FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wilson, JR Hatfield, RD AF Wilson, JR Hatfield, RD TI Structural and chemical changes of cell wall types during stem development: Consequences for fibre degradation by rumen microflora SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cell wall digestibility; wall accessibility; lignification; plant anatomy; cell wall constituents; cross linking; phenolics ID EXTENDED MAIZE INTERNODE; INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; ITALIAN RYEGRASS; CROSS-LINKING; PLANT-PARTS; LIGNIN; DIGESTION; FORAGE AB Legume and grass stems decrease substantially in digestibility as they mature. This review evaluates how anatomical and chemical factors restrict digestion of cell walls in legume and grass stems. Cells that make up legume stems fall into 2 groups: cells with high (congruent to 100%) digestibility (e.g. cortex and pith) and cells that appear indigestible (e.g. xylem). The digestibility of xylem cells is restricted by the highly lignified secondary walls (SW). Although cortex and pith cells may develop SW or thickened primary walls, digestibility is high because these cell types do not undergo lignification. In contrast. as grass stems mature, SW thickening and lignification occur in all main cell types. However, lignified SW in grass is readily digested when accessible to rumen microorganisms. Analysis of tissue and cell architecture in grasses strongly supports the hypothesis that observed poor digestion of lignified SW in, vivo is due to limits imposed by anatomical structure. Compositional limitation to wall digestion lies in the lignified, indigestible middle lamella-primary wall. This structure confines SW digestion to inner (lumen) surfaces of cells with an open end. Low sclerenchyma SW degradation in vivo can be explained by limited movement of bacteria into sclerenchyma cells and low surface area on interior walls. For example, the ratio of surface area to total cell wall volume for sclerenchyma cells is 100-fold lower than for mesophyll cells. Apparent relationships of some wall constituents-chemical structures to wall digestibility may be the result of the increasing SW and, therefore, may simply reflect limitations imposed by anatomical structure. C1 USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP CSIRO, DIV TROP AGR, 306 CARMODY RD, BRISBANE, QLD 4067, AUSTRALIA. NR 87 TC 77 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 EI 1836-5795 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1071/A96051 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA WH452 UT WOS:A1997WH45200005 ER PT J AU Irwin, JAG Maxwell, DP Smith, RR AF Irwin, JAG Maxwell, DP Smith, RR TI Expression of resistance by tetraploid and diploid lucerne genotypes to Phytophthora medicaginis is not influenced by inoculum level or by temperature SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE root rot; disease screening ID APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES; ROOT-ROT; ALFALFA; INHERITANCE; QUEENSLAND; MEGASPERMA AB Phytophthora-resistant lucerne cultivars do not always perform well under conditions of high disease pressure in the field. To determine whether resistance expression remains stable under different infection intensities, tetraploid and diploid lucerne genotypes, genotypically defined for their reactions to Phytophthora medicaginis, were clonally propagated, and the influence of different reproducible inoculum levels (0 . 5 and 5 . 0 g dry weight mycelium/kg dry weight potting mix), the period of exposure to these levels (10-60 days), and temperature (16/22 degrees C and 24/30 degrees C) on disease expression was determined in controlled environments. Generally, expression of resistance by resistant genotypes, remained stable under these conditions. Biotic (e.g. Aphanomyces eutiches) or abiotic factors other than P. medicaginis may be responsible for the poorer than expected performance under field conditions in some instances, or the percentage of resistant plants in some cultivars currently classified as resistant is insufficient to provide buffering against productivity reductions under severe epidemics. Further research is needed to clarify the situation. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Irwin, JAG (reprint author), UNIV QUEENSLAND,COOPERAT RES CTR TROP PLANT PATHOL,BRISBANE,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1071/A96093 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA WH452 UT WOS:A1997WH45200006 ER PT J AU Blum, A Sullivan, CY AF Blum, A Sullivan, CY TI The effect of plant size on wheat response to agents of drought stress .1. Root drying SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSCISIC-ACID; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; LEAF EXPANSION; WATER-STRESS; TOP-SOIL; GROWTH; ACCUMULATION; SIGNAL; YIELD AB Plant size has long been implicated in plant response to drought stress. This study is a first in a series of two intended to examine the effect of plant size on plant performance under the effect of various agents of drought stress. Variable plant size (in terms of plant height and shoot biomass) independent of genetic background effects was experimentally achieved using rht (tallest), Rht(1) and Rht(2) (medium) and Rht(3) (shortest) homozygous height isogenic lines of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Bersee). Top-root drying is a common stress condition when the top soil dries in the field. In this experiment wheat was grown in hydroponics system in long PVC tubes. Stress was applied by allowing the top (40 cm) roots to dry throughout most of the growing season while the remaining roots were immersed in the nutrient solution. Average seasonal top-root water potential was reduced from -0.097 MPa in the controls to -1.93 MPa under stress. This stress condition caused a reduction in shoot biomass while it increased total root length. There was a general progressive increase in leaf diffusive resistance under the treatment as plants became larger. This stomatal closure could not be accounted for by reduction in leaf water potential. In fact, leaf turgor increased as stomatal diffusive resistance increased with increasing plant size, leading us to conclude that stomatal closure was the primary response to top-root drying, followed by turgor maintenance possibly as a result of a non-hydraulic signal produced by the drying top-roots. Smaller plants were affected relatively less than were larger plants by this stress condition in terms of stomatal closure, plant height, tillering and shoot biomass reduction. Grain yield per plant was actually increased by stress in the smallest plants while it was unaffected by stress in the larger plants. It is concluded that the smallest plants were the most resistant to top-root drying but absolute biomass and yield under this stress condition was the greatest in the largest plants because of their relatively greater potential. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Blum, A (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST FIELD CROPS,POB 6,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WM663 UT WOS:A1997WM66300005 ER PT J AU Blum, A Sullivan, CY Nguyen, HT AF Blum, A Sullivan, CY Nguyen, HT TI The effect of plant size on wheat response to agents of drought stress .2. Water deficit, heat and ABA SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADJUSTMENT AB Plant size has long been implicated in plant response to drought stress. This study is the second in a series of two intended to examine the effect of plant size on plant performance under the effect of various agents of drought stress. Variable plant size (in terms of plant height and shoot biomass) independent of genetic background effects was experimentally achieved using rht (tallest), Rht(1) and Rht(2) (medium) and Rht(3) (shortest) homozygous height isogenic lines of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars Bersee and April-Bearded. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture in the growth chamber. In the first experiment, juvenile plants were challenged by osmotic stress using polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the nutrient solution giving a water potential of -0.55 MPa. The control nutrient solution was at -0.05 MPa. Plant growth, shoot biomass, leaf area, relative water content (RWC) and osmotic adjustment (OA) were measured. In the second experiment, effects on growth rate of chronic heat stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in the root medium of juvenile plants were evaluated. Potential plant size as determined by shoot biomass in the controls at 25 days after emergence was greatest in rht, medium in Rht(1) and Rht(2), and smallest in Rht(3) genotypes. Potential growth rate and leaf area were greater in plants of larger potential biomass (rht) than in plants of smaller potential biomass (Rht(3)). Growth reduction by osmotic stress was inversely related to plant size, while the extent of osmotic adjustment during osmotic stress was directly related to plant size. RWC did not vary with plant size. Relative growth reduction by heat stress and by ABA also decreased in smaller plants. ABA did not alleviate the depressing effect of heat on growth. Despite the greater stress tolerance of smaller (Rht(3)) plants, the absolute growth and biomass of large (rht) plants under stress conditions was always better than that of smaller plants. The results of these series of experiments suggest that greater stress tolerance of small plants is derived from their relatively smaller size and slower growth rate. Consequently, we conclude that growth under stress is sustained by potential growth rate and plant size of the genotype when stress is mild and by plant tolerance (even at the expense of potential growth rate and size) when stress is more severe. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP Blum, A (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST FIELD CROPS,POB 6,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WM663 UT WOS:A1997WM66300006 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Yuan, Z Quebedeaux, B AF Wang, Z Yuan, Z Quebedeaux, B TI Photoperiod alters diurnal carbon partitioning into sorbitol and other carbohydrates in apple SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELERY APIUM-GRAVEOLENS; WATER-STRESS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERIOD; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; FIXED CARBON; LEAVES; METABOLISM; SUCROSE; PLANTS; EXPORT AB The current experiments were designed to determine the diurnal carbon partitioning among sorbitol, sucrose, and starch in mature apple (Malus domestica Borhk. cv. Gala) leaves and to determine whether photoperiod altered photosynthate partitioning among carbohydrates. Sorbitol accounted for > 80% of newly fixed C-14-labelled carbohydrate during the light period. Forty-seven percent of sorbitol that had accumulated at the end of the light period disappeared during the dark period. As photoperiod increased from 1 to 10 h, sorbitol, glucose, fructose, and starch concentrations in mature apple leaves increased, but were stable from 10 to 14 h. Sucrose concentration, on the other hand, decreased slightly as photoperiod increased. As a result, sorbitol to sucrose ratios increased from 2 in the 1-h photoperiod to 5 in the 10-h photoperiod. The relative partitioning of C-14 into sorbitol increased, whereas the partitioning into sucrose, glucose, and fructose decreased as photoperiod increased from 1 to 10 h. Our results suggest that longer photoperiods favoured sorbitol over sucrose accumulation while shorter photoperiods favoured sucrose over sorbitol synthesis. The observed changes in sorbitol and sucrose concentrations with changes in photoperiod may result from different rates of synthesis and export. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 5 BP 587 EP 597 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YK262 UT WOS:A1997YK26200005 ER PT J AU Cortes, PM AF Cortes, PM TI Cortical intracellular electrical potential in roots of unstressed and stressed sunflower seedlings .1. Dependence on water status SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortex; intracellular electrical potential; photosynthate; root; water stress ID TRANSPORT; SURFACE; GROWTH; SHOOT AB The intracellular electrical potential (Ec) was measured with a microelectrode in cortical cells of intact roots of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings subjected to differing levels of water stress and illumination. Water stress was rapidly imposed and relieved by lowering and raising the level of nutrient solution in a tank which contained all the seedling roots except the lateral root in which Ec was measured. The base value of E-c for unstressed illuminated seedlings was -120 mV. When placed in the dark, a small reversible depolarisation of approximately 10 mV could be measured in roots of seedlings grown under low levels of radiation but was not evident in seedlings grown under high levels of radiation. The imposition of and relief from extreme water stress (leaves and apex severely wilted) resulted in a reversible depolarisation of approximately 50 mV. The effect of water stress was greatly reduced by the presence of sucrose and glucose in the nutrient solution perfusing the 30 mm portion of the lateral root in which E-c was measured. It appears likely that the variation in potential was mediated by a reduction in the supply of photosynthate to the roots. RP Cortes, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 5 BP 643 EP 649 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YK262 UT WOS:A1997YK26200012 ER PT J AU Cortes, PM AF Cortes, PM TI Cortical intracellular electrical potential in roots of unstressed and stressed sunflower seedlings .2. Radial profiles and oscillations SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortex; coupling; intracellular electrical potential; root; water ID MEMBRANE H+-ATPASE; WATER TRANSPORT; PRESSURE PROBE; BARLEY ROOTS; MAIZE ROOTS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSNODAL TRANSPORT; POTASSIUM ACTIVITY; OSMOTIC-PRESSURE; EXCISED ROOTS AB Various models have been proposed to explain how plants can extract water from dry soil against a gradient in water potential. According to one model, it is hypothesised that water uptake from dry soil is associated with a radial gradient in the intracellular electrical potential (E-c) of root cortical cells such that the potential in the outer cells is relatively hyperpolarised. As a partial test of this model, a microelectrode was used to measure radial profiles of E-c in intact roots of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings. The seedlings were subjected to either a control (unstressed) or one of two stress treatments. Water stress was rapidly imposed and relieved by lowering and raising the level of nutrient solution in a tank which contained all the seedling roots except the lateral root in which E-c was measured. There was a gradient in E-c in roots of unstressed plants with the potential of the outer cortical cells being relatively depolarised. The imposition of stress shifted the gradient in accordance with the hypothesis. Increasing the magnitude of the osmotic potential of the solution perfusing the measured portion of a lateral root of a stressed seedling resulted in a discontinuity in the profile between the second and third cortical layers. The gradients in the profile of E-c indicate there is a limitation in intercellular electrical coupling and the appearance of a discontinuity may indicate a decrease in coupling. Three types of occasional, spontaneous oscillations in E-c are characterised. One type of oscillation may be additional evidence that the electrical coupling between the cortical cell layers is variable and depends on the transport and status of water in the roots. RP Cortes, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 5 BP 651 EP 660 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YK262 UT WOS:A1997YK26200013 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM Chen, JW Percy, RG Zeiger, E AF Lu, ZM Chen, JW Percy, RG Zeiger, E TI Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf area in two cotton species (Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum) and their relation with heat resistance and yield SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN PIMA COTTON; REGISTRATION; TEMPERATURE; LEAVES AB Gossypium barbadense L. (Pima) and Gossypium hirsutum L. (upland) cottons are the two major fibre producing species grown in the south-western United States, where lint yields are adversely affected by high temperatures. In these environments, heat-adapted upland cultivars show higher yields and heat resistance than advanced Pima cultivars. Recent studies with an historical series of commercial Pima cultivars have shown that increases in lint yield and heat resistance are tightly coupled to increases in stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and to decreases in leaf area. In the present study, Pima S-6 and Pima S-7 (advanced Pima cultivars) and Deltapine 90 (advanced upland cultivar) were compared under field and laboratory conditions to determine whether the physiological and morphological gradients found in the Pima historical series extrapolate to upland cotton. In the field, Deltapine 90 showed 25-35% higher stomatal conductance, 35-50% higher photosynthetic rate and 45% smaller leaf area than Pima S-6. The higher photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of Deltapine 90 leaves were partially related to their sun-tracking ability. In gas exchange experiments that prevented sun-tracking, the two cultivars had comparable photosynthetic rate as a function of incident radiation, while stomatal conductance was higher in upland cotton. In the 25-35 degrees C range, photosynthetic rate as a function of temperature remained nearly constant in both cultivars, and was higher in upland cotton at all temperatures. Stomatal conductance showed a strong temperature-dependence, and conductance value and the slope of the stomatal response to temperature were higher in Deltapine 90. In progeny from a cross between Deltapine 90 and Pima S-7, the segregation of stomatal conductance in F-1 and F-2 populations showed a clear genetic component. These results indicate that the differences in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf area associated with increases in lint yield and heat resistance in the Pima historical series are also evident in a comparison between advanced cultivars of upland and Pima cotton. Upland cotton could je used as a source of genetic variation for high stomatal conductance in Pima breeding programs. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,UCLA DOE LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. ARS,USDA,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 5 BP 693 EP 700 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YK262 UT WOS:A1997YK26200017 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Hodges, HF McKinion, JM AF Reddy, KR Hodges, HF McKinion, JM TI A comparison of scenarios for the effect of global climate change on cotton growth and yield SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PIMA COTTON; RESPONSES; RICE AB If global surface temperatures change as projected because of radiative and physiological effects of a changing environment, we should expect important changes in crop production in the 21st Century. Experiments were conducted at ambient and twice ambient atmospheric CO2 concentrations at five temperatures. The 1995 temperature in Mississippi was used as a reference with the other temperatures being 1995 minus 2 degrees C, and 1995 plus 2, 5 and 7 degrees C. Daily and seasonal variation and amplitudes were maintained. Seedlings had 4-6 times as much leaf area and dry weight at 20 d after emergence when grown at 28 degrees C as at 23 degrees C (1995 ambient) average temperature during that growth period. Number of days to first square, flower, and open boil decreased as temperature increased. Double atmospheric CO2 did not affect these developmental rates. Temperatures above 28 degrees C, or 1995 average whole-season temperatures, were detrimental to mid-and late-season boil retention and growth. No fruits were retained to maturity at 1995 plus 5 or 7 degrees C. However, whole season vegetative growth was not significantly reduced by temperature 5-7 degrees C above the 1995 ambient conditions. Twice ambient CO2 caused about 40% increase in vegetative dry matter accumulation across temperatures. In a separate experiment, similar results were obtained on fruiting cotton grown at a range of temperatures based on long-term average US Midsouth July temperatures. Therefore, if global warming occurs as predicted, food and fibre production in such high-temperature and humid environments may be more limited to vegetative structures and the animals that consume vegetative structures. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Simulat Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 707 EP 713 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YV299 UT WOS:000071809300001 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Saliendra, NZ AF Meinzer, FC Saliendra, NZ TI Spatial patterns of carbon isotope discrimination and allocation of photosynthetic activity in sugarcane leaves SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF; LIGHT; CANOPY; GROWTH; DELTA-C-13; CULTIVARS; STAND; CO2 AB Longitudinal variation in carbon isotope discrimination (Delta), photosynthetic gas exchange, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activities, chlorophyll and N content were characterised in the uppermost fully expanded leaf of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) plants. Delta values of lamina tissue and the water-soluble fraction increased from the base to near the tip of the leaf then remained essentially constant, or declined along the rest of the leaf. Both the CO2 assimilation rate (A) and stomatal conductance (g) also increased from the base to the tip. The relative increase in A was much greater than that of g, causing the ratio of intercellular to ambient partial pressure of CO2 (p(i)/p(a)) to decrease substantially from leaf base to tip. Activities of both PEPC and Rubisco increased from leaf base to tip. Based on current models of factors determining Delta in C-4 plants, the increase in Delta from the base to tip of sugarcane leaves appeared to be entirely attributable to decreasing p(i)/p(a) Bundle sheath leakiness to CO2, the other major determinant of Delta in C-4 plants, was nearly constant from the leaf base to tip, consistent with the nearly constant ratio of Rubisco and PEPC activity. Spatial allocations of carboxylase activity, chlorophyll, and N were highly correlated with prevailing levels of incident light at different points along the leaf. Partitioning of N and photosynthetic activity within individual leaves was consistent with allocation of N and photosynthetic capacity along vertical gradients of incident light reported for entire canopies. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, 99-103 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 769 EP 775 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YV299 UT WOS:000071809300008 ER PT J AU Mott, KA Snyder, GW Woodrow, IE AF Mott, KA Snyder, GW Woodrow, IE TI Kinetics of Rubisco activation as determined from gas-exchange measurements in antisense plants of Arabidopsis thaliana containing reduced levels of Rubisco activase SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rubisco; Rubisco activase; photosynthesis; light; antisense plant ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; STATE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CO2; CARBAMYLATION; EXPRESSION; LIMITATION; REDUCTION; SUNFLECKS; LEAVES; MODEL AB The kinetics of the increase in photosynthesis rate following an increase in PFD were determined in wildtype Arabidopsis thaliana plants and in two antisense plants that contained reduced levels of Rubisco activase. Experiments were conducted over a range of intercellular CO2 mole fractions (c(i)). The rate at which photosynthesis approached steady-state following an increase in PFD was similar for wildtype and transformed plants at low values of c(i). At higher values of c(i), however, wildtype plants approached steady state more rapidly than did the antisense plants. Photosynthesis time courses were used to calculate Rubisco activation rates for the three types of plants, and Rubisco activation rate was found to be proportional to activase content at a c(i) of 280 mu mol mol(-1). These data are discussed in the context of proposed mechanisms for Rubisco activase in the activation of Rubisco. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Woodrow, IE (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM woodrow@ariel.ucs.unimelb.edu.au NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 4 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 811 EP 818 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YV299 UT WOS:000071809300013 ER PT J AU Reams, RY Thacker, HL Harrington, DD Novilla, MN Rottinghaus, GE Bennett, GA Horn, J AF Reams, RY Thacker, HL Harrington, DD Novilla, MN Rottinghaus, GE Bennett, GA Horn, J TI A sudden death syndrome induced in poults and chicks fed diets containing Fusarium fujikuroi with known concentrations of moniliformin SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE sudden death; cardiomyopathy; monensin; moniliformin; pyruvate dehydrogenase; mycotoxin; electrocardiograph; Fusarium fujikuroi ID PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE; BROILER-CHICKENS; TURKEY POULTS; SKELETAL MYOPATHY; CULTURE MATERIAL; CARDIOMYOPATHY; DEFICIENCY; MORTALITY; LESIONS; ASCITES AB A sudden death syndrome was induced in chicks and poults fed diets containing Fusarium fujikuroi, formulated to contain 0-330 mg/kg moniliformin (M) with or without the maximum recommended therapeutic concentration of monensin. Lesions of monensin toxicosis were not observed. Clinical signs were referable to cardiac dysfunction (sudden death, dyspnea, cyanosis, depression). Poults and chicks dying early in the study had no gross lesions or had lesions of right ventricular dilation. Treated poults and chicks dying late in the study or euthanatized at termination of the study had lesions of bilateral myocardial hypertrophy, usually concentric. Absolute heart weights and relative heart weights, expressed asa percentage of body weight, were significantly greater in treated birds than controls (P < 0.05), whereas body weights were significantly less (P < 0.05). Microscopically, lesions progressed from acute myocardial degeneration to necrosis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. Ultrastructural findings were consistent with the gross and microscopic lesions. Serum pyruvate concentrations were a useful indicator of M-induced cardiotoxicosis. Concentrations of serum pyruvate increased with increased concentration-of dietary M, but were not affected by addition of monensin to the diet. In chicks ingesting 40-300 mg/kg M, serum pyruvate concentrations were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those in controls (controls, 0.28 +/- 0.08 mmol/liter; exposed 0.38 +/- 0.11-0.55 +/- 0.13 mmol/liter). Poults ingesting 80-330 mg/kg M had significantly greater serum pyruvate concentrations than controls (controls 0.33 +/- 0.09 mmol/liter; exposed 0.43 +/- 0.13-1.00 +/- 0.06 mmol/liter). The Vetronics System(R) was used to evaluate electrocardiographic alterations in a limited number of chicks and poults surviving to the end of the feeding trial. Electrocardiographic alterations in poults and chicks fed dirts containing greater than or equal to 40 mg/kg and greater than or equal to 160 mg/kg M, respectively, were consistent with ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial injury, and hypoxia. Electrocardiographic alterations were more striking in poults than in chicks. Altered myocardial metabolism due to M toxicosis, in conjunction with the unusual susceptibility of domestic poultry to altered cardiac metabolism, is believed to be the cause of the organ-specific lesions in these birds. These findings suggest that cardiac injury with subsequent alterations in cardiac electrical conductance may be a cause of the sudden deaths observed in poultry chronically intoxicated with dietary M. C1 PURDUE UNIV,ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. ELI LILLY & CO,GREENFIELD,IN 46140. UNIV MISSOURI,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. ARS,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Reams, RY (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 20 EP 35 DI 10.2307/1592440 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WQ516 UT WOS:A1997WQ51600004 PM 9087317 ER PT J AU May, JD Branton, SL AF May, JD Branton, SL TI Identification of Mycoplasma isolates by ELISA SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian mycoplasmas; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; strain; identification ID GALLISEPTICUM AB An antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Two trials were conducted to compare the ELISA with the conventional fluorescent antibody technique. In trial 1, broilers were inoculated with M. gallisepticum F, M. gallisepticum SG, and M. synoviae. In trial 2, hens were inoculated with M. gallisepticum F, M. synoviae, and a combination of the two. Swab isolates were obtained from the choanal cleft and cultures were grown in broth media with a pH indicator. The organisms were bound to 96-well plates for the ELISA or cultured on agar for the fluorescent antibody test. Monoclonal antibodies directed to M. gallisepticum F, M. gallisepticum S6, and M. synoviae were reacted with the ELISA aliquots. The ELISA test identified the mycoplasmas in these samples and was completed within 8 hr but did not identify as many isolates as the fluorescent antibody procedure. The principal advantage of this ELISA is the ability to Identify the strain of mycoplasma. RP May, JD (reprint author), ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,USDA,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.2307/1592447 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WQ516 UT WOS:A1997WQ51600011 PM 9087324 ER PT J AU Macri, NP Porter, RE Holt, PS AF Macri, NP Porter, RE Holt, PS TI The effects of induced molting on the severity of acute intestinal inflammation caused by Salmonella enteritidis SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chickens; inflammation; intestine; molting; Salmonella enteritidis ID EGG TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; CHICKENS; HENS; RESPONSES AB This study describes and compares early inflammation caused by Salmonella enteritidis in molted and nonmolted hens. Adult white leghorn chickens were orally infected with Salmonella enteritidis 4 days after feed removal. At 2, 4, 8, 10, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr after infection, the hens were euthanatized, and the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon were evaluated by light microscopy. Two trials were conducted, and in both trials inflammation occurred more frequently and was significantly greater in the cecum and colon of molt ed-infected hens compared with nonmolted-infected hens beginning at 8 hr after infection. In one trial, inflammation was more severe in the ileum of molted-infected hens compared with nonmolted-infected hens. Results indicated that molting by feed deprivation shortened the time of onset and increased the severity of acute intestinal inflammation caused by Salmonella enteritidis. C1 ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,USDA,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP Macri, NP (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,1175 ADDL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.2307/1592451 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WQ516 UT WOS:A1997WQ51600015 PM 9087328 ER PT J AU Mo, IP Brugh, M Fletcher, OJ Rowland, GN Swayne, DE AF Mo, IP Brugh, M Fletcher, OJ Rowland, GN Swayne, DE TI Comparative pathology of chickens experimentally inoculated with avian influenza viruses of low and high pathogenicity SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; avian influenza virus; influenza; pathology; pathobiology; pathogenicity; chickens ID ALABAMA 7395/75 H4N8; INTRAVENOUS INOCULATION; LAYING CHICKENS; DUCK-ORIGIN; A VIRUSES; TURKEYS; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTES; LESIONS AB Pathologic changes and distribution of viral antigen as determined by immunohistochemistry were compared among 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated intratracheally with avian influenza virus (AIV) isolates of either low or high pathogenicity. Viruses of low pathogenicity, previously characterized as mildly pathogenic (MP), included A/chicken/Pennsylvania/21525/83 (H5N2) (MP-Penn) and A/chicken/Alabama/7395/75 (H4N8) (MP-Alab). Viruses of high pathogenicity included A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2), A/chicken/Victoria/A185/85 (H7N7), and A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66 (H5N9). Extremely variable clinical signs ranging from mild respiratory distress to high mortality were present among chickens inoculated with these viruses. Chickens inoculated with highly pathogenic (HP) virus had histologic lesions of necrosis and inflammation in cloacal bursa, thymus, spleen, heart, pancreas, kidney, brain, trachea, lung, and skeletal muscle, whereas chickens inoculated with MP virus had histologic lesions most frequently in lung and trachea or lacked histologic lesions. Immunospecific staining for avian influenza viral proteins was most common in cells within heart, lung, kidney, brain, and pancreas of chickens inoculated with HP viruses, but immunospecific staining was present only and infrequently in trachea and lung of chickens inoculated with MP-Penn AIV. MP-Alab did not produce lesions nor have viral antigen in inoculated chickens but did produce serologic evidence of infection. The pattern of organ involvement and viral antigen distribution in chickens intratracheally inoculated with HP AIV isolates indicates a common capability to spread beyond the respiratory tract and confirms the pantrophic replicative, pathobiologic, and lethal nature of the viruses. However, variability in severity and lesion distribution exists between different HP AIVs. By contrast, MP viruses had the ability to replicate in respiratory or enteric tracts or both and produce lesions within the respiratory tract. These MP viruses exhibited a restricted ability to replicate or produce lesions or both in nonrespiratory or nonenteric tissues; such effects were associated with only sporadic deaths. C1 ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,USDA,ATHENS,GA 30605. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30605. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT AVIAN MED,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 38 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.2307/1592452 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WQ516 UT WOS:A1997WQ51600016 PM 9087329 ER PT J AU Buckles, EL Eaton, KA Swayne, DE AF Buckles, EL Eaton, KA Swayne, DE TI Cases of spirochete-associated necrotizing typhlitis in captive common rheas (Rhea americana) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE necrotizing typhlitis; Serpulina; spirochetes; rheas ID TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; ENTERITIS; CHICKENS AB Ceca from greater or common rheas (Rhea americana) with gastrointestinal disease were collected from diagnostic labs and avian pathologists across the United States. The ceca were evaluated for the presence of spirochetes and necrosis using hematoxylin and eosin stain or Warthin-Starry silver-stained tissue sections and anaerobic culture. Spirochete-associated necrotizing typhlitis was documented in II scares. Most cases were reported in the summer and fall and occurred in rheas less than 5 mo of age. Spirochetes isolated from ceca with necrosis were either strongly or weakly beta-hemolytic. All spirochetes isolated from ceca without necrosis were weakly beta-hemolytic. Rheas might be host to both pathogenic and nonpathogenic spirochetes. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET BIOSCI,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. ARS,USDA,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.2307/1592454 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WQ516 UT WOS:A1997WQ51600018 PM 9087331 ER PT J AU Witter, RL AF Witter, RL TI Increased virulence of Marek's disease virus field isolates SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; pathotype; virulence; virus; chicken; vaccine; poultry ID VACCINATED CHICKENS; EFFICACY; STRAINS; ANTIBODIES; TRIALS; SAFETY AB The continuation of an apparent evolutionary trend of Marek's disease virus (MDV) towards greater virulence may explain recent increased losses from Marek's disease (MD) in vaccinated flocks. To address this question, the virulence of 31 isolates of serotype 1 MDV obtained from layer or broiler flocks between 1987 and 1995 were characterized. Each isolate was cultured in duck embryo fibroblasts for four to six passages, and ascertained to be free from contamination with avian retroviruses, chicken anemia virus, and MDVs of other serotypes. The viruses, along with prototype viruses JM/102W and Md5, were tested for virulence by inoculation at 6 days of age into laboratory strain 151(5) x 7, chickens of three types: nonvaccinated, vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and bivalent (HVT+SB-1)-vaccinated. The results showed that three isolates did not differ from JM/102W and were classified in the virulent (vMDV) pathotype. Twenty-one isolates produced significantly higher levels of MD in HVT-vaccinated chickens than did the JM/102W control and were classified in the very virulent (vvMDV) pathotype. Seven isolates, five of which were isolated in 1994 or 1995, produced significantly higher levels of MD in bivalent-vaccinated chickens than did the Md5 (vvMDV) control. These isolates, provisionally designated as the vv+ MDV pathotype, appeared to be at the high end of a virulence continuum. Several MD response parameters, including lymphoma mortality early mortality with bursal/ thymic atrophy, and frequency of visceral lymphomas or ocular lesions in nonvaccinated chickens were positively correlated with virulence. These findings support the continued evolution of MDV towards greater virulence. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 47 TC 327 Z9 361 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.2307/1592455 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WQ516 UT WOS:A1997WQ51600019 PM 9087332 ER PT J AU Meteyer, CU Docherty, DE Glaser, LC Franson, JC Senne, DA Duncan, R AF Meteyer, CU Docherty, DE Glaser, LC Franson, JC Senne, DA Duncan, R TI Diagnostic findings in the 1992 epornitic of neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants from the upper midwestern United States SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease; Newcastle disease virus; paramyxovirus type 1; double-crested cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; viral encephalitis ID BIRDS AB Neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease (NVND) occurred in juvenile double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus, simultaneously in nesting colonies in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska and in Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron, and Ontario during the summer of 1932. Mortality as high as 80%-90% was estimated in some of the nesting colonies. Clinical signs observed in 4- to -6wk-old cormorants included torticollis, tremors, ataxia, curled toes, and paresis or weakness of legs, wings or both, which was sometimes unilateral. No significant mortality or unusual clinical signs were seen in adult cormorants. Necropsy of 88 cormorants yielded no consistent gross observations. Microscopic lesions in the brain and spinal cord were consistently present in all cormorants from which Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated. Characteristic brain lesions provided rapid identification of new suspect sites of NVND. Lesions were also present in the heart, kidney, proventriculus, spleen, and pancreas bur were less consistent or nonspecific. NDV was isolated at the National Wildlife Health Center from 27 of 93 cormorants rested. Virus was most frequently isolated from intestine or brain tissue of cormorants submitted within the first 4 wk of the epornitic. Sera collected from cormorants with neurologic signs were consistently positive for NDV antibody. The NDV isolate from cormorants was characterized as NVND virus at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, Iowa. The NVND virus was also identified as the cause of neurologic disease in a North Dakota turkey hock during the summer of 1992. Although no virus was isolated from cormorants rested after the first month of submissions, brain and spinal cord lesions characteristic of NVND were observed in cormorants from affected sires for 2 mo, at which time nesting colonies dispersed and no more submissions were received. Risk to susceptible populations of both wild avian species and domestic poultry makes early recognition and confirmation of NVND in wild birds a priority. C1 ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,NATL VET SERV LABS,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. RP Meteyer, CU (reprint author), USGS,BIOL RESOURCES DIV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH CTR,6006 SCHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.2307/1592457 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WQ516 UT WOS:A1997WQ51600021 PM 9087334 ER PT J AU Ziprin, RL Kogut, MH AF Ziprin, RL Kogut, MH TI Efficacy of two avian Salmonella-immune lymphokines against liver invasion in chickens by Salmonella serovars with different O-group antigens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE lymphokines; cytokines; O-antigens; chicks; salmonellosis; Typhimurium; Anatum; Enteritidis ID LEGHORN CHICKS AB Newly hatched chicks are susceptible to organ invasion by various serovars of Salmonella. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (SEILK) increased resistance to organ invasion by S, enteritidis (SE) in day-of-hatch chicks. In the present study, we determined that Salmonella-immune lymphokines can provide protection against organ invasion by serovars that are unrelated to the original serovar used as an immunogen. Immune lymphokines were produced from the splenic T cells of mature hens immunized with either viable SE or Salmonella anatum (SA). Day-of-hatch chicks were treated with either SA-immune lymphokine (SAILK) or SEILK and challenged per or with either Salmonella typhimurium (ST) or SE 1 hr later. Liver samples were aseptically collected 20 hr later and were cultured to detect salmonella. We found chat SAILK conferred resistance against invasion by either SE, a serogroup D organism, or ST, a serogroup B organism. Furthermore, SEILK reduced organ invasion by ST. These observations together reveal that the protection against organ invasion conferred by Salmonella-immune lymphokines is unrelated to the serovar-specific antigenic characteristics of the immunizing bacteria. RP Ziprin, RL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.2307/1592458 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WQ516 UT WOS:A1997WQ51600022 PM 9087335 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Porter, RE Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Porter, RE Holt, PS TI Applying tests for specific yolk antibodies to predict contamination by Salmonella enteritidis in eggs from experimentally infected laying hens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; chickens; eggs; antibodies ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PHAGE TYPE-4; SEROLOGICAL DETECTION; CHICKEN FLOCKS; POULTRY; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAKS; ANTIGEN; ELISA AB Detecting Salmonella enteritidis contamination in eggs has become the cornerstone of many programs for reducing egg-borne disease transmission, but egg culturing is time consuming and laborious. Preliminary screening tests are thus generally applied to minimize the number of flocks from which eggs must be cultured. The usefulness of such tests is directly proportional to both their detection sensitivity and their ability to predict the likelihood of egg contamination. In the present study, samples were collected for 24 days after groups of laying hens were orally inoculated with S. enteritidis. Eggs from each hen were cultured for S. enteritidis in the contents and samples of egg yolk were diluted and tested for specific antibodies to S. enteritidis flagella using both experimental and commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Samples of voided feces were also collected regularly from each bird and cultured for S. enteritidis. Although fecal shedding and egg yolk antibody production followed opposite patterns over time (fecal shedding was decreasing as egg yolk antibody titers were increasing), tests for both parameters were effective in predicting whether particular hens would lay contaminated eggs. Among hens that laid at least one egg contaminated by S. enteritidis, 82% were detected as infected by fecal culturing and 96% by the experimental egg yolk ELISA test. Using easily collected samples, egg yolk antibody testing offers a rapid and effective screening method for identifying S. enteritidis-infected laying flocks that might lay contaminated eggs. C1 PURDUE UNIV,ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.2307/1592460 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WQ516 UT WOS:A1997WQ51600024 PM 9087337 ER PT B AU Mycock, DJ Berjak, P Pammenter, NW Vertucci, CW AF Mycock, DJ Berjak, P Pammenter, NW Vertucci, CW BE Ellis, RH Black, M Murdoch, AJ Hong, TD TI Cryopreservation of somatic embryoids of Phoenix dactylifera SO BASIC AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF SEED BIOLOGY SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Seeds CY SEP 15, 1995 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Annals Bot Co, CABI, Univ Reading, Dept Agr, Elsoms Seeds, Gatsby Fdn, Germains, Hilleshog, Int Sci Fdn, Kluwer Acad Publ, Marcel Dekker, Maribo Seed, PBI, Royal Soc, Sharpes Int Seeds, Zeneca Seeds HO UNIV READING AB Late globular/early torpedo stage date palm embryoids can continue normal growth and development after cryopreservation provided they are pre-treated with a cryoprotectant mixture of glycerol and sucrose and then dried to water contents in the range of 0.4-0.7 g.g(-1). The embryoids were frozen by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. Although further drying allows for 100% recovery, growth is in the form of unorganized callus. Tissues frozen at extremely rapid rates (by immersion in liquid freon) retain cytoskeletal structures, whereas material frozen at slower rates (in liquid nitrogen) appear to lose this subcellular system. The slow recovery rate of material frozen in liquid nitrogen could, in part, be due to reconstitution of this subcellular matrix. C1 UNIV NATAL,DEPT BIOL,ZA-4001 DURBAN,SOUTH AFRICA. USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Mycock, DJ (reprint author), UNIV WITWATERSRAND,DEPT BOT,JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4363-8 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1997 VL 30 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH23T UT WOS:A1997BH23T00009 ER PT B AU Verhey, SD WalkerSimmons, MK AF Verhey, SD WalkerSimmons, MK BE Ellis, RH Black, M Murdoch, AJ Hong, TD TI Abscisic acid-mediated responses in seeds involving protein kinases and phosphatases SO BASIC AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF SEED BIOLOGY SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Seeds CY SEP 15, 1995 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Annals Bot Co, CABI, Univ Reading, Dept Agr, Elsoms Seeds, Gatsby Fdn, Germains, Hilleshog, Int Sci Fdn, Kluwer Acad Publ, Marcel Dekker, Maribo Seed, PBI, Royal Soc, Sharpes Int Seeds, Zeneca Seeds HO UNIV READING AB In this report we discuss recent developments in our work on PKABA1, an abscisic acid (ABA) upregulated protein kinase expressed in wheat seed embryos. We also describe other protein kinases, including ATCDPK1 and ATCDPK2, and Aspk9 and Aspk10; and a protein phosphatase, abil, that have been linked to abscisic acid-mediated effects in seeds. RP Verhey, SD (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,209 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4363-8 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1997 VL 30 BP 225 EP 233 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH23T UT WOS:A1997BH23T00026 ER PT B AU Schmidt, JO AF Schmidt, JO BE Mizrahi, A Lensky, Y TI Bee products: Chemical composition and application SO BEE PRODUCTS: PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS, AND APITHERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Bee Products - Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy CY MAY 26-30, 1996 CL TEL AVIV, ISRAEL SP Israel Honey Prod & Mkt Board, Israeli Beekeepers Assoc RP Schmidt, JO (reprint author), ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,USDA,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45502-1 PY 1997 BP 15 EP 26 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BH18Y UT WOS:A1997BH18Y00002 ER PT J AU Wongsiri, S Lekprayoon, C Thapa, R Thirakupt, K Rinderer, TE Sylvester, HA Oldroyd, BP Booncham, U AF Wongsiri, S Lekprayoon, C Thapa, R Thirakupt, K Rinderer, TE Sylvester, HA Oldroyd, BP Booncham, U TI Comparative biology of Apis andreniformis and Apis florea in Thailand SO BEE WORLD LA English DT Article ID CERANA; FABRICIUS; HONEYBEE; DORSATA; QUEENS; SMITH AB The existence of two species of dwarf honey bees has only recently generally been accepted. Since they coexist in many locations, this leads to the question of how they differ so that they can both be present. This article presents a comparison of the biology of these species, particularly as they occur in Thailand. We do this to highlight what we do not know about these two very similar species, as well as what we do know. C1 CHULALONGKORN UNIV,BEE BIOL RES UNIT,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND. USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. UNIV SYDNEY,SCH BIOL SCI,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. NARESUAN UNIV,FAC AGR NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM SCI,PHITSANULOK,THAILAND. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WR097 UT WOS:A1997WR09700005 ER PT J AU Oldroyd, BP Clifton, MJ Wongsiri, S Rinderer, TE Sylvester, HA Crozier, RH AF Oldroyd, BP Clifton, MJ Wongsiri, S Rinderer, TE Sylvester, HA Crozier, RH TI Polyandry in the genus Apis, particularly Apis andreniformis SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polyandry; multiple mating; Apis; behavioral dominance; microsatellites ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; HONEY-BEE COLONIES; MELLIFERA L; SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; SPERM UTILIZATION; TASK SPECIALIZATION; MATING-BEHAVIOR; DRONE FLIGHT; EVOLUTION AB Using four polymorphic microsatellite loci, we found that four Apis andreniformis queens collected in Thailand each mated at least 10-20 times, producing an average relatedness, g(ww), of workers of 0.30 +/- 0.007, and an average effective number of matings of 9.1 +/- 2.2. The degrees of polyandry and intracolonial genetic relatedness in A. andreniformis are similar to those in A. mellifera, slightly more than in A. por err, and up to 6 times less than in A. dorsata. We argue that while presently favoured hypotheses for the evolution of polyandry in monogynous social insects may adequately explain the evolution of up to five or six matings, they are inadequate to explain the extreme polyandry (10-60 matings) observed in Apis. One alternative possibility is that colony fitness is a non-additive function of the fitness of individual subfamilies. Such behavioral over-dominance may mean that queen fitness is increased by high levels of polyandry, which increase the probability of desirable combinations of worker genotypes occurring in one colony. The special attributes of honey bees which may lead to behavioral over-dominance include colony aggregation (which may increase the incidence of disease), and frequent long-distance migration. C1 CHULALONGKORN UNIV, FAC SCI, BEE BIOL RES UNIT, BANGKOK 10330, THAILAND. USDA ARS, HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB, BATON ROUGE, LA 70820 USA. LA TROBE UNIV, SCH GENET & HUMAN VARIAT, BUNDOORA, VIC 3083, AUSTRALIA. RP Oldroyd, BP (reprint author), UNIV SYDNEY, SCH BIOL SCI, MACLEAY BLDG A12, SYDNEY, NSW 2006, AUSTRALIA. RI Crozier, Ross/C-6773-2009 NR 89 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s002650050311 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA WF237 UT WOS:A1997WF23700003 ER PT J AU Poverene, MM Voigt, PW AF Poverene, MM Voigt, PW TI Isozyme variation and germplasm relationships in the Eragrostis curvula complex SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lovegrasses; biosystematics ID SEED PROTEINS; ELECTROPHORESIS; APOMIXIS; POACEAE AB Eragrostis curvula germplasm includes a diversity of forms whose biosystematic relationships remain obscure. Because the E. curvula complex reproduces primarily by apomixis, morphological characters may be insufficient to assess biological affinities among them. Seed isozyme analysis of 52 strains, including several different morphological types, and 24 hybrids provided useful descriptors. Distinct bands were found for each of those types and were used as isozyme markers. Cluster analysis revealed similarities within and among types in agreement with morphological characters. Principal coordinate analysis showed a distribution of variability within the complex and supported the existence of genetic groups based on ploidy level, mode of reproduction and isozyme bands. Results also provided new information about the genetic relationships of certain materials whose morphological characteristics were intermediate and allowed detection of misclassified strains. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CONSEJO NACL INVEST CIENT & TECN,CERZOS,RA-8000 BAHIA BLANCA,ARGENTINA. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP Poverene, MM (reprint author), UNIV NACL SUR,DEPT AGRON,RA-8000 BAHIA BLANCA,ARGENTINA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 21 EP & DI 10.1016/S0305-1978(96)00089-0 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA WL424 UT WOS:A1997WL42400003 ER PT J AU Han, D Handelman, G Marcocci, L Sen, CK Roy, S Kobuchi, H Tritschler, HJ Flohe, L Packer, L AF Han, D Handelman, G Marcocci, L Sen, CK Roy, S Kobuchi, H Tritschler, HJ Flohe, L Packer, L TI Lipoic acid increases de novo synthesis of cellular glutathione by improving cystine utilization SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article DE ASC transporter; cysteine uptake; Jurkat cells; peripheral blood lymphocytes; thiols; x(c)(-) transporter AB Lipoic acid (thiotic acid) is being used as a dietary supplement, and as a therapeutic agent, and is reported to have beneficial effects in disorders associated with oxidative stress, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We present evidence that lipoic acid induces a substantial increase in cellular reduced glutathione in cultured human Jurkat T cells, human erythrocytes, C6 glial cells, NB41A3 neuroblastoma cells, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. The effect depends on metabolic reduction of lipoic acid to dihydrolipoic acid. Dihydrolipoic acid is released into the culture medium where it reduces cystine. Cysteine thus formed is readily taken up by the neutral amino acid transport system and utilized for glutathione synthesis. By this mechanism lipoic acid enables cystine to bypass the x(c)(-) transport system, which is weakly expressed in lymphocytes and inhibited by glutamate. Thereby lipoic acid enables the key enzyme of glutathione synthesis, gamma -glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is regulated by uptake-limited cysteine supply, to work at optimum conditions. Flow cytometric analysis of freshly prepared human peripheral blood lymphocytes, using monobromobimane labeling of cellular thiols, reveals that lipoic acid acts mainly to normalize a subpopulation of cells severely compromised in thiol status rather than to increase thiol content beyond physiological levels. Hence lipoic acid may have clinical relevance in restoration of severely glutathione deficient cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA HNRC, Antioxidant Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biochem Sci A Rossi Fanelli, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, CNR, Ctr Mol Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Kuopio, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. ASTA Med AG, D-60314 Frankfurt, Germany. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Dept Physiol Chem, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Packer, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 251 Life Sci Addit, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sen, Chandan/A-8762-2013; Roy, sashwati/E-3990-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 47597]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK50430] NR 63 TC 227 Z9 239 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 321 EP 338 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA V3164 UT WOS:000171771800003 PM 9288403 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Cartwright, B Webber, CL AF Russo, VM Cartwright, B Webber, CL TI Mulching effects on erosion of soil beds and on yield of autumn and spring planted vegetables SO BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WEED-CONTROL; STALE AB Weather conditions in the spring may interfere with commercial vegetable planting. Autumn mulching of beds in preparation for planting may improve vegetable yields. This study was conducted to determine if application of synthetic or organic mulches to autumn-prepared beds affected bed erosion and yield of autumn and/or spring-planted crops. Autumn-prepared beds were left bare or mulched with either a synthetic adhesive, chipped kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) with and without adhesive, or black polyethylene mulch. Onion [Allium cepa (L.) Cepa group, cv. Walla Walla Sweet] was seeded in the autumn or transplanted in the spring. Bell pepper (Capsium annuum var. annuum L., cv. Pip) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group, cv. Solid Blue 770) were transplanted in the spring. Only polyethylene mulch in one year prevented erosion. Mulching did not consistently affect soil temperature at planting in both years. Spring weed cover on polyethylene mulch and kenaf beds, with or without adhesive, was congruent to 17% of bare and adhesive-only-mulched beds. Crop yields on bare beds were comparable to, or better than, other treatments. Weed control was required on all treatments except polyethylene mulch. Autumn bed preparation without mulching, followed by spring herbicide application, appears to be the most efficient method for autumn and/or spring planting of vegetables at this location. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU A B ACADEMIC PUBL PI OXFORD PA PO BOX 42 BICESTER, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX6 7NW SN 0144-8765 J9 BIOL AGRIC HORTIC JI Biol. Agric. Hortic. PY 1997 VL 14 IS 2 BP 85 EP 93 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XJ645 UT WOS:A1997XJ64500001 ER PT J AU Honeycutt, CW AF Honeycutt, CW TI Quantifying total, N, and non-N related crop rotation effects without N-15 SO BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; CORN AB The N benefits attributed to legumes in crop rotations are often overestimated because the technique for quantifying this benefit without N-15 includes rotation effects not directly related to N. This study was conducted to test an approach proposed in the literature for delineating such effects without requiring the use of N-15. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L, cv. Norwis) was grown continuously and in two-year rotations with alfalfa (Medicago saliva L. cv. Nitro), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), or white lupin (Lupinus albus L, cv. Ultra). Potato was fertilized with 0, 90, or 180 kg N ha(-1) as (NH4)(2)SO4. The total, N, and non-N effects of crop rotation were calculated based on tuber dry weight and plant N uptake for the rotation systems and the tuber dry weight vs. plant N uptake relationship for continuous potato. The total effect of crop rotation generally declined upon increasing N fertilizer from 0 to 90 kg N ha(-1), apparently due to decreasing importance of the N effect with added fertilizer. Non-N related effects mostly remained static across fertilization regimes. Those effects attributed to N generally declined upon adding 90 kg N ha(-1) in a relatively dry year; and upon adding 90 and 180 kg N ha(-1) in a year with more favorable precipitation. Calculated N effects with no N fertilizer reflected the quantity and quality of legume crop residues. This method does allow assessment of total, N, and non-N related rotation effects. However, the approach appears sensitive to climatic conditions, and data should only be subjected to analysis where a yield response to N exists. RP Honeycutt, CW (reprint author), UNIV MAINE, USDA ARS, NEW ENGLAND PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB, ORONO, ME 04469 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU A B ACADEMIC PUBL PI BICESTER PA OLD VICARAGE, CHURCH ST, BICESTER OX26 6A4, ENGLAND SN 0144-8765 J9 BIOL AGRIC HORTIC JI Biol. Agric. Hortic. PY 1997 VL 14 IS 2 BP 125 EP 137 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XJ645 UT WOS:A1997XJ64500004 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Michels, GJ AF Elliott, NC Michels, GJ TI Estimating aphidophagous coccinellid populations in alfalfa SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; sampling; sweepnet; alfalfa IPM ID PREDATORS; REMOVAL; DENSITY AB Precise yet time-efficient sampling methods for coccinellids would be useful in integrated pest management (IPM) research and decision-making in alfalfa. We compared quadrat sampling, removal sampling, counting coccinellids for a constant amount of time while walking slowly through a field (timed counts), and sweepnet sampling for estimating adult and larval coccinellid density in alfalfa. Removal sampling gave biased estimates of density of adult Coleomegilla maculata Degeer, but gave acceptable estimates of density of adults of other species. Regression models were developed to convert relative population estimates of adult and larval coccinellids obtained by sweepnet and timed count sampling to absolute population estimates (number per m(2)). For adults, plant height was included in the best regression models for converting sweepnet catch and timed counts to population density, For larvae, plant growth stage was included in the best regression model for converting sweepnet catch to density. The number of aphids per 10 sweeps was included in the model for converting timed counts of larvae to density; however this model was of little value because it explained only 13% of the variation in the relationship between timed counts and population density. Coefficients of determination of regression models for estimating adult density from timed count and sweepnet sampling were 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. The model for converting sweepnet catch of larvae had a coefficient of determination of 0.71. In terms of statistical precision achieved per unit time spent sampling, a 25-sweep sample was the most efficient sample unit for estimating adult density. A double la-min removal sample was most efficient for sampling larvae, but this method gave biased estimates of larval density, and overall, sweepnet sampling was better. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1006/bcon.1996.0493 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WB848 UT WOS:A1997WB84800006 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Center, TD AF Wheeler, GS Center, TD TI Growth and development of the biological control agent Bagous hydrillae as influenced by Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) stem quality SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control of weeds; dioecious hydrilla; Curculionidae; Bagous hydrillae; leaf toughness; nitrogen ID REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; SPECIALIST LEAFMINER; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; DIETARY NITROGEN; WEED SALVINIA; BOLL-WEEVIL; LEAF; LARVAE; MOTH; CURCULIONIDAE AB Plant quality of dioecious hydrilla was studied as a factor that may influence larval survival, growth, and development of the biological control agent Bagous hydrillae. Nitrogen content and stem toughness of hydrilla varied among the Rye sites studied and between summer and fall collections. The nitrogen content of hydrilla collected during summer ranged from 1.2 to 3.6% (dry weight) and during fall from 1.6 to 2.9%, Stem toughness ranged from 487 to 940 g/mm(2) during the summer and from 418 to 1442 g/mm(2) during the fall. The larvae of this weevil species required more time to complete development when fed hydrilla containing lower levels of nitrogen and tougher stemmed plants. Moreover; pupal and adult fresh weights were also reduced when the larvae were fed the poorer quality plants. Relative growth rates were reduced in larvae fed hydrilla of lower nitrogen level and tougher plants. Hydrilla plant quality constitutes an important factor that may limit the establishment and impact of this potential biological control agent. (C) 1997 Academic Press RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), ARS,USDA,AQUAT WEED RES UNIT,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1006/bcon.1996.0484 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WB848 UT WOS:A1997WB84800007 ER PT J AU Center, TD Grodowitz, MJ Cofrancesco, AF Jubinsky, G Snoddy, E Freedman, JE AF Center, TD Grodowitz, MJ Cofrancesco, AF Jubinsky, G Snoddy, E Freedman, JE TI Establishment of Hydrellia pakistanae (Diptera: Ephydridae) for the biological control of the submersed aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) in the southeastern United States SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE aquatic weeds; hydrilla control; biological control of weeds; Hydrellia pakistanae; Hydrilla verticillata; phytophagous insects; bioagent release techniques; Ephydridae; Hydrocharitaceae ID INSECTS; QUALITY; TESTS AB The Indian leaf-mining fly Hydrellia pakistanae Deonier was released in the United States during October 1987 as a potential agent for the biological control of the submersed aquatic plant, Hydrilla uerticillata (L.f.) Royle. Since then, nearly 3 million individuals have been released in four states at over 25 separate locations. Hydrellia pakistanae is now permanently established at many locations in Florida as well as other portions of the southeastern United States. Despite early failures, populations established from at least 70% of the release attempts. Modifications of rearing and release procedures that considered the biology of the agent in relation to various habitat characteristics facilitated successful establishment. (C) 1997 Academic Press C1 USAE,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS. BUR AQUAT PLANT CONTROL,FLORIDA DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35611. RP Center, TD (reprint author), ARS,USDA,AQUAT PLANT CONTROL RES UNIT,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1006/bcon.1996.0491 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WB848 UT WOS:A1997WB84800009 ER PT J AU Bull, CT Stack, JP Smilanick, JL AF Bull, CT Stack, JP Smilanick, JL TI Pseudomonas syringae strains ESC-10 and ESC-11 survive in wounds on citrus and control green and blue molds of citrus SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas syringae; biopesticide; biological control; population dynamics; Penicillium digitatum; Penicillium italicum; postharvest; Bio-Save; bacteria; lemon; orange ID POSTHARVEST BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT SIGNAL MOLECULES; PV SYRINGAE; SYRINGOMYCIN PRODUCTION; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; SYRB GENE; DEBARYOMYCES-HANSENII; CANDIDA-OLEOPHILA; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BIOCONTROL AB Two Pseudomonas syringae strains (ESC-10 and ESC-11) controlled green and blue molds of citrus caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, respectively, on both lemons and oranges. The efficacy of disease control by strain ESC-10 was superior to that of strain ESC-11. Application of strain ESC-10 reduced the incidence of green mold 31.1% more than application of strain ESC-11. Bio-Save 10, an EPA-registered product of EcoScience Corp. containing strain ESC-10 as its active ingredient, reduced the incidence of green and blue mold by 87.9% on lemons and by 58.6% on oranges compared to water-treated controls. Population sizes of both strains remained similar over 2 weeks in wounds on lemons. Population sizes of ESC-10 decreased within 1 week on the surface of lemons, whereas in wounds, the infection court of the green and blue mold fungi, the populations decreased more slowly. Population sizes of strain ESC-10 in wounds on lemons or oranges did not differ. Population dynamics of these bacteria were not predictive of their differential efficacy as biological control agents. (C) 1997 Academic Press C1 ECOSCI CORP,AMHERST,MA 01002. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 45 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1006/bcon.1996.0476 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WB848 UT WOS:A1997WB84800011 ER PT J AU Levander, OA Beck, MA AF Levander, OA Beck, MA TI Interacting nutritional and infectious etiologies of Keshan disease - Insights from Coxsackie virus B-induced myocarditis in mice deficient in selenium or vitamin E SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Selenium in Human Viral Diseases on Topic Selenium and Other Antioxidants in Viral Diseases CY APR 19-21, 1996 CL EUROPEAN ACAD, OTZENHAUSEN, GERMANY HO EUROPEAN ACAD DE selenium; vitamin E; cardiomyopathy; myocarditis; Keshan disease; coxsackie virus; viral evolution; quasispecies; oxidative stress; infection ID POST-WEANING UNDERNUTRITION; ENDEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS; FATTY-ACID; ADULT MICE; CHINA; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENT; CHILDREN; HEART AB In 1979, Chinese scientists reported that selenium had been linked to Keshan disease, an endemic juvenile cardiomyopathy found in China. However, certain epidemiological features of the disease could not be explained solely on the basis of inadequate selenium nutrition. Fluctuations in the seasonal incidence of the disease suggested involvement of an infectious agent. Indeed, a coxsackievirus B4 isolated from a Keshan disease victim caused more heart muscle damage when inoculated into selenium-deficient mice than when given to selenium-adequate mice. Those results led us to study the relationship of nutritional status to viral virulence. Coxsackievirus B3/0 (CVB3/0), did not cause disease when inoculated into mice fed adequate levels of Se and vitamin E. However, mice fed diets deficient in either Se or vitamin E developed heart lesions when infected with CVB3/0. To determine if the change in viral phenotype was maintained, we passaged virus isolated from Se-deficient hosts, designated as CVB3/0 Se-, back into Se-adequate hosts. The CVB3/0 Se- virus caused disease in Se-adequate mice. To determine if the phenotype change was due to changes in the viral genome, we sequenced viruses isolated from Se-deficient mice and compared them with the input CVB3/0 virus. Six point mutations differed between the parent strain and the recovered CVB3/0 Se- isolates. When the experiment was repeated using vitamin E-deficient mice, the same 6 point mutations were found. This is the first report of a specific host nutritional deficiency altering viral genotype. Keshan disease may be the result of several interacting causes including a dominant nutritional deficiency (selenium), other nutritional factors (vitamin E, polyunsaturated fatty acids), and an infectious agent (virus). C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP Levander, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 74 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1 BP 5 EP 21 DI 10.1007/BF02778980 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WX710 UT WOS:A1997WX71000005 PM 9152508 ER PT S AU Linkhart, BD Reynolds, RT AF Linkhart, BD Reynolds, RT BE Duncan, JR Johnson, DH Nicholls, TH TI Territories of flammulated owls (Otus flammeolus): Is occupancy a measure of habitat quality? SO BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OWLS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Biology and Conservation of Owls of the Northern Hemisphere CY FEB 05-09, 1997 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP USDA, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, US Dept Interior, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Bur Land Management, Manitoba Nat Resources, Environm Canada AB Annual territory occupancy by Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) in Colorado was evaluated from 1981-1996. Fourteen territories occurred within a 452 ha study area. Each year, three to six territories were occupied by breeding pairs and three to seven were occupied by unpaired males. Territories were occupied by breeding pairs a mean of 5.1 years (not necessarily consecutive) and by unpaired males a mean of 3.9 years (not necessarily consecutive). Territories most consistently occupied by breeding pairs contained the highest percentage of old (200-400 years) ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir, whereas territories least occupied by breeding pairs contained the least amount of this vegetation type. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Linkhart, BD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 190 BP 250 EP 254 PG 5 WC Ecology; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BM08A UT WOS:000077557600038 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ AF Schreiner, RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ TI Mycorrhizae, biocides, and biocontrol .3. Effects of three different fungicides on developmental stages of three AM fungi SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhiza; fungicides; Glomus; Gigaspora; benomyl; captan; pea; Pisum sativum; pentachloronitrobenzene ID VA-MYCORRHIZAL; ROOT LENGTH; FOSETYL-AL; BENOMYL; GROWTH; METALAXYL; CARBENDAZIM; PESTICIDES; SYMBIOSIS; INFECTION AB The effects of biocide use on nontarget organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, are of interest to agriculture, since inhibition of beneficial organisms may counteract benefits derived from pest and disease control. Benomyl, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and captan were tested for their effects on the germination and early hyphal growth of the AM fungi Glomus entunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.). Gerd. and Trappe and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol & Schenck) in a silty-clay loam soil placed in petri plates. Application of fungicides at 20 mg active ingredient (a.i.) kg(-1) soil inhibited spore germination by all three AM-fungal isolates incubated on unsterilized soil for 2 weeks. However, fungicides applied at 10 mg a.i. kg(-1) soil had variable effects on AM-fungal isolates. Fungicide effects on germination and hyphal growth of G. etunicatum were modified by soil pasteurization and CO2 concentration in petri plates and also by placing spores below the soil surface followed by fungicide drenches. Effects of fungicides on mycorrhiza formation and sporulation of AM fungi, and the resulting host-plant response, were evaluated in the same soil in associated pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Fungicides applied at 20 mg a.i. kg(-1) soil did not affect the root length colonized by G. etunicatum, but both benomyl and PCNB reduced sporulation by this fungus. Benomyl and PCNB reduced the root length colonized by G. rosea at 48 and 82 days after transplanting. PCNB also reduced G. mosseae-colonized root length at 48 and 82 days, but benomyl only affected root length colonized by G. mosseae at the earlier time point. Only PCNB reduced sporulation by G. mosseae, consistent with its effect on root length colonized by this fungus. captan reduced the root length colonized by G. rosea at 48 days, but not at 82 days, and reduced colonization by G. mosseae at 82 days, but not at 48 days. Captan did not affect sporulation by any of the fungi. G. rosea spore production was highly variable, but benomyl appeared to reduce sporulation by this fun Overall, G. etunicatum was the most tolerant to fungicides in association with pea plants in this soil, and G. rosea the most sensitive. Benomyl and PCNB were overall more toxic to these fungi than captan. Interactions of AM fungi and fungicides were highly variable and biological responses depended on fungus-fungicide combinations and on environmental conditions. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), AGR RES & EDUC SERV, USDA, HORT CROPS RES LAB, 3420 NW ORCHARD AVE, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JAN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1007/BF01420215 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WJ537 UT WOS:A1997WJ53700003 ER PT J AU Wilson, ME Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL Ford, SP AF Wilson, ME Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL Ford, SP TI Identification of a gene differentially expressed during elongation of the pig conceptus. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500064 ER PT J AU Garrett, WM Mack, SO Rohan, RM Guthrie, HD AF Garrett, WM Mack, SO Rohan, RM Guthrie, HD TI In situ analysis of the changes in expression of pig ovarian inhibin subunit mRNAs during the early luteal phase. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT SURG,BOSTON,MA 02114. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500147 ER PT J AU Mack, SO Garrett, WM Guthrie, HD AF Mack, SO Garrett, WM Guthrie, HD TI Analysis of pubertal changes in steroid 5 alpha-reductase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/(Delta 5-4)isomerase, and cytochrome P-450(17 alpha) mRNA expression in rat testis by in situ hybridization. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. AGR RES SERV,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500161 ER PT J AU Zanella, EL Lunstra, DD Wise, T Kinder, JE Ford, JJ AF Zanella, EL Lunstra, DD Wise, T Kinder, JE Ford, JJ TI Effects of GNRH antagonist (SB75) on gonadotropin and steroid secretion in boars. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500173 ER PT J AU Turzillo, AM Roberts, AJ Echternkamp, SE Nett, TM AF Turzillo, AM Roberts, AJ Echternkamp, SE Nett, TM TI Pituitary concentrations of mRNAs encoding GnRH receptor and gonadotropin subunits during the preovulatory period in normal cows and cows selected for twinning. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,ANIM REPROD & BIOTECHNOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. ARS,USDA,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 145 EP 145 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500185 ER PT J AU Li, MD Wise, TH Rohrer, G Ford, JJ AF Li, MD Wise, TH Rohrer, G Ford, JJ TI Molecular identification and characterization of a novel FSH-beta allele in Chinese pig breeds. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. MINNEAPOLIS MED RES FDN INC,ENDOCRINE RES LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. HENNEPIN CTY MED CTR,DEPT MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500188 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Smith, TP Sonstegard, TS Christenson, RK Pearson, PL Klemcke, HG AF Vallet, JL Smith, TP Sonstegard, TS Christenson, RK Pearson, PL Klemcke, HG TI Porcine uterine folate binding protein: Folate binding, cloning of a partial cDNA, and mRNA expression during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500196 ER PT J AU Edwards, JL Powell, AM Rexroad, CE AF Edwards, JL Powell, AM Rexroad, CE TI Alkaline phosphatase activity in preimplantation bovine embryos. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BARC,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 221 EP 221 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500260 ER PT J AU Gazal, OS Kouakou, B Amoah, EA Barb, CR Terrill, TH Barrett, JB Taras, EA Gelaye, S AF Gazal, OS Kouakou, B Amoah, EA Barb, CR Terrill, TH Barrett, JB Taras, EA Gelaye, S TI NMDA stimulates LH secretion in the goat. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. FT VALLEY STATE COLL,FT VALLEY,GA. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT DAIRY & ANIM SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 310 EP 310 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500349 ER PT J AU Bunch, TD Farrar, VR LaVoie, VA Reed, WA Stellflug, JN Wang, S White, KL AF Bunch, TD Farrar, VR LaVoie, VA Reed, WA Stellflug, JN Wang, S White, KL TI The development of in vivo produced ovine preimplantation embryos in modified synthetic oviductal fluid supplemented with various protein sources. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,CTR DEV & MOL BIOL,DEPT ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 424 EP 424 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500462 ER PT J AU Pearson, PL Christenson, RK Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL AF Pearson, PL Christenson, RK Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL TI Fetal age, breed and uterine environment effects on fetal pig liver protein secretion. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 443 EP 443 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500480 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Pearson, PL Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG Pearson, PL Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Effects of fetal age and uterine environment on porcine fetal erythropoiesis. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500481 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM Cooper, BS AF Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM Cooper, BS TI Inhibitors of interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme and other proteases attenuate apoptosis in cultured porcine granulosa cells. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1997 VL 56 SU 1 BP 569 EP 569 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG865 UT WOS:A1997XG86500605 ER PT J AU Mislevy, P Martin, FG Adjei, MB Miller, JD AF Mislevy, P Martin, FG Adjei, MB Miller, JD TI Harvest management effects on quantity and quality of Erianthus plant morphological components SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE tall grass; energycrop; biomass feedstock; harvest stage; crude protein; digestibility ID US-72-1153 ENERGYCANE; BIOMASS AB Lignocellulose materials can be readily produced under tropical and subtropical conditions and converted to a variety of fuels through bioconversion methods. However, biomass production and plant quality may differ between plant species and morphological components of plants. The objectives of these two experiments were to: (1) determine the influence of plant height at harvest on Erianthus arundinaceum (Retz) Jesw-IK76-110 dry biomass (DB) yield; and (2) monitor changes in tiller density, quantity and quality of plant components with increased plant height. Experiment (1) determined the influence of plant height when harvested at 1.2, 2.5 and 3.7 m, mature stage in October (4.9 m), mature stage in December (4.9 m, plus inflorescence), and an additional treatment harvested in October, which received half the total N (168 kg ha(-1)) annually on DB yield from 1987 to 1990. Experiment (2) treatments were to monitor changes in quantity and crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMD, estimate of soluble cell solids) of green leaf, dead leaf and stem plant components, leaf area index and tiller number at 0.6 m plant height increments to a final height of 4.3 m during 1987 and 1988. Treatments from both experiments of the study received 25 kg P and 93 kg K ha(-1) in one application and 336 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) in single or split applications applied annually prior to regrowth of each harvest. Plants repeatedly harvested at the 1.2 m height and mature stage in December (Experiment (1)) produced a 4-y average yield of 5.2 and 51.5 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) DB, respectively. These same two treatments had a yield reduction of 100% (plants died) and 1% between years 1 and 4. Leaf area index increased quadratically to a maximum of 17 at the 3.1 m plant height treatment. Percentage green leaf, total tillers and live tillers decreased quadratically, while dead leaf and dead tillers increased linearly and stem increased quadratically as plant height was delayed from 0.6 to 4.3 m. Crude protein and IVOMD of green leaf and stem decreased quadratically with plant maturity. Knowing the quantity and quality of plant components at various physiological stages can be important to biomass producers, who need to make logical field decisions regarding biomass feedstock that should be utilized immediately after a freeze or stockpiled for later use. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Mislevy, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, 3401 Expt Stn, Ona, FL 33865 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)00023-8 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA YV129 UT WOS:000071792300006 ER PT J AU Klopfenstein, NB Allen, KK Avila, FJ Heuchelin, SA Martinez, J Carman, RC Hall, RB Hart, ER McNabb, HS AF Klopfenstein, NB Allen, KK Avila, FJ Heuchelin, SA Martinez, J Carman, RC Hall, RB Hart, ER McNabb, HS TI Proteinase inhibitor II gene in transgenic poplar: Chemical and biological assays SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Populus; Agrobacterium; proteinase inhibitor; pest resistance; genetic engineering; neomycin phosphotransferase; Plagiodera versicolora ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; HYBRID POPLAR; BIOTYPE EVOLUTION; PEST RESISTANCE; POPULUS; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; INSECTS; REGENERATION; TUMEFACIENS AB Transgenic poplar lines were developed to investigate the role of a proteinase inhibitor in pest resistance of woody plants. Using an Agrobacterium binary vector system, the clone 'Hansen' (Populus alba L. x P. grandidentata Michx.) was transformed with chimeric genes containing the coding region of potato proteinase inhibitor II (PIN2) linked to either a bacterial nopaline synthase (nos) or a cauliflower mosaic virus (35S) promoter. All transferred DNA also contained a selectable marker in the form of a nos promoter linked to a neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) structural gene; The presence of the transferred PIN2 and NPT II sequences in poplar was confirmed for nine transgenic lines using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of PIN2 in leaves of transgenic poplar was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and western blots. Two unique polypeptides from transgenic poplar, of ca 8 kDa and ca 12 kDa, indicate that PIN2 was translated appropriately. Resistance to the imported willow leaf beetle was tested in Laboratory bioassays. The untransformed clone 'Hansen' and 11 transgenic lines were submitted to freshly hatched larvae to determine effects on pupal weight, larval development time and leaf area consumed. A significant difference from the untransformed clone in leaf area consumed was detected in one transgenic line, Tr665. Trends were indicated for several other transgenic lines for the other parameters. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, AMES, IA 50011 USA. UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV, DEPT FORESTRY, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP Klopfenstein, NB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA, US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, NATL AGROFORESTRY CTR, EAST CAMPUS, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. NR 69 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 299 EP 311 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)00004-4 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA XL878 UT WOS:A1997XL87800009 ER PT J AU Kopp, RF Abrahamson, LP White, EH Burns, KF Nowak, CA AF Kopp, RF Abrahamson, LP White, EH Burns, KF Nowak, CA TI Cutting cycle and spacing effects on biomass production by a willow clone in New York SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Salix; biomass; short-rotation intensive culture (SRIC); dedicated feedstock supply systems ID COPPICE SYSTEMS AB An experiment was established in central New York State in 1990 to determine cutting cycle and spacing effects on willow biomass production. Cutting cycles were annual, biennial and triennial, and spacings were 0.3 x 0.3, 0.3 x 0.9, and 0.6 x 1.1 m; biomass production and survival by willow clone SV1 (Salix dasyclados) were measured. Beginning in the second growing season, trees were fertilized with N, P and K, and irrigated. Willow clone SV1 harvested triennially with 0.3 x 0.9 m spacing yielded 71.3 odt ha(-1), an average annual production of 23.8 odt ha(-1) year(-1). Spacing of 0.3 x 0.9 m yielded the most biomass, but spacing differences were not significant for biomass production. Triennial harvesting was significantly more productive than cumulative production after 3 years with annual harvesting (64.5 versus 39.2 odt ha(-1)). Cumulative production from two biennial harvests was significantly larger than cumulative production from four annual harvests (64.3 versus 50.1 odt ha(-1)). Tree survival was similar among cutting cycles after five growing seasons, averaging 75%. Statistically significant differences in survival were detected among spacings, averaging 88, 80 and 57% at 0.60 by 1.1, 0.3 x 0.9 and 0.3 x 0.3 m spacings. respectively during 1994. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,WARREN,PA. RP Kopp, RF (reprint author), SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,FORESTRY DR,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 17 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 5 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(96)00077-3 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA XY448 UT WOS:A1997XY44800001 ER PT J AU Huang, X Xu, RD Hawley, MD Kramer, KJ AF Huang, X Xu, RD Hawley, MD Kramer, KJ TI Model insect cuticle sclerotization: Reactions of catecholamine quinones with the nitrogen-centered nucleophiles imidazole and N-acetylhistidine SO BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-ALANYLDOPAMINE; CUTICULAR SCLEROTIZATION; CROSS-LINKS; SIDE-CHAIN; ACETYLDOPAMINE; NMR; OXIDATION; ENZYMES; SOLIDS AB The catecholamines N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and N-beta-alanyldopamine (NBAD) are two precursors for quinonoios used as sclerotizing agents in insect cuticle. This study focused on the reaction pathways of the quinones of NADA and NBAD by using two nitrogen-centered nucleophiles, imidazole and N-acetylhistidine, to model cuticular proteins containing histidyl residues. The quinones were prepared by electrochemical oxidation, using either a coulometric microcell or a how-through cell. The reactions of the quinones with the nucleophiles were investigated at physiological pH using electrochemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic methods. The major products were purified by semipreparative Liquid chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be nucleophilic addition products of the quinones with the nucleophiles bonded to two carbons in the aromatic ring. The predominant products for both nucleophiles were C6 adducts of NADA and NBAD. C2 adducts of N-acetylhistidine were minor products. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. ARS,GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR,USDA,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP Huang, X (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0045-2068 J9 BIOORG CHEM JI Bioorganic Chem. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 179 EP 202 DI 10.1006/bioo.1997.1065 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YF018 UT WOS:A1997YF01800004 ER PT J AU Park, KK Goetsch, AL Patil, AR Kouakou, B Galloway, DL Johnson, ZB AF Park, KK Goetsch, AL Patil, AR Kouakou, B Galloway, DL Johnson, ZB TI Addition of carbonaceous feedstuffs to broiler litter before deep-stacking SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broiler litter; ruminants; nutritive value; digestibility ID RUMINANTS AB Different types and levels of carbonaceous feedstuffs mixed with broiler litter were incubated in a broiler litter deep-stack for 3 or 9 weeks to determine effects on nutrient composition, recovery and digestibility. Substrates were ground corn (C), whole corn, ground wheat, molasses (M), bermudagrass hay (B), wheat straw and 1:1 (dry matter) mixtures thereof (excluding whole corn and a B-wheat straw mixture) mixed at 10 or 20% of total dry matter with broiler litter Broiler litter incubated for 3 and 9 weeks had 110 and 106% (SE 1.2) nitrogen recovery, 98 and 118% (SE 1.0) acid detergent fiber nitrogen recovery, 91 and 85% (SE 0.8) neutral detergent fiber recovery, 132 and 148% (SE 4.1) neutral detergent soluble organic matter recovery and 81 and 75% (SE 1.1) in situ ruminal (48 h) neutral detergent fiber disappearance, respectively. In general, effects of C, whole corn and wheat were similar; as well as were those of B and wheat straw. Nitrogen recovery was increased by singular addition of M; associative effects of mixing M with other carbonaceous feedstuffs occurred; and M effects varied with level of addition and length of incubation (112, 131, 114, 124 and 123% with 10% substrate, and 114, 146, 116, 134 and 135% with 20% substrate (SE 1.50); (113, 133, 114, 124 and 127% with 3-week incubation, and 113, 144, 116, 134 and 131% with 9-week incubation (SE 1.50) for C, M, B, C-M and M-B, respectively). Recovery of acid detergent fiber N was increased by cereal grain inclusion (112, 100, 96, 111 and 107% with 10% substrate, and 125, 106, 84, 110 and 91% with 20% substrate (SE 3.4); 114, 103, 81, 113 and 105 with 3-week incubation, and 123, 103, 100, 109 and 93% with 9-week incubation (SE 3.42) for C, M, B, C-M and M-B, respectively). Molasses inclusion decreased neutral detergent fiber recovery more at 20 than 10% and at 9 vs 3 weeks of incubation (106, 76, 84, 81 and 75% with 10% substrate, and 111, 68, 86, 75 and 70% with 20% substrate; 107, 82, 88, 82 and 80% with 3-week incubation, and 110, 63, 83, 74 and 65% with 9-week incubation (SE 2.13) for C, M, B, C-M and M-B, respectively). Recovery of neutral detergent soluble organic matter generally varied inversely with neutral detergent fiber recovery. Molasses resulted in 48-h in situ ruminal neutral detergent fiber disappearance, greater than expected based on the disappearance of feedstuffs before deep-stacking (3-week incubation: 4, 15, 1, -1 and 4% difference (SE 0.88); 9-week incubation: -12, 3, -13, 1 and 0% difference with 10% substrate, and -10, 9, -11, 0 and 0% difference with 20% substrate (SE 1.21) for C, M, B, C-M and M-B, respectively). In conclusion, molasses addition resulted in a number of changes, suggesting improved nutritive value of broiler litter. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,USDA,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 59 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(96)00128-9 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA WQ740 UT WOS:A1997WQ74000003 ER PT J AU Mladenoff, DJ Haight, RG Sickley, TA Wydeven, AP AF Mladenoff, DJ Haight, RG Sickley, TA Wydeven, AP TI Causes and implications of species restoration in altered ecosystems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES REGION; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; POPULATION VIABILITY; FOREST; WISCONSIN; SONGBIRDS; MINNESOTA; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT C1 WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,PARK FALLS,WI 54552. UNIV WISCONSIN,LAND INFORMAT & COMP GRAPH FACIL,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP Mladenoff, DJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,FOREST LANDSCAPE ECOL LAB,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 60 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.2307/1313003 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA VZ101 UT WOS:A1997VZ10100004 ER PT J AU Toppozada, AR Wright, J Eldefrawi, AT Eldefrawi, ME AF Toppozada, AR Wright, J Eldefrawi, AT Eldefrawi, ME TI Evaluation of a fiber optic immunosensor for quantitating cocaine in coca leaf extracts SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE cocaine; biosensor; fluoroimmunoassay; Erythroxylum; coca ID IMMOBILIZATION; METABOLITES; BIOSENSOR; ANTIBODY; ASSAY AB A fiber optic evanescent fluoroimmunosensor was used to rapidly detect and quantitate coca alkaloids as cocaine equivalents in leaf extracts of five Erythroxylum species. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) made against benzoylecgonine (BE), a major metabolite of cocaine, was immobilized covalently on quartz fibers and used as the biological sensing element in the portable fluorometer. Benzoylecgonine-fluorescein (BE-FL) was used as the optical signal generator when it bound to the fiber. If present, cocaine competed for the mAb and interfered with the binding of BE-FL, thereby reducing the fluorescence transmitted by the fiber. Calibration curves were prepared by measuring (over 30 s) the rates of fluorescence increase in the absence, or presence of cocaine. Ethanol or acid extracts of dry coca leaves were assayed by this fiber optic biosensor, gas chromatography and a fluorescent polarization immune assay. Biosensor values of cocaine content of leaves from five Erythroxylum species were not significantly different from gas chromatography values, but had higher variance. The biosensor assay was rapid and did not require cleanup of the crude leaf extracts. Cocaine in acid extracts was reduced significantly after 4 weeks at 23 degrees C and after 3 weeks at 37 degrees C. Fibers (mAb-coated), stored at 37 degrees C in phosphate-buffered solution (0.02% NaN3), gave stable responses for 14 days. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Limited C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & EXPT THERAPEUT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACEUT SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA08222] NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(97)87057-1 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WB764 UT WOS:A1997WB76400004 PM 9011023 ER PT J AU Reshetilov, AN Iliasov, PV Donova, MV Dovbnya, DV Boronin, AM Leathers, TD Greene, RV AF Reshetilov, AN Iliasov, PV Donova, MV Dovbnya, DV Boronin, AM Leathers, TD Greene, RV TI Evaluation of a Gluconobacter oxydans whole cell biosensor for amperometric detection of xylose SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE amperometric microbial biosensor; Gluconobacter oxydans; lignocellulose; xylitol; xylose ID ALDOSE DEHYDROGENASE; GLUCOSE; MONOSACCHARIDES; ELECTRODE AB Whole cells of Gluconobacter oxydans were employed in a microbial sensor for xylose determinations using Clark-type electrodes. Bacterial cells were immobilized on chromatographic paper by simple physical adsorption and attached to the surface of the electrodes. The lower limit of xylose detection was approximately 0.5 mM and measurements were useful up to at least 20 mM xylose. Physiological buffers showed little effect on biosensor function. Responses were highly reproducible, showing a standard deviation of 67% over 10 consecutive measurements. Whole cell biosensors were relatively stable, retaining 60% of initial activity after 35 days of dry storage at 4 degrees C. Xylose detection was not significantly affected by the presence of xylitol, suggesting that biosensors will be useful in monitoring conversions of these compounds. However, glucose or ethanol elicited a 10-fold higher response than xylose at equal concentrations (1 mM). Such interfering materials will need to be controlled or concurrently monitored in specific sensor applications. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST MICROORGANISMS BIOCHEM & PHYSIOL,PUSHCHINO 142292,RUSSIA. RI Iliasov, Pavel/D-8956-2015 OI Iliasov, Pavel/0000-0002-1532-0272 NR 17 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(97)85342-0 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WJ264 UT WOS:A1997WJ26400010 ER PT J AU Flounders, AW Brandon, DL Bates, AH AF Flounders, AW Brandon, DL Bates, AH TI Patterning of immobilized antibody layers via photolithography and oxygen plasma exposure SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE antibodies; immobilization; immunosensors; photolithography; plasma processing; protein patterning ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SURFACES; PROTEIN; THIABENDAZOLE; FABRICATION; ELISA AB A novel technique for patterning immobilized antibody layers based upon photolithography and oxygen plasma exposure has been developed. Mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for thiabendazole (a post-harvest fungicide and veterinary anthelmintic) were covalently linked through free amine groups to aminosilanized silicon dioxide films using glutaraldehyde. Immobilized antibody layers were stabilized with sucrose, dehydrated, and stored refrigerated with desiccant. Photolithographic patterning was performed with a positive photoresist with modified bake temperatures and times, selective UV exposure with a contact mask, and aqueous alkaline solubilization of exposed resist. Exposed regions of immobilized antibody were then removed by exposure to a low power, radio frequency oxygen discharge. Residual resist was stripped with acetone. Successful patterning was demonstrated by challenging surfaces with goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated to tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Sucrose stabilization was necessary for antibody to undergo photoresist processing without loss of binding activity. Challenge with enzyme linked antigen of oxygen plasma exposed antibody layers demonstrated that plasma treatment completely neutralized antibody capture ability. Ellipsometry measurements of oxygen plasma exposed antibody layers indicated complete removal of immobilized antibodies. Fluorescent imaging demonstrated smallest line widths of 2-3 mu m. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 6 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(96)00064-4 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM390 UT WOS:A1997XM39000001 PM 9253151 ER PT J AU Skory, CD Wyckoff, HA AF Skory, CD Wyckoff, HA TI Fabrication of an autoclavable one-way valve for venting fermentation gases SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article RP Skory, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WC035 UT WOS:A1997WC03500017 PM 8994653 ER PT J AU Hsu, AF Foglia, TA Piazza, GJ AF Hsu, AF Foglia, TA Piazza, GJ TI Immobilization of lipoxygenase in an alginate-silicate solgel matrix: Formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION AB A method for the immobilization of lipoxygenase (LOX) in an alginate-silicate gel matrix was developed. In this method, a mixture of calcium alginate beads and LOX in berate buffer are dispersed into a hexane solution of tetramethoxy-ortho-silicate (TMOS). Hydrolysis of the TMOS gives products that permeate and co-polymerize with the alginate gel to form a colloid within the beads that entraps the LOX. Optimum reaction conditions for sol-gel entrapment of LOX are at pH 9.0 in 0.2M berate buffer. The composite gel, after isolation and vacuum drying, had excellent protein retention that has good enzyme activity and stability at room temperature. The activity of the entrapped LOX was less than the activity of the free enzyme. However, the activity of the immobilized LOX can be restored by the addition of berate buffer and glycerol, or berate buffer saturated with an organic solvent. In contrast to the free enzyme in solution, which loses its activity in less than one day, sol-gel entrapped LOX retains its activity at ambient temperature for at least 25 days and can be recycled. This report demonstrates that the sol-gel entrapment method for immobilizing LOX can be useful in developing a process for the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. RP Hsu, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 EI 1573-6776 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1023/A:1018323205733 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WJ004 UT WOS:A1997WJ00400016 ER PT J AU Freeman, DC Doust, JL ElKeblawy, A Miglia, KJ McArthur, ED AF Freeman, DC Doust, JL ElKeblawy, A Miglia, KJ McArthur, ED TI Sexual specialization and inbreeding avoidance in the evolution of dioecy SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Review ID THYMELAEA-HIRSUTA THYMELAEACEAE; SHRUB OEMLERIA-CERASIFORMIS; SSP SPICATA MALVACEAE; SPINACIA-OLERACEA L; IN-THE-PULPIT; FLOWERING PLANTS; ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; BIOMASS ALLOCATION AB Dioecy has evolved independently, many times, among unrelated taxa. It also appears to have evolved along two contrasting pathways: (1) from hermaphroditism via monoecy to dioecy and (2) from hermaphroditism via gynodioecy to dioecy. Most dioecious plants have close cosexual relatives with some means of promoting outcrossing (e.g., herkogamy, dichogamy, self-incompatibility, or monoecy). To the extent that these devices prevent inbreeding, the evolution of dioecy in these species cannot logically be attributed to selection for outcrossing. In these cases, the evolution of dioecy is, we believe, due to selection for sexual specialization. However, in other species, that lack outbreeding close relatives, dioecy may have evolved from gynodioecy (males and hermaphrodites) as an outbreeding device. Subsequent disruptive selection and selection for sexual specialization may have also shaped the evolution of dioecy from gynodioecy in these species, resulting in two genetically determined, constant sex morphs. Both pathways for the evolution of dioecy require the operation of disruptive selection, though the gynodioecy route involves more restrictive disruptive selection and a genetic designation of gender. In contrast, the monoecy route is not dependent on the genetic designation of two sex morphs, but, rather, allows the possibility of sexual intermediates and sexual lability. Both pathways produce one morph in which maleness is suppressed and another in which the female function is negligible or nonexistent-the reproductive mode recognized as dioecy. Evidence is presented here to support the thesis that instances of sexual lability, the presence of an array of sexual intermediates, sex-switching, and sexual niche segregation can be explained in terms of the pathway that was taken in the evolution of a particular dioecious species. In addition, the degree of sexual dimorphism seen in dioecious species is correlated with mode of pollination (insect- or wind-pollinated) and other ecologicaldecades of debate concerning causes for the evolution of dioecy may simply reflect the fact that different research groups have studied different types of plants. We believe that our thesis is in accord with the finding that most dioecious species arose via monoecy and that sex-changing and sexual lability occur only among the species that arose by that pathway. Whereas in the dioecious species that arose via gynodioecy, we have heard of no reports of sexual lability or sex-changing, or of sexual niche partitioning, whether that is based on environmental sex determination or patchy selection that favors males and females (or differential flowering of males and females) in contrasting microsites. However, we would caution at this point that we have emphasized the role of pollination biology in sexual selection and may not have paid sufficient attention to other ecological factors such as differential predation and competitive abilities, which may also be agents of sexual selection that favor sexual specialization (Cox, 1982). Thus both IA and sexual selection have been important in the evolution of plant reproductive systems, but the degree to which each has participated depends critically on functional aspects of the species' reproductive biology and their interplay with the environment. C1 UNIV WINDSOR, DEPT BIOL SCI, WINDSOR, ON N9B 3P4, CANADA. SUEZ CANAL UNIV, DEPT BIOL, AL ARISH, EGYPT. US FOREST SERV, SHRUB SCI LAB, USDA, PROVO, UT 84606 USA. RP Freeman, DC (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. NR 149 TC 112 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 63 IS 1 BP 65 EP 92 DI 10.1007/BF02857918 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WR853 UT WOS:A1997WR85300004 ER PT B AU Mackill, DJ Redona, ED AF Mackill, DJ Redona, ED BE Fukai, S Cooper, M Salisbury, J TI Genotype requirements for direct-seeded rice SO BREEDING STRATEGIES FOR RAINFED LOWLAND RICE IN DROUGHT-PRONE ENVIRONMENTS SE ACIAR PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Breeding Strategies for Rainfed Lowland Rice in Drought-Prone Environments CY NOV 05-08, 1996 CL UBON RATCHATHANI, THAILAND SP Austr Ctr Int Agr Res, Rainfed Lowland Rice Res Consortium, Dept Agr Thailand AB Cultivars developed for transplanted systems may perform well under direct seeding, but specific traits, such as seedling vigour, submergence tolerance, and drought resistance, are highly desirable for direct-seeded systems. Seedling vigour is essential for good stand establishment and competitive ability against weeds. Tolerance to submergence and drought, on the other hand, are important ill rainfed areas that are often subjected to flash flooding or long spells of dry weather. Quantitative trait loci for all these traits have been identified via linkage to molecular markers. Seedling vigour and drought resistance are complicated traits that involve many loci and genotype-by-environment interactions. Submergence tolerance is simply inherited and has been transferred from traditional cultivars into high-yielding breeding lines. Changes in plant type have been advocated, but the effects of these changes on performance are still tentative. Breeding nurseries should grow plants under direct-seeded conditions to intensify selection for adaptation to this system. C1 Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mackill, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AUSTRALIAN CENTRE INT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PI CANBERRA PA GPO BOX 1571, CANBERRA, 2601, AUSTRALIA BN 1-86320-201-3 J9 ACIAR PROC PY 1997 IS 77 BP 137 EP 143 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BK93C UT WOS:000073875500017 ER PT J AU Kirkbride, JH Wiersema, JH AF Kirkbride, JH Wiersema, JH TI Bobgunnia, a new African genus of tribe Swartzieae (Fabaceae, Faboideae) SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Review DE Bobgunnia; Swartzia; Swartzieae; Faboideae; Fabaceae ID SUBFAMILY PAPILIONOIDEAE; POLLEN MORPHOLOGY; LEGUMINOSAE; MADAGASCARIENSIS; PHYLOGENY; ALDINA AB A new genus, Bobgunnia, is established in tribe Swartzieae for the African species of Swartzia. Two new combinations are made: B. fistuloides and B. madagascariensis. The new genus has seeds, unlike the remainder of tribe Swartzieae but like the other tribes of Faboideae. The systematic position of Swartzieae is reevaluated. RP Kirkbride, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB, BARC W, ROOM 304, BLDG 011A, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. OI Wiersema, John/0000-0001-9383-2807 NR 102 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.2307/2807690 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WW134 UT WOS:A1997WW13400001 ER PT J AU Starr, CK Wilson, DD Severson, RF Kays, SJ AF Starr, CK Wilson, DD Severson, RF Kays, SJ TI Sexual dimorphism in the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL; ELEGANTULUS; PHEROMONE AB Cylas formicarius (F.) shows a strong overall sexual monomorophism, with external differences noted in only three organs: (a) relative size of the hind wings; (b) form of the antennal club and numbers of its different types of sensillum; and (c) size of the compound eyes and their individual facets. We relate these to known or predicted behavioural differences. Eye dimorphism is used to test a theoretical rule on the relationship between differences in overall eye size and in the size of individual ommatidia. Some sexually monomorphic features are briefly discussed, including two types of putatively sensory hairs not found on the antennae. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,TOBACCO QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 129 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WN557 UT WOS:A1997WN55700008 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC Nakamoto, RJ AF Harvey, BC Nakamoto, RJ TI Habitat-dependent interactions between two size-classes of juvenile steelhead in a small stream SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ASYMMETRICAL COMPETITION; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; PREDATION RISK; BROOK TROUT; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; FISH AB The presence of small steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss; averaging 55 mm fork length) influenced the growth of larger juvenile steelhead (90 mm fork length) during a 6-week experiment conducted in North Fork Caspar Creek, California, in summer 1994. In fenced replicate deep stream sections in this small stream, growth of the larger steelhead was greater in treatments in which small steelhead constituted half of the total biomass of fish than in treatments with an equal biomass comprised entirely of larger fish. In shallow habitats, growth of larger fish was lower in the presence of small fish. The growth of small fish was unaffected by the presence of larger juveniles and also was independent of habitat. Survival of both size-classes was high (70-90%) and unrelated to habitat or the presence of the other size-class. The advantage of large body size in intraspecific interactions among steelhead does not exist in all types of habitat, and interactions between the two size-classes may contribute to lower abundance of large juveniles in streams where aggradation reduces water depth. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 54 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1139/cjfas-54-1-27 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XB786 UT WOS:A1997XB78600003 ER PT J AU Takemoto, BK Bytnerowicz, A Dawson, PJ Morrison, CL Temple, PJ AF Takemoto, BK Bytnerowicz, A Dawson, PJ Morrison, CL Temple, PJ TI Effects of ozone on Pinus ponderosa seedlings: Comparison of responses in the first and second growing seasons of exposure SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; RADIAL GROWTH; SIERRA-NEVADA; AIR-POLLUTION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DROUGHT; SEQUOIA; INJURY AB The present study was conducted in 1989 and 1990 at Shirley Meadow, southern Sierra Nevada, California. The objective was to evaluate the effects of ozone (O-3) on the physiological and growth responses of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. (ponderosa pine) seedlings. Seedlings were exposed to three levels of O-3 in open-top chambers (charcoal-filtered air (CF), ambient O-3 (1 x O-3), or twice-ambient O-3 (2 x O-3)); 24-h average concentrations were similar to 20, similar to 60, and similar to 120 ppb, respectively. In the first growing season, current-year needles in plants exposed to 2 x O-3 exhibited greater needle injury, and periodic decreases in chlorophyll fluorescence and net photosynthesis, but no significant effects on plant growth. In the second growing season, 1-year-old needles of seedlings exposed to 2 x O-3 exhibited significant reductions in physiological and biochemical responses, and plant growth was decreased relative to plants exposed to CF and 1 x O-3. These findings indicate the potential for insidious O-3-caused growth declines in ponderosa pine seedlings after successive growing seasons. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,USDA,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Takemoto, BK (reprint author), CALIF AIR RESOURCES BOARD,DIV RES,POB 2815,SACRAMENTO,CA 95812, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-1-23 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD790 UT WOS:A1997XD79000003 ER PT J AU Sorensen, FC Webber, JE AF Sorensen, FC Webber, JE TI On the relationship between pollen capture and seed set in conifers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; DOUGLAS-FIR; POLLINATION MECHANISM; TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA; MATING SYSTEM; MORPHOLOGY; PINE; FREQUENCY; ORCHARD AB A log-log function (log Y = log a + b log X) is used to model the relationship between seed yield and pollen capture (PC) as estimated with field samplers. In this model, Y is seed yield, X is estimated PC, and log a and b are, respectively, intercept and slope of the linear relationship between log X and log Y. The model indicates that seed set increases rapidly with initial increase in PC, and closely approaches or reaches an asymptote at PC values that are low compared with maximum PCs measured in field situations. C1 BRITISH COLUMBIA MINIST FORESTS,RES BRANCH,GLYN RD RES STN,VICTORIA,BC V8W 3E7,CANADA. RP Sorensen, FC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-1-63 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD790 UT WOS:A1997XD79000008 ER PT J AU Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD AF Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD TI Predicting the crown shape of loblolly pine trees SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB A model to predict the crown shape of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees in stands is presented. Crown shape changes due to growth, competition, and age are modeled as functions of changes in individual tree characteristics. An average symmetrical vertical cross-sectional profile is assumed for practicality, which consists of outer and inner shape functions. The outer shape is modeled with a second-degree polynomial constrained to equal zero at the crown tip. Its flexibility allows the vertical movement of maximum crown radius due to competition. The essentially cone-shaped inner defoliated area of a loblolly pine crown is modeled as a straight line. The equation system allows determination of key crown measures such as maximum crown radius and its height, crown volume, and crown surface area. Fitted equations presented are valid for unthinned loblolly pine in Louisiana, U.S.A., stands, but the model, methodology, and results should be useful more generally. RP Baldwin, VC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,USDA,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 102 EP 107 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD790 UT WOS:A1997XD79000015 ER PT J AU Adams, WT Hipkins, VD Burczyk, J Randall, WK AF Adams, WT Hipkins, VD Burczyk, J Randall, WK TI Pollen contamination trends in a maturing Douglas-fir seed orchard SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Pollen contamination was investigated in one block (block 4) of a 10-block Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) seed orchard complex in western Oregon. Blocks (25 clones each) represent different breeding zones; thus, contaminant pollen sources not only included the adjacent natural stand of Douglas-fir, but also other blocks within the orchard complex. Stored seed lots from five crop years (i.e., 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990) were sampled (200 seeds each) and assayed at 11 allozyme loci. One seed lot (1982) was found to have a high proportion of seed contaminants and was discarded, leaving five crop years for comparison (including 1980 from a previous study). Despite large increases (up to 6-fold) in pollen production from the first commercial crop in 1980, levels of pollen contamination (m) in block 4 remained high and did not differ significantly among years (mean (m) over cap = 0.489, range 0.421-0.606). On average, 79% of the contaminants since 1985 came from the natural stand; 21% from other orchard blocks. Without spatial isolation from nonorchard pollen sources or intensive pollen management to limit contamination (e.g., bloom delay and supplemental mass pollination), levels of pollen contamination can be quite high, even in mature Douglas-fir seed orchards. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SIUSLAW NATL FOREST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP Adams, WT (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Burczyk, Jaroslaw/B-1686-2014; OI Burczyk, Jaroslaw/0000-0002-6899-2523 NR 18 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-1-131 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD790 UT WOS:A1997XD79000019 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Jennings, JC Anderson, JD AF Bailey, BA Jennings, JC Anderson, JD TI The 24-kDa protein from Fusarium oxysporum f sp. erythroxyli: Occurrence in related fungi and the effect of growth medium on its production SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium oxysporum; toxin; elicitor ID BIOSYNTHESIS-INDUCING ENDOXYLANASE; L CV XANTHI; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; SP LYCOPERSICI; PHYTOPHTHORA; INDUCTION; PURIFICATION; RESISTANCE; NECROSIS; XYLANASE AB A 24-kDa protein that elicits ethylene production and necrosis in leaves of dicotyledonous plants was previously purified from culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr. f.sp. erythroxyli. Antisera to the denatured 24-kDa protein detected 2.5 ng of the 24-kDa protein on Western blots at 100 000-fold dilutions. The antisera cross-reacted with a 24-kDa protein on Western blots of culture filtrates from three other F. oxysporum formae speciales. Of seven Fusarium species, only F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum Ellis and Kellerm., and F. avenaceum (Fr.:Fr.) Sacc. isolates produced an antigenically related 24-kDa protein. Although there were differences in the profiles of proteins extracted from stems of coca (Erythroxylum coca var. coca L. Lam.) infected with F. oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli compared with uninfected stems, antisera to the 24-kDa protein did not cross-react with any proteins from the infected coca stems. For the fungal isolates studied, the best medium tested for production of the 24-kDa protein contained 1% sucrose and 1% asparagine. Biological activity of the F. oxysporum culture filtrates on sweet basil leaves was consistently correlated with the presence of the 24-kDa protein. Production of the 24-kDa protein was limited in cultures containing pectin or cellulose as the primary carbon source, or in cultures lacking sucrose or casamino acids. Water-soluble extracts from coca stems inhibited production of the 24-kDa protein, whereas cellulose and pectin did not. Components produced by the plant may limit production of the 24-kDa protein in infected plant tissue and thereby limit the response of the plant to the fungus. These results suggest the 24-kDa protein does not function in the symptomatic phase of the F. oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli - coca disease interaction. C1 USDA ARS, WEED SCI LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA XB720 UT WOS:A1997XB72000007 PM 9057295 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA He, Y AF Campbell, TA He, Y TI Factorial analysis of self-incompatibility in alfalfa SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Medicago sativa L; autogamy; allogamy; hybrid ID SOMATIC EMBRYOS AB Self-incompatibility (seeds/pod and seeds/floret tripped) was evaluated in the growth chamber (27 degrees C) using a 6 x 6 factorial arrangement. Parents represented a broad range of self-compatibility and were selected on the basis of stability of autogamous seed production in the greenhouse and growth chamber. Additive genetic variation appeared to be most important, indicating that a mass selection scheme such as recurrent phenotypic selection would be effective in increasing levels of self-incompatibility in at least some alfalfa populations. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for seeds/pod and seeds/floret tripped were 0.23 (SE = 0.09) and 0.28 (SE 0.06), respectively. There is a direct relationship between autogamous seed production and pollen production, however, results of this experiment indicate that there may be considerable variation in pollen production, germination and vigor among self-incompatible clones. Increased seed set resulting from self-incompatible x self-incompatible crosses could be a function of greater gamete selection in the self-incompatible parents (due to deleterious genes), improved pollen germination, and hybrid vigor in pollen tube growth. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 77 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WL680 UT WOS:A1997WL68000009 ER PT J AU Hockensmith, RL Sheaffer, CC Marten, GC Halgerson, JL AF Hockensmith, RL Sheaffer, CC Marten, GC Halgerson, JL TI Maturation effects on forage quality of Kentucky bluegrass SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Poa pratense L; forage quality; perennial grass; leaves; stems ID PERENNIAL GRASSES; YIELD AB Kentucky bluegrass (Pea pratensis L.) is an important constituent of many permanent pastures in the northern United States and is an important source of livestock feed, but there is a paucity of information on its forage quality. The objective of this research was to assess changes with maturity in forage quality of whole herbage, leaves, and stems of Kentucky bluegrass compared with other important cool-season forage grasses. Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceae L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) were sampled weekly beginning in mid-May until each species reached milk stage. Kentucky bluegrass had the highest or was among the grasses with the highest average leaf percentage, and leaf, stem, and whole herbage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations; and lowest average whole herbage, leaf, and stem in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations compared with tall growing species. Kentucky bluegrass also had the slowest rates of change in leaf and stem concentration and in whole herbage IVDDM and NDF concentrations with maturity. Leaf concentration was negatively correlated with herbage NDF and ADL concentration, but was not correlated with herbage IVDDM and CP concentration. Relative to tall growing cool season grasses, Kentucky bluegrass is leafier, but it has poorer forage digestibility. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Hockensmith, RL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 14 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 77 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WL680 UT WOS:A1997WL68000010 ER PT J AU Patterson, BH Levander, OA AF Patterson, BH Levander, OA TI Naturally occurring selenium compounds in cancer chemoprevention trials: A workshop summary SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID NUTRITION INTERVENTION TRIALS; DISEASE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; SPONTANEOUS MAMMARY-TUMORS; SELENIFEROUS AREA; CHINA; SUPPLEMENTATION; MICE; LINXIAN; GENESIS; HEALTH AB Evidence from epidemiological studies and a human intervention trial indicates that selenium (Se) may have chemopreventive activity in humans, This report summarizes a workshop held by the National Cancer Institute to address the use of naturally occurring Se compounds in future cancer chemoprevention trials, Differences in the metabolism of inorganic and organic Se compounds can be seen both in the biochemical handling of these forms and in their kinetics in humans, Longterm supplementation could result in greater increases in muscle stores for organic rather than inorganic forms. Because of long half-lives, trials may have to be of long duration to assess efficacy and safety, The optimal size of dose for supplementation is controversial with respect to both efficacy and safety, In China, selenosis was observed in some individuals with a sustained intake of at least 750 mu g/day but was not observed among others with intakes exceeding 1 mg, These levels exceed the reference dose, a measure of the maximal safe intake, which is 350 mu g/day. A large-scale Se human intervention trial in the United States suggests no harm due to long-term Se intake of more than 200 mu g/day. Se deficiency has been shown to have deleterious effects on the immune system, allowing, for example, a benign form of the Coxsackievirus to become virulent in mice, These recent results may provide an explanation of earlier findings showing a protective effect of elevated Se intakes against a mouse mammary tumor virus, Additional studies on the use of Se as a chemopreventive agent in man seem warranted. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Patterson, BH (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BIOMETRY BRANCH,EXECUT PLAZA N 344,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 32 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WB772 UT WOS:A1997WB77200011 PM 8993799 ER PT J AU Toles, CA Marshall, WE Johns, MM AF Toles, CA Marshall, WE Johns, MM TI Granular activated carbons from nutshells for the uptake of metals and organic compounds SO CARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Carbon Materials for the Environment CY JUN 09-12, 1996 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Amer Carbon Soc, Westvaco Corp, Calgon Carbon Corp, NORIT Americas, Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Gilson Co, Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE activated coal; activation; BET surface area; adsorption properties ID LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; POROSITY AB Almond and pecan shells were chosen as hard, lignocellulosic precursors for the production of granular activated carbons (GACs) in order to create carbons for the adsorption of both organic compounds and metals. They were activated either chemically, with H3PO4, or physically, with CO2, under a variety of conditions. Following activation, a portion of the GACs were oxidized with air. The acid-activated samples had higher BET surface areas and greater product yields than the CO2-activated carbons. Unoxidized, CO2-activated carbons generally sequestered more Cu2+ from solution than the unoxidized acid-activated GACs, when evaluated in batch assays at pH 4.8. Oxidative treatment, however, improved Cu2+ adsorption in both types of carbon to levels significantly greater than comparable commercial carbons. Nutshell-based carbons were also examined for their ability to adsorb a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds with differing polarities. For CO2-activated pecan shell carbons there was a distinct increase in organic uptake that was usually not altered by oxidation. Both acid- and CO2-activated pecan shell carbons took up similar amounts of the non-polar benzene and toluene, but the CO2-activated carbons took up more polar compounds. There were several GACs that outperformed commercial carbons in their ability to adsorb significant quantities of Cu2+ or organics on the same carbon. Our data show that nutshells provide a plentiful and inexpensive precursor for the production of GACs which may be competitive with commercial carbons in wastewater or potable water treatment. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Toles, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 RE LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 16 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1407 EP 1414 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00073-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YC558 UT WOS:A1997YC55800023 ER PT J AU Park, WJ Shelton, DR Peterson, CJ Martin, TJ Kachman, SD Wehling, RL AF Park, WJ Shelton, DR Peterson, CJ Martin, TJ Kachman, SD Wehling, RL TI Variation in polyphenol oxidase activity and quality characteristics among hard white wheat and hard red winter wheat samples SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; FLOURS; COMMON AB Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has been related to an undesirable brown discoloration of wheat-based end products. Consumer acceptance and product quality are generally decreased by the darkening phenomena. Two sets of wheat samples (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for variation in grain and flour PPO levels. Samples included 40 advanced experimental hard white winter wheat lines grown at two Kansas locations and 10 hard red winter wheat genotypes grown at three Nebraska locations. The variability in grain and flour PPO activities was influenced by growing location and population for the hard white wheat samples. There also was a significant influence of population by growing location interactions on PPO activity in both grain and flour. Genotype and growing location both contributed to variability in flour PPO activity among the hard red wheat samples. The variation in flour PPO activities among growing locations appeared larger than variation produced by genotypes tested for the hard red wheat samples. Quality parameters, such as wheat physical properties, flour protein and ash contents, grain color, and milling yield significantly correlated with grain and flour PPO activities. Among red wheat samples, flour PPO activity was related to 100 kernel weight, first reduction flour yield, and flour ash content. Grain PPO activity was related to variation in grain color observed among hard white samples. The relationship of quality characteristics with grain and flour PPO activities varied among white and red wheat samples. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. FT HAYS STATE UNIV,AGR RES CTR,HAYS,KS 67601. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOMETRY,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 24 TC 53 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 74 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.1.7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD785 UT WOS:A1997WD78500002 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Shackley, BJ King, GE Kidwell, KK AF Morris, CF Shackley, BJ King, GE Kidwell, KK TI Genotypic and environmental variation for flour swelling volume in wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL NOODLE QUALITY; JAPANESE NOODLES; STARCH; POWER AB The gelatinization and swelling of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) starch has an important effect on the quality of end-products, especially white salted noodles. This study was conducted to determine the genotypic and environmental variation for flour swelling volume (FSV) in wheat. FSV was measured for various spring and winter wheat cultivars grown in up to 31 unique environments and up to four crop years. Data were analyzed by organizing the data into eight balanced data sets. FSV ranged from approximate to 19 to 30 mL/g. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that cultivar was consistently a highly significant source of variation. Environments as unique combinations of locations and crop years were variably significant, as were locations, whereas crop years were always a significant source of variation. Only rarely were ANOVA interaction terms significant. Model R(2) ranged from 0.87 to 0.98 for the eight data sets. Components of variation calculated from ANOVA model and total sums of squares indicated that cultivar accounted for 36.1-93.3% of the total variation. Environments, locations, and years accounted for 1.7-61.7% of the total variation. The relative variation assignable to the interaction of cultivars, environments, locations, or years never exceeded 10%. Penawawa was the highest FSV cultivar and was significantly higher than all other cultivars examined. In conclusion, FSV is highly and primarily influenced by cultivar and secondly by environment, crop year more so than location within a crop year. The small interaction of cultivar with environment suggests that FSV is highly heritable and that cultivar development programs can easily identify and track desirable FSV types. Incremental steps in FSV level were observed among the various cultivars and therefore optimum levels of FSV occurring throughout the range encountered should be attainable in new, improved cultivars. C1 AGR WESTERN AUSTRALIA,KATANNING,WA,AUSTRALIA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR FAC E E 202,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 74 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.1.16 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD785 UT WOS:A1997WD78500004 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Johnson, LA Pollak, LM Fox, SR Bailey, TB AF Singh, SK Johnson, LA Pollak, LM Fox, SR Bailey, TB TI Comparison of laboratory and pilot-plant corn wet-milling procedures SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE; GRAIN AB One waxy and three regular yellow dent corn hybrids were wet milled by using two scales of laboratory procedures (modified 100-g and 1-kg) and a pilot-plant procedure (10-kg). The modified 100-g and 1-kg laboratory procedures gave similar yields of wet-milling fractions. Starch yields and recoveries were significantly lower for the pilot-plant procedure, whereas gluten and fiber yields were greater because of their high contents of unrecovered starch. Protein contents of the starches obtained by all three procedures were within commercially acceptable limits (<0.50% db for normal dent corn and <0.30% for waxy corn). Rankings for starch yields and starch recoveries for the four hybrids, having very different physical and compositional properties, were the same for all three procedures. The harder the grain, the lower the yield and recovery of starch. Least significant differences (P < 0.05) for starch yield were 0.8% for the modified 100-g procedure, 1.2% for the 1-kg procedure, and 2.0% for the pilot-plant procedure. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CTR CROPS UTILIZAT RES,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,CTR CROPS UTILIZAT RES,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 74 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.1.40 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD785 UT WOS:A1997WD78500009 ER PT J AU Zeng, M Morris, CF Batey, IL Wrigley, CW AF Zeng, M Morris, CF Batey, IL Wrigley, CW TI Sources of variation for starch gelatinization, pasting, and gelation properties in wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMMON WHEAT; NOODLE QUALITY; VISCOSITY; AMYLOSE; PROTEIN; FLOUR; CULTIVARS; CEREAL; GENE AB The starch of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour affects food product quality due to the temperature-dependent interactions of starch with water during gelatinization, pasting, and gelation. The objective of this study was to determine the fundamental basis of variation in gelatinization, pasting, and gelation of prime starch derived from seven different wheat cultivars: Kanto 107, which is a partial waxy mutant line, and six near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing in hardness. Complete pasting curves with extended 16-min hold at 93 degrees C were obtained using the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). Apparent amylose content ranged from 17.5 to 23.5%; total amylose content ranged from 22.8 to 28.2%. Starches exhibited significant variation in onset of gelatinization. However, none of the parameters measured consistently correlated with onset or other RVA curve parameters that preceded peak paste viscosity. Peak paste viscosity varied from 190 to 323 RVA units (RVU). Higher peak, greater breakdown, lower final viscosity, negative setback, and less total setback were associated with lower apparent and total amylose contents. Each 1% reduction in apparent or total amylose content corresponded to an increase in peak viscosity of about 22 and 25 RVU, respectively, at 12% starch concentration. Of the seven U.S. cultivars, the lower amylose cultivars Penawawa and Klasic were missing the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS; ADPglucose starch glycosyl transferase, EC 2.4.4.21) protein associated with the Waxy gene locus on chromosome 4A (Wx-B1 locus). Kanto 107 was confirmed as missing both the 7A and 4A waxy proteins (Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 loci). The hardness NIL also were shown to be null at the 4A locus. Apparent and total amylose contents of prime starch generally corresponded well to the number of GBSS proteins; although the hardness NIL tended to have somewhat higher amylose contents than did the other GBSS 4A nulls. We concluded that reduced quantity of starch amylose due to decreased GBSS profoundly affects starch gelatinization, pasting, and gelation properties. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,E 202 FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR FAC E,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,GRAIN QUAL RES LAB,N RYDE,NSW 2113,AUSTRALIA. NR 47 TC 180 Z9 207 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 74 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.1.63 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD785 UT WOS:A1997WD78500012 ER PT J AU Lookhart, GL AF Lookhart, GL TI New methods helping to solve the gluten puzzle SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article RP Lookhart, GL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WL236 UT WOS:A1997WL23600004 ER PT J AU Hang, A Satterfield, K AF Hang, A Satterfield, K TI In-vitro culture induced deficiency in barley SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE deficiency; Hordeum vulgare; acrocentric chromosome; in-vitro culture ID BANDING TECHNIQUE; HORDEUM-VULGARE; CHROMOSOMES; IDENTIFICATION; DESIGNATION AB A plant with a structural chromosome deficiency was isolated from a population of 407 green plants regenerated from microspore culture of ten barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Based on acetocarmine staining and N-banding patterns, the deficient chromosome was identified as chromosome 1 with 67% of the long arm missing, acrocentric chromosome 1S(L). At meiosis, six ring bivalents and one open bivalent were observed. Among 111 progenies that resulted from selfing of the deficient plant and crossing with a diploid, all had 14 chromosomes. This indicated that the deficient chromosome was not transmitted through male or female gametes. The deficient plant was late and had reduced vigor and seed set. RP Hang, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 307,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WV489 UT WOS:A1997WV48900003 ER PT J AU Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH McCormick, SP Plattner, RD AF Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH McCormick, SP Plattner, RD TI Genetic and molecular aspects of the biosynthesis of trichothecenes by Fusarium SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Fusarium Seminar CY AUG 29-SEP 05, 1997 CL SZEGED, HUNGARY ID GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; REDUCED VIRULENCE; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; SUPERFAMILY; SAMBUCINUM; DISRUPTION; MUTANTS; STRAINS; CULTURE RP Alexander, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 PN 1 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YE357 UT WOS:A1997YE35700019 ER PT J AU Alexander, NJ Hohn, TM McCormick, SP AF Alexander, NJ Hohn, TM McCormick, SP TI Molecular characterization of TR112 which encodes an apparent transport protein involved in trichothecene production by Fusarium sporotrichiodes. SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Fusarium Seminar CY AUG 29-SEP 05, 1997 CL SZEGED, HUNGARY ID SUPERFAMILY; RESISTANCE; GENE RP Alexander, NJ (reprint author), ARS,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 347 EP 348 PN 1 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YE357 UT WOS:A1997YE35700026 ER PT J AU Harvey, RA Kubena, LF Rottinghaus, GE Turk, JR Buckley, SA AF Harvey, RA Kubena, LF Rottinghaus, GE Turk, JR Buckley, SA TI Effects of fumonisin and moniliformin from culture materials to growing swine SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Fusarium Seminar CY AUG 29-SEP 05, 1997 CL SZEGED, HUNGARY ID BROILER CHICKS; TOXICITY RP Harvey, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 415 EP 417 PN 1 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YE357 UT WOS:A1997YE35700047 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Biles, CL AF Russo, VM Biles, CL TI Changes in ions and proteins in pith of internodes of a shrunken2 sweet maize at four developmental stages SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; senescence rating; ion concentration; gel electrophoresis ID SENESCENCE; LEAVES AB Physiological processes change as plants age. This study was conducted to determine how concentration of ions, and distribution of proteins, change in senescing stalk internodes of a sweet maize (Zea mays L.). 'Illini Gold', a shrunken2 hybrid, was monitored from mid-whorl (V9; internodes completely juvenile) to fresh-market maturity (FM; internodes exhibiting stages of senescence). Internodes near the base of the stalk, just below the ear, and between an ear and tassel were rated for senescence. These same tissues were extracted and analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and automated ion analysis. Senescence rating in internodes increased from V9 or VT to FM. Concentrations of NO3-, Na+, total Fe, and total Mn were unchanged, while those of total N, in a Kjeldahl digest (TKN), and K+ were reduced in all internodes as plants aged. In one or more internodes, concentrations of total P, in a Kjeldahl digest (TKP), HPO42-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42- either were unchanged, fluctuated, or decreased as plant aged. Concentrations of TKN, TKP, HPO42-, Mg2+, and SO42- were negatively correlated with senescence rating in one or more internodes. The least number of protein bands, between 14.4 and 97.4 kD, were found on gels at FM. Changes in concentration of some ions, and distribution of proteins may indicate the onset of senescence. C1 ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 939 EP 946 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZA785 UT WOS:000072401500010 ER PT B AU Liefert, WM AF Liefert, WM BE Smith, LD Spooner, N TI Grain sector reform and food security in the countries of the FSU SO CEREALS SECTOR REFORM IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Cereals Sector Reform and Food Security in the Newly Independent States (NIS) and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) CY DEC, 1995 CL KIEV, UKRAINE RP Liefert, WM (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,EUROPE AFRICA & MIDDLE E BRANCH,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND 0X10 8DE BN 0-85199-157-2 PY 1997 BP 93 EP 107 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BJ58R UT WOS:A1997BJ58R00006 ER PT B AU Kasarda, DD AF Kasarda, DD BE Maki, M Collin, P Visakorpi, JK TI Gluten and gliadin: Precipitating factors in coeliac disease SO COELIAC DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Coeliac Disease CY SEP 05-07, 1996 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kasarda, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU COELIAC DISEASE STUDY GROUP PI TAMPERE PA INSTITUTE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY TAMPERE PO BOX 607, FIN-33101 TAMPERE, FINLAND BN 951-44-4293-8 PY 1997 BP 195 EP 212 PG 18 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Immunology; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Immunology; Pediatrics GA BK59W UT WOS:000072703900027 ER PT J AU Dolbeer, RA Belant, JL Bernhardt, GE AF Dolbeer, RA Belant, JL Bernhardt, GE TI Aerial photography techniques to estimate populations of Laughing Gull nests in Jamaica Bay, New York, 1992-1995 SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE aerial photography; aerial survey; Jamaica Bay; Laughing Gull; Larus atricilla; nesting population ID INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT AB We evaluated aerial photography (full coverage, using fixed-wing aircraft) and aerial video (transects, using helicopter) surveys to estimate the population of Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla) nests in Jamaica Bay New York, during June 1992-1995. We counted 4,920 nests in the colony using aerial photography and estimated 5,367 nests using aerial video in 1992. In 1993-1995, we respectively counted 5,691, 5,095, and 6,126 nests in the colony using aerial photography, and estimated from ground plots that our counts differed from the actual number of nests by means of -9% to 1%. Overall (1993-1995) correction factors (by which to multiply the aerial photography nest counts) to estimate the mean and 95% lower and upper CI range of the nest population were 1.04, 0.96 and 1.13, respectively. Ninety-seven percent of nests identified using aerial photography or video had tl adult Laughing Gull present or within 1 m of the nest. The aerial video survey was less expensive ($2,100 United States currency) than the aerial photography survey ($4,000). The estimated cost of a total count of nests from the ground is $6,700-$9,600. The aerial video survey provided an accurate estimate of the number of nests. Full-coverage aerial photography also provided an accurate estimate of nests in addition to habitat, nest distribution and nest density data. RP Dolbeer, RA (reprint author), USDA,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.2307/1521758 PG 6 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA WW857 UT WOS:A1997WW85700002 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Blixt, DC AF Linz, GM Blixt, DC TI Black Terns benefit from cattail management in the northern Great Plains SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anatidae; blackbirds; black tern; cattails; ducks; Chlidonias niger; glyphosate; Icterinae; Typha; wetlands ID INDUCED HABITAT ALTERATIONS; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; ACUTE TOXICITY; GLYPHOSATE; HERBICIDE; WETLANDS; DUCKS; MARSH; DECOMPOSITION; VEGETATION AB In the northern Great Plains, cattails (Typha spp.) have overgrown many wetlands, contributing to a decline in numbers of Black Terns (Chlidonias niger). Since 1991, wildlife agencies have applied glyphosate-based herbicide to cattail-dominated wetlands with the objectives of increasing duck (Anatinae) abundance and reducing crop-depredating blackbird (Icterinae) populations. In 1990 and 1991, we serially applied glyphosate-based herbicide to cattail-dominated wetlands in North Dakota to assess the influence of habitat changes on birds. Numbers of Black Terns and selected ducks species were positively correlated with open water and dead cattails (r(17) range: 0.77-0.46); whereas, blackbird numbers were positively related with live cattails (r(17) range: 0.52-0.48). Black Tern numbers were positively related (r(17) range: 0.76-0.49) to numbers of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), Blue-winged Teal (A. discolor), Redheads (Anthya americana), and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), suggesting some common habitat requirements among these species. Cattail management programs designed specifically to enhance duck use and decrease Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) numbers probably benefit Black Terns. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Great Plains Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Great Plains Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.2307/1521617 PG 5 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YN613 UT WOS:000071187500029 ER PT B AU Palmer, JE AF Palmer, JE GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Opening remarks: Welcome to the Allegheny National Forest; but will we be here 10 years from now? SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB In our day-to-day struggles, we must keep our eyes on what is going on. The bottomline questions are, will we be harvesting timber 10 years from now, or will the Forest Service as an agency even exist 10 years from now? The author is not optimistic, but still holds some hope. That hope is in silviculturists and other who are willing to step forward and speak out. C1 USDA, Allegheny Natl Forest, Forest Serv, Warren, PA 16365 USA. RP Palmer, JE (reprint author), USDA, Allegheny Natl Forest, Forest Serv, Warren, PA 16365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100001 ER PT B AU Powers, RF Aune, PS AF Powers, RF Aune, PS GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Communicating silviculture: Values and benefits for the new millennium SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Forests have been tied to social progress since the dawn of agriculture 10 thousand years ago. Silviculture, the oldest application of ecological principles, contains all the skills needed to produce forests with the myriad conditions valued by modern society. Historically, we have been success-makers. Yet, our profession faces a crisis. Often we are seen as tree killers, more concerned with timber harvests than with managing forests for multiple uses. Perceptions trace to critical rhetoric by those who are unusually effective communicators. Silviculturists have not responded effectively. We tend to be "doers, not sayers," but we must break this mold. We stand at the brink between the demise of our profession and a chance to establish our proper place at the table of wise forest management. Moving positively demands committment to professional renewal and more effective ways of communicating our art. Avenues vary from more effective writing, through one-on-one mentoring and outreach to ether disciplines, to involvement in educational programs with a broad ripple effect. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA USA. RP Powers, RF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100002 ER PT B AU Stewart, RE AF Stewart, RE GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Stewart's maxims: Eight "do's" for successfully communicating silviculture to policymakers SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Technical specialists may experience difficulties in presenting information to non-technical policymakers and having that information used. Eight maxims are discussed that should help the silviculturist successfully provide technical information to non-technical audiences so that it will be considered in the formulation of policy. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Stewart, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100004 ER PT B AU Dekker-Robertson, D AF Dekker-Robertson, D GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Is the northern spotted owl worth more than the orangutan? SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB When policymakers choose to reduce the amount of wood harvested on National Forest lands, the demand for wood products must be met by reducing consumption, increasing recycling, substituting nonrenewable resources, or importing more wood. Reducing the amount consumed and increasing the amount recycled will not significantly impact global demand, and both substitution of nonrenewable resources and increased importation of wood products have negative consequences. Establishing high-yield plantations of genetically improved trees grown using intensive silviculture on federal lands may allow the United States to set aside other valuable areas without exporting environmental degradation or increasing carbon dioxide emissions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. RP Dekker-Robertson, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100005 ER PT B AU Heath, LS Joyce, LA AF Heath, LS Joyce, LA GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Carbon sequestration in forests as a national policy issue SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB The United States' 1993 Climate Change Action Plan called upon the forestry sector to sequester an additional 10 million metric tons/yr by the year 2000. Forests are currently sequestering carbon and may provide opportunities to mitigate fossil fuel emissions in the near-term until fossil fuel emissions can be reduced. Using the analysis of carbon budgets based on forest inventories, we analyze the impact of forest management activities on carbon storage at the state and national level. C1 NE Forest Expt Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Heath, LS (reprint author), NE Forest Expt Stn, Portland, OR USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100006 ER PT B AU Buckley, DS Zasada, JC Tappeiner, JC Stone, DM AF Buckley, DS Zasada, JC Tappeiner, JC Stone, DM GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Plant morphological characteristics as a tool in monitoring response to silvicultural activities SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Monitoring environmental change through documentation of species composition becomes problematic when compositional changes take several years to occur or simply do not occur following silvicultural treatment. Morphological characteristics (e.g., leaf area, node density, bud number) change in many plant species in response to factors such as light availability, soil compaction, and organic matter removal. As a monitoring tool, morphological characteristics: 1) detect plant responses soon after treatment, 2) reveal underlying factors that produce changes in plant condition and composition, 3) allow prediction of short-term growth response and long-term forest development, and 4) may aid in communicating effects of silvicultural treatments. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Buckley, DS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100007 ER PT B AU Strong, TF Teclaw, RM Zasada, JC AF Strong, TF Teclaw, RM Zasada, JC GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Monitoring the effects of partial cutting and gap size on microclimate and vegetation responses in northern hardwood forests in Wisconsin SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Silviculture modifies the environment. Past monitoring of silvicultural practices has been usually limited to vegetation responses, but parallel monitoring of the environment is needed to better predict these responses. in an example of monitoring temperatures in two studies of northern hardwood forests in Wisconsin, we found that different silvicultural practices modified the environment significantly. Temperatures become more extreme as openings in the forest canopy become larger. Temperatures in some cases reached lethal levels. By monitoring the microenviroment along with vegetation responses to different silvicultural practices, we can learn how to grow specific plants or plant communities by adapting the current silvicultural guides. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Strong, TF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100008 ER PT B AU Mahalovick, MF AF Mahalovick, MF GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Communicating the role of genetics in management SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Three current issues serve as examples to convey the role of genetics in management. (1) Consequences of silvicultural systems on the genetic resource of tree species are limited to one generation of study and isozyme (qualitative) data. Results of simulated data for diameter (quantitative data) over several generations, illustrate the pitfalls of working towards balanced uneven-aged silvicultural systems in northern red oak, under natural regeneration constraints and existing management direction. (2) Comparisons of section boundaries within an ecological classification system and climatic zones (homoclines) as surrogates for managing genetic resources, are of limited utility in describing patterns of genetic variation for adaptive, growth, and disease resistance traits. (3) Reporting gains and seed yields from tree improvement programs in Forest Service decision documents is recommended as means of showing consequences of 'action vs. no action' for genetic resources, thereby placing genetics in a more active role in the Agency's next round of forest planning. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Intermountain & Rocky Mt Reg, Moscow, ID USA. RP Mahalovick, MF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Intermountain & Rocky Mt Reg, Moscow, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100010 ER PT B AU Scott, G Chew, JD AF Scott, G Chew, JD GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Demonstrating vegetation dynamics using SIMPPLLE SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Understanding vegetation dynamics, both spatially and temporally, is essential to the management of natural resources. SIMPPLLE has been designed to help us quantify and communicate these concepts: What levels of process, i.e., fire or insect and disease, to expect; how they spread; what the vegetative distribution and composition is over time; and how silvicultural treatments affect the processes driving vegetative change. SIMPPLLE is applied in two forest types and used to communicate interaction of processes and vegetative patterns on specific landscapes and evaluate silvicultural strategies. Impacts on species, stand structure and probability of fire are displayed and compared to desired landscape conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Lewis & Clark Natl Forest, Great Falls, MT 59401 USA. RP Scott, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Lewis & Clark Natl Forest, Great Falls, MT 59401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 65 EP 75 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100011 ER PT B AU Colbert, JJ Perry, P Onken, B AF Colbert, JJ Perry, P Onken, B GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Preparing for the gypsy moth - Design and analysis for stand management - Dorr Run, Wayne National Forest SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB As the advancing front of the gypsy moth continues its spread throughout Ohio, silviculturists on the Wayne National Forest are preparing themselves for potential gypsy moth outbreaks in the coming decade. Through a cooperative effort between the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station and Northeastern Area, Forest Health Protection, the Wayne National Forest, Ohio, is utilizing computer models to identify high-risk stands and evaluate the predicted outcome of several management options. The efforts involve the Stand-Damage Model, a portion of the Gypsy Moth Life System Model and GypsES, a decision support system that provides the transport and storage medium for the forest inventory data used in analysis and stand mapping capabilities. The process involves identifying high-risk stands and simulating development of these stands forward from the inventory year to 1997. A series of three simulations were designed to assess the range of possible tree mortality from none, to light, to heavy outbreak scenarios. If a stand contains sufficient growing stock, a simulated pre-salvage thinning was conducted using two alternative criteria. Stands with a relative stand density greater than 70 percent were cut to 60, and stands with relative stand density greater than 90 percent were cut to 80 percent. Results are given in terms of stem counts, basal area, volumes, and present dollar values. Results show the savings that could be expected if outbreaks occur following these silvicultural treatments and help to prioritize treatment schedules. The results will be used in the decisionmaking process, are documented in an Environmental Assessment as a means to inform the public as to the consequences of each proposed alternative, and will be used in the implementation of site-specific management alternatives. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Colbert, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 76 EP 84 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100012 ER PT B AU Nelson, B Nowak, C Reitz, S deCalesta, D Wingate, S AF Nelson, B Nowak, C Reitz, S deCalesta, D Wingate, S GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Communicating old-growth forest management on the Allegheny National Forest SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Successful communication of old-growth management, including the role of silviculture, is achieved by integrating as a working whole the topics addressed in this workshop. We have used research, technology transfer and adaptive management to achieve this integration on the Allegheny National Forest. Program success depends on scientists and practitioners working together. Scientists spend more time in joint technology transfer activities and helping practitioners implement operational-level trials of new silviculture, including cc-development of inventory and monitoring plans. Practitioners too have increased technology transfer responsibilities. Practitioners must think more like researchers, conceiving and applying innovative management but also developing ways to monitor the effects of those treatments. C1 NE Forest Expt Stn, Warren, PA 16365 USA. RP Nelson, B (reprint author), NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 928, Warren, PA 16365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100013 ER PT B AU LeDoux, CB AF LeDoux, CB GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Use of expert systems for integrated silvicultural planning SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB The use of silvicultural treatments in hardwood stands presents opportunities for increasing the growth and yield of quality sawtimber and enhancing the suitability of the site for use by numerous species of wildlife. Planners, loggers, and managers must consider multiple aspects of the ecosystem when making silvicultural decisions. In this paper we demonstrate an integrated expert system called FOREX and explain how it can be used to make silvicultural decisions that integrate potential growth and yield, logging technology, economics, wildlife, markets, log prices, and the time value of money. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP LeDoux, CB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 90 EP 95 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100014 ER PT B AU Nowak, C Stout, S Brissette, J Kenefic, L Miller, G Leak, B Yaussy, D Schuler, T Gottschalk, K AF Nowak, C Stout, S Brissette, J Kenefic, L Miller, G Leak, B Yaussy, D Schuler, T Gottschalk, K GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Defining the role of silvicultural research in the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Research planning in the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station has followed a grass roots model for more than two years-ROADMAP, a research and development management plan. The goals for research within ROADMAP include understanding, protecting, managing, and utilizing forest ecosystems. There are nine research themes set to help achieve these goals, each with a set of research initiatives that describe contemporary and future science. Development of the "Silviculture and Resource Management Theme" has helped tile Station define and communicate the role of silviculture to a variety of audiences. This paper presents the silvicultural statement developed by a core group of Station scientists. the Station and then communicate it to our colleagues and stakeholders. In this paper, we describe the role of silvicultural research within the Station as developed for ROADMAP. Each team was given a list of questions to answer in a single statement. We modified this list as a framework for this paper. C1 NE Forest Expt Stn, Warren, PA 16365 USA. RP Nowak, C (reprint author), NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 928, Warren, PA 16365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100018 ER PT B AU Miller, GW Johnson, JE Baumgras, JE Bustamente, RG AF Miller, GW Johnson, JE Baumgras, JE Bustamente, RG GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Two-age silviculture on the Monongahela National Forest - Managers and scientists assess 17 years of communication SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB This report describes the development of two-age silviculture on the Monongahela National Forest and provides an assessment of the practice as it is applied today. Silviculturists at each ranger district provided a chronology of the communication process between managers and scientists that led to current stand treatment prescriptions. In addition, data were collected from a total of 20 recently treated stands on four ranger districts. This information was used to assess two-age systems in terms of current stand conditions and the implications for future species composition and stand structure. Comments obtained from land managers and the accompanying field data are used to illustrate how the ongoing communication process helped to provide feedback, clarify objectives, motivate useful research, define feasible options, and produce a flexible land management tool. C1 NE Forest Expt Stn, Parsons, WV 26241 USA. RP Miller, GW (reprint author), NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 404, Parsons, WV 26241 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 123 EP 133 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100019 ER PT B AU Echt, CS AF Echt, CS GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Use of molecular genetic markers in forest management SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB When managing forests for biodiversity or sustainability, attention must be given to how silvicultural practices affect genetic diversity. A new generation of DNA-based markers affords a greater detail of genetic analysis than previously possible. These new markers, SSRs or microsatellites, have been used to demonstrate genetic diversity and infer evolutionary history of reel pine, something that has not been possible with other markers. SSR markers developed by the Forest Service Research Biotechnology Unit are also being used to monitor how methods of sustainable timber management affect genetic diversity and breeding patterns within white pine stands on the Menominee Indian reservation. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Echt, CS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 134 EP 139 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100020 ER PT B AU DeBell, DS DeBell, JD Curtis, RO Allison, NK AF DeBell, DS DeBell, JD Curtis, RO Allison, NK GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Evaluating and communicating options for harvesting young-growth Douglas-fir forests SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB A cooperative project, developed by Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW), provides a framework for managers and scientists to (1) obtain experience with a range of silvicultural options; (2) develop information about public response to visual appearance, economic performance, and biological aspects associated with each option; and (3) demonstrate and communicate the consequences of applying the options (singly or mixes thereof) over the landscape to lay and technical audiences. The project is being installed as par: of DNR's timber sale program on a 90,000-acre "working forest." C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP DeBell, DS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625-93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100024 ER PT B AU Weaver, PL AF Weaver, PL GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI An historical overview of forest service silvicultural activities in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean Islands SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Forestry has a long history in the Caribbean Islands, in particular, in Puerto Rico. This experience, implemented in recent years through numerous partnerships, involves research, inventory and monitoring, and resource management, and has been communicated through demonstration and educational activities. Much of this history is documented in the 24 volumes of the Caribbean Forester, in 58 years of Annual Reports or Annual Letters written by the U.S. Forest Service's International institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF), in forestry bibliographies, and numerous publications in scientific journals as well as the proceedings of seminars, meetings and conferences. Forest managers and researchers, not only in the United Sta(,es, but also in the international arena, have been the recipients of information on tropical forestry through the IITF's library and its program in international cooperation. The purpose of this paper is to briefly summarize Forest Service activities in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Weaver, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Trop Forestry, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 165 EP 173 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100026 ER PT B AU Brissette, JC Eubanks, ST Gillespie, AJR Lasko, RJ Rykoff, AV AF Brissette, JC Eubanks, ST Gillespie, AJR Lasko, RJ Rykoff, AV GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Demonstrating appropriate silviculture for sustainable forestry in Central Siberia: A Russian-American partnership SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB A joint Northeastern Forest Experiment Station Eastern Region team is working with Russian counterparts on a Forests for the Future Initiative in the Krasnoyarsk region of central Siberia. Russian team members include scientists from the Sukachev Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, managers from a number of units of the Federal Forest Service of Russia, and the directors of a logging and sawmilling enterprise. The goal is to establish a pilot project demonstrating principals of forest conservation and sustainable development. Applying silvicultural treatments appropriate for the forests of the region is a key element of the program. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Brissette, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 177 EP 180 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100028 ER PT B AU Stone, DM Strand, JC AF Stone, DM Strand, JC GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Monitoring the mighty duck timber sale: a national forest conservation organization research partnership SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Resource managers are seeking silvicultural solutions to a variety of ecological, economic, and social issues. These issues include maintaining healthy and aesthetically pleasing forests, and sustaining or increasing ecological diversity. To reestablish a conifer component, and thereby increase species diversity, the LaCroix Ranger District of the Superior National Forest planned to apply a reserve tree method (RTM) to reduce the density of aspen suckers and increase survival and growth of planted conifers. The Ruffed Grouse Society questioned widespread application of the treatment because of its potential impacts on early successional forest communities, and offered to kelp finance a study to monitor results of the RTM. Communication and cooperation among the LaCroix District, the North Central Station, and the Ruffed Grouse Society led to a three-way partnership and a study to monitor and evaluate the results in six stands for IO years. This long-term partnership will provide mutually beneficial silvicultural information to all parties. C1 N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Stone, DM (reprint author), N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 186 EP 189 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100030 ER PT B AU Chan, SS Bailey, MD Karnes, D Metzger, R Kastner, WW AF Chan, SS Bailey, MD Karnes, D Metzger, R Kastner, WW GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI The role of silviculture in the active management of riparian zone vegetation in the Oregon Coast Range: a partnership between researchers and managers SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB Riparian plant communities are extremely diverse. Their structure and composition can affect fish and wildlife habitat, while trees and associated vegetation can provide sustainable sources of forest products. Management of riparian vegetation can greatly affect these values. Little information exists however, about the consequences of actively managing riparians to develop desirable habitat characteristics and enhance function versus setting aside areas as passively managed reserves. Management options are limited in riparian areas because of concerns for the protection of values provided by these sensitive areas. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Chan, SS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 190 EP 197 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100031 ER PT B AU Yaussy, DA Lashbrook, W Smith, W AF Yaussy, DA Lashbrook, W Smith, W GP USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN USDA FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN TI Raccoon Ecological Management Area: Partnership between Forest Service research and Mead Corporation SO COMMUNICATING THE ROLE OF SILVICULTURE IN MANAGING THE NATIONAL FORESTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SILVICULTURE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop on Communicating the Role of Silviculture in Managing the National Forests CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARREN, PA SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Allegheny Natl Forest, Reg 9 AB The Chief of the Forest Service and the Chief Executive Officer of Mead Corporation signed a Memorandum of Understating (MOU) that created the Raccoon Ecological Management Area (REMA). This MOU designated nearly 17,000 acres as a special area to be co-managed by Mead and the Forest Service. The REMA is a working forest that continues to produce timber and pulpwood for Mead. Current Forest Service research within the REMA consists of two sites of a large, oak ecosystem restoration research project, and one site of a long-term oak stand density study Facilities provide a place for researchers to stay while collecting data, and classrooms for the educational workshops presented for the public. The REMA will provide new sites for silvicultural and other demonstrations. C1 NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Yaussy, DA (reprint author), NE Forest Expt Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 238 BP 198 EP 201 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK25V UT WOS:000071632100032 ER PT J AU Bernal, JH Clark, RB AF Bernal, JH Clark, RB TI Mineral acquisition of aluminum-tolerant and -sensitive sorghum genotypes grown with varied aluminum SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS; PLANT-GROWTH; CORN; NUTRITION; ELEMENTS; SUGAR; YIELD; SOIL; ACID AB A constraint to plants grown on acid soils is commonly aluminum (Al) toxicity. Plants grown with excess Al normally have imbalanced minerals compared to plants grown without Al. This study was conducted to determine differences among 25 sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes with broad ,genetic backgrounds for Al, phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) acquisition when grown with 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mu M Al in nutrient solutions (pH 4.0). Genotypes were categorized into ''Al tolerant'', ''Al sensitive'', ''intermediate Al tolerant'', and SC 283 (an Al-tolerant standard) according to net main axis root length (NMARL) of plants grown with 400 mu M Al. Shoot and root concentrations of minerals were generally lower as Al increased, and some minerals changed more than others. The Al-tolerant genotypes generally had higher concentrations of Mn in shoots and K in roots, lower concentrations of Ca in shoots and roots, and lower concentrations of P, Mg, and Mn in roots than Al-sensitive genotypes. Except for Zn concentrations in shoots, concentrations of minerals in the intermediate Al-tolerant group generally appeared between the Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive groups. Mineral concentrations in SC 283 generally followed the Al-tolerant group, except for shoot P concentration (lower) and root S concentration (higher) than the other genotypic groups. Mineral acquisition in shoots and roots of the sorghum genotypes used was not a good indicator for distinguishing tolerance to Al toxicity. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT AGRON, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. UNIV NEBRASKA, USDA ARS, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, BECKLEY, WV 25802 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1080/00103629709369771 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA WH202 UT WOS:A1997WH20200005 ER PT J AU Alemu, G Unger, PW Jones, OR AF Alemu, G Unger, PW Jones, OR TI Tillage and cropping system effects on selected conditions of a soil cropped to grain sorghum for twelve years SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE AB Soil and water conserving practices must be used to sustain dryland crop production in semiarid regions. In this 1994 study, we evaluated the effects of different cropping system and tillage method treatments on surface residue cover, organic matter content, aggregation, and water infiltration for a soil used for grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in the United States Southern Great Plains from 1982 to 1994. Cropping systems were continuous sorghum (CS) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow-grain sorghum-fallow (designated WSF) and tillage methods were no-tillage (NT) and stubble mulch tillage (SMT). Treatments were CS-NT, CS-SMT, WSF-NT, and WSF-SMT. Surface residue cover before planting sorghum was >70% with CS-NT and WSF-NT, 29% with CS-SMT, and 12% with WSF-SMT. Surface cover after planting was approximate to 50% with both NT treatments, whereas amounts with other treatments were similar to those before planting. Soil organic matter contents (0- to 10-cm depth) were greater on CS than on WSF plots, but were not affected by tillage method in either cropping system. Water stable aggregation (0- to 2-cm depth) was greater with SMT than with NT in both cropping systems, but differences between cropping systems were not significant. Dry aggregates were smaller with NT than with SMT. Water infiltration was or tended to be greater on CS than on WSF plots, apparently because the WSF plots contained more water when infiltration was measured. Infiltration was not affected by tillage method, apparently because the greater amount of surface residues on NT plots counteracted the less water stable aggregates and smaller dry aggregates that had potential for reducing infiltration on the NT plots. This study indicates that no cropping system-tillage method combination treatment had a consistently beneficial or detrimental effect on soil conditions. In conclusion, both cropping systems (CS and WSF) and both tillage methods (NT and SMT) are suitable for conserving soil and water resources and, therefore, for sustaining dryland crop production in the semiarid United States Southern Great Plains. C1 USDA ARS, BUSHLAND, TX 79012 USA. RP Alemu, G (reprint author), SIRINKA RES CTR, POB 74, WOLDIA, ETHIOPIA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 EI 1532-2416 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1080/00103629709369772 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA WH202 UT WOS:A1997WH20200006 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Amacher, MC AF Delgado, JA Amacher, MC TI Modeling the uptake of sulfur by crops on three alluvial soils of Louisiana: Wheat SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM UPTAKE; ROOT MORPHOLOGY; SOYBEANS; PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATE; KINETICS; COTTON; CORN AB The Cushman and Barber mechanistic model was used to help elucidate the mechanisms that govern the uptake of sulfur (S) by plants. Sulfur uptake predicted by the model was compared to measured S uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum [L]) grown on Gallion very fine sandy loam (Typic Hapludalf), Mhoon silty clay loam (Typic Fluvaquent), and a Norwood silt loam (Typic Udifluvent) under glasshouse conditions. Predicted S uptake was significantly correlated with observed uptake r(2)=0.85. However, the model over predicted S uptake by a factor of 10.4. The assumption that the maximum ion Influx rate (I-max) for roots growing in soils is the same as the I-max measured in solution cultures experiments may not be appropriate. Better agreement between observed and predicted S uptake values was achieved by using an estimated I-max Obtained from soil studies (I-s). Using I-s, predicted vs observed S uptake had a slope of 1.5 and r(2)=0.93. The model predicted that when S concentration in soil solution (C-lo) at the root surface (r(o)) was about 2mM or higher, this high C-lo will trigger a higher ion Influx rate of about 2.6 nmol/m(2)sec. Plants grown on soils with C-lo less than 1 mM at r(o) will show a lower ion Influx rate of about 0.8 nmol/m(2)sec, suggesting that S uptake by wheat plants is biphasic and depends on C-lo at r(o). C1 USDA,FS,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTR RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1080/00103629709369787 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA WR190 UT WOS:A1997WR19000005 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, SR AF Wilkinson, SR TI Response of Tifway 2 bermudagrass to fresh or composted broiler litter containing boric acid-treated paper bedding SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; MANURE AB Recycled paper treated with boric acid (BA) is gaining acceptance as bedding in broiler production houses. Applying this litter, or compost made from this litter, to turf raises an issue of boron (B) toxicity. There is also the question of nitrogen (N) availability from composts made from berated paper and broiler manure. The objective of this study was to determine if broiler house litter containing recycled BA-treated paper poses a toxicity hazard to bermudagrass turf (Cynodon dactylon L. pers x C. Transvaalensis, Burtt-Davis) when applied at agronomic N rates. The effects of five N sources at rates equivalent to 224, 448, and 896 kg N/ha in a factorial arrangement plus an unfertilized control and a high nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) treatment with B at 22 kg B/ha on bermudagrass were determined in pot culture during the summer of 1992. The five NPKB sources were (M1) compost made from broiler manure, BA-treated paper and yard refuse; (M2) fresh broiler manure with BA paper bedding; (M3) fresh broiler manure with pine shavings bedding; (M4) inorganic NPK; and (M5) inorganic NPK and BA. The soil was Cecil sandy clay loam subsoil. Top growth was harvested four times at 4 cm height with tops, roots, and stubble harvested at the fifth and final harvest. Composted litter was higher in water content and lower in NPK and B than fresh litter. As a result, over four times the mass had to be applied to achieve the desired N inputs. Boron concentrations in M1 on a dry matter basis were 290, M2=390, M3=52 mg B/kg, respectively. The NPK gave highest yields and compost (M1) gave the lowest yields. Yield response of fresh manure + BA paper was not different from fresh manure + pine shavings. Nitrogen recovery in plant growth from composts was very low. Nitrogen recovery in compost residue at the soil surface was very high. Nitrogen recoveries for BA paper litter and pine shavings litter were similar. No visual symptoms of B toxicity were observed, although a 16% yield reduction occurred at 22.4 kg B/ha at the 896 kg N/ha rate from NPK. Boron recovery in plant growth was negligible, but considerable B remained in the residue at the soil surface. Yield response efficiency was M1=2.5, M2=4.8, M3=5.3, NPK=15.5, NPKB=14.3 mg DM/mg N, respectively. Plant top N recovery response efficiency in mg N recovered/mg N per pot was 0.07, 0.15, 0.165, 0.63, and 0.58 for M1, M2, M3, NPK, and NPKB, respectively. Adding stubble, roots, and residue to total N recovery resulted in the following recoveries: M1=0.97, M2=0.25, M3=0.35, NPK=0.73, NPKB=0.68 mg N/mg N applied. The risk of B toxicity to Tifway 2 bermudagrass from compost or manure containing BA-treated paper is minimal if N rates are in the agronomic utilization range. RP Wilkinson, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,1420 EXPT STN RD,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 259 EP 279 DI 10.1080/00103629709369789 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA WR190 UT WOS:A1997WR19000007 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, SR AF Wilkinson, SR TI Response of Kentucky-31 tall fescue to broiler litter and composts made from broiler litter SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOILS AB Recycled paper treated with boric acid (BA) is gaining acceptance as bedding in broiler houses. Applying this litter to Kentucky 31 (K-31) tall fescue, Festuca Arundinacea Shreb, pastures raises the issue of potential boron (B) toxicity. There is also the question of nitrogen (N) availability from composts made with berated paper and broiler manure. The effect of five N sources at 224, 448, and 896 kg N/ha in a factorial arrangement plus an unfertilized control and high nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) + additional boron at 45 kg B/ha on growth and NPKB uptake of K-31 tall fescue was determined in a greenhouse during the spring of 1992. The five N sources were (1) inorganic salts, (2) compost made from hen manure, broiler manure, fescue hay and bark (M1), (3) fresh broiler litter (M2), (4) compost made from broiler manure and berated paper bedding (M3), (5) compost from hen manure, oak leaves, broiler litter(M4). The soil was Cecil sandy clay loam subsoil. Six harvests were made at 4-cm cutting heights for determination of dry matter, N, P, K, and B uptake in tops, stubble, roots, and residue. Relative yield response of M2 was 65% of that from inorganic NPK, whereas the yield of the three composts was 22-30% of that from inorganic NPK. Over 50% of the N applied in compost residue remained at the soil surface. Boron toxicity to K-31 as estimated from yield reduction or from visual symptoms did not occur from 20 kg B/ha in compost made with berated paper(M3). However, a 12% yield reduction did occur at the 45 kg B/ha rate from inorganic B. Industry efforts to reduce the amount of boric acid used in the treatment of recycled paper, the high mobility of B in humid areas, the apparent ability of K-31 tall fescue to tolerate massive quantities of compost and high rates of B application suggest that the application of the broiler litter from houses where BA-treated recycled paper is used as bedding would be environmentally safe at application rates based on N requirements of K-31 tall fescue. RP Wilkinson, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,1420 EXPT STN RD,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 281 EP 299 DI 10.1080/00103629709369790 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA WR190 UT WOS:A1997WR19000008 ER PT J AU Wilson, MA Burt, R Lynn, WC Klameth, LC AF Wilson, MA Burt, R Lynn, WC Klameth, LC TI Total elemental analysis digestion method evaluation on soils and clays SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE AB The standard digestion method for total elemental analysis of soil material by the Soil Survey Laboratory (USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service) uses a 2-mL clay suspension with hydrofluoric acid (HF) in a closed Teflon digestion vessel (method HF-SUS). The accuracy and efficiency of elemental recovery by method HF-SUS was compared to: (a) modification of HF-SUS by use of a dried sample (method HF-DRI); (b) modification of HF-SUS by use of a dried sample and HF+aqua regia (method HF+AR); (c) sample digestion by Li metaborate fusion (method FUS); and (d) microwave digestion of samples with HF+aqua regia in Teflon bombs (method MICRO). Three replications of three standard reference materials (SRMs), fine-earth (<2 mm) from 12 soils, and the clay (<2 mu m) from 10 of those soils were analyzed. Method HF+AR shows the most consistent statistical agreement with the certified SRM values. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates significant effects (alpha=0.05) for method of digestion, nonsignificant effects for method times SRM and method times clay, but significant effects for method times fine-earth. Composition and/or variability of material are significant factors in the method of digestion. Method HF+AR yields significantly higher experimental means of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and K2O contents and oxide recovery (summation of experimental means for oxides of all reported elements) than all other methods. RP Wilson, MA (reprint author), NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV, USDA,SOIL SURVEY LAB,152 FED BLDG,MS 41, 100 CENTENNIAL MALL N, LINCOLN, NE 68508 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 6-8 BP 407 EP 426 DI 10.1080/00103629709369800 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA WW320 UT WOS:A1997WW32000001 ER PT J AU Wutscher, HK AF Wutscher, HK TI Soil acidity and citrus blight SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID AFFECTED ORANGE TREES; HEALTHY; ELEMENTS; WATER; PH AB The pH and the reserve (exchangeable) acidity of 147 soil samples, taken at 0-30 cm depth at eight locations covering most of Florida's citrus growing area, were determined using a 1:1 soil:water ratio for pH and the triethanolamine method for reserve (exchangeable) acidity. The percentage of ''active acidity'' (pH) of reserve acidity was calculated by the formula: mmol H+ of active acidity x 100/mmol H+ reserve acidity kg(-1) soil x 1000 The samples were taken at the dripline of orange trees identified as ''healthy'' or ''citrus blight affected'' by standard diagnostic methods or in random patterns to obtain averages for the whole area. Soil pH was consistently about 1 pH unit higher under blight-affected trees and the percentage of active acidity to reserve acidity was significantly lower at six of seven sites. This percentage was inversely correlated (r=-0.88 and -0.66) with the percentage of blight-affected trees in two locations in distinct production areas. RP Wutscher, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, HORT RES LAB, SAA, 2120 CAMDEN RD, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 EI 1532-2416 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 6-8 BP 603 EP 612 DI 10.1080/00103629709369814 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA WW320 UT WOS:A1997WW32000015 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA Potter, KN Morrison, JE AF Torbert, HA Potter, KN Morrison, JE TI Tillage intensity and fertility level effects on nitrogen and carbon cycling in a vertisol SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NO-TILLAGE; GRASSLAND SOILS; MINERALIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS AB Because of erosion problems, an effort has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of tillage intensity on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling on a vertisol. Soil samples at 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm depth were collected from a split plot experiment with five different levels of tillage intensity on Houston Black soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellusterts). The experiment was a split plot design with 5 replications. The main plots were chisel tillage, reduced tillage, row tillage, strip tillage, and no tillage. The subplots were soil fertility levels with either high or low fertilizer application rate. Total N, total phosphorus (P), organic C, inorganic N, and C:N ratio were measured on soil samples as well as the potential C mineralization, N mineralization, C turnover, and C:N mineralization ratio during a 30 d incubation. Total P and organic C in soil were increased, with 0.9 and 0.8 kg P ha(-1) and 20.6 and 20.0 kg C ha(-1), for high and low soil fertility, respectively. Fertilizer application had no effect on either total N at the 0-10 cm depth, or on soil nutrient status below 10 cm. Potential soil N mineralization was decreased at the 0-10 cm depth and increased at the 20-30 cm depth by the high fertilizer treatment. Chisel tillage decreased total N and P in the 0-10 cm depth, with 1.4 and 1.6 kg N ha(-1) and 0.8 and 0.9 kg P ha(-1). However, chisel tillage increased total N and p at the 10-20 cm depth, with 1.3 and 1.2 kg N ha(-1), and 0.72 and 0.66 kg P ha(-1) for chisel tillage and no tillage, respectively. Tillage intensity increased C mineralization and C turnover, but reduced N mineralization at the 0-10 cm depth. The results indicate that intensively tilled soil had a greater capacity for C mineralization and for reductions in soil organic C levels compared to less intensively tilled systems. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 9-10 BP 699 EP 710 DI 10.1080/00103629709369822 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA XE927 UT WOS:A1997XE92700005 ER PT J AU Morris, DR Clason, TR AF Morris, DR Clason, TR TI Summer forage production under loblolly pine stands SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID HERBAGE AB A three-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate forage yield and quality production in 22-year-old loblolly pine plantings. Evaluations were performed under acid soil conditions (average pH 4.8+/-0.2). Treatments were native grasses, 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), 'Common' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], and 'Coastal' bermudagrass. Forage was harvested every 21 days, beginning in April and ending in September, annually. 'Coastal' bermudagrass had the highest total dry matter yield (average 3.1 Mg ha(-1)), followed by bahiagrass (2.1 Mg ha(-1)). Native grasses and 'Common' bermudagrass produced similar yields (average 1.3 Mg ha(-1)). Dry matter distributions over season showed similar rankings as total dry yields. Forage dry yield and quality declined over the season for all forages; in vitro dry matter disappearance and crude protein decreased, while neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (ADF) increased. Forage quality differences among forage species were few; the exception was that bahiagrass tended to be a couple of percentage units higher in ADF compared with the other grasses of the species included in this study. 'Coastal' bermudagrass and bahiagrass appear to be most suitable for forage production in acid soil under maturing loblolly pine stands. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,HILL FARM RES STN,HOMER,LA 71040. RP Morris, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,AIRPORT RD,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 9-10 BP 717 EP 726 DI 10.1080/00103629709369824 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA XE927 UT WOS:A1997XE92700007 ER PT J AU Harris, D Porter, LK Paul, EA AF Harris, D Porter, LK Paul, EA TI Continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry of carbon dioxide trapped as strontium carbonate SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS AB The isotopic signal provided by differential discrimination against atmospheric carbon dioxide ((CO2)-C-13) by C-3 and C-4 plant photosynthetic pathways is being widely used to study the processes of carbon (C) fixation, soil organic matter formation, and mineralization in nature. These studies have been facilitated by the availability of automated C and nitrogen (N) combustion analyzers (ANCA) combined with continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometers (CFIRMS). Analysis of (CO2)-C-13, in these instruments requires consistent sample mass for best precision, a requirement that is easily satisfied for soil and tissue samples by adjusting sample weight. Consistent CO2 sample size is much more difficult to achieve using gas handling systems for samples of headspace gases when CO2 concentrations vary widely. Long storage of gaseous samples also is difficult. Extended respiration studies are most easily conducted by trapping CO2 in alkali and conversion to an insoluble carbonate. Thermal decomposition of the carbonate in an on-line ANCA allows consistent and optimal CO2 sample mass to be obtained. The use of precipitated carbonates also facilitates storage of samples and enables full automation of sample analysis using an ANCA interfaced to a CFIRMS. Calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba) carbonates were tested. Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) with the addition of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) as a combustion catalyst was found most suitable. C1 ARS,USDA,NRRC,NPA,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP Harris, D (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 14 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 18 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 9-10 BP 747 EP 757 DI 10.1080/00103629709369827 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA XE927 UT WOS:A1997XE92700010 ER PT J AU Clark, RB Zeto, SK Ritchey, KD Baligar, VC AF Clark, RB Zeto, SK Ritchey, KD Baligar, VC TI Maize growth and mineral acquisition on acid soil amended with flue gas desulfurization by-products and magnesium SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM TOXICITY; FIXATION; WHEAT; CORN AB The large amounts of coal combustion by-products (CCBs) generated by coal burning power plants must be utilized or discarded, and beneficial use of these materials are desired. One beneficial use of CCBs could be application to agricultural land. Information about the use of one kind of CCB (flue gas desulfurization by-product, FGD-BP) on soil is limited. Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown (greenhouse) on an acid soil [Umbric Dystrochrept, pH(Ca) (1:1, soil:10 mM CaCl2) 4.2] amended with two high CaSO4 FGD-BPs (5 and 15 g . kg(-1) soil) and CaCO3 (2.5 and 5.0 g . kg(-1) soil) at varied calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) equivalency ratios (0/0, 1/0, 1/0.01, 1/0.05, 1/0.1, and 1/0.5) to determine treatment effects on growth traits [shoot and root dry matter (DM) and total and specific root length (RL)], mineral concentrations in leaves, and soil pH and electrical conductivity [(EC) 1:1, soil:water]. Magnesium deficiency symptoms were induced on leaves of plants grown with and without low Mg, and the Mg to Ca ratio in each amendment needed to be about 1 to 20 to alleviate Mg deficiency. Shoot and root DM and total RL of plants grown with FGD-BPs became higher as Mg increased. Specific RL (total RL/root DM, root fineness) was not affected by FGD-BP and only slightly by Ca/Mg ratio. Shoot concentrations of Mg increased; Ca, phosphorus (P), and manganese (Mn) decreased; and potassium (K), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) remained relatively constant as amendment and Mg increased. On unamended soil, aluminum (Al) and Mn concentrations in shoots were above normal. Enhancement of growth was closely related to increased soil pH compared to added Mg for CaCO3 amended soil and to increased Mg compared to increased soil pH for FGD-BP amended soil. Except at the highest level of Mg where soil pH increased, added FGD-BPs and Mg had only limited effect on increasing soil pH. Soil EC increased from added FGD-BPs but not fi om added Mg, and EC was not sufficiently high to be detrimental to plants. Maize grown on this acid soil amended with FGD-BPs received benefits when caution was used to alleviate mineral deficiencies/toxicities inherent in the soil. RP Clark, RB (reprint author), ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,USDA,POB 400,BEAVER,WV 25813, USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 15-16 BP 1441 EP 1459 DI 10.1080/00103629709369886 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA XX339 UT WOS:A1997XX33900015 ER PT J AU Clay, DE Chang, J Clay, SA Ellsbury, M Carlson, CG Malo, DD Woodson, D DeSutter, T AF Clay, DE Chang, J Clay, SA Ellsbury, M Carlson, CG Malo, DD Woodson, D DeSutter, T TI Field scale variability of nitrogen and delta N-15 in soil and plants SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID N-15; ABUNDANCE AB Understanding the factors that influence soil and plant nitrogen (N) spatial variability may improve our ability to develop management systems that maximize productivity and minimize environmental hazards. The objective of this study was to determine the field (65 ha) scale spatial variability of N and delta(15)N in soil and corn (Zea mays). Soil, grain, and stover samples were collected from grids that ranged in size from 30 by 30 m to 60 by 60 m. Plant samples, collected following physiological maturity in 1995, were analyzed for total N and delta(15)N. Soil samples, collected prior to planting in the spring of 1995 and 1996, were analyzed for inorganic-N, total N, and delta(15)N. All parameters showed strong spatial relationships. In an undrained portion of the field containing somewhat poorly and poorly drained soils there was a net loss of 95 kg N ha(-1), while in an adjacent area that was tile drained there was a net gain of 98 kg N ha(-1). Denitrification and N mineralization most likely were responsible for losses and gains, respectively. Differences between the N balances of these areas (193 kg N ha(-1)) provide a relative measure of the impact of tile drainage on plant N availability and greenhouse gas production in a wet year. C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECT RES,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. RP Clay, DE (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 17-18 BP 1513 EP 1527 DI 10.1080/00103629709369893 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA YD522 UT WOS:A1997YD52200004 ER PT J AU Indiati, R Sharpley, AN AF Indiati, R Sharpley, AN TI Changes in some soil phosphorus availability parameters as induced by phosphorus addition and soil sorption properties SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED FILTER-PAPER; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; PHOSPHATE; SEDIMENT AB Changes in agronomic and environmental soil phosphorus (P) availability parameters, i.e., Mehlich- and Olsen-extractable P, reversibly-adsorbed P, soil-solution P, and equilibrium-P concentration were determined following equilibration of 13 Italian soils with five rates of P application (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg P kg(-1) soil). Soil P availability as determined by each parameter increased with added P. The relative change in soil P availability with added P was a function of soil sorption index silicon (SI), according to the equation DP=(P-added)(a*)exp(b+g(*)SI). This equation accounted for 94 to 98% of the variance in soil-P availability. The inclusion of Si in a soil testing program may increase the reliability in assessing both soil-P fertilizer requirements and the vulnerability of a soil to P loss in runoff following land application of fertilizer or manure P. C1 USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA. RP Indiati, R (reprint author), IST SPERIMEENTALE NUTR PIANTE,VIA NAVICELLA 2,I-00184 ROME,ITALY. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 17-18 BP 1565 EP 1578 DI 10.1080/00103629709369897 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA YD522 UT WOS:A1997YD52200008 ER PT J AU Lengnick, LL AF Lengnick, LL TI Spatial variability of early season nitrogen availability indicators in corn SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOIL PROPERTIES; VARIOGRAMS; NITRATE AB The pre-sidedress nitrate test (PSNT), a soil test used to refine sidedress fertilizer nitrogen (N) recommendations in corn (Zea mays L.), has shown great potential to reduce the excessive use of N fertilizer in corn production systems in the Northeast. The research reported in this paper evaluated the application of the PSNT to site-specific management by investigating the spatial variability of several early season soil and plant indicators of N availability in a uniformly managed 16-ha no-till corn production field. The spatial variation in PSNT nitrate concentrations, total organic carbon (C) and N in the soil, and corn biomass yield and N content at the fifth leaf development stage were characterized from 189 samples taken during the 1994 growing season on a triangular grid with a 30 m minimum separation distance. There were no significant correlations found between any of the variables studied. All the variables studied were normally distributed with the exception of total organic C and biomass yield, both of which approximated a log-normal distribution. Geostatistical analysis revealed significant spatial variation and spherical semivariogram models were developed for each variable. Results suggest that the average minimum grid size used in this study (30 m) may not have been adequate for an accurate estimation of nugget semivariance in total soil C and N and corn tissue N concentration. Plant indicators exhibited landscape features influencing biomass production and N uptake that were not revealed by the soil variables studied. These results illustrate the potential utility of integrating soil and plant productivity indicators to identify and address limitations to crop production using site-specific management. RP Lengnick, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NAT RESOURCES INST,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 19-20 BP 1721 EP 1736 DI 10.1080/00103629709369912 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA YH618 UT WOS:A1997YH61800005 ER PT J AU Rhoades, JD Manteghi, NA Lesch, SM Slovacek, DC AF Rhoades, JD Manteghi, NA Lesch, SM Slovacek, DC TI Determining soil and water sodicity from electrode measurements SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB A method is presented for estimating the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the saturated soil-paste extract from three electrode measurements made directly in the saturated soil-paste. An analogous method is presented for the determination of the SAR of extracts and solutions solely from electrode measurements made in the extract or solution. Both methods are carried out without the use of pH and ionic strength buffers. The methods were tested on a widespread range of salt-affected soils and their extracts; they are deemed suitable for field applications in the diagnosis, screening, and classification of sodic soils and waters. C1 HACH CO,LOVELAND,CO 80539. RP Rhoades, JD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 19-20 BP 1737 EP 1765 DI 10.1080/00103629709369913 PG 29 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA YH618 UT WOS:A1997YH61800006 ER PT J AU Masler, EP Kovaleva, ES AF Masler, EP Kovaleva, ES TI Aminopeptidase-like activity in hemolymph plasma from larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aminopeptidase; column chromatography; gel electrophoresis; hemolymph; insect development; Lymantria dispar; plasma; protease inhibitors ID MET-ENKEPHALIN; MYTILUS-EDULIS; INHIBITOR; MEMBRANE; ENDOPEPTIDASE; INACTIVATION; PEPTIDASES; AMERICANA; INVIVO AB Aminopeptidase was isolated from the plasma fraction of hemolymph from last instar larvae of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar. Activity was detected using the Synthetic substrate L-alanine-4-nitroanilide. Total aminopeptidase activity per microliter of plasma varied with developmental stage. Activity was detected throughout the last (fifth) larval instar and increased throughout the pupal stage. The relatively large volumes of hemolymph that could be collected from day-1, fifth instar larvae made this the stage of choice for plasma preparation and enzyme purification. Hemolymph plasma was fractionated by TSK-DEAE-5PW ion exchange chromatography. Seventy percent of all aminopeptidase-like activity was detected in column fractions eluting near 125 mM NaCl. The enzyme was further purified using a combination of ion exchange and size exclusion (TSK-G2000SW(XL)) methods. Purity was assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Native and denaturing electrophoresis results suggest that the enzyme, termed AP-125, is a hexamer of approximately 420,000 MW. The enzyme is inhibited competitively by amastatin (2 mu M) and noncompetitively by leuhistin (1 mu M). AP-125 is a new insect aminopeptidase, differing from those reported thus far in molecular weight, subunit composition and inhibitor response. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ZOOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E, 10300 BALTIMORE AVE, B-306, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 116 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0305-0491(96)00194-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA WL497 UT WOS:A1997WL49700001 ER PT J AU Fleming, MW AF Fleming, MW TI Cortisol as an indicator of severity of parasitic infections of Haemonchus contortus in lambs (Ovis aries) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sheep; adrenal glands; cortisol; stress; well-being; parasite; nematode ID ISOLATION STRESS; REPEATED RESTRAINT; TAIL DOCKING; RESPONSES; SHEEP; CASTRATION AB Two experiments were conducted with lambs to examine the effects of experimental infections of Haemonchus contortus on circulating cortisol levels. In both experiments, naive lambs were divided into three groups based on inoculum doses of 0 (control), 2000 (low dose) and 20,000 (high dose) infective larvae. In experiment 1, the lambs were sampled once daily from day 1 post-inoculation (p.i.) until day 39 p.i. Lambs from the high-dose group had significantly higher sustained levels of cortisol throughout the course of the infection than either the low-dose group or control lambs. In experiment 2, blood was sampled at 30-min intervals for 4 hr on day 21 p.i. The high-dose group also had highest cortisol levels. The consequences of chronic stress and the resultant elevated cortisol concentrations potentially could compromise animal health and animal well-being. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Fleming, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 116 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0305-0491(96)00157-5 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA WL497 UT WOS:A1997WL49700005 PM 9080661 ER PT J AU Anosa, VO LoganHenfrey, LL Wells, CW AF Anosa, VO LoganHenfrey, LL Wells, CW TI The haematology of Trypanosoma congolense infection in cattle .2. Macrophage structure and function in the bone marrow of Boran cattle SO COMPARATIVE HAEMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone marrow; cattle; macrophage function; Trypanosoma congolense ID MICE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; BRUCEI INFECTION; VIVAX INFECTION; ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; SHEEP; LIGHT; PHAGOCYTOSIS; SUPPRESSION; CALVES AB Macrophages (M phi) in smears and sections of sternal bone marrow (BM) derived by weekly sequential biopsies from five adult Boran cattle re-challenged with Trypanosoma congolense were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system including monoblasts, promonocytes, monocytes and M phi increased severalfold in the sinusoids and haemopoietic compartment (HC) of the BM during infection. M phi activation occurred with significant increases (p<0.001) in M phi size and numbers of organelles including mitochondria, lysosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Light microscopic examination of the BM smears showed that 25.8% of 1200 M phi examined phagocytosed many non-mitotic haemopoietic cells of the erythroid and granulocytic series as well as mature erythrocytes and thrombocytes but seldom lymphocytes from day 29 postinfection (dpi), when the first peak of parasitaemia occurred, until and termination of the experiment on 98 dpi. Some of the Mer with phagocytosed cells (10.4%) had cells from more than one lineage. TEM confirmed cytophagia and showed that the process begins with cell to M phi attraction characterised by development of microvilli at the surface of contact by the target cell and of enveloping pseudopodia:by the Mel. This was followed by target cell. to M phi adhesion and finally phagocytosis. The cells being phagocytosed and those freshly engulfed appeared morphologically normal. Many Mer were heavily laden with haemosiderin in the chronic phase of the infection (78 and 98 dpi). TEM showed that the activated M phi in the BM developed extensive contacts through reciprocal blunt microvilli with the haemopoietic cells. Macrophages were absent from the sinusoids of the BM prior to infection but became numerous during infection, and were adhered to sinusoidal endothelial cells by reciprocal blunt microvilli. These M phi phagocytosed blood cells (erythrocytes, neutrophils, thrombocytes), and free trypanosomes which, though present in the arterioles of the BM, were never seen in the sinusoids and HC of the BM. This study indicates that the Mpi plays very vital roles in regulating and executing the events in the BM during T. congolense infection of cattle. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INT LIVESTOCK RES INST,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-7714 J9 COMP HAEMATOL INT JI Comp. Haematol. Int. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1007/BF01320995 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA WW045 UT WOS:A1997WW04500004 ER PT B AU Castellano, MA AF Castellano, MA BE Kaye, TN Liston, A Love, RM Luoma, DL Meinke, RJ Wilson, MV TI Towards a RED list for Oregon macrofungi SO CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF NATIVE PLANTS AND FUNGI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oregon Conference on the Conservation and Management of Native Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi CY NOV 15-17, 1995 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP Native Plant Soc Oregon, Oregon Dept Agr, Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDI Bur Land Management, Oregon State Off HO OREGON STATE UNIV DE Basidiomycotina; Ascomycotina; biodiversity; rare; fungi AB Oregon's great diversity of habitats, environments, and terrestrial plants have contributed to high fungal diversity in the state. President Clinton's Northwest Forest Plan and the Interior Columbia River Basin Assessment together provide vehicles to assess macrofungus diversity over most of Oregon's landscape. A preliminary list of macrofungi of special concern is recommended as a beginning point for the creation of a RED list for macrofungi of Oregon. This list includes the area of Oregon east of the Cascade crest and much of western Oregon. Macrofungi of special concern residing in habitat not covered by the Northwest Forest Plan need additional assessment for western Oregon. Diversity assessment for microfungi lags far behind assessments for macrofungi so the former are excluded from the present list. The development and evolution of this RED list likely will engender considerable debate, as occurred when the list of threatened and endanger ed Oregon plants was established. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Castellano, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY OREGON PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 902, EUGENE, OR 97440 USA BN 0-9656852-0-9 PY 1997 BP 222 EP 226 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA BM28S UT WOS:000078270700031 ER PT B AU Vance, NC Kirkland, MJ AF Vance, NC Kirkland, MJ BE Kaye, TN Liston, A Love, RM Luoma, DL Meinke, RJ Wilson, MV TI Commercially harvested bryophytes associated with Acer circinatum (Aceraceae) SO CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF NATIVE PLANTS AND FUNGI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oregon Conference on the Conservation and Management of Native Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi CY NOV 15-17, 1995 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP Native Plant Soc Oregon, Oregon Dept Agr, Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDI Bur Land Management, Oregon State Off HO OREGON STATE UNIV DE bryophytes; moss; Acer circinatum ID MOSSES AB Epiphytic bryophytes, highly desired for use as a decorative by the floral and greens industries, grow on understory trees in Pacific Northwest forests. Increased demand for bryophytes (called "moss" by the industry) raises concerns about exceeding the sustainability of these commercially important non-vascular plants. Very little is known about the growth and recovery following commercial harvest of these species and the ecological role they play in ecosystems of the western Cascades and Coast Ranges. In order to manage ecosystems effectively, the harvest of this product needs to follow guidelines that ensure sustainability and maintain biodiversity. The primary objective of this study is to determine the regeneration rate of bryophyte communities following harvest from stems of vine maple (Acer circinatum Pursh). Eight study sites, located on the lower Cascade and Coast Ranges in western Oregon were established in summer 1994. Each study site includes two harvest treatments: complete removal of all bryophytes along Vine maple stems and partial removal of bryophytes, preserving small patches on the stem. Eighteen moss species and six liverwort species were identified from the epiphyte communities at the eight sites. The most dominant bryophytes included Isothecium myosuroides, Eurhynchium oreganun, Neckera douglasii, and Porella navicularis. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Vance, NC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY OREGON PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 902, EUGENE, OR 97440 USA BN 0-9656852-0-9 PY 1997 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA BM28S UT WOS:000078270700038 ER PT J AU Hama, MY AF Hama, MY BE Leech, IE TI What we eat in America - Does season make a difference? SO CONSUMER INTERESTS ANNUAL, VOL 43: 43RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON CONSUMER INTERESTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Conference of the American-Council-on-Consumer-Interests CY APR 02-05, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Council Consumer Interests AB Availability influences consumers' selection of the foods they eat. Modern technology and agricultural research advances have made seasonal foods obtainable year round and throughout the United States. Yet, intakes of some foods do vary by season. C1 USDA ARS,BHNRC,FOOD SURVEYS RES GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COUNCIL COMSUMER INTERESTS PI COLUMBIA PA 240 STANLEY HALL, UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 PY 1997 BP 161 EP 161 PG 1 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BJ73T UT WOS:A1997BJ73T00036 ER PT J AU Beck, MA Levander, OA AF Beck, MA Levander, OA TI Effects of nutritional antioxidants and other dietary constituents on coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis SO COXSACKIE B VIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SELENIUM-DEFICIENT MICE; POST-WEANING UNDERNUTRITION; KESHAN DISEASE; B3 INFECTION; VITAMIN-E; ENDEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS; VIRAL-INFECTION; FREE-RADICALS; ADULT MICE C1 DEPT PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Beck, MA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,105 SMITH LEVEL RD,CB 8180,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 1997 VL 223 BP 81 EP 96 PG 16 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BJ47L UT WOS:A1997BJ47L00005 PM 9294926 ER PT J AU Alig, R Adams, D Mccarl, B Callaway, JM Winnett, S AF Alig, R Adams, D Mccarl, B Callaway, JM Winnett, S TI Assessing effects of mitigation strategies for global climate change with an intertemporal model of the US forest and agriculture sectors SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Forestry CY MAY 15-19, 1995 CL BERGENDAL, SWEDEN DE land-use change; afforestation; intersectoral; climate change; carbon ID CARBON; LAND; COST AB A model of product and land markets in U.S. forest and agricultural sectors is used to examine the private forest management, land use, and market implications of carbon sequestration policies implemented in a "least social cost" fashion. Results suggest: policy-induced land use changes may generate compensating land use shifts through markets; land use shifts to meet policy targets need not be permanent; implementation of land use and management changes in a smooth or regular fashion over time may not be optimal; land use changes account for the largest part of adjustments to meet policy targets; and forest management changes involve higher intensity and less forest type conversion. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RCG Hagler Bailly Inc, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Alig, R (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 27 SI SI BP S97 EP S111 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT299 UT WOS:000071586800007 ER PT J AU Parks, PJ Hall, DO Kristrom, B Masera, OR Moulton, RJ Plantinga, AJ Swisher, JN Winjum, JK AF Parks, PJ Hall, DO Kristrom, B Masera, OR Moulton, RJ Plantinga, AJ Swisher, JN Winjum, JK TI An economic approach to planting trees for carbon storage SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Forestry CY MAY 15-19, 1995 CL BERGENDAL, SWEDEN DE global change; forests; carbon; plantations; tree planting; project evaluation AB Methods are described for evaluating economic and carbon storage aspects of tree planting projects (e.g., plantations for restoration, roundwood, bioenergy, and nonwood products). Total carbon (C) stock is dynamic and comprises C in vegetation, decomposing matter, soil, products, and fuel substituted. An alternative (reference) case is essential for project evaluation. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Agr Econ & Mkt, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ London Kings Coll, London WC2R 2LS, England. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Forestry, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ecol, Michoacan, Mexico. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Orono, ME USA. UNEP, Ctr Collaborat, Riso Natl Lab, Roskilde, Denmark. USEPA, NCASI, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Parks, PJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Agr Econ & Mkt, POB 231, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 27 SI SI BP S9 EP S21 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT299 UT WOS:000071586800002 ER PT J AU Perez-Garcia, J Joyce, LA Binkley, CS Mcguire, AD AF Perez-Garcia, J Joyce, LA Binkley, CS Mcguire, AD TI Economic impacts of climatic change on the global forest sector: An integrated ecological/economic assessment SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Forestry CY MAY 15-19, 1995 CL BERGENDAL, SWEDEN DE global forest sector; ecological/economic assessment ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RESPONSES; MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; PLANTS AB Increased atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and any associated climatic changes will affect many aspects of forests, including net primary productivity. Operating through normal timber-supply mechanisms, changes in forest growth will affect forest products markets-production, consumption, prices and trade-throughout the world. These impacts are simulated by linking the climatic change scenarios from the four commonly used general circulation models (GCMs) of climate with a model of global vegetation response (the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model) and a model of global forest products trade (the University of Washington Cintrafor Global Trade Model). The four GCMs produce surprisingly consistent economic results, with expanding net primary productivity of the world's forests generally hurting timber producing regions and benefiting consumers. The overall net economic impact is positive, with the net present value (computed with a 4% real discount rate) of the benefits to the forest sector ranging from $US1980 10.7 billion to 15.9, depending on the choice of GCM and economic scenario. Uncertainty in the economic models appears to be at least as great as the uncertainty in the GCMs. C1 Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Washington, Ctr Int Trade Forest Prod, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Binkley, CS (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 EI 1547-6537 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 27 SI SI BP S123 EP S138 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT299 UT WOS:000071586800009 ER PT J AU Richards, KR Alig, R Kinsman, JD Palo, M Sohngen, B AF Richards, KR Alig, R Kinsman, JD Palo, M Sohngen, B TI Consideration of country and forestry/land-use characteristics in choosing forestry instruments to achieve climate mitigation goals SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Forestry CY MAY 15-19, 1995 CL BERGENDAL, SWEDEN DE carbon sequestration; policy instruments; land use; forestry ID CARBON AB To implement effective carbon sequestration policies policymakers must analyze key characteristics of the country (geographic, institutional, economic, and infrastructural factors) and forestry and land-use practices (the degree of risk associated with investment, the relative difficulty in measuring Sequestration, and the degree of discretion allowed). Without careful analysis of this type, policies may have unintended negative effects. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Washington, DC USA. US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, Corvallis, OR USA. Edison Elect Inst, Washington, DC USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Richards, KR (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 27 SI SI BP S47 EP S64 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YT299 UT WOS:000071586800004 ER PT J AU Imafidon, GI Farkye, NY Spanier, AM AF Imafidon, GI Farkye, NY Spanier, AM TI Isolation, purification, and alteration of some functional groups of major milk proteins: A review SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE alteration; isolation; milk proteins; purification ID BOVINE BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; FAT GLOBULE MEMBRANE; ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHEY PROTEINS; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; CHEDDAR CHEESE; FOOD PROTEINS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; INVIVO DIGESTS; PEPTIDYLARGININE DEIMINASE AB This review covers selected methods of isolation and purification of mainly alpha(s)-casein, beta-casein, kappa-casein, beta-lactoglobulin, and alpha-lactalbumin. Selected methods of alteration of some functional groups of these proteins also were reviewed. Isolation and purification of milk proteins per se are methods of modifying the individual milk proteins. Gram quantities of these proteins can now be purified in a relatively short time using ion-exchange resins. Due to the prominent use of non-food-grade reagents in the procedures for preparation of these milk proteins, individual proteins are not maximally utilized for the manufacture of food/feed and pharmaceutical products. Therefore, intensive research efforts are needed to obviate the problems associated with underutilization of milk proteins. C1 CALIF POLYTECH STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO, DAIRY PROD TECHNOL CTR, SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA 93407 USA. USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. RP Imafidon, GI (reprint author), BIOPROD INC, RES & DEV, 1048 S HIELAND RD, ST ANNE, IL 60964 USA. NR 187 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1997 VL 37 IS 7 BP 663 EP 689 PG 27 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA YJ938 UT WOS:A1997YJ93800004 PM 9408731 ER PT J AU Gorman, SW McCormick, S AF Gorman, SW McCormick, S TI Male sterility in tomato SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE pollen; tapetum; sporophytic genes; functional mutants; structural mutants; sporogenous mutants; hybrid seed ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; TAPETUM-SPECIFIC GENE; BRASSICA-NAPUS L; STAMENLESS-2 MUTANT; ANTHER DEVELOPMENT; POLLEN DEVELOPMENT; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MICROSPORE DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO AB Male sterility research has been directed toward two goals: identifying genes required for the pollen development pathway and, more practically, identifying genetically stable lines that can be used in hybrid seed-breeding programs. The present resurgence of interest in male sterility remains true to these goals, but in addition seeks a molecular understanding of pollen development in order to genetically engineer controllable male sterility for hybrid seed production. In this review, we discuss the genetic and histochemical studies of tomato male sterile mutants that were conducted prior to 1970 in the context of gene expression and interaction. We also examine the use of molecular biological techniques in recent studies of male sterility and report on the current strategies being used for hybrid seed production. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ARS,ALBANY,CA 94710. OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 88 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 18 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 31 EP 53 DI 10.1080/713608142 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WF925 UT WOS:A1997WF92500002 ER PT J AU Friedman, M McDonald, GM AF Friedman, M McDonald, GM TI Potato glycoalkaloids: Chemistry, analysis, safety, and plant physiology SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE potatoes; Solanum tuberosum; glycoalkaloids; chaconine; solanine; solanidine; analysis; nutrition; food safety; plant-host resistance; storage; processing; plant molecular biology; plant physiology; plant genetics ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; NITRATE-NITROGEN-CONTENT; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SCANNING-ARRAY DETECTION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS AB Potatoes, members of the Solanaceae plant family, serve as a major, inexpensive food source for both energy (starch) and good-quality protein, with worldwide production of about 350 million tons per year. U.S. per capita consumption of potatoes is about 61 kg/year. Potatoes also produce potentially toxic glycoalkaloids, both during growth and after harvest. Glycoalkaloids appear to be more toxic to man than to other animals. The toxicity may be due to anticholinesterase activity of the glycoalkaloids on the central nervous system and to disruptions of cell membranes affecting the digestive system and other organs. The possible contribution of glycoalkaloids to the multifactorial aspects of teratogenicity is inconclusive. Possible safe levels are controversial; guidelines limiting glycoalkaloid content of potato cultivars are currently being debated. This review presents an integrated, critical assessment of the multifaceted aspects of the role glycoalkaloids play in nutrition and food safety; chemistry and analysis; plant physiology, including biosynthesis, distribution, inheritance, host-plant resistance, and molecular biology; preharvest conditions such as soil composition and climate; and postharvest events such as effects of light, temperature, storage time, humidity, mechanical injury, sprouting inhibition, and processing. Further research needs are suggested for each of these categories in order to minimize pre- and postharvest glycoalkaloid synthesis. The overlapping aspects are discussed in terms of general concepts for a better understanding of the impact of glycoalkaloids in plants and in the human diet. Such an understanding can lead to the development of potato varieties with a low content of undesirable compounds and will further promote the utilization of potatoes as a premier food source for animals and humans. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 568 TC 238 Z9 246 U1 13 U2 77 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 55 EP 132 DI 10.1080/713608144 PG 78 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WF925 UT WOS:A1997WF92500003 ER PT J AU Clark, RL Shands, HL Bretting, PK Eberhart, SA AF Clark, RL Shands, HL Bretting, PK Eberhart, SA TI Managing large diverse germplasm collections SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORE COLLECTION AB International Agricultural Research Centers and a number of countries have assembled large collections of genetic resources managed in ex situ genebanks, In addition, some countries are managing in situ collections of selected germplasm, Pressure to reduce pubic funding of all government activities continues to force genebank managers to be more efficient and effective while maintaining quality factors such as high germinability, genetic integrity, and freedom from diseases and insect damage, Quality seed begins in the field at pollination time when flowers of allogamous species are bagged or caged to exclude foreign pollen. Complete seed maturation and drying before harvest provides material that will have optimal storage life, Properly maintained cold room conditions (4 degrees C and 25-30% RH for most seeds) will ensure maximum longevity and reduce the number of regenerations necessary for each accession. C1 USDA ARS GENET RESOURCES,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRO STN,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP Clark, RL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM INTRO & TESTING UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700001 ER PT J AU Schneider, KA Brothers, ME Kelly, JD AF Schneider, KA Brothers, ME Kelly, JD TI Marker-assisted selection to improve drought resistance in common bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; MOLECULAR-MARKER; FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; MAIZE; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTS; INHERITANCE; EFFICIENCY AB Breeding for a quantitative trait like drought resistance would be facilitated by the development of a method of marker-assisted selection (MAS) that is capable of identifying high performing genotypes in early generations, Two recombinant inbred populations were grown from 1990 to 1994 at eight locations in Michigan and Mexico under stress and nonstress conditions to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with drought resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Six-hundred random decamer primers were screened against the parents of the two populations, 50% of which were polymorphic, Seventy of these polymorphic primers were screened against each population, Using one-way analysis of variance and multiple regression, four RAPD markers were identified in one population and five in another that were consistently and significantly associated with yield under stress, yield under nonstress, and/or geometric mean yield across a broad range of environments, To test the effectiveness of MAS for drought resistance, markers were used to select genotypes from either extreme, Yield data from three locations were examined to evaluate the effectiveness of these marker-based selections. Marker-assisted selection in the Sierra/AC1028 population was found to be effective in Michigan under severe stress and ineffective in Mexico under moderate stress, The five RAPD markers used for MAS in the Sierra/Lef-2RB population improved performance 11% under stress and 8% under nonstress, whereas conventional selection based on yield performance failed to increase performance, response to conventional selection was three times greater in the Sierra/AC1028 population, supporting the conclusion that the effectiveness of MAS is inversely proportional to the heritability of the trait under examination. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,N CENT REG PLANT INTRO STN,AMES,IA 50011. NR 24 TC 72 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700008 ER PT J AU Johnson, JP Carver, BF Baligar, VC AF Johnson, JP Carver, BF Baligar, VC TI Expression of aluminum tolerance transferred from Atlas 66 to hard winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACID SOIL TOLERANCE; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; TOXICITY AB Genetic improvement of acid soil tolerance of wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) adaptable to the Great Plains involves the transfer of Al tolerance from other gene pools. One hindrance may be the interaction of gene effect with genetic background. Aluminum-tolerant near-isolines of hard red winter (HRW) wheat were selected on the basis of the hematoxylin assay using 'Atlas 66' as the source of tolerance. The objectives were to enumerate the genes for Al tolerance in these lines and to quantify their expression in artificial solution and natural soil media containing Al. Laboratory and growth chamber experiments were conducted with Al-tolerant and Al-susceptible near-isolines of 'Chisholm' and 'Century'. Segregation for hematoxylin staining score in populations derived from crossing the tolerant isoline with its recurrent parent indicated a single dominant gene was transferred from Atlas 66. This gene does not appear to be unique relative to '2180'. Dose-response curves for relative root length (RRL) measured in solution culture confirmed differences in Al tolerance predicted by the hematoxylin assay. Each tolerant isoline showed a linear decline in RRL to increasing Al concentration (0.09-0.72 mM Al), while the susceptible isolines and recurrent parents showed a more acute curvilinear response. The tolerant isolines exceeded their recurrent parent by 19% (Chisholm) and 38% (Century) in RRL, measured in five acidic Appalachian soils. While the hematoxylin assay enabled selection of a dominant gene conferring increased root growth in response to Al, complete expression of tolerance from Atlas 66 was not achieved or was modified in these HRW backgrounds. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700016 ER PT J AU Ohm, HW Ratcliffe, RH Patterson, FL Cambron, SE AF Ohm, HW Ratcliffe, RH Patterson, FL Cambron, SE TI Resistance to Hessian fly conditioned by genes H19 and proposed gene H27 of durum wheat line PI422297 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; TEMPERATURE; EXPRESSION AB The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum Desf.) line PI422297 has been reported to carry two genes that condition resistance to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) biotype L, gene H19 and an unnamed gene that is closely associated with gene H16. It is useful to identify the effects of genes that confer host resistance In parental source lines for wheat improvement. Our objectives were to determine the effectiveness of H19 to biotype L at several temperatures, and to determine the effectiveness of the second gene of PI422297 that is closely associated with gene Hid. In the present study, gene H19 was transferred from PI422297 to susceptible durum wheat line D6647 to separate H19 from other genes and to compare it with the other resistance gene in PI422297. Durum wheat lines homozygous for H19 were developed by identifying segregating backcross F-2 families and pedigree selection. In the Fs generation, lines homozygous for H19 were identified from testcrosses involving durum wheat line IN80164 (H16H16). Nearly all seedlings of the homozygous H19 lines were resistant at 19 degrees C, only 42 to 66% were resistant at 23 degrees C, and none were resistant at 26 degrees C. All, 89%, and 15% of PI422297 seedlings were resistant at 19, 23, and 26 degrees C, respectively. All seedlings of line IN80164 (H16H16) were resistant at 19 and 23 degrees C and 84 % were resistant at 26 degrees C. Thus, the second gene in PI422297 is not H16, and it is tentatively designated as H27. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 113 EP 115 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700018 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ Moffatt, JM Erickson, JR AF Peterson, CJ Moffatt, JM Erickson, JR TI Yield stability of hybrid vs pureline hard winter wheats in regional performance trials SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Hybrid hard winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) have shown superior grain yield potential in regional performance trials during the last decade. Evidence for enhanced yield stability, combined with enhanced yield potential, would facilitate wider acceptance of hybrid wheat by growers. Hybrid and pureline yield stability and environmental responsiveness were compared with the use of data from the Southern Regional Performance Nursery (SRPN), 1990 through 1995, and Agripro Standard Variety Trial (SVT), 1993 and 1994. Hybrid and pureline yields were regressed on an environmental index based on location mean yields for purelines, and response slope and deviations were calculated. Analyses were conducted separately for each nursery, as hybrid and pureline entries varied. Hybrids showed significantly higher mean yields compared with purelines and the yield advantage generally increased with increasing environmental yield potential. Average regression slope for hybrids was significantly higher (1.09-1.12) than for purelines (1.0) in the 1994 and 1995 SRPN and 1993 and 1994 SVT. Hybrid slopes were not significantly different from those for purelines in the 1990 through 1993 SRPN, where they ranged from 1.0 to 1.07. There was no crossover in yield response between hybrids and purelines at lower yield levels. Deviations from regression were of similar magnitude for hybrids and purelines. Confidence intervals for hybrid and pureline regressions generally overlapped throughout the observed yield ranges in the SRPN. In the 1993 and 1994 SVT, hybrid and pureline confidence intervals diverged as environmental yield potential increased. Compared with pureline cultivars, hybrid wheats have potential for enhanced mean yield and greater yield response to favorable environmental conditions with similar deviations from expected response. C1 AGRIPRO SEEDS INC,BERTHOUD,CO 80513. HYBRITECH SEED INC,WICHITA,KS 67204. RP Peterson, CJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 116 EP 120 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700019 ER PT J AU Rooney, WL Skinner, DZ Fritz, JO AF Rooney, WL Skinner, DZ Fritz, JO TI Combining ability for protein degradability in alfalfa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION AB The protein in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) forage is degraded extensively and quickly by ruminant animals, and N may be lost through NH3 formation, Recent research has indicated that the degradability of forage protein varies among plants, The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of additive and nonadditive genetic effects for protein degradability traits in an alfalfa population derived from major germplasm sources, Eight alfalfa plants were intercrossed in a half-diallel to produce 28 crossed progenies, Three replications of the crosses and parental clones were transplanted and grown in Riley County, Kansas, Protein percentages were estimated with microKjedahl, and protein degradability was estimated by degradation with the proteolytic enzyme ficin prior to microKjedahl digestion, Specific (nonadditive genetic effects) and general (additive genetic effects) combining abilities were determined for crude and soluble protein, buffer-insoluble and undegradable insoluble protein, and the proportion of undegradable protein/total insoluble protein, Data for each variable on two harvest dates in 1993 and 1994 were used in a combined analysis, Harvest date within years was a significant source of variability for all traits, A significant genotype effect was detected for all traits except undegradable insoluble protein, General combining ability effects were significant for the remaining traits, but specific combining ability effects were significant only for soluble protein. The relative ratios of additive to nonadditive effects were 0.86 for crude protein, 0.70 for soluble protein, 0.74 for insoluble protein, and 0.80 for proportion of undegradable insoluble protein/insoluble protein, The results indicate that genetic effects for alfalfa protein degradability exist and are mostly additive, Recurrent selection procedures should be effective in reducing protein degradability in alfalfa. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Rooney, WL (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700022 ER PT J AU Njiti, VN Suttner, RJ Gray, LE Gibson, PT Lightfoot, DA AF Njiti, VN Suttner, RJ Gray, LE Gibson, PT Lightfoot, DA TI Rate-reducing resistance to Fusarium solani f sp phaseoli underlies field resistance to soybean sudden death syndrome SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRAIT LOCI QTLS; REGISTRATION; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; SEEDLINGS; PRIMERS; MAIZE AB Yield losses occur in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] because of sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. & Ham, type A. Our objective was to determine whether tolerance or partial resistance to infection underlies field resistance to SDS. Seven field resistant cultivars and five susceptible cultivars were planted at two locations. Twenty taproots per cultivar were sampled every 7 to 21 d from the V0 to R8 growth stages, 8 to 121 days after planting (DAP). Six taproot sections per plant were tested for F. solani on a selective medium. Infection frequency (IF), the percentage of infected plants, and infection severity (IS), the percentage of infected root segments, were scored. Leaf symptoms were recorded and standardized to the R6 stage and the disease index (DX) was calculated. Infection was detected at the V1 stage (within 15 DAP) and reached a maximum by about R1 (55-68 DAP). All cultivars were infected by F. solani. However, seasonal mean IF and mean IS were significantly lower among the resistant cultivar class. After R1, infection was also significantly lower among the resistant cultivar class within individual sampling dates. Also, DX and IF were correlated in each environment (r = 0.38 and 0.61). Therefore, in the resistant cultivars Forrest, Ripley, Jack, PI520733, ExF44, ExF59, and ExF78, late season rate-reducing (partial) resistance decreased the DX, IF, and IS. Resistance probably extends the latent period of F, solani. Among susceptible cultivars, Essex and A5403, had reduced leaf symptoms but high IF and IS suggesting tolerance to F. solani that alleviated SDS. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MOL SCI PROGRAM,CARBONDALE,IL 62091. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. OI Lightfoot, David/0000-0002-5725-4381 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 132 EP 138 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700023 ER PT J AU CukadarOlmedo, B Miller, JF AF CukadarOlmedo, B Miller, JF TI Inheritance of the stay green trait in sunflower SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MAIZE AB The stay green trait of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbred lines and hybrids has been observed in the field. These genotypes have greener stems at physiological maturity, potentially resulting in improvements in overall plant health, resistance to drought and pests, and standability. Research on inheritance of the stay green trait may provide valuable information to plant breeders for developing new cultivars with this important trait. This study was conducted to investigate inheritance of the stay green trait between two maintainer (HA234 and HA290) and between two restorer (RHA377 and RHA274) sunflower inbred lines. The inheritance study included parents, F-1, F-2, and backcross generations. Change in stem color was used as the criterion for the stay green characteristic. Color slide pictures of stems were taken at 10- to 15-d intervals in the field between flowering and physiological maturity, and stem color was analyzed by a computer program called Map and Image Processing System. Generation mean analysis indicated that additive effects were the main source of genetic variation for the stay green trait in both crosses. In addition to additive and dominance gene effects, additive x dominance epistatic effects contributed significantly to the variability in the restorer line cross. Since additive effects were predominant, selection for this trait could be made in early generation segregating populations. Significant but small correlation coefficients between stem color at physiological maturity and stem color at earlier stages of development indicated that selection for stay green would be most effective at physiological maturity. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 150 EP 153 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700026 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Zhang, DC McMullen, MS Moore, WR AF Doehlert, DC Zhang, DC McMullen, MS Moore, WR TI Estimation of mixed linkage beta-glucan concentration in oat and barley from viscosity of whole grain flour slurry SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACID-EXTRACT; POLYSACCHARIDES; QUANTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; CALCOFLUOR; CEREALS; MALT AB The presence of beta-glucan from oat (Avena sativa L.) or barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) products in the human diet can lower serum cholesterol. The selection of new oat or barley cultivars with higher beta-glucan concentration in the grain is usually limited by the efficiency of the analytical procedure required to measure this component. The utility of hour slurry viscosity as an indirect means of estimating flour beta-glucan concentration was investigated. Water at 25 degrees C was added to enzyme-inactivated whole-grain oat flour to form a 23% dry matter mixture, and stirred to form a uniform slurry. Viscosity, as measured with a rotational spindle-type viscometer, increased hyperbolically with time. Viscosity measured 3 h after water addition was exponentially dependent on hour content and was linearly correlated with beta-glucan concentration in the hour. The procedure was useful as a screening method for the estimation of beta-glucan concentration in preliminary breeding lines of oat and barley. The procedure is effective with enzyme-inactivated (steam-treated) whole or dehulled grain, but the presence of endo-beta-glucanases in hulls of oats and barley prevent the application of this procedure with hours of raw whole oats and barleys. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HARD RED SPRING & DURUM WHEAT QUAL LAB,HARRIS HALL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700041 ER PT J AU Lohnes, DG Specht, JE Cregan, PB AF Lohnes, DG Specht, JE Cregan, PB TI Evidence for homoeologous linkage groups in the soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATION; MARKERS; MAP AB Substantial progress towards the integration of the soybean [Glycine max CL.) Merr.] classical and molecular marker linkage maps recently was achieved by using a 60-plant F2 population derived from a mating of isolines of the cultivars Clark and Harosoy. However, epistasis limited the completeness of F2 genotyping at two independently segregating loci, D1 and D2, which produced yellow (Y) and green (G) cotyledons in a duplicate recessive fashion (i.e., only the d1d1d2d2 F2 genotype was green). F2 genotypic assignments were obvious for two of the four F2.3 phenotypes (15Y:1G from 1d1D2d2 and all G from d1d1d2d2), but were equivocal for the other two (all Y from D1D1D2D2, D1D1D2d2, D1d1D2D2, D1D1d2d2, or d1d1D2D2; 3Y:1G from D1d1d2d2 or d1d1D2d2). Here, we propose an inferential means of near complete F2 genotyping, by using F2.3 data collected on locus G, which produces G (GG and Gg) and Y (gg) seed coats. Locus G is tightly linked (4.2%) to the D1 locus. Given the repulsion-phase parental gametes of Gd1 and gD1, we inferred, with a low probability of (recombinational) error, that the GG, Gg, or gg F2 genotypes must be d1d1, D1d1, or D1D1, respectively. Genetically, a F2 plant with all Y or 3Y:1G F2.3 progeny and an inferred GGd1d1 genotype must also be D2D2 or D2d2, respectively, and an inferred GgD1d1 genotype must also be D2D2 or d2d2, respectively. The alleles at D2 could not be inferred from the ggD1D1 genotype. The updated 60-plant marker data, when subjected to a Mapmaker linkage analysis, revealed that D1 mapped (as expected) to linkage group (LG) 1 and D2 mapped to LG 10 of the Clark x Harosoy map. Duplicate genes and homoeologous linkage groups support the hypothesis that the diploid soybean is derived from a tetraploid. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. ARS,USDA,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Lohnes, DG (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & CROP SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 254 EP 257 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700045 ER PT J AU Miller, HL Porter, DR AF Miller, HL Porter, DR TI A technique to quantitatively measure the leaf streaking symptom of Russian wheat aphid infestation SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA; DAMAGE; BARLEY; RESISTANT AB One of several symptoms of Russian wheat aphid (RWA) [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)] damage in susceptible barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is white or chlorotic streaking of the leaf. Current methods use several symptoms to qualitatively rate damage. We have developed a simple, inexpensive, and non-destructive technique to quantitatively measure streaking. The technique uses a series of small contiguous circles photocopied onto a clear plastic sheet to help quantify the percentage of leaf streaked. Measurements of streaking can be done within a week after infestation, and require no other specialized instrumentation. The series of circles technique allowed us to confirm and quantify some previously observed patterns of the streaking response concerning location and amount of streaking in relation to aphid age, location, and feeding duration. This technique could be used in physiological and genetic studies of the plant's response to insect stress. C1 ARS,USDA,STILLWATER,OK 74075. UNIV TENNESSEE,SCH INFORMAT SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 278 EP 280 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700050 ER PT J AU Elias, EM Miller, JD Francl, LJ AF Elias, EM Miller, JD Francl, LJ TI Registration of 'Munich' durum wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. ARS, USDA, NO CROP SCI LAB, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. RP Elias, EM (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT SCI, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700059 ER PT J AU Bouton, JH Gates, RN Wood, DT Utley, PR AF Bouton, JH Gates, RN Wood, DT Utley, PR TI Registration of 'AmeriGraze 702' alfalfa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ANIM SCI,TIFTON,GA 31793. ARS,USDA,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Bouton, JH (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700062 ER PT J AU Bouton, JH Gates, RN Wood, DT Utley, PR AF Bouton, JH Gates, RN Wood, DT Utley, PR TI Registration of 'ABT 805' alfalfa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ANIM SCI,TIFTON,GA 31793. ARS,USDA,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Bouton, JH (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700063 ER PT J AU Carter, TE Burton, JW BianchiHall, C Farmer, F Huie, EB Pantalone, VR AF Carter, TE Burton, JW BianchiHall, C Farmer, F Huie, EB Pantalone, VR TI Registration of 'Graham' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP Carter, TE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, USDA ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 293 EP 294 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700064 ER PT J AU Yu, MH AF Yu, MH TI Registration of Mi-1 root-knot nematode resistant beet germplasm line SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BETA-MARITIMA; IDENTIFICATION RP Yu, MH (reprint author), ARS,USDA,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WE977 UT WOS:A1997WE97700067 ER PT J AU Ambady, S Mendiola, JR Louis, CF Janzen, MA Schook, LB Buoen, L Lunney, JK Grimm, DR deLeon, FAP AF Ambady, S Mendiola, JR Louis, CF Janzen, MA Schook, LB Buoen, L Lunney, JK Grimm, DR deLeon, FAP TI Development and use of a microdissected swine chromosome 6 DNA library SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PIG SUS-SCROFA; LINKAGE MAP; HALOTHANE SENSITIVITY; CARCASS TRAITS; PORCINE GENOME; LANDRACE PIGS; PCR; MICROSATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB To facilitate the identification of microsatellite genetic markers from a single swine chromosome, chromosome microisolation and microcloning have been used to generate a swine chromosome 6-specific DNA library. Ten copies of swine chromosome 6 were scraped from metaphase spreads, ligated to custom-prepared adaptors, and amplified by PCR. The purity of the amplified product was verified by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The utility of the chromosome painting probe for heterologous painting was demonstrated and confirmed that swine chromosome 6 is syntenic to human chromosomes 1p and 19q. A small insert genomic library of 1.39 x 10(6) clones was generated from the PCR-amplified chromosome 6 genomic DNA and screened for (GT)(n) microsatellite genetic markers. Nine (GT)(n) microsatellite markers were developed and genotyped on a Yorkshire x Meishan swine reference family. All nine markers genetically mapped to chromosome 6, confirming the purity of the microisolation method. The method used here should be adaptable to the microdissection of subchromosomal regions of not only the swine genome but also other livestock genomes. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT BIOCHEM,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT VET & ANIM SCI,AMHERST,MA 01003. USDA,AGR RES STN,LPSI,PARASITE IMMUNOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-09343] NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1159/000134506 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WY176 UT WOS:A1997WY17600007 PM 9154119 ER PT S AU Saltzman, E Roberts, SB AF Saltzman, E Roberts, SB BE Kritchevsky, D Bonfield, C TI Soluble fiber and energy regulation - Current knowledge and future directions SO DIETARY FIBER IN HEALTH AND DISEASE SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Washington Symposium on Dietary Fiber - The Vahouny Fiber Symposium CY MAR 26-29, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; DIETARY FIBER; BODY-WEIGHT; GUAR GUM; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; YOUNG MEN; EXPENDITURE; HUMANS; FAT; FEMALES RP Saltzman, E (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 46200, DK 46124] NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45703-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1997 VL 427 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BJ94B UT WOS:A1997BJ94B00011 PM 9361835 ER PT J AU Redel, CA Shulman, RJ Tivey, DR AF Redel, CA Shulman, RJ Tivey, DR TI Determinants of lactose digestion in the miniature pig SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE transit time; lactase; intestinal development; lactose ID LACTASE ACTIVITY; SMALL-INTESTINE; ABSORPTION; EXPRESSION; PATTERN; LENGTH; GUT AB Although lactose is an important nutrient in the diet of the infant and child, the factors contributing to its digestion have not been clarified adequately. We sought to determine the degree to which lactase activity and small intestinal transit explain lactose digestion, the average error (SEE) in estimating lactose digestion using these parameters, and the effect of age. We compared lactose digestion from both a 7% lactose-containing formula and a solution by determining lactose in ileostomy output in pig littermates at 10 days, 4 weeks, and 10 weeks of age. The entire small intestinal mucosa was assayed for Lactase specific activity (mu mol . min(-1). g protein(-1)), total activity (mu mol . min(-1)), and whole-villus lactase activity. Transit time (min), and transit rate (cm/min) were measured. Meal type did not affect lactose digestion. Lactose digestion was explained best by lactase specific activity (formula, R(2) = 0.73, SEE = 1.1; solution, R(2) = 0.69, SEE = 1.0; P < 0.001). The next best parameter was total transit rate (formula, R(2) = 0.69, SEE = 2.0; solution, R(2) = 0.46, SEE = 1.3). The relationship with lactase specific activity was age related and there appeared to be a critical value of lactase specific activity above which essentially all the lactose was digested. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV ADELAIDE,WAITE AGR RES INST,DEPT ANIM SCI,GLEN OSMOND,SA 5064,AUSTRALIA. RI Tivey, David/A-6354-2017 OI Tivey, David/0000-0003-2213-2576 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1023/A:1018853625582 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WE663 UT WOS:A1997WE66300022 PM 9009129 ER PT S AU Yen, JT AF Yen, JT BE Laplace, JP Fevrier, C Barbeau, A TI Oxygen consumption and energy flux of porcine splanchnic tissues SO DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY IN PIGS SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VIIth International Symposium on Digestive Physiology in Pigs CY MAY 26-28, 1997 CL ST MALO, FRANCE SP INRA, SRP, EEAP DE pig; human; splanchnic tissue; viscera; liver oxygen consumption; energy flux; thermogenesis AB In this paper a brief review of the dynamic nature in the rate of energy flow through the portal-drained viscera and liver of pigs is presented. It concentrates on information obtained from arteriovenous catheterization studies. The significance of the portal-drained viscera in relation to the whole body oxygen uptake and energy expenditure is described. Intestinal and hepatic energy metabolism in the resting (postabsorptive) and postprandial states are presented. potential energy contribution of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract to the energy requirement in pigs is also evaluated. The influence of dietary components on splanchnic proportion of whole body oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in humans is discussed, indicating a substrate-specific effect on the postprandial thermogenesis in humans. RP Yen, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0071-2477 BN 2-7380-0749-X J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 1997 IS 88 BP 260 EP 269 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA BJ17A UT WOS:A1997BJ17A00042 ER PT J AU Mavrodi, DV Chatuev, BM Ksenzenko, VN Tomashov, LS Boronin, AM AF Mavrodi, DV Chatuev, BM Ksenzenko, VN Tomashov, LS Boronin, AM TI Genetic locus involved in phenazine antibiotic production in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 SO DOKLADY AKADEMII NAUK LA Russian DT Article ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOSYNTHESIS; BACTERIA C1 ARS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Mavrodi, DV (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST MICROORGANISMS BIOCHEM & PHYSIOL,PUSHCHINO,RUSSIA. RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0869-5652 J9 DOKL AKAD NAUK+ JI Dokl. Akad. Nauk PD JAN PY 1997 VL 352 IS 1 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WP646 UT WOS:A1997WP64600030 PM 9102094 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Simpson, WT AF Liu, JY Simpson, WT TI Solutions of diffusion equation with constant diffusion and surface emission coefficients SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desorption; diffusion coefficient; moisture content; sorption; wood ID MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP; MOISTURE DIFFUSION; WOOD; DESORPTION; WATER AB Closed-form solutions of the non-steady state diffusion equation with constant transport coefficients are presented. The diffusion coefficient is. assumed to be finite, but the surface emission coefficient can be either finite or infinite. Mathematical conditions are established for the transport coefficients to be constant. When these conditions are met, the transport coefficients can then be easily evaluated. Diffusion test data can be compared against these conditions to determine whether or not the transport coefficients are constant. Desorption test data of northern red oak indicate that initial moisture content in wood an equilibrium moisture content in the environment are closely related to the constancy of the transport coefficients. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 10 BP 2459 EP 2477 DI 10.1080/07373939708917370 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YF278 UT WOS:A1997YF27800007 ER PT B AU Cooley, KR Palmer, P AF Cooley, KR Palmer, P BE Albert, M Taylor, S TI Characteristics of snowmelt from NRCS SNOTEL (SNOwTELemetry) sites SO EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1997, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 54th Eastern Snow Conference/65th Western Snow Conference CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Environ Canada-Natl hyrol Res Inst, US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab AB Snowmelt is affected by a number of factors including elevation, slope, aspect, exposure, snowpack depth, surface reflectance and climatic or meteorologic variables such as solar radiation, temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure, and precipitation. Snowmelt models attempt to account for these factors in various degrees from simple empirical relationships based on air temperature to detailed energy balance procedures. While detailed energy balance models should be superior in estimating snowmelt, there are rarely, if ever, adequate data sets available in practice to use these methods without making simplifying assumptions. Unfortunately, these simplifications usually reduce the models' ability to account for the various meteorologic factors that cause snowmelt to occur. Thus the models can produce estimates of snowmelt based on the input data available and the assumptions required, but these estimates may not relate to actual snowmelt in timing or rate. Since actual snowmelt data is very limited, it is seldom possible to compare model simulated melt rates with actual values. This paper is significant because it presents an analysis of snowmelt data under a variety of conditions encountered at representative SNOTEL sites selected from nearly 600 locations in the western United States. It thus provides a range of snowmelt information including average and maximum daily melt rates, time of onset and cessation of melt, and average day of maximum snowmelt that can be used to compare with snowmelt model simulations and other uses. C1 USDA ARS, NWRC, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Cooley, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWRC, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA PY 1997 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93F UT WOS:000083552000001 ER PT B AU McCaughey, WW Farnes, PE Hansen, KJ AF McCaughey, WW Farnes, PE Hansen, KJ BE Albert, M Taylor, S TI Historic role of fire in determining annual water yield from Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, Montana, USA SO EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1997, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 54th Eastern Snow Conference/65th Western Snow Conference CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Environ Canada-Natl hyrol Res Inst, US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab ID THROUGHFALL CHEMISTRY AB Water production from mountain watersheds depends on total precipitation input, the type and distribution of precipitation, the amount intercepted in tree canopies, and losses to evaporation, transpiration and groundwater. A systematic process was developed to estimate historic average annual runoff based on fire patterns, habitat cover types and precipitation patterns on the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental forest. A fire history study in the Little Belt Mountains of central Montana indicates much of the experimental forest watershed burned in the 1700's and 1800's. Fire scars and existing timber stands on the 3,709 ha experimental forest show that two fires occurred in the 1700's and six in the 1800's covering more than 1,660 ha (45 percent) and 2,415 ha (65 percent), respectively. One small 32 ha stand on the experimental forest has not burned since 1580. The last major fire (206 ha) occurred in 1902 and three other small fires (covering only 19 ha) have been observed since the implementation of active fire suppression in the early 1900's. There has been no logging on this 3,709 ha forest of which 9 percent of the total area is composed of non-timbered meadows or rock outcrops. Annual water yield was estimated for Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest for the past 400+ years utilizing fire history, habitat cover types, current average annual precipitation and water yield/precipitation/cover type relationships. The maximum average annual runoff was estimated at 12,480 cubic dekameters (dams(3)) in the late 1500's based on 30 years of average annual precipitation (1961-1991) The 1581 to 1997 average water yield was estimated to be 11,680 dams(3) The maximum water yield estimated for Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, if all timber were removed, would be around 13,240 dams(3). The minimum runoff if the entire forest was composed of mature lodgepole pine would be 11,230 dams(3) The present yield of 11,360 dams(3) is near the lowest yield of 11,250 darns' estimated for 1873 and near the minimum possible for this experimental forest. During a wet year with all of the timber removed, runoff could be as high as 21,190, or in a dry year with most of the watershed covered with a mature forest as low as 5,620 dams(3) On TCEF, fire suppression and succession appear to be creating conditions for a major fire event unless portions of the forest are removed by management actions that mimic historic vegetation patterns. C1 Montana State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn,Ogden,Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP McCaughey, WW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn,Ogden,Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA PY 1997 BP 52 EP 60 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93F UT WOS:000083552000006 ER PT B AU Luce, CH Tarboton, DG Cooley, KR AF Luce, CH Tarboton, DG Cooley, KR BE Albert, M Taylor, S TI Spatially distributed snowmelt inputs to a semi-arid mountain watershed SO EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1997, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 54th Eastern Snow Conference/65th Western Snow Conference CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Environ Canada-Natl hyrol Res Inst, US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab ID ALPINE CATCHMENT; MODELS AB Spatial variability in snow accumulation and melt due to topographic effects on solar radiation, drifting, air temperature, and precipitation is important in determining the timing of snowmelt releases. Precipitation and temperature effects related to topography tend to affect snowpack variability at large scales and are generally included in models of hydrology in mountainous terrain. The effects of spatial variability in drifting and solar input are generally only included in distributed models at small scales. Previous research has demonstrated that snowpack patterns are not well reproduced when topography and drifting are ignored. These observations imply that larger scale representations that ignore drifting could be greatly in error. Detailed measurements of the spatial distribution of snow water equivalence within a small, intensively studied, 26-ha watershed were used to validate a spatially distributed snowmelt model. This model was then compared to basin-averaged snowmelt rates for a fully distributed model, a single point representation of the basin, a two point representation that captures some of the variability in drifting and aspect, and a model with distributed terrain and uniform drift. The model comparisons demonstrate that the lumped, single point representation and distributed terrain with uniform drift both yielded very poor simulations of the basin-averaged surface water input rate. The two-point representation was an improvement but the late season melt required for the observed streamflow was still not simulated because the deepest drifts were not represented. These results imply that representing the effects of subgrid variability of snow drifting is equally or more important than representing subgrid variability in solar radiation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. RP Luce, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA PY 1997 BP 344 EP 353 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93F UT WOS:000083552000035 ER PT J AU Acock, B Reynolds, JF AF Acock, B Reynolds, JF TI Introduction: Modularity in plant models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP Acock, B (reprint author), ARS,USDA,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 008,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Reynolds, James/G-6364-2010 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)01923-0 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM979 UT WOS:A1997WM97900001 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JF Acock, B AF Reynolds, JF Acock, B TI Modularity and genericness in plant and ecosystem models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE modules; generic design criteria; modularity rules; model re-use ID ORIENTED SIMULATION; GROWTH AB In this paper, we present definitions of modularity and genericness that are based on sets of criteria and rules for model design and which encompass the goal of developing an efficient and flexible structure for plant and ecosystem models. Model structure should be based on modules that (1) relate directly to real world components or processes; (2) have input and output variables that are measurable values; and (3) communicate solely via these input and output variables. Such a model structure has the advantage that it can be incrementally improved by simply replacing one module with another that has the same input and output variables. The underlying mechanism in the replacement module can be different, which facilitates the incorporation of the latest experimental research results and allows modelers to readily test alternative hypotheses about mechanisms. Thus, modularity and genericness open models to contributions from many authors, facilitate the comparison of alternative hypotheses, and extend the life and utility of simulation models. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS,USDA,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Reynolds, JF (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,PHYTOTRON BLDG,BOX 90340,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. RI Reynolds, James/G-6364-2010 NR 37 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)01924-2 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM979 UT WOS:A1997WM97900002 ER PT J AU Sequeira, RA Olson, RL McKinion, JM AF Sequeira, RA Olson, RL McKinion, JM TI Implementing generic, object-oriented models in biology SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE biosystems; object-oriented; generic plant modelling ID SIMULATION AB This paper describes object-oriented programming (OOP) in terms relevant to the modeling of biological systems. Object-oriented programming is not a new technique but remains mostly unexploited in biosystems modeling. For biological scientists, the ideas of object-oriented design, based on the notions of taxonomy, discrete structures, behavior, and scale, make the approach intrinsically familiar and thus inherently compelling. We present a new OOP framework that may serve as a generic foundation for the production of plant models. This OOP framework represents a first step towards the development of generic model architectures and provides modularity, mechanistic richness, and advantages in process evaluation previously unavailable. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Sequeira, RA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,CROP SIMULATION RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)01925-4 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM979 UT WOS:A1997WM97900003 ER PT J AU Acock, B Reddy, VR AF Acock, B Reddy, VR TI Designing an object-oriented structure for crop models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE procedural; process-oriented; discrete; continuous; sequential; parallel AB Object-oriented design (GOD) and programming (OOP) offer many advantages for developing modular crop models. The model structure is well-defined, reuse of code is facilitated through inheritance, and data can be hidden (encapsulated) inside objects that correspond to physical components of the real system, e.g. roots, stems, leaves, or soil layers. However, OOD is best suited to describing the relationship between freely interacting objects, and it has so far been used almost exclusively for modeling simple, discrete and sequential actions. Plant models are not like the automatic teller machine software that is often used in examples of GOD. Plant organs, i.e. objects on the plant, do not wait passively for input from other organs, but they all grow in response to their environment and interact with each other simultaneously and continuously. Also, our ignorance of the processes controlling plant growth forces us to use devices like the limiting factor model to handle these interactions. Many plant models therefore calculate potential growth, limitations imposed by various factors, and then actual growth. In short, there are procedural elements in plant models that do not easily fit an GOD. However, some OOP languages like C++ allow mixed designs to be implemented, so we have developed a mixed, but mostly object-oriented structure that (1) contains the components familiar in extant procedural designs; (2) can be used for modeling at several levels of complexity; and (3) can be used to model any plant. The mixed procedural/object-oriented design has been implemented in C++ as a shell using dummy algorithms, and its operation verified. The problems and advantages are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Acock, B (reprint author), ARS,USDA,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BLDG 007,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)01926-6 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM979 UT WOS:A1997WM97900004 ER PT J AU Lemmon, H Chuk, N AF Lemmon, H Chuk, N TI Object-oriented design of a cotton crop model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE cotton; object-oriented programming; C++; smalltalk AB We have developed a cotton crop model, Cotton++. This model will eventually be coupled with an expert system to advise farmers when to irrigate, fertilize and harvest their crops. Cotton++ is written in the object-oriented programming language C++. In this paper we discuss (1) the reasons we opted to adopt the object-oriented paradigm and (2) why we selected C++ over other available programming languages. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Lemmon, H (reprint author), ARS,USDA,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)01927-8 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM979 UT WOS:A1997WM97900005 ER PT J AU Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, YA AF Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, YA TI A modular soil and root process simulator SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE soil modeling; modularity; encapsulation; generic simulator; crop modeling AB The ability to build models for various crop management scenarios can be enhanced by using modules corresponding to soil, root atmosphere and management processes. In this paper we describe the design of a generic modular soil and root process simulator (2DSOIL) for use in crop modelling. Coded in Fortran 77, it uses a three-level hierarchy to organize soil processes and their parameters into a modularized structure. Decoupling of processes and re-arrangement of boundary condition formulations are used to facilitate independence of modules and the encapsulation of information is consistently implemented. Variable time steps are selected using restrictions imposed by non-linearity of models. The use of this modular design allows modellers to reuse well-tested codes, and results in a decrease of effort in input data preparation and in expandability to encompass various management practices. The modular design of 2DSOIL allows it to be readily modified and easily incorporated into crop models. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 DUKE UNIV PHYTOTRON,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP Timlin, DJ (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SYST RES LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 008,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 1 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)01929-1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM979 UT WOS:A1997WM97900007 ER PT J AU Williams, DW Liebhold, AM AF Williams, DW Liebhold, AM TI Detection of delayed density dependence: Reply SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GYPSY-MOTH C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP Williams, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,RADNOR CORP CTR 5,SUITE 200,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 320 EP 322 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WD345 UT WOS:A1997WD34500026 ER PT J AU Simpson, JR McPherson, EG AF Simpson, JR McPherson, EG TI The effects of roof albedo modification on cooling loads of scale model residences in Tucson, Arizona SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE roof albedo; scale model residences; roof color; computer simulation; Arizona ID ENERGY AB Data supporting reductions in cooling load and related demand for electric power possible from increasing building surface albedo are limited. Electrical use of wall-mounted air conditioners, roof temperatures, and related environmental factors were monitored during the summer of 1990 on three initially identical 1/4-scale model buildings situated in rock mulch landscapes in Tucson, Arizona. Model thermodynamic properties were scaled to approximate thermodynamic similarity with full-size buildings. With ceiling insulation of R value 5.28 m(2) K W-1 (R-30) installed, increasing roof albedo of the gray composition shingles (0.30 albedo, 0.94 emissivity) by painting one roof silver and another white (0.49 and 0.75 albedos, 0.70 and 0.98 emissivities, respectively) reduced daily total and hourly peak electrical use for air conditioning approximately 5% for the house with white-colored roof compared to either gray or silver-colored roofs. Larger differences were found without ceiling insulation, with daily total and peak hourly demand for houses with white compared to dark brown roofing (0.9 albedo, 0.98 emissivity) reduced 28 and 18%, respectively. Computer simulations of daily total energy use confirmed comparable savings for similar full-sized buildings. White roofs were 20 to 30 degrees C cooler than either silver or dark-colored roofs on hot, sunny days, indicating that expected cooling due to an increase in albedo may not be realized if it is accompanied by a decrease in emissivity. Light-colored roofs, by maintaining cooler attic temperatures, may provide savings in addition to those presented here by reducing heat gain to air distribution systems located in the attic space. RP Simpson, JR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT ENVIRONM HORT, USDA FOREST SERV, WESTERN CTR URBAN FOREST RES & EDUC, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 20 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0378-7788(96)01002-X PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA XE319 UT WOS:A1997XE31900005 ER PT B AU Finney, VL Cocke, MA Viel, TJ AF Finney, VL Cocke, MA Viel, TJ BE Marinos, PG Koukis, GC Tsiambaos, GC Stournaras, GC TI Re-establishing a mobile stream bed Lower Clear Creek watershed, Shasta County, CA USA SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Engineering Geology and the Environment CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP IAEG, Greek Natl Grp AB Located in northern California, Lower Clear Creek's natural in-stream flow and sediment transport were disrupted initially in 1902 with the construction of a low head dam (4.6 m), McCormick-Saeltzer Dam (MCSD), and more drastically in 1963 with the construction of Whiskeytown Reservoir (86 m), an impoundment reservoir for waters being diverted from the Trinity River and Clear Creek watersheds to the Sacramento River for power generation. The greatly reduced Clear Creek flows below McCormick-Saeltzer Dam have created reaches of armored streambed. Under the existing water management, flows are inadequate to mobilize the bed of the stream and to reemit gravel from flood plain sources. One effort to improve spawning habitat has been the placing of gravel downstream of MCSD into Clear: Creek. The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential for regulating stream. flows that optimize spawning opportunities for chinook salmon with existing channel and flood plain sediments. RP Finney, VL (reprint author), US NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,DAVIS,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-877-0 PY 1997 BP 2675 EP 2680 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BJ46T UT WOS:A1997BJ46T00453 ER PT J AU Elshorbagy, WE Yakowitz, DS Lansey, KE AF Elshorbagy, WE Yakowitz, DS Lansey, KE TI Design of engineering systems using stochastic decomposition: Water supply planning application SO ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE stochastic programming; decomposition; water supply; planning operation; uncertainty ID LINEAR-PROGRAMS; RECOURSE; OPERATIONS; ALGORITHM AB To effectively design engineering systems, the future operation of the system which usually involves many uncertainties must be considered A two-stage stochastic programming formulation can aid in satisfying this requirement The first stage of this formulation represents the design criteria at the present time when a decision must be made. The second stage represents the future operation or the system response to the design where other actions (recourse decisions) are to be made after observing the random input. To solve this type of problem, the Regularized Stochastic Decomposition (RSD) algorithm, which allows the consideration of continuous random variables, was employed and extensions to better handle real engineering problems were investigated The algorithm is applied to a regional water supply problem that seeks the optimal design capacities of water treatment plants, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment plants, and recharge facilities while meeting future demands. Results are generated based on different forms of uncertainties for both linear and nonlinear first-stage objective functions. The advantages of using stochastic programming in engineering decision making are evaluated. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & ENGN MECH,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NATL WATER RES CTR,INST HYDRAUL RES,DELTA BARRAGE,EGYPT. USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0305-215X J9 ENG OPTIMIZ JI Eng. Optimiz. PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 279 EP 302 DI 10.1080/03052159708941409 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA XB184 UT WOS:A1997XB18400001 ER PT J AU Xie, ZN Nettles, WC Saldana, G Nordlund, DA AF Xie, ZN Nettles, WC Saldana, G Nordlund, DA TI Elmer's School Glue and Elmer's Glue All: Arrestants and probing/oviposition enhancers for Trichogramma spp SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE oviposition enhancer; stretched plastic artificial egg; in vitro rearing ID OVIPOSITION; EGGS; IDENTIFICATION; BRASSICAE; KAIROMONE C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,AGR EXPT STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 82 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00120.x PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WJ177 UT WOS:A1997WJ17700015 ER PT J AU Solis, MA AF Solis, MA TI Michaelshaffera gen. n. - a pyraloid taxon lacking an abdominal tympanal organ (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB Michaelshaffera gen. n. is comprised of two species, M. maidoa (Schaus), new combination, the type species, described from French Guiana, and a new species, M. beckeri, here described from South America. The assignment of taxa to the Pyraloidea is based primarily on characters of the tympanal organs and immature stages. Michaelshaffera lacks a tympanal organ and the immatures are unknown. The rationale for the placement of this genus in the Pyraloidea and lower hierarchical ranks is discussed based on other morphological characters. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SCANDINAVICA PI LUND PA DEPT OF SYST ZOOL HELGOVAVAGEN 3, S-223 62 LUND, SWEDEN SN 0013-8711 J9 ENTOMOL SCAND JI Entomol. Scand. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 4 BP 391 EP 402 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YZ033 UT WOS:000072213400005 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI A new species of Janus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) from Indonesia SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Janus ecarinatus, n. sp., is described from western Kalimantan, Indonesia. This is the first record of the family Cephidae for Indonesia, the most southern record in Asia, and one of the few known from the Southern Hemisphere. The absence of a genal carina and the long cercus are two of the significant characters that separate it from other known species of Janus. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,MRC 168,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,PSI,USDA,ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP008 UT WOS:A1997WP00800004 ER PT J AU Haack, RA PaizSchwartz, G AF Haack, RA PaizSchwartz, G TI Bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) outbreak in pine forests of the Sierra de las Minas biosphere reserve, Guatemala SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article ID IPS-CALLIGRAPHUS; AMERICA AB From 1992 to 1995 an outbreak of pine-infesting bark beetles occurred in eastern Guatemala, primarily along the southern slopes of the Sierra de las Minas Mountains, between 500 and 2100 m elevation, in the Departments of El Progreso and Zacapa. Based on examination of bark beetle-killed pine (Pinus) trees at several sites, Dendroctonus frontalis was the principal mortality agent and Pinus oocarpa was the most affected tree species. Egg galleries similar to those of D, frontalis were also found on dead Pinus maximinoi and Pinus tecunumanii trees. Infested pine stands were typically unmanaged, overstocked, and located on steep slopes. In addition, most outbreak areas had experienced frequent ground fires and overgrazing. The ultimate stressing agent that apparently triggered this outbreak was a severe regional drought in 1992. Besides D. frontalis, other scolytids collected along the lower trunk of P. oocarpa trees were Dendroctonus parallelocollis, Ips calligraphus, Ips grandicollis, Pityophthorus confusus, and Xyleborus intrusus. At lower elevations, Ips calligraphus was the only scolytid collected from the lower trunk of infested Pinus caribaea. trees. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP008 UT WOS:A1997WP00800013 ER PT J AU Cohen, AC Brummett, DL AF Cohen, AC Brummett, DL TI The non-abundant nutrient (NAN) concept as a determinant of predator-prey fitness SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE predators; nutrient transfer; amino acids ID GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES; CONSUMPTION; HETEROPTERAN; DIGESTION; FOOD AB We applied the non-abundant nutrient concept (NAN), an off-shoot from the ecological concept known as Liebig's ''law of the minimum'' or the concept of ''limiting factors'', to explain why certain predators are well fitted while others are poorly fitted to their prey. The generalist predators Geocoris punctipes (Say) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and the specialist predator of whiteflies Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were compared, nutritionally, to determine their relative propensities for predation on Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) eggs, silverleaf whitefly nymphs Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Aphis gossypii Clover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Using two prey content parameters, biomass (measured as dry weight) and methionine (the least abundant protein amino acid in all three prey species), we made estimates of how many of the various kinds of prey would need to be consumed to satisfy each predator's growth requirements to reach the adult stage. From this information and observations regarding developmental periods, prey handling times, extraction efficiencies and conversion efficiencies, we developed a daily time budget for each predator feeding on each of the three types of prey. The number of prey and the time required to satisfy the methionine requirement were generally much greater than the numbers and time required for meeting biomass requirements. Of the three species of predators, only S. parcesetosum could survive and reproduce within a reasonable time budget with whiteflies as prey. Cotton aphids also appeared to be a marginal prey with respect to methionine content. RP Cohen, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 6 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1007/BF02769883 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XY387 UT WOS:A1997XY38700010 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Lightner, GW AF Brown, MW Lightner, GW TI Recommendations on minimum experimental plot size and succession of aphidophaga in West Virginia, USA, apple orchards SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE Malus domestica; sampling; experimental design; predator succession; Aphidoletes aphidimyza; Coccinella septempunctata AB Five apple orchards in West Virginia, USA, were mana ed with five different pest management practices ranging from unsprayed to conventional insecticides. Data were collected on aphid, predaceous insect, and spider abundance every 2 weeks from May to July along one or two randomly selected, 15 consecutive tree transects. A total of 892 individual predaceous insects was observed: 32% were Aphidoletes aphidimyza, 21% were Coccinella septempunctata and the rest were from 13 other taxa. The most important aphid predator seemed to be C. septempunctata. Of the 32 sample transects with predators, 72 % showed an edge effect in which either the standard error or mean of predator abundance differed from the edge towards the center of the orchard. This edge effect extended a mean of 7 trees (30 m) into the orchard. Only 39% of the 33 transects that had spiders showed an edge effect, extending into the orchard a mean of 8 trees (33 m). However, 75% of the transects with more than one spider per tree had an edge effect of 10 trees (43 m). We recommend a minimum border of seven trees before sampling for aphid predators and 10 trees before sampling for spiders. A recommended experimental plot size, for semi-dwarf, free-standing apple orchards, to eliminate edge effects is 1.25 ha for aphidophaga, 1.5 ha for spiders; a minimum plot size of 0.6 ha for aphidophaga and 0.75 ha for spiders would minimize edge effects. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1007/BF02769902 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XY387 UT WOS:A1997XY38700029 ER PT J AU Webb, RE Venables, L Thorpe, KW AF Webb, RE Venables, L Thorpe, KW TI Improved rearing and release procedures for Cotesia melanoscela (Hym.: Braconidae), an early season parasitoid of Lymantria dispar (Lep.: Lymantriidae) SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE parasitoid-rearing; gypsy moth; parasitoid augmentation ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; APANTELES-MELANOSCELUS; HYMENOPTERA AB Rearing and release procedures for Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an early-season parasitoid of Lymantria dispar (L.), were evaluated in 1995 and 1996 at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Mass rearing procedures were developed during the winter/spring of 1995/1996 to produce diapausing C. melanoscela cocoons for experimentation. Program efficiency as measured by percent adult emergence was estimated to be 84% with a measured sex ratio of 48:52 M:F, at an estimated cost per 1000 cocoons of U.S. $5.26 for materials and a labor requirement of approximately 6 hours. A host larvae:female parasitoid ratio of 100:1 was found to be most efficient in terms of number of parasitoid cocoons produced per female parasitoid, but a ratio of 100:2 was most efficient in terms of number of cocoons per rearing cup. Overwintering C. melanoscela cocoons under natural conditions for 25 weeks (November placements) before expected L. dispar egg hatch (mid-April) resulted in excellent synchrony with host egg hatch. Alternatively, holding C. melanoscela cocoons in cold storage for 23 or more weeks at 5 degrees C resulted in adult parasitoid emergence beginning 10 days after removal from cold storage, and proper timing of removal would result in similar synchrony of adult emergence with host egg hatch. These alternative release strategies give managers increased program flexibility. C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Maryland Dept Agr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1997 VL 42 IS 4 BP 471 EP 481 DI 10.1007/BF02769807 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG298 UT WOS:000072987000003 ER PT B AU Shields, FD AF Shields, FD BE Wang, SSY Carstens, T TI Reach-average dimensions for channel reconstruction SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND COASTAL HYDRAULICS: PROTECTING THE AQUATIC HABITAT, PROCEEDINGS OF THEME B, VOLS 1 & 2 SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB Stream restoration sometimes calls for reconstruction of the channel in a stable configuration. Three approaches for stable channel design are outlined and contrasted using a hypothetical example. Radically different results are produced by different stable channel design approaches, particularly when working with mixed bed channels. All may produce valid results when applied appropriately. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0272-8 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 VL 27 BP 388 EP 393 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN27S UT WOS:000081412000066 ER PT B AU Darby, S Rinaldi, M Pistolesi, I AF Darby, S Rinaldi, M Pistolesi, I BE Wang, SSY Carstens, T TI Effects of flexible riparian vegetation growth on discharge capacity SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND COASTAL HYDRAULICS: PROTECTING THE AQUATIC HABITAT, PROCEEDINGS OF THEME B, VOLS 1 & 2 SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB In this paper a model is developed, verified, and then used to simulate the effects of flexible riparian vegetation growth on discharge capacity in a channel with a specified shape, for a range of bed-material and channel gradient values, Vegetation causes significant (>10%) decreases in discharge capacity when the extent of 1.0 m high grass growing on the banks and floodplain becomes greater than about 15% of the length of the wetted perimeter for low-gradient (S = 1x10(-5)) channels, or greater than about 45%, of the length of the wetted perimeter for higher-gradient (S= 0.001) channels. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Darby, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RI Darby, Stephen/J-5799-2012 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0272-8 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 VL 27 BP 394 EP 399 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN27S UT WOS:000081412000067 ER PT B AU Kuhnle, RA Alonso, CV Shields, FD AF Kuhnle, RA Alonso, CV Shields, FD BE Wang, SSY Carstens, T TI Volume of scour holes associated with spur dikes SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND COASTAL HYDRAULICS: PROTECTING THE AQUATIC HABITAT, PROCEEDINGS OF THEME B, VOLS 1 & 2 SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB Volumes of the scour hole in the vicinity of model spur dikes were measured in a laboratory flume under clear-water overtopping flows. Contraction ratio and flow depth were varied in the experiments and found to be positively correlated with the volume of the scour hole. These results will be useful for improving spur dike designs to enhance aquatic habitats and maintain protection of stream banks. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kuhnle, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0272-8 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 VL 27 BP 418 EP 423 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN27S UT WOS:000081412000071 ER PT B AU Hjelmfelt, A Wang, MH AF Hjelmfelt, A Wang, MH BE Wang, SSY Carstens, T TI Using modeling to investigate impacts of grass waterway on water quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND COASTAL HYDRAULICS: PROTECTING THE AQUATIC HABITAT, PROCEEDINGS OF THEME B, VOLS 1 & 2 SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB The impact of riparian vegetation or buffer strips on runoff, sediment yield, and atrazine loss on a field with gentle to flat slopes and located in a claypan soil region was investigated using a physically-based, distributed watershed model. The field is in Goodwater Creek watershed, a USDA research site. The model works on a cell base and was developed to route runoff, sediment, and soluble chemical downslope from one cell to the next. Results indicated that grass waterways have great potential for retarding runoff and for reducing sediment loss but are not effective for controlling atrazine loss in the claypan region. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hjelmfelt, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0272-8 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 VL 27 BP 1420 EP 1425 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN27S UT WOS:000081412000239 ER PT J AU Clary, DA AF Clary, DA TI In a dark wood: The fight over forests and the rising tyranny of ecology - Chase,A SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 2 IS 1 BP 96 EP 96 DI 10.2307/3985563 PG 1 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA WF708 UT WOS:A1997WF70800005 ER PT J AU Lane, LJ Hernandez, M Nichols, M AF Lane, LJ Hernandez, M Nichols, M TI Processes controlling sediment yield from watersheds as functions of spatial scale SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE sediment yield; modelling; watershed; scale; hydrology; experimental data; sediment transport ID RANGELAND APPLICATIONS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; MODEL; EROSION; WEPP; PLANE AB The need for estimates of sediment yield are ubiquitous throughout water resources analyses, modelling, and engineering as sediment is a major pollutant, a transporter of pollutants, and sedimentation rates and amounts determine the performance and life of reservoirs, canals, drainage channels, harbors, and other downstream structures and improvements. Moreover, as a 'watershed wide' measure of soil erosion, transport, and deposition, sediment yield reflects the characteristics of a watershed, its history, development, use, and management. The major factors and processes controlling sediment yield from watersheds are described and discussed in the context of spatial scale. Historical sediment yield data from selected watersheds across a range of scales are used to illustrate variations of sediment yield with watershed scale. Generalized relationships between sediment yield and drainage area from the USA and Australia are used to show the statistical variations of sediment yield with watershed area. Area is shown to be an important predictor variable which usually, but not always, is correlated with sediment yield. Experimental data from a small experimental watershed are used in a case study to illustrate processes controlling sediment yield. The case study summarizes and interprets simulation model studies using experimental field data from measurements distributed across a range of scales. Information presented here should help guide the conceptual development of sediment yield models and their mathematical formulation. It should also be useful in design and implementation of spatially distributed verification and validation studies. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 69 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 355 EP 369 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(97)00027-3 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZY593 UT WOS:000074639200009 ER PT J AU Zeller, K Donev, E Bojinov, H Nikolov, N AF Zeller, K Donev, E Bojinov, H Nikolov, N TI Air pollution status of the Bulgarian Govedartsi ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE coniferous forest; forest air quality; ozone; nitrate; sulfate; dry deposition ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; OZONE; EUROPE AB Coniferous forests cover one-third of Bulgaria's forest ecosystems and occupy 31% of the country's total area. Forests in general are considered vulnerable to air pollutants in the form of dry, and wet pollution deposition. The Bulgarian Govedartsi ecosystem study sits, Ovnarsko No. 3, was established in 1991 to: (I) determine the existing status of remote forest site air quality; and (2) address potential air pollution problems related to coniferous forests. The site (1600 m) is located on the south slope of the Govedartsi Valley in the northwestern part of the Rila Mountain area. The Rila are the highest mountains (peak 2925 m) in the Balkan peninsula and are representative of rural forested conditions in that part of Europe. There are no anthropogenic air pollution sources for at least 30 km in all directions. The dominant tree species surrounding the study site include Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Macedonia pine (Pinus peuce), black pine (Pinus nigra Am.), Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), white fir (Abies alba Mill.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), and several oak species (i.e. Quercus petraea Liebl, Q. pubescens Willd., Q. conferta Kit., Q. cerris L., and Q. robur). Multi-day average ambient concentrations of nitrate and sulfate were measured using a filter-pack technique. Data for 27 multi-day periods between October 1991 and 1994 have been collected and 24 are reported in this study. Annual acidic aerosol dry deposition values are estimated at: 154 kg km(-2) for sulfate (SO42-) and 28 kg km(-2) for nitrate (NO3-). Ozone (O-3) concentrations were measured from late spring to summer in 1994 and 1995. No high O-3 concentration episodes were detected, and maximum hourly O-3 concentrations rarely exceeded 55 ppb. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Sofia, Dept Meteorol, Sofia, Bulgaria. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Forest Res Inst, Sofia, Bulgaria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zeller, K (reprint author), USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1997 VL 98 IS 3 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00144-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZF332 UT WOS:000072886900003 ER PT J AU Zeller, K Cerny, M Bytnerowicz, A Smith, L Sestak, M Michalec, M Pernegr, V Kucera, J AF Zeller, K Cerny, M Bytnerowicz, A Smith, L Sestak, M Michalec, M Pernegr, V Kucera, J TI Air pollution status of a representative site in the Czech Republic Brdy Mountains SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; nitrate; sulfate; dry deposition; air quality ID INFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES; DRY DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE NITRATE; NITRIC-ACID; AMBIENT AIR AB To analyze air quality and deposition over a forest site in the Czech Republic, a cooperative study was implemented in July 1993 within the Brdy Mountains. Weekly average concentration measurements of SO2, SO4-2, NO3-, NH4+, and HNO3 were made at the Brdy Mountains during the periods 2 July, 1993 to 2 December, 1994 and 2 June, 1995 to 9 September, 1995. The annual concentration of SO4-2, 3.9 +/- 1.6 mu g m(-3), was two times higher compared to other regional measurements. A local source of SO2 may be a contributing factor. The annual concentration of NH4+, 1.5 +/- 0.6 mu g m(-3), is lower than anticipated by a modeling study of European sources. Dry deposition of SO4-2 and NO3- was calculated by combining measured concentrations with modeled deposition velocity based on in-situ meteorological measurements. The inferred, seasonally weighted average annual deposition during the study period was 324 kg km(-2) for SO4-2 and 115 kg km(-2) for NO3-. Ozone concentrations during an abbreviated period of July 1994 averaged 57 ppb and did not vary diurnally, indicating regional anthropogenic precursors for the photochemical generation of O-3. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. Inst Forest Ecosyst Res Ltd, Jilove U Prahy, Czech Republic. US Natl Biol Serv, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Zeller, K (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Kucera, Jiri/F-2022-2014 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1997 VL 98 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00148-6 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZF332 UT WOS:000072886900004 ER PT J AU Blum, O Bytnerowicz, A Manning, W Popovicheva, L AF Blum, O Bytnerowicz, A Manning, W Popovicheva, L TI Ambient tropospheric ozone in the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains and Kiev region: Detection with passive samplers and bioindicator plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE air pollution; ozone monitoring; passive bioindicator plants; forest; mountains; samplers; Ukraine ID TRANSPORT; POLLUTION AB Ambient concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O-3) were measured at four highland forest locations in the Ukrainian Carpathians and in two lowland locations in the Kiev region during two summer seasons, from August to September 1995 and July to September 1996 by using O-3 passive samplers. The ozone passive samplers were calibrated against a Thermo Environmental Model 49 ozone monitor located at the Central Botanical Garden in Kiev. The two-week long average concentrations at the Carpathian Mountains were higher in 1995 than 1996. Average ozone concentrations in Kiev were higher in 1995 than in 1996, and Kiev ozone concentrations were similar to the lowland forest concentrations. The lowest ozone concentrations in Kiev occurred in mid-morning and the highest concentrations in the afternoon. Ozone-sensitive Bel-W3 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants at the Botanical Garden in Kiev were injured from exposure to ambient concentration of ozone in both 1995 and 1996 summers. Ozone injury symptoms were found on morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) and native plants (e.g. Sambucus racemosa and Humulus lupulus) elsewhere in Kiev and at some of the study sites in the Carpathians. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Acad Sci, Cent Bot Garden, UA-252014 Kiev, Ukraine. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Morrill Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Blum, O (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Cent Bot Garden, Timiryazevskaya St 1, UA-252014 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1997 VL 98 IS 3 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00158-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZF332 UT WOS:000072886900005 ER PT J AU Conard, SG Ivanova, GA AF Conard, SG Ivanova, GA TI Wildfire in Russian boreal forests - Potential impacts of fire regime characteristics on emissions and global carbon balance estimates SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Russia; boreal forests; fires; carbon balance ID VEGETATION; ATMOSPHERE; DIOXIDE; BIOMASS; CLIMATE; CANADA AB Most of the research about the effects of the release of carbon and other chemicals to the atmosphere during forest fir es focuses on emissions from crown fires or slash fires in which a high percentage of the fine fuels are burned However, in many temper-ate and boreal conifer ecosystems, surface fires of varying intensities and severities are an important part of the fire regime. In Russia a large percentage of the area burned in a typical year is in surface fires, which will result in lower carbon emissions than crown fires because of lower fuel consumption. lit Russian boreal for est, different distribution patterns of fire severity across the landscape could produce fourfold differences in carbon release. Furthermore, tree mortality after surface fires is often quite extensive, leading to a pulse in carbon release as needles and other fine fuels fall to the ground and decompose. With extensive tree mortality a decrease in carbon sequestration is expected for several years, until stand level photosynthesis returns to prefire levels. Perhaps the largest potential source of error in estimates of carbon release from biomass fires in Russia is inaccuracy in estimates of burned area. Many published estimates of annual burned area in Russia may be extremely low. On the basis of information on fire return intervals and area of boreal forest, 12 million ha per year may be a reasonable conservative estimate of burned area until better data are available. Based on this estimate, direct and indirect fire-generated carbon emissions from boreal forests worldwide may exceed 20% of the estimated global emissions from biomass burning, making them an important component in understanding global atmospheric chemistry. In considering effects of fire an global atmospheric chemistry, it is important to include the effects of fire severity, postfire mortality, decomposition of fine fuels, and changing postfire vegetation structure as components of fire-induced changes in ecosystem-level carbon flux. But the most important factor may be accurate information on the annual area burned. Levels of carbon storage are likely to be highly sensitive to changes in fire return intervals that result from direct human activities and from climatic changes, making accurate assessments of burned areas and fire severity critical. Strong fire management programs will be key to managing future fire regimes and carbon cycling in Russia's boreal forest. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Akademgorodok 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. RP Conard, SG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 201 14th St,SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013 NR 41 TC 108 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1997 VL 98 IS 3 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00140-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZF332 UT WOS:000072886900006 ER PT J AU Kurczynska, EU Dmuchowski, W Wloch, W Bytnerowicz, A AF Kurczynska, EU Dmuchowski, W Wloch, W Bytnerowicz, A TI The influence of air pollutants on needles and stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pinus sylvestris; air pollution; cambium; phloem; xylem; false rings ID POLLUTION; FORESTS; GROWTH; SPRUCE; EUROPE AB The influence of air pollution on the chemical composition of needles and stem anatomy (cambium, phloem, and xylem) of Scot spines (Pinus sylvestris L.) was examined in polluted and control forest sires near Warsaw, Poland. Foliar chemical composition was determined as an indicator of contamination of the trees examined anatomically. Anatomical analysis was carried out on samples including phloem, cambium, and current-year xylem collected at the breast height and from the tree top of the leader during one growing season. At the control site in current-year foliage, concentrations were N 1.53%, P 0.18%, K 0.5%, Ca 0.17%, Mg 910 ppm, Na 45 ppm, and S 0.145%, while at the polluted site concentrations were N 1.73%, P 0.18%, K 0.66%, Ca 0.35%, Mg 1509 ppm, Na 105 ppm and S 0.201%. Concentrations Of heavy metals were significantly higher at the polluted sire; only Mn was found in lower concentration. In trees from the polluted site, anatomical analysis revealed a decreased number of cambial cells at the beginning of growing season, phloem cells (at the tr ee top average number in a radial file was 21 and 14 in control and polluted sites, respectively), and formation of false rings with tracheids, similar to those in compression wood. Anatomical changes observed in trees from polluted sites are most likely caused by toxic effects of pollutants. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Silesian Univ, Dept Biophys & Cell Biol, PL-40034 Katowice, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Bot Garden, PL-02973 Warsaw, Poland. USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Kurczynska, EU (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Dept Biophys & Cell Biol, Ul Jagiellonska 28, PL-40034 Katowice, Poland. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 67 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1997 VL 98 IS 3 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00141-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZF332 UT WOS:000072886900008 ER PT J AU Anderson, PD Houpis, JLJ Helms, JA Momen, B AF Anderson, PD Houpis, JLJ Helms, JA Momen, B TI Seasonal variation of gas exchange and pigmentation in branches of three grafted clones of mature ponderosa pine exposed to ozone and acid rain SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; clones; gas exchange; ozone; Pinus ponderosa ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; LONG-TERM; BETULA-PENDULA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEEDLINGS; CONDUCTANCE; SENSITIVITY; POLLUTION; FOLIAGE; GROWTH AB Gas exchange and pigmentation responses of mature ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) branches to ozone and acid rain exposure were investigated using three grafted clones growing in a managed seed orchard. Exposure of one-year-old foliage to twice ambient ozone (2 x AMB) resulted in significant decreases in net photosynthesis (P-n), stomatal conductance (g(sw)) and pigmentation relative to charcoal-filtered (CF) and ambient (AMB) ozone treatments. Ozone effects on gas exchange and pigmentation were most pronounced during late-season and differed significantly among clones. Environmental parameters (e.g. light, vapor pressure deficit, and temperature) accounted for more variation in P-n than did cumulative ozone exposure. Minimal differences in g(sw) and P-n among ozone treatments occurred during seasonal periods of high temperature and evaporative demand. Negative effects of 2 x AMB ozone on g(sw) and pigmentation were greatest for the clones having highest and lowest phenotypic vigor under ambient conditions; the clone of moderate phenotypic vigor under ambient conditions was least sensitive to ozone. Application of simulated acid rain of pH 3.0, pH 5.1 or no rain (NR) had little impact on gas exchange or pigmentation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Biol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Anderson, PD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1997 VL 97 IS 3 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00093-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YL579 UT WOS:000070970500008 PM 15093363 ER PT J AU Martens, DA Suarez, DL AF Martens, DA Suarez, DL TI Selenium speciation of soil/sediment determined with sequential extractions and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SOIL SELENIUM; SEDIMENTS; ADSORPTION; SPECTROMETRY; CALIFORNIA AB Understanding the speciation of the multioxidation states of selenium is vital to predicting the mineralization, mobilization, and toxicity of the trace element in natural systems. A sequential extraction scheme (SES) was developed for identification of Se oxidation states that first employed 0.1 M (pH 7.0) K2HPO4-KH2PO4 (P-buffer) to release soluble selenate (Se-+VI) and selenide (Se-+II) and ligand-exchangeable selenite (Se-+IV). The second step involved oxidation of organic materials with 0.1 M K2S2O8 (90 degrees C) to release Se--II and Se-+IV associated or occluded with organic matter. The final step used HNO3 (90 degrees C) to solubilize insoluble Se remaining in the sample. The solubilized Se compounds were speciated by a selective hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. Accuracy of the developed SES method (96-103% recovery) was verified by use of prepared Se compounds of known speciation, NIST standard reference materials, and existing seleniferous soils. The average precision (relative standard deviation) for the P-buffer extraction ranged from 5.5 to 7.7% (n = 12); the precision of the persulfate extraction ranged from 2.6 to 8.4% (n = 12); and the precision of the nitric acid extraction ranged from 2.8 to 7.4% (n = 12) for three soils extracted at four different time periods. The method was applied to analyze Se species in seleniferous plant, soil, and sediment samples. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 37 TC 104 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1021/es960214+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC400 UT WOS:A1997WC40000038 ER PT J AU Gao, F Yates, SR Yates, MV Gan, JY Ernst, FF AF Gao, F Yates, SR Yates, MV Gan, JY Ernst, FF TI Design, fabrication, and application of a dynamic chamber for measuring gas emissions from soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; FIELD AB Dynamic or flow-through flux chambers are convenient tools for field measurements of gas fluxes from sails to the atmosphere. In this study, a dynamic flux chamber is designed and fabricated on the basis of aerodynamic considerations so that the conditions assumed for the flux model are closely satisfied. The chamber consists of an inlet transition zone, a square main body, and an outlet transition zone. Six equally-spaced air channels are installed in bath inlet and outlet transition zones to conduct and spread the flowing air uniformly across the soil surface, which help to produce a simple, horizontal, and uniform airstream above the covered soil surface. Aerodynamic tests in the laboratory show that the air sweeps over the entire covered soil surface with a relatively constant velocity at a given air flow rate, and no stagnant air zones are present. The chamber is used in a field fumigation experiment to measure methyl bromide emission at the soil surface. The emission results obtained from the chamber are consistent with those obtained from micrometeorological methods used in the same experiment. C1 USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1021/es9602511 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC400 UT WOS:A1997WC40000040 ER PT J AU Manning, BA Martens, DA AF Manning, BA Martens, DA TI Speciation of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) in sediment extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NATURAL-WATERS; INORGANIC ARSENIC(III); ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ARSENATE; SPECTROSCOPY; SAMPLES; SEPARATION; PHOSPHATE; PAIR AB Determining the redox states of arsenic (As) in environmental samples is important due to the pronounced differences in toxicity and mobility of the various forms. We have combined the separation capabilities of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the sensitivity and element specificity of hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) to determine arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)], which have been shown to be the most toxic and prevalent forms of As in soil and water. The HPLC-HGAAS technique gave retention times of 2.2 and 4.2 min for As(III) and As(V), respectively. Detection limits of 200 pg of As (0.8 mu g L(-1) As in solution) were obtained for both As(III) and As(V). The technique was used to determine As(III) and As(V) in deionized water and 1 mM PO4 sequential extracts of estuarine sediment, coal fly ash, and saline evaporation pond sediment Coal fly ash contained no detectable deionized water-extractable As(III) or As(V), but contained appreciable PO4-extractable As(V). The As(III) species was detected in all extracts of estuarine sediment, though 1 mM PO4 released primarily As(V). Evaporation pond sediment also contained primarily PO4- extractable As(V). C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Manning, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 40 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1021/es9602556 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC400 UT WOS:A1997WC40000043 ER PT B AU Moyes, RB DeLoach, JR AF Moyes, RB DeLoach, JR BE Sprandel, U Way, JL TI A model for the assessment of human recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL2) coated erythrocytes as a delivery system for immunotherapy SO ERYTHROCYTES AS DRUG CARRIERS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Use-of-Resealed-Erythrocytes on Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers in Medicine CY JUL 25-28, 1996 CL IRSEE, GERMANY SP Int Soc Use Resealed Erythrocytes AB A carrier system for IL2 is needed in order to circumvent the toxicity associated with high dose interleukin 2 (IL2) administration and its rapid clearance from circulation. Erythrocytes (RBC) coated with recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) provide a means of delivering IL2 into the system in a continuous, low dose manner which in turn maintains a low, potentially non-toxic, IL2 concentration. Murine RBC coated with rIL2 (RBC-rIL2) induce cytotoxicity (21-31%) upon cytotoxic testing of spleens cells stimulated in vivo. Using the murine Meth A sarcoma model, the effectiveness of this RBC-rIL2 vehicle is demonstrated in vivo by a 84% reduction in tumor size as compared to the soluble rIL2 treated mice. Moreover, the RBC-rIL2 vehicle is able to induce tumoricidal cytotoxicity with very low rIL2 concentrations (about 10,000 I.U. of rIL2 per mouse). These results indicate that rIL2 retains its biological activity when bound to the RBC and therefore could prove useful as a therapeutic delivery system for cancer treatment. RP Moyes, RB (reprint author), ARS,FAPRL,USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45599-4 PY 1997 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BH84K UT WOS:A1997BH84K00001 ER PT B AU Moyes, RB DeLoach, JR AF Moyes, RB DeLoach, JR BE Sprandel, U Way, JL TI Human recombinant interleukin 2 binds to mouse red blood cells via the erythropoietin receptor SO ERYTHROCYTES AS DRUG CARRIERS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Use-of-Resealed-Erythrocytes on Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers in Medicine CY JUL 25-28, 1996 CL IRSEE, GERMANY SP Int Soc Use Resealed Erythrocytes AB Murine red blood cells (RBC) incubated with recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL2) bound 10-20% of the added cytokine with 41.28 +/- 4.64% of the population positive for bound cytokine as determined by fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS) analysis. It has been well documented that a high degree of homology exists between the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and the IL2 beta R chain (based both on amino acid sequence and hydrophobicity alignment), we hypothesized that the rIL2 was binding to residual EPOR on murine RBC. Upon bioassay, it was found that reticulocytes (RET), which express a higher percentage of EPOR than normal RBC, bound 400% more rIL2 as compared to normal RBC. FAGS analysis using fluorescently labeled rIL2 revealed a log higher fluorescence intensity on RET compared to RBC. Therefore, the population of immature or young RBC in circulation which are expressing residual EPOR are binding rIL2 due to cross-reactivity between the EPOR and IL2 beta R. RP Moyes, RB (reprint author), ARS,FAPRL,USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45599-4 PY 1997 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BH84K UT WOS:A1997BH84K00002 ER PT J AU Gravois, KA Webb, BD AF Gravois, KA Webb, BD TI Inheritance of long grain rice amylograph viscosity characteristics SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; amylograph viscosity characteristics; inheritance; rice AB Southern United States long grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a unique market type characterized by intermediate amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and amylograph viscosity profile characteristics. Rice breeders sometimes use long grain germplasm with differing amylograph viscosity profiles. The inheritance of rice amylograph viscosity profiles has not been ascertained and, thus, was the objective of this study. A six parent diallel (parents plus F-1 hybrids) was evaluated at Stuttgart, AR during 1994 and 1995. In 1994, 65 F-2 plants from the 'L-202' x 'Newrex' and L-202 x 'Katy' crosses were space planted, and in 1995, the 65 F-2:3 lines were planted as hill plots. The inheritance of amylograph viscosity profiles appeared to be controlled by a single locus with genes with additive effects. The results of the diallel analysis also support control by a single locus with genes with additive effects because GCA effects were significant and SCA effects nonsignificant for peak, hot paste, and cool paste viscosities. Intermediate amylose content and intermediate amylograph viscosity profiles were strongly correlated. Selection first for intermediate amylose content followed by reselection for intermediate hot paste viscosities would identify long grain genotypes with southern United States long grain cooking quality in progeny from crosses between southern United States long grain rice genotypes and softer cooking long grain genotypes. C1 USDA ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. RP Gravois, KA (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,RICE RES & EXTENS CTR,POB 351,STUTTGART,AR 72160, USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1023/A:1003082930147 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XZ635 UT WOS:A1997XZ63500003 ER PT J AU Kaemmer, D Fischer, D Jarret, RL Baurens, FC Grapin, A Dambier, D Noyer, JL Lanaud, C Kahl, G Lagoda, PJL AF Kaemmer, D Fischer, D Jarret, RL Baurens, FC Grapin, A Dambier, D Noyer, JL Lanaud, C Kahl, G Lagoda, PJL TI Molecular breeding in the genus Musa: a strong case for STMS marker technology SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EUCARPIA Meeting on Tropical Crop Breeding CY MAR 11-15, 1996 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP European Assoc Res Plant Breeding DE biotechnology; Musa; banana; plantain; germplasm genotyping; mapping; molecular breeding; PCR; microsatellites ID REPEAT DNA MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE DNA; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; LINKAGE MAP; CULTIVARS; ABUNDANCE; BARLEY; MOTIFS; RICE; IDENTIFICATION AB Musa species are among the tallest monocotyledons and include major food-producing species. The principal cultivars, derived from two major species Musa acuminata ('A' genome) and Musa balbisiana ('B' genome), are polyploid hybrids (mainly AAA, AAB and ABB triploids), medium to highly sterile, parthenocarpic and clonally propagated. Bananas and plantains are crops to which molecular breeding is expected to have a positive impact. In order to better understand banana genetics, more knowledge has to be accumulated about the complex genome structure of hybrids and cultivars. Therefore, the aim of our work is to develop molecular markers that are codominant, reliable, universal, highly polymorphic and that are applicable to collaborative Musa germplasm genotyping and mapping. Two size-selected genomic libraries have been screened for the presence of simple sequence repeats (SSR). Our data demonstrate that SSR are readily applicable to the study of Musa genetics. Our comprehensive analyses of a significant number of banana sequence tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) will add to our knowledge on the structure and phylogeny of genomes of the Musa species, and suggest that microsatellites be used as anchor markers for a banana genetic core map. Additional markers, such as e.g. CAPS have also been tested in order to increase the detection of polymorphisms exceeding that revealed by STMS technology. The utility of PCR-derived markers for collaborative genetic analyses of the banana genome, and the transferability of 'streamlined' laboratory techniques and data analysis to Developing Countries are discussed. C1 ARS,USDA,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. CIRAD GERDAT,BIOTROP RES UNIT,AGETROP LAB,F-34032 MONTPELLIER 1,FRANCE. RP Kaemmer, D (reprint author), UNIV FRANKFURT,BIOZENTRUM,MARIE CURIE STR 9,D-60439 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NR 49 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1997 VL 96 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1023/A:1002922016294 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XU408 UT WOS:A1997XU40800007 ER PT J AU Eujayl, I Baum, M Erskine, W Pehu, E Muehlbauer, FJ AF Eujayl, I Baum, M Erskine, W Pehu, E Muehlbauer, FJ TI The use of RAPD markers for lentil genetic mapping and the evaluation of distorted F-2 Segregation SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Lens culinaris; linkage; RAPD; segregation distortion ID BETA-VULGARIS L; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS; LINKAGE; ISOZYME; RESISTANCE; LENS; MAPS AB To maximize the extent of polymorphism within a mapping population wide crosses are often made, frequently resulting in distorted segregation. Two parents used in the crosses in this study contained ca 50% from wild lentil genome (Lens culinaris subsp. Orientalis). We investigated the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in the lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), for genetic mapping and testing for segregation distortion in F-2 populations. In cross 1, 83% of the RAPD markers showed segregation distortion, which was also observed for isozyme and morphological loci. By contrast, in cross 2, there was little (10%) segregation distortion. Out of 390 primers tested, 116 primers (29.7%) yielded 192 polymorphic fragments between parents of cross 2. This polymorphism was confirmed as reproducible. Seventy-eight segregating loci were analyzed for linkage, at a LOD score > 3.0, resulted in 28 RAPD, one RFLP, one morphological and three oligonucleotide markers, which were assigned to 9 linkage groups spanning 206 cM. Clearly, in lentil RAPD markers were valuable for genetic mapping and evaluation of segregation distortion. C1 UNIV HELSINKI,DEPT PLANT PROD,FIN-00014 HELSINKI,FINLAND. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,GRAIN LEGUME GENET & PHYSIOL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Eujayl, I (reprint author), ICARDA,POB 5466,ALEPPO,SYRIA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1997 VL 96 IS 3 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1023/A:1003045000568 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XV421 UT WOS:A1997XV42100014 ER PT J AU Chen, JF Staub, JE Tashiro, Y Isshiki, S Miyazaki, S AF Chen, JF Staub, JE Tashiro, Y Isshiki, S Miyazaki, S TI Successful interspecific hybridization between Cucumis sativus L. and C. C-hystrix Chakr. SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE interspecific hybridization; embryo rescue; cucumber; C-sativus; C-hystrix ID LOCI AB Interspecific F-1 hybrids were obtained from a cross between Cucumis sativus L. (2n = 2x = 14) and C. hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2x = 24). Controlled crossing resulted in fruit containing embryos which were excised and rescued on a Murashige and Skoog solid medium. A total of 59 vigorous plants were obtained from a fruit containing 159 embryos (37.3% regeneration rate). Hybrid plants were morphologically uniform. The multiple branching habit, densely brown hairs (especially on corolla and pistil), orange-yellow coIlora, and ovate fruit of F-1 hybrid plants were similar to that of the C. hystrix paternal parent. While appearance of the first pistillate flower was more similar to that of C. sativus maternal parent than to C. hystrix, staminate flower appearance was mid-parent in occurence. The diameter and internode length of stem, shape and size of leaves and flowers were intermediate when compared to the parents. An elongated green, trilobate style/stigma which was not apparent in either parent was observed in staminate flowers of F-1 plants. Similarly, the style/stigma of pistillate flower of F-1 plants were longger when compared to their parents. The brown pubescence observed on pistillate flowers of the F-1 and C. hystrix was not observed on the C. sativus parent. The somatic chromosome number of F-1 plants was 19. Two morphologically distinct groups of chromosomes were observed in the F-1 hybrid; 7 relatively large chromosomes characteristic of C. sativus, and 12 smaller chromosomes characteristic of C. hystrix. Analysis of malate dehydrogenase isozyme banding patterns provided additional confirmation of hybridity. Reciprocal crossing of F-1 plants to either parent and self-crossing indicated that the hybrids were male and female sterile. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. SAGA UNIV,FAC AGR,SAGA 840,JAPAN. RP Chen, JF (reprint author), SW AGR UNIV,DEPT HORT,CHONGQING 630716,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 40 TC 61 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1997 VL 96 IS 3 BP 413 EP 419 DI 10.1023/A:1003017702385 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XV421 UT WOS:A1997XV42100015 ER PT J AU Li, YM Chaney, RL Schneiter, AA Miller, JF Elias, EM Hammond, JJ AF Li, YM Chaney, RL Schneiter, AA Miller, JF Elias, EM Hammond, JJ TI Screening for low grain cadmium phenotypes in sunflower, durum wheat and flax SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE breeding; cadmium; low Cd germplasm; soil series ID RAW AGRICULTURAL CROPS; UNITED-STATES; WINTER-WHEAT; CORN; SOIL; LEAD; ACCUMULATION; TOMATOES; ELEMENTS; HEALTH AB Cadmium (Cd) level in nonoilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grown on uncontaminated, alkaline soils has exceeded limits established in Northern Europe. Separate field experiments were conducted to investigate variability of grain Cd levels among sunflower, durum wheat and flax germplasm, and to seek an efficient screening method for future breeding. There were large variations in leaf Cd concentration among 200 sunflower lines. These lines performed more consistently for Cd uptake at the R5 stage than at the V8 stage across 4 locations with markedly differing soils. Cd concentration in V8 leaves was not related to Cd in grain. The positive correlation between R5 leaf Cd and kernel Cd level was obtained from nonoilseed hybrid (Sigco 954) (R-2 = 0.74**), and 200 lines (R-2 = 0.44**) tested over 4 locations in 2 field trials, respectively. This indicates that an efficient and low cost screening method can be developed for genotype selection, but plants must be grown to the R5 stage. A preliminary evaluation of 30 durum wheat and 74 flax lines indicated large variations in grain Cd level of durum wheat and flax. Grain Cd concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.34 mg Cd kg(-1) DW for durum wheat, and 0.14 to 1.37 mg Cd kg(-1) DW for flax, respectively. This variability indicates that breeding for low grain Cd in durum wheat and flax should be feasible. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Li, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 66 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1997 VL 94 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1023/A:1002996405463 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WY840 UT WOS:A1997WY84000004 ER PT J AU Predieri, S Magli, M Zimmerman, RH AF Predieri, S Magli, M Zimmerman, RH TI Pear mutagenesis: In vitro treatment with gamma-rays and field selection for vegetative form traits SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE breeding; in vitro; mutagenesis; pear; selection; Pyrus communis AB In vitro shoots of four pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars, 'Conference', 'Doyenne d'Hiver', 'Passe Crassane' and 'Bartlett', were irradiated with gamma rays (3.5 Gy). Around 1000 microcuttings of each cultivar were treated. After three subcultures, microcuttings from both the irradiated shoots and additional non-irradiated shoots were rooted; plants obtained were used to establish a survey orchard in Ostellato (Ferrara), Italy. For the first 2 years in the field, growth and survival were observed, but no data were collected. Subsequently, field surveys were conducted to characterize the population and identify mutants for vegetative traits. Trees that showed phenotypic evidence of vegetative growth characteristics more desirable than those shown by the overall population and by control plants were selected and measured for three years. Traits used for selection were small tree size, wide branch angle and short internodes. Frequencies of variants with compact habit varied with cultivars from 0.5% to 2.7% of irradiated trees. Effect of mutagenic treatment and efficacy of the selection methods are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Predieri, S (reprint author), CNR,IST ECOFISIOL PIANTE ARBOREE FRUTTO,ISTEA,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. RI Predieri, Stefano/C-4392-2015 OI Predieri, Stefano/0000-0003-4270-4914 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1997 VL 93 IS 2 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1023/A:1002984516192 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WJ159 UT WOS:A1997WJ15900012 ER PT J AU Hoecker, U Quail, PH AF Hoecker, U Quail, PH TI The phytochrome family of photoreceptors SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAG MBH PI STUTTGART PA BIRKENWALDSTRASSE 44, POSTFACH 10 10 61, 70009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0171-9335 J9 EUR J CELL BIOL JI Eur. J. Cell Biol. PY 1997 VL 72 SU 43 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WN584 UT WOS:A1997WN58400002 ER PT J AU Jung, R Scott, MP Nam, YW Beaman, T Saalbach, G Nielsen, NC Muntz, K AF Jung, R Scott, MP Nam, YW Beaman, T Saalbach, G Nielsen, NC Muntz, K TI An Asn-specific cysteine endopeptidase processes prolegumin and transforms it into mature legumin hexamers for vacuolar deposition in storage tissue cells of legume seeds SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INST PFLANZENGENET & KULTURPFLANZENFORSCH,D-06466 GATERSLEBEN,GERMANY. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAG MBH PI STUTTGART PA BIRKENWALDSTRASSE 44, POSTFACH 10 10 61, 70009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0171-9335 J9 EUR J CELL BIOL JI Eur. J. Cell Biol. PY 1997 VL 72 SU 43 BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WN584 UT WOS:A1997WN58400345 ER PT J AU Weirich, GF AF Weirich, GF TI Ecdysone 20-hydroxylation in Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) midgut: Development-related changes of mitochondrial and microsomal ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activities in the fifth larval instar SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco hornworm; Manduca sexta; midgut; 20-hydroxylation; ecdysone 20-monooxygenase; ecdysone 26-monooxygenase; microsomes; mitochondria; cytochrome P-450 ID DEPENDENT STEROID HYDROXYLASE; TOBACCO HORNWORM; ALPHA-ECDYSONE; 3-OXOECDYSTEROID REDUCTASES; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; REVERSIBLE ACTIVATION; PUPAL DEVELOPMENT; COTTON LEAFWORM; LIFE-CYCLE; HOUSE-FLY AB In the mid fifth-larval-instar tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, the midgut has high ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (E20MO) activity, with a peak at the onset of wandering on day five. Activities of E20MO, present both in mitochondria and in microsomes, were determined around the time of the peak. During the day preceding the peak the microsomal E20MO increased 60-fold (total activity) or 115-fold (specific activity), and it decreased to one half or less of the peak activities within two days after the peak. The mitochondrial E20MO increased only 1.3 to 2.4-fold (total and specific activities, respectively) before the peak, but declined more rapidly than the microsomal E20MO after the peak. It is concluded that mitochondrial and microsomal E20MO activities are controlled independently and that changes in the physiological rate of ecdysone 20-hydroxylation are effected primarily by changes of the microsomal E20MO activities. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CZECH ACAD SCI, INST ENTOMOLOGY PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31, CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC 370 05 SN 1210-5759 J9 EUR J ENTOMOL JI Eur. J. Entomol. PY 1997 VL 94 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP499 UT WOS:A1997WP49900002 ER PT J AU Ball, VE Barkaoui, A Bureau, JC Butault, JP AF Ball, VE Barkaoui, A Bureau, JC Butault, JP TI Aggregation methods for intercountry comparisons of prices and real values in agriculture: A review and synthesis SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE inner numbers; intercountry comparisons; productivity; purchasing power parity ID SUPERLATIVE INDEX NUMBERS; PRODUCTIVITY; OUTPUT; INPUT AB This paper considers alternative approaches to providing consistent intercountry comparisons of prices, quantities and productivity in the agricultural sector. Bilateral index numbers allow price and quantity comparisons between two countries, whereas multilateral indexes make it possible to construct real values, purchasing-power parities (PPPs) and productivity indexes across a larger number of countries at a given point in time. We describe the empirical and theoretical properties of the most common index numbers. We then examine how empirical results are affected by applying the different multilateral approaches to compare the real agricultural output of ten European countries and the United States. We provide a set of PPPs for agricultural output which can be used for comparing real agricultural output aggregates. C1 INRA,ESR,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOUTON DE GRUYTER PI HAWTHORNE PA 200 SAW MILL RIVER RD, HAWTHORNE, NY 10532 SN 0165-1587 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 183 EP 206 PG 24 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA XQ798 UT WOS:A1997XQ79800002 ER PT S AU McInnis, DO Tam, S Grace, C Ip, P Baumgartner, J Miyashita, D Lance, D AF McInnis, DO Tam, S Grace, C Ip, P Baumgartner, J Miyashita, D Lance, D GP INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY TI Field evaluations of a genetic sexing strain of Ceratitis capitata in Hawaii SO EVALUATION OF GENETICALLY ALTERED MEDFLIES FOR USE IN STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUES PROGRAMMES SE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY : PANEL PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Final Research Co-Ordination Meeting on the Evaluation of Genetically Altered Medflies for Use in Sterile Insect Technique Programmes CY JUN 11-13, 1994 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Joint FAO IAEA Div Nucl Tech Food & Agr AB Large scale field studies of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, were carried out in Hawaii using a genetic sexing strain based on pupal colour. In a ground release population suppression study, an all-male release was compared with a bisexual release; also included was a release of predominantly females. Following release, egg hatch measurements in the field indicated that the release of males was about four times more effective than the release of males and females. The release of females only, as expected, failed to show any effect on egg fertility. During the latter part of the releases it appeared that the wild medfly population was developing some form of behavioural resistance to the released sterile males. C1 Agr Res Serv, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96804 USA. RP McInnis, DO (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96804 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1876 BN 92-0-103897-6 J9 IAEA PAN P PY 1997 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BL06W UT WOS:000074149900011 ER PT S AU Seawright, JA AF Seawright, JA GP INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY TI Future needs in research on genetic sexing of Ceratitis capitata SO EVALUATION OF GENETICALLY ALTERED MEDFLIES FOR USE IN STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUES PROGRAMMES SE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY : PANEL PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Final Research Co-Ordination Meeting on the Evaluation of Genetically Altered Medflies for Use in Sterile Insect Technique Programmes CY JUN 11-13, 1994 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Joint FAO IAEA Div Nucl Tech Food & Agr AB The author makes suggestions on the direction of research for genetic sexing over the next several years and prepared the paper as a guide for discussion. The literature of genetic and cytogenetic studies on insects as a whole is the basis for most of the approaches that the genetic control community has used, but only a tiny fraction of the literature is directed at genetic sexing and most of that is limited to small scale laboratory studies. The effort to use genetic sexing strains on the scale of mass rearing of medflies is unprecedented, and it is not surprising that a few problems have been encountered during implementation. Consideration of this fact leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to 'think big' and target the research. C1 Agr Res Serv, Insects Affecting Man & Anim Lab, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Seawright, JA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Insects Affecting Man & Anim Lab, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1876 BN 92-0-103897-6 J9 IAEA PAN P PY 1997 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BL06W UT WOS:000074149900012 ER PT J AU Shang, F Gong, X Palmer, HJ Nowell, TR Taylor, A AF Shang, F Gong, X Palmer, HJ Nowell, TR Taylor, A TI Age-related decline in ubiquitin conjugation in response to oxidative stress in the lens SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ubiquitin; oxidation; proteolysis; stress; lens; aging ID ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; HEMOGLOBIN-ALPHA-CHAINS; PROTEIN LIGASE SYSTEM; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CARRIER PROTEIN; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; POLYUBIQUITIN GENE; DEGRADATION SIGNAL; CATARACT FORMATION; ACTIVATING ENZYME AB Accumulation of damaged proteins is a major age-related change in lenses of virtually all species and is associated with lens opacification. Proteolytic removal of the damaged proteins may play an important role in maintaining the transparency of the lens. In many tissues, selective removal of abnormal or damaged proteins occurs via a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. Ubiquitin, an 8.5 kDa polypeptide, selectively binds to proteins to form ubiquitin-protein conjugates. This ubiquitin-protein conjugate is, in most cases, a signal for protein degradation. In this work, age-related changes in rat lens in the following aspects were detected: (a) levels of the ubiquitin-protein conjugates, (b) some of the enzymes involved in ubiquitin conjugation in rat lenses, and (c) ability to respond to oxidative damage. Endogenous ubiquitin-protein conjugates were detected in epithelium, cortex and nucleus of lenses from young and old rats. The levels of endogenous high molecular weight (HMW) ubiquitin-protein conjugates in each developmental zone of the lenses from young rats were higher than that in the counterparts of lenses from old animals. Peroxide-treatment generally resulted in elevated levels of endogenous HMW ubiquitin-protein conjugates although masses of bulk proteins remain unchanged. The increases in ubiquitin-protein conjugates in the epithelial sections of young and old lenses upon oxidative stress were comparable. In the cortex of young lenses, there was a significant oxidation-related increase in ubiquitin-protein conjugates. There was a similar trend but diminished response in the cortex of old lenses. Nuclear fibers from young lenses also showed an oxidation-induced increase in the level of ubiquitin-protein conjugates. This response was not observed in nuclear fibers of old lenses. The ability to form HMW-ubiquitin conjugates with exogenous I-125-labeled ubiquitin in the lens also increased upon oxidative stress. The extent of the increase in the de-novo ubiquitin conjugating activity upon exposure to oxidation in old lens was much smaller than in young lens. Ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), and ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2(17k), E2(20k) and E2(25k)) were detected by thiol ester assays or Western blot analysis, No significant age-related changes in the levels of E1, E2(17k), E2(20k) and E2(25k) were detected. The activity of E1 and E2(17k) increased upon exposure to H2O2. These data indicate that lens has the ability to increase ubiquitin conjugation activity in response to oxidative stress and this ability is attenuated upon aging. The age-related decrease in the ability to mount a ubiquitin-dependent response upon oxidation may contribute to the accumulation of damaged proteins in the old lenses. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LAB NUTR & VIS RES,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08566] NR 61 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1006/exer.1996.0176 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WE393 UT WOS:A1997WE39300004 PM 9093017 ER PT J AU Lipman, RD AF Lipman, RD TI Pathobiology of aging rodents: Inbred and hybrid models SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Animal Models for Aging Research CY MAY 12-19, 1995 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Natl Inst on Aging DE mice; rats; pathology; gerontology; inbred; hybrid; nutrition; aging ID MOUSE; MICE; AGE; MAP; STRATEGIES; LONGEVITY; RATS AB The definition of inbred strains of animals is provided, underscoring the homogeneity of the individuals in a strain, as well as the lack of allelic variation within each individual. Inbred animals present long-term reproducibility and relative stability, which facilitates experimentation over a long period of time. The derivations of several specific groups of inbred animals including coisogenic, congenic, and recombinant inbred lines are detailed. Applications for inbred strains to the study of aging including analysis of longevity characteristics, genes involved in the control of age-related parameters and gene interactions with other genes or the environment are presented. The concept of aging as a consequence of genes and the ramifications of competitive pleiotropy are discussed. The distinction between aging and age-related diseases or lesions is explored. Cumulative lesion incidence is suggested as a biomarker of aging. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Lipman, RD (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07747] NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD JAN-APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0531-5565(96)00037-X PG 14 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WN275 UT WOS:A1997WN27500023 PM 9088918 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Sakanari, JA AF Hill, DE Sakanari, JA TI Trichuris suis: Thiol protease activity from adult worms SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nematode; protease; cysteine protease; fluorogenic substrates; Trichuris suis ID HOOKWORM ANCYLOSTOMA-CANINUM; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; PROTEINASE ACTIVITY; CATHEPSIN-S; LARVAE; IDENTIFICATION AB Trichuris suis, the whipworm of swine, causes anemia, weight loss, anorexia, mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, and death in heavy infections. A zinc metalloprotease has been suggested to play a role in the severe enteric pathology associated with infection and the infiltration of opportunistic bacteria into deeper tissues in the swine colon. In this study, a thiol protease from gut extracts of adult T. suis and from excretory/secretory components (E/S) of adult worms was characterized using fluorogenic peptide substrates and protein substrate gels. The protease cleaved the fluorogenic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC, and this cleavage was completely inhibited by the thiol protease inhibitors E-64, leupeptin, Z-Phe-Ala-CH2F, and Z-Phe-Arg-CH2F. Gelatin substrate gels and fluorescence assays using both the gut and the stichosome extracts and E/S revealed enhanced activity when 2 mM dithiothreitol or 5 mM cysteine was included in the incubation buffer, and optimal activity was seen over a pH range of 5.5 to 8.5. Incubation of gut extracts or E/S material with inhibitors of aspartic, serine, or metalloproteases had no effect on the cleavage of Z-Phe-Arg-AMC. Thiol protease activity was found in extracts of gut tissue but not in the extracts of stichocytes of adult worms. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the protease revealed sequence homologies with cathepsin B-like thiol protease identified from parasitic and free-living nematodes. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT PATHOL, VAMC, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94121 USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI, PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BLDG 1044, ROOM 100, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI29457] NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 85 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1006/expr.1996.4125 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA WF956 UT WOS:A1997WF95600007 PM 9024202 ER PT B AU Ellingson, JLE Stabel, JR AF Ellingson, JLE Stabel, JR BE Chiodini, RJ Hines, ME Collins, MT TI Cloning and sequence analysis of a recA4-like gene from Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS: MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis of the International-Association-for-Paratuberculosis CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 1996 CL MADISON, WI SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-963304-33-X PY 1997 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BK83Z UT WOS:000073607200025 ER PT B AU Wells, SJ Ott, SL Garber, LP Bulaga, LL AF Wells, SJ Ott, SL Garber, LP Bulaga, LL BE Chiodini, RJ Hines, ME Collins, MT TI Johne's disease on US dairy operations: Results from the NAHMS Dairy 96 Study SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS: MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis of the International-Association-for-Paratuberculosis CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 1996 CL MADISON, WI SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis AB Results from the NAHMS Dairy 96 Study showed that while 55% of U.S. dairy producers reportedly were familiar with Johne's disease, 35% were not familiar with this disease beyond name recognition and another 10% had not heard of it. Twenty percent of dairy producers reportedly had Johne's disease diagnosed in their herds in the past 10 years, but only 13% of producers indicated cattle were fecal ol-blood tested for this disease within the past 2 years. These estimates indicate the need for educational efforts to elevate Johne's disease familiarity, recognition, and testing, and better information to support this, to ensure the success of future national Johne's disease preventive efforts. C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Wells, SJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol Anim Hlth, 555 S Howes,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-963304-33-X PY 1997 BP 140 EP 142 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BK83Z UT WOS:000073607200029 ER PT B AU Stabel, JR AF Stabel, JR BE Chiodini, RJ Hines, ME Collins, MT TI Debate: Paratuberculosis control - Vaccination vs. eradication by on-farm infection control and test-and-slaughter SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS: MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis of the International-Association-for-Paratuberculosis CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 1996 CL MADISON, WI SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-963304-33-X PY 1997 BP 212 EP 212 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BK83Z UT WOS:000073607200041 ER PT B AU Stabel, JR AF Stabel, JR BE Chiodini, RJ Hines, ME Collins, MT TI Production of gamma-interferon by peripheral blood mononuclear cells: An important diagnostic tool for detection of subclinical paratuberculosis SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS: MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis of the International-Association-for-Paratuberculosis CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 1996 CL MADISON, WI SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis AB Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from noninfected control cows and from cows with either subclinical or clinical paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). Cells were incubated for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours in complete medium with the following mitogens: concanavalin A (ConA) phytohemagglutinin-P (PHAP), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, cells were incubated for the same time periods with a Mycobacterium paratuberculosis sonicate (MpS) and live and heat-killed M. paratuberculosis at 10:1 bacteria to cell ratio. After incubation, cell-free supernatants were analyzed for gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) production. Cells from subclinical cows produced significantly greater levels of gamma-IFN than did cells from clinical animals after stimulation with mitogens, ConA, PHAP: and PWM. Levels of gamma-IFN produced by noninfected control animals generally followed the pattern of subclinical animals. After incubation with MpS, significantly greater quantities of gamma-IFN were produced by cells isolated form subclinical animals compared to cells from clinical cows and noninfected controls. Stimulation of cells with heat-killed or live M. paratuberculosis evoked a similar response. This study indicates that gamma-IFN; production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to M. paratuberculosis antigen may be an important diagnostic tool for the detection of paratuberculosis in subclinical animals. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-963304-33-X PY 1997 BP 262 EP 269 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BK83Z UT WOS:000073607200053 ER PT B AU Stabel, JR Ackermann, MR Goff, JP AF Stabel, JR Ackermann, MR Goff, JP BE Chiodini, RJ Hines, ME Collins, MT TI Comparison of polyclonal antibodies to three different preparations of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in immunohistochemical diagnosis of Johne's disease in cattle SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS: MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis of the International-Association-for-Paratuberculosis CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 1996 CL MADISON, WI SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-963304-33-X PY 1997 BP 307 EP 307 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BK83Z UT WOS:000073607200061 ER PT B AU Stabel, JR Steadham, E Bolin, CA AF Stabel, JR Steadham, E Bolin, CA BE Chiodini, RJ Hines, ME Collins, MT TI Heat inactivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw milk using holder test tube method and lab-scale industrial pasteurization method SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS: MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis of the International-Association-for-Paratuberculosis CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 1996 CL MADISON, WI SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis C1 ARS, USDA, NADC, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-963304-33-X PY 1997 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BK83Z UT WOS:000073607200082 ER PT S AU Havey, MJ Bradeen, JM Bark, OH AF Havey, MJ Bradeen, JM Bark, OH BE Burba, JL Galmarini, CR TI Phylogenies in Allium section cepa estimated by restriction-enzyme analyses of chloroplast and nuclear DNA SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EDIBLE ALLIACEAE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae CY MAR 14-18, 1994 CL MENDOZA, ARGENTINA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Asociac Argentina Horticultura, Gobierno Provinc Mendoza, Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuar, Univ Nacl Cuyo, Asociac Productores Ajo Cebolla & Afines Provinc Mendoza, Oficina Reg FAO Amer Latina & Caribe DE bulb onion; bunching onion; restriction fragment length polymorphisms AB Morphological and karyotypic characteristics have been used to classify A. cepa (bulb onion), A. fistulosum (Japanese bunching onion), and at least six wild species into section Cepa. Maternal phylogenies were estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the chloroplast DNA. Allium oschaninii appeared most closely related to the progenitor of all species in section Cepa. A well supported maternal clade containing A. altaicum, A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A. galanthum, and A. vavilovii was present in 100% of the bootstrapped Wagner trees. Random nuclear RFLPs revealed considerable divergence among species within this clade. Three distinct groups were identified, comprised of A. altaicum and A. fistulosum, A, galanthum, and A. cepa and A. vavilovii. Random nuclear RFLPs were then used to estimate relationships among open-pollinated populations of the bulb onion. Parsimony analyses suggested that long-day storage and short-day populations do not represent distinct sources of germplasm, but that long-day storage populations are a derived group selected for production at higher latitudes. Assuming that the sampled populations are representative, the collection and maintenance of short-day populations is important for the preservation of genetic diversity in onion. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-799-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1997 IS 433 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK31S UT WOS:000071767100009 ER PT B AU Bobbe, T AF Bobbe, T GP ASPRS ASPRS TI Applications of a color infrared digital camera system as a remote sensing tool for natural resource management SO FIRST NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SMALL FORMAT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st North American Symposium on Small Format Aerial Photography CY OCT 14-17, 1997 CL CLOQUET, MN SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Digital cameras are a recent development in electronic imaging that provide a unique capability to acquire high resolution digital imagery in near real-time. The USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center has recently completed several evaluation projects using a color infrared (CIR) digital camera system. The CIR digital camera system was developed for the Forest Service through a contract with the Eastman Kodak Corporation. A Kodak DCS 420 digital camera was modified to provide imagery with a spectral response very similar to conventional color infrared aerial film. A GPS interface was included to record the general position of image exposure. The color infrared DCS 420 has been used extensively for natural resource applications including: forest fire burn area assessments, riparian mapping and monitoring, forest pest and disease detection and monitoring, GIS updates, land use change detection, and mapping noxious weeds. The camera system has proved to be useful for aerial survey projects ranging from 100 to 30,000 acres in size. The camera is relatively inexpensive and easy to use. Forest Service field personnel are using the camera in either a handheld manner or by mounting it in a camera bay for aerial surveys. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Remote sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA. RP Bobbe, T (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Remote sensing Applicat Ctr, 2222 W 2300 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA BN 1-57083-052-5 PY 1997 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BM65Z UT WOS:000079363000007 ER PT B AU Knapp, KA Disperati, A Hoppus, M AF Knapp, KA Disperati, A Hoppus, M GP ASPRS ASPRS TI Evaluation of a color infrared digital camera system for forest health protection applications in the Western United States and Southern Brazil SO FIRST NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SMALL FORMAT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st North American Symposium on Small Format Aerial Photography CY OCT 14-17, 1997 CL CLOQUET, MN SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB In a cooperative project conducted by the Boise Field Office, Forest Health Protection. the Federal University! of Parana, and supported by the Remote Sensing Application Center and Eastman Kodak Company, a color infrared digital camera system was evaluated for use in forest health protection applications in the western United States and southern Brazil. Aerial images were acquired via fixed wing aircraft over areas damaged by native forest pests and wildfire in the western United States. and over areas damaged by an introduced forest pest in southern Brazil. Images were obtained under varying weather and light conditions. Color infrared digital images were compared to visual observations and to small and medium format natural color photography. Significant enhancement in identification and quantification of forest pest activity was recorded, especially with forest pests which normally display low signature to background contrast. Results indicate that the camera system can be successfully used to supplement existing operational remote sensing techniques currently used for monitoring and quantifying forest pest activity and mapping wildfire damage. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Boise, ID USA. RP Knapp, KA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Boise, ID USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA BN 1-57083-052-5 PY 1997 BP 80 EP 90 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BM65Z UT WOS:000079363000008 ER PT B AU Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Noriega, JR Davis, MR Cavazos, I AF Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Noriega, JR Davis, MR Cavazos, I GP ASPRS ASPRS TI A digital imaging system and its application to natural resource management SO FIRST NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SMALL FORMAT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st North American Symposium on Small Format Aerial Photography CY OCT 14-17, 1997 CL CLOQUET, MN SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB This paper describes a true digital imaging system assembled for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). The system components consist of two 35.6-cm monitors, three black-and-white(B&W) noninterlaced digital charge coupled device (CCD) cameras, a computer, a versa module europa (VME) enclosure, and a global positioning system (GPS). The cameras are visible/near-infrared (NIR) light sensitive (0.4 - 1.0 mu m waveband) that have built-in analog/digital (A/D) converters and are equipped with sensors having an array of 1320 (H) by 1035 (v) light sensitive pixels. The cameras are also equipped with narrowband interference filters. The computer is a pentium (100 MHz) system that is interphased with the VME enclosure which contain three image grabbing boards that obtain 1024 by 1024 pixels resolution imagery. The computer can store approximately 500 color composite images. The GPS data is simultaneously acquired with the imagery and stored into a separate computer text file. Digital imagery acquired with the system in testing trials has shown it has potential use for remote sensing applications. Imagery obtained with the system is presented. C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA BN 1-57083-052-5 PY 1997 BP 123 EP 136 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BM65Z UT WOS:000079363000013 ER PT B AU Reutebuch, SE Ahmed, KM AF Reutebuch, SE Ahmed, KM GP ASPRS ASPRS TI Monitoring stand development within the Mt. St. Helens blast zone using a twin-camera helicopter boom SO FIRST NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SMALL FORMAT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st North American Symposium on Small Format Aerial Photography CY OCT 14-17, 1997 CL CLOQUET, MN SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Twenty-five 6.5-ha regeneration plots were established in the Mt. St. Helens blast zone following salvage logging operations. Five different silvicultural thinning treatments have been applied to these plots. In July 1995, a twin-camera helicopter boom system was used to acquire very large-scale (1:850) stereopairs within each 6.5-ha plot. In addition, an overflight of the area was conducted to acquire standard 65% forward overlap stereo photos at a scale of 1:9,000. These overflight photos were used to locate each 1:850 stereopair within each 6.5-ha plot so that data can be gee-referenced and entered into a geographic information system. The 1:850 stereopairs are being used to make individual tree measurements and other site parameters, such as crown closure and size and distribution of understory vegetation and large woody debris. A PC-base analytical stereoplotter is being used to collect all photo measurements. Because the distance between the cameras on the helicopter boom is known, a local coordinate system of known scale can be established for each 1:850 stereomodel. Distances and heights can be measured to within 5% of field-measured values, without the need for ground control. By using an analytical stereoplotter to perform orientations on each stereomodel, accurate measurements can be made in areas with large amounts of relief displacement, even if the camera lines of sight are not parallel. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Reutebuch, SE (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA BN 1-57083-052-5 PY 1997 BP 173 EP 185 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BM65Z UT WOS:000079363000018 ER PT B AU Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Davis, MR AF Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Davis, MR GP ASPRS ASPRS TI Some applications of 70-mm aerial photography for detecting noxious plant species and insect infestations SO FIRST NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SMALL FORMAT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st North American Symposium on Small Format Aerial Photography CY OCT 14-17, 1997 CL CLOQUET, MN SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service(ARS), Weslaco, Texas has worked with small format aerial photography as a remote sensing tool for two decades. This paper overviews some selected applications of 70-mm aerial photography by USDA-ARS scientists for assessing natural resources. This research has been conducted using both conventional color and color-infrared films. Applications addressed include detecting noxious plant species and insect infestations. Ground reflectance measurements have been used in conjunction with several studies to help interpret the image responses of plant species. Computer image analyses are used to measure the proportion of landscapes infested by noxious plants. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM j-everitt@tamu.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA BN 1-57083-052-5 PY 1997 BP 204 EP 218 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BM65Z UT WOS:000079363000021 ER PT B AU Roberts, C AF Roberts, C BE Martin, RE Collette, RL Salvin, JW TI Assessing seafood information electronically SO FISH INSPECTION, QUALITY CONTROL AND HACCP: A GLOBAL FOCUS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fish Inspection and Quality Control CY MAY 19-24, 1996 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Fisheries Inst, US FDA, UN Food & Agr Org, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Canadian Dept Fihseries & Oceans, Fisheries Council Canada, Joseph Slavin & Associates, GEM Biomed Inc AB Part of the challenge of living in the information age is obtaining and sifting through all the information that is whizzing by at megabyte speeds. Information in and of itself is not useful; to be useful it must be accessible to the people who need it. Fortunately, information has never been as accessible as it is in today's world. We owe much of that accessibility to the Internet and to the thousands of individuals, organizations, companies and agencies that are working to make their information available over the Internet. At last count, 5.8 million people in the U.S. alone are using the Intemet.(1) This paper focuses on Internet resources that are of interest to those in the seafood industry. I will discuss the types of information you can expect to find, along with some specific addresses of where to find that information. Space limitations force me to assume that the reader has some familiarity with the Intemet and with the World Wide Web in particular. If that is not the case, there are plenty of books on how to get hooked up to the Internet. The Internet is a such a dynamic, fast-growing, ever-changing environment that no sooner does one write about resources on the Internet, than the information has changed. Undoubtedly by the time you read this there will be new and wonderful information available. C1 USDA, Natl Agr Lib, Food & Nutr Informat Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roberts, C (reprint author), USDA, Natl Agr Lib, Food & Nutr Informat Ctr, 10301 Baltimore Blvd,Room 304, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-546-3 PY 1997 BP 569 EP 571 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology SC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology GA BQ50E UT WOS:000088535800067 ER PT S AU Birnbaum, NG AF Birnbaum, NG BE Gudding, R Lillehaug, A Midtlyng, P Brown, F TI Regulation of veterinary biological products for fish in the United States SO FISH VACCINOLOGY SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Fish Vaccinology CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL OSLO, NORWAY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, Natl Ctr Vet Contract Res & Commercial Serv Ltd, Natl Vet Inst AB The USDA regulates veterinary biological products for fish in the U.S. to ensure that they are pure, safe, potent and efficacious, and not worthless, contaminated, dangerous, or harmful. To market a biological, USDA establishment and product licences (for U.S. biologicals manufacturers) or a USDA permit (for U.S. representatives of biologicals manufacturers abroad) are required. The USDA will issue the appropriate licences or permit following submission of acceptable documentation by the applicant, inspection of production facilities and confirmatory testing by the USDA. RP Birnbaum, NG (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, UNIT 148, 4700 RIVER RD, RIVERDALE, MD 20373 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-6482-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 1997 VL 90 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Biology; Fisheries; Immunology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Fisheries; Immunology GA BJ41D UT WOS:A1997BJ41D00033 PM 9270861 ER PT S AU Klesius, P Shoemaker, C Sealey, W AF Klesius, P Shoemaker, C Sealey, W BE Gudding, R Lillehaug, A Midtlyng, P Brown, F TI Heterologous isolates challenge of channel catfish immune to Edwardsiella ictaluri SO FISH VACCINOLOGY SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Fish Vaccinology CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL OSLO, NORWAY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, Natl Ctr Vet Contract Res & Commercial Serv Ltd, Natl Vet Inst RP Klesius, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, FISH DIS & PARASITES RES LAB, POB 952, AUBURN, AL 36830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-6482-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 1997 VL 90 BP 450 EP 450 PG 1 WC Biology; Fisheries; Immunology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Fisheries; Immunology GA BJ41D UT WOS:A1997BJ41D00066 ER PT J AU Glavin, M AF Glavin, M TI Update on implementation of the final rule on pathogen reduction and HACCP SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FDLI 40th Annual Education Conference CY DEC 10-11, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP FDLI RP Glavin, M (reprint author), US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,OFF POLICY PROGRAM DEV & EVALUAT,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP 323 EP 325 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XR452 UT WOS:A1997XR45200009 PM 10343032 ER PT J AU Lu, YC Daughtry, C Hart, G Watkins, B AF Lu, YC Daughtry, C Hart, G Watkins, B TI The current state of precision farming SO FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT AB Precision farming, or site-specific farming, has emerged as a promising group of technologies that could increase agricultural productivity with environmental stewardship. It is a knowledge-based system that integrates many advanced information technologies. Precision farming enables farmers to apply precise amounts of fertilizers, pesticides, water, seeds or other inputs to specific areas where and when they are needed for optimal crop growth. The major components include grid sampling, Global Positioning System (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, yield monitors, variable rate application (VRA), and computer simulation models. This paper reviews the current state of the art of precision farming and its major components, and discusses economic feasibility and potential implications for agricultural structure and rural communities. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 007,ROOM 8,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 8755-9129 J9 FOOD REV INT JI Food Rev. Int. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 2 BP 141 EP 162 PG 22 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XJ902 UT WOS:A1997XJ90200001 ER PT J AU Buttery, RG Ling, LC AF Buttery, RG Ling, LC TI 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine: Odor thresholds in water solution SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE odor thresholds; pyrazins; cooking; flavour AB Odor threshold studies of highly purified forms of 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethypyrazine and 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine in water solution showed that the -3,5- isomer was a much more potent odorant with a threshold of 0.04 mu g/L compared to that of 8.6 mu g/mu g/L for the -3,6- isomer, thus confirming reported aroma extract dilution analysis air diluted GC effluent threshold measurements on these compounds. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Buttery, RG (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1 BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WF542 UT WOS:A1997WF54200016 ER PT J AU Bietz, JA Lookhart, GL AF Bietz, JA Lookhart, GL TI Wheat varietal identification by capillary electrophoresis: An inter-laboratory comparison of methods SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Cereal-Chemists CY OCT 23-27, 1994 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Assoc Cereal Chem DE wheat; proteins; gliadin; capillary; electrophoresis AB Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a rapid automated method for wheat protein analysis It is sensitive, reproducible, and gives high resolution separation of gliadins, differentiating most genotypes. Optimal CE conditions have not yet been established, however, nor methods compared between laboratories. We therefore analysed gliadins from several varieties by two methods in two laboratories using comparable CE systems. A commercial 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, containing a linear hydrophilic polymer, was used with uncoated 27 cm silica capillaries (20 cm from inlet to detector) of 50 and 20 mu m i.d. Separations with 50 mu m capillaries were performed at 7 kV and required 30-40 min; those with 20 mu m capillaries were performed at 22 kV, and separations took about 10 min. In each laboratory, both methods gave excellent separations with comparable selectivity and resolution. For some analyses (especially those using 50 mu m capillaries), however, elution times and operating currents varied with different batches of commercial buffers, giving unacceptable reproducibility. Thus, while CE is a useful alternative to slab gel electrophoresis or high performance liquid chromatography for wheat varietal identification, CE buffer compositions must be carefully controlled to ensure acceptable reproducibility. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP Bietz, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1997 VL 30 IS 2 BP 210 EP 213 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WM248 UT WOS:A1997WM24800014 ER PT J AU Shaw, PE Moshonas, MG AF Shaw, PE Moshonas, MG TI Quantification of volatile constituents in orange juice drinks and its use for comparison with pure juices by multivariate analysis SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE headspace gas chromatography; Citrus sinensis; principal components analysis; sample classification ID FRESH AB Thirty-two orange juice drinks containing up to 50% orange juice were analysed by headspace gas chromatography and 46 volatile constituents were quantified in each sample. Principal components analysis was used to classify the juice drinks into three types based on juice content. It was also possible to classify the orange juice drinks relative to pure juice samples by comparing the 32 drink samples to 62 pure orange juice samples previously analysed using the same 46 volatile constituents. Principal components analysis separated this group of orange juice products into three types: orange juice drinks, juices prepared from orange juice concentrate and juices not from concentrate. Such classification was not possible based on the quantitative information without the aid of computer assisted multivariate analysis techniques. RP Shaw, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S NW,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1997 VL 30 IS 5 BP 497 EP 501 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XN965 UT WOS:A1997XN96500010 ER PT J AU Kozempel, M Scullen, OJ Cook, R Whiting, R AF Kozempel, M Scullen, OJ Cook, R Whiting, R TI Preliminary investigation using a batch flow process to determine bacteria destruction by microwave energy at low temperature SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE microwave; pasteurization; Pediococcus; nonthermal effects; Apple juice ID INACTIVATION AB This paper reports on a batch flow process to substantially reduce bacteria in which microwave energy is instantly and simultaneously applied to the system and removed by a cooling tube within the process line in the microwave. A logarithmic cycle reduction of 3 (3 log Kills) was realized for Pediococcus sp. in water, 100 g/L sugar solutions and brine solution, and 2 log reductions in cells in apple juice. The temperature of the process fluid was maintained at a nominal 35 degrees C or less for a total microwave exposure time of less than 9 min. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Kozempel, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1997 VL 30 IS 7 BP 691 EP 696 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YE521 UT WOS:A1997YE52100009 ER PT J AU Neff, WE Mounts, TL Rinsch, WM AF Neff, WE Mounts, TL Rinsch, WM TI Oxidative stability as affected by triacylglycerol composition and structure of purified canola oil triacylglycerols from genetically modified normal and high stearic and lauric acid canola varieties SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE transgenic canola varieties; fatty acids; oxidative stability; triacylglycerol ID CORN BREEDING MATERIALS; SOYBEAN OILS AB Impact of fatty acid, triacylglycerol fatty acid location and triacylglycerol composition on canola oil oxidative stability was determined using oils from genetically modified (transgenic) canola varieties. Some of the canola varieties had oils with a high content of saturated fatty acids such as stearic and lauric. The purified oils were oxidized neat under static oxygen headspace under fluorescent light at 25 degrees C, and in the dark at 60 degrees C. These accelerated oxidative stability tests permitted investigation of canola oil deterioration at oxidation levels pertinent to oil storage conditions. Canola oil oxidation was monitored by rate of peroxide value change, and formation of triacylglycerol hydroperoxides and triacylglycerol hydroperoxide volatiles. Oxidation results indicated that canola oils of improved oxidative stability compared to normal canola oil resulted from three types of oil modification: (a) modification of fatty acid composition accomplished by decrease of readily oxidizable fatty acids such as linolenic and linoleic, and an increase of oxidation resistant fatty acids such as oleic plus an increase in saturated fatty acids such as stearic and lauric; (b) triacylglycerol structure modification accomplished by an increase in oleic and decrease in linoleic at the glycerol moiety carbon 2; and (c) compositional modification by a decrease in linolenic-and linoleic-containing triacylglycerols and an increase in triacylglycerols with stearic and lauric acids in combination with oleic acid. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Neff, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1997 VL 30 IS 8 BP 793 EP 799 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YN010 UT WOS:000071124000004 ER PT J AU Patterson, DW Anderson, RB Rockwell, HE AF Patterson, DW Anderson, RB Rockwell, HE TI Increased use of automated machinery requires changes in quality control procedures SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The use of automated or Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machines is becoming more commonplace in the manufacturing sequence of many furniture and cabinet firms. In this paper, we explore the relationship between the use of CNC machinery and the need for adequate quality in manufacturing furniture and cabinets. A survey of furniture and cabinet manufacturers was conducted to determine the current use of CNC machinery in the furniture and cabinet industries. Results indicate that these industries will continue to see growth in the adoption of CNC equipment and that companies have an interest in seeing CNC equipment developed that has built-in statistical process control capabilities. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PRINCETON,WV 24740. W VIRGINIA UNIV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP Patterson, DW (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,POB 3468,MONTICELLO,AR 71656, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WE710 UT WOS:A1997WE71000013 ER PT J AU Winistorfer, SG Steudel, HJ AF Winistorfer, SG Steudel, HJ TI ISO 9000: Issues for the structural composite lumber industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The expanding global economy and formation of large international trading blocks have combined to drive worldwide acceptance of ISO 9000, the international standard dealing with quality system requirements that can be used for external quality assurance purposes. Although obtaining registration under ISO 9000 has become a market requirement in many industries, it is not yet so in the wood products industry, and more specifically for manufacturers of structural composite lumber (SCL). Manufacturers of SCL have increased their market share through a strategy that differentiates their products and services from commodity solid-sawn lumber. These strategies include the marketing of products with brand names, providing design services and installation guidelines, and providing after-sales support. ISO 9000 consists of three quality assurance standards. ISO 9003 only applies to companies that provide final inspection and testing services. ISO 9002 includes quality components for production, servicing, and installation. Several North American commodity wood products manufacturers are already registered to this standard. ISO 9001 includes product design and development. Maintaining differentiation from commodity lumber products would require that SCL companies seek registration under ISO 9001. This paper addresses the implications for SCL companies in obtaining registration to one of the three standards in the ISO 9000 series and discusses the advantages, limitations, and costs of such a strategic endeavor. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT IND ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Winistorfer, SG (reprint author), CHAMP INT CORP,7785 BAYMEADOWS WAY,SUITE 302,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32256, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WE710 UT WOS:A1997WE71000015 ER PT J AU Ethington, RL Gupta, R Green, DW AF Ethington, RL Gupta, R Green, DW TI Visual stress grades of dahurian larch lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Allowable properties for dahurian larch (Larix dahurica) lumber from the Russian Far East were estimated. Although sample limitations prevented exact adherence to current U.S. standards, analyses were made in the spirit of a protocol accepted by the Board of Review of the American Lumber Standard Committee. For the four structural light framing grades contained in the National Grading Rule, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending allowable properties of dahurian larch were higher than that of Douglas Fir-Larch, compression parallel to grain and shear were about the same as that of Spruce-Pine-Fir South, and tension and compression perpendicular to grain were more like Hem-Fir. Because of the sampling limitations, a more conservative analysis was then performed. By this analysis, MOE of dahurian larch was still somewhat higher than that of Douglas Fir-Larch, but bending, tensile, and compressive allowable properties were more similar to those of Spruce-Pine-Fir South. We suspect that a more complete evaluation would yield results intermediate to those of these two analyses, showing that the properties of dahurian larch are not very different from those of Douglas Fir-Larch. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Ethington, RL (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WE710 UT WOS:A1997WE71000021 ER PT J AU Soltis, LA Rammer, DR AF Soltis, LA Rammer, DR TI Bending to shear ratio approach for beam design SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Current design criteria for timber beams are often governed by calculating shear strength rather than bending strength. However, bending is often observed as the controlling factor in real structures and experimental studies. This report describes a design procedure based on predicting whether bending or shear will control the design and designing the member for that consideration. The prediction is based on comparing the ratio of maximum bending and shear stresses to experimentally determined bending and shear strengths. Stresses are based on load and support conditions and span/depth ratios. A lower limit bending-to-shear stress ratio of 10 is recommended for design on the basis of a lower bound fit to experimental strength values. For this stress ratio, typical designs for most load and support conditions will result in bending-controlled designs that do not require shear calculations. Shear will control the design for a simply supported span with a concentrated load near one support or for a span with a short overhang having a concentrated or uniform load. This approach is limited to unsplit and unnotched beams. Design considerations for notched beams and shear at connections are outside the scope of this report. RP Soltis, LA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 104 EP 108 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WE710 UT WOS:A1997WE71000024 ER PT B AU Groom, L Pesacreta, T AF Groom, L Pesacreta, T GP FPS FPS TI Atomic force microscopy of wood fiber surfaces SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOODFIBER-PLASTIC COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL MADISON, WI SP USDA Forest Serv, Univ Wisconsin, Univ Toronto, Amer Plast Council, Amer Chem Soc, Forest Prod Soc AB Wood fibers encased within a plastic matrix should, in theory, act as finite reinforcing rods that add to the structural performance of the overall composite, with the plastic acting as a stress transfer agent among these reinforcing rods. In practice, there usually exists poor stress transfer among wood fibers in these polymeric composites due primarily to the incompatibility of the two substances. One of the prime factors that determines fiber-plastic interactions is the morphology of the wood fiber surface. The objective of this paper is to qualitatively assess the surface morphology of various fiber types with an atomic force microscope. Fibers presented in this paper are primarily wood-based and generated from traditional pulp-liberation schemes (e.g., chemical, refined, steam exploded, recycled), but also include other forms of lignocellulosic fibers (e.g., cotton). Quantitative information was also acquired to compare surface roughness and surface area data from various fiber types. This paper also includes additional capabilities and limitations of the atomic force microscope as they relate to the study of wood fiber-reinforced composites. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Groom, L (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-935018-95-6 PY 1997 BP 26 EP 31 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN44Q UT WOS:000081939800004 ER PT B AU Rials, TG Wolcott, MP AF Rials, TG Wolcott, MP GP FPS FPS TI Viewing wood-plastic composites as interpenetrating networks SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOODFIBER-PLASTIC COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL MADISON, WI SP USDA Forest Serv, Univ Wisconsin, Univ Toronto, Amer Plast Council, Amer Chem Soc, Forest Prod Soc AB The recent attention devoted to woodfiber-thermo-plastic polymer composites has provided clear evidence of the important role that interfacial development plays in determining material properties. It has also forced the question of interfacial structure to be reconsidered for wood composites, in general. Recent investigations into the use of wood fibers as a reactive filler in polyurethanes have provided some new insights into possible interfacial morphologies that translate to favorable material properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis of these composites revealed a clear glass transition, TH, for the pure synthetic polyurethane phase at subambient: temperatures, and a broad shoulder at higher temperatures. This behavior is analogous to that demonstrated by a wholly synthetic interpenetrating network where the two network components are incompatible and formed sequentially. Similar concepts may be extended to wood-plastic composites that incorporate small amounts of thermosetting polymers into the formulation. A substantial effort addressing the morphology and properties of these wood-thermoplastic interpenetrating networks is underway. Preliminary information on the relationship of component variables, including polystyrene melt index and thermoset resin type, to the development of supermolecular structure in the interface will be discussed in this paper. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Rials, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-935018-95-6 PY 1997 BP 104 EP 110 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN44Q UT WOS:000081939800015 ER PT B AU Stark, NM Berger, MJ AF Stark, NM Berger, MJ GP FPS FPS TI Effect of particle size on properties of wood-flour reinforced polypropylene composites SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOODFIBER-PLASTIC COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL MADISON, WI SP USDA Forest Serv, Univ Wisconsin, Univ Toronto, Amer Plast Council, Amer Chem Soc, Forest Prod Soc AB Research on wood flour-filled propylene has primarily focused on one species of wood flour and one or two broad particle-size distributions. The effects of species and particle size need to be examined to fully exploit the use of wood flour as a filler. Our study focused on the effects of particle size on the properties of polypropylene filled with 40 percent (by weight) wood flour. Eight wood flours were investigated: four screened wood flours with discrete, narrow particle-size distributions and four commercially available wood flours. Particle size did not affect specific gravity but it did affect other properties. Melt flow index, heat deflection temperature, and notched impact energy increased with increasing particle size, whereas unnotched impact energy decreased. Mold shrinkage decreased for particles smaller than about 0.25 mm. Flexural and tensile modulus and strength increased with increasing particle size. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Stark, NM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-935018-95-6 PY 1997 BP 134 EP 143 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN44Q UT WOS:000081939800022 ER PT B AU O'Dell, JL AF O'Dell, JL GP FPS FPS TI Natural fibers in resin transfer molded composites SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOODFIBER-PLASTIC COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL MADISON, WI SP USDA Forest Serv, Univ Wisconsin, Univ Toronto, Amer Plast Council, Amer Chem Soc, Forest Prod Soc ID REINFORCED POLYESTER; IMPACT PROPERTIES AB Jute fiber nonwoven mats were used to reinforce resin transfer molded unsaturated polyester-styrene panels. Resin flow through the mat was similar to flow through a random glass mat. Tensile strength, and tensile and flexural modulus (ASTM 638, 790) for unmodified jute samples were half that of samples made with a commercial glass mat. Izod impact (ASTM D 256) and flexural strength were an order of magnitude lower than glass-reinforced specimens. Samples exposed in a Weatherometer for 1,200 hours showed minimal surface erosion or color change. Specimens showed negligible weight loss when exposed to wood degrading fungi (ASTM D 1413). Jute fiber pull-out from the matrix was seen in scanning electron micrographs, which indicates that improving adhesion at the fiber-polymer interface may increase mechanical properties. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP O'Dell, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-935018-95-6 PY 1997 BP 280 EP 285 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN44Q UT WOS:000081939800044 ER PT B AU Clemons, CM Giacomin, AJ Caulfield, DF AF Clemons, CM Giacomin, AJ Caulfield, DF GP FPS FPS TI Microstructure and dynamic fracture toughness of polypropylene reinforced with cellulose fiber SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOODFIBER-PLASTIC COMPOSITES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL MADISON, WI SP USDA Forest Serv, Univ Wisconsin, Univ Toronto, Amer Plast Council, Amer Chem Soc, Forest Prod Soc C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-935018-95-6 PY 1997 BP 296 EP 296 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN44Q UT WOS:000081939800049 ER PT B AU Jacobson, RE Sanadi, AR Caulfield, DF Rowell, RM AF Jacobson, RE Sanadi, AR Caulfield, DF Rowell, RM GP FPS FPS TI Overview of research and development efforts in the field of lignocellulose as fillers and reinforcing fibers in polymer composites SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOODFIBER-PLASTIC COMPOSITES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL MADISON, WI SP USDA Forest Serv, Univ Wisconsin, Univ Toronto, Amer Plast Council, Amer Chem Soc, Forest Prod Soc C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-935018-95-6 PY 1997 BP 298 EP 298 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN44Q UT WOS:000081939800051 ER PT B AU Stark, NM Clemons, CM AF Stark, NM Clemons, CM GP FPS FPS TI USDA Forest Products Laboratory performance-designed composites SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOODFIBER-PLASTIC COMPOSITES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL MADISON, WI SP USDA Forest Serv, Univ Wisconsin, Univ Toronto, Amer Plast Council, Amer Chem Soc, Forest Prod Soc C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-935018-95-6 PY 1997 BP 302 EP 302 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN44Q UT WOS:000081939800055 ER PT B AU English, B Clemons, CM Stark, N Schneider, JP AF English, B Clemons, CM Stark, N Schneider, JP GP FPS FPS TI Wastewood-derived fillers for plastics SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOODFIBER-PLASTIC COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL MADISON, WI SP USDA Forest Serv, Univ Wisconsin, Univ Toronto, Amer Plast Council, Amer Chem Soc, Forest Prod Soc AB Filled thermoplastic composites are stiffer, stronger, and more dimensionally stable than their unfilled counterparts. Such thermoplastics are usually provided to the end-user as a precompounded, pelletized feedstock. Typical reinforcing fillers are inorganic materials like talc or fiberglass, but materials derived from wastewood, such as wood flour and recycled paper fiber, are also effective as fillers. The goal of this project was to generate commercial interest in using wastewood/paper-derived fillers (WPFs) to reinforce thermoplastics. The research strategy was two-fold: developmental research and outreach. Specific objectives were to: improve wastepaper fiber preparation, feeding, and compounding methods, and optimize composite performance; and communicate to end-product manufacturers the advantages of WPF thermoplastics. The research was led and supported by the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), with input from a consortium of 15 fiber suppliers and plastics manufacturers. Additional funding was provided by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Equipment was leased and installed at the FPL. Eight general-purpose formulations were developed including extrusion- and injection-molding grades of both polyethylene and polypropylene reinforced with WPFs. An information packet containing performance data, appropriate processing conditions, sample pellets, sample parts, and a questionnaire was sent to nearly 500 commercial plastics manufacturers in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Michigan. In response to requests for in-house trials, FPL researchers conducted nearly 18 site visits. The researchers ensured proper handling of the material, provided consultation, and gathered information about processing and performance. The trials went very well, and parts were successfully manufactured at all facilities. Products included automobile trim components and housings, vacuum cleaner parts, paint brush handles, bicycle parts, cosmetic cases, and other household items. Great interest has been shown in the use of WPF thermoplastics; one consortium member is establishing a dr-million kg/yr. (9-million lb./yr.) facility. Total market demand is conservatively expected to exceed 45-million kg/yr. (100-million lb./yr.). C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP English, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-935018-95-6 PY 1997 BP 309 EP 324 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN44Q UT WOS:000081939800060 ER PT J AU ShukittHale, B Denisova, NA Strain, JG Joseph, JA AF ShukittHale, B Denisova, NA Strain, JG Joseph, JA TI Psychomotor effects of dopamine infusion under decreased glutathione conditions SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE glutathione; buthionine sulfoximine; dopamine; oxidative stress; performance; motor behavior; aging; free radicals ID L-BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; BRAIN GLUTATHIONE; FREE-RADICALS; RAT STRIATUM; AGING MOUSE; REDUCTION; DEPLETION; ACID; OXIDATION; INHIBITOR AB Administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) selectively inhibits glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, thereby inducing a GSH deficiency. Because GSH plays a critical role in intracellular antioxidant defense, decreased GSH levels in the brain may result in less oxidative stress (OS) protection. Thus, the pro-oxidant effects of dopamine (DA), which rapidly oxidizes to Corm reactive oxygen species, may increase, In this study, the behavioral consequences of reduced OS protection were examined by administering BSO (3.2 mg in 30 mu l Ringer's solution, intracerebroventricularly) every other day for 12 d to male Fischer 344 rats, In addition, DA (15 mu l of 500 mu M) was administered every day; when given on the same day as BSO, it was either 1 h after BSO (BSO + DA group) or 1 h before BSO (DA + BSO group). Tests of psychomotor behavior-rod walking, wire suspension, and plank walking-were performed five times during the experiment. BSO + DA administration, but not DA + BSO, impaired performance by decreasing latency to fall in the rod and plank walk tests compared to a vehicle only (Ringer's) group. Therefore, depletion of GSH with BSO, followed by DA treatment, produced deficits in psychomotor behavior. These deficits are similar to those seen in aged rats? suggesting that the oxidation of DA coupled with a reduced capacity to respond to OS may be responsible for the induction of age-related motor behavioral deficits. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. RP ShukittHale, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA ARS,711 WASHINGTON ST,RM 919,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1997 VL 23 IS 3 BP 412 EP 418 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00094-4 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XG674 UT WOS:A1997XG67400008 PM 9214577 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA VillalobosMolinas, R Denisova, NA Erat, S Strain, J AF Joseph, JA VillalobosMolinas, R Denisova, NA Erat, S Strain, J TI Cholesterol: A two-edged sword in brain aging SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; striatum; aging; antioxidant; dopamine release; free radical ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY; BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MEMBRANE ANTIOXIDANT; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FREE-RADICALS AB Previous research from several laboratories has indicated that cholesterol (CHO) accumulates in neuronal membranes and alters their structural and signal transduction (ST) properties during aging. The possible reasons for these increases in membrane CHO have not been specified, However, present findings suggest that such accumulation may actually serve to protect neuronal tissue from oxidative damage, Striatal slices (6, 24 month rats) were preincubated in 1 mM CHO (30 min) followed by incubation with H2O2 (10 mu M, 30 min). The slices were then either superfused with 30 mM KCI in the presence or absence of 500 mu M oxotremorine (Ox), and K+-evoked dopamine release (K+-ERDA) examined or assessed for carbachol-stimulated low K-m GTPase activity, The results indicated that CHO incubation prior to H2O2 in either age group was effective in preventing H2O2 reductions in both non-Ox-enhanced K+-ERDA and Ox conditions, as well as sodium nitroprusside (SNP 150 mu M)-induced decreases in K+-ERDA. In addition, H2O2-induced deficits in carbachol-stimulated low K-m GTPase activity were reduced in the striatal tissue from the old animals pretreated with CHO. However, if the slices were incubated in H2O2 prior to CHO exposure, CHO enhanced the H2O2 effects in the tissue from the old animals. Thus, depending upon the order of exposure, CHO functioned to enhance or retard the effects of oxidative stress, in an age-dependent manner. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 CINVESTAV IPN,IPN,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,MEXICO CITY 14000,DF,MEXICO. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA ARS,ROOM 919,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 56 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(96)00376-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA VZ991 UT WOS:A1997VZ99100009 PM 8981037 ER PT J AU Cao, GH Sofic, E Prior, RL AF Cao, GH Sofic, E Prior, RL TI Antioxidant and prooxidant behavior of flavonoids: Structure-activity relationships SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE flavonoid; isoflavone; flavanone; flavone; antioxidant; prooxidant; free radicals ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; MITOCHONDRIAL NADH-OXIDASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; NUCLEAR-DNA DAMAGE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; VITAMIN-E; INHIBITION AB The antioxidant and prooxidant behavior of flavonoids and the related activity-structure relationships were investigated in this study using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay. Three different reactive species were used in the assay: 2,2'-azobis(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride, a peroxyl radical generator; Cu2+-H2O2, mainly a hydroxyl radical generator; and Cu2+, a transition metal. Flavonoids including flavones, isoflavones, and flavanones acted as antioxidants against peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and served as prooxidants in the presence of Cu2+. Both the antioxidant and the copper-initiated prooxidant activities of a flavonoid depend upon the number of hydroxyl substitutions in its backbone structure, which has neither antioxidant nor prooxidant action. In general, the more hydroxyl substitutions, the stronger the antioxidant and prooxidant activities. The flavonoids that contain multiple hydroxyl substitutions showed antiperoxyl radical activities several times stronger than Trolox, an alpha-tocopherol analogue. The single hydroxyl substitution at position 5 provides no activity, whereas the di-OH substitution at 3' and 4' is particularly important to the peroxyl radical absorbing activity of a flavonoid. The conjugation between rings A and B does not affect the antioxidant activity but is very important for the copper-initiated prooxidant action of a flavonoid. The O-methylation of the hydroxyl substitutions inactivates both the antioxidant and the prooxidant activities of the flavonoids. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ARS,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. NR 62 TC 1405 Z9 1495 U1 12 U2 166 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1997 VL 22 IS 5 BP 749 EP 760 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(96)00351-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WD842 UT WOS:A1997WD84200001 PM 9119242 ER PT J AU Sukalski, KA LaBerge, TP Johnson, WT AF Sukalski, KA LaBerge, TP Johnson, WT TI In vivo oxidative modification of erythrocyte membrane proteins in copper deficiency SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; erythrocyte membrane; protein carbonyl; free radicals; copper; zinc superoxide dismutase ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RAT ERYTHROCYTES; DIETARY COPPER; GROWING-RAT; VITAMIN-E; AUTOXIDATION; TISSUES; ZINC AB Oxidative stress has been postulated to contribute to the pathology associated with dietary copper deficiency. In vivo, erythrocytes are probable targets of oxidative damage because they are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen and contain heme iron that can autoxidize, which results in the formation of superoxide anions. Activity of the important antioxidant enzyme, copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, decreases markedly in erythrocytes during copper deficiency. The effect of dietary copper deficiency on indicators of oxidative stress was examined in erythrocyte membranes of rats maintained on a purified copper-deficient diet for 35 days after weaning, Erythrocytes were separated into young and old populations on a Percoll gradient prior to membrane isolation and quantification of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls. Protein carbonyls, determined by Western blot immunoassay, were detected predominantly in both the alpha and beta chains of spectrin. Alpha and beta subunits of spectrin in erythrocyte membranes from copper-deficient rats contained higher amounts of carbonyls than controls, regardless of the population of erythrocytes studied. This study suggests that spectrin may be a specific target for oxidative damage when erythrocyte copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity is reduced by copper deficiency. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP Sukalski, KA (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 54 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1997 VL 22 IS 5 BP 835 EP 842 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(96)00430-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WD842 UT WOS:A1997WD84200011 PM 9119252 ER PT J AU Phillippy, BQ Graf, E AF Phillippy, BQ Graf, E TI Antioxidant functions of inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate and inositol 1,2,3,6-tetrakisphosphate SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE inositol phosphates; antioxidants; iron; phytase; phosphatase; free radicals ID HYDROXYL RADICAL FORMATION; PHYTIC ACID; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; IN-VITRO; PHOSPHATES; PHYTASE; IRON; PURIFICATION; BINDING; RAT AB Iron chelates of inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate and inositol 1,2,3,6-tetrakisphosphate lacked free coordination sites and prevented the iron-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbic acid and peroxidation of arachidonic acid. In contrast, iron chelates of inositol 1,2,6-trisphosphate and inositol 1,2,5,6-tetrakisphosphate contained available coordination sites, permitted iron-catalyzed ascorbic acid oxidation, and enhanced arachidonic acid peroxidation. It was concluded that the 1,2,3-trisphosphate grouping of inositol hexakisphosphate was responsible for the inhibition of iron-catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation. The structure of the chelate with the phosphates in an axial-equatorial-axial configuration appeared to be the only possible inositol trisphosphate that could form bonds between six oxygen atoms and the six coordination sites on iron. K-m values for cleavage by Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase were as follows: inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate, 56 mu M; inositol 1,2,6-trisphosphate 35 mu M; inositol 1,2,3,6-tetrakisphosphate, 139 mu M; and inositol 1,2,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, 100 mu M. The initial hydrolysis rates of 200 mu M solutions of the latter three isomers by E. coli alkaline phosphatase were not affected by an equimolar concentration of iron, whereas the rate for inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate decreased in the presence of iron to 50% of the control. Therefore, the antioxidant potential of inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate and inositol 1,2,3,6-tetrakisphosphate in cells and other biological systems may be fortified by the resistance of their iron chelates to enzymatic hydrolysis of the functional 1,2,3-trisphosphate array. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 FLAVOR FRONTIER,RATHDRUM,ID 83858. RP Phillippy, BQ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 53 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1997 VL 22 IS 6 BP 939 EP 946 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(96)00342-5 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WG659 UT WOS:A1997WG65900001 PM 9034232 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Evans, RG AF Drake, SR Evans, RG TI Irrigation management influence on fruit quality and storage life of 'Redspur' and 'Golden Delicious' apples SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REGIMES; GROWTH AB During three crop seasons 'Redspur Delicious' apps (Malus domestica, Borkh) from furrow irrigated plots had more red color and lower soluble solids content (SSC) than trickle irrigated apples. 'Golden Delicious' from furrow irrigated plots were larger, softer and had lower SSC than apples from trickle irrigated plots. No carbohydrate or mineral differences were evident for 'Redspur' or 'Golden Delicious' from furrow or trickle irrigation treatments. No other fruit quality differences were apparent between trickle or deficit-trickle irrigation treatments. Fruit quality losses occurred with both cultivars during storage, but losses were not related to irrigation type. Good quality fruit was produced with all irrigation procedures, even under limited water. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 51 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WJ740 UT WOS:A1997WJ74000002 ER PT J AU VanderZwet, T Brown, EW Estabrook, P AF VanderZwet, T Brown, EW Estabrook, P TI Effect of periodical cicada injury and degree of fire blight severity on Asian pear cultivars SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Sixteen Asian pear cultivars grown at Virginia Gold Orchard near Natural Bridge, VA were evaluated for shoot damage from the seventeen-year cicada (Magicicada septemdecim L.), followed by fire blight infection by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora [(Burr.) Winsl. et al.]. The Japanese pear cultivars, 'Yoi nashi' and 'Ichiban nashi': proved to be the most susceptible; whereas two Korean types, 'Ar-rirang 1' and 'Korean Giant', were most resistant. Two Japanese cultivars, 'Shinko' and 'Singo': proved to have intermediate resistance. All cultivars exhibited some degree of cicada damage and 68% showed a strong correlation between cicada injury and fire blight severity. Those with the softest woody branches were attacked and injured most severely. RP VanderZwet, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 51 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WJ740 UT WOS:A1997WJ74000006 ER PT S AU Saha, BC Bothast, RJ AF Saha, BC Bothast, RJ BE Saha, BC Woodward, J TI Enzymes in lignocellulosic biomass conversion SO FUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Biotechnol Secretariat, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS; BACTERIAL CELLULASES; XYLOSE FERMENTATION; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; MEMBRANE REACTOR; DEGRADATION; LIGNIN AB Advances in enzymes and lignocellulosic biomass processing are necessary to lower the cost of fuels and chemicals production from biomass. Recent developments in lignocellulosic biomass conversion enzymology and process technology are reviewed. Current problems of these multi-enzymes based complex processes, economic assessment, regulatory issues, strategies for development of improved enzymes and processes, and directions of future research are discussed. Results of our endeavor to develop novel enzymes for biomass conversion are presented. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3508-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 666 BP 46 EP 56 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH84J UT WOS:A1997BH84J00002 ER PT S AU Knothe, G Dunn, RO Bagby, MO AF Knothe, G Dunn, RO Bagby, MO BE Saha, BC Woodward, J TI Biodiesel: The use of vegetable oils and their derivatives as alternative diesel fuels SO FUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Biotechnol Secretariat, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; METHYL-ESTERS; TRANS-ESTERIFICATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOYBEAN OIL; RAPESEED OIL; SEED OIL; PRESSURIZED REACTOR; QUALITY-CONTROL AB Vegetable oils and their derivatives (especially methyl esters), commonly referred to as ''biodiesel,'' are prominent candidates as alternative diesel fuels. They have advanced from being purely experimental fuels to initial stages of commercialization. They are technically competitive with or offer technical advantages compared to conventional diesel fuel. Besides being a renewable and domestic resource, biodiesel reduces most emissions while engine performance and fuel economy are nearly identical compared to conventional fuels. Several problems, however, remain, which include economics, combustion, some emissions, lube oil contamination, and low-temperature properties. An overview on all aspects of biodiesel is presented. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 183 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3508-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 666 BP 172 EP 208 DI 10.1021/bk-1997-0666.ch010 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH84J UT WOS:A1997BH84J00010 ER PT S AU Saha, BC Bothast, RJ AF Saha, BC Bothast, RJ BE Saha, BC Woodward, J TI Microbial production of xylitol SO FUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Biotechnol Secretariat, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol ID RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; D-XYLOSE; CANDIDA-GUILLIERMONDII; HEMICELLULOSE HYDROLYSATE; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; FERMENTING YEASTS; NITROGEN-SOURCES; ETHANOL; OXYGEN; CONVERSION AB Xylitol, a five-carbon polyalcohol, has attracted much attention because of its potential use as a natural food sweetener, as a dental caries reducer and as a sugar substitute in diets for diabetics. Currently, it is produced. chemically by catalytic reduction of xylose. Various microorganisms can convert xylose to xylitol. The present review describes microbial production of xylitol from xylose and xylose rich hemicellulose fractions present in various lignocellulosic biomass. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3508-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 666 BP 307 EP 319 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH84J UT WOS:A1997BH84J00017 ER PT S AU Yates, SR Gan, JY Ernst, FF Wang, D Yates, MV AF Yates, SR Gan, JY Ernst, FF Wang, D Yates, MV BE Seiber, JN Woodrow, JE Yates, MV Knuteson, JA Wolfe, NL Yates, SR TI Emissions of methyl bromide from agricultural fields: Rate estimates and methods of reduction SO FUMIGANTS: ENVIRONMENTAL FATE, EXPOSURE, AND ANALYSIS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fumigants, at the 210th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society CY AUG 20-25, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP ACS, Div Agrochemicals ID GASEOUS MASS-TRANSFER; SOIL FUMIGATION; ATMOSPHERE; VOLATILIZATION; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; CHARCOAL; CH3BR AB Methyl bromide, a soil fumigant, is under intense scrutiny due to evidence which suggests that it damages the stratospheric ozone layer. Because of this, methyl bromide is scheduled for phase-out by 2001. The National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program has determined that there will be substantial adverse economic impacts on the agricultural community if the use of methyl bromide is restricted. This has prompted numerous scientists to: study the environmental fate and transport of methyl bromide; search for replacement chemicals and/or nonchemical alternatives;, and develop new methodology which improves containment of methyl bromide (or any alternative fumigant) to the treatment zone, while maintaining adequate pest control. This paper reports on several recent experiments to measure of methyl bromide emissions from agricultural operations. Information is also provided on the processes and mechanisms which must be fully understood if reliable methods for reducing atmospheric emissions are to be obtained, without a reduction in pest control. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PHYS & PESTICIDE RES UNIT,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3475-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1997 VL 652 BP 116 EP 134 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BG89Z UT WOS:A1997BG89Z00011 ER PT J AU Poinar, GO Dowd, P AF Poinar, GO Dowd, P TI Psammomermis nitidulensis n. sp. (Nematoda:Mermithidae) from sap beetles (Coleoptera:Nitidulidae) with biological observations and a key to the species of Psammomermis SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carpophilus; dusky sap beetle; Nitidulidae; Psammomermis; nematodes AB Psammomermis nitidulensis n. sp. (Nematoda : Mermithidae) is described from three species of sap beetles, Carpophilus bugubris Murray, C. antiquus Melsh and Colopterus truncatus (Randall) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Mason County, IL, USA. This mermithid differs from previously described members of the genus by the shape of the amphids and their association with the amphidial glands, the length, form and curvature of the spicules and the shape of the vagina vera and vagina uterina. A key to the species of Psammomatous is provided and the generic diagnosis is emended. This mermithid causes up to 80 % parasitism and death of the dusky sap beetle (C. lugubris), an important vector of mycotoxigenic fungi. Investigations are under way to determine the possibility of utilizing this mermithid for biological control of this insect pest. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Poinar, GO (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5571 J9 FUND APPL NEMATOL JI Fundam. Appl. Nematol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA WZ759 UT WOS:A1997WZ75900001 ER PT J AU Zhao, F Mayura, K Kocurek, N Edwards, JF Kubena, LF Safe, SH Phillips, TD AF Zhao, F Mayura, K Kocurek, N Edwards, JF Kubena, LF Safe, SH Phillips, TD TI Inhibition of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl-induced chicken embryotoxicity by 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; CHLORINATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; AH RECEPTOR; HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL ISOMERS; TOXICOKINETIC INTERACTIONS; TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT; DIBENZOFURANS PCDFS; C57BL/6J MOUSE; DIOXINS PCDDS AB 3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (pentaCB) caused a dose-dependent induction of chicken embryolethality, malformations, edema, and liver lesions at doses ranging from 0.5 to 12.0 mu g/kg. In contrast, no embryotoxicity was observed after treatment with 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB. In eggs cotreated with 2.0 mu g/kg, 3,3',4,4',5-pentaCB plus 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB, there was significant protection from 3,3',4,4',5-pentaCB-induced embryo malformations, edema, and liver lesions, whereas no inhibition of embryolethality was observed. These results further extend the response-specific nonadditive interactions of binary mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and should be considered in the development of approaches for hazard assessment of PCB mixtures and related compounds. (C) 1997 Society of Toxicology. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42-ES04917] NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1006/faat.1996.2251 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA WE862 UT WOS:A1997WE86200001 PM 9024668 ER PT J AU VasilatosYounken, R Dunnington, EA Siegel, PB McMurtry, JP AF VasilatosYounken, R Dunnington, EA Siegel, PB McMurtry, JP TI Tissue-specific alterations in insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine supplementation in the growth hormone receptor-deficient sex-linked dwarf chicken SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; THYROID-HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; BROILER-CHICKENS; RAT HEPATOCYTES; RNA EXPRESSION AB Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mediates many of the effects of growth hormone (GH). The regulation of IGF-I, independent of GH, is methodologically difficult to assess in vivo, as hypophysectomy results in derangement of many pituitary hormone axes in addition to GH, and a gene knockout model is not available. The recessive sex-linked dwarfing (SLD) gene (dw) in chickens results in a lack of functional target tissue GH receptors due to a variety of molecular defects, which provides a unique model for evaluating GH-independent regulation of IGF-I. In the present study, the impact of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T-3) on circulating and tissue IGF-I was determined in normal versus SLD birds. Adult, nonovulatory female normal and SLD chickens were restrict-fed 40 g of feed/kg bw/day containing 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm T-3, resulting in supplementation levels of 0 (control), 20 (low dose), or 40 (high dose) mu g T-3/kg bw/day for 10 days. Samples of GH target tissues including liver, abdominal fat pad, skeletal muscle (pectoralis major), and spleen were extracted and assayed for IGF-I. Plasma T-3, T-4, GH, and IGF-I were determined by homologous RIA. Tissue GH binding was determined for hepatic membranes by radioreceptor assay. Under control conditions, dwarf chickens were markedly hypersomatotropic (33.3 +/- 4.1 ng GH/ml plasma; mean +/- SEM) compared to normals (2.4 +/- 3.9 ng/ml, and T-3 supplementation reduced this to normal levels. Despite the high circulating level of GH in dwarfs, plasma IGF-I was low compared to normal controls (dwarfs 1.5 +/- .9 ng/ml; normals 5.3 +/- .9 ng/ml; P = 0.004), but this difference was eliminated with low-dose T-3. In this study, tissue IGF-I was undetectable in liver and pectoralis muscle in adults (55 weeks of age) of both genotypes, under all treatments. In contrast, adipose tissue IGF-I was relatively high and did not differ (P = 0.84) between genotypes under control conditions (normals 776.5 +/- 236.7; dwarfs 844.6 +/- 236.7 pg/mg protein), but was increased in normals and decreased in dwarfs, resulting in higher levels (P = 0.02) in the normal (1249.9 +/- 200.0 pg/mg protein) at the higher level of T-3 supplementation. This relationship was somewhat reversed in spleen, where T-3 tended to decrease tissue IGF-I concentration in normals and increase it in dwarfs. The low level of plasma IGF-I despite nonmeasureable hepatic IGF-I tissue concentrations suggests that IGF-I synthesis by extrahepatic tissues contributes to the circulating pool of IGF-I. The relatively high control levels of adipose tissue IGF-I in the dwarf genotype further suggest that considerable IGF-I synthesis exists that is GH-independent in this extrahepatic tissue. The presence of GH action, however, may mediate the effects of other hormones that can influence local IGF-I production in this tissue, as reflected by the differential response to T-3 supplementation between genotypes. The tissue-specific nature of the effect of T-3 on IGF-I production supports an additional point of regulation of hormone action at the target tissue level. (C) 1997 Academic Press C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP VasilatosYounken, R (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,203 WILLIAM L HENNING BLDG,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 105 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1006/gcen.1996.6795 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WD300 UT WOS:A1997WD30000004 PM 9000465 ER PT J AU Dean, R Arnold, J AF Dean, R Arnold, J TI The effects of unidirectional incompatibility on cytonuclear disequilibria in a hybrid zone SO GENETICA LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; WOLBACHIA; DYNAMICS; ASSOCIATIONS; EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR; MODEL AB Unidirectional incompatibility selection is examined as an alternate mechanism of natural selection to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) for generating cytonuclear disequilibria. Differences in the dynamics and equilibrium behavior of cytonuclear disequilibria between these two cytonuclear selection models may allow for statistical tests of CMS vs, unidirectional incompatibility between mating cytotypes. Unlike CMS without migration, unidirectional incompatibility causes the cytoplasmic allele frequency to change over time rather than remain constant, and the nuclear allele frequencies hitchhike on the cytoplasmic frequencies. The decay of disequilibria is also distinctive in the absence of migration. Furthermore, in comparing both models with migration it is seen that the opportunity for internal equilibrium can be two or three times higher in a unidirectional incompatibility vs. CMS model. An example is presented that shows how unidirectional incompatibility can be statistically eliminated as a possible mechanism of cytonuclear selection. C1 USDA, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dean, R (reprint author), USDA, PGRCU, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 1997 VL 101 IS 3 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1023/A:1018368826538 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 101AP UT WOS:000074847700008 PM 9692230 ER PT J AU Heslop-Harrison, JS Brandes, A Taketa, S Schmidt, T Vershinin, AV Alkhimova, EG Kamm, A Doudrick, RL Schwarzacher, T Katsiotis, A Kubis, S Kumar, A Pearce, SR Flavell, AJ Harrison, GE AF Heslop-Harrison, JS Brandes, A Taketa, S Schmidt, T Vershinin, AV Alkhimova, EG Kamm, A Doudrick, RL Schwarzacher, T Katsiotis, A Kubis, S Kumar, A Pearce, SR Flavell, AJ Harrison, GE TI The chromosomal distributions of Ty1-copia group retrotransposable elements in higher plants and their implications for genome evolution SO GENETICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Evolution and Role of Transposable Elements CY SEP, 1996 CL YVETTE, FRANCE SP European Sci Fdn, Kluwer Acad Publ DE in situ hybridization; centromeres; retrotransposons; genome organization; evolution; sequence evolution; Arabidopsis; barley ID NUCLEAR-DNA AMOUNTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; REPETITIVE DNA; BRASSICA-NAPUS; OILSEED RAPE; SUGAR-BEET; SEQUENCES; LOCALIZATION; REGIONS; HETEROGENEITY AB Retrotransposons make up a major fraction-sometimes more than 40%-of all plant genomes investigated so far. We have isolated the reverse transcriptase domains of the Ty1-copia group elements from several species, ranging in genome size from some 100 Mbp to 23 000 Mbp, and determined the distribution patterns of these retrotransposons on metaphase chromosomes and within interphase nuclei by DNA:DNA in situ hybridization. With some exceptions, the reverse transcriptase domains were distributed over the length of the chromosomes. Exclusion from rDNA sites and some centromeres (e.g., slash pine, 23 000 Mbp, or barley, 5500 Mbp) is frequent, whereas many species exclude retrotransposons from other sites of heterochromatin (e.g., intercalary and centromeric sites in broad bean). In contrast, in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, widely used for plant molecular genetic studies because of its small genome (c. 100 Mbp), the Ty1-copia group reverse transcriptase gene domains are concentrated in the centromeric regions, collocalizing with the 180 bp satellite sequence pAL1. Unlike the pAL1 sequence, however, the Ty1-copia signal is also detectable as weaker, diffuse hybridization along the lengths of the chromosomes. Possible mechanisms for evolution of the contrasting distributions are discussed. Understanding the physical distribution of retrotransposons and comparisons of the distribution between species is critical to understanding their evolution and the significance for generation of the new patterns of variability and in speciation. C1 John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. Okayama Univ, Bioresources Res Inst, Kurashiki, Okayama 710, Japan. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Mol Biol, Cell Populat Genet Lab, Kiev, Ukraine. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet Harrison Expt Forest, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. De Montfort Univ, Norman Borlaug Inst, Leicester LE7 9SU, Leics, England. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. Univ Dundee, Inst Med Sci, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Heslop-Harrison, JS (reprint author), John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. RI Heslop-Harrison, JS/C-9207-2009; Vershinin, Alexander/O-9870-2015; OI Heslop-Harrison, JS/0000-0002-3105-2167; Alkhimova, Olena/0000-0003-3946-450X NR 47 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1023/A:1018337831039 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YP689 UT WOS:000071304100021 PM 9440273 ER PT J AU Sonstegard, TS deLeon, FAP Beattie, CW Kappes, SM AF Sonstegard, TS deLeon, FAP Beattie, CW Kappes, SM TI A chromosome-specific microdissected library increases marker density on bovine chromosome 1 SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; HUMAN GENOME; CATTLE; CLONES; REGION; LOCI AB Genetic resolution of bovine chromosome 1 (BTA1) linkage group was significantly increased by screening for microsatellite clones in a microdissected library constructed from a bovine cell line carrying a t(1;29) translocation. Eighty-five percent of the microsatellites (ms) (46/54) identified were informative in the USDA/MARC mapping population, and 96% of these ms (44/46) linked to BTA1 (LOD > 3.0). When merged with 40 existing BTA1