT TI The genetics of stem volume, stem form, and branch characteristics in sapling noble fir SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Abies procera; heritabilities; stem form traits; branching characteristics; genetic correlations ID COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; CONTROLLED CROSSES; ABIES-PROCERA; SELECTION; TRAITS AB Genetic parameters for stem volume, stem form, and branching traits, along with the genetic interrelationships among these traits, were estimated from measurements on 60 open-pollinated families of noble fir (Abies procera REHD.) planted on three progeny test sites in southwest Washington (U.S.). Large family-by-site interactions were evident when all three sites were analyzed together; consequently, data for the two low-elevation sites (<1200 m) were analyzed separately from the high-elevation site (1402 m). Significant family variation was present in at least one environment for 10 of the 13 traits examined. Estimates of narrow-sense heritabilities were low to moderate (0.09 to 0.49) for all traits. With the exception of branch number and stem sinuosity, genetic correlations among stem growth, stem form, and branch traits were weak or favorable, so that selection for stem growth should have few unfavorable effects. Amounts of genetic and phenotypic variation present indicate that moderate gains from selection and breeding programs are possible for stem growth traits, while lesser gains can be achieved for stem form and branching traits. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Doede, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Trout Lake, WA 98650 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1998 VL 47 IS 4 BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 152RT UT WOS:000077791100001 ER PT J AU McKeand, SE Bridgwater, FE AF McKeand, SE Bridgwater, FE TI A strategy for the third breeding cycle of loblolly pine in the Southeastern US SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE elite breeding populations; genetic gain; mating designs; Pinus taeda L.; testing designs ID NONSELECTED POPULATION; EXPECTED EFFICIENCIES; GENE CONSERVATION; MATING DESIGNS; SELECTION; IMPROVEMENT; TESTS; GAIN; PLAN; AGE AB A strategy for the North Carolina State University - Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program's third-cycle breeding for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was developed to provide genetic gain in the short-term as well as to maintain genetic diversity so that long-term genetic gains will also be possible. Our strategy will be to manage a hierarchy of three populations, each at a different level of intensity. The mainline population will consist of about 160 selections that are available to each cooperator in a given geographic region (i.e. recruitment population). These populations will be managed as subdivided breeding populations (40 sublines of 4 trees each) primarily to provide for long-term genetic gain and diversity. The most intensively selected and managed hierarchy will be the elite populations. A highly selected group of trees (approximately 40 selections) will be managed to provide short-term genetic gain for each member's program. A third hierarchy will be the genetic diversity archives managed to preserve and breed genotypes with extreme breeding Values for individual traits (not necessarily for all traits combined) as an insurance population for environmental or selection criteria changes in future generations. The improved efficiency of this breeding strategy along with the reduction in population sizes compared to the current program, will result in a substantial reduction in effort by individual cooperators. The increase in selection intensity from reducing the population sizes and the increased rate of breeding made possible by mating fewer trees mill substantially increase gains in subsequent generations. While the most intensive effort will be devoted to those populations providing immediate genetic and financial gain, the long-term well-being of the genetic resource will be maintained by judicious management of all three hierarchies. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Cooperat Tree Improvement Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Texas A&M Univ, So Forest Expt Stn, USDA Forest Serv, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McKeand, SE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Cooperat Tree Improvement Program, Box 8002, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 64 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1998 VL 47 IS 4 BP 223 EP 234 PG 12 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 152RT UT WOS:000077791100009 ER PT J AU Brodie, SJ de la Concha-Bermejillo, A Snowder, GD DeMartini, JC AF Brodie, SJ de la Concha-Bermejillo, A Snowder, GD DeMartini, JC TI Current concepts in the epizootiology, diagnosis, and economic importance of ovine progressive pneumonia in North America: A review SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE ovine lentivirus; epizootiology; diagnosis; molecular biology; disease pathogenesis; review ID MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; LYMPHOID INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PHENOTYPICALLY DISTINCT LENTIVIRUSES; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; ISOGENEIC TWIN LAMBS; IMMUNODIFFUSION TEST; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; UNITED-STATES; ENV-GENE AB Lentiviruses, a genus of retroviruses, include the agents that cause ovine progressive pneumonia or maedi. Infection is characterized by long incubation periods and insidious, slowly progressive clinical courses resulting in chronic degenerative diseases. The ovine lentiviruses are widespread among sheep in North America, yet their significance to livestock production is currently not well defined. Lentiviruses persist and replicate in the presence of host specific immune responses and cause immune-mediated lesions in several organ systems. Due to this unusual relationship with their host, the diagnosis, control and treatment of these infections is difficult and expensive. Scientific studies on the biology of ovine lentiviruses (OvLV) and their complex relationship with the host are yielding new approaches to the detection of infected animals and methods for study of the epizootiology and control of OvLV-related diseases, We summarize some of the known biological properties of the virus, spectrum of clinical features of the diseases, current concepts of disease pathogenesis, economic importance, and strategies used to diagnose and control OvLV infections. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Div Virol, Retrovirus Lab,Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. USDA ARS, Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Brodie, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Div Virol, Retrovirus Lab,Dept Lab Med, Room T293X,MS 357242, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 105 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(97)00019-9 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA YQ571 UT WOS:000071401200001 ER PT J AU Taylor, HS MacKay, WP Herrick, JE Guerrero, RA Whitford, WG AF Taylor, HS MacKay, WP Herrick, JE Guerrero, RA Whitford, WG TI Comparison of field methods to detect termite activity in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert (Isoptera) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES; URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; RHINOTERMITIDAE; POPULATION; WOOD; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; MOISTURE; DENSITY AB The subterranean termites, Gnathamitermes tubiformans (Buckley) and Amitermes wheeleri (Desneux), play an essential role in terrestrial ecosystems of the northern Chihuahuan Desert. They regulate nutrient turnover, contribute to patterns of nutrient concentration, and determine the diversity and heterogeneity of desert plant communities. Therefore, they are considered keystone species in northern Chilluahuan Desert ecosystems. Our objectives were to compare the efficiency and cost effectiveness of six field procedures to detect termite activity. Efficiency was defined as the relative ability to attract termites during a given period of time. Cost effectiveness was based on the number of hours involved in preparing, handling and processing the samples, The methods included artificial baits, natural baits, and litter sweeps. The specific baits were: uncoated corrugated cardboard blocks, unscented generic rolls of toilet paper, cattle dung, fluff grass (Dasyochloa pulchella), and soap-tree yucca (Yucca elata) stalks. In addition, termites were collected with litter sweeps. Results show that cattle dung is the most efficient in detecting termite activity, and litter sweeps the most cost effective, although also least efficient. The results of this study will benefit future termite studies on consumption rates, and relative population densities. C1 Univ Texas, Centennial Museum, Lab Environm Biol, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US EPA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Taylor, HS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Centennial Museum, Lab Environm Biol, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZW865 UT WOS:000074456100001 ER PT J AU Klotz, JH Greenberg, L Reid, BL Davis, L AF Klotz, JH Greenberg, L Reid, BL Davis, L TI Spatial distribution of colonies of three carpenter ants, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, Camponotus floridanus, Camponotus laevigatus (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Camponotus pennsylvanicus; Camponotus floridanus; Camponotus laevigatus; pest control ID RECOGNITION AB Spatial distribution and nest sites of Camponotus pennsylvanicus in Indiana, Camponotus floridanus in Florida, and Camponotus laevigatus in California were compared. For C. floridanus, colony size was also determined. Substantial differences exist in the adaptations of these three species to their respective environments. C. pennsylvanicus nests were located in standing, live trees, C.floridanus nests were located in rotten logs or in the ground beneath objects, and C. laevigatus nests were located in stumps or logs. The significance of these differences for pest control of carpenter ants is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Klotz, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Greenberg, Les/G-5014-2013 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZW865 UT WOS:000074456100004 ER PT J AU DuBois, MB Davis, LR AF DuBois, MB Davis, LR TI Stenamma foveolocephalum (=S-carolinense) rediscovered (HYMENOPTERA : Formicidae : Myrmicinae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Workers representing Stenamma carolinense were recently collected in the Florida panhandle, the first recorded collection since 1937. Workers representing Stenamma foveolocephalum were subsequently collected in Mississippi, the first recorded collection since 1930. Additional specimens were collected in Alabama. After examining this material and comparing it with known types, we synonymize S. carolinense with S. foveolocephalum. Apparently this taxon is active near the surface only during winter months which may explain why this ant has not been encountered for over 50 years. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USDA ARS, Med & Vet Entomol Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Florida State Collect Anthropods, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP DuBois, MB (reprint author), 116 Burton St, Washington, IL 61571 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 125 EP 138 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZW865 UT WOS:000074456100011 ER PT J AU Watts, FC Carlisle, VW AF Watts, FC Carlisle, VW TI Soils of flatwoods and associated landforms of Florida SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this paper is to present some current concepts regarding landscapes, landforms and soils for Flatwoods and associated landforms in Florida. These landforms occur in both the thermic temperature regime (TTR) and the hyperthermic temperature regime (HTR), predominantly as an irregular belt of coastal lowlands with elevations that are generally less than 40 m (150 feet) above mean sea level. The South Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Lowlands landscape in Florida includes landforms such as: (a) flatwoods, (b) depressions, (c) flood plains, (d) flats, (e) rises, and (f) knells. The South Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Lowlands landscape accounts for approximate to 53% of the total land area in the state. Each landform within the landscape can be readily identified by the trained observer. Most soils of flatwoods landforms have developed spodic (Bh) horizons, with flatwoods and associated landforms also commonly underlain by a deeper (second) spodic horizon or by an argillic (Bt) horizon. Spodic horizons may be entirely lacking in some areas, where the soil is typically underlain by an argillic horizon instead. In some areas the argillic horizon is directly underlain, in turn, by limestone. Typically, soils occurring in depressions, flats, and flood plains are hydric; conversely, soils occurring in flatwoods, rises, and knolls are nonhydric. C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Baldwin, FL 32234 USA. RP Watts, FC (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Baldwin, FL 32234 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE FLORIDA PI IMMOKALEE PA 2686 S R 29 N, IMMOKALEE, FL 34142 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1998 VL 57 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 250JD UT WOS:000083384500010 ER PT J AU Guo, XS Sinclair, TR Ray, JD AF Guo, XS Sinclair, TR Ray, JD TI Effect of drought history on recovery of transpiration, photosynthesis, and leaf area development in maize SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE; IRRIGATION; SORGHUM AB There have been many studies on the influence of drought stress on plants, but surprisingly few studies have considered development and growth after rewatering. This research was undertaken to examine specifically the response of maize (Zea mays L.) plants during the recovery phase following: water-deficit periods of differing severity and duration. Two levels of severity and three durations of drought stress were imposed on greenhouse-grown maize plants during the vegetative development phase. The soil was fully rewatered following each stress period and plant recovery was observed for at least 5 d. Decreases in final plant dry weight at anthesis paralleled duration and severity of the drought stress. Water-use efficiency did not vary among the various drought-stress treatments. Plant measurements during the recovery phase included plant transpiration rate, leaf photosynthetic rate, and leaf area. Transpiration and photosynthesis recovered quickly (within 2 to 4 d) after rewatering for all drought treatments. The area of individual leaves was permanently decreased for those leaves developing during the drought-stress period, so that plant leaf area was initially decreased. However plant leaf area became equivalent to the control following rewatering as a result of the senescence pattern for leaves on the plant. Fewer bottom leaves senesced by anthesis on the drought-stressed plants as compared to control plants, so that green leaf areas on drought-stressed plants eventually became equivalent to that of the control. Overall, recovery of the maize plants was such that, by anthesis, the stressed plants were nearly equivalent to control plants in all traits except plant dry weight. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, SAA, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, SAA, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE FLORIDA PI IMMOKALEE PA 2686 S R 29 N, IMMOKALEE, FL 34142 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1998 VL 57 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 250JD UT WOS:000083384500014 ER PT J AU McCarty, GW Siddaramappa, R Wright, RJ AF McCarty, GW Siddaramappa, R Wright, RJ TI Potential error associated with measurement of carbon mineralization in soil treated with coal combustion byproducts SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLY-ASH; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BY-PRODUCTS C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McCarty, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 30 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00091-6 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YQ233 UT WOS:000071364400012 ER PT B AU Grossman, RB Harms, DS Kuzila, MS Glaum, SA Hartung, SL Fortner, JR AF Grossman, RB Harms, DS Kuzila, MS Glaum, SA Hartung, SL Fortner, JR BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Organic carbon in deep alluvium in southeast Nebraska and northeast Kansas SO SOIL PROCESSES AND THE CARBON CYCLE SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Grossman, RB (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Fed Bldg,Room 152,100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7441-3 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BK14T UT WOS:000071337600004 ER PT B AU Linden, DR Clapp, CE AF Linden, DR Clapp, CE BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Effect of corn and soybean residues on earthworm cast carbon content and natural abundance isotope signature SO SOIL PROCESSES AND THE CARBON CYCLE SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Linden, DR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 1530 Cleveland Ave N,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7441-3 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 345 EP 351 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BK14T UT WOS:000071337600024 ER PT B AU Herrick, JE Wander, MM AF Herrick, JE Wander, MM BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Relationships between soil organic carbon and soil quality in cropped and rangeland soils: The importance of distribution, composition, and soil biological activity SO SOIL PROCESSES AND THE CARBON CYCLE SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept 3JER, Jornada Exp Range,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 0 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7441-3 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 405 EP 425 PG 21 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BK14T UT WOS:000071337600028 ER PT B AU McQuaid, BF Olson, GL AF McQuaid, BF Olson, GL BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Soil quality indices of Piedmont sites under different management systems SO SOIL PROCESSES AND THE CARBON CYCLE SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP McQuaid, BF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, NRCS, 1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7441-3 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 427 EP 433 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BK14T UT WOS:000071337600029 ER PT B AU Cambardella, CA AF Cambardella, CA BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Experimental verification of simulated soil organic matter pools SO SOIL PROCESSES AND THE CARBON CYCLE SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cambardella, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7441-3 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 519 EP 526 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BK14T UT WOS:000071337600035 ER PT J AU Johnson, RM Pepperman, AB Selim, HM AF Johnson, RM Pepperman, AB Selim, HM TI Field mobility and persistence of alginate controlled release formulations of atrazine SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE herbicides; leaching; formulation; triazine; degradation ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRINKING-WATER; ALACHLOR; SOIL; METRIBUZIN; HERBICIDES AB The mobility and persistence of alginate-encapsulated controlled release (CR) formulations of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] were compared with commercial formulations of atrazine in field studies on a Sharkey clay soil, Commercial and CR formulations were applied at a rate of 2.24 kg active ingredient ha(-1) to 30-m(-2) plots planted to sugarcane (second stubble), Three replications of each treatment were included in a randomized complete block design, Soil samples were taken at several depths by extraction with methanol, and the atrazine content was determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A subset of the samples was analyzed by a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) for comparison purposes, The results indicated that CR formulations provided greater retention of atrazine in the soil surface horizon than was observed for the commercial liquid formulation, Although all formulations exhibited a decrease in surface concentrations by the last sampling period (4.5 months after application), CR formulations were slightly more persistent than the commercial formulation, Neither the commercial nor the controlled release formulation increased the amount of atrazine leached into subsoils, Enzyme immunoassay results correlated well with GC-ECD (r = 0.76***, n = 27; r = 0.85***, n = 26), The EIA method predicted slightly higher atrazine concentrations than the GC method and also gave false-positive results, It was hypothesized that atrazine metabolites were responsible for these effects, The EIA antibody used for this work is known to crossreact with these compounds, Despite the cross-reactivity observations, significant differences were still observed between atrazine formulations and sampling dates. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Johnson, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 163 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1097/00010694-199801000-00007 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YU655 UT WOS:000071740600007 ER PT J AU Lehrsch, GA AF Lehrsch, GA TI Freeze-thaw cycles increase near-surface aggregate stability SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE freezing; thawing; soil physical properties; wet sieving; soil depth ID ORGANIC-MATTER; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; SOIL; MINERALOGY; TEXTURE; WET; COHESION AB Soils with stable surface aggregates resist water and wind erosion better than soils with unstable aggregates, From earlier studies, we had preliminary evidence that one to three freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) increased soil aggregate stability when measured by wet sieving field-moist aggregates, In this study, we measured the stability of aggregates vapor-wetted to field capacity from the Ap horizons of four soils after undergoing either zero, one, two, or four FTCs, and we determined the number of FTCs at which aggregate stability would be greatest for each soil, Moist soil was packed to a dry bulk density of 1.15 Mg m(-3) by tapping it into 28-mm-diameter, 50-mm-tall brass cylinders, Each cylinder was then sealed in a polyethylene bag and inserted into a polystyrene foam tray, The soil in each cylinder was frozen convectively at -5 degrees C for 48 h and then thawed at +6 degrees C for 48 h for each FTC, Aggregate stability increased with the first one to two FTCs but changed little thereafter, Trend analysis revealed that aggregate stability would be greatest after two or three FTCs, When averaged across the four soils, FTCs stabilized aggregates more at 0 to 15 mm than at 15 to 30 mm. Near the surface of wet soils, two or three FTCs may be beneficial rather than detrimental to soil structure. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lehrsch, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM Lehrsch@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov NR 27 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 27 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 163 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1097/00010694-199801000-00009 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YU655 UT WOS:000071740600009 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD West, LT AF Bosch, DD West, LT TI Hydraulic conductivity variability for two sandy soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT-HEAD PERMEAMETER; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; BOREHOLE PERMEAMETER; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; GUELPH PERMEAMETER; INSITU MEASUREMENT; WELL PERMEAMETER; VADOSE ZONE; SORPTIVITY; FLOW AB Reliable estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity are a prerequisite for accurate estimations of water Bow and chemical transport through soil profiles, While informative, mean estimates of flow and transport have been shown to be inadequate for modeling purposes, Distributions and variances along with mean predictions provide a better form of model input. The spatial variability of field-measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-fs) was investigated on a transect across a 1-ha field in west-central Georgia. The field includes two soil types, a Pine Flat loamy sand (coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) and a Troup sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Kandiudult). Estimates of K-fs were calculated using data collected with a constant-head permeameter, Mean, variance, and distribution data were determined for each soil and four selected horizons. Calculated values in the top 2 m of the soil profiles ranged from 0.07 to 117 mm h(-1) for the Pine Flat loamy sand and from 23 to 406 mm h(-1) for the Troup sand, Statistical differences between K-fs data calculated for the lower soil profiles coincide with soil textural differences observed with depth and across the plot. Semivariances for ln K-fs data were calculated and models fit to the semivariograms. Random behavior, with little spatial correlation, dominated the in K-fs data for the upper 0.5 m of the Pine Flat soil and the 2.0-m measurement for the Troup soil. Observed correlation ranges varied from 2 to 166 m, Large statistical differences in K-fs were observed for the adjacent soils. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dbosch@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 33 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 90 EP 98 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900012 ER PT J AU Starr, JL Paltineanu, IC AF Starr, JL Paltineanu, IC TI Soil water dynamics using multisensor capacitance probes in nontraffic interrows of corn SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; MOISTURE; SYSTEM AB Water is often the primary factor limiting plant growth, and it is the primary agent for moving plant nutrients and pesticides to streams and groundwater. This study was conducted to assess the capabilities of recently developed multisensor capacitance probes and monitoring systems to measure the dynamics of soil water content under longterm field-scale conditions, and to quantify in real time the spatial variation of soil water content under plow-tillage (PT) and no-tillage (NT) corn (Zea mays L). Probes were placed at eight nontraffic interrow locations, with cable lengths ranging from 25 to 125 m, on a 0.5-ha field site. The capacitance sensors were centered st four soil depths and readings were taken every 10 min by the data-logging system. Real-time dynamics of soil water change following 82 mm of rainfall in the spring were used to identify the apparent water-holding capacity within the sensor depths (5-55 cm) under NT as 171 mm and 155 mm under PT. Rates of soil water loss with a full canopy of corn were 90% of high evapotranspiration (ET) demand. Breaking points were observed and calculated between high and low rates of soil water loss, under full canopy and high ET demand. Changes from high to Low rates of soil water loss were more evident in PT plots (62% reduction) than in NT plots (46% reduction), At the end of three drying cycles during the growing season, there was an average of 37 mm more water (5-55-cm soil depth) under NT than PT. The multisensor capacitance probes proved to be highly sensitive and robust for field-scale, real-time, soil water research. C1 ARS, USDA, Nat Resources Inst, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Starr, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Resources Inst, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900015 ER PT J AU Shao, MG Horton, R Jaynes, DB AF Shao, MG Horton, R Jaynes, DB TI Analytical solution for one-dimensional heat conduction-convection equation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; INFILTRATION; WATER; TEMPERATURE; FLUX; SOIL AB Coupled conduction and convection heat transfer occurs in soil when a significant amount of water is moving continuously through soil. Prime examples are rainfall and irrigation, We developed an analytical solution for the heat conduction-convection equation. The solution for the upper boundary of the first type is obtained by Fourier transformation, Results from the analytical solution are compared with data from a field infiltration experiment with natural temperature variations. The predicted temperature values are very similar to the observed values, Temperature changes with time for different soil depths are predicted from conduction-convection theory and from conduction theory alone. During infiltration, convective heat transfer contributed significantly to the temperature changes at all soil depths monitored. The theory also quite accurately predicts temperature effects on surface infiltration. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900016 ER PT J AU Celis, R Cornejo, J Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC AF Celis, R Cornejo, J Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC TI Sorption of atrazine and simazine by model associations of soil colloids SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ADSORPTION MECHANISMS; CLAY COMPONENTS; SURFACE-AREA; MONTMORILLONITE; SPECTROSCOPY; DESORPTION; FRACTIONS; METHOMYL; IRON AB The effect of association processes between single model soil components (i.e., Ca-saturated montmorillonite [CaSWy], ferrihydrite [Ferrih], and soil and commercial humic acid [HA]) upon their association in binary and ternary CaSWy-Ferrih-HA systems on physicochemical properties (specific surface area, pH, and basal spacing) and on triazine herbicide sorptive behavior was determined. Ferrihydrite coatings on CaSWy increased the specific surface area of the clay and slightly decreased pH, whereas HA coatings on CaSWy and Ferrih decreased both specific surface area and pH. Further association of HA with the CaSWy-Ferrih binary system decreased the specific surface area, but did not change the pH. Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) and simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine) sorption-desorption data showed that the sorptive behavior of the associations is not the simple sum of the sorption on single components. The HA association with CaSWy increased sorption of both herbicides by the clay, as suggested by an increase in sorption capacity (K-oc) for the CaSWy-HA binary system. Although Ferrih did not sorb either triazine, Ferrih coatings on CaSWy increased sorption of both herbicides on the clay. The association of HA with Ferrih sorbed both triazines, but K-oc decreased compared with HA alone. Further association of the CaSWy-Ferrih binary system with soil HA decreased the sorption, whereas association with commercial HA increased it. Desorption isotherms of atrazine and simazine showed that sorption by the model associations was reversible. C1 Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, CSIC, Seville 41080, Spain. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cornejo, J (reprint author), Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, CSIC, POB 1052, Seville 41080, Spain. RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 NR 38 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900022 ER PT J AU Amelung, W Zech, W Zhang, X Follett, RF Tiessen, H Knox, E Flach, KW AF Amelung, W Zech, W Zhang, X Follett, RF Tiessen, H Knox, E Flach, KW TI Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur pools in particle-size fractions as influenced by climate SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; GREAT PLAINS; CULTIVATION; TEMPERATURE; GRASSLANDS; TURNOVER; TEXTURE AB The response of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics to climate change may be deduced from changes in the distribution of SOM among different C pools. The distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, and total S in particle-size fractions were measured to assess the influences of climate. Clay (<2 mu m), silt (220 mu m), fine sand (20-250 mu m), and coarse sand (250-2000 mu m) fractions were obtained from composite soil samples from the top 10 cm of 21 native grassland sites along temperature and precipitation transects from Saskatoon, Canada, to southern Texas, USA. The clay fraction contained about 43% of the total SOC, 56% of the total N, and 62% of the total S. The SOC and total-N concentrations in the clay fraction, relative to those in the bulk soil, increased significantly across sites with increasing annual temperature, decreasing annual precipitation, and decreasing clay content (multiple R-2 = 0.80*** [significant at P = 0.001] for SOC and 0.83*** for N); the concentration of SOM in the fine sand fraction showed the opposite trends. Principal axis component analyses confirmed that both clay and fine sand fractions comprised sensitive SOC and N pools related to climate, whereas S seemed to be controlled by factors other than those regulating the dynamics of SOC and N. These results suggest that SORI is preferably decayed from pools of the fine sand fractions with increasing temperature, resulting in a relative enrichment of SOM stabilized on clay. C1 Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Sci, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Inst Soil Res, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Amelung, W (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Sci, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RI Amelung, Wulf/H-2136-2013 OI Amelung, Wulf/0000-0002-4920-4667 NR 28 TC 159 Z9 181 U1 2 U2 56 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 172 EP 181 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900023 ER PT J AU Huggins, DR Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Lamb, JA Layese, MF AF Huggins, DR Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Lamb, JA Layese, MF TI Carbon dynamics in corn-soybean sequences as estimated from natural carbon-13 abundance SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; C-13/C-12 RATIOS; GRASSLAND SOILS; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; C-13 ABUNDANCE; NITROGEN; TURNOVER; TILLAGE; DECOMPOSITION AB Carbon now in terrestrial ecosystems regulates partitioning between soil organic C (SOC) and atmospheric CO2. Our objectives were to assess SOC dynamics using natural C-13 abundance in corn (Zea mays L., a C-4 species)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., a C-3 species] sequences. Fifteen treatments of continuous corn, continuous soybean, various sequences of corn and soybean, and fallow were initiated in 1981 at Lamberton, MN, on a Webster clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll). In 1991, soil and aboveground shoot samples from all treatments were analyzed for total organic C and delta(13)C. Carbon inputs, delta(13)C, and SOC were integrated into a two-pool model to evaluate C dynamics of corn and soybean. Total SOC was similar across all treatments after 10 yr; however, differences in soil delta(13)C occurred between continuous corn (delta(13)C = -17.2 parts per thousand) and continuous soybean (delta(13)C = -18.2 parts per thousand). Modeled C dynamics showed SOC decay rates of 0.011 yr(-1) for C-4-derived C and 0.007 yr(-1) for C-3- derived C, and humification rates of 0.16 yr(-1) for corn and O.11 yr(-1) for soybean. Decay and humification rates were slightly lower than those found in other Corn Belt studies. Levels of SOC were predicted to decline an additional 7 to 18% with current C inputs from either corn or soybean, respectively. Annual C additions required for SOC maintenance averaged 5.6 Mg C ha(-1), 1.4 to 2.1 times greater than previously reported estimates. Controlled variation in natural C-13 abundance in corn-soybean rotations during a 10-yr period adequately traced C dynamics. C1 Univ Minnesota, SW Expt Stn, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Huggins, DR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, SW Expt Stn, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. EM dhuggins@soils.umn.edu NR 60 TC 79 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 195 EP 203 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900026 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Angle, JS Chaney, RL van Berkum, P AF Ibekwe, AM Angle, JS Chaney, RL van Berkum, P TI Zinc and cadmium effects on Rhizobia and white clover using chelator-buffered nutrient solution SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEGUMINOSARUM BIOVAR TRIFOLII; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PAST APPLICATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; SURVIVAL; MEDIA AB Toxicity of metals to plants and microbes depends on the chemical activities of metals in the soil solution. To examine the effects of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) activities on white clover (Trifolim repens L.), Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, the infection process, and nodulation, a growth chamber study was conducted. The chelator EGTA [ethylene-bis(oxyethylenetrinitrilo) tetraacetate] was used to buffer Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) activities in nutrient solution from pZn(2+) = 8.0 to 5.0 and pCd(2+) = 10.5 to 8.0 mol L(-1). Plants gown in pZn(2+) = 5.0 and pCd(2+) = 8.75 and 8.65 were stunted and chlorotic with interveinal necrosis. Shoot concentrations of Zn and Cd averaged >200 and 40 mg kg(-1), respectively, in these treatments. This resulted in a 60% yield reduction for plants grown in pZn(2+) = 5.0. In pCd(2+) = 8.75 and 8.65, 40 and 60% yield reductions, respectively, were observed. In treatments where mineral N was supplied to plants, 20 to 35% greater shoot yield was recorded compared,vith plants inoculated with rhizobia, presumably due to a period of starvation for N due to the delay in the onset of fixation. Nodulation was observed at all Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) activities. At pCd(2+) = 8.75 and 8.65, however, there was a delay in nodulation. Most nodules were effective in NL fixation irrespective of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) activity. Enumeration of viable cells showed a significant decline of total cell counts from 10(5.5) cells mL(-1) in the control to 10(5.8) and 10(4.5) cells mL(-1) at the highest Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) activities, respectively. At the activities studied, Cd was more toxic to rhizobia and nodulation than Zn. At the highest Cd(2+) activity, however, plants were killed within 48 h due to metal toxicity. This technique showed for the first time that toxicity of Zn and Cd was greater to plants than to rhizobia. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Agron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Angle, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Agron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ja35@umail.umd.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 204 EP 211 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900027 ER PT J AU Lesch, SM Herrero, J Rhoades, JD AF Lesch, SM Herrero, J Rhoades, JD TI Monitoring for temporal changes in soil salinity using electromagnetic induction techniques SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION AB Electromagnetic induction surveys are often used in practice to estimate field-scale soil salinity patterns, and to infer changing salinity conditions with time, We developed a statistical monitoring strategy that uses electromagnetic induction data and repetitive soil sampling to measure changing soil salinity conditions. This monitoring approach requires (i) the estimation of a conditional regression model that is capable of predicting soil salinity from electromagnetic (EM) survey data, and (ii) the acquisition of new soil samples at tno or more previously established sun ey sites, so that formal tests can be made on the differences between the predicted and observed salinity levels, We examined two test statistics in detail: a test for detecting dynamic spatial variation in the new salinity pattern and a test for detecting a change in the field median salinity level with time, We applied this monitoring and testing strategy to two EM survey-soil salinity data sets collected at multiple points in time from the saline irrigation district of Flumen, Spain, Our results demonstrate that this monitoring approach was successfully able to quantify the temporal changes in the soil salinity patterns occurring within these two fields. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Govt Aragon, Soils & Irragat Dep, SIA, Zaragoza 50080, Spain. RP Lesch, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Spring Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. OI Herrero, Juan/0000-0002-4132-4920 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 232 EP 242 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900030 ER PT J AU Helming, K Romkens, MJM Prasad, SN AF Helming, K Romkens, MJM Prasad, SN TI Surface roughness related processes of runoff and soil loss: A flume study SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OVERLAND-FLOW; DEPRESSIONAL STORAGE; RAINFALL; EROSION; TILLAGE; COEFFICIENTS; MICRORELIEF; HYDRAULICS; INTENSITY; VELOCITY AB Soil surface roughness greatly affects surface sealing and runoff generation, yet little information is available about the effect of roughness on the spatial distribution of runoff and on now concentration. This study tested the hypothesis that runoff distribution and now concentration differ with roughness and affect the amount of soil loss. Sequences of four rainstorms of constant rainfall amount but decreasing intensity (60, 45, 30, and 15 mm h(-1)) were applied to the Ap horizon material of a loess soil (Glossic Fragiudalf) packed into a 0.6 by 3.7 m flume. Rough, medium, and smooth soil surfaces were studied at 17, 8, and 2% slope steepness. Surface roughness and flow pathways were visualized with digital elevation maps obtained from laser microrelief measurements. On the smooth surfaces, runoff was uniformly distributed during the first two rainstorms and soil losses were 0.23, 0.07, and 0.12 kg m(-2) for the first and 2.26, 0.35, and 0.2 kg m(-2) for the second storm at 17, 8, and 2% slope steepness, respectively. On the rough and medium surfaces, flow concentrated in pathways between clods and soil losses were up to eight and three times that on the smooth surfaces during the first and second storms, respectively. During the last two storms, now concentrated also on the smooth surfaces and soil losses were similar for the three initially different surface configurations. Surface roughness effects on runoff amount were minor, but roughness affected the spatial distribution of runoff, thereby affecting the amount of soil loss. C1 Dept Soil Landscape Res, Ctr Agr Landscape, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. Dept Soil Landscape Res, Land Use Res, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Helming, K (reprint author), Dept Soil Landscape Res, Ctr Agr Landscape, Eberswalder Str 84, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. NR 31 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900031 ER PT J AU Dao, TH AF Dao, TH TI Tillage and crop residue effects on carbon dioxide evolution and carbon storage in a Paleustoll SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SOIL RESPIRATION; WHEAT STRAW; NO-TILLAGE; FRACTIONS; SYSTEMS AB Cultivation, high temperatures, and a semiarid climate accelerate organic carbon (OC) loss and weaken soil structure in the Southern Plains. Our hypothesis was that differences in soil C storage attributable able to tillage method are related to differences in soil respiration and microbial biomass dynamics. Carbon dioxide fluxes following wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest were determined in Bethany silt loam (fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Paleustoll). Treatments were moldboard plowing (MP) and no-till (NT) at two residue rates (0 and 4 Mg ha(-1)). Soil respiration was measured from 1 August to 30 September using closed chambers. Peak CO2-C flux densities reached 1.3 g m(-1) d(-1) in NT for 2 d and stabilized at 0.4 g m(-1) d(-1). The CO2-C evolution peaked at 4.1 and 2.9 g m(-1) d(-1) in MP with and without buried residues, respectively. After 3 d, they decreased to a steady state of 0.4 g m(-1) d(-1). Daily average temperatures in the 0- to 0.2-m depth were 0.5 to 3.4 degrees C higher under MP than NT, increasing microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), biomass C, and CO2-C fluxes. The proportion of soil OC respired in the 60-d period was twice as great under MP than NT, accounting for 0.42 to 0.58% and 0.19 to 0.22%. respectively. After 11 yr, NT soil OC showed increases of 65, 17, and 7% over the MP for the 0- to 0.05-m, 0.05- to 0.1-m, and 0.1- to 0.2-m depths, respectively. Tillage and residue incorporation en enhanced C mineralization and atmospheric fluxes, suggesting that tillage intensity should be decreased to reduce C loss. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 28 TC 86 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 250 EP 256 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900032 ER PT J AU Merrill, SD Ries, RE Power, JF AF Merrill, SD Ries, RE Power, JF TI Subsoil characteristics and landscape position affect productivity of reconstructed mine soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REQUIREMENTS; THICKNESS; TOPSOIL AB The placement of soil materials on minespoils during reclamation affects soil profile and landscape aspects of soil productivity, We hypothesized that the productivity of soil reconstructed by topsoil-subsoil placement on sodic minespoil would be influenced by subsoil characteristics. A 1.4-ha double wedge was constructed in west-central North Dakota (annual precipitation 440 mm) from three subsoil materials (1.2-m thickness at peak) placed in strips over smoothed minespoils so that north-and south-facing slopes were 5 and 1.5%, respectively. Material mostly from B horizons of dominantly Argiboroll soils was used for subsoil treatments: (A) 50% clay; (B) 29% clay; and (C) 13% clay, Subsoils were covered with 0.2 m of mostly A horizon topsoil, Forage yields of crested wheatgrass [CWG, Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.] were highest on C subsoil plots 4 yr out of 5 observed, and Russian wildrye [RWR, Psathyrostchys juncea (Fisch.) Nevshi] were highest on C subsoil plots 3 yr out of 4 observed, In contrast, 2 yr of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed yields (824 kg ha(-1) avg.) were 20 to 50% larger on A subsoil plots than on C subsoil, with B yields intermediate, Forage grass yields on north sideslopes of C subsoil plots averaged 1370 and 1040 kg ha(-1) for CWG and RWR, about 20 to 60% greater than yields on other positions and subsoils, The largest spring wheat yields, 1068 kg ha(-1), occurred on north sideslope positions of A subsoil plots, Sandy loam subsoils can enhance forage grass yields in rolling lands, while spring wheat yields can be increased by subsoils with greater water-holding capacity. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Merrill, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 263 EP 271 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YY642 UT WOS:000072168900034 ER PT B AU Goodrich, DC Chehbouni, A Goff, B MacNish, B Maddock, T Moran, S Shuttleworth, WJ Williams, DG Toth, JJ Watts, C Hipps, LH Cooper, DI Schieldge, J Kerr, YH Arias, H Kirkland, M Carlos, R Kepner, W Jones, B Avissar, R Begue, A Boulet, G Branan, B Braud, I Brunel, JP Chen, LC Clarke, T Davis, MR Dauzat, J DeBruin, H Dedieu, G Eichinger, WE Elguero, E Everitt, J Garatuza-Payan, J Garibay, A Gempko, VL Gupta, H Harlow, C Hartogensis, O Helfert, M Holifield, C Hymer, D Kahle, A Keefer, T Krishnamoorthy, S Lhomme, JP Lo Seen, D Luquet, D Marsett, R Monteny, B Ni, W Nouvellon, Y Pinker, R Peters, C Pool, D Qi, J Rambal, S Rey, H Rodriguez, J Sano, E Schaeffer, SM Schulte, M Scott, R Shao, X Snyder, KA Sorooshian, S Unkrich, CL Whitaker, M Yucel, I AF Goodrich, DC Chehbouni, A Goff, B MacNish, B Maddock, T Moran, S Shuttleworth, WJ Williams, DG Toth, JJ Watts, C Hipps, LH Cooper, DI Schieldge, J Kerr, YH Arias, H Kirkland, M Carlos, R Kepner, W Jones, B Avissar, R Begue, A Boulet, G Branan, B Braud, I Brunel, JP Chen, LC Clarke, T Davis, MR Dauzat, J DeBruin, H Dedieu, G Eichinger, WE Elguero, E Everitt, J Garatuza-Payan, J Garibay, A Gempko, VL Gupta, H Harlow, C Hartogensis, O Helfert, M Holifield, C Hymer, D Kahle, A Keefer, T Krishnamoorthy, S Lhomme, JP Lo Seen, D Luquet, D Marsett, R Monteny, B Ni, W Nouvellon, Y Pinker, R Peters, C Pool, D Qi, J Rambal, S Rey, H Rodriguez, J Sano, E Schaeffer, SM Schulte, M Scott, R Shao, X Snyder, KA Sorooshian, S Unkrich, CL Whitaker, M Yucel, I GP AMS AMS TI An overview of the 1997 activities of the semi-arid land-surface-atmosphere (SALSA) program SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Goodrich, DC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Lo Seen, Danny/C-2679-2008; Boulet, Gilles/C-3067-2013 OI Lo Seen, Danny/0000-0002-7773-2109; Boulet, Gilles/0000-0002-3905-7560 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500001 ER PT B AU Toth, JJ Goodrich, DC Moran, MS Scott, RL Hymer, DC Harlow, C Yucel, I Shuttleworth, WJ Chehbouni, AG Boulet, G Watts, C Cooper, DI Kirkland, MW Avissar, R Pinker, RT Hipps, LE AF Toth, JJ Goodrich, DC Moran, MS Scott, RL Hymer, DC Harlow, C Yucel, I Shuttleworth, WJ Chehbouni, AG Boulet, G Watts, C Cooper, DI Kirkland, MW Avissar, R Pinker, RT Hipps, LE GP AMS AMS TI An overview of spatially distributed surface fluxes of heat and moisture across the semi-arid San Pedro Basin SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Toth, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Boulet, Gilles/C-3067-2013 OI Boulet, Gilles/0000-0002-3905-7560 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500003 ER PT B AU Moran, S Williams, D Goodrich, D Chehbouni, A Begue, A Boulet, G Cooper, D Davis, R Dedieu, G Eichinger, W Everitt, J Goff, B Harlow, C Helfert, M Hipps, L Holifield, C Hymer, D Kahle, A Keefer, T Kerr, Y Marsett, R Ni, W Nouvellon, Y Qi, J Schaeffer, S Schieldge, J Scott, R Snyder, K Toth, J Watts, C Whitaker, M Yucel, I AF Moran, S Williams, D Goodrich, D Chehbouni, A Begue, A Boulet, G Cooper, D Davis, R Dedieu, G Eichinger, W Everitt, J Goff, B Harlow, C Helfert, M Hipps, L Holifield, C Hymer, D Kahle, A Keefer, T Kerr, Y Marsett, R Ni, W Nouvellon, Y Qi, J Schaeffer, S Schieldge, J Scott, R Snyder, K Toth, J Watts, C Whitaker, M Yucel, I GP AMS AMS TI Overview of remote sensing of semi-arid ecosystem function in the upper San Pedro River Basin, Arizona SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Moran, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RI Boulet, Gilles/C-3067-2013 OI Boulet, Gilles/0000-0002-3905-7560 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500012 ER PT B AU Qi, J Moran, MS Goodrich, DC Marsett, R Scott, R Chehbouni, A Schaeffer, S Schieldge, J Williams, D Keefer, T Cooper, D Hipps, L Eichinger, W Ni, W AF Qi, J Moran, MS Goodrich, DC Marsett, R Scott, R Chehbouni, A Schaeffer, S Schieldge, J Williams, D Keefer, T Cooper, D Hipps, L Eichinger, W Ni, W GP AMS AMS TI Estimation of evaportranspiration over the San Pedro Riparian area with remote and in situ measurements SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Qi, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500013 ER PT B AU Rango, A Ritchie, JC Kustas, WP Schmugge, TJ Humes, KS Hipps, LE Prueger, JH Havstad, KM AF Rango, A Ritchie, JC Kustas, WP Schmugge, TJ Humes, KS Hipps, LE Prueger, JH Havstad, KM GP AMS AMS TI Jornex: A multidisciplinary remote sensing campaign to quantify plant community/atmospheric interactions in the northern Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA ARS, BARCW, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rango, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARCW, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 104, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500015 ER PT B AU Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Ramalingam, K Schmugge, TJ Rango, A Ritchie, JC Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL AF Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Ramalingam, K Schmugge, TJ Rango, A Ritchie, JC Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL GP AMS AMS TI Utility of radiometric temperatures for surface energy flux estimation of a heterogeneous desert ecosystem SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, BARCW, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500016 ER PT B AU Goff, BF Goodrich, DC AF Goff, BF Goodrich, DC GP AMS AMS TI Integrated observations of semi-arid land-surface-atmosphere interactions: Poster session overview SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Goff, BF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500023 ER PT B AU Moran, MS Hymer, DC Qi, JG Marsett, RC Helfert, MK Sano, EE AF Moran, MS Hymer, DC Qi, JG Marsett, RC Helfert, MK Sano, EE GP AMS AMS TI Soil moisture evaluation using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical remote sensing in semiarid rangeland SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, USWCL, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500050 ER PT B AU Hymer, DC Moran, MS Keefer, TO AF Hymer, DC Moran, MS Keefer, TO GP AMS AMS TI Monitoring temporal soil moisture variability with depth using calibrated in-situ sensors SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hymer, DC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 204 EP 207 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500051 ER PT B AU Goodrich, DC Moran, MS Scott, R Qi, J Williams, D Schaeffer, S MacNish, R Maddock, T Goff, BF Toth, J Hipps, L Cooper, D Schieldge, J Chehbouni, A Watts, C Shuttleworth, WJ Hartogensis, O De Bruin, H Kerr, Y Unkrich, CL Marsett, R Ni, W AF Goodrich, DC Moran, MS Scott, R Qi, J Williams, D Schaeffer, S MacNish, R Maddock, T Goff, BF Toth, J Hipps, L Cooper, D Schieldge, J Chehbouni, A Watts, C Shuttleworth, WJ Hartogensis, O De Bruin, H Kerr, Y Unkrich, CL Marsett, R Ni, W GP AMS AMS TI Seasonal estimates of riparian evapotranspiration (consumptive water use) using remote and in-situ measurements SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Goodrich, DC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 208 EP 211 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500052 ER PT B AU Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL Ramalingam, K AF Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL Ramalingam, K GP AMS AMS TI Surface energy partitioning over black grama and mesquite dune biomes in a northern Chihuahuan Desert SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Prueger, JH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 216 EP 219 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500054 ER PT B AU Goff, BF Goodrich, DC AF Goff, BF Goodrich, DC GP AMS AMS TI Think globally, act locally: Community participation in "SALSA" global change research SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Goff, BF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 238 EP 243 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500062 ER PT B AU Schmidt, WC AF Schmidt, WC BE Bamsey, C TI Stand density in relation to biological functions in young western larch forests SO STAND DENSITY MANAGEMENT: PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stand Density Management - Planning and Implementation CY NOV 06-07, 1997 CL EDMONTON, CANADA C1 Montana State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Schmidt, WC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, Campus Bldg 278, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLEAR LAKE LTD PI EDMONTON PA 4310-97 ST, EDMONTON, AB T6E 5R9, CANADA BN 0-9695385-4-5 PY 1998 BP 101 EP 111 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BL92V UT WOS:000077172400014 ER PT B AU Lowrance, R AF Lowrance, R BE Pace, ML Groffman, PM TI Riparian forest ecosystems as filters for nonpoint-source pollution SO SUCCESSES, LIMITATIONS, AND FRONTIERS IN ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Cary Conference CY MAY, 1997 CL MILLBROOK, NY AB Riparian (streamside) ecosystems have been the subject of ecosystem research for about the last twenty years. Ecosystem research has shown that riparian areas are especially effective controllers of nitrogen and sediment movement to streams and other water bodies. Nitrogen control is primarily the result of biotic processes. Sediment control is primarily caused by physical processes that are enhanced by such biotic interactions as enhanced infiltration and leaf litter at the soil surface. Riparian areas are increasingly being used as a landscape- and watershed-management technique to reduce the risk of pollution and to create and preserve healthy stream ecosystems. The management practices recommended for riparian areas are based on ecosystem research. Riparian ecosystem policies and management are a success story for the application of ecosystem science to real-world problems. Riparian ecosystem research has been used to develop generalized management practices for USDA action agencies such as the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Forest Service. Ecosystem-management recommendations for riparian areas have been incorporated into such programs as the Coastal Zone Management Act Reauthorization and the Chesapeake Bay Program. The USDA has incorporated riparian policies into the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) reauthorized in the 1996 Farm Bill. The CRP allows farmers to voluntarily enroll such environmentally sensitive lands as riparian ecosystems because of the high environmental benefits associated with riparian areas compared to other lands. The success of riparian ecosystem research in shaping riparian policy and management results from multiple factors including: agreement among major studies on the effectiveness of riparian ecosystems for nonpoint-source pollution control; flexibility of management practices; and use of riparian ecosystems for multiple functions. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Lowrance, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98476-3 PY 1998 BP 113 EP 141 PG 29 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL70E UT WOS:000076391800005 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, B Ewing, RP AF Berkowitz, B Ewing, RP TI Percolation theory and network modeling applications in soil physics SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE percolation theory; invasion percolation; network models; porous media; soil physics ID CAPILLARY-PRESSURE CURVES; DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; CORRELATED-SITE PERCOLATION; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CRACKING CLAY SOIL; INVASION PERCOLATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES AB The application of percolation theory to porous media is closely tied to network models. A network model is a detailed model of a porous medium, generally incorporating pore-scale descriptions of the medium and the physics of pore-scale events. Network models and percolation theory are complementary: while network models have yielded insight into behavior at the pore scale, percolation theory has shed light, at the larger scale, on the nature and effects of randomness in porous media. This review discusses some basic aspects of percolation theory and its applications, and explores work that explicitly links percolation theory to porous media using network models. We then examine assumptions behind percolation theory and discuss how network models can be adapted to capture the physics of water, air and solute movement in soils. Finally, we look at some current work relating percolation theory and network models to soils. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Berkowitz, B (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Ewing, Robert/J-8968-2013; BERKOWITZ, BRIAN/K-1497-2012 OI BERKOWITZ, BRIAN/0000-0003-3078-1859 NR 181 TC 142 Z9 146 U1 7 U2 44 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 23 EP 72 DI 10.1023/A:1006590500229 PG 50 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ZB789 UT WOS:000072508200002 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Linderman, RG AF Scagel, CF Linderman, RG TI Relationships between differential in vitro indole-acetic acid or ethylene production capacity by ectomycorrhizal fungi and conifer seedling responses in symbiosis SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE ectomycorrhizae; IAA; ethylene; conifers; roots ID PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; DOUGLAS-FIR; COLD-STORAGE; SURVIVAL; ROOTS AB To assess the relationship between in vitro plant growth regulator production by mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth responses in symbiosis, ectomycorrhizal fungi, characterized by their in vitro Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and ethylene production capacity (quantified using HPLC and GC-MS methodology), were used to inoculate 8-week-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.), Englemann Spruce (Picea englemannii Parry) and Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) seedlings maintained under glasshouse conditions. For six months after inoculation, seedlings were evaluated for changes in morphology and endogenous IAA content to determine any correlations between fungal IAA or ethylene production potential and plant responses. Morphological responses (seedling height, shoot weight, root collar diameter, number of lateral roots and root weight) varied with tree species and mycorrhizal fungus combination. In vitro fungal IAA production was significantly correlated to endogenous root IAA content and many morphological attributes of mycorrhizal Douglas-fir seedlings. In vitro fungal ethylene production was poorly correlated to Douglas-fir morphological responses, but positively correlated to root IAA for all three conifer species. These results suggest a relationship between auxin and ethylene production by ectomycorrhizal fungi and changes in endogenous IAA content of roots that could affect growth responses of conifer seedlings. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 13 EP 34 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YX755 UT WOS:000072074000002 ER PT B AU Adlof, RO Walter, EL Emken, EA AF Adlof, RO Walter, EL Emken, EA BE Heys, JR Melillo, DG TI Synthesis of five conjugated linoleic acid isomers labelled with deuterium atoms. SO SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPICALLY LABELLED COMPOUNDS 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labelled Compounds (ISSAILC6) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amersham Int plc, Merck Res Labs, Pfizer Ctr Res, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut AB An 8-step synthesis was developed to prepare the deuterated cis-9, trans-11- and trans-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (9c, 11t-18:2; 9t,11t-18:2) isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (9c,11t-18:2). The methyl 9c,11t- and 9t,11t-18:2-17,17,18,18-d(4) isomer pair (96% d(4); in a ratio of 46/54) were obtained from the Wittig coupling of trans-2-nonenyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide (8,8,9,9-d(4)) and methyl 9-oxononanoate. To prepare the triphenylphosphonium bromide, 5-hexyn-1-ol [as the tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ether] was reduced with deuterium gas/ Wilkinson's catalyst to yield the saturated-5,5,6,6-d(4) ether. The ether was converted to the iodide and coupled with 2-propyn-1-ol to yield 2-nonyn-1-ol-d(4). The acetylenic alcohol was reduced with lithium metal in liquid ammonia to yield trans-2-nonen-1-ol-d(4). The trans-alcohol was converted to the bromide and then to the phosphonium salt. A similar 8-step sequence of reactions was used to prepare the 10t, 12c- and the 10c,12c-18:2-15,15,16,16-d(4) isomer pair (86% d(4)). The THP ether of 2-pentyn-1-ol was reduced to the -2,2,3,3-d(4) ether with deuterium gas/ Wilkinson's catalyst. The THP was converted to the iodide and coupled with 2-propyn-1-ol to yield 2-octyn-1-ol-d(4). Reduction with hydrogen gas/ Lindlar catalyst yielded 2-octen-1-ol-d(4) The olefinic alcohol was converted to the bromide and then to the phosphonium salt. Wittig coupling of the salt with 10-oxodecanoate yielded the 10t,12t- and the 10c, 12t-18:2 isomer pair (in a ratio of 54/46). The conjugated isomer pair methyl esters formed during the final Wittig coupling reactions were readily separated by a combination of reversed phase HPLC and silver resin chromatography. The chemical purities were >95% for each geometric isomer. Overall yields for the 9,11- and 10,12-18:2 isomer pairs was ca. 6-8% for each isomer. A sample of 10c, 12c-18:2 was isomerized (p-toluenesulfinic acid) to yield the 10t,12t-18:2-15,15,16, 16-d(4) isomer in 65% yield. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-97863-9 PY 1998 BP 387 EP 390 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BM05R UT WOS:000077532200079 ER PT B AU Park, B Chen, YR Nguyen, M AF Park, B Chen, YR Nguyen, M BE Sawaragi, Y Sagara, S TI On-line identification of unwholesome poultry carcasses by machine vision SO (SYSID'97): SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IFAC Symposium on System Identification (SYSID 97) CY JUL 08-11, 1997 CL KITAKYUSHU, JAPAN SP Int Federat Automat Control, Int Federat Operat Res, Sci Council Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Inst Syst Control & Informat Engineers, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Chem Engineers, Japan, Operat Res Soc Japan, Robot Soc Japan, Japan Soc Fuzzy Theory & Syst DE poultry inspection; image processing; classification neural networks; automation; food safety; multispectral imaging ID INSPECTION; SYSTEM AB A machine vision system equipped with multiple spectral cameras provided image information of poultry carcasses in the spectral and the frequency domains. The multispectral imaging system was implemented on-line for the separation of wholesome and unwholesome carcasses. The system acquires spectral images from the chicken on a moving shackle in realtime and processes these spectral data for classification The spectral images of 540 nm and 700 nm wavelengths were useful for identifying carcasses having unwholesome such as ascites, airsacculitis, bruise, cadaver, leukosis, septicemia, and tumor from the wholesome carcasses based on spectral image pixel intensity and the intensity distribution of Fourier power spectra. The mean intensity of the wholesome carcasses scanned at 540 nm wavelength was higher (P less than or equal to 0.01) than the intensity of unwholesome carcasses. On the other hand, when Fourier spectrum pixel intensity at 700 nm wavelength was used, the intensity of wholesome carcasses was much lower (P I 0.01) than unwholesome carcasses. The accuracies of neural classifiers were 100% for calibration and 93.3% for validation when combined spectral image pixel intensities of 540 nm and 700 MI wavelengths were used as inputs. The accuracies were 93.3% for calibration and 90% for validation when fast Fourier transform of image intensity data of 700 nn wavelength were utilized as inputs for a neural network model. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BN 0-08-042592-5 PY 1998 BP 1469 EP 1474 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BM87F UT WOS:000079974000236 ER PT J AU Dibble, AC Wright, WA Campbell, CS Greene, CW AF Dibble, AC Wright, WA Campbell, CS Greene, CW TI Quantitative morphology of the Amelanchier agamic complex (Rosaceae) at a Maine site SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SHADBUSH ROSACEAE; MALOIDEAE; HYBRIDIZATION; EVOLUTION; APOMIXIS; ONTARIO AB We tested the power of quantitative morphology to distinguish Amelanchier taxa at a Maine site where most individuals come from polyploid agamospermous species and taxonomic boundaries are potentially obscured by hybridization. We sampled 92 individuals from seven species and one putative hybrid, 13 from a microspecies we call A. "rubra," and 15 that fit no published description (unknowns). We performed principal coordinates analysis on 20 quantitative and qualitative characters, six recognized taxa, and the unknowns. Three groups are suggested: 1) A. intermedia, A. laevis, A. "rubra," four A. stolonifera, and four unknowns; 2) A. nantucketensis and three A. stolonifera, and 3) A. canadensis and 11 unknowns. In the seat terplot of the first two principal coordinates axes, the only two species that overlap are A. intermedia and A. laevis. Discriminant function analyses indicate that A. "rubra" could be a hybrid of A. laevis and either A. nan tucketensis or A. stolonifera and do not support the hypothesis that A. intermedia is A. canadensis X laevis. The unknowns group with A. canadensis, A. laevis, or A. "rubra" and mostly do not appear to be F(1)s. Agamospermy and/or insufficient time for hybrids to establish after disturbance may explain the absence of an extensive hybrid swarm. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. RP Dibble, AC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, RR1 Box 589, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 23 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.2307/2419572 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA ZM490 UT WOS:000073545400004 ER PT B AU Motil, KJ AF Motil, KJ BE Lembcke, B Kruis, W Sartor, RB TI State of the Art Lecture: The smaller the patient, the bigger the problems SO SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF IBD: THE PENDING CHALLENGE FOR SUBTLE DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT SE FALK SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Falk Symposium 98 on Systemic Manifestations of IBD - The Pending Challenge for Subtle Diagnosis and Treatment, Part II of the Intestinal Week in the Black Forest 1997 CY MAY 25-26, 1997 CL TITSEE, GERMANY SP Falk Fdn ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; ACTIVE CROHNS-DISEASE; TOTAL ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; 10 YEARS OLD; GROWTH FAILURE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; ENTERAL NUTRITION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ELEMENTAL DIET; FISH OIL C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Paediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Motil, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Paediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-8734-1 J9 FALK SYMP PY 1998 VL 98 BP 197 EP 214 PG 18 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Immunology; General & Internal Medicine GA BM77Z UT WOS:000079748600017 ER PT J AU Jan, CC Vick, BA Miller, JF Kahler, AL Butler, ET AF Jan, CC Vick, BA Miller, JF Kahler, AL Butler, ET TI Construction of an RFLP linkage map for cultivated sunflower SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism); linkage map; Helianthus annuus L; cDNA ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; MOLECULAR MARKER ANALYSIS; INBRED LINES; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; RESTRICTION; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; WILD; LOCI AB An RFLP linkage map was constructed for cultivated sunflower Helianthus annuus L., based on 271 loci detected by 232 cDNA probes. Ninety-three F-2 plants of a cross between inbred lines RHA 271 and HA 234 were used as the mapping population. These genetic markers plus a fertility restoration gene, Rf(1), defined 20 linkage groups, covering 1164 cM of the sunflower genome. Of the 271 loci 202 had codominant genotypic segregation, with the rest showing dominant segregation. Thirty-two of the 232 probes gave multiple locus segregation. There were 39 clusters of tightly linked markers with 0 cM distance among loci. This map has an average marker-to-marker distance of 4.6 cM, with 11 markerless regions exceeding 20 cM. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Biogenet Serv Inc, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. GAEA Inc, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Kahler, AL (reprint author), Biogenet Serv Inc, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 41 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 96 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s001220050703 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YV618 UT WOS:000071845200003 ER PT J AU King, JJ Bradeen, JM Bark, O McCallum, JA Havey, MJ AF King, JJ Bradeen, JM Bark, O McCallum, JA Havey, MJ TI A low-density genetic map of onion reveals a role for tandem duplication in the evolution of an extremely large diploid genome SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Review DE map; onion; Allium; duplication ID RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH; RFLP LINKAGE MAP; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM TOMATO; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DNA-SEQUENCES; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; ALLIUM-CEPA; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS AB The bulb onion, allium cepa L., is a diploid (2n = 2x = 16) plant with a huge nuclear genome. Previous genetic and cytogenetic analyses have not supported a polyploid origin for onion, We developed a low-density genetic map of morphological markers, randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD), and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) as a tool for onion improvement and to study the genome organization of onion. A mapping population of 58 F-3 families was produced from a single F-1 plant from the cross of two partially inbred lines (Brigham Yellow Globe 15-23 and Alisa Craig 43). Segregations were established for restoration of male fertility in sterile cytoplasm, complementary light-red bulb color, 14 RAPDs. 110 RFLPs revealed by 90 anonymous cDNA clones. and 2 RFLPs revealed by a cDNA clone of alliinase, the enzyme responsible for the characteristic Allium flavors. Duplicated RFLP loci were detected by 21% of the clones, of which 53% were unlinked (> 30 cM). 5% loosely linked (10-30 cM), and 42% tightly linked (< 10 cM). This duplication frequency is less than that reported for paleopolyploids but higher than for diploid species. We observed 40% dominant RFLPs, the highest pet reported among plants. Among duplicated RFLP loci, 19% segregated as two loci each with two codominant alleles, 52% segregated as one locus with codominant alleles and one locus with only a dominant fragment, and 29% segregated as two loci with only dominant fragments. We sequenced cDNAs detecting duplicated RFLPs: 63% showed homology to known gene families (e.g., chlorophyll binding proteins, ubiquitin, or RuBISCO). and 37% were unique clones showing significant homology to known genes of low-copy number or no homology to database sequences. Duplicated RFLPs showing linkage could be due to retroviral-like sequences in adjacent coding regions or intrachromosomal, as opposed to whole genome, duplications. Previous cytological analyses and this genetic map support intrachromosomal duplication as a mechanism contributing to the huge onion genome. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Crop & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 106 TC 89 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 96 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s001220050708 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YV618 UT WOS:000071845200008 ER PT J AU Dobrinsky, JR Pursel, VG Long, CR Johnson, LA AF Dobrinsky, JR Pursel, VG Long, CR Johnson, LA TI Birth of normal piglets after cytoskeletal stabilization of embryos and cryopreservation by vitrification SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 166 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90519-2 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200030 ER PT J AU O'Kearney-Flynn, M Wade, M Duffy, P Gath, V Boland, MP Dobrinsky, JR AF O'Kearney-Flynn, M Wade, M Duffy, P Gath, V Boland, MP Dobrinsky, JR TI Effect of cryopreservation on IVP cattle embryo development in vitro and in vivo SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Lyon Res Farm, Dublin, Ireland. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 173 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90526-X PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200037 ER PT J AU Edwards, JL Long, CR Wells, KD Powell, AM Rexroad, CE AF Edwards, JL Long, CR Wells, KD Powell, AM Rexroad, CE TI Effects of hyaluronic acid during culture of in vitro derived bovine and porcine embryos SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 198 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90551-9 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200062 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC AF Talbot, NC TI Ultrastructure analysis of cultured preimplantation pig blastocyst tissues SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, LPSI, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 220 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90573-8 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200084 ER PT J AU Holyoak, GR Wang, S Panter, KE Liu, G Evans, RC Bunch, TD AF Holyoak, GR Wang, S Panter, KE Liu, G Evans, RC Bunch, TD TI The effect of swainsonine on in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 285 EP 285 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90638-0 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200149 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA Welch, GR Rens, W Dobrinsky, JR AF Johnson, LA Welch, GR Rens, W Dobrinsky, JR TI Enhanced flow cytometric sorting of mammalian X and Y sperm: High speed sorting and orienting nozzle for artificial insemination SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 361 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90714-2 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200225 ER PT J AU Long, CR Rath, D Welch, GR Schreier, LL Dobrinsky, JR Johnson, LA AF Long, CR Rath, D Welch, GR Schreier, LL Dobrinsky, JR Johnson, LA TI In vitro production of porcine embryos from semen sorted for sex with a high speed cell sorter: Comparison of two fertilization media SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 363 EP 363 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90716-6 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200227 ER PT J AU Powell, AM Clements, J Zink, C Ashwell, MS Wall, R Rexroad, CE AF Powell, AM Clements, J Zink, C Ashwell, MS Wall, R Rexroad, CE TI Transmission and effects of Visna virus transgenes in sheep SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 391 EP 391 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90744-0 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200254 ER PT J AU Wall, RJ Kerr, DE Liang, FX Bondioli, KR Zhao, H Sun, TT AF Wall, RJ Kerr, DE Liang, FX Bondioli, KR Zhao, H Sun, TT TI The bladder as a bioreactor organ SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 394 EP 394 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90747-6 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200257 ER PT J AU Wells, KD Powell, A Edwards, JL Rexroad, C AF Wells, KD Powell, A Edwards, JL Rexroad, C TI Integration of foreign DNA into bovine fetal fibroblasts: Factors effecting electroporation efficiency. SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 395 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)90748-8 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA YT213 UT WOS:000071577200258 ER PT B AU TenWolde, A Carll, CG Malinauskas, V AF TenWolde, A Carll, CG Malinauskas, V BE Geshwiler, M TI Air pressures in wood frame walls SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB Wind pressures can play an important role in the wetting of exterior walls (driving rain). In response, the rain screen concept, including compartmentalization and air spaces, has been developed to provide pressure equalization and limit water entry into the wall. However conventional construction such as wood lap siding has not been evaluated as to its ability to function as a rain screen. As part of a two-year project assessing the performance of hardboard lap siding, we measured air pressure differences across the siding over extended periods of time in two single-story wood-frame buildings, specially constructed for this study in southern Florida. Three different wall constructions were included in the study. We found that the conventionally installed lap siding provided substantial air pressure equalization. Inward airpressure differences across the siding did not appear strong enough, or long enough in duration, to raise concern about significant water penetration through the siding overlaps, even during windy days. Air leakage has been recognized as an important mode of water vapor transport, and airtight construction is therefore recognized as an important ingredient of designing for high moisture tolerance. As part of the same study, we monitored air pressures across the siding, sheathing, and gypsumboard in two of the walls. We found that wind-induced air pressures across the exterior walls were predominantly exfiltrative, even on the windward side of the building. Infiltrative pressures only occurred near windward corners of the building during short periods of time. We also found significant air leakage past the top plate into the wall cavity. This paper also presents a method for coordinating the design for airtightness (airflow retarders) with the design for control of vapor diffusion (vapor retarders). The calculations show that a vapor retarder of I perm (57 ng/Pa(.)s(.)m(2)) should be complemented with an air barrier system (ABS) with an ELA of 0.003 in. (2)/ft(2) (2 x 10(-5) m(2)/m(2)) or less. Specifying lower-perm vapor retarders (e.g., 0.1 perm, or 5.7 ng/Pa(.)s(.)m(2)) would require specifying an extraordinary level of airtightness. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP TenWolde, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 665 EP 675 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100060 ER PT S AU Faust, M Deng, X Hrotko, K AF Faust, M Deng, X Hrotko, K BE Ystaas, J Callesen, O TI Development project for cherry growing in shaanxi province of China PR SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL CHERRY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Cherry Symposium CY JUL 23-29, 1997 CL ULLENSVANG, NORWAY SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Det Kongelige Landbruksdept, Norway, Staatens Landbruksbank, Norway, Hordaland Fylkeskommune, Norway, Ullensvang Herad, Norway, Norsk Hydro ASA, Norwegian Crop Res Inst, Danish Inst Agr Sci DE climate; diseases; pests; propagation; Prunus avium; Prunus cerasus; Prunus pseudocerasus; rootstocks; soil; training system; varieties AB A UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) development project targeted the diversification of fruit growing in Shaanxi province (Middle-West China) and especially in northern part of the Province where conditions are dry and cold. The fruit growing of the province developed recently and rapidly with only apple and peach orchards planted. In the northern arid and cold climatical zones the agricultural development is determined by poor ecological and social conditions. Introduction of fruit species tolerating that ecological conditions could provide a considerable improvement for the agricultural population. In the framework of the UNDP - China project, conducted by the Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangling and the Shaanxi Fruit Crops Research Center Xi'an, ecological conditions were studied for evaluating the area suitability for cherry growing. Based upon the first impressions, statements of local specialists and collected data, the visited locations seem to be suitable for sweet and sour cherry growing. The frequent summer rains, starting July 1, may cause fruit rot, therefore, susceptible varieties should not be planted in too wet regions. Although, there are few plantations of local cultivars of 'Manao-cherry' (Prunus pseudocerasus) and cultivars imported to China in the middle of the century from European countries, there is no virus free nursery stock of varieties of Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus. Selection of rootstocks is difficult because of the calcareous soil and high pH-level. In such conditions the mahaleb rootstock would provide the solution, but the ambition of the farmers is to plant high density orchards which require the use of dwarf cherry trees. In this case it seems to be a proper solution to plant trees on mahaleb rootstocks with dwarfing interstocks. Without the proper training system and pruning only the rootstock cannot reduce the vigour of cherry trees. Modified Brunner-spindle and slender spindle combined with a summer pruning on dwarfing interstocks could provide suitable dwarf cherry trees at a spacing of 5 x 2.5-3 m. As far as cultivars are concerned, probably the early ripening cultivars will be the best, which can be harvested before the rainy season begins. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Faust, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-860-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 468 BP 763 EP 769 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BL64W UT WOS:000076163500099 ER PT S AU Roh, MS Lawson, RH AF Roh, MS Lawson, RH BE Considine, JA Gibbs, J TI Requirements for new floral crops - Perspectives for the United States of America SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEW FLORICULTURAL CROPS - PROCEEDINGS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on New Floricultural Crops CY OCT 01-04, 1996 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-999-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 454 BP 29 EP 38 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BK86L UT WOS:000073700100002 ER PT S AU Roh, MS Grassotti, A Guglieri, L AF Roh, MS Grassotti, A Guglieri, L BE Considine, JA Gibbs, J TI Storage and forcing temperatures affect inflorescence initiation, flowering and floret blast of Lachenalia aloides 'Pearsonii' SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEW FLORICULTURAL CROPS - PROCEEDINGS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on New Floricultural Crops CY OCT 01-04, 1996 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA AB The effect of bulb storage and forcing temperature on inflorescence initiation, flowering, and inflorescence blast (floret blast) of L. aloides Engl., 'Pearsonii' was investigated. Shoot apices of bulbs stored at 25 degrees C became reproductive in 90 days, while bulbs stored at 15 degrees C remained vegetative for 150 days. When forced in September, all plants flowered in 72 days regardless of bulb storage temperatures. However, when forced in July, less than 60% of plants flowered in 205-214 days. When bulbs were stored at 15 degrees C before potting followed by forcing at 23 degrees C, flowering was delayed and 5% of plants flowered. The delay in flowering and low flowering percentage resulted from floret blast. The floret blast is attributed to pre-mature development of floral organs, such as outer and inner perianth as well as stigma and anthers when plants were subjected to high temperatures. C1 USDA ARS, USNA, Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, USNA, Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-999-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 454 BP 213 EP 221 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BK86L UT WOS:000073700100025 ER PT S AU Joseph, JA Denisova, N Fisher, D Shukitt-Hale, B Bickford, P Prior, R Cao, G AF Joseph, JA Denisova, N Fisher, D Shukitt-Hale, B Bickford, P Prior, R Cao, G BE Harman, D Holliday, R Meydani, M TI Membrane and receptor modifications of oxidative stress vulnerability in aging - Nutritional considerations SO TOWARDS PROLONGATION OF THE HEALTHY LIFE SPAN: PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO INTERVENTION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Towards Prolongation of the Healthy Life Span - Practical Approaches to Intervention CY AUG 15-18, 1997 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP 7th Congress Int Assoc Biomed Gerontol ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; BUTYL-ALPHA-PHENYLNITRONE; GINKGO-BILOBA EXTRACT; OXYGEN FREE-RADICALS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CALCIUM DYSREGULATION; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; OXIDANT INJURY AB Evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related decrements in neuronal function and that OS vulnerability increases as a function of age. In addition to decreased endogenous protection, increases in OS vulnerability may result from changes in membrane lipids and distribution of receptor subtype. Using a PC-12 cell model system, we hale shown that H2O2 or dopamine (DA) exposure induced deficits in the cell's ability to clear (extrude/sequester, E/S) Ca2+ that are similar to those seen in aging. When plasma membrane concentrations of sphingomyelin (SPM) were used, the SPM metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate was increased to the same levels as those seen in aging, and enhancement of OS-induced decreases in calcium E/S following KCL depolarization was observed. Differential decreases in CA(2+) E/S were also seen following DA-induced OS in COS-7 cells transfected with one of five muscarinic receptor subtypes. Cells transfected with either M1, M2, or M4 receptors showed significantly greater vulnerability to OS las expressed by greater decrements in calcium EIS and cell death) than those transfected with M3 or M5 receptors, The vitamin E analogue, Trolox, and the nitrone-trapping agent, PEN, were not effective in altering E/S decrements but were effective in preventing cell death 24 h after OS exposure. These findings suggest that putative regional (e.g., striatum and hippocampus) increases in OS vulnerability and loss of neuronal function in aging may be dependent upon membrane SPM concentration and receptor subtype. In related studies, attempts were made to determine whether increased OS protection,ia nutritional increases in antioxidant levels in rats [using diets supplemented with vitamin E (500IU/kg), strawberry extracts (9.4 g/kg dried aqueous extract, DAE), spinach (6.7 g/kg DAE), or blueberry extracts (10 g/kg DEA for six weeks)] would protect against exposure to 100% O-2 (a model of accelerated neuronal aging), Results indicated that these diets were effective in preventing OS-induced decrements in several parameters (e.g., nerve growth factor decreases), suggesting that although there may be increases in OS vulnerability in aging, phytochemicals present in antioxidant-rich Foods may be beneficial in reducing or retarding the functional central nervous system deficits seen in aging or oxidative insult. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Room 919,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM joseph_ne@hnrc.tufts.edu RI Bickford, Paula/J-5970-2012 OI Bickford, Paula/0000-0001-9657-7725 NR 62 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-108-1 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 854 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09908.x PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM29P UT WOS:000078303400024 PM 9928436 ER PT S AU Meydani, M Lipman, RD Han, SN Wu, D Beharka, A Martin, KR Bronson, R Cao, G Smith, D Meydani, SN AF Meydani, M Lipman, RD Han, SN Wu, D Beharka, A Martin, KR Bronson, R Cao, G Smith, D Meydani, SN BE Harman, D Holliday, R Meydani, M TI The effect of long-term dietary supplementation with antioxidants SO TOWARDS PROLONGATION OF THE HEALTHY LIFE SPAN: PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO INTERVENTION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Towards Prolongation of the Healthy Life Span - Practical Approaches to Intervention CY AUG 15-18, 1997 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP 7th Congress Int Assoc Biomed Gerontol ID VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; FREE-RADICAL THEORY; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; LIFE-SPAN; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE AB The impact of diet and specific food groups on aging and age-associated degenerative diseases has been widely recognized in recent years. The modem concept of the free radical theory of aging takes as its basis a shift in the antioxidant/prooxidant balance that leads to increased oxidative stress, dysregulation of cellular function, and aging, In the contest of this theory, antioxidants can influence the primary "intrinsic" aging process as well as several secondary age-associated pathological processes. Fur the latter, several epidemiological and clinical studies have revealed potential roles for dietary antioxidants in the age-associated decline of immune function and the reduction of risk of morbidity and mortality from cancer and heart disease. We reported that long-tron supplementation with vitamin E enhances immune function in aged animals and elderly subjects, We have also Found that the beneficial effect of vitamin E in the reduction of risk of atherosclerosis is, in part, associated with molecular modulation of the interaction of immune and endothelial cells. Even though the effects: of dietary antioxidants on aging have been mostly observed in relation to age-associated diseases, the effects cannot be totally separated from those related to the intrinsic aging process. For modulation of the aging process bg antioxidants, earlier reports have indicated that antioxidant feeding increased the median life span of mice to some extent. To further delineate the effect of dietary antioxidants on aging and longevity, middle-aged (18 mo) C57BL\6NIA male mice were fed nd libitum semisynthetic AIN-76 diets supplemented with different antioxidants (vitamin E, glutathione, melatonin, and strawberry extract). We found that dietary antioxidants had no effect on the pathological outcome or on mean and maximum life span of the mice, which was observed despite the reduced level of lipid peroxidation products:, 4-hydroxynonenol, in the liver of animals supplemented with vitamin E and strawberry extract (1.34 +/- 0.4 and 1.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/g, respectively) compared to animals fed the control diet (2.35 +/- 1.4 nmol/g), However, vitamin E-supplemented mice had significantly lower lung, viral levels following influenza infection, a viral challenge associated with oxidative stress. These and other observations indicate that, at present, the effects of dietary antioxidants are mainly demonstrated in connection with age-associated diseases in which oxidative stress appears to be intimately involved. Further studies ale needed to determine the effect of antioxidant supplementation on longevity in the contest of moderate caloric restriction. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM meydani_vbl@hnrc.tufts.edu; meydani_vbl@hnrc.tufts.edu NR 49 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 12 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-108-1 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 854 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09915.x PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM29P UT WOS:000078303400031 PM 9928443 ER PT S AU Singh, MAF AF Singh, MAF BE Harman, D Holliday, R Meydani, M TI Combined exercise and dietary intervention to optimize body composition in aging SO TOWARDS PROLONGATION OF THE HEALTHY LIFE SPAN: PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO INTERVENTION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Towards Prolongation of the Healthy Life Span - Practical Approaches to Intervention CY AUG 15-18, 1997 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP 7th Congress Int Assoc Biomed Gerontol ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; WEIGHT-LOSS; OLDER MEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; AEROBIC EXERCISE; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION AB Concomitant losses of skeletal muscle and bone mass along with gradual accretion of adipose tissue typify usual human aging, Recent investigations have attempted to modify these processes with various combinations of dietary and exercise intervention in older adults. Complete nutritional supplements given with weight-lifting exercise have been shown to augment muscle and fat gains in healthy older men, but have merely suppressed habitual dietary intake when administered to frail sedentary elders, and have not altered body composition responses to strength training in this population. Protein supplementation at twice the RDA does not improve skeletal muscle function or Increase muscle mass in healthy elderly weight lifters compared to those on a normal diet. Calcium supplementation during one year of aerobic training has an independent beneficial effect on cortical bone density at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women, whereas the exercise is associated with trabecular bone increases in the lumbar vertebrae, Hypocaloric dieting, with or without aerobic exercise, results in losses of weight, fat and lean mass in obese elderly men and women. Py contrast, resistance training during hypocaloric dieting augments lean mass while further reducing fat mass. Loof protein, Isoenergetic diets result in muscle atrophy in older women. Current studies Hill determine the ability of resistance training to offset these catabolic effects on skeletal muscles of a low-protein (0.6 g/kg/day) diet prescribed for elderly with chronic renal failure. More longterm studies of efficacy and Feasibility of diet and exercise combinations are needed in the aged to optimize the potential for healthful shifts in body composition. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Exercise & Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Singh, MAF (reprint author), 59 Bundarra Ave N, Wahroonga, NSW 2076, Australia. EM mafiat@ibm.net NR 67 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-108-1 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 854 BP 378 EP 393 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09918.x PG 16 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM29P UT WOS:000078303400034 PM 9928446 ER PT S AU Krinsky, NI AF Krinsky, NI BE Harman, D Holliday, R Meydani, M TI The antioxidant and biological properties of the carotenoids SO TOWARDS PROLONGATION OF THE HEALTHY LIFE SPAN: PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO INTERVENTION SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Towards Prolongation of the Healthy Life Span - Practical Approaches to Intervention CY AUG 15-18, 1997 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP 7th Congress Int Assoc Biomed Gerontol ID BETA-CAROTENE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; SUPPLEMENTATION; PROOXIDANT; OXIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; PRESSURE; WOMEN AB Much effort has been expended in evaluating the relative antioxidant potency of carotenoid pigments in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, It is quite clear that in vitro, carotenoids can inhibit the propagation of radical-initiated lipid peroxidation, and thus fulfill the definition of antioxidants. When it comes to in vivo systems, it has been much more difficult to obtain solid experimental evidence that carotenoids are acting directly as biological antioxidants, In fact, under nonphysiological circumstances, carotenoids may act as prooxidants, These results can be modified by altering the oxidant stress, the cellular or subcellular system, the type of animal, and environmental conditions, such as oxygen tension, Results of this type raise the question as to whether it is still appropriate to group the carotenoids with such antioxidant vitamins as vitamin E and vitamin C, Thus, the biological properties of the carotenoids may be much more related to the products of the interaction of carotenoids with oxidant stress, that is, such breakdown products as apocarotenoids and retinoids. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Krinsky, NI (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nkrinsky_mna@opal.tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA66914] NR 22 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 10 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-109-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 854 BP 443 EP 447 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09923.x PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM29P UT WOS:000078303400039 PM 9928451 ER PT B AU Kimble, JM Lal, R Grossman, RB AF Kimble, JM Lal, R Grossman, RB BE Blume, HP Eger, H Fleischhauer, E Hebel, A Reij, C Steiner, KG TI Alteration of soil properties caused by climate change SO TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LAND USE, VOLS I & II: FURTHERING COOPERATION BETWEEN PEOPLE AND INSTITUTIONS SE ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the International-Soil-Conservation-Organisation CY AUG, 1996 CL BONN, GERMANY SP Int Soil Conservat Org, German Fed Minist Environm Nat Conservat & Nucl Safety, German Fed Minist Econ Cooperat & Dev, Deutsch Gessell Tech Zusammerarbeit Gmbh, German Federal Environm Agency, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, German Fdn Int Dev, Int Soc Soil Sci, Swiss Dev Cooperat, German Sci Fdn, European Soc Soil Conservat, Kunst & Ausstellungshalle Bundesrepubl Deutsch, Stadtwerke Bonn, Verwaltung Deutsch Bundestages, Rheinbraun AG, Misereor, Brot Welt, Deutsch Lufthansa AG DE climate change; soil properties; erodibility; compaction AB We can estimate many different alterations of soil properties caused by climate change. In some areas these effects would be positive and, in others, negative. Loss of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) can have a major effect on soil aggregation and the overall fertility of the soil. The major problem in predicting changes in soil properties is that they take place very slowly. Soil genesis may take hundreds to thousands of years, so we would not expect major genetic changes to be readily evident. Also, the predicted temperature changes are relatively minor in terms of affecting soils. Changes in SOC could be quite dynamic, and resulting changes in soil structure, soil erodibility, crusting, compaction, infiltration rate, runoff, salinity, and cycling of plant nutrients also could be profound. Data are needed to predict actual changes. The near surface of soil (uppermost ems) is the part most sensitive to changes in moisture and temperature, but many of its properties are temporal and change throughout the year. Tillage operations, plant growth, rainfall impact, wetting and drying cycles, etc., make it hard to give definitive answers about what alteration of soil properties to expect because of climate change. C1 USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Kimble, JM (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Fed Bldg Rm 152,MS 33,100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU CATENA VERLAG PI REISKIRCHEN PA ARMELGASSE 11, 35447 REISKIRCHEN, GERMANY BN 3-923381-42-5 J9 ADV GEOECOL PY 1998 VL 31 BP 175 EP 184 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BL91R UT WOS:000077135800030 ER PT B AU Huang, C Gabbard, DS Norton, LD Laflen, JM AF Huang, C Gabbard, DS Norton, LD Laflen, JM BE Blume, HP Eger, H Fleischhauer, E Hebel, A Reij, C Steiner, KG TI Effects of hillslope hydrology and surface condition on soil erosion SO TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LAND USE, VOLS I & II: FURTHERING COOPERATION BETWEEN PEOPLE AND INSTITUTIONS SE ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the International-Soil-Conservation-Organisation CY AUG, 1996 CL BONN, GERMANY SP Int Soil Conservat Org, German Fed Minist Environm Nat Conservat & Nucl Safety, German Fed Minist Econ Cooperat & Dev, Deutsch Gessell Tech Zusammerarbeit Gmbh, German Federal Environm Agency, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, German Fdn Int Dev, Int Soc Soil Sci, Swiss Dev Cooperat, German Sci Fdn, European Soc Soil Conservat, Kunst & Ausstellungshalle Bundesrepubl Deutsch, Stadtwerke Bonn, Verwaltung Deutsch Bundestages, Rheinbraun AG, Misereor, Brot Welt, Deutsch Lufthansa AG DE erosion; hillslope hydrology; seepage; surface condition AB Seepage, the reemergence of soil water at the surface, is a common occurrence in fields with an impeding soil layer during periods of excessive soil moisture. The seepage zone has been associaed with the development of 'seepage steps' and ephemeral gullies. Despite the linkage between seepage and landform development, little data are available for seepage induced surface erosion on gentle slopes when seepage flow alone will not cause any erosion. Laboratory experiments wore designed to recreate the hydrologic conditions of 5-m segment of the hillslope at different locations on the landscape. Variables considered are: slope steepness, seepage and drainage gradients. Runoff and sediment samples were collected under rainstorms, and rainfall with added inflows to emulate various levels of erosive conditions as the hillslope position is changed. Results showed that seepage conditions greatly enhanced surface erosion. Sediment delivery was 3 to 4 times higher with seepage flow as compared to a free-drained condition. The nearsurface hydraulic gradient has a significant effect on runoff and sediment regime. This is supported by a data set collected during a rainfall run when the seepage condition was suddenly reversed to drainage. The rapid change from exfiltration to infiltration conditions caused a 70% reduction in sediment delivery. Knowledge of hydrologic effects on soil erodibility and erosion processes may lead to different erosion control strategies and management practices for regions where seepage occurs. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Huang, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 1196 SOIL Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CATENA VERLAG PI REISKIRCHEN PA ARMELGASSE 11, 35447 REISKIRCHEN, GERMANY BN 3-923381-42-5 J9 ADV GEOECOL PY 1998 VL 31 BP 257 EP 262 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BL91R UT WOS:000077135800039 ER PT B AU Fryrear, DW AF Fryrear, DW BE Blume, HP Eger, H Fleischhauer, E Hebel, A Reij, C Steiner, KG TI Mechanics, measurement and modeling of wind erosion SO TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LAND USE, VOLS I & II: FURTHERING COOPERATION BETWEEN PEOPLE AND INSTITUTIONS SE ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the International-Soil-Conservation-Organisation CY AUG, 1996 CL BONN, GERMANY SP Int Soil Conservat Org, German Fed Minist Environm Nat Conservat & Nucl Safety, German Fed Minist Econ Cooperat & Dev, Deutsch Gessell Tech Zusammerarbeit Gmbh, German Federal Environm Agency, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, German Fdn Int Dev, Int Soc Soil Sci, Swiss Dev Cooperat, German Sci Fdn, European Soc Soil Conservat, Kunst & Ausstellungshalle Bundesrepubl Deutsch, Stadtwerke Bonn, Verwaltung Deutsch Bundestages, Rheinbraun AG, Misereor, Brot Welt, Deutsch Lufthansa AG DE soil loss; transport rate; erosion losses; critical length; erosion control AB Basic research on relationships between wind erosion mechanics and soil movement was conducted over fifty years ago. These relationships coupled with field erosion measuring equipment permit the verification of erosion models. Transport rates of 1231 kg/m-width of airborne soil were measured from a single storm from a 2.5 ha circular field. Average soil losses of 8.03 kg/m(2) were measured from the 2.5 ha field. Total measured soil losses for an entire erosion season varied from 0.1 to 30.9 kg/m(2) compared to erosion losses estimated with the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) of 0.1 to 34.8 kg/m(2) for fields 2.5 to 145 ha in size. The RWEQ is an empirical model requiring simple input data for soils, tillage, and crops. Physically based models including the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) and the Wind Erosion Assessment Model (WEAM) are under development, but the input data requirements will be much more extensive. When current models are fully operational, uses may select the most appropriate model to fit their objectives. C1 ARS, USDA, Big Spring, TX 79721 USA. RP Fryrear, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 909, Big Spring, TX 79721 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CATENA VERLAG PI REISKIRCHEN PA ARMELGASSE 11, 35447 REISKIRCHEN, GERMANY BN 3-923381-42-5 J9 ADV GEOECOL PY 1998 VL 31 BP 291 EP 300 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BL91R UT WOS:000077135800044 ER PT B AU McCool, DK Montgomery, JA Busacca, AJ Frazier, BE AF McCool, DK Montgomery, JA Busacca, AJ Frazier, BE BE Blume, HP Eger, H Fleischhauer, E Hebel, A Reij, C Steiner, KG TI Soil degradation by tillage movement SO TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LAND USE, VOLS I & II: FURTHERING COOPERATION BETWEEN PEOPLE AND INSTITUTIONS SE ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the International-Soil-Conservation-Organisation CY AUG, 1996 CL BONN, GERMANY SP Int Soil Conservat Org, German Fed Minist Environm Nat Conservat & Nucl Safety, German Fed Minist Econ Cooperat & Dev, Deutsch Gessell Tech Zusammerarbeit Gmbh, German Federal Environm Agency, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, German Fdn Int Dev, Int Soc Soil Sci, Swiss Dev Cooperat, German Sci Fdn, European Soc Soil Conservat, Kunst & Ausstellungshalle Bundesrepubl Deutsch, Stadtwerke Bonn, Verwaltung Deutsch Bundestages, Rheinbraun AG, Misereor, Brot Welt, Deutsch Lufthansa AG DE soil movement; topsoil loss; tillage erosion; tillage translocation; tillage AB Soil movement by tillage implements is an often overlooked but significant cause of soil degradation in the steep cropland of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Evidence is seen in ridgetops devoid of topsoil and in near-vertical embankments at the lower boundary of steep fields. Traditionally, the moldboard plow was the principal implement used for the first tillage operation after harvest, with the furrow turned downslope on steep slopes because of power requirements. Experiments were conducted to quantify soil displacement with the moldboard plow, and a relationship was developed between land slope and soil movement. Deposition was measured at the lower boundary of fields where water erosion was not involved. Calculated soil movement assuming typical tillage practices was approximated by the measured deposition. The results emphasize the magnitude and importance of tillage movement in land degradation in the region. Unless corrective measures are taken, exposed subsoil materials on ridgetops and other areas will be translocated to cover productive downslope topsoil. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McCool, DK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CATENA VERLAG PI REISKIRCHEN PA ARMELGASSE 11, 35447 REISKIRCHEN, GERMANY BN 3-923381-42-5 J9 ADV GEOECOL PY 1998 VL 31 BP 327 EP 332 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BL91R UT WOS:000077135800048 ER PT B AU Norton, D Dontsova, K AF Norton, D Dontsova, K BE Blume, HP Eger, H Fleischhauer, E Hebel, A Reij, C Steiner, KG TI Use of soil amendments to prevent soil surface sealing and control erosion SO TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LAND USE, VOLS I & II: FURTHERING COOPERATION BETWEEN PEOPLE AND INSTITUTIONS SE ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the International-Soil-Conservation-Organisation CY AUG, 1996 CL BONN, GERMANY SP Int Soil Conservat Org, German Fed Minist Environm Nat Conservat & Nucl Safety, German Fed Minist Econ Cooperat & Dev, Deutsch Gessell Tech Zusammerarbeit Gmbh, German Federal Environm Agency, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, German Fdn Int Dev, Int Soc Soil Sci, Swiss Dev Cooperat, German Sci Fdn, European Soc Soil Conservat, Kunst & Ausstellungshalle Bundesrepubl Deutsch, Stadtwerke Bonn, Verwaltung Deutsch Bundestages, Rheinbraun AG, Misereor, Brot Welt, Deutsch Lufthansa AG DE clay dispersion; clay flocculation; infiltration; runoff polyacrylamide; gypsum AB Surface sealing leads to low water infiltration rates producing runoff and erosion even in low intensity rainfall events. Structural instability and the low electrolyte concentration of rainwater leads to breakdown of aggregates and dispersion of colloids producing low steady state infiltration rates (I-s). It has been hypothesized that for some soils exchangeable Mg (ExMg) may behave similar to soils with Na causing dispersion and increased surface sealing. In order to study this effect, a rainfall simulator study was conducted to measure infiltration and erosion of five soils from the midwest USA. Small interrill plots (0.14 m(2)) were packed with the sieved soil and brought to saturation from below for 2 hours, and subjected to deionized rainfall at a rate of 64 mm/hr at 5% slope with -5 cm tension for one hour. Samples of infiltrating water and runoff were collected at 5-minute intervals. Soil loss was determined by measuring gravimetrically the sediment concentration in the runoff. Four replications for each soil were performed. In addition to the control, each soil was surface amended with anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) at 20 kg/ha, 5,000 kg/ha fluidized bed combustion bottom ash (FBCBA) and PAM plus FBCBA. All soils rapidly developed surface seals when untreated at this rainfall intensity except a sandy soil. Three of the soils had I-s of <7mm/hr. The type of clay minerals did not seem to have a significant effect on this process. A fine-silty soil with a low ExMg content had a I-s of >7x that of a similar soil with a Mg:Ca ratio >1. The total soil loss (TSL) was also significantly less for the low Mg soil. Amending the soils with PAM and FBCBA increased the I-s and reduced the TSL for all soils except the sandy soil. The effect was greatest when both PAM and FBCBA were applied to the soil. Amending soils to increase I-s and reduce runoff and TSL seems to be a viable conservation practice. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Norton, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 1196 Soil Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU CATENA VERLAG PI REISKIRCHEN PA ARMELGASSE 11, 35447 REISKIRCHEN, GERMANY BN 3-923381-42-5 J9 ADV GEOECOL PY 1998 VL 31 BP 581 EP 587 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BL91R UT WOS:000077135800081 ER PT B AU Lentz, RD Sojka, RE Robbins, CW AF Lentz, RD Sojka, RE Robbins, CW BE Blume, HP Eger, H Fleischhauer, E Hebel, A Reij, C Steiner, KG TI Reducing soil and nutrient losses from furrow irrigated fields with polymer applications SO TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LAND USE, VOLS I & II: FURTHERING COOPERATION BETWEEN PEOPLE AND INSTITUTIONS SE ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the International-Soil-Conservation-Organisation CY AUG, 1996 CL BONN, GERMANY SP Int Soil Conservat Org, German Fed Minist Environm Nat Conservat & Nucl Safety, German Fed Minist Econ Cooperat & Dev, Deutsch Gessell Tech Zusammerarbeit Gmbh, German Federal Environm Agency, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, German Fdn Int Dev, Int Soc Soil Sci, Swiss Dev Cooperat, German Sci Fdn, European Soc Soil Conservat, Kunst & Ausstellungshalle Bundesrepubl Deutsch, Stadtwerke Bonn, Verwaltung Deutsch Bundestages, Rheinbraun AG, Misereor, Brot Welt, Deutsch Lufthansa AG AB Inrigation furrow runoff contains sediment, associated organics, and nutrients that enter surface waters as non-point source contributions. We compared the effects of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) applications on furrow runoff losses of sediment, nitrate, ortho-phosphorus (ortho-P), total-phosphorus (total-P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Dry bean was planted on Portneuf silt loam (Durixerollic Calciorthids) after conventional tillage. Initial irrigation inflows-of 23 L/min were cut back to 15 L/min after runoff began. Control furrow streams contained no PAM. PAM was applied continuously at 1 mg/L during the PAM C1 treatment. In the PAM I10 treatment, 10 mg/L PAM was applied to inflows early in the irrigation, then stopped once runoff began. Runoff from PAM-treated furrows was 37% less than for controls. Runoff, ortho-P, and total-P concentrations in control furrows were 5 to 7 times that of the pulsed-PAM treatment, and control COD levels were 4 times those of the PAM I10 treatment. The C1 concentration values for all components except nitrate were about twice as large as those of the I10 treatment. Total seasonal soil loss was 3.14 Mg ha(-1) for control furrows, 0.35 for PAM-C1, and 0.25 for PAM-I10 treatments. Relative to controls, PAM markedly reduced total furrow losses of sediment, ortho-P, total-P, and COD (60 to 92%), but had little influence on runoff nitrate. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CATENA VERLAG PI REISKIRCHEN PA ARMELGASSE 11, 35447 REISKIRCHEN, GERMANY BN 3-923381-42-5 J9 ADV GEOECOL PY 1998 VL 31 BP 1233 EP 1238 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BL91R UT WOS:000077135800160 ER PT J AU Uri, ND Barnard, C AF Uri, ND Barnard, C TI Commentary: Alternative measures of pesticide use SO TOXIC SUBSTANCE MECHANISMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, NRED, PMTB, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 1076-9188 J9 TOX SUBST MECH JI Tox. Subst. Mech. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1 BP 81 EP 93 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA YR672 UT WOS:000071518700007 ER PT J AU Heller, SR AF Heller, SR TI Patent information on the Internet SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heller, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0165-9936(97)00092-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YU449 UT WOS:000071718400008 ER PT J AU Young, MK AF Young, MK TI Absence of autumnal changes in habitat use and location of adult Colorado River cutthroat trout in a small stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; WINTER HABITAT; COASTAL STREAM; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; TRUTTA; IDAHO AB Previous research has demonstrated that stream salmonids typically alter their behavior and habitat use with the onset of winter. Using radiotelemetry, I monitored the activity, habitat use, and location of Colorado River cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus in a small stream in south-central Wyoming from early July to late October. Summer (July through August) home ranges did not differ in size (32 m) or location from autumn (September through October) home ranges (38 m). Habitat use also remained constant in both seasons; trout were in pools for over 70% of the observations. However, daytime trout activity declined from 98% of observations in July and August to 48% in October. The lack of movement and failure to change habitat use may be attributable to the wide availability of suitable substrate for concealment and likely year-round low water temperatures. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Young, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 222 S 22nd St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 127 IS 1 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0147:AOACIH>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ZD649 UT WOS:000072708500014 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Edwards, JH Way, TR Washington, BH Burt, EC Hill, DT AF Raper, RL Edwards, JH Way, TR Washington, BH Burt, EC Hill, DT TI Effect of vertical trenching of cellulose waste on crop yield and hardpan reconsolidation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; cone index; carbon; nitrogen AB Trenches placed midway between rows were filled with a mixture of soil, cellulose material, and poultry litter. Soybeans and grain sorghum were grown in rows adjacent to the trenched areas for multiple years. Results showed that a trenching effect, with or without the presence of cellulose, significantly increased plant yields, particularly in dry years. Cone index measurements taken three years after the trenches were created showed no sign of hardpan consolidation from natural forces. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Auburn Univ, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, POB 3439, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM rlraper@eng.auburn.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500002 ER PT J AU Yang, C Peterson, CL Shropshire, GJ Otawa, T AF Yang, C Peterson, CL Shropshire, GJ Otawa, T TI Spatial variability of field topography and wheat yield in the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE spatial variability; topography; yield; GIS; GPS; variogram; site-specific crop management ID WINTER-WHEAT; SOIL PROPERTIES; MANAGEMENT; POSITION AB Measurement and analysis of the spatial variability of fields are two important aspects of site-specific crop management. In this study, data for wheat yield, ground slope and aspect were intensively collected from five fields in the Palouse region of Washington using a set of sensors and a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver A Geographic Information System (GIS) database was developed to manage the field-collected data and information from topographic maps and to group the data from each field into different regions for analysis. Relative elevation differences across the five fields ranged from 29 to 70 m. Slope steepness ranged from 0 to 30 degrees with field means of 9 to 12 degrees Geostatistical analyses showed that the spatial patterns of variability in wheat yields differed not only from one field to another but also from one region to another within a field. The ranges of influence in wheat yield for the five whole fields were from 55 to 86 m, while those for the within-field regions varied from 20 to over 100 m. Regression analyses indicated that topographic attributes including elevation, slope and aspect had significant effects on wheat yield. These topographic attributes could explain 13 to 35% of the variability in wheat yield for the whole fields, though 49 to 84% of the yield variability could be explained by topography in some regions within the five fields. These results provided useful quantitative information about the influence of topography on crop yield in the Palouse region. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Landscape Architecture, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Peterson, CL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500003 ER PT J AU Bui, QD Womac, AR Howard, KD Mulrooney, JE Amin, MK AF Bui, QD Womac, AR Howard, KD Mulrooney, JE Amin, MK TI Evaluation of samplers for spray drift SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE agricultural pesticides; air quality; application efficiency; volatile organics AB Collection of airborne spray drift of malathion released from a ground-driven boom sprayer was investigated using six types of samplers: (1) horizontal alpha cellulose fallout sheets; (2) high-volume air samplers; (3) sampling trains of rotary disk impactor and two bubblers (RDI); (4) rotating rod samplers; (5) vertical string samplers; and (6) polyurethane foam plugs (PUF). Spray deposit was determined with marathion residue collection on horizontal alpha cellulose sheets spaced at 3 m intervals in the spray swath and at 6-m intervals along a line perpendicular and downwind from the spray swath. Spray drift residues were collected by the samplers at four stations along a 90 m sampler line located 30 m downwind and parallel to the spray swath. Gas chromatographic analysis was used to quantify the concentration of malathion. Results indicated that fallout deposits (1) in the spray swath, (2) at 6, 12, 18, or 24 m from the spray swath edge, and (3) at 30 m downwind from the spray swath edge were approximately (1) 47, (2) 0.7, and (3) 0.09% of the total spray application rate, respectively. The low in-swath deposit was partially attributed to (1) a 1.2 m boom height-to ensure that samplers of the evaluation were challenged with a uniform cloud of spray droplets, and (2) the use of a single swath width. No differences were observed in residue collections from high-volume air samplers (P>0.4), rotating rod samplers (P>0.3), or vertical strings (P>0.7) at the four sampling stations. The collection from a high volume-PUF air sampler was 1108 ng/m(3), with 728 ng/m(3) from the filter and 380 ng/m(3) from the PUF. Malathion residues were not detected in the RDI under the selected test conditions. A low airflow rate of 1.2 L/min combined with the short duration of exposure to the moving spray cloud provided little opportunity for the RDI to collect a detectable level of malathion. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA ARS, APTRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Delavan Inc, Lexington, KY USA. RP Womac, AR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Agr Engn, POB 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500005 ER PT J AU Tapela, M Colvin, TS AF Tapela, M Colvin, TS TI The soil tilth index: An evaluation and proposed modification SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE tilth; energy conservation; yield prediction AB One of the factors critical to seed germination and plant development is good tilth. Unfortunately, tilth is often only subjectively evaluated hence its adequacy depends on the experience of the evaluator rather than on a standard procedure. The Tilth index is a quantitative value used to describe soil conditions that relate to plant growth and water movement, ranging from 0.0 for the worst soil to 1.0 for the best sail as related to crop production. Five parameters, i.e., soil particle uniformity organic matter content, bulk density, plasticity and cone index, thought to be the most important in determining soil tilth, were evaluated for different tillage systems and their effects were combined to calculate the Tilth Index. The Tilth Index shows promise as a tool that could be used to optimize energy use for tillage by indicating when additional tillage may not be helpful. The results of this study also suggest that the index may assist in yield prediction by comparing measured soil conditions to known or projected optima for a location. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Colvin, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500006 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Hunt, PG Johnson, MH Coffey, SW AF Stone, KC Hunt, PG Johnson, MH Coffey, SW TI Gleams simulation of groundwater nitrate-N from row crop and swine wastewater spray fields in the eastern coastal plain SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE groundwater; water quality; GLEAMS ID MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; POULTRY LITTER; LOSSES AB Nonpoint source pollution of surface and groundwater resulting from agricultural management practices is a major water quality problem. This problem was assessed on a demonstration watershed in the Cape Fear River Basin of North Carolina, during a five-year study. Groundwater was monitored in a row crop field (corn/wheat/soybean) and a swine waste spray field (Coastal bermuda grass). Groundwater nitrate-N concentrations averaged 6.5 mg/L in the row crop field. Nitrate-N concentrations in groundwater at the swine waste spray field exceeded 80 mg/L. Nitrate-N concentrations were simulated in both fields with the GLEAMS model. The GLEAMS model simulated groundwater nitrate-N concentrations with mean residuals (simulated-observed) +/-1.3 mg/L and +/-19 mg/L, respectively for the row crop and the swine waste spray field. Groundwater nitrate-N concentrations have been reduced in the spray field by using improved management practices and the GLEAMS model simulated this nitrate-N concentration reduction. These simulation results show that the GLEAMS model can be used to predict nitrate-N loading of groundwater of these agricultural management systems. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Water Qual Grp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM stone@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500007 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Hunt, PG Johnson, MH Matheny, TA AF Stone, KC Hunt, PG Johnson, MH Matheny, TA TI Nitrate-N distribution and trends in shallow groundwater on an eastern coastal plains watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE groundwater; contamination; nitrate-N ID QUALITY; LYSIMETERS; DRAINAGE; PERCOLATE; RUNOFF; LOSSES; GRASS; SOIL AB Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture has been a major concern, particularly where intensive agricultural operations exist near environmentally sensitive waters. To address these nonpoint source pollution concerns, a Water Quality Demonstration Project (WQDP) was initiated on the Herrings Marsh Run (HMR) watershed in Duplin County North Carolina. The WQDP was implemented to determine water quality benefits from voluntary adoption of improved management practices. In the WQDP, 84 groundwater monitoring well sites were established on 21 farms selected to represent the major farming practices on the watershed. On the HMR watershed nitrate-N contamination of groundwater was not a wide spread problem. Seventy-four percent of the groundwater monitoring sites had nitrate-N less than the drinking water standard of 10 mg/L. Mean nitrate-N concentrations were below 10 mg/L on 16 of the 21 farms. Of the four farms with nitrate-N exceeding 10 mg/L, one farm had mean nitrate-N that exceeded 20 mg/L. This farm had an undersized and overloaded swine wastewater spray field. After the spray field was expanded and application rates were reduced, groundwater nitrate-N concentrations declined; but they continued to exceed 20 mg/L. Other farms with swine waste spray fields had mean groundwater nitrate-hr concentrations <20 mg/L throughout the study period. Groundwater nitrate-N concentrations under row crops were <10 mg/L on all but two farms. Three of the four farms with nitrate-IV concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L were in a subwatershed of the HMR that had the highest concentration of animal waste application and excess nitrogen applied. Of the 21 farms, three farms had a significant increasing trend in groundwater nitrate-N while four farms had a significant decreasing trend. The overloaded swine wastewater spray field had a significant decreasing nitrate-N trend. Most farms with concentrations less than 10 mg/L had no detectable trend in nitrate-N concentration during the study. These findings indicate that nitrate-N contamination of groundwater is not a widespread problem on the HMR watershed even though it is intensively farmed. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM stone@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500008 ER PT J AU Morrison, JE McCool, DK Petersen, HD AF Morrison, JE McCool, DK Petersen, HD TI Size of pointers for residue cover measurement SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE instrumentation; crop residue; cover; measurement ID SOIL AB Crop-residue cover measurements are needed for research, farm management and farm program evaluation. We measured cover by use of still video imaging and video image analysis to study the influence of observation pointer size on accuracy of surface cover measurements. There are two alternative measurement procedures, the binomial "hit-miss" and the quantified proportional or "mixed" evaluations. Art objective was to identify the "Critical Value" of pointer size above which the accuracy of hit-miss evaluations will be unacceptable and mixed evaluations will be needed. Measurement error with the binomial method, was minimized by use of the smallest observation pointers of 0.2 mm. Error increased with pointer size; for example, error was up to 35 percentage points for small 2.2 mm size pointers. Tested residue physical dimensions were not correlated with unacceptably high measurement errors for pointers less than 2.2 mm in size. The proportional method was relatively insensitive to size of observation painters and to dimensions of pieces of residues. The Critical Value limit for similar results from the binomial and proportional methods appeared to be in the range of pointer sizes from 0.2 to 0.3 mm. Therefore, if perfected, the proportional method should be preferred for residue cover measurements. These results apply to vision-based measuring methods, such as transect lines, and to evolving sensor-based methods which are expected to be used to examine residue cover with discrete sized pointers or equivalent fields of view. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn,USDA ARS PWA, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morrison, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500010 ER PT J AU Ma, QL Wauchope, RD Hook, JE Johnson, AW Truman, CC Dowler, CC Gascho, GJ Davis, JG Sumner, HR Chandler, LD AF Ma, QL Wauchope, RD Hook, JE Johnson, AW Truman, CC Dowler, CC Gascho, GJ Davis, JG Sumner, HR Chandler, LD TI GLEAMS*, Opus, and PRZM-2 model predicted versus measured runoff from a coastal plain loamy sand SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE model performance evaluation; curve number; sensitivity analysis ID FIELD CONDITIONS; SIMULATION; SOILS; GROUNDWATER; PLOT AB Comprehensive models for agrichemical transport necessarily include runoff predictions to partition rainfall between infiltration and runoff as this ability is fundamental to predictions of chemical runoff and leaching. We compared GLEAMS, Opus, and PRZM-2 model runoff predictions with runoff measured in a precisely controlled field site used for chemical runoff studies. In 1992 and 1993, two 14.5 m x 42.9 m corn (Zea mays, L.) field plots with 3% slope on Tifton loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult) received six severe, artificial rainfall events over the growing season with each event consisting of a 25 mm h(-1) rainfall for 2 h. Runoff was monitored continuously using a collector and flume. Model performance criteria included sensitivity analysis, graphical comparison and statistical analysis including mean, ratio of means, root mean square error (RMSE), and a paired difference t-test. Observed runoff averaged 20% of added rainfall. Lowest values occurred with freshly plowed soil or full canopy covet; while 24 to 34% runoff occurred when nearly bare soils had crusted over. Using an initial moisture condition-II curve number (CN) of 85, GLEAMS and Opus predicted runoff within 10%, overall, and produced a pattern of high and low runoff that closely followed observed. PRZM-2 overpredicted runoff by 90%, overall, and predicted its highest runoff when observed runoff was lowest. Paired difference t-tests indicated a significant difference between measured and predicted runoff for PRZM-2 (p<0.001 at alpha = 0.05), but none for GLEAMS (p = 0.761) or Opus (p = 0.194). Mean, ratio of means, and RMSE showed that GLEAMS and Opus performed better than PRZM-2. All three models were very sensitive to CN values which were empirical and subjective, but less sensitive to measurable soil physical properties. With careful parameterization, GLEAMS and Opus could be used to simulate runoff from similar row-crop and soil conditions. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Nematodes Weeds & Crops Res Unit, Brookings, SD USA. USDA ARS, Natl Grain Insect Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Pest Management Res Unit, Brookings, SD USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Unit, Brookings, SD USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hook, JE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jimhook@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 NR 54 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500011 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Doran, JW AF Gilley, JE Doran, JW TI Soil erosion potential of former conservation reserve program sites SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE conservation benefits; erosion prediction; grassland; land use; RUSLE; soil loss; WEPP ID CROPLAND SOILS; ERODIBILITY AB Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) areas that are returned to crop production will initially be much less erodible than fields which were farmed using conventional practices. In this study, a rainfall simulator was used to measure runoff and erosion from former CRP areas in Mississippi, Nebraska and South Dakota over approximately a two year period. Soil loss rates measured immediately following tillage on each of the three sites were similar to values obtained on the undisturbed CRP treatments. However when left in a fallow condition, the erosion-reducing effectiveness of the sod appeared to have lasted less than one year The rapid increase in soil erodibility following tillage was attributed to a reduction in surface cover and organic material. The WEPP and RUSLE models are currently used extensively in conservation planning and assessment. The experimental data collected in this study were used to derive selected parameter values for use in these models. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Chase Hall,Room 251, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500013 ER PT J AU Kraszewski, AW Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Kraszewski, AW Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO TI Simple grain moisture content determination from microwave measurements SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE moisture measurement; microwave techniques; wheat ID WHEAT AB Moisture content of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is expressed as a function of the ratio of microwave attenuation and phase shift, measured at 16.8 GHz, and grain temperature. Validation of the calibration equation indicated that moisture content was obtained with an uncertainty less than +/-0.45% moisture at the 95% confidence level, independent of density variation, at temperatures from -1 degrees C to 42 degrees C, and moisture contents from 10% to 19%. Moisture determination does not depend on the layer thickness of the wheat nor its bulk density. No differences between two wheat cultivars were observed in the measurement data. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500017 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Nelson, SO AF Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Nelson, SO TI Wheat moisture determination by 1- to 110-MHz swept-frequency admittance measurements SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE grain; moisture content; dielectric measurement; radio-frequency measurements; admittance; spectral analysis ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT; GRAIN; DEPENDENCE AB A technique is presented for rapidly determining the moisture content of hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., independent of grain bulk density. Complex admittance measurements from 1 to 110 MHZ on bulk wheat samples were collected for predicting moisture contents ranging from about 9% to 20% wet basis, in samples with densities ranging from 0.620 to 0.790 g/cm(3). The data were transformed to density-independent function (D/F) values, and multivariate analysis was used to eliminate spectral and statistical outliers. Principal component analysis was also used to determine the optimum frequencies for predicting moisture content with the DIF values. Partial least-squares regression was then used to develop a calibration based on measurements at three frequencies of about 2, 25, and 80 MHz. Calibration was performed with 47 wheat samples representing six cultivars harvested in 1992 and 1992 with a standard error of cross validation of 0.34% moisture content, and validation was tested on 146 different samples from the same cultivars. Predicted moisture contents compared well with values determined by air overt drying with a standard error of performance of 0.39% moisture content and a bias of +0.03%. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500018 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Nelson, SO Bartley, PG AF Lawrence, KC Nelson, SO Bartley, PG TI Measuring dielectric properties of hard red winter wheat from 1 to 350 MHz with a flow-through coaxial sample holder SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE grain; moisture content; dielectric properties; wheat; coaxial sensor ID INDEPENDENT MOISTURE DETERMINATION; GRAINS AB A system for measuring the dielectric propel-ties of cereal grains from 1 to 350 MHz with a coaxial sample holder is presented. Several polar alcohols were used to calibrate and verify permittivity measurements obtained with a signal-flow graph model from the full two-part S-parameter measurements. At the lowest frequencies (1-25 MHz), where the phase measurements are less accurate, a lumped parameter model was used for the dielectric loss factor measurements. The system was calibrated with measurements on air and decanol and verified with measurements on octanol, hexanol, and pentanol. The standard error for the polar alcohols used for verification was 2.3% for the dielectric constant and 7.6% for the dielectric loss factor. Although measurements were taken on static samples, the sample holder is designed to accommodate flowing grain. Dielectric properties measurements at 25 degrees C were taken on four hard red winter wheat cultivars ranging in moisture content from about 9% to 21% with bulk densities varying from 0.66 to 0.83 g/cm(3). Most of the data agreed with measurements reported in the literature. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500019 ER PT J AU Lu, RF Chen, YR AF Lu, RF Chen, YR TI Characterization of nonlinear elastic properties of beef products under large deformation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE meat; beef; tenderness; mechanical properties; modeling ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MEAT AB Knowledge of mechanical properties of beef is important for studying its tenderness and improving tenderness measurement techniques. This research was initiated to develop a three-dimensional constitutive equation to describe the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of beef products in large deformations, to determine the constitutive parameters, and to validate the model for multidimensional stress/strain states. Based on experimental observations and the theory of finite elasticity a three-dimensional constitutive equation was proposed, which assumes that the materials are isotropic and incompressible. Uniaxial compression tests were performed on twenty samples each of bologna, salami, and smoked sausage to determine the two parameters in the constitutive equation. Confined two-dimensional compression tests were also conducted to validate the constitutive equation. Experimental results showed that beef products exhibited a pronounced nonlinearity under uniaxial compression; the slope of the force-deformation curves increased monotonically with the increasing deformation. The constitutive equation fitted the stress-strain curves well for the three products. The constitutive equation predicted well the stress-strain responses of the beef products under confined two-dimensional loading; the differences between predicted and measured values were mostly not significant at the 0.05 level. This constitutive equation can be used to predict stress-strain responses of beef products under different loading conditions. C1 ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ISL Bldg 303,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rlu@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500022 ER PT J AU Kuang, W Nelson, SO AF Kuang, W Nelson, SO TI Low-frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues: A review with some new insights SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; electrical properties; dielectric dispersion; dielectric relaxation; biological tissue; electrode polarization ID DOUBLE-LAYER APPROXIMATION; POLARIZATION; DEPENDENCE; GRAIN AB Low-frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues, characterized by alpha- and beta-dispersions, are reviewed with emphasis on physical mechanisms. ion activities, tissue microstructure and composition are discussed. A new mechanism associated with membrane permeability is included. The counterion layer (electrical double layer) phenomenon is discussed. Electrode polarization, which always causes problems with low-frequency dielectric measurements, is also discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 173 EP 184 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZM431 UT WOS:000073539500023 ER PT S AU Schweitzer, CJ AF Schweitzer, CJ BE Wadsworth, KG TI What is restoring bottomland hardwood forests? A study from the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Schweitzer, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 147 EP 155 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100019 ER PT S AU Clay, WH Schmidt, RH AF Clay, WH Schmidt, RH BE Wadsworth, KG TI Utilizing human dimensions information in federal wildlife damage management programs SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Clay, WH (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 215 EP 226 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100027 ER PT S AU Roussopoulos, PJ AF Roussopoulos, PJ BE Wadsworth, KG TI Special session 4. Burning issues and smoke screens: Heat and light in southern forests - Opening remarks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC USA. RP Roussopoulos, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100035 ER PT S AU Hamel, PB Buckner, ER AF Hamel, PB Buckner, ER BE Wadsworth, KG TI How far could a squirrel travel in the treetops? A prehistory of the Southern Forest SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hamel, PB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 309 EP 315 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100036 ER PT S AU Sheffield, RM Dickson, JG AF Sheffield, RM Dickson, JG BE Wadsworth, KG TI The South's forestland - On the hot seat to provide more SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC USA. RP Sheffield, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 316 EP 331 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100037 ER PT S AU Cordell, HK Bliss, JC Johnson, CY Fly, M AF Cordell, HK Bliss, JC Johnson, CY Fly, M BE Wadsworth, KG TI Voices from southern forests SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Cordell, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 332 EP 347 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100038 ER PT S AU Wear, DN Abt, R Mangold, R AF Wear, DN Abt, R Mangold, R BE Wadsworth, KG TI People, space and time: Factors that will govern forest sustainability SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wear, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 348 EP 361 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100039 ER PT S AU Guldin, JM Wigley, TB AF Guldin, JM Wigley, TB BE Wadsworth, KG TI Intensive management - Can the South really live without it? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AK USA. RP Guldin, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AK USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 362 EP 375 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100040 ER PT S AU Stanturf, JA Schweitzer, CJ Schoenholtz, SH Barnett, JP McMahon, CK Tomczak, DJ AF Stanturf, JA Schweitzer, CJ Schoenholtz, SH Barnett, JP McMahon, CK Tomczak, DJ BE Wadsworth, KG TI Ecosystem restoration: Fact or fancy? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Stanturf, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 376 EP 383 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100041 ER PT S AU Achtemeier, GL Jackson, W Hawkins, B Wade, DD McMahon, C AF Achtemeier, GL Jackson, W Hawkins, B Wade, DD McMahon, C BE Wadsworth, KG TI The smoke dilemma: A head-on collision! SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Achtemeier, GL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 415 EP 421 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100044 ER PT S AU Pagel, JE Bell, DA Johnson, ML AF Pagel, JE Bell, DA Johnson, ML BE Wadsworth, KG TI When is an endangered species recovery complete: Is delisting the American peregrine falcon appropriate? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-THIRD NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Changing Resource Values in Challenging Times CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP USDA Animan & Plant Health Inspect Serv, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bureau Reclamat, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Protect Agency, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Co, Natl Rifle Assoc, Sea World/Busch Gardens, Nat Resources Convervat Serv, Educ & Extens Serv, Wildlife Soc, Congress Sportsmens Fdn, Izaak Walton League Amer, Amer Fisheries Soc, Conservat Fund C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Res Grp, Medford, OR USA. RP Pagel, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Res Grp, Medford, OR USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1998 VL 63 BP 463 EP 474 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BL70F UT WOS:000076392100051 ER PT J AU Maier, CA Zarnoch, SJ Dougherty, PM AF Maier, CA Zarnoch, SJ Dougherty, PM TI Effects of temperature and tissue nitrogen on dormant season stem and branch maintenance respiration in a young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon balance; productivity; temperature-nitrogen model of maintenance respiration; tissue nutrition; woody tissue ID WOODY-TISSUE; FINE-ROOT; DYNAMICS; STAND; TREES; FERTILIZATION; GROWTH; AREA AB We measured dormant season (November through February) maintenance respiration rates (R(m)) in stems and branches of 9-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growing in plots under conditions of controlled nutrient and water supply in an effort to determine the relationships between R(m) and tissue size (surface area, sapwood volume, sapwood dry weight), tissue nitrogen content and temperature. Dormant season R(m) per unit size (i.e., surface area, mu mol m(-2) s(-1); sapwood volume, mu mol m(-3) s(-1); or sapwood dry weight, nmol g(-1) s(-1)) varied with tissue size, but was constant with respect to tissue nitrogen content (mu mol mol(-1) N s(-1)). Cambium temperature accounted for 61 and 77% of the variation in stem and branch respiration, respectively. The basal respiration rate (respiration at 0 degrees C) increased with tissue nitrogen content, however, the Q(10) did not. Improved nutrition more than doubled stem basal respiration rate and increased branch basal respiration by 38%. Exponential equations were developed to model stem and branch respiration as a function of cambium temperature and tissue nitrogen content. We conclude that failure to account for tissue nitrogen effects on respiration rates will result in serious errors when estimating annual maintenance costs. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. Westvaco, Forestry Res Lab, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. RP Maier, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 30 TC 65 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YU455 UT WOS:000071719200002 ER PT J AU Lavigne, MB Ryan, MG AF Lavigne, MB Ryan, MG TI A note on the report by M.B. Lavigne and M.G. Ryan relating stem maintenance respiration rate to stem growth rate - Reply SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CYCLE C1 Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lavigne, MB (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YU455 UT WOS:000071719200011 ER PT S AU Fonagy, A Teal, P Meredith, J Kormendy, C Tumlinson, J AF Fonagy, A Teal, P Meredith, J Kormendy, C Tumlinson, J BE Vaudry, H Tonon, MC Roubos, EW deLoof, A TI Partial identification of a new pheromonotropic peptide from Mamestra brassicae SO TRENDS IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY: FROM MOLECULAR TO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists on from Molecular to Integrative Biology CY SEP 10-14, 1996 CL ROUEN, FRANCE ID SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; NEUROPEPTIDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PRECURSOR C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Fonagy, A (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, POB 102, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-110-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 839 BP 488 EP 490 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10844.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BL14T UT WOS:000074444700119 PM 9629199 ER PT B AU Jauhar, PP Amouslem, AB AF Jauhar, PP Amouslem, AB BE Jaradat, AA TI Production and meiotic analyses of intergeneric hybrids between durum wheat and Thinopyrum species SO TRITICEAE III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Triticeae Symposium CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS, ALEPPO, SYRIA SP Int Triticeae Consortium, Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas HO INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS ID BESSARABICUM; HYBRIDIZATION; LOPHOPYRUM; TRITICEAE AB Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n=2x=14; JJ genome) and Th. curvifolium (2n=4x=28; J(1)J(1)J(2)J(2)) have a host of genes for superior agronomic traits such as resistance to stem and leaf rusts, barley yellow dwarf virus, and Fusarium head blight. These grass species (used as male parents) were crossed with Langdon (LDN), a superior durum wheat cultivar (Triticum turgidum L., 2n=4x=28; AABB genomes). Several hybrids with and without the homoeologous pairing suppresser gene, Phl, were synthesized. Hybrids without Phl were produced by using a Langdon substitution line LDN-5D(SB) (in which chromosome 5B carrying the Phl gene was substituted for by chromosome 5D) as the female parent. The F-1 hybrids were perennial and phenotypically intermediate between the parental species. The hybrids lacking Phl showed extensive homoeologous chromosome pairing. Thus, in two triploid F-1 hybrids (2n=3x=21; ABJ) between LDN-5D(5B) and Th. bessarabicum, 60% of the chromosome complement showed chiasmatic association, a welcome feature from the breeding standpoint. Similarly, in hybrids between LDN-5D(5B) and Th. curvifolium 48% of the complement showed pairing. Relatively high pairing (31.4 to 36.1%) was also observed in the presence of Phl in some durum x Th. curvifolium hybrids, presumably because of the partial inactivation of Phl. Data on chromosome pairing are presented, intergenomic relationships briefly described, and the possibility of gene transfer into durum wheat discussed. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-037-1 PY 1998 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BP71K UT WOS:000085946900014 ER PT S AU Goff, WL Johnson, WC Cluff, CW AF Goff, WL Johnson, WC Cluff, CW BE Jongejan, F Goff, W Camus, E TI Babesia bovis immunity - In vitro and in vivo evidence for IL-10 regulation of IFN-gamma and iNOS SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE: MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEMOPARASITES AND THEIR VECTORS, AND GENERAL TOPICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CARFAX, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Commiss European Communities, INCO DC Programme, Integrated Control Ticks & Tickborne Dis Project, Int Fdn Sci, Mairie Montpellier, Minist Cooperat Francaise, USDA, Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Int Serv, Rhone Merieux, SEPPIC HO CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INTERFERON-GAMMA; NITRIC-OXIDE; ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; CRISIS FORMS; T-CELLS; MAMMALIAN IMMUNOGLOBULINS AB IL-10 has been shown to have profound immunoregulatory attributes and in the bovine appears to downregulate both Th1- and Th2-like responses. Using RT-PCR, we demonstrate IL-10 in vitro down-regulation of mRNA expression of iNOS, the cytokines involved in nitric oxide signal transduction initiation (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha), and other mononuclear phagocyte associate cytokines. In addition, using RT-PCR with peripheral blood leukocytes and spleen leokocytes, the Griess reaction, and a killing assay, we provide evidence for the importance of iNOS in a successful immune response to B. bovis infection and for high and persistent IL-10 mRNA expression when the immune response is unsuccessful. We also provide evidence that antibody developed early after an initial infection appears to lack protective attributes (neutralizing and opsonic). Together, the data suggests that IL-10 and IFN-gamma are critical molecules involved in the response to this intraerythrocytic protozoan infection. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 337 Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 96 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-141-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 849 BP 161 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11046.x PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BL26H UT WOS:000074933400020 PM 9668462 ER PT S AU Sahibi, H Rhalem, A Berrag, B Goff, WL AF Sahibi, H Rhalem, A Berrag, B Goff, WL BE Jongejan, F Goff, W Camus, E TI Bovine babesiosis - Seroprevalence and ticks associated with cattle from two different regions of Morocco SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE: MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEMOPARASITES AND THEIR VECTORS, AND GENERAL TOPICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CARFAX, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Commiss European Communities, INCO DC Programme, Integrated Control Ticks & Tickborne Dis Project, Int Fdn Sci, Mairie Montpellier, Minist Cooperat Francaise, USDA, Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Int Serv, Rhone Merieux, SEPPIC HO CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV AB A total of 475 bovine sera collected in 1995-1996 from 10 areas belonging to two different bioclimatic strata were tested for antibody activity to Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). In the Gharb, the B. bovis seroprevalence was 21.7% and for B. bigemina, 10.8%. The infection rate for either or both species as determined microscopically with Giemsa-stained blood films was 18.9%. The Tiflet area was considered an endemic focus, and the seroprevalence was 42.2% for B. bovis and 40% for B. bigemina. The infection rate by stained blood film microscopy was 66.6%. In the Haouz region, only B. bovis was found, and the seroprevalence was 10.1% with 9.4% microscopically positive blood films. More than 80% of the cattle surveyed were infested by ticks and the mean infestation rate was 36 ticks per animal and 21 ticks per animal in the Gharb and Haouz, respectively. Six species were identified. Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma detritum, Hyalomma anatolicum Rhipicephalus bur sa, Rhipicephalus sanguineous and Boophilus annulatus. Boophilus annulatus was found in both regions with high prevalence in the Gharb (31.3%). No further correlation was made between the identified species as vectors and the presence of B. bovis and B. bigemina in these areas. C1 Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol, Rabat, Morocco. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sahibi, H (reprint author), Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-141-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 849 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11051.x PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BL26H UT WOS:000074933400025 PM 9668467 ER PT S AU Herrero, MV Perez, E Goff, WL De Echaide, ST Knowles, DP McElwain, TF Alvarez, V Alvarez, A Buening, GM AF Herrero, MV Perez, E Goff, WL De Echaide, ST Knowles, DP McElwain, TF Alvarez, V Alvarez, A Buening, GM BE Jongejan, F Goff, W Camus, E TI Prospective study for the detection of Anaplasma marginale Theiler, 1911 (Rickettsiales : Anaplasmataceae) in Costa Rica SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE: MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEMOPARASITES AND THEIR VECTORS, AND GENERAL TOPICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CARFAX, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Commiss European Communities, INCO DC Programme, Integrated Control Ticks & Tickborne Dis Project, Int Fdn Sci, Mairie Montpellier, Minist Cooperat Francaise, USDA, Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Int Serv, Rhone Merieux, SEPPIC HO CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV ID BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS; CARRIER CATTLE; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; RICKETTSEMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BABESIOSIS; PROBE; ASSAY; OVIS AB A prospective study was conducted to assess the dynamics of the infection and host response to Anaplasma marginale in one closed herd in the dry tropical forest of Costa Rica. The study subjects were the darns and their calves born during 1 breeding season (1995-1996). All cows were sampled at 3 month intervals for antibody detection using a competitive ELISA (cELISA) and for antigen detection using PCR/nonradioactive probe assay. All 24 calves born during the study were individually identified at birth and subsequently sampled each month for PCR and cELISA. Ticks were identified from all animals throughout the entire study period. The results from this study confirmed that the cELISA is a reliable assay for identifying new and carrier infections and that carrier infections can exist at levels below that detectable by PCR. In addition, it was demonstrated that calves born in this region will most likely be exposed to Anaplasma within the first 6 months of age. C1 Univ Nacl, Sch Vet Med, Entomol Lab, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica. Univ Nacl, Sch Vet Med, Populat Med Res Program, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica. ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Minist Agr & Ganaderia, Lab Nacl Serv Vet, Barreal De Heredia, Costa Rica. Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrero, MV (reprint author), Univ Nacl, Sch Vet Med, Entomol Lab, Apdo 304, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-141-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 849 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11053.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BL26H UT WOS:000074933400027 PM 9668469 ER PT S AU Mondry, R Martinez, D Camus, E Liebisch, A Katz, JB Dewald, R Van Vliet, AHM Jongejan, F AF Mondry, R Martinez, D Camus, E Liebisch, A Katz, JB Dewald, R Van Vliet, AHM Jongejan, F BE Jongejan, F Goff, W Camus, E TI Validation and comparison of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibodies to Cowdria ruminantium infection SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE: MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEMOPARASITES AND THEIR VECTORS, AND GENERAL TOPICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CARFAX, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Commiss European Communities, INCO DC Programme, Integrated Control Ticks & Tickborne Dis Project, Int Fdn Sci, Mairie Montpellier, Minist Cooperat Francaise, USDA, Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Int Serv, Rhone Merieux, SEPPIC HO CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; 32-KILODALTON PROTEIN; HEARTWATER; ISLANDS; AGENT; SERA AB Serological tests for Cowdria ruminantium infection have been hampered by low specificity. Here, an indirect ELISA based on purified antigen, a competitive ELISA using a recombinant major antigenic protein (MAP-1) and an indirect ELISA based on the MAP-1B region of the recombinant MAP-1 were compared. The tests were validated using 3000 sera of ruminants from 14 islands of the Lesser Antilles as well as sequential serum samples from 10 cattle, 17 goats and 10 sheep vaccinated with inactivated C. ruminantium in ISA 50 adjuvant and from 14 goats infected with a virulent culture supernatant. All tests detected significantly higher percentages of positives on Antigua, Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante, where C, ruminantium had been isolated before. Overall specificity calculated with sera from the other 11 heartwater-free islands was 98.1%, 98.5%, and 99.4% for the ELISA based on crude antigen, recombinant MAP-1 and MAP-1B, respectively. Sensitivities observed with sequential serum samples were similar for all tests. Tests based on recombinant antigens, especially the MAP-1B, showed improved specificity, suggesting their use for epidemiological studies in regions where the distribution of cowdriosis is unknown. In addition, the competitive ELISA is useful for studies in wildlife for which species-specific conjugates do not exist. C1 CIRAD, EMVT, Pointe A Pitre 97165, Guadeloupe. Tierarztlichen Hsch Hannover, Inst Parasitol, Hannover, Germany. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Genet, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Dept Parasitol & Trop Vet Med, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Mondry, R (reprint author), CIRAD, EMVT, BP 515, Pointe A Pitre 97165, Guadeloupe. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-141-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 849 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11058.x PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BL26H UT WOS:000074933400032 PM 9668474 ER PT S AU Pegram, RG De Castro, JJ Wilson, DD AF Pegram, RG De Castro, JJ Wilson, DD BE Jongejan, F Goff, W Camus, E TI The CARICOM/IICA Caribbean Amblyomma Program SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE: MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEMOPARASITES AND THEIR VECTORS, AND GENERAL TOPICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CARFAX, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Commiss European Communities, INCO DC Programme, Integrated Control Ticks & Tickborne Dis Project, Int Fdn Sci, Mairie Montpellier, Minist Cooperat Francaise, USDA, Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Int Serv, Rhone Merieux, SEPPIC HO CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV ID VARIEGATUM AB The objective of the Caribbean Amblyomma Program is to eradicate the tropical bent tick (TBT), Amblyomma variegatum, from the Caribbean. Field activities directed to eradication of the TBT were initiated in May 1995 commencing in northern Caribbean islands. Plans have been finalized for the remaining islands to the south to start eradication activities in early 1997. The components of the program include tick control and surveillance, adaptive research, training, communications, and extension. Despite uncertain financial support, substantial progress has been made so far with strong participation by farmers and livestock owners who have been made responsible for the compulsory treatment of all ruminant livestock. C1 FAO, Caribbean Amblyomma Program, Bridgetown, Barbados. FAO, Div Anim Prod & Hlth, I-00100 Rome, Italy. USDA, APHIS, Riverdale, MD USA. RP Pegram, RG (reprint author), FAO, Caribbean Amblyomma Program, 6th Floor,Cent Bank Bldg,POB 631-C Church Village, Bridgetown, Barbados. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-141-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 849 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11068.x PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BL26H UT WOS:000074933400042 PM 9668484 ER PT S AU Vidotto, MC Vidotto, O Andrade, GM Palmer, G McElwain, T Knowles, DP AF Vidotto, MC Vidotto, O Andrade, GM Palmer, G McElwain, T Knowles, DP BE Jongejan, F Goff, W Camus, E TI Seroprevalenee of Anaplasma marginale in cattle in Parana State, Brazil, by MSP-5 competitive ELISA SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE: MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEMOPARASITES AND THEIR VECTORS, AND GENERAL TOPICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CARFAX, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Commiss European Communities, INCO DC Programme, Integrated Control Ticks & Tickborne Dis Project, Int Fdn Sci, Mairie Montpellier, Minist Cooperat Francaise, USDA, Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Int Serv, Rhone Merieux, SEPPIC HO CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV C1 Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Pat Geral, BR-86051970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. Dept Vet Prevent Med, BR-86051970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Vidotto, MC (reprint author), Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Pat Geral, BR-86051970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-141-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 849 BP 424 EP 426 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11087.x PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BL26H UT WOS:000074933400061 PM 9668503 ER PT S AU Sahibi, H Rhalem, AB Berrag, B Goff, WL AF Sahibi, H Rhalem, AB Berrag, B Goff, WL BE Jongejan, F Goff, W Camus, E TI Seroprevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Morocco SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE: MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEMOPARASITES AND THEIR VECTORS, AND GENERAL TOPICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CARFAX, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Commiss European Communities, INCO DC Programme, Integrated Control Ticks & Tickborne Dis Project, Int Fdn Sci, Mairie Montpellier, Minist Cooperat Francaise, USDA, Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Int Serv, Rhone Merieux, SEPPIC HO CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV ID BABESIOSIS C1 Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol, Rabat, Morocco. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sahibi, H (reprint author), Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-141-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 849 BP 427 EP 429 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11088.x PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BL26H UT WOS:000074933400062 PM 9668504 ER PT S AU House, C Shipman, LD Weybright, G AF House, C Shipman, LD Weybright, G BE Jongejan, F Goff, W Camus, E TI Serological diagnosis of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in cattle in the USA with lesions suggestive of vesicular disease SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE: MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEMOPARASITES AND THEIR VECTORS, AND GENERAL TOPICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CARFAX, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Commiss European Communities, INCO DC Programme, Integrated Control Ticks & Tickborne Dis Project, Int Fdn Sci, Mairie Montpellier, Minist Cooperat Francaise, USDA, Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Int Serv, Rhone Merieux, SEPPIC HO CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV ID VIRUSES; BLUETONGUE; NIGERIA; IBADAN; DEER C1 USDA, APHIS, VS,NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP House, C (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS,NVSL, FADDL, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-141-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 849 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11105.x PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BL26H UT WOS:000074933400079 PM 9668521 ER PT J AU Ostry, ME Anderson, NA AF Ostry, ME Anderson, NA TI Interactions of insects, woodpeckers, and hypoxylon canker on aspen SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article ID TREMBLING ASPEN; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; INFECTION SITES; MAMMATUM; WOUNDS C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ostry, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1998 IS 331 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 172XU UT WOS:000078951600001 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TL Wardle, TD AF Schmidt, TL Wardle, TD TI The forest resources of Nebraska SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schmidt, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1998 IS 332 BP 1 EP 114 PG 114 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 145UF UT WOS:000077389200002 ER PT J AU Rumble, MA Sieg, CH Uresk, DW Javersak, J AF Rumble, MA Sieg, CH Uresk, DW Javersak, J TI Native woodlands and birds of South Dakota: past and present. SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER RMRS LA English DT Article DE Great Plains birds; historic bird lists; native prairie woodlands ID DIVERSITY; RIVER AB Eighty-four percent of the upland bird species in present-day bird counts along the Missouri River were included in bird species lists 150 years ago. Eighty-three percent of upland bird species in the Slim Buttes area also occurred 80 to 120 years ago. Historical photographs show native woodlands were part of the presettlement landscape. Expansion of the ranges of blue jays, common grackles, and eastern phoebes in western South Dakota can be attributed to tree plantings, cultivation, and urbanization rather than expanded native woodlands. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ctr Great Plains Ecosyst Res, Rapid City, SD USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Range Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rumble, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ctr Great Plains Ecosyst Res, Rapid City, SD USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROCKY MT RESEARCH STATION PI OGDEN PA 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 USA J9 USDA FOR SERV RM R S PY 1998 IS RP-8 BP 1 EP + PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 237BF UT WOS:000082633200001 ER PT J AU Miller, LR Ringer, RK AF Miller, LR Ringer, RK TI The NRSP-7 project as it relates to the aquaculture industry SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Miller, LR (reprint author), USDA, Cooperat State Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 40 SU 2 BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 137ZM UT WOS:000076947000002 PM 9823573 ER PT J AU Broussard, M AF Broussard, M TI National Aquatic Animal Health Strategy mission statement SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NRSP-7/FDA Workshop on Drugs in Aquaculture - Current Status - Future Goals CY SEP 29-30, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP US Dept HHS, FDA, Ctr Vet Med, US Dept Agr, CSREES, Natl Res Support Project 7 C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Broussard, M (reprint author), USDA, Cooperat State Res Serv, Aerosp Bldg,Suite 330-D, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 40 SU 2 BP 37 EP 38 PG 2 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 137ZM UT WOS:000076947000012 PM 9823582 ER PT J AU Stefan, G Jensen, G AF Stefan, G Jensen, G TI Activities of the federal joint subcommittee on aquaculture SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NRSP-7/FDA Workshop on Drugs in Aquaculture - Current Status - Future Goals CY SEP 29-30, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP US Dept HHS, FDA, Ctr Vet Med, US Dept Agr, CSREES, Natl Res Support Project 7 C1 US FDA, US Dept HHS, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Stefan, G (reprint author), US FDA, US Dept HHS, Ctr Vet Med, 7500 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 40 SU 2 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 137ZM UT WOS:000076947000013 PM 9823583 ER PT J AU Poitout, F Weiss, DJ Dubey, JP AF Poitout, F Weiss, DJ Dubey, JP TI Lung aspirate from a cat with respiratory distress SO VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GONDII TISSUE CYSTS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; DIAGNOSIS; TOXOPLASMOSIS; RESPONSES; INFECTION; SECTIONS; ANTIBODY C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Poitout, F (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, SCHOOL VETERINARY MED, DEPT VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0275-6382 J9 VET CLIN PATH JI Vet. Clin. Pathol. PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 10 EP + PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 126ZX UT WOS:000076326200002 PM 12075553 ER PT J AU Rainard, P Sarradin, P Paape, MJ Poutrel, B AF Rainard, P Sarradin, P Paape, MJ Poutrel, B TI Quantification of C5a/C5a(desArg) in bovine plasma, serum and milk SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE complement; C5a; C5; inflammation; ELISA; mastitis ID COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STREPTOCOCCUS-AGALACTIAE; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; CHEMOTACTIC FACTORS; SIMPLIFIED ASSAY; HUMAN C5A; C3A; ANAPHYLATOXINS; RECEPTOR AB Complement activation generates two potent inflammatory mediators from C5, C5a and its derivative C5a(desArg), which results from the removal of the C-terminal arginine by ubiquitous carboxypeptidases. In this paper we describe the purification of milligram amounts of bovine C5a(desArg) by a simplified procedure, and the preparation of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to C5a/C5a(desArg) which do not recognize native C5.A MAb was used to develop a sandwich ELISA which made it possible to quantify levels of C5a/C5a(desArg) in bovine biological fluids. Small amounts (means +/- SEM) of C5a/C5a(desArg) were found in EDTA-plasma (0.58 +/- 0.06 ng.mL(-1)). The anticoagulant EDTA was more efficient than citrate or heparin in inhibiting in vitro activation of the complement system. Complement activation occurred during coagulation since the baseline concentration of C5a/C5a(desArg) (15.4 +/- 4.1 ng.mL(-1)) was higher than in plasma. Zymosan, a potent activator of the complement cascade, was used to generate C5a/C5a(desArg). The time-course of the reaction and the dose-effect of zymosan were investigated. Optimal conditions were incubation at 39 degrees C for 1 or 2 h with 2 mg of zymosan per mL of serum. The maximal concentration of C5a/C5a(desArg) attained in zymosan-activated serum was 4.28 +/- 0.14 mu g.mL(-1). Normal milk (from healthy, uninflamed mammary glands) contained on average 0.12 ng of C5a/C5a(desArg).mL(-1) (range 0.02-0.19 ng.mL(-1)). The maximal amount of C5a/C5a(desArg) which was generated in milk with zymosan was 1.1 ng.mL(-1) (range 0.68-2.17 ng.mL(-1)). In milk from quarters with subclinical infections by coagulase-negative staphylococci, values were 0.18 ng.mL(-1) and 2.37 ng.mL(-1) for spontaneous and zymosan-generated C5a/C5a(desArg) concentrations, respectively. In milk from Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced mastitis, C5a/C5a(desArg) concentrations (means of four cows) before and after zymosan activation reached 6.5 ng.mL(-1) and 55 ng.mL(-1), respectively. These results indicate that a C5-convertase can operate in normal milk, that only minute amounts of C5a/C5a(desArg) can be generated (less than 1/1 000 of plasma potential), but that much higher concentrations are reached in milk during endotoxin-induced inflammation. The ELISA made it possible to determine normal ranges of C5a/C5a(desArg) in bovine blood plasma and in milk, and is a valuable tool to define the variations of its concentrations in exudates during inflammatory reactions. (C) Inra/Elsevier, Paris. C1 INRA, Pathol Infect & Immunol Lab, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rainard, P (reprint author), INRA, Pathol Infect & Immunol Lab, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 29 IS 1 BP 73 EP 88 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB619 UT WOS:000072490700006 PM 9559522 ER PT S AU Hummer, KE Sugar, D AF Hummer, KE Sugar, D BE Retamales, JB Moggia, C Banados, MP Torres, C Zoffoliu, JP TI Pear genebank information on the World Wide Web SO VIITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PEAR GROWING SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Pear Growing CY JAN 19-22, 1997 CL TALCA, CHILE SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Pyrus; germplasm; genetic resources AB The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Clonal Germplasm Repository at Corvallis, Oregon houses the Pyrus genebank for the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). This collection includes about 700 European and 100 Asian cultivars. In addition, the collection includes about 700 other clonal and seedlot representatives for the 26 major world taxa. The clonal germplasm is maintained as field trees and is backed-up on site as potted plants growing under screen and as in vitro cultures stored for up to 5 years at 4 degrees C. Seeds for wild species are preserved at -20 degrees C. In addition, pear seeds and meristems are shipped to the National Seed Storage Laboratory in Ft. Collins, Co., for long-term cryopreservation. The background, or passport, information for each of the accessions is on the Germplasm Resources InfoNet (GRIN), which is accessible through the worldwide web at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs or from the Repository homepage at: http://www.arsgrin.gov/ars/PacWest/Corvallis/ncgr. An approved taxonomic list with authorities, citations, and synonyms is available from the website. Background clonal information includes breeder, history of development, pedigree, intellectual property rights, and cultivar descriptions and notes. Background species information includes collector, locality, and collection notes. Evaluation information includes yield components; phenology; and fruit, plant and leaf characteristics. Cultivar fruit images are also electronically accessible. Plant requests can be placed electronically or through conventional correspondence. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-920-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1998 IS 475 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BM10D UT WOS:000077633200013 ER PT J AU Hegde, NR Lewin, HA Duggan, MJ Stabel, JR Srikumaran, S AF Hegde, NR Lewin, HA Duggan, MJ Stabel, JR Srikumaran, S TI Development of a syngeneic bovine fibroblast cell line: Implications for the study of bovine cytotoxic T lymphocytes SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARASITE THEILERIA-PARVA; SV40 LARGE-T; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SIMIAN VIRUS-40; HERPESVIRUS-1; VIMENTIN; ANTIGENS; INVITRO; GENE; IMMORTALIZATION AB The study of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in domestic animals, especially in cattle, has been hampered by the lack of proper restimulatory as well as target systems, While the currently available bovine cell lines have not been typed for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules they express, methods to derive lines of cells obtained from animals that are MHC-typed have not been thoroughly explored, In the present study, we describe a method for the development of cell lines from MHC-typed animals. Cells obtained from the skin of a calf typed as bovine lymphocyte antigen-A11/-A13 were transfected with a plasmid containing the whole genome of simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40), A cell line was derived from the resultant transfectants, This cell line expressed bovine MHC class I molecules on the cell surface, and SV40 large T antigen in the nucleus. The cells were permissive to the replicative cycle of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), and the major glycoproteins of BHV-1 were expressed at expected times after infection, The present study should contribute to the study of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response of cattle to BHV-1 and other intracellular pathogens. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Bryan Mem Hosp, Dept Pathol, Lincoln, NE USA. Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Srikumaran, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Hegde, Nagendra/J-5920-2014 OI Hegde, Nagendra/0000-0001-5260-2159 NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1089/vim.1998.11.37 PG 12 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA ZK308 UT WOS:000073306200005 PM 9586696 ER PT J AU Moore, KM Bennett, JD Seal, BS Jackwood, MW AF Moore, KM Bennett, JD Seal, BS Jackwood, MW TI Sequence comparison of avian infectious bronchitis virus S1 glycoproteins of the Florida serotype and five variant isolates from Georgia and California SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE infectious bronchitis virus; spike glycoprotein; coronavirus; phylogenetic analysis ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CORONAVIRUS-IBV; SPIKE GLYCOPROTEIN; GENE; STRAINS; HEMAGGLUTINATION; BEAUDETTE; CLONING; PROTEIN; M41 AB The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) spike glycoprotein S1 subunit is required to initiate infection and contains virus-neutralizing and serotype-specific epitope(s). Reported are the S1 gene nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences for the Florida 18288 strain and isolates GA-92, CV-56b, CV-9437, CV-1686, and 1013. These sequences were compared with previously published gene sequences of IBV strains, and phylogenetic relationships are reported. The S1 amino acid sequence of Florida 18288 was 94.9% similar to the Connecticut strain, and GA-92 was 92.8% similar to the Arkansas 99 strain. S1 amino acid sequences of the California variants, CV-56b, CV-9437, and CV-1686, were 97.6-99.3% similar to one another and only 76.6%-76.8% similar to the Arkansas-type strains. Isolate 1013, also from California, was 84.0% similar to Ark DPI and 77.9% similar to CV-56b. When comparing 19 viruses isolated from the United States, sequence variations were observed between amino acids 55-96, 115-149, 255-309, and 378-395. Similar regions are reported to be involved in virus-neutralizing and/or serotype-specific epitopes. These data demonstrate that Variant IBV strains continue to emerge, and unique variants may circulate among poultry in geographically isolated areas. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Moore, KM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1 BP 63 EP 83 DI 10.1023/A:1008057118625 PG 21 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 121DE UT WOS:000075996200009 PM 9778790 ER PT J AU Smith, OP Durkin, SA Luster, DG McDaniel, LL Russo, AJ Damsteegt, VD AF Smith, OP Durkin, SA Luster, DG McDaniel, LL Russo, AJ Damsteegt, VD TI Sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of the coat protein gene of the dwarfing strain of soybean dwarf luteovirus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE soybean dwarf virus; dwarfing strain; coat protein; nucleotide sequence; bacterial expression ID VIRUS AB The nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of the dwarfing (D) strain of soybean dwarf luteovirus (SbDV) was determined from cloned cDNA, The gene contains 600 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 200 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 22.2 kDa, A major portion of the coat protein open reading frame (ORF) was expressed in Escherichia coli as a pET fusion protein and the product was detected by western blot analysis using SbDV-D polyclonal antibodies. Comparison of the deduced coat protein amino acid sequence to that from the yellowing (Y) strain of SbDV demonstrated 88% identity. C1 Hood Coll, Dept Biol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Rockville, MD USA. Mt St Marys Coll, Emmitsburg, MD 21727 USA. USDA ARS, Frederick, MD USA. RP Smith, OP (reprint author), Hood Coll, Dept Biol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1998 VL 17 IS 3 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1023/A:1008012219123 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 159KG UT WOS:000078171000001 PM 9926396 ER PT J AU Deregt, D Bolin, SR van den Hurk, J Ridpath, JF Gilbert, SA AF Deregt, D Bolin, SR van den Hurk, J Ridpath, JF Gilbert, SA TI Mapping of a type 1-specific and a type-common epitope on the E2 (gp53) protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus with neutralization escape mutants SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bovine viral diarrhoea virus; epitopes; neutralization resistant mutants; monoclonal antibodies ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN-E1; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MUCOSAL DISEASE; STRAIN BRESCIA; POTENTIAL USE; PESTIVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; CALVES AB Bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV) have recently been segregated into two genotypes, BVDV 1 and BVDV 2. However, the antigenic differences and similarities of BVDV 1 and BVDV 2 remain poorly defined. In this study, the E2 epitopes of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced against an isolate of BVDV I were mapped. The mAb 157, previously determined to be broadly cross-reactive to BVDV, was discovered to be BVDV 1-specific, whereas mAb 348 bound to and neutralized BVDV 2. Both mAbs bound to epitopes within the first 192 amino acids of the E2 protein as determined by reactions with a C-terminally truncated E2. To identify critical amino acids affecting these epitopes, mAb escape mutants were selected for sequencing from BVDV I and BVDV 2 strains with different (wild-type) mAb binding phenotypes. In addition, the E2 gene of several BVDV were sequenced and the sequences were compared with amino acid changes in mutant viruses. Single nucleotide changes in escape mutants selected with mAb 157 resulted in deduced amino acid changes at E2 positions 9, 32 or 72. Amino acid changes at position 72 also affected the epitope of mAb 348. Alignment of E2 nucleotide sequences revealed that BVDV 2 are missing six nucleotides encoding the equivalent of amino acids 31 and 32 of BVDV 1 and thus, this difference can account for the BVDV 1-specificity of mAb 157. Single nucleotide mutations in mAb 348 escape mutants of BVDV 1 and BVDV 2 resulted in changes in 3 amino acids in the previously described immunodominant 71-74 region (Virology 190, 763-772). A fourth amino acid change observed in a mutant of BVDV 2 extended this region to position 77. Thus, the amino acid changes affecting the conserved epitope of mAb 348 occurred in a short spatial array over only seven amino acids, unlike the described composite epitopes previously mapped to this region. Crown Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Anim Dis Res Inst, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Biostar Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3R2, Canada. RP Deregt, D (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Anim Dis Res Inst, POB 640, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 53 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(97)00129-9 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZK869 UT WOS:000073372000007 PM 9617771 ER PT J AU Cabeza, LF Taylor, MM DiMaio, GL Brown, EM Mermer, WN Carrio, R Celma, PJ Cot, J AF Cabeza, LF Taylor, MM DiMaio, GL Brown, EM Mermer, WN Carrio, R Celma, PJ Cot, J TI Processing of leather waste: pilot scale studies on chrome shavings. Isolation of potentially valuable protein products and chromium SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Hides come to the tanner as a by-product of the meat industry. The tanning process, in turn, generates much greater quantities of by-products and wastes than leather. One ton of wet salted hides yields only 200 kg of leather but over 600 kg of solid waste, or byproduct if a market can be found. In the United States, nearly 60,000 metric tons of chromium-containing solid waste, i.e. chrome shavings, are generated by the leather industry each year, and approximately ten times this amount is generated worldwide. Land application for the disposal of chromium-containing tannery and other leather wastes has been widely practiced during most of the twentieth century, but fewer landfill sites can be found every day and the cost of transportation and disposal increases. Historically, these materials were used in the production of fertilizer or composite boards, but while once the company producing and marketing fertilizer or boards would pay for the waste and its transportation, nowadays, the tanner has to pay for such things. Over several years, we have demonstrated that it is possible to isolate protein products (gelatin and collagen hydrolysate) from chrome shavings by using an alkaline protease under mild conditions. The objective of the present work was to perform pilot plant trials to isolate protein products from chrome shavings, treat and purify the remaining chrome cake and tan hides with the recovered chromium. Because of the high nitrogen content, the isolated collagen hydrolysate has potential use as a fertilizer and in animal feed additives. The gelatin has potential use in cosmetics, adhesives, printing, photography, microencapsulation, films or even as an additive in finishing products for the leather industry. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Inst Quim Sarria, Dept Engn, Ecotechnol Div, Barcelona 08017, Spain. CSIC, Ctr Invest & Desarrollo, Dept Ecotecnol, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Cabeza, Luisa F./B-4587-2013 OI Cabeza, Luisa F./0000-0001-5086-872X NR 25 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 3 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00032-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 146VR UT WOS:000077453300006 ER PT B AU Ahuja, LR Ma, L Hanson, JD Kanwar, RS AF Ahuja, LR Ma, L Hanson, JD Kanwar, RS BE Pereira, LS Gowing, J TI Application of tee root zone water quality model for environment-water management in agricultural systems SO WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT: INNOVATIVE ISSUES IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Inter-Regional Conference on Environment-Water: Innovative Issues in Irrigation and Drainage CY SEP, 1998 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL SP Int Commiss Irrigat & Drainage, Portuguese Natl Comm, ICID, CIHEAM, IAM-B, CTA, Inst Agua, Inst Hidraul Engn Rural & Ambiente, Inst Super Agron, Ctr Estudos Engn Rural DE agricultural management; crop production; drainage; modelling; nitrate; pesticide; surface runoff; water management; water quality ID MACROPORE TRANSPORT; RZWQM; COMPONENT; DRAINAGE; SOIL; CORN AB Increasing public concern for agricultural resources and environmental pollutants have led to more use of agricultural systems models to assess water management practices under field conditions. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was developed as a tool for agricultural management and tested under various conditions around the world. This paper summarizes results of model application and evaluation for environment-water management. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL INC PI NEW YORK PA 29 WEST 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 0-419-23710-0 PY 1998 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ97P UT WOS:000165196900001 ER PT B AU Petersen, RJ AF Petersen, RJ BE Loucks, ED TI Ground water recharge project Prescott Valley, Arizona SO WATER RESOURCES AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB The Town of Prescott Valley, Arizona, recently built a Ground Water Recharge Project utilizing small lakes or ponds located in the center of town where permeable soils allow ground water recharge of excess treated wastewater effluent to gain future ground water rights. The project recharges treated effluent from a new wastewater collection and treatment system. The project will provide future water resources for development in an arid Arizona community that depends on ground water resources. This paper describes some of the aspects considered for the development of this groundwater recharge project. C1 USDA, Arizona State Off, Phoenix, AZ 85012 USA. RP Petersen, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Arizona State Off, 3003 N Cent Ave,Suite 900, Phoenix, AZ 85012 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0343-0 PY 1998 BP 676 EP 679 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36A UT WOS:000081696300114 ER PT B AU Simon, A Curini, A AF Simon, A Curini, A BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Pore pressure and bank stability: The influence of matric suction SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Recent field research has disclosed that the loss of matric suction (negative pore pressures) from infiltrating precipitation may be as significant as the development of excess pore pressures in contributing to mass bank instability. Research was conducted in cohesive bank materials along Goodwin Creek northern Mississippi. Apparent cohesion (c(a)) and friction angle (phi') were measured in situ with a borehole shear tester. Matric suction (mu(a)-mu(w)) was measured continuously, in situ with a series of pressure-transducer tensiometers. Bank failures are associated with periods following successive, moderate rainfall events which permit sufficient time for water to drain into the bank and reduce matric suction and generate positive pore-water pressures in areas of low permeability. A bank-failure algorithm is used to investigate the role of matric suction for layered river banks. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 358 EP 363 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600060 ER PT B AU Shields, FD AF Shields, FD BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Woody vegetation in river restoration: Problems and opportunities SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div ID EROSION; CHANNELS; REMOVAL; DEBRIS; STREAM C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM shields@sedlab.olemiss.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 660 EP 665 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600110 ER PT B AU Shields, FD Bernard, JM Tuttle, RW AF Shields, FD Bernard, JM Tuttle, RW BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Federal interagency stream corridor restoration document SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 708 EP 711 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600118 ER PT B AU Langendoen, EJ Bingner, RL AF Langendoen, EJ Bingner, RL BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Simulation of alluvial processes in evolving channel networks SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Channels in the Yazoo River Basin in northern Mississippi have incised considerably during the past few decades due to knickpoints migrating up the channels. Federal action agencies have coordinated their work within the Mississippi Demonstration Erosion Control Project (DEC) watersheds to install grade control structures needed to stabilize channels. These structures prevent the upstream migration of knickpoints and ultimate heightening of streambanks, which otherwise would lead to mass bank failure and therefore loss of farmland. The response of channels to grade control structures is not well understood since many interactions between hydrologic, hydraulic, and geomorphic parameters are involved, thus eliminating the use of simple, analytical tools. The results of computer model simulations of channel evolution of Goodwin Creek, Mississippi, demonstrates the capability of these tools to accurately predict the longitudinal morphology of incised channels within watershed systems. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Langendoen, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 742 EP 747 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600124 ER PT B AU Garbrecht, J Starks, PJ AF Garbrecht, J Starks, PJ BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Data and uncertainties for GIS based hydrologic modeling SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; RAINFALL; NETWORKS; AREAS AB A brief introduction to data sources and typical data uncertainties selected Geographic Information Systems (GIS) coverages for application in hydrologic modeling is presented. The GIS coverages selected for presentation are: Digital Elevation Models, channel networks, precipitation, soils and remote sensing. The review shows a wealth of spatial data that can be tapped for distributed hydrologic modeling applications. However, as with most data, one has to be aware of its inherent assumptions, limitations and applicability. Examples of data sources and limitations are given for the selected data coverages. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 774 EP 779 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600129 ER PT B AU Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM Cook, KR AF Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM Cook, KR BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Erosion of structured material due to impinging jet SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Characterizing the effects of material structural properties on hydraulic threshold is important in quantifying the performance of earthen spillways, embankment foundations, headcut migration, road ditches, drainage channels, and river beds. A simple threshold study in an overfall setting was conducted in the laboratory using five different sizes of blocks varying from 8-cm cubes to 9- x 20- x 40-cm rectangular blocks. The blocks were systematically arranged without cohesion. Tests were conducted on rectangular blocks in a maximum of four orientations downstream of overfalls varying in height from 30-cm to 100-cm. Block stability increased as the block dimension orthogonal to the bed surface plane increased and as the estimated stagnation pressure in the impingement zone decreased. A dimensionless stability factor was developed based on a simple analysis of the forces on the block. C1 USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1102 EP 1107 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600185 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ Camacho, E Strelkoff, TS AF Clemmens, AJ Camacho, E Strelkoff, TS BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Furrow irrigation design with Simulation SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB In this paper, we present a furrow irrigation design method, wherein an unsteady-flow simulation of a single event is used to "tune" a simplified model. This tuning adjusts model parameters to match: 1) advance time to the end of the field, 2) application time, and 3) infiltration and runoff volumes. The simplified model is then applied over a range of conditions to develop performance contours that can assist the user in the design process This model is being programmed into a user-friendly computer program. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1135 EP 1140 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600191 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ Feuer, L Strand, RJ AF Clemmens, AJ Feuer, L Strand, RJ BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Plug and play canal automation: Is it possible? SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB In 1995, Automata, Inc., a private manufacturer of agricultural sensing and control equipment, and the U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory (USDA-Agricultural Research Service) joined into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to develop a low-cost, integrated package for canal automation, including hardware and software, that would essentially make canal automation a plug-and-play system. The low cost of this integrated package is particularly applicable to smaller canals. This pager is a progress report on the on-going development and field testing of this equipment and control methodology. C1 US Water Conservat Lab, USDA ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Automata Inc, Grass Valley, CA USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), US Water Conservat Lab, USDA ARS, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1272 EP 1277 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600214 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ Bautista, E Gooch, RS Strand, RJ AF Clemmens, AJ Bautista, E Gooch, RS Strand, RJ BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Bringing canal automation on-line at SRP SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Canal automation has found its way into practice under two situations: local automatic control of a single structure (e.g., flow rate control at the head of a lateral) and control of volume for large schemes based on pre-scheduled or predicted demands (e.g., Dynamic Regulation). To date, feedback control of a series of canal pools has proven to be very difficult, with a few marginal successes (e.g., ELFLO on the Coming Canal in CA) and several dismal failures. In our view, there are three reasons why canal automation has not found its way into practice. First, the feedback control algorithms in use were not sophisticated enough to handle the interaction between pools. This technical problem has now been solved. Second, the canal's hydraulic properties limit the ability of feedback control to handle typical demand changes. This constraint becomes more severe as flow changes become larger. Anticipation and prescheduling of large demand changes is usually necessary. New gate-stroking procedures have recently been developed that can be efficiently implemented. Third, the implementation of the feedback control algorithms have been done in isolation from the rest of the system. In the current scheme, feedback, feedforward, and manual control of a canal can occur simultaneously - thereby utilizing the advantages each has to offer. This system is currently being installed for testing on Salt River Project's Arizona Canal. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Salt River Project, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1278 EP 1283 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600215 ER PT B AU Nielsen, RD Hjelmfelt, AT AF Nielsen, RD Hjelmfelt, AT BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Hydrologic soil group assignment SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Assignment of soils to hydrologic soil groups has been based on published criteria subjectively interpreted and applied by soil scientists. As a result hydrologic soil group placement for any given soil lacks consistency of method and correlation to the respective soil's physical properties. A method of placing soil into hydrologic soil groups was developed using fuzzy systems techniques. This method consists of a set of fuzzy system rules and evaluations that establish a consistency in the interpretation of hydrologic soil group criteria. The fuzzy system placement of soil into a hydrologic soil group correlates well with previously established placements. This approach also identified those soils that may have been improperly placed in a given hydrologic soil group and those that have insufficient data to make a proper group placement. C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. RP Nielsen, RD (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1297 EP 1302 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600218 ER PT B AU Clemmens, AJ AF Clemmens, AJ BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Overview of irrigation method selection SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB The ASCE On-Farm Irrigation Committee has recently completed a draft of a manual on "Selection of Irrigation Methods for Agriculture." The purpose of the manual is to provide information on the advantages and limitations of various irrigation methods so that engineers, designers, sales people, irrigation managers, students and others can make informed decisions on irrigation-method selection. It is mainly targeted for developed countries. This manual has undergone substantial revision to treat the main irrigation methods - surface, sprinkler, micro, subsurface irrigation/watertable management - more or less equally. This paper gives an overview of the manual. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1404 EP 1409 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600236 ER PT B AU Bennett, SJ Simon, A Kuhnle, RA AF Bennett, SJ Simon, A Kuhnle, RA BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Temporal variations in point bar morphology within two incised river meanders, Goodwin Creek, Mississippi SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Two meander bends along Goodwin Creek, Mississippi, were chosen to examine incised-meander migration processes, bank failure mechanics, and point bar response. Detailed topographic surveys of the point bars over a two-year period reveal discrete episodes of net change in bar morphology. Sediment erosion generally occurred during Winter/Spring months, was associated with moderately high flow discharges, and bar surface texture tended to become coarser-grained. Sediment deposition generally occurred during Summer/Fall months, was associated with the highest flow discharges, and bar surface texture tended to become finer-grained. Net changes at each bendway site occurred in synchronicity and of nearly equal magnitude, and show net vertical accretion rates of 30 nlm yr(-1). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1422 EP 1427 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600239 ER PT B AU Robinson, KM Rice, CE Kadavy, KC Talbot, JR AF Robinson, KM Rice, CE Kadavy, KC Talbot, JR BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Energy losses on a roller compacted concrete stepped spillway SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Roller compacted concrete (RCC) materials and construction techniques are becoming more common for dam construction where foundation conditions are suitable. RCC technology offers the advantage of allowing the emergency spillway to be located over the top of the dam, with a stepped surface to provide some energy dissipation. A model study was performed for a spillway on Randleman Lake Dam, a proposed RCC dam to be constructed near Randleman, North Carolina. A 1:40 scale, two-dimensional model was evaluated to find the optimum step height and to compare stepped surface energy losses to a smooth spillway surface. A 1:40 scale, three-dimensional model was examined to assess spillway and stilling basin performance for spillway wall convergence angles of 0 degrees, 20.9 degrees, and 32.5 degrees. Velocity profiles were collected and analyzed for the different spillway configurations, and these data are presented and discussed. The stepped spillway surface dissipated enough energy to reduce the stilling basin length. Substantial cost savings were achieved by converging the spillway chute walls, while maintaining acceptable hydraulic performance. C1 USDA ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Robinson, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1434 EP 1439 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600241 ER PT B AU Kuhnle, RA Alonso, CV Shields, FD AF Kuhnle, RA Alonso, CV Shields, FD BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Volume of scour holes for angled spur dikes SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Volumes of the scour hole in the vicinity of model spur dikes were measured in a laboratory flume under clear-water overtopping flows. Angles of 45, 90 and 135 degrees were used with contraction ratios of 0.125 and 0.250. These experiments were undertaken to optimize the design of spur dikes to enhance aquatic habitats and maintain protection of stream banks. Results showed that of the three angles tested, spur dikes with angles of 135 degrees caused the least potential for erosion of the bank and caused the greatest volume of local scour which would maximize potential benefits to aquatic habitats. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kuhnle, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1613 EP 1618 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600270 ER PT B AU Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ AF Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI An open-loop control system for open-channel flows SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB A simple approach for computing an anticipatory open-loop (i.e, feedforward) control schedule to satisfy known water demand changes in open channels is proposed. The methodology assumes a succession of steady-states and takes into account pool volume changes and delay times to generate a schedule of check flow rate changes. The proposed procedure is a component of an automated control system currently under development for the Salt River Project in Arizona. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1852 EP 1857 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600309 ER PT J AU Marsh, TL Liu, WT Forney, LJ Cheng, H AF Marsh, TL Liu, WT Forney, LJ Cheng, H TI Beginning a molecular analysis of the eukaryal community in activated sludge SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Microorganisms in Activated Sludge and Biofilm Processes CY JUL 21-23, 1997 CL BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DE eukaryotes; activated sludge; diversity; phylogeny; DGGE; terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism; T-RFLP ID MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PROTOZOA AB As a means to furthering our understanding of the eukaryal community in activated sludge, we have applied contemporary molecular techniques to an activated sludge community maintained in a laboratory-scale bioreactor. The initial inoculum was derived from a local wastewater treatment facility in East Lansing, MI and maintained with continuous aeration and a daily feeding regime that included glucose and peptone. Samples were taken on a weekly basis for 5 weeks and community DNA was extracted from 2-5 ml of activated sludge. Using a variety of oligonucleotide primers specific to eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal DNA, we PCR amplified rDNA from the total community DNA. PCR products were analyzed by three techniques, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DOGE), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and comparative sequence analysis of rDNA clones. Over the course of 5 weeks, analysis with DGGE revealed dramatic changes in the eukaryotic community based on differences in denaturation profiles. However, the analysis is limited to 5-6 bands corresponding to 5-6 different "ribotypes". Analysis with T-RFLP also suggests changes to the:eukaryotic community over time. Both increases and decreases in population size can be detected as a function of time. Up to 15 different terminal restriction fragments can be detected with T-RFLP indicating that this technique is considerably more sensitive than DGGE. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences from 11 cloned rDNAs indicate that all 11 clones are from the Ciliophora phylum. (C) 1998 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Marsh, TL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Liu, Wen-Tso/C-8788-2011 OI Liu, Wen-Tso/0000-0002-8700-9803 NR 14 TC 47 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 4-5 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00145-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA ZR076 UT WOS:000073933300072 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, TJ Engle, ME Kujawski, PT AF Tworkoski, TJ Engle, ME Kujawski, PT TI Effect of moisture stress and glyphosate on adventitious shoot growth of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE male and female clones; polyethylene glycol (PEG); perennial weed; regrowth; translocation; CIRAR ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA; L SCOP; CHLORSULFURON; TRANSLOCATION; ROOT AB The effect of reduced water availability on glyphosate efficacy and adventitious shoot growth in male and female clones of Canada thistle was studied. Water availability was regulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in hydroponically grown plants or by withholding water from soil-grown plants. In hydroponic media, there was 50% more adventitious shoot growth from male plants than from female plants. Both PEG and foliarly applied glyphosate reduced the number of adventitious shoots, regardless of gender. In soil, the same number of adventitious shoots formed on untreated male and female plants. However, when glyphosate was applied to plants growing under dry conditions, there was 75% more adventitious shoot growth from males than females. Distribution of glyphosate was similar in male and female plants. Approximately 23% of applied C-14-glyphosate was transported throughout Canada thistle planes within 10 d of treatment regardless of gender or moisture condition. Gender differences in capacity for vegetative reproduction may alter the sex ratio of Canada thistle populations in the field following glyphosate application. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Tworkoski, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 46 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZA047 UT WOS:000072323200010 ER PT J AU Ransom, CV Kells, JJ Wax, LM Orfanedes, MS AF Ransom, CV Kells, JJ Wax, LM Orfanedes, MS TI Morphological variation among hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) populations SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE morphology; variation; population; weed ecology; diversity; biotype; ecotype ID CONVOLVULUS-ARVENSIS BIOTYPES; WEED; TILLAGE; GROWTH AB Experiments were conducted to examine morphological variation among hemp dog-bane populations. Rootstocks collected from 16 sires throughout Michigan and Illinois were used to establish nurseries in East Lansing, MI, and Champaign, IL. Growth, stem characteristics, and leaf characteristics were measured for each ecotype at both nurseries. Differences among ecotypes were observed for all measurements except emergence date and growing degree days to emergence. The number of shoots per plot produced by the ecotypes ranged from 5 to 54 and shoot height ranged from 69 to 126 cm. Ecotypes spread laterally at different rates, with the most aggressive covering 19 rimes more ground area than the least aggressive. Total shoot dry weight accumulation varied greatly among ecotypes. Some ecotypes could be identified from others by their unique leaf shape. Shoot number, shoot height, and ground area covered were greater for plants grown in Michigan than in Illinois. Differences in growth and morphological characteristics among ecotypes were not correlated with the geographical region where they were collected. Differences in measurements between the two nurseries illustrate the role of environment and genetics in the growth and morphology of this plant species. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kells, JJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Ransom, Corey/E-5927-2011 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 46 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZA047 UT WOS:000072323200012 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Manners, GD Gardner, DR AF Ralphs, MH Manners, GD Gardner, DR TI Toxic alkaloid response to herbicides used to control tall larkspur SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; metsulfuron; picloram; norditerpenoid alkaloids; methyllycaconitine; 14-deacetylnudicaluine; poisonous plant; Delphinium barbeyi ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; DELPHINIUM AB Herbicides have been used to control tall larkspur to prevent cattle deaths. There is some evidence that tall larkspur may become more toxic and more palatable during the desiccation process following herbicide treatment. A series of studies were conducted to measure toxic alkaloid concentration in tall larkspur following treatment with metsulfuron, picloram, and glyphosate. Herbicides were applied to larkspur plants grown in a greenhouse (1990), to field plots infested with larkspur (1993), and ro individual larkspur plants in the field (1995). Leaves were harvested up to 14 or 28 d following treatment, and toxic alkaloids were measured. Metsulfuron increased toxic alkaloid concentration in the 1990 greenhouse study and in 1993 field plot studies, and increased both concentration and absolute amount of toxic alkaloids in 1995 individual plant treatments. Alkaloids in plants treated with picloram either remained unchanged or declined slightly in all three studies and were similar to control plants. In the 1995 study, glyphosate caused the relative concentration of alkaloids ra increase as the plants desiccated, but the absolute amount of alkaloids was similar to control plants. Picloram and glyphosate did not reduce alkaloid concentration; thus, the risk of poisoning remains until plants desiccate. Metsulfuron increased alkaloid concentration, thus increasing the risk of poisoning. Cattle should not be allowed to graze sprayed areas until larkspur desiccates and withers. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 46 IS 1 BP 116 EP 119 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZA047 UT WOS:000072323200019 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Farnham, MW AF Harrison, HF Farnham, MW TI Differential tolerance of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) cultivars to preemergence application of oxyfluorfen SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxyfluorfen, 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene; broccoli, (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica); herbicide tolerance; susceptibility; cole crops ID VAR BOTRYTIS AB The tolerance of 10 broccoli cultivars to preemergence (PRE) applications of oxyfluorfen was evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments. Differences in tolerance among cultivars were expressed as differences in seedling injury ratings and growth and stand reduction. The cultivars 'Pinnacle' and 'Mercedes' were most tolerant, 'Embassy' and 'Early Dawn' were least tolerant, and other cultivars were intermediate in tolerance. Broccoli seedling weights and stand counts averaged across 10 cultivars and oxyfluorfen application rates of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 kg/ha were 70 and 81% of control, respectively. for the two fall-planted experiments and 39 and 50% of control, respectively, for the spring-planted experiment. Differences in tolerance among cultivars were less distinct in the cooler spring than in the warmer fall season. Oxyfluorfen application that caused stand and early growth reduction did not always affect broccoli head weight or quality or delay harvest. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZH825 UT WOS:000073151300003 ER PT J AU Richard, EP AF Richard, EP TI Control of perennated bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; imazapyr, (+/-)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]- 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; metribuzin, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine-5(4H)-one; pendimethalin, N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine; sulfometuron, 2[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid; thiazopyr, methyl 2-(difluoromethyl)-5-(4,5-dihydro-2-thiazolyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(tri fluoromethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate; bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. #(3) CYNDA; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. #(3) SORHA; sugarcane, a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp. 'LCP 82-89'; perennial weeds; imazapyr; sulfometuron; thiazopyr; CYNDA; SORHA; SACOF ID ASULAM AB In two separate field experiments conducted over time, at-planting preemergence (PRE) applications of sulfometuron at 110 to 150 g ai/ha followed by March applications of sulfometuron at 30 g/ha or metribuzin at 2,580 g ai/ha at the start of the initial (plant cane) growing season controlled more bermudagrass and johnsongrass emerging in sugarcane from rhizome and stolen pieces than standard at-planting followed by March applications of atrazine at 2,240 g ai/ha (no control), metribuzin at 2,580 g ai/ha, or pendimethalin at 2,240g ai/ha. Treatments containing at planting applications of imazapyr at 280 g ai/ha or thiazopyr at 560 g ai/ha did not provide levels of control similar to sulfometuron. Crop injury in excess of 10% occurred only when imazapyr at 280 g/ha (18 to 42%) or sulfometuron at 30 g/ha (11 to 32%) was applied in March to emerging sugarcane. Sugarcane stalk numbers, stalk heights, and ultimately cane and sugar yields were increased when compared to the standards with all sulfometuron treatments and when thiazopyr was applied at planting and again in March. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, Houma, LA 70361 USA. RP Richard, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 470, Houma, LA 70361 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 128 EP 133 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ZH825 UT WOS:000073151300022 ER PT S AU Lawrence, KC Nelson, SO Bartley, PG AF Lawrence, KC Nelson, SO Bartley, PG GP IEEE TI Coaxial dielectric sensor for cereal grains SO WHERE INSTRUMENTATION IS GOING - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference on Where Instrumentation is Going (IMTC 98) CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP IEEE, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Twin Cities Sect AB A system for measuring the dielectric properties of cereal grains from 25 to 350 MHz with a coaxial sample holder is presented. A signal-flow graph model was used to determine the permittivity of several polar alcohols from the full two-port S-parameter measurements. The system was calibrated with measurements on air and decanol and verified with measurements on octanol, hexanol, and pentanol. The standard error for the polar alcohols used for verification was 2.3% for the dielectric constant and 7.6% for the dielectric loss factor. Although measurements were taken on static samples, the sample holder is designed to accommodate flowing grain. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-4797-8 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1998 BP 541 EP 546 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL12D UT WOS:000074362400107 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO Kraszewski, AW AF Nelson, SO Kraszewski, AW GP IEEE TI Resonant cavity measurements for sensing pulverized material mixture proportions SO WHERE INSTRUMENTATION IS GOING - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference on Where Instrumentation is Going (IMTC 98) CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP IEEE, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Twin Cities Sect AB Based on differences in the permittivity of coal and limestone rock, a resonant cavity measurement technique was developed for the rapid determination of the proportions of coal and rock dust in powdered mixtures. The ratio of the resonant frequency shift and the change in the transmission factor when mixed coal and limestone samples are inserted into the cavity provides a means for estimating the percentage of coal in the mixture relatively independent of the bulk density of the mixture. The technique might be developed for rapid tests of dust in coal mines to determine whether the 65% noncombustible content requirement is being met for prevention of explosions in coal mines. C1 USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-4797-8 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1998 BP 589 EP 591 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL12D UT WOS:000074362400117 ER PT J AU Brooks, JE Savarie, PJ Johnston, JJ AF Brooks, JE Savarie, PJ Johnston, JJ TI The oral and dermal toxicity of selected chemicals to brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMIS; WATER AB We evaluated the oral and dermal toxicity of 18 chemicals to brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis). Chemicals that produced mortality when dosed orally were rotenone, propoxur, natural pyrethrins, allethrin, resmethrin, diphacinone, warfarin, and aspirin. The lowest oral doses that gave 100% mortality were: rotenone, 2.5 mg kg(-1); pyrethrins, 40 mg kg(-1); propoxur, 40 mg kg(-1); diphacinone, 80 mg kg(-1); and aspirin, 1280 mg kg(-1). Allethrin, resmethrin, and warfarin produced 80% mortality at 40 mg kg(-1), the highest dose tested. Materials given orally that produced little mortality were permethrin, fenvalerate, and carbaryl; those giving no mortality were phenothrin, tetramethrin, piperonyl butoxide, propylene glycol, and cholecalciferol. Chemicals that produced mortality when applied dermally at doses of 40 mg kg(-1) were rotenone, nicotine, propoxur, natural pyrethrins, allethrin, and resmethrin; those that gave no mortality were permethrin, fenvalerate, phenothrin, tetramethrin, piperonyl butoxide, and diphacinone. Rotenone, at 10 mg kg(-1), and nicotine, at 40 mg kg(-1), were the most toxic dermally, killing all tested snakes. Piperonyl butoxide enhanced the oral toxicity of allethrin and resmethrin and the dermal activity of resmethrin; it did not enhance the activity of natural pyrethrins either orally or dermally. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Brooks, JE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1716 Hlth Pkwy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 1998 VL 25 IS 4 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1071/WR97035 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 134PK UT WOS:000076751600008 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Allen, L Zerbe, GO AF Engeman, RM Allen, L Zerbe, GO TI Variance estimate for the Allen activity index SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS AB The Alien activity index, originally developed for monitoring dingo populations, is statistically described as a mixed linear model, from which a variance formula for the index is derived. The resulting formula requires input of variance component estimates, the estimation of which is accomplished using restricted maximum-likelihood estimation. An example is used to demonstrate the calculation of the variance components and their use in the variance formula. Application of the variance formula substantially enhances the quantitative practicality of this useful index of wildlife populations. C1 USDA, APHIS, ADC Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Alan Fletcher Res Stn, Dept Nat Resources, Sherwood, Qld 4075, Australia. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, ADC Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1716 Heath Pkwy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 1998 VL 25 IS 6 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1071/WR97073 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 173CM UT WOS:000078963700008 ER PT B AU Moody, RC Ritter, MA AF Moody, RC Ritter, MA BE Fridley, KJ TI Wood in infrastructure: Analysis of research needs and goals SO WOOD ENGINEERING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: RESEARCH NEEDS AND GOALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wood Engineering in the 21st-Century - Research Needs and Goals, in Conjunction with the SEI/ASCE Structures Congress XV CY APR 16, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Engn Inst ID LUMBER AB Two related government initiatives, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act and the Wood in Transportation Program, have resulted in significant activity in research and technology transfer for using wood for transportation structures. This paper reviews accomplishments and activities and suggests research needs for wood transportation structures. It also describes research needs for related structures such as waterfront and utility applications. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Moody, RC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0295-7 PY 1998 BP 96 EP 108 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BM48U UT WOS:000078890700012 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Santos, MS Wu, D Hayek, MG AF Meydani, SN Santos, MS Wu, D Hayek, MG TI Antioxidant modulation of cytokines and their biologic function in the aged SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERNAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the European-Academy-of-Nutritional-Sciences (EANS) CY SEP 15-16, 1995 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP European Acad Nutr Sci DE aging; cytokines; vitamin E; beta-carotin; immune function ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MEDIATED CYTO-TOXICITY; ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; VITAMIN-E; BETA-CAROTENE; INTRACELLULAR GLUTATHIONE; LYMPHOCYTE-ACTIVATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LIFE-SPAN AB The oxidant/antioxidant balance is an important determinant of immune cell function, including maintaining integrity and functionality of membrane lipids, cellular proteins, nucleic acids, and for control of signal transduction and gene expression in immune cells. Optimal levels of antioxidants are needed for maintenance of the immune response across all age groups. This need might be more critical, however, in the aged. Age-associated dysregulation of immune response, particularly of cytokine production and T-cell-mediated function, is well documented. The well-known age-related increase in free radical formation and lipid peroxidation contributes, at least in part, to this phenomenon. This review will summarize animal and human studies undertaken by the authors as well as those by other investigators on the effect of antioxidants, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and glutathione on cytokine production and T-cell-mediated function in the aged. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [2-R01-AG09140-04A2.] NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0044-264X J9 Z ERNAHRUNGSWISS JI Z. Ernahrung. PY 1998 VL 37 SU 1 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZG116 UT WOS:000072967100007 PM 9558727 ER PT J AU Jarvenpaa, EP Zhang, ZY Huopalahti, R King, JW AF Jarvenpaa, EP Zhang, ZY Huopalahti, R King, JW TI Determination of fresh onion (Allium cepa L.) volatiles by solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR LEBENSMITTEL-UNTERSUCHUNG UND-FORSCHUNG A-FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE onions; solid-phase microextraction; volatiles ID CHINESE CHIVE; EXTRACTION; COMPONENTS; CHEMISTRY; SCALLION; SHALLOT; LEEK AB Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was used for the extraction of the volatiles of yellow onions (Allium cepa L.), where the primary volatiles are produced enzymatically after rupture of the plant cells. The SPME-GC analysis of successive samples at timed intervals provided information comparable with that obtained previously by headspace techniques; however, SPME was more convenient and faster to perform. Moreover, the SPME-GC-MS system employed permit ted easy monitoring of the fast changes in the volatile composition. Because ambient temperatures were used in the analysis, the method described should produce only minor artefacts during the absorption and desorption steps of SPME, The most important compound found in the headspace of sliced onions by SPME-GC-MS after 1 min emission of volatiles was thiopropanal S-oxide. Also, some dipropenyl disulphides and propenyl propyl disulphides were identified. After 30 min, most of the thiopropanal-S-oxide disappeared, and other sulphur and non-sulphur compounds appeared in the GC chromatograms. The major constituents were diprop(en)yl disulphides. Similar constituents were also found in the water-slurred onions by headspace and di rect SPME. C1 Turku Univ, Dept Biochem & Food Chem, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jarvenpaa, EP (reprint author), Turku Univ, Dept Biochem & Food Chem, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. RI Jarvenpaa, Eila/D-9679-2013 OI Jarvenpaa, Eila/0000-0002-4008-841X NR 17 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-4630 J9 Z LEBENSM UNTERS F A JI Z Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A-Food Res. Technol. PY 1998 VL 207 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s002170050292 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 101VW UT WOS:000074889700007 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM AF Striegel, AM TI Theory and applications of DMAC/LICL in the analysis of polysaccharides SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CELL-WALL POLYMERS; N-CHLOROSUCCINIMIDE-TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE; DIMETHYLACETAMIDE-LITHIUM-CHLORIDE; COTTON FIBER STRENGTH; HOMOGENEOUS CONDITIONS; CELLULOSE; CHLORIDE-N,N-DIMETHYLACETAMIDE; CHITIN AB DMAc/LiCl has become a favored solvent in the analysis of polysaccharides. Although much is understood about its interaction with carbohydrate molecules. a great deal remains to be known in order for a comprehensive mechanism of dissolution to be discerned. These limitations, however, have not precluded the extended use of DMAc/LiCl in the study of chitin, cellulose, etc. This article reviews the theory of DMAc/LiCl as a solvent and new developments in this area, as well as the variety of applications which have been found for it. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 45 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD DEC 31 PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(97)00101-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA ZJ037 UT WOS:000073173200009 ER PT J AU Fetterer, RH Rhoads, ML AF Fetterer, RH Rhoads, ML TI The in vitro uptake of albumin by adult Haemonchus contortus is altered by extracorporeal digestion SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nematode; cysteine protease; excretory-secretory; digestion; albumin ID EXCRETORY-SECRETORY PRODUCTS; TRANSPORT AB FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-labeled albumin was used as a substrate to further characterize the digestion of host blood proteins by adult Haemonchus contortus. Isolated H. contortus intestine degraded FTTC-albumin; degradation was completely inhibited by E-64, a specific inhibitor of cysteine proteases. The in vitro uptake and degradation of FITC-albumin by parasites was also evaluated. Uptake of fluorescence was demonstrated; greater than 50% of the fluorescence was associated with degraded FITC-albumin. However, both the uptake and degradation of FTTC-albumin were reduced by about 85%. Additionally, when parasites were incubated in the presence of specific inhibitors of cysteine proteases, degradation of FITC-albumin was shown to occur rapidly in the media during in vitro incubation. This degradation was blocked completely by the presence of cysteine protease inhibitors. These results indicate that the rapid extracorporeal digestion of FITC-albumin (mediated by secreted cysteine proteases) produce relatively high concentrations of low molecular weight FITC-labeled fragments and alters the kinetics of uptake of fluorescence by the parasite. These fragments rather than FITC-albumin are rapidly taken up by the parasites. Thus in vitro demonstration of a definitive role for the cysteine proteases as intestinal digestive enzymes in H. contortus is compromised by the enzyme's extracorporeal activity. This extracorporeal cysteine protease activity may represent the enzyme's predominant activity. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fetterer, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 31 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00117-9 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA YR547 UT WOS:000071506200006 PM 9477511 ER PT J AU Gong, X Shang, F Obin, M Palmer, H Scrofano, MM Jahngen-Hodge, J Smith, DE Taylor, A AF Gong, X Shang, F Obin, M Palmer, H Scrofano, MM Jahngen-Hodge, J Smith, DE Taylor, A TI Antioxidant enzyme activities in lens, liver and kidney of calorie restricted Emory mice SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorie restriction; aging; antioxidant enzymes; lens; liver; kidney; sex-linked ID DIETARY RESTRICTION; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CATARACT FORMATION; FOOD RESTRICTION; DELAYS CATARACT; RAT-LIVER; MOUSE; AGE AB Dietary calorie restriction extends both mean and maximum life span and retards age-related diseases, including eye lens cataract in Emery mice. The beneficial effects of calorie restriction have been hypothesized to reflect enhanced tissue antioxidant capacity. As a test of this hypothesis, we reared male and female Emery mice on control (C) or 40% calorie-restricted (R) diets. We then determined activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) in eye lens, liver and kidney of young (4.5 or 6 months), mature (11 or 12 months) and old (22 months) animals. Effects of diet, age and sex were evaluated by multi-factor ANOVA. Only kidney GR activities (mean +/- S.E.M.) were significantly enhanced with the R diet (R, 61 +/ 2 vs. C, 54 +/- 3 U/mg protein; P = 0.03). More frequently, we noted reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in R as compared with C animals, including reduced activities of T-SOD in lens, liver and kidney, Cu/Zn-SOD, in liver and kidney, liver Mn-SOD and liver CAT (P < 0.05). Effects of age on antioxidant enzyme activity in C mice included age-dependent decreases in lens and kidney CAT and in liver Mn-SOD. There was also an age-dependent increases in liver and kidney Cu/Zn-SOD and liver GR. None of these age-dependent alterations in antioxidant enzyme function were attenuated in tissues of mice fed the R diet. Values for liver CAT were significantly lower in females than in males (P = 0.05). These results indicate that antioxidant enzyme activities in Emery mouse tissues are influenced by diet, age and sex. However, it is unlikely that increased lifespan and attenuation of cataract (and perhaps other age-dependent debilities), which are associated with the R diet in the Emery mouse, are due to enhanced antioxidant enzyme capabilities. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08566] NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing. Dev. PD DEC 30 PY 1997 VL 99 IS 3 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0047-6374(97)00102-4 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA YU212 UT WOS:000071693500002 PM 9483491 ER PT J AU Biely, P Cote, GL Kremnicky, L Greene, RV Tenkanen, M AF Biely, P Cote, GL Kremnicky, L Greene, RV Tenkanen, M TI Action of acetylxylan esterase from Trichoderma reesei on acetylated methyl glycosides SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Acetylxylan esterase; substrate specificity; acetylated methyl glycoside; mode of action; Trichoderma reesei ID CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; STREPTOMYCES-LIVIDANS; XYLAN ESTERASE; LIPASE; DEACETYLATION; PURIFICATION; DEACYLATION; SYSTEMS; SUGARS AB Substrate specificity of purified acetylxylan esterase (AcXE) from Trichoderma reesei was investigated on partially and fully acetylated methyl glycopyranosides. Methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside was deacetylated at positions 2 and 3, yielding methyl 4-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside in almost 90% yield. Methyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl beta-D-xylopyranoside was deacetylated at a rate similar to the fully acetylated derivative. The other two diacetates (2,4- and 3,4-), which have a free hydroxyl group at either position 3 or 2, were deacetylated one order of magnitude more rapidly. Thus the second acetyl group is rapidly released from position 3 or 2 after the first acetyl group is removed from position 2 or 3. The results strongly imply that in degradation of partially acetylated beta-1,4-linked xylans, the enzyme deacetylates monoacetylated xylopyranosyl residues more readily than di-O-acetylated residues, The T. reesei AcXE attacked acetylated methyl beta-D-glucopyranosides and beta-D-mannopyranosides in a manner similar to the xylopyranosides. (C) 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84238, Slovakia. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. VTT, Biotechnol & Food Res, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. RP Biely, P (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84238, Slovakia. EM chempbsa@savba.sk RI Tenkanen, Maija/F-9080-2016 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 EI 1873-3468 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 1997 VL 420 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01500-7 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA YT252 UT WOS:000071581100002 PM 9459293 ER PT J AU Winter, H Huber, JL Huber, SC AF Winter, H Huber, JL Huber, SC TI Membrane association of sucrose synthase: changes during the graviresponse and possible control by protein phosphorylation SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE protein phosphorylation; sucrose synthase; surface hydrophobicity; membrane association; gravity response; Zea mays L. pulvinus ID MAIZE; CELLULOSE; PLANTS AB Sucrose synthase (SuSy) plays an important role in sucrose degradation and occurs both as a soluble and as a membrane-associated enzyme in higher plants, We show that membrane association can vary in vivo in response to gravistimulation, apparently involving SuSy dephosphorylation, and is a reversible process in vitro. Phosphorylation of SuSy has little effect on its activity but decreases its surface hydrophobicity as reported with the fluorescent probe bis-ANS. We postulate that phosphorylation of SuSy (and perhaps other membrane proteins) is involved in the release of the membrane-bound enzyme in part as a result of decreased surface hydrophobicity. (C) 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM steve_huber@ncsu.edu NR 14 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 1997 VL 420 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01506-8 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA YT252 UT WOS:000071581100009 PM 9459300 ER PT J AU Sellers, PJ Hall, FG Kelly, RD Black, A Baldocchi, D Berry, J Ryan, M Ranson, KJ Crill, PM Lettenmaier, DP Margolis, H Cihlar, J Newcomer, J Fitzjarrald, D Jarvis, PG Gower, ST Halliwell, D Williams, D Goodison, B Wickland, DE Guertin, FE AF Sellers, PJ Hall, FG Kelly, RD Black, A Baldocchi, D Berry, J Ryan, M Ranson, KJ Crill, PM Lettenmaier, DP Margolis, H Cihlar, J Newcomer, J Fitzjarrald, D Jarvis, PG Gower, ST Halliwell, D Williams, D Goodison, B Wickland, DE Guertin, FE TI BOREAS in 1997: Experiment overview, scientific results, and future directions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; FIELD EXPERIMENT FIFE; LAND-SURFACE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AMAZONIAN FOREST; WATER-VAPOR; EXCHANGE; ENERGY; CANOPY AB The goal of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) is to improve our understanding of the interactions between the boreal forest biome and the atmosphere in order to clarify their roles in global change. This overview paper describes the science background and motivations for BOREAS and the experimental design and operations of the BOREAS 1994 and BOREAS 1996 field years. The findings of the 83 papers in this journal special issue are reviewed, In section 7, important scientific results of the project to date are summarized and future research directions are identified. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Carnegie Inst, Stanford, CA USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Atmospher Sci Resource Ctr, Albany, NY 12205 USA. Atmospher Environm Serv, Downsview, ON, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Forestry Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM fghall@tpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 NR 61 TC 358 Z9 369 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 28731 EP 28769 DI 10.1029/97JD03300 PG 39 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900001 ER PT J AU Dang, QL Margolis, HA Sy, M Coyea, MR Collatz, GJ Walthall, CL AF Dang, QL Margolis, HA Sy, M Coyea, MR Collatz, GJ Walthall, CL TI Profiles of photosynthetically active radiation, nitrogen and photosynthetic capacity in the boreal forest: Implications for scaling from leaf to canopy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; AREA INDEX; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; LEAVES; LIGHT; TRANSPIRATION; PLANTS; STAND; FOLIAGE AB Profiles of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), leaf nitrogen per unit leaf area (N-area), and photosynthetic capacity (A(max)) were measured in an aspen, two jack pine, and two black spruce stands in the BOREAS northern study area. N-area decreased with decreasing %PAR in each stand, in all conifer stands combined (r = 0.52) and in all stands combined (r = 0.46). Understory alder had higher N-area for similar %PAR than did aspen early in the growing season. A(max) decreased with decreasing N-area except for the negative correlation between N-area and A(max) during shoot flush for jack pine. For the middle and late growing season data, N-area and A(max) had r values of 0.51 for all stands combined and 0.60 for all conifer stands combined. For similar N-area the aspen stand had higher A(max) than did the conifer stands. Photosynthetic capacity expressed as a percentage of A(max) at the top of the canopy (%A(max0)) decreased with %PAR similarly in all stands, but %A(max0) decreased at a much slower rate than did %PAR. To demonstrate the implications of the vertical distribution of A(max), three different assumptions were used to scale leaf A(max) to the canopy (A(can-max)): (1) constant A(max) with canopy depth, (2) A(max) scaled proportionally to %PAR, and (3) a linear relationship between A(max) and cumulative leaf area index derived from our data. The first and third methods resulted in similar A(can-max); the second was much lower. All methods resulted in linear correlations between normalized difference vegetation indices measured from a helicopter and A(can-max) (r = 0.97, 0.93, and 0.97, respectively), but the slope was strongly influenced by the scaling method. C1 Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. USDA ARS, Remote Sensing Res Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. EM qdang@skylakeheadU.ca RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012 NR 60 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 28845 EP 28859 DI 10.1029/97JD00194 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900009 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG Lavigne, MB Gower, ST AF Ryan, MG Lavigne, MB Gower, ST TI Annual carbon cost of autotrophic respiration in boreal forest ecosystems in relation to species and climate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FINE-ROOT RESPIRATION; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; NITROGEN-CONTENT; PINE PLANTATION; SUB-ALPINE; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; NORTHERN; FLORIDA AB Autotrophic respiration (R-a) in forest ecosystems can be >50% of the carbon fixed in photosynthesis and may regulate productivity and carbon storage in forest ecosystems, because R-a increases with temperature. We estimated annual R-a from chamber measurements in aspen, black spruce, and jack pine forests in Canada for 1994. Mean foliage respiration at 10 degrees C for expanded leaves was 0.21-0.95 mu mol m(-2) (leaf surface) s(-1) for all species and differed little from May to September. Wood respiration at 15 degrees C (0.2-1 mu mol m(-2) (stem surface) s(-1) for all species) was strongly seasonal, with high rates in midsummer that coincided with wood growth. Fine root respiration at 10 degrees C was 2.5-7.7 mu mol kg(-1) s(-1) for all species and declined throughout the growing season for the conifers. Annual costs of R-a for foliage, wood, and roots (overstory and understory) were 490, 610, and 450 g C m(-2) (ground) yr(-1) for aspen, black spruce, and jack pine (old) in northern Manitoba and 600, 480, and 310 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for aspen, black spruce, and jack pine (old) in central Saskatchewan. Carbon use efficiency (CUE), the ratio of net production to production plus R-a, averaged 0.34, 0.34, and 0.39 for aspen, black spruce, and jack pine (old) for all tissues and 0.61, 0.36, and 0.44 for aboveground tissues. Differences in CUE between the northern and the southern sites were small for all species, and CUE did not vary with stand biomass. Species differences in CUE suggest that models assuming a constant CUE across species may poorly estimate production and carbon balance for any given site. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RP US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect St, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mryan@lamar.colostate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 49 TC 230 Z9 255 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 28871 EP 28883 DI 10.1029/97JD01236 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900011 ER PT J AU Lavigne, MB Ryan, MG Anderson, DE Baldocchi, DD Crill, PM Fitzjarrald, DR Goulden, ML Gower, ST Massheder, JM McCaughey, JH Rayment, M Striegl, RG AF Lavigne, MB Ryan, MG Anderson, DE Baldocchi, DD Crill, PM Fitzjarrald, DR Goulden, ML Gower, ST Massheder, JM McCaughey, JH Rayment, M Striegl, RG TI Comparing nocturnal eddy covariance measurements to estimates of ecosystem respiration made by scaling chamber measurements at six coniferous boreal sites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATE FOREST; EXCHANGE; MODEL; CO2; ATMOSPHERE; CANOPY; ENERGY AB During the growing season, nighttime ecosystem respiration emits 30-100% of the daytime net photosynthetic uptake of carbon, and therefore measurements of rates and understanding of its control by the environment are important for understanding net ecosystem exchange. Ecosystem respiration can be measured at night by eddy covariance methods, but the data may not be reliable because of low turbulence or other methodological problems. We used relationships between woody tissue, foliage, and soil respiration rates and temperature, with temperature records collected on site to estimate ecosystem respiration rates at six coniferous BOREAS sites at half-hour or 1-hour intervals, and then compared these estimates to nocturnal measurements of CO2 exchange by eddy covariance. Soil surface respiration was the largest source of CO2 at all sites (48-71%), and foliar respiration made a large contribution to ecosystem respiration at all sites (25-43%). Woody tissue respiration contributed only 5-15% to ecosystem respiration. We estimated error for the scaled chamber predictions of ecosystem respiration by using the uncertainty associated with each respiration parameter and respiring biomass value. There was substantial uncertainty in estimates of foliar and soil respiration because of the spatial variability of specific respiration rates. In addition, more attention needs to be paid to estimating foliar respiration during the early part of the growing season, when new foliage is growing, and to determining seasonal trends of soil surface respiration. Nocturnal eddy covariance measurements were poorly correlated to scaled chamber estimates of ecosystem respiration (r(2) = 0.06-0.27) and were consistently lower than scaled chamber predictions (by 27% on average for the six sites). The bias in eddy covariance estimates of ecosystem respiration will alter estimates of gross assimilation in the light and of net ecosystem exchange rates over extended periods. C1 Canadian Forest Serv Atlantic, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Harvard Univ, Engn Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Canadian Forest Serv Atlantic, POB 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Rayment, Mark/L-9848-2016; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 NR 28 TC 208 Z9 228 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 28977 EP 28985 DI 10.1029/97JD01173 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900020 ER PT J AU McCaughey, JH Lafleur, PM Joiner, DW Bartlett, PA Costello, AM Jelinski, DE Ryan, MG AF McCaughey, JH Lafleur, PM Joiner, DW Bartlett, PA Costello, AM Jelinski, DE Ryan, MG TI Magnitudes and seasonal patterns of energy, water, and carbon exchanges at a boreal young jack pine forest in the BOREAS northern study area SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BALANCE STORAGE TERMS; PATH CO2 ANALYZERS; MIXED FOREST; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERE; HEAT AB Seasonal patterns of the energy balance of a young jack pine site near Thompson, Manitoba, in the summer of 1994 are reported, The experiment was part of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), and it ran from May 24 to September 19, The average tree density was 4.4 trees m(-2), but there was substantial spatial variation associated with three primary vegetation patterns: dense cover of short trees, sparse cover of tall trees, and a mixture of short and tall trees. The frequency distribution of tree heights was bimodal with peaks at 1 and 2 m and a range from 0.3 to 5.7 m. The average tree height was 2.3 m. The daily average photosynthetically active radiation albedo was conservative, varying from 0.054 under clear-sky conditions to 0.051 under cloudy skies, The shortwave albedo was 0.136 under clear-sky conditions and decreased by 1% following rain; the presence of smoke over the site increased it by 1%. Heat storage in the soil, trees, and air was an important component of the energy balance throughout the season with soil heat flux comprising the bulk of the total storage, On the average, for the whole experimental period, the sensible heat flux was approximately twice the latent heat flux (Bowen ratio approximate to 2). The average daily energy balance closure varied from 85% before day-of-year (DOY) 200 to 95% after DOY 200. As a result of problems with the measurement of the net CO2 flux above the canopy under stable nighttime conditions, all nighttime values were modeled, The typical diurnal pattern of net CO, flux shows maximum uptake by the surface in the morning and a gradual decrease through the afternoon. For the whole field season of 118 days, the site fixed 224 g m(-2) of carbon. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Expt Stns, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 22 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 28997 EP 29007 DI 10.1029/97JD00239 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900022 ER PT J AU Loechel, SE Walthall, CL de Colstoun, EB Chen, J Markham, BL AF Loechel, SE Walthall, CL de Colstoun, EB Chen, J Markham, BL TI Variability of boreal forest reflectances as measured from a helicopter platform SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; CANOPY; VEGETATION AB Helicopter and surface-based radiometric measurements of forested sites acquired during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) were analyzed to assess reflectance variability and to address the relationships of reflectances and vegetation indices (VIs) with overstory leaf area index (LAI). Statistical measures of central tendency and linear regression analysis, including a multivariate regression which introduced the effects of understory reflectance, were used. The sensors were deployed during all three intensive field campaigns (IFCs) of 1994 and consisted of (1) a helicopter-based eight-channel Barnes modular multiband radiometer (MMR) and a ground-based Spectron Engineering SE-590 field spectroradiometer to measure spectral reflectance factors, (2) a ground-based Sun photometer used for atmospheric correction, and (3) a LI-COR LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer and the tracing radiation and architecture of canopies (TRAC) sensor for retrieval of canopy LAI, Of the eight MMR bands, those most strongly correlated to variations in surface LAI were the second and third middle infrared (IR) (1.57-1.80 mu m and 2.08-2.37 mu m, respectively) with r(2) = 0.45 in both cases, and the red (0.63-0.68 mu m) with r(2) = 0.34. In general, linear regression analyses between the canopy LAI measurements and both the helicopter reflectances and VIs resulted in low r(2) values commonly less than 0.3, When stratified by season and species, only among sites that were vegetated by aspen (Populus tremuloides) was a stronger relationship observed. In the aspen stands, LAI displayed a traditional trend that maximizes the utility of the VIs: a negative relationship with red reflectance (r(2) = 0.62) and a positive relationship with the near IR (NIR) of r(2) = 0.21, The absence of a positive LAI-NIR reflectance trend degraded the information content of the VIs for the conifers. A multivariate regression confirmed the influence of the understory vegetation on the sparse canopies of the boreal forest and suggested that a more complex model-based approach is necessary to better characterize variations in canopy reflectance. Atmospheric contamination of the radiometric signal by smoke from forest fires may also have contributed to the initial unsatisfactory results. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, Lab Global Remote Sensing Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, W Bldg 007,Room 008,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 29495 EP 29503 DI 10.1029/97JD02232 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900065 ER PT J AU Seyfried, MS Murdock, MD AF Seyfried, MS Murdock, MD TI Use of air permeability to estimate infiltrability of frozen soil SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE frozen ground; infiltration; hydraulic conductivity; runoff; porosity; Darcy's Law ID POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SAGEBRUSH RANGELANDS; RUNOFF; INFILTRATION; SNOWMELT; WATER; FLOW; TILLAGE; FROST AB Infiltration rates in frozen soil may be extremely low due to pore blockage by ice, leading to accelerated runoff and erosion. It is difficult to test models of ice blockage effects during infiltration of water because both infiltrating water and resident ice undergo phase changes. We used air permeability, which can be measured without phase changes, to test the applicability of currently used soil hydraulic models to the simulation of ice blockage effects. We confirmed that Darcy's equation described air flow for both dry and moist soil conditions. It was then shown that a combination of the van Genuchten soil-water retention equation (M.Th. van Genuchten, Soil Sci. Sec. Am. J., 44 (1980) 892) and Mualem's (Y. Mualem, Water Resour. Res., 12 (1976) 513) hydraulic conductivity model, modified to account for the presence of trapped air, described the air permeability of unfrozen soils over a range of soil-water contents. However, when this model was extended to frozen soils, the measured reduction in air permeability in frozen soil was much greater than the model predicted. It appears that hydraulic models can be used to describe the conductivity of the air-filled porosity but that processes other than expansion of water when frozen, possibly internal redistribution of water, affect the conductivity of the air-filled porosity. Until freezing processes are better understood, calculations of infiltration based on soil water content alone are subject to large errors. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, NW Reg Watershed Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Seyfried, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Reg Watershed Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 25 PY 1997 VL 202 IS 1-4 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00061-9 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA YT785 UT WOS:000071644800006 ER PT J AU Wu, L Allmaras, RR Gimenez, D Huggins, DM AF Wu, L Allmaras, RR Gimenez, D Huggins, DM TI Shrinkage and water retention characteristic in a fine-textured mollisol compacted under different axle loads SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE structural shrinkage; bulk density; subsoil compaction; tile drainage ID SUBSOIL COMPACTION; SOIL; PERSISTENCE; SURFACE; EXTENT AB In areas where heavy vehicles are used, the subsoils often become very compacted. Freezing-thawing and wetting-drying have not been effective at reducing compaction. In this study, the type of soil shrinkage related to compaction was investigated to explain these amelioration failures. In conjunction with a shrinkage curve, the water retention characteristic was also measured because both can be related to compaction. Shrinkage and bulk density of undisturbed clods (about 200 cm(3)), as well as water retention of undisturbed cores, were measured to evaluate long-term compaction effects in two sets (better and poor tile drainage) of two axle-load treatments (9- and 18-Mg axle loads) relative to their control. Wet clods were sampled from the Ap (0 to 25 cm) and subsoil (30 to 45 cm) horizons of a Normania clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Udic Haplustoll) in the spring of 1991 without fragmentation after the soil had a full winter to swell following moldboard plowing in the fall. Clods were further saturated, coated with a film, then allowed to air-dry. Mass and volume were determined periodically for eight months to measure shrinkage. Maximum volume reduction (m(3) m(-3)) of clods in the Ap layer (0.232) during shrinkage was significantly greater than in the subsoil layer (0.152), but compaction effects were not significant in either layer. Dry bulk density of subsoil clods (1.77 Mg m(-3)) was significantly greater than in the Ap layer (1.68 Mg m(-3)), but no statistical differences were observed among compaction treatments. Maximum shrinkage was always <1 and averaged 0.61 in the subsoil compared to averaged 0.80 in the Ap layer, which indicates nearly all structural and residual shrinkage after immediate air entry during gravity drainage. The water retention characteristic of the original compacted and control treatments were still significantly different in the better drained subsoil but not in the more poorly drained subsoil, which showed that the 9-Mg axle load overall since 1987 has compacted the subsoil nearly as much under wet soil conditions as the 18-Mg axle load initially. These soil structural measurements explain the failure of natural forces to reduce bulk density of the compacted subsoil. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Minnesota, SW Agr Expt Stn, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. RP Wu, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Gimenez, Daniel/A-6193-2013 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC 22 PY 1997 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(97)00052-4 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YW040 UT WOS:000071889600004 ER PT J AU Aase, JK Schaefer, GM Pikul, JL AF Aase, JK Schaefer, GM Pikul, JL TI Hayland conversion to wheat production in semiarid eastern Montana: tillage, yield and hay production comparisons SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tillage; sodbreaking; hayland; grassland; wheat; economics ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; CONTINUOUS CORN; NITROGEN; CROP; FERTILIZATION; CARBON AB When converting grass-and haylands to cultivated crop production, care must be taken to conserve and maintain soil resources while considering economic issues. Methods of breaking sod can have a bearing on erosivity, physical and chemical properties of soils, and cost of production. Our objective was to compare three methods of converting crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.] hayland to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production vs. leaving the land for hay production. We initiated a study in 1990 on Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiboroll) near Froid in semiarid eastern Montana, USA. Plots, replicated three times, were 12- by 30-m oriented east to west on a noah-facing slope. We converted sod to cultivated crop production by: (1) moldboard plow, (2) toolbar with sweeps, (3) herbicides (no-till). Plots were fallowed until spring 1991 and then seeded to spring wheat each of the next four years. All wheat plots were fertilized with 224 kg ha(-1) of 18-46-0 in 1991 and 1992, and 34 kg ha(-1) nitrogen as 34-0-0 in 1993 and 1994. Grass was either fertilized same as wheat or not fertilized. Wheat yields averaged 2540 kg ha(-1) on tilled treatments and 2674 kg ha(-1) on no-till. Fertilized grass consistently out-yielded unfertilized, and averaged 3.2 Mg ha(-1) vs. 1.8 Mg ha(-1). Toolbar with sweeps had highest economic return of US$169.48 ha(-1) to pay for land, labor, and management. Moldboard plow had US$162.05 ha(-1). Because of herbicide costs, no-till only returned US$148.64 ha(-1). Unfertilized grass hay returned US$67.68 ha(-1) and fertilized grass hay, US$97.95 ha(-1). Results may be tempered because our wheat yields were high: a 2016 kg ha(-1) wheat yield would have returned the same as fertilized grass. Before converting grass- and hay-lands to small grains production, consideration must be given to such variables as sod conversion methods, management practices, labor requirements, market conditions, total precipitation and its temporal distribution, soil conditions, growth environment, soil conservation, and economics. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Aase, JK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC 22 PY 1997 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(97)00056-1 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YW040 UT WOS:000071889600007 ER PT J AU Chong, SK Cowsert, PT AF Chong, SK Cowsert, PT TI Infiltration in reclaimed mined land ameliorated with deep tillage treatments SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; surface mining ID SOILS AB Reclamation of mined land with heavy machinery can result in soil compaction. Compaction increases soil bulk density and reduces porosity, water infiltrability, root elongation and crop productivity. Mine operators have used deep tillage equipment to alleviate the compaction problem. The main objectives of this study were to examine (1) the effect on infiltration in reclaimed surface mined land of a deep tillage treatment, and (2) the subsequent changes in infiltration after the amelioration. The experiment was conducted at the Horse Creek Mine near Conant, Ferry County, IL, USA. The soil was classified as Schuline series, which is a fine, loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Udorthents. The treatments included tillage depths of 20 (as a control), 40, 60 and 80 cm. Infiltrometers and runoff plots were installed to evaluate infiltration and rainfall-runoff relationships affected by the treatments. Results indicated that the steady infiltration rates of the 40- and 60-cm tillage treatments were lower than that of the control treatment successively during the experimental period for 3 years. Results also revealed that the 80-cm tillage treatment increased infiltration and reduced surface runoff most. Even though the beneficial effects declined over a 3-year test period, the 80-cm tillage is recommended in the amelioration of soil compaction because tillage depths less than 80 cm did not enhance water infiltration sate much. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NRCS, USDA, Onawa Soil Survey Off, Onawa, IA 51040 USA. RP Chong, SK (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC 22 PY 1997 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(97)00050-0 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YW040 UT WOS:000071889600009 ER PT J AU Schaap, MG Bouten, W Verstraten, JM AF Schaap, MG Bouten, W Verstraten, JM TI Forest floor water content dynamics in a Douglas fir stand SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE forests; hydrology; models; evaporation; forest floor ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; SOIL; MODEL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; NITRIFICATION AB This paper considers the hydrology of the forest floor within a homogeneous Douglas fir forest. Time domain reflectometry measurements show that forest floor water contents have considerable spatial variabilities but similar temporal dynamics. Simple linear relations can be used to translate forest floor water content dynamics from one site in a forest to another. Forest floor evaporation rates were calculated using a previously developed forest floor evaporation model and a year of soil water and micrometeorological data. For a relatively wet site within the stand the calculated evaporation rate was 137 mm year(-1), for a more representative site 112 mm year(-1) and for a dry site 76 mm year(-1). These amounts range between 7 and 13% of the total yearly forest evapotranspiration. Together with throughfall rates and transpiration rates, these forest floor evaporation rates served as boundary conditions to a soil water model with which we simulated forest floor and mineral soil water content dynamics. The simulations showed that throughfall and drainage dynamics determine the forest floor water content dynamics in wet conditions. In dry periods, forest floor evaporation and, to a lesser extent, root water uptake determine forest floor water content dynamics. The same simulations showed that 25% of the forest floor evaporation is replenished by capillary rise from the mineral soil. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Landscape & Environm Res Grp, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Schaap, MG (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, 450 Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 20 PY 1997 VL 201 IS 1-4 BP 367 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00047-4 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA YP617 UT WOS:000071296200019 ER PT J AU Morlese, JF Jahoor, F Forrester, TE AF Morlese, JF Jahoor, F Forrester, TE TI Plasma apolipoprotein A1 and birthweight SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ADULT LIFE; GROWTH; CHOLESTEROL; DISEASE; DEATH C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Paediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,Agr Res Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Morlese, JF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Paediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,Agr Res Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 20 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9094 BP 1823 EP 1824 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)63641-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM803 UT WOS:000071102500020 PM 9428262 ER PT J AU Nowak-Thompson, B Gould, SJ Loper, JE AF Nowak-Thompson, B Gould, SJ Loper, JE TI Identification and sequence analysis of the genes encoding a polyketide synthase required for pyoluteorin biosynthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 SO GENE LA English DT Article DE type I PKS; sequence analysis; chlorinated pyrrole; antifungal metabolite ID FATTY-ACID; SACCHAROPOLYSPORA-ERYTHRAEA; PHYTOTOXIN CORONATINE; ENZYMATIC DOMAINS; CLUSTER; ORGANIZATION; ANTIBIOTICS; EXPRESSION; RAPAMYCIN; COMPONENT AB Pyoluteorin is a chlorinated antifungal metabolite of mixed polyketide/amino-acid origin produced by certain strains of Pseudomonas spp., including the soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Sequence analysis of a gene cluster required for pyoluteorin biosynthesis by Pf-5 (Kraus, J., Loper, J., 1995. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 849-854) has identified two genes whose deduced peptide sequences exhibit characteristics of both fungal and bacterial Type I polyketide synthases (PKSs). The pyoluteorin PKS does not contain a loading domain that is typically present in bacterial Type I PKSs. Furthermore, this PKS possesses an acyltransferase domain that does not contain the conserved residues surrounding the active-site motif typically found in domains of similar function. Based on the organization of the functional domains within the pyoluteorin PKS, we propose a biosynthetic pathway analogous to non-aromatic polyketide biosynthesis within the Actinomycete bacteria that is responsible for the formation of the resorcinol moiety of pyoluteorin. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP ARS, USDA, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM loperj@bcc.orst.edu NR 35 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 19 PY 1997 VL 204 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00501-5 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YP299 UT WOS:000071263000003 PM 9434161 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Gohh, RY Beaulieu, AJ Nadeau, MR Hume, AL Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Bostom, AG Gohh, RY Beaulieu, AJ Nadeau, MR Hume, AL Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH TI Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant recipients - A randomized, placebo-controlled trial SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOLIC-ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM; COORDINATE REGULATION; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; VITAMIN-B-6; DISEASE; PLASMA; RATS AB Background: Stable renal transplant recipients have an excess prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a risk factor for arteriosclerosis. Objective: To determine the effect of treatment with 1) vitamin B-6 or 2) folic acid plus vitamin B-12 on fasting and post-methionine-loading plasma total homocysteine levels in renal transplant recipients. Design: Block-randomized, placebo-controlled, 2x2 factorial study. Setting: University-affiliated transplantation program. Patients: 29 clinically stable renal transplant recipients. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to one of four regimens: placebo (n = 8); vitamin B-6, 50 mg/d (n = 7); folic acid, 5 mg/d, and vitamin B-12, 0.4 mg/d (n = 7); or vitamin B-6, 50 mg/d, folic acid, 5 mg/d, and vitamin B-12, 0.4 mg/d (n = 7). Measurements: Pasting and 2-hour post-methionine-loading plasma total homocysteine levels. Results: Vitamin B-6 treatment resulted in a 22.1% reduction in geometric-mean post-methionine-loading increases in plasma total homocysteine levels (P = 0.042), and folic acid plus vitamin B-12 treatment caused a 26.2% reduction in geometric-mean fasting plasma total homocysteine levels (P = 0.027). These results occurred after adjustment for age; sex; and pretreatment levels of total homocysteine, B vitamins, and creatinine. Conclusions: Vitamin B-6 should be added to the combination of folic acid and vitamin B-12 for effective reduction of both post-methionine-loading and fasting plasma total homocysteine levels in renal transplant recipients. C1 Mem Hosp, Dept Gen Internal Med, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Viatmin Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI 02903 USA. RP Bostom, AG (reprint author), Mem Hosp, Dept Gen Internal Med, 111 Brewster St, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. NR 16 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 127 IS 12 BP 1089 EP 1092 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YL262 UT WOS:000070936600005 PM 9412311 ER PT J AU Shivik, JA Clark, L AF Shivik, JA Clark, L TI Carrion seeking in brown tree snakes: Importance of olfactory and visual cues SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RATTLESNAKES CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; GARTER SNAKES; BEHAVIOR; PREY; TRAILS; GUAM AB We performed field experiments to examine brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) attraction to carrion. These snakes were attracted to carrion and entered traps baited with dead mice as readily as traps baited with live mice. Using the cues arising from both live and dead prey, we examined the relative importance of visual and chemical cues to brown tree snakes. With carrion lures, chemical cues alone were sufficient for attracting and capturing snakes, but with live prey lures visual cues were required to attract and capture brown tree snakes. Our study presents the first experimental field evidence showing carrion to be attractive to an ophidian predator and suggests that the relative importance of chemical and visual sensory stimuli to brown tree snakes is context-specific. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA,APHIS,ADC,NWRC,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. RP Shivik, JA (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 42 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 279 IS 6 BP 549 EP 553 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA YJ878 UT WOS:A1997YJ87800002 ER PT J AU Tillotson, K Savage, CJ Salman, MD GentryWeeks, CR Rice, D FedorkaCray, PJ Hendrickson, DA Jones, RL Nelson, AW TraubDargatz, JL AF Tillotson, K Savage, CJ Salman, MD GentryWeeks, CR Rice, D FedorkaCray, PJ Hendrickson, DA Jones, RL Nelson, AW TraubDargatz, JL TI Outbreak of Salmonella infantis infection in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE equine species; Salmonella infantis ID RISK-FACTORS; HORSES AB During the past 11 years, there have been numerous reports of outbreaks of salmonellosis involving horses in veterinary teaching hospitals. Some of these outbreaks have been associated with Salmonella serotypes not commonly associated with infection of horses. Salmonella infantis is among the more common Salmonella serotypes isolated from human beings, and is an important pathogen in the broiler chicken industry. However, it was not commonly isolated from horses or cattle on a national basis between 1993 and 1995. In this report, we describe an outbreak of S infantis infection among large animals, primarily horses, in a veterinary teaching hospital and the control measures that were implemented. Factors that appeared to be key in control of this outbreak in this hospital included providing biosecurity training sessions for hospital personnel, adopting a standard operating procedure manual for biosecurity procedures, installing additional. handwashing sinks throughout the facility painting the interior of the facility with a nontoxic readily cleanable paint, replacing the dirt flooring in 4 stalls with concrete flooring, and removing noncleanable surfaces such as rubber stall mats, wooden hay storage bins, and open grain bins. Our experience with this outbreak suggests that although it is virtually impossible to eliminate Salmonella organisms from the environment, minimizing contamination is possible. Prevention of nosocomial infection must be approached in a multifaceted manner and care must be taken to search out covert sources of contamination, especially if standard intervention procedures do not prevent spread of the disease. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,VET DIAGNOST LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP Tillotson, K (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT CLIN SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 30 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 211 IS 12 BP 1554 EP & PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YL190 UT WOS:A1997YL19000023 PM 9412683 ER PT J AU Zeng, SS Escobar, EN Popham, T AF Zeng, SS Escobar, EN Popham, T TI Daily variations in somatic cell count, composition, and production of Alpine goat milk SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE somatic cell count; goat milk; daily variation ID STANDARD PLATE-COUNT; PERCENT FAT; PROTEIN AB Twelve milking Alpine does were randomly selected from the Langston University herd to determine the daily Variations of milk somatic cell counts (SCC), composition and production. Composite milk samples were collected daily at evening milking from mid-March (2-3 weeks in lactation) to mid-August (drying-off) in 1995. Milk samples were analyzed for SCC using a Fossomatic cell counter and for chemical composition using a Dairylab II milk analyzer. Both instruments were calibrated with goat milk standards. Concentrations of all milk composition variables (fat, protein, solids-non-fat and total solids), with the exception of lactose, were high (2.91 +/- 0.16%, 3.27 +/- 0.10%, 8.30 +/- 0.11% and 11.20 +/- 0.23%, respectively) in the first month after parturition, declined slightly and then remained constant until drying-off. Daily milk production increased steadily for the first 4 weeks following parturition and then decreased gradually. SCC in milk were high (887 +/- 400 x 10(3) ml(-1)) during the first 2 weeks of lactation. The lowest SCC were found in milk during the second month after parturition and then the SCC value increased as lactation advanced. Marked daily variations of SCC in goat milk were observed. These observations indicate that consecutive monthly SCC data collected from the once-a-month sampling plan of the Dairy Herd improvement Association testing program must be used if the SCC is to be a direct estimator of mastitic conditions in Alpine goats. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Langston Univ, Agr Res & Extens Programs, Langston, OK 73050 USA. USDA, ARS, So Plains Area, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Zeng, SS (reprint author), Langston Univ, Agr Res & Extens Programs, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. NR 12 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(96)01002-4 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA YP956 UT WOS:000071332900005 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Butler, JM Blagburn, BL AF Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Butler, JM Blagburn, BL TI Mechanical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by dogs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; oocysts; epidemiology; transmission; dogs ID INFECTION; STRAINS; BIRDS AB Two experiments were conducted to determine if dogs could mechanically transmit Toxoplasma gondii after ingesting cat feces or by rolling: in cat feces containing oocysts. In the first experiment, two dogs were fed sporulated T. gondii oocysts; viable sporulated oocysts were present in dog feces for up to 2 days postinoculation (PI). Both dogs seroconverted to T. gondii but did not develop clinical signs of toxoplasmosis. In the second experiment, nonsporulated oocysts were placed on dog skin and fur, and fur clippings were bioassayed for T. gondii in mice. Oocysts did not sporulate on dog fur. The results of this study support the hypothesis that dogs may be involved in the mechanical transmission of T. gondii to humans. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 21 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00048-4 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA YQ594 UT WOS:000071403500004 PM 9477489 ER PT J AU Waghela, SD Cruz, D Droleskey, RE DeLoach, JR Wagner, GG AF Waghela, SD Cruz, D Droleskey, RE DeLoach, JR Wagner, GG TI In vitro cultivation of Anaplasma marginale in bovine erythrocytes co-cultured with endothelial cells SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma marginale; in vitro culture; erythrocytes; endothelial cells ID CLONED DNA PROBE; CATTLE AB Primary cultures of Anaplasma marginale infected erythrocytes were used to determine conditions for in vitro cultivation of the rickettsia. The infected erythrocytes that were maintained by regular addition of Glasgow's MEM with fetal calf serum and uninfected erythrocytes showed a 1-5% increase in percent infected erythrocytes on the evaluation of Giemsa stained smears. This increase in parasitemia resulted in up to 70% change in the number of infected erythrocytes. Go-culture of the infected erythrocytes with endothelial cell monolayers allowed for longer maintenance with the parasitemia ranging from 5-13% through four passages over 16 weeks. Examination of cultures using transmission electron microscopy showed initial bodies within the erythrocytes at 10 days after the initial passage of the primary culture. The endothelial cell monolayers in the co-cultures contained multiple initial bodies. We have demonstrated that A. marginale can be grown for a Limited number of passages in the co-culture system, which will facilitate the development of a continuous culture of the organism. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Waghela, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00045-9 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA YQ594 UT WOS:000071403500006 PM 9477491 ER PT J AU Sahagun-Ruiz, A Waghela, SD Holman, PJ Chieves, LP Wagner, GG AF Sahagun-Ruiz, A Waghela, SD Holman, PJ Chieves, LP Wagner, GG TI Biotin-labeled DNA probe in a PCR-based assay increases detection sensitivity for the equine hemoparasite Babesia caballi SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia caballi; DNA probe; PCR; hybridization ID ANTIBODY; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASES; HORSES; BOVIS AB wA DNA probe from Babesia caballi (Bcl) was selected by antibody screening of a genomic library. The Eel probe hybridized specifically to B. caballi genomic DNA. A polymerase-chain-reaction-based assay for B. caballi DNA was developed from primers deduced from the probe nucleotide sequence. An amplified product of 1.6 kb was detected from as little as 500 fg B. caballi template DNA. Sensitivity increased 1000-fold when the biotin-labeled Eel probe was hybridized to the amplicons in a Southern blot. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, APHIS, USDA, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wagner, GG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00017-4 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA YQ594 UT WOS:000071403500007 PM 9477492 ER PT J AU Rejon, A Garcia-Romera, I Ocampo, JA Bethlenfalvay, GJ AF Rejon, A Garcia-Romera, I Ocampo, JA Bethlenfalvay, GJ TI Mycorrhizal fungi influence competition in a wheat-ryegrass association treated with the herbicide diclofop SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop yield; diclofop; herbicide; Lolium perenne L.; mycorrhiza; nutrient transfer; Triticum aestivum L.; weed control ID PLANTS; INFECTION; MYCELIUM; ROOTS AB Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi interconnect the root systems of adjacent plants, and mediate the transfer of nutrients between them. The objective of this study was to determine if the VAM fungus Glomus deserticola Trappe, Bless and Menge enhanced such a transfer in a crop-weed association when one associated plant was selectively weakened by an herbicide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants were grown with or without VAM fungi either in monocultures, or together as an intercrop for 7 weeks, when the herbicide diclofop was applied as a soil drench at dose rates of 0%, 10%, 50%, 100% and 1000% of the field recommendation (0.9 kg ha(-1)). Seed yield at harvest (13 weeks) was significantly greater for the +VAM than for the -VAM intercropped wheat plants at all dose rates. When grown in monoculture, wheat yield was greater in the -VAM plants. Shoot growth of intercropped +VAM wheat was enhanced, while that of ryegrass was inhibited. In monoculture, the plant dry masses of both -VAM wheat and ryegrass were greater than those of the +VAM plants, while in intercrop the +VAM wheat plants fared better. The data showed that (1) the herbicide inhibited root colonization by C. deserticola in wheat but not in ryegrass, and (2) when grown together, wheat growth and yield were enhanced and ryegrass growth was inhibited in +VAM herbicide-treated associations. We interpret the findings as a change in interplant source-sink relations upon treatment with diclofop: ryegrass roots became sources of nutrients to the tolerant wheat roots (stronger sinks), and the transfer process was enhanced by the VAM mycelium common to both. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. CSIC, Estac Expt Zaidin, E-18008 Granada, Spain. RP ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Ocampo, Juan Antonio/K-7565-2014; Garcia Romera, Inmaculada/L-1204-2014 OI Garcia Romera, Inmaculada/0000-0001-6351-1885 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD DEC 12 PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(97)00025-5 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YP007 UT WOS:000071231900005 ER PT J AU Boerner, REJ Sutherland, EK AF Boerner, REJ Sutherland, EK TI The chemical characteristics of soil in control and experimentally thinned plots in mesic oak forests along a historical deposition gradient SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOOSIER-NATIONAL-FOREST; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ALUMINUM; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; FERTILITY; EUROPE; GROWTH AB This study examined the variations in the chemical parameters of soils of seven forests located along a historical deposition gradient spanning 8.5 degrees longitude from southern Illinois to central West Virginia. Four to six mature control plots were sampled on two of the sites, and two experimentally thinned and two control plots were sampled on the remaining five sites. Most soil properties varied significantly both among experimental forests and between control and thinned plots. Soil pH, Al, PO4 and inorganic N were correlated with longitude, whereas differences in Ca, Mg and Ca:Al ratio among experimental forests were more closely linked to differences in parent materials. Nine of the 12 soil properties measured differed between control and thinned plots, and the variance explained by the proportion of basal area removed in the experimental thinnings was always greater than that explained by longitude or current basal area. Overall, thinned plots had greater soil pH, inorganic N, Ca, Mg, K and Ca:Al ratio, whereas control plots had greater Al and PO4. These patterns of difference were also apparent when the chemical properties of soil of the experimental forests were analyzed individually. We suggest that thinning may have reduced uptake, increased relative nutrient availability, changed leaf and litter quality, and altered decomposition and mineralization rates in such a way as to produce persistent differences in soil properties. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Boerner, REJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD DEC 12 PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(97)00023-1 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YP007 UT WOS:000071231900006 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ AF Schreiner, RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ TI Plant and soil response to single and mixed species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under fungicide stress SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mycorrhizal community; seed yield; soil aggregation; AM fungi; glomales ID GLOMUS; BENOMYL; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Defining sustainable agricultural practices requires an understanding of both above- and below-ground consequences to management strategies. While alternatives to biocides are sought for the control of weeds, insects and pathogens, biocide use will continue with the goal of reducing quantities used in an integrated approach. The impact of three fungicides on plant growth, seed yield, seed nutrient composition, and on soil aggregation as mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was studied in a silty-clay loam soil with a high extractable P concentration. Shoot dry mass, seed yield and seed nutrient (N, P, K) contents of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants were enhanced by three AM fungi and a mixture of three fungi compared with nonAM plants. Each AM fungus produced a distinct pattern of shoot responses of plants, but the mixed inoculum treatment was as good or better than each single species for all of the above-ground measures of plant performance. Soil aggregation was improved by two of the three AM fungi as individual inocula, and was further increased in the mixed inoculum treatment. Two of the three fungicides reduced shoot dry mass and seed yield, but none of the fungicides affected soil aggregation. Fungicides inhibited mycorrhiza formation least in the mixed inoculum treatment which gave the best overall plant and soil responses. Since the three fungi together were more tolerant of fungicides than each fungus alone, it appeared that as a community, AM fungi modified and alleviated fungicide stress, resulting in high levels of plant performance and soil aggregation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM schreinr@bcc.orst.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD DEC 12 PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(96)00141-2 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YP007 UT WOS:000071231900009 ER PT J AU Shaper, NL Meurer, JA Joziasse, DH Chou, TDD Smith, EJ Schnaar, RL Shaper, JH AF Shaper, NL Meurer, JA Joziasse, DH Chou, TDD Smith, EJ Schnaar, RL Shaper, JH TI The chicken genome contains two functional nonallelic beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase genes - Chromosomal assignment to syntenic regions tracks fate of the two gene lineages in the human genome SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MURINE BETA-1,4-GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE; HUMAN GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE; CELL-MIGRATION; PROTEIN; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; ENZYME; GOLGI; SITE; EXPRESSION AB Two distinct but related groups of cDNA clones, CK beta 4GT-I and CK beta 4GT-II, have been isolated by screening a chicken hepatoma cDNA library with a bovine beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta 4GT) cDNA clone, CK beta 4GT-I is predicted to encode a type II transmembrane glycoprotein of 41 kDa with one consensus site for N-linked glycosylation, CK beta 4GT-II is predicted to encode a type II transmembrane glycoprotein of 43 kDa with five potential N-linked glycosylation sites, At the amino acid level, the coding regions of CK beta 4GT-I and CK beta 4GT-II are 52% identical to each other and 62 and 49% identical, respectively, to bovine beta 4GT, Despite this divergence in amino acid sequence, high levels of expression of each cDNA in Trichoplusia ni insect cells demonstrate that both CK beta 4GT-I and CK beta 4GT-II encode an alpha-lactalbumin-responsive, UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta 4-galactosyltransferase. An analysis of CK beta 4GT-I and CK beta 4GT-II, genomic clones established that the intron positions within the coding region are conserved when compared with each other, and these positions are identical to the mouse and human beta 4GT genes. Thus CK beta 4GT-I and CK beta 4GT-II are the result of the duplication of an ancestral gene and subsequent divergence, CK beta 4GT-I maps to chicken chromosome Z in a region of conserved synteny with the centromeric region of mouse chromosome 4 and human chromosome 9p, where beta 4-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.38) had previously been mapped, Consequently, during the evolution of mammals, it is the CK beta 4GT-I gene lineage that has been recruited for the biosynthesis of lactose, CK beta 4GT-II maps to a region of chicken chromosome 8 that exhibits conserved synteny with human chromosome Ip, An inspection of the current human gene map of expressed sequence tags reveals that there is a gene noted to be highly similar to beta 4GT located in this syntenic region on human chromosome Ip, Because both the CK beta 4GT-I and CK beta 4GT-II gene lineages are detectable in mammals, duplication of the ancestral beta 4-galactosyltransferase gene occurred over 250 million years ago in an ancestral species common to both mammals and birds. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,CTR ONCOL,CELL STRUCT & FUNCT LAB,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & MOL SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. VRIJE UNIV AMSTERDAM,DEPT MED CHEM,NL-1081 BT AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48823. RI Schnaar, Ronald/S-8967-2016 OI Schnaar, Ronald/0000-0002-7701-5484 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA45799]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD14010]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM38310] NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 12 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 50 BP 31389 EP 31399 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.50.31389 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YL419 UT WOS:A1997YL41900029 PM 9395470 ER PT J AU Mallants, D Jacques, D Tseng, PH vanGenuchten, MT Feyen, J AF Mallants, D Jacques, D Tseng, PH vanGenuchten, MT Feyen, J TI Comparison of three hydraulic property measurement methods SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil hydraulic properties; measurement techniques; similar-media scaling; spatial variability; variably-saturated flow ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CONDUCTIVITY; FIELD; INFILTRATION; MEDIA AB Hydraulic functions of soils may differ depending on the different measuring methods used. The performance of three different methods for measuring soil-hydraulic properties of a heterogeneous field were evaluated. The experiments were conducted using three different sizes of undisturbed soil cores collected systematically along a 31 m long transect of a well drained sandy loam soil having three soil horizons (Ap, 0-0.25 m; C1, 0.25-0.55 m; C2, 0.55-1.00 m). The laboratory studies involved: (1) detailed unsteady drainage-flux experiments performed on fifteen columns of 1 m length and 0.3 m diameter; (2) combined crust test and hot air methods applied to thirty columns of 0.2 m length and 0.2 m diameter and to a subset of sixty cylinders of 0.1 m length and 0.045 m diameter, respectively, taken from the Ap horizon; and (3) desorption experiments carried out on a total of one hundred eighty cores of 0.051 m length and 0.05 m diameter collected evenly from the three horizons, Mean soil hydraulic properties were inferred from experimental data characterizing either selected depths or the soil profile as a whole. The results revealed considerable differences among estimated mean soil properties as obtained with different measuring techniques. Although the application of scaling theory substantially reduced variation in the measured pressure heads (h) and conductivities (K), the results revealed that scaling parameters determined from soil pressure head were not identical to scaling factors determined from hydraulic conductivity. The results also show that K scaling factors in general were much more variable than h scaling factors, and that the observed variability in scaling factors also depend upon the measurement technique used. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. RP Mallants, D (reprint author), UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN, FAC AGR & APPL BIOL SCI, INST LAND & WATER MANAGEMENT, DECOSTERSTR 102, B-3000 LOUVAIN LA NEUVE, BELGIUM. RI Mallants, Dirk/A-5727-2012; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI Mallants, Dirk/0000-0001-7282-1981; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963 NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 10 PY 1997 VL 199 IS 3-4 BP 295 EP 318 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03331-8 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA YF310 UT WOS:A1997YF31000005 ER PT J AU McNamara, VP Sutterwala, FS Pakrasi, HB Whitmarsh, J AF McNamara, VP Sutterwala, FS Pakrasi, HB Whitmarsh, J TI Structural model of cytochrome b(559) in photosystem II based on a mutant with genetically fused subunits SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; photosystem II; heme protein; Synechocystis 6803; site-directed mutagenesis ID REACTION CENTERS; CHLOROPLAST CYTOCHROME-B-559; MANGANESE CLUSTER; AXIAL LIGANDS; SP PCC-6803; COMPLEX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MUTAGENESIS; TOPOGRAPHY; MEMBRANE AB Photosystem II is a reaction center protein complex located in photosynthetic membranes of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Using light energy, photosystem II catalyzes the oxidation of water and the reduction of plastoquinone, resulting in the release of molecular oxygen. A key component of photosystem II is cytochrome b(559), a membrane-embedded heme protein with an unknown function. The cytochrome is unusual in that a heme links two separate polypeptide subunits, alpha and beta, either as a heterodimer (alpha beta) or as two homodimers (alpha(2) and beta(2) and beta(2)) To determine the structural organization of cytochrome b(559) in the membrane, we used site-directed mutagenesis to fuse the coding regions of the two respective genes In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In this construction, the C terminus of the alpha subunit (9 kDa) is attached to the N terminus of the beta subunit (5 kDa) to form a 14-kDa alpha beta fusion protein that is predicted to have two membrane-spanning alpha-helices with antiparallel orientations. Cells containing the ap fusion protein grow photoautotrophically and assemble functional photosystem II complexes. Optical spectroscopy shows that the alpha beta fusion protein binds heme and is incorporated into photosystem II. These data support a structural model of cytochrome b(559) in which one heme is coordinated to an alpha(2) homodimer and a second heme is coordinated to a beta(2) homodimer. In this model, each photosystem II complex contains two cytochrome b(559) hemes, with the alpha(2) heme located near the stromal side of the membrane and the beta(2) heme located near the lumenal side. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM45797] NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 9 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 25 BP 14173 EP 14178 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.25.14173 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YK825 UT WOS:A1997YK82500145 PM 9391172 ER PT J AU McMaster, GS Wilhelm, WW AF McMaster, GS Wilhelm, WW TI Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn; growing degree-days; timing of biological processes; crop simulation model ID WINTER-WHEAT; THERMAL TIME; LEAF APPEARANCE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MAIZE; YIELD; PHENOLOGY; NITROGEN; UNITS AB Heat units, expressed in growing degree-days (GDD), are frequently used to describe the timing of biological processes. The basic equation used is GDD = [(T-MAX + T-MIN)/2] -T-BASE, where T-MAX and T-MIN are daily maximum and minimum air temperature, respectively, and T-BASE is the base temperature. Two methods of interpreting this equation for calculating GDD are: (1) if the daily mean temperature is less than the base, it is set equal to the base temperature, or (2) if T-MAX or T-MIN < T-BASE they are reset equal to T-BASE. The objective of this paper is to show the differences which can result from using these two methods to estimate GDD, and make researchers and practitioners aware of the need to report clearly which method was used in the calculations. Although percent difference between methods of calculation are dependent on T-MAX and T-MIN data used to compute GDD, our comparisons have produced differences up to 83% when using a 0 degrees C base for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Greater differences were found for corn (Zen mays L.) when using a base temperature of 10 degrees C. Differences between the methods occur if only T-MIN is less than T-BASE, and then Method 1 accumulates fewer GDD than Method 2. When incorporating an upper threshold, as commonly done with corn, there was a greater difference between the two methods. Not recognizing the discrepancy between methods can result in confusion and add error in quantifying relationships between heat unit accumulation and timing of events in crop development and growth, particularly in crop simulation models. This paper demonstrates the need for authors to clearly communicate the method of calculating GDD so others can correctly interpret and apply reported results. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 45 TC 376 Z9 410 U1 26 U2 120 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 87 IS 4 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00027-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ553 UT WOS:000071399300004 ER PT J AU Ball, VE Bureau, JC Eakin, K Somwaru, A AF Ball, VE Bureau, JC Eakin, K Somwaru, A TI Cap reform: modelling supply response subject to the land set-aside SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE duality theory; land set-aside; Common Agricultural Policy AB This paper uses duality theory to develop a model of European Community agriculture. The model is used to investigate the impact of the land set-aside provision of the recent package of reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy. We assume that producers chose output and variable input levels that maximize difference between revenue and variable cost. By including first-order conditions for the allocation of land across its uses, we impose that the observed allocations are profit-maximizing allocations. To overcome the problem of incorporating many outputs into an estimable production structure, we imposed a priori the restriction that the technology was weakly separable in major categories of outputs. With this restriction, it was possible to model production decisions in stages using consistent aggregates in the latter stages. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Nat Resources & Environm Div, Washington, DC USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Stn Econ & Sociol Rurales, Grignon, France. LR Christensen & Associates, Madison, WI USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Commercial Agr Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Ball, VE (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Nat Resources & Environm Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0169-5150(97)00026-1 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA YP408 UT WOS:000071273800013 ER PT J AU Azevedo, AS Singh, P Kanwar, RS Ahuja, LR AF Azevedo, AS Singh, P Kanwar, RS Ahuja, LR TI Simulating nitrogen management effects on subsurface drainage water quality SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Increased level of NO3-N in the drinking water supplies is a major health concern these days. The long-term effects of actual nitrogen (N) fertilizer management practices are not well understood. The use of computer models allows the simulation of different N management practices on a long-term basis and their related effects on water quality. The RZWQM (Root Zone Water Quality Model, Version 3.0) was used to simulate the long-term (1978-1992) impacts of N management practices (single N applications at 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg per ha, and single and split N applications at 150 and 200 kg per ha) on NO3-N lasses with subsurface drain pools and crop yields under two tillage systems (moldboard plow (MB) and no till (NT)). Simulations conducted in this study were based an input parameters calibrated by Singh et al. (J. Environ. Qual., in press) for NO3-N transport to subsurface drains. However, calibration of some additional parameters was required in this study for long-term simulations. The long-term climatic data and soil properties data for these simulations were obtained from a water quality research site at Nashua, Iowa. The results of this study showed that increasing tares of N applications (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg per ha) resulted in increased NO3-N losses with subsurface drain flows and increased crop yields, However, increasing rates of NO3-N losses and crop yields were not linearly proportional with increasing rates of N applications. These trends were similar for both MB and NT treatments. Also, NO3-N losses and crop yields were not significantly different under single and split N applications at both 150 and 200 kg per ha levels of application. The single N application of 150 kg per ha was considered the best N application practice as the simulated NO3-N losses under this practice were reduced considerably (40.3% less in MB and 52.4% less in NT) when compared with the single N application of 200 kg per ha. At the same time, the reduction in crop yields at 150 kg per ha single N application was very small (5.9% reduction under MB and about 6.1% under NT) when compared with the crop yields at 200 kg per ha single N application. This study also shows that RZWQM can be used successfully in evaluating similar N management schemes for other geographic regions of the world by utilizing site-specific data on soils, geological features, crops, and climatic parameters such as rainfall and evaporation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS,USDA,GPSR,FT COLLINS,CO. RP Azevedo, AS (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 55 IS 4 BP 481 EP 501 DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(97)00027-9 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA XU510 UT WOS:A1997XU51000001 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Howell, TA Steiner, JL Evett, SR AF Tolk, JA Howell, TA Steiner, JL Evett, SR TI Grain sorghum growth, water use, and yield in contrasting soils SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; soil strength; clay soils; sandy soils; leaf area index; lysimeter; water use efficiency ID ROOT-GROWTH; WHEAT; STRENGTH; BARLEY AB Soil characteristics and the climate in which they occur help control crop growth and yield. We conducted a study to determine the influence of contrasting soils on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) growth, water use, and yield. In 1992 and 1993, grain sorghum ('DK-46') was grown in 0.75-m rows with 16 plants m(-2) at Bushland, TX in lysimeters containing monolithic soil cores of silty clay loam, silt loam, and fine sandy loam. The 1992 irrigation treatments were well-watered (WW) and no applied early season irrigation to achieve a pre-anthesis water stress. The 1993 irrigation treatments were WW with limited irrigation during late vegetative and reproductive growth stages to achieve a post-anthesis water stress. The crop in the silt loam soil produced lower grain yield in 1993 under high soil water conditions, but greater grain yield, total biomass, and seed number under reduced irrigation compared with the crop on the clay loam. The crop in the sandy loam consistently produced the lowest leaf areas and yield components in all irrigation treatments, possibly due to high soil bulk densities which may have restricted rooting. The 1993 crop in the silt loam had the highest water use in all treatments, and extracted water uniformly throughout the profile in both years. High strength silty clay and clay horizons and possibly a calcic horizon in the silty clay loam may have delayed or limited rooting, and affected crop growth and yield. The crop in the sandy loam consistently produced the lowest yield components in all irrigation treatments, possibly due to restricted rooting resulting from high bulk densities and also low water holding capacity. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(97)00034-6 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA YP895 UT WOS:000071326800003 ER PT J AU Rhoades, JD Lesch, SM LeMert, RD Alves, WJ AF Rhoades, JD Lesch, SM LeMert, RD Alves, WJ TI Assessing irrigation/drainage/salinity management using spatially referenced salinity measurements SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE salinity; irrigation; drainage; management; assessment ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUES; SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; TILE-DRAINED FIELDS; PREDICTION; MODELS AB A unique technology-package for measuring the spatial distributions of salinity in irrigated soils and fields and for evaluating the appropriateness of some related irrigation-, drainage-and salinity control-management practices is described. This assessment technology is based on the use of: (1) geophysical-instrumental systems for intensively measuring bulk soil electrical conductivity and associated spatial coordinates; (2) statistical algorithms for site selection and salinity calibration; and (3) algorithms for data analysis and graphical display to facilitate interpretation. Results are presented to demonstrate some of the utility of the technology. Additionally, examples are given which show that much of the apparent chaos observed in the spatial pattern of soil salinity in irrigated fields is man-induced and related to such management practices as irrigation, drainage, and tillage. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Rhoades, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(97)00017-6 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA YP895 UT WOS:000071326800010 ER PT J AU Brussaard, L Behan-Pelletier, VM Bignell, DE Brown, VK Didden, W Folgarait, P Fragoso, C Freckman, DW Gupta, VVSR Hattori, T Hawksworth, DL Klopatek, C Lavelle, P Malloch, DW Rusek, J Soderstrom, B Tiedje, JM Virginia, RA AF Brussaard, L Behan-Pelletier, VM Bignell, DE Brown, VK Didden, W Folgarait, P Fragoso, C Freckman, DW Gupta, VVSR Hattori, T Hawksworth, DL Klopatek, C Lavelle, P Malloch, DW Rusek, J Soderstrom, B Tiedje, JM Virginia, RA TI Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in soil SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; FOOD WEBS; DIVERSITY AB We review the current knowledge on biodiversity in soils, its role in ecosystem processes, its importance for human purposes, and its resilience against stress and disturbance. The number of existing species is vastly higher than the number described, even in the macroscopically visible taxa, and biogeographical syntheses are largely lacking. A major effort in taxonomy and the training of a new generation of systematists is imperative. This effort has to be focussed on the groups of soil organisms that, to the best of our knowledge, play key roles in ecosystem functioning. To identify such groups, spheres of influence (SOI) of soil biota - such as the root biota, the shredders of organic matter and the soil bioturbators - are recognized that presumably control ecosystem processes, for example, through interactions with plants. Within those SOI, functional groups of soil organisms are recognized. Research questions of the highest urgency are the assignment of species to functional groups and determining the redundancy of species within functional groups. These priorities follow from the need to address the extent of any loss of functioning in soils, associated with intensive agriculture, forest disturbance, pollution of the environment, and global environmental change. The soil biota considered at present to be most at risk are species-poor functional groups among macrofaunal shredders of organic matter, bioturbators of soil, specialized bacteria like nitrifiers and nitrogen fixers, and fungiforming mycorrhizas. An experimental approach in addressing these research priorities is needed, using longterm and large-scale field experiments and modern methods of geostatistics and geographic information systems. C1 Agr Univ Wageningen, Dept Environm Sci, Soil Biol Grp, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biol Resources Program, ECORC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Univ Malaysia Sabah, Trop Biol & Conservat Unit, Kota Kinabalu 88999, Sabah, Malaysia. Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Sch Biol Sci, London E1 4NS, England. Agr Univ Wageningen, Dept Environm Sci, Soil Biol Grp, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, IFEVA, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Inst Ecol, Lab Suelos, Xalapa 91000, Ver, Mexico. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. CRC Soil & Land Management, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Attic Lab, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Int Mycol Inst, Egham TW20 9TY, Surrey, England. Arizona State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. ORSTOM, LEST, F-93143 Bondy, France. Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Soil Biol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Univ Lund, Dept Microbial Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Brussaard, L (reprint author), Agr Univ Wageningen, Dept Environm Sci, Soil Biol Grp, Bornsesteeg 69, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Wall, Diana/F-5491-2011; Brussaard, Lijbert/A-1698-2014; vvsr, Gupta/C-1722-2009; Rusek, Josef/G-1481-2014; OI Brussaard, Lijbert/0000-0003-3870-1411; Fragoso, Carlos/0000-0001-7076-6712 NR 60 TC 247 Z9 280 U1 22 U2 151 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 8 BP 563 EP 570 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT772 UT WOS:000071643500017 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Gardner, DR Drown, DB Downs, G Jederberg, WW Still, K AF Smith, PA Gardner, DR Drown, DB Downs, G Jederberg, WW Still, K TI Detection of resin acid compounds in airborne particulate generated from rosin used as a soldering flux SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE abietic acid; aerosol; asthma; colophony; dehydroabietic acid; inhalation; rosin ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; CONTACT ALLERGY; COLOPHONY; PRODUCTS; FUMES; WORKERS; DERMATITIS AB Various uses of rosin and exposure to its resin acid constituents have been associated with dermal and pulmonary sensitization. Methodology is presented to detect resin acids common to rosin (such as abietic and dehydroabietic acid) found in aerosol from heated rosin flux. Air filtration, solvent filter extraction, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to provide qualitative and quantitative information on the resin acid content of aerosol produced during soldering with rosin flux. Abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid were identified and quantified in aerosol derived from healed rosin flux, in samples collected in the field and in laboratory generated samples. Other resin acids (including several apparently oxidized resin acids) were detected, but not quantified. laboratory mass balance experiments using soldering temperatures and liquid rosin flux showed that much of the nonvolatile material originally present in unheated flux may be captured on a sampling filter following heating and aerosolization. The data presented suggest that resin acids are a major component (with regard to mass) of the airborne contaminants produced during soldering with rosin flux. Abietic acid was shown to be unstable on sampling filters held for a period of weeks, while dehydroabietic acid and total solvent-soluble material were not found to degrade under the same conditions. Rosin aerosol produced in the laboratory using a soldering iron and liquid rosin flux produced particles shown to be of respirable size using scanning electron microscopy. C1 Utah State Univ, USN, Ctr Environm Toxicol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USN, Ctr Environm Toxicol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 58 IS 12 BP 868 EP 875 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1997)058<0868:DORACI>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YM588 UT WOS:000071079800005 PM 9425647 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ AF Ellis, KJ TI Body composition of a young, multiethnic, male population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; children; young men; bone mineral content; fat; percentage fat; whites; blacks; Hispanics; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; lean tissue mass; ethnicity ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; SURVEY HHANES 1982-1984; CROSS-CALIBRATION; WHITE-CHILDREN; FAT; DENSITY; ADOLESCENTS; WEIGHT; HEALTH AB The study objective was to establish the range of total body-composition values for a young, multiethnic, healthy male population (aged 3-18 y) by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results for 297 males in three ethnic groups [European American (white), n = 145; African American (black), n = 78; and Mexican American (Hispanic), n = 74] are reported. Bone mineral content (BMC), lean tissue mass (LTM), body fat mass, and percentage fat are presented as functions of age. Analysis of variance with age, weight, and height as covariates was used to evaluate differences among the three ethnic groups. BMC and LTM were higher in black than in white males, but no difference in BMC or LTM was evident between the white and Hispanic groups. The relation between total-body BMC and LTM was linear (r = 0.985, P < 0.0001) and independent of age or ethnic classification. The Hispanic males had higher body fat values than the white group, whereas the black males generally had lower values than the white group. When adjusted for body size, the Hispanic males continued to have significantly higher body fat and percentage fat than the white or black males. Ethnic-specific equations for the prediction of body composition as a function of age, weight, and height were derived. The results for the white males in the present study were compared with DXA-derived reference data reported in other countries for young white males. We conclude that reference values of total body composition for young healthy males need to be ethnic specific. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,BODY COMPOSIT LAB, DEPT PEDIAT, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 37 TC 124 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1323 EP 1331 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YH920 UT WOS:A1997YH92000006 PM 9394682 ER PT J AU Saltzman, E Dallal, GE Roberts, SB AF Saltzman, E Dallal, GE Roberts, SB TI Effect of high-fat and low-fat diets on voluntary energy intake and substrate oxidation: studies in identical twins consuming diets matched for energy density, fiber, and palatability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy intake; fat; twins; fiber; energy density; macronutrient oxidation; glycogenostatic model of energy regulation ID FOOD-INTAKE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AD-LIBITUM; BODY-FAT; CARBOHYDRATE; HUMANS; WEIGHT; EXPENDITURE; BALANCE; WOMEN AB There remains controversy over the effects of dietary fat content on voluntary energy intake. Additionally, the question of whether there is a genetic susceptibility to overeating high-fat diets has not been resolved. To address these issues, we designed two diets: a low-fat diet providing approximate to 20% of energy as fat and a high-fat diet with approximate to 40% of energy as fat. The diets were matched for energy density, fiber, and palatability. In a two-phase, 18-d intervention study, voluntary energy intakes and macronutrient oxidation rates during the fasting and fed states were determined in seven pairs of identical male twins. In contrast with results of previous intervention studies, in which low-fat and high-fat diets were not matched for energy density and other associated variables, we observed no significant difference in voluntary energy intake between the low-fat and high-fat phases, and mean daily intakes were similar (10.3 and 10.7 MJ/d, respectively). Postprandial rates of fat oxidation tended to reflect fat intakes in the two dietary phases, thus helping to explain the lack of a difference in mean energy intakes. There was also a significant twin-pair similarity in differences in energy intakes between dietary phases (P = 0.013). These results suggest that dietary fat content does not have a major influence on voluntary energy intake when dietary variables usually associated with fat are controlled for and that there may be a familial influence on the effects of dietary fat content on energy intake. RP Saltzman, E (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ENERGY METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12829]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46124] NR 43 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1332 EP 1339 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YH920 UT WOS:A1997YH92000007 PM 9394683 ER PT J AU Conway, JM Chanetsa, FF Wang, P AF Conway, JM Chanetsa, FF Wang, P TI Intraabdominal adipose tissue and anthropometric surrogates in African American women with upper- and lower-body obesity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ethnicity; visceral adipose tissue; subcutaneous adipose tissue; waist circumference; anthropometry; body composition; African American women; upper-body obesity; lower-body obesity ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; WHITE WOMEN; FAT DISTRIBUTION; ABDOMINAL FAT; HEALTH RISKS; VISCERAL FAT; HIP RATIO; ASSOCIATION; EQUATIONS AB It is well established that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in white women. In a recent study, we found that African American women had smaller depots of VAT. To test the relation of VAT to the commonly used anthropometric surrogates for fat patterning, including waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness, and ratio of triceps to subscapular skinfold thickness, we recruited 48 normotensive African American women > 120% of ideal body weight on the basis of WHRs > 0.85 [upper-body obesity (UBO); n = 23] and < 0.76 [lower-body obesity (LBO); n = 25]. There were no differences between groups in age, height, weight, body mass index, or percentage of body fat. VAT was determined by magnetic resonance imaging at L4-5; percentage of fat was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Women with UBO had significantly larger mean (+/- SEM) depots of VAT at L4-5 than did women with LBO (0.26 +/- 0.02 compared with 0.19 +/- 0.02 L). Waist circumference was the single best predictor of VAT at L4-5 in both groups of women whereas WHR was significantly associated with VAT at L4-5 only in women with UBO. In African American women, waist circumference is a better surrogate for VAT than is WHR. C1 HOWARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RP Conway, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BHNRC,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BLDG 308,ROOM 101,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1351 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YH920 UT WOS:A1997YH92000009 PM 9394685 ER PT J AU Stoll, B Burrin, DG Henry, J Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ AF Stoll, B Burrin, DG Henry, J Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ TI Phenylalanine utilization by the gut and liver measured with intravenous and intragastric tracers in pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gut amino acid metabolism; hepatic amino acid metabolism; metabolic compartmentation; plasma protein synthesis; stable isotopes ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PRECURSOR POOL; RAT-LIVER; YOUNG MEN; KINETICS; LEUCINE AB To investigate intestinal and hepatic metabolism of phenylalanine, four conscious pigs (7.5 kg), bearing arterial, venous, and hepatic portal catheters, were fasted for 12 h and infused with [phenyl-H-2(5)]phenylalanine via a peripheral vein and [carboxyl-C-13]phenylalanine via the stomach. During the first 6 h of the infusion, the pigs remained fasted and received only the intravenous tracer. During the second 6 h, they received an intragastric infusion of milk replacer and both tracers. In the fasted state, the portal-drained viscera extracted 10% (P < 0.025) of the arterial [2H(5)]phenylalanine flow of the pigs. In the fed state, the splanchnic tissues metabolized 45% of the enteral tracer and intestinal metabolism accounted for 76% of the total splanchnic extraction. The tracer-to-tracee ratio of both tracers in apolipoprotein B-100 (ape B-100) phenylalanine was twofold (P < 0.001) higher than that of hepatic free phenylalanine. The ratios of the two tracers in portal (C-13/H-2; 1.66) and apo B-100 (1.76) phenylalanine were similar but higher (P < 0.05) than that of arterial phenylalanine (1.29). We conclude that intestinal metabolism dominates the splanchnic extraction of enteral phenylalanine and that in the fed state, the hepatic protein synthetic precursor pool derives from portal phenylalanine. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Reeds, PJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 273 IS 6 BP G1208 EP G1217 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA YM816 UT WOS:000071104100005 ER PT J AU Rose, D Oliveira, V AF Rose, D Oliveira, V TI Nutrient intakes of individuals from food-insufficient households in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIETARY AB Objectives. Understanding the nutritional consequences of food insufficiency is important for informed policy-making that addresses the problem of domestic hunger. This study estimated the extent to which individuals from food-insufficient households were likely to have low intakes of energy and 14 other nutrients. Methods. The diets of preschoolers, adult women, and the elderly were analyzed with 24-hour recall data from the 1989 through 1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the association of self-reported household food insufficiency with nutrient intakes below 50% of the recommended daily allowance. Results. For adult women, food insufficiency was significantly associated with low intakes of eight nutrients, including energy, magnesium, and vitamins A, E, C, and B-6. Elderly individuals in the food-insufficient group were also more likely to have low intakes of eight nutrients, including protein, calcium, and vitamins A and B-6. Household food insufficiency was not significantly associated with low intakes among preschoolers. Conclusions. The results validate the use of self-reported hunger measures in nutritional surveillance and highlight nutrients of concern for food assistance and nutrition education efforts targeted at individuals from food-insufficient households. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Rose, D (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1301 New York Ave NW,Room 1240, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 32 TC 141 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1956 EP 1961 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.1956 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000010 PM 9431283 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Paape, MJ Leino, L Capuco, AV Narva, H AF Wang, Y Paape, MJ Leino, L Capuco, AV Narva, H TI Functional and phenotypic characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bovine L-selectin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NODE HOMING RECEPTOR; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; ADHESION; EXPRESSION; INTEGRINS; MIGRATION; PROTEINS; INVIVO; MAC-1 AB Objective-To characterize 2 bovine neutrophil monoclonal antibodies (MAB) as to effects on bovine neutrophil function and their binding antigens on the cell surface of bovine neutrophils. Animals-16 healthy, lactating Holstein cattle, 1 calf with leukocyte adhesion deficiency, and 1 age-matched control calf, 2 healthy ewes, and 2 healthy human beings as neutrophil sources. Procedure-Neutrophil chemotactic and respiratory burst activities and calcium influx, and binding properties of the 2 MAB were determined. Molecular mass of corresponding cell surface antigens also was determined, as was binding of human L-selectin MAB DREG56 to molecules recognized by MAB 11G10 and 2G8 on the surface of bovine neutrophils. Results-MAB 11G10 and 2G8 inhibited chemotactic activity of bovine neutrophils, up-regulated amplitude of native chemiluminescence, and shortened the time to reach maximal chemiluminescence induced by serum-opsonized zymosan. Crosslinking both MAB with a second antibody induced rapid increase in intracellular free calcium concentration. Binding density of MAB 11G10 and 2G8 to bovine neutrophils treated with trypsin was increased (P < 0.05), compared with that of untreated neutrophils. Neutrophils treated with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C had decreased (P < 0.05) binding density of MAB 11G10 and 2G8. Binding of the various MAB to neutrophils from calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency was lower (P < 0.05) than binding to neutrophils from healthy calves. Expression of antigens recognized by the aforementioned MAB on the surface of bovine neutrophils was decreased (P < 0.05) within 10 minutes. Conclusion-MAB 11G10 and 2G8 recognized L-selectin molecules on bovine neutrophil membrane. L-Selectin (CD62L) is involved in low-affinity adhesion reactions between leukocytes and L-selectin ligand on postcapillary venular endothelial cells. C1 USDA ARS,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TURKU UNIV,CENT HOSP,TURKU,FINLAND. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1392 EP 1401 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YH922 UT WOS:A1997YH92200014 PM 9401687 ER PT J AU Gamble, HR Wisnewski, N Wasson, DL AF Gamble, HR Wisnewski, N Wasson, DL TI Diagnosis of trichinellosis in swine by enzyme immunoassay, using a synthetic glycan antigen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXCRETORY-SECRETORY ANTIGEN; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TRICHINOSIS; SPIRALIS; LARVAE; EXPRESSION; DIGESTION; PARASITE; CLONING; ELISA AB Objective-To assess performance of a synthetic carbohydrate antigen for use in an enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of trichinellosis in swine. Animals and Sample Population-47 York x Duroc pigs and field sera from 265 farm pigs raised under various management systems. Procedures-Each of 47 pigs was inoculated with 25 to 500 Trichinella spiralis larvae, and blood samples were obtained weekly. At postinoculation week 12, pigs were euthanatized, and tissues recovered from the tongue and diaphragm were digested to determine worm burden. Serum samples from experimentally infected pigs and sera obtained from pigs on a farm were tested by enzyme immunoassay, using standard excretory-secretory and synthetic glycan antigens. Results-Of the 47 pigs, 46 (97.8%), with worm burden ranging from 0.02 to 248.8 larvae/g of tissue in the tongue and diaphragm, tested seropositive using both antigens. Time of seroconversion varied among pigs and was negatively correlated with intensity of infection. Minor differences were observed in time of seroconversion between the 2 antigens in 11 of 46 pigs, suggesting some differences in the antibody response. One pig with a worm burden of 0.01 larva/g was not detected by enzyme immunoassay using either antigen. Background values obtained using the 2 antigens did not differ among confinement-raised pigs, but background values for pigs raised outdoors on dirt lots were significantly lower using the glycan antigen. Low-level, naturally acquired T spiralis infections in pigs were detected in most instances by use of both antigens, although there were some differences in antibody responses of infected pigs. Conclusion-The synthetic glycan antigen has potential for replacing excretory-secretory antigens as a standardized reagent for diagnosis of trichinellosis in pigs. C1 HESKA CORP,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. RP Gamble, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1417 EP 1421 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YH922 UT WOS:A1997YH92200018 PM 9401691 ER PT J AU Durant, JA Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Durant, JA Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Comparison of batch culture growth and fermentation of a poultry Veillonella isolate and selected Veillonella species grown in a defined medium SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE defined medium; growth studies; Veillonella; fermentation; poultry ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CECAL BACTERIA; BROILER CHICKS; RUMEN BACTERIA; COLONIZATION; ENTERITIDIS; INHIBITION; SUCCINATE; LACTATE; PARVULA AB The objective of this study was to develop a defined medium for quantitating nutritional requirements and fermentation products of a poultry cecal isolate of Veillonella and to compare these parameters with representative Veillonella species. The poultry isolate is one of 29 organisms from a continuous-flow culture that has been shown to be effective against Salmonella colonization in broilers. When the Veillonella species were grown in anaerobic batch culture, propionate and acetate were the only volatile fatty acids detected. Lactate was needed to provide energy for the growth of the Veillonella in the defined medium. The poultry isolate had significantly (p < 0.05) higher Y-lactate (g of dry cell weight per mole of lactate utilized) and dry cell weight than the other Veillonella species when grown on aminoacid supplemented defined media. Cultures of the Veillonella species in the defined medium grown with supplemented amino acids aspartate, threonine, arginine, and serine indicated that these amino acids were metabolized to acetate and propionate. Amino acid analysis on media inoculated with either V. atypica or the poultry isolate also indicated that these organisms may have different amino acid preferences. For nearly all of the amino acid supplemented media combinations the poultry isolate utilized significantly (p < 0.05) more threonine and serine whereas V. atypica utilized significantly (p < 0.05) more aspartate. The defined medium supported growth of all of the Veillonella species tested and should enable further in-depth physiological studies to be conducted on the poultry Veillonella studies. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 6 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.1006/anae.1997.0129 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YU077 UT WOS:000071679300004 PM 16887614 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Beattie, CW AF Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Beattie, CW TI Mapping genes located on human chromosomes 2 and 12 to porcine chromosomes 15 and 5 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE comparative map; human; pig ID ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; HUMAN GENOMES; LINKAGE MAP; PIG; SEQUENCE; CATTLE AB Informative microsatellites associated with two genes on HSA12 (lysozyme, LYZ; tumour necrosis factor receptor, TNFR) and one gene on HSA2 (glutamic acid decarboxylase 1, GAD1) were mapped in the US Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) swine reference population and the physical assignment of a-lactalbumin (LALBA) was determined. A comparative map for HSA2 and HSA12 with SSC15 and SSC5, respectively, was developed by combining the results from this study with published type I loci mapped in both species. One rearrangement between HSA2 and SSC15 was detected while the number of rearrangements between HSA12 and SSC5 were numerous. These results indicated that conservation of synteny does not imply a conservation of gene order and that additional type I markers need to be mapped in the pig to fully understand the chromosomal rearrangements that occurred during the evolution of mammals. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 28 IS 6 BP 448 EP 450 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1997.00203.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA ZJ195 UT WOS:000073189000010 PM 9589588 ER PT J AU Laguerre, G vanBerkum, P Amarger, N Prevost, D AF Laguerre, G vanBerkum, P Amarger, N Prevost, D TI Genetic diversity of rhizobial symbionts isolated from legume species within the genera Astragalus, Oxytropis, and Onobrychis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ROOT NODULE BACTERIA; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; CICER-ARIETINUM L; SP-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; STRAINS; SEQUENCES; LEGUMINOSARUM AB The genetic diversity of 44 rhizobial isolates from Astragalus, Oxytropis, and Onobrychis spp. originating from different geographic locations was evaluated by mapped restriction site polymorphism (MRSP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes and by PCR DNA fingerprinting with repetitive sequences (REP-PCR). A comparison of tree topologies of reference strains constructed with data obtained by MRSP and by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the topologies were in good agreement, indicating that the MSRP approach results in reasonable estimates of rhizobial phylogeny. The isolates were distributed into 14 distinct 16S rRNA gene types clustering into three major groups which corresponded with three of the genera within the legume symbionts. Most of the isolates were within the genus Mesorhizobium. Five were identified with different genomic species nodulating Lotus spp. and Cicer arietinum. Three Astragalus isolates were classified as Bradyrhizobium, one being similar to Bradyrhizobium elkanii and another being similar to Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Six of the isolates were related to species within the genus Rhizobium. Two were similar to Rhizobium leguminosarum, and the remainder were identified as Rhizobium gallicum. DNA fingerprinting by REP-PCR revealed a high level of diversity within single 16S ribosomal DNA types. The 44 isolates mere distributed into 34 REP groups. Rhizobial classification at the genus and probably also the species levels was independent of geographic origin and host plant affinity. C1 ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR & AGROLIMENTAIRE CANADA,CTR RECH & DEV SOLS & GRANDES CULTURES,ST FOY,PQ G1V 2J3,CANADA. RP Laguerre, G (reprint author), INRA,CMSE,LAB MICROBIOL SOLS,BV 1540,17 RUE SULLY,F-21034 DIJON,FRANCE. NR 54 TC 114 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 63 IS 12 BP 4748 EP 4758 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YK709 UT WOS:A1997YK70900019 PM 9406393 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B AF Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B TI Direct detection and isolation of plasmid-bearing virulent serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica from various foods SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGGLUTINATION; BINDING; CLONES; ASSAY AB A procedure was developed for direct detection, isolation, and maintenance of plasmid-bearing virulent serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica from different food sources. Plasmid-bearing virulent strains of Y. enterocolitica representing five serotypes were simultaneously detected and isolated from enriched swab samples of artificially contaminated pork chops, ground pork, cheese, and zucchini, using Congo red binding and low-calcium-response tests. The method was also effective in isolating plasmid-bearing virulent strains of Y. enterocolitica from naturally contaminated porcine tongues. Virulence of the strains isolated from these foods was confirmed by PCR, the expression of plasmid-associated phenotypes, and mouse pathogenicity. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), ARS,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,EASTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 63 IS 12 BP 4952 EP 4955 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YK709 UT WOS:A1997YK70900050 PM 9406416 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Steadham, EM Bolin, CA AF Stabel, JR Steadham, EM Bolin, CA TI Heat inactivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw milk: Are current pasteurization conditions effective? SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONDITIONS SIMULATING PASTEURIZATION; CROHNS-DISEASE; COWS MILK; RESISTANCE; COLOSTRUM AB Currently, it is not known whether commercial pasteurization effectively kills Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in contaminated raw milk Results from holder test tube experiments indicated that a residual population of viable bacteria remained after treatment at 65, 72, 74, or 76 degrees C for 0 to 30 min. Use of a laboratory-scale pasteurizer unit demonstrated that treatment of raw milk at 72 degrees C for 15 s effectively killed all M. paratuberculosis. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 13 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 63 IS 12 BP 4975 EP 4977 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YK709 UT WOS:A1997YK70900056 PM 9406421 ER PT J AU Hebbar, KP Lumsden, RD Poch, SM Lewis, JA AF Hebbar, KP Lumsden, RD Poch, SM Lewis, JA TI Liquid fermentation to produce biomass of mycoherbicidal strains of Fusarium oxysporum SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOCONTROL FUNGI; AGENTS AB Conditions for optimizing spore production, especially chlamydospores, by host-specific mycoherbicidal strains of Fusarium oxysporum causing vascular wilts in coca (Erythroxylum coca) and poppy (Papaver somniferum) were studied in 2.5-1 fermenters. The fermentor dissolved oxygen and pH had significant effects on the growth characteristics of F. oxysporum strains. The effect of the fungal strain, however was not significant for most of the variables studied except for chlamvdospore formation. After 14 days of fermentation, the spore types produced were microconidia and chlamydospores, with very little production of macroconidia. While the total viable counts were significantly higher under high than under low dissolved O-2, the chlamydospore counts were significantly higher under low than under high dissolved O-2 The percentage of chlamydospores obtained, as a proportion of total viable was significantly higher when the fermenter pH was increased, than when it was not. Scaling-up the liquid fermentation to 20 1, yielded log(10) c = 6.5 (where c = chlamydospores ml(-1)) after 14 days' fermentation, with biomass viable counts of log(10)v similar to 8.0 (where v = viable counts g(-1) air-dried biomass). A single-step liquid fermentation reported in this study increased chlamydospore yields and reduced the time required for their production with techniques currently available from 5 weeks to less than 2 weeks. C1 USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hebbar, KP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, BARC W, Room 275,Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 48 IS 6 BP 714 EP 719 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YP868 UT WOS:000071324100007 ER PT J AU Fonseca, RW Miller-Ihli, NJ Sparks, C Holcombe, JA Shaver, B AF Fonseca, RW Miller-Ihli, NJ Sparks, C Holcombe, JA Shaver, B TI Effect of oxygen ashing on analyte transport efficiency using ETV-ICP-MS SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE electrothermal vaporization; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; oxygen ashing; catalytic carbon oxidation; analyte transport; direct solids analysis; ultrasonic slurry sampling; physical carrier; palladium ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROTHERMAL VAPORIZATION; CHEMICAL MODIFIERS; EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; GRAPHITE; CARBON; INTERFERENCES; GASIFICATION AB Oxygen ashing has been used in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy to eliminate organic matrix sample components and is particularly useful when doing direct solids analysis of biologicals using ultrasonic slurry sampling, Oxygen ashing has also proven to be useful for the analysis of slurry samples using ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (USS-ETV-ICP-MS). In this work, the effect of oxygen ashing on analyte transport in USS-ETV-ICP-MS was evaluated, Oxygen ashing in the presence of Pd modifier (Pd/O-2) enhances analyte transport efficiency, possibly as a result of an increase in the number of carbon particles present in the graphite furnace during the vaporization step, These carbon particles act as a physical carrier, providing a surface on which the analytes can condense to be transported more efficiently, The carbon produced at earlier times, with Pd/O-2, may be the result of either dissociation or fracture of the graphite during the rapid heating of the furnace, Pd, which was initially added to act as a physical carrier, also seems to be acting as a catalyst for carbon oxidation, The shift in the carbon signal toward earlier times when using oxygen ashing was observed only when Pd was present, In addition, scanning electron micrographs of a home-made graphite platform revealed that portions of the graphite substrate were missing when Pd/O-2 was used and that clearly visible pits were found in the graphite. Oxygen ashing combined with 1 mu g Pd improves quantitative results by removing the organic part of the matrix present in slurry samples while enhancing analyte transport efficiency by providing carbon particles that serve as a physical carrier. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Miller-Ihli, NJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1800 EP 1806 DI 10.1366/0003702971939866 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA YR243 UT WOS:000071475300008 ER PT J AU Lim, C Beames, RM Eales, JG Prendergast, AF McLeese, JM Shearer, KD Higgs, DA AF Lim, C. Beames, R. M. Eales, J. G. Prendergast, A. F. McLeese, J. M. Shearer, K. D. Higgs, D. A. TI Nutritive values of low and high fibre canola meals for shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE canola meal; marine shrimp; nutritional value AB This study was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of high-fibre canola meal (CMHF) and low-fibre canola meal (CMLF) for juvenile shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Four groups of 0.78 g shrimp held in running, 24.0-27.8 degrees C sea water on a 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle were each fed one of seven isonitrogenous (340 g kg(-1) protein) and isoenergetic (18.5 MJ of gross energy kg(-1)) diets to satiation four times daily for 56 days. Each of the test canola protein products comprised either 150, 300 or 450 g kg(-1) of the protein in a basal (practical) diet by replacement of one-third, two-thirds or all of the menhaden meal protein. Shrimp that ingested diets in which CMHF and CMLF comprised 450 and 300 g kg(-1) of the protein, respectively, exhibited significant reductions in growth and feed intake relative to those fed the basal diet. Feed and protein utilization were not significantly depressed unless menhaden meal in the basal diet was completely replaced by CMHF or CMLF. In general, percentage survival and final whole-body levels of protein, minerals, and thyroid hormones were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. Terminal whole-body levels of moisture were raised significantly in shrimp fed diets containing the highest levels of CMHF and CMLF. Potassium levels were significantly higher in shrimp fed the diet containing the lowest level of CMLF relative to those fed the basal diet and the diet with the highest level of CMLF. Water stability of the diet pellets was negatively correlated with their levels of CMHF and CMLF. It is concluded that commercial high-fibre canola meal can constitute 300 g kg(-1) of the dietary protein of juvenile shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) without compromising growth, feed intake and feed and protein utilization. However, because of a trend towards reduced shrimp survival at this dietary concentration of canola meal, it is recommended that this protein source not exceed 150 g kg(-1) of the protein in practical juvenile shrimp diets. Fibre-reduced canola meal did not have improved nutritive value for shrimp. However, we postulate that one or more fibre-reduced, and solvent-extracted canola protein products may be cost-effective substitutes for fish meal protein. C1 [Lim, C.] USDA ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. [Beames, R. M.; Prendergast, A. F.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Anim Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A2, Canada. [Eales, J. G.; McLeese, J. M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Zool, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Shearer, K. D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Utilizat Res Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Higgs, D. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver Lab, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sci Branch,Pacific Reg, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM limchh@mindspring.com FU Canola Utilization Assistance Program of the Canola Council of Canada FX We are grateful to the Canola Utilization Assistance Program of the Canola Council of Canada for funding this research. Also, we thank Dr Bill Riley of the Canola Council of Canada for supporting the research and Drs S. Satoh and J. P. Raney for, respectively, determining levels of phytic acid and of glucosinolates in the test diets. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2095.1997.00048.x PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V27FI UT WOS:000208598700009 ER PT J AU Madeira, PT Van, TK Steward, KK Schnell, RJ AF Madeira, PT Van, TK Steward, KK Schnell, RJ TI Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of the phenetic relationships among world-wide accessions of Hydrilla verticillata SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Hydrilla; RAPD Gower metric; principal coordinate analysis ID DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; LF ROYLE; MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA; ISOENZYME PATTERNS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MARKERS; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; RAPD AB The phenetic relationships among forty-four accessions of Hydrilla verticillata from various regions of the world were determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of bulked genomic samples, Five primers were used producing a total of 85 resolvable, polymorphic bands. The accessions were compared using Gower and Dice metrics, clustered using unweighted pair-group arithmetic average clustering (UPGMA) and consensus algorithms, and factored using principal coordinate analysis, Four major clusters (Asian, Australian, Indonesian, monoecious U.S.) and one minor outlier cluster (Japan/Poland) were identified, The U.S. dioecious accessions formed a group closest to an accession from Bangalore, India, possibly lending credence to historical reports that it was imported from Sri Lanka. The U.S. monoecious plants cluster with an accession from Seoul, Korea, Accessions from Taiwan, Burundi, and Panama join the Asian cluster late. The New Zealand accessions cluster loosely with those from Australia. The use of band intensity in combination with the Gower similarity coefficient generated a cophenetic correlation coefficient (similarity matrix vs, UPGMA matrix) of r = 0.92, superior to that for the corresponding Dice metric (r = 0.85). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Agr Res Serv, Aquat Weed Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Van, TK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Aquat Weed Res Lab, USDA, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 217 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00075-2 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YU715 UT WOS:000071747000003 ER PT J AU Tilly-Kiesi, M Lichtenstein, AH Joven, J Vilella, E Cheung, MC Carrasco, WV Ordovas, JM Dolnikowski, G Schaefer, EJ AF Tilly-Kiesi, M Lichtenstein, AH Joven, J Vilella, E Cheung, MC Carrasco, WV Ordovas, JM Dolnikowski, G Schaefer, EJ TI Impact of gender on the metabolism of apolipoprotein A-I in HDL subclasses LpAI and LpAI : AII in older subjects SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kinetics; LpAI; LpAI : AII; sex; lipoproteins ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; FRACTIONAL CATABOLIC RATE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; APOA-I; IMMUNOAFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA-LIPIDS; ELDERLY MEN; PARTICLES; WOMEN AB The behavior of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in lipoprotein (Lp) AI and LpAI:AII was studied in 11 postmenopausal females and 11 males matched for plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. Subjects consumed a baseline diet [35% fat (14% saturated, 15% monounsaturated, and 7% polyunsaturated), 15% protein, 49% carbohydrate, and 147 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal] for 6 weeks before the start of the kinetic study. At the end of the diet period, using a primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5-H-2(3)]leucine. residence times (RT) and secretion rates (SR) of apoA-I were determined in 2 subpopulations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, LpAI and LpAI:AII. Plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were similar in males and females. The mean plasma HDL cholesterol concentration in males (1.14+/-0.23 mmol/L mean+/-SD) was lower than in females (1.42+/-0.18 mmol/L; P=.0034). Similarly, the mean plasma concentration of apoA-I in males (130+/-21 mg/dL) was lower than that in females (150+/-19 mg/dL; P=.0421). The RT of apoA-I in either LpAI or LpAI:AII was similar between men and women. Despite the higher plasma apo A-I levels in female compared with male subjects, total apoA-I and apoA-I in LpAI and LpAI:AII pool sizes were similar weight of the female subjects. The mean SR of total apoA-I in males (8.5+/-2.7 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1)) was 22% lower than in females (10.9+/-2.3 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1); P=.0389). The SR of both apoA-I in LpAI and LpAI:AII was lower in males than females, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. These data suggest that the difference observed in HDL cholesterol concentration between males and females in attributable to SR of apoA-I and not the catabolic rate. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Hosp St Joan, Reus, Spain. NW Lipid Res Labs, Seattle, WA USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326] NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3513 EP 3518 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YZ025 UT WOS:000072212600020 PM 9437200 ER PT J AU Hill, DT Payne, VWE Rogers, JW Kown, SR AF Hill, DT Payne, VWE Rogers, JW Kown, SR TI Ammonia effects on the biomass production of five constructed wetland plant species SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE constructed wetlands; animal waste; water quality; waste treatment ID ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS; NITROGEN; REMOVAL AB The effect of four levels of ammonia concentration on the biomass production of Sagittaria latifolia (arrowhead), Phragmites australis (common reed), Scirpus acutus (bullrush), Typha latifolia (cattail), and Juncus roemerianus (common rush) was studied using field scale constructed wetland ponds of 3.05 x 0.6 m. These species of plants are common in constructed wetlands treating animal waste lagoon effluent. Twenty ponds were constructed to accommodate the five species and four ammonia levels. The experiment had three repetitions in time. Effluent from the second cell of a two cell anaerobic lagoon system treating flushed swine waste was utilized at four dilution levels, providing mean ammonia concentrations of 20.5, 41.1, 61.6 and 82.4 mg NH3-N/L for the study. Biomass production was determined by harvesting the plants at specified time intervals and measuring dry weight production. The ponds were operated as standard constructed wetlands with a water depth of 10-15 cm. After the 3 month field study was completed, statistical analysis of the data was performed. This analysis showed that the only species affected by ammonia concentration was Scirpus acutus. The remaining four species were statistically unaffected. Darn from the study also shows a significant difference in the biomass production between species. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Payne Engn Inc, Auburn, AL USA. Alabama Dept Environm Management, Montgomery, AL USA. USDA, NRCS, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Hill, DT (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 62 IS 3 BP 109 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00085-0 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA YQ369 UT WOS:000071379600006 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Somkuti, GA AF Solaiman, DKY Somkuti, GA TI Construction of a green-fluorescent protein-based, insertion-inactivation shuttle vector for lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; EXPRESSION; PLASMIDS AB A shuttle vector, p5aGFP2201a, for lactic acid bacteria and E. coli was constructed by using the gene of a jellyfish green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a selection marker. The plasmid was shown to function as a shuttle vector by its ability to carry and express a staphylococcal chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene into targeted hosts. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1175 EP 1179 DI 10.1023/A:1018473501442 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YM181 UT WOS:000071037900003 ER PT J AU McCall, PJ Wilson, MD Dueben, BD Bronsvoort, BMD Heath, RR AF McCall, PJ Wilson, MD Dueben, BD Bronsvoort, BMD Heath, RR TI Similarity in oviposition aggregation pheromone composition within the Simulium damnosum (Diptera: Simuliidae) species complex SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL PROGRAM; WEST-AFRICA; LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS; ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE; LABORATORY BIOASSAY; L COLEOPTERA; EGGS; IDENTIFICATION; WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE AB The oviposition aggregation pheromone of six species or forms of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) from different sites in West Africa, was investigated by gas chromatographic analysis of hexane extracts of the ovaries from wild-caught flies, bloodfed and maintained until gravid in the laboratory. The two compounds previously shown to be released from fresh eggs and associated with mediation of oviposition aggregation were found in S. leonense Boakye, Post & Mosha (Sierra Leone), S. yahense Vajime & Dunbar (Ghana), S. sanctipauli Vajime & Dunbar (Ghana), S. squamosum Enderlein (Cameroon), S. sirbanum Vajime & Dunbar (Ghana) and the Bioko form (island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea). Coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the S. leonense, S. sanctipauli and the Bioko form extracts showed the two compounds to be identical in all three. Volatile emissions from freshly laid eggs of S. sanctipauli were similar to those previously described from S. leonense, and identical in chemical composition to gravid ovaries. No new compounds were detected in any ovary extracts or volatile emissions examined, demonstrating that the composition of the aggregation pheromone is similar throughout the S. damnosum species complex. Analysis of S. leonense adults of different age groups and physiological states showed that the compounds are detectable only in gravid ovaries at 2 or more days following the bloodmeal, suggesting that production of the pheromone occurs during egg development. Demonstration of an oviposition aggregation pheromone common throughout the species complex raises the possibility of developing an odour-baited trapping system for blackflies, which could be employed across the large area of Africa where they are the vectors of onchocerciasis. C1 UNIV LIVERPOOL, LIVERPOOL SCH TROP MED, DIV PARASITE & VECTOR BIOL, LIVERPOOL L3 5QA, MERSEYSIDE, ENGLAND. UNIV GHANA, NOGUCHI MEM INST MED RES, ACCRA, GHANA. ARS, CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL, USDA, GAINESVILLE, FL USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 EI 1475-2670 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 6 BP 609 EP 616 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YL393 UT WOS:A1997YL39300007 ER EF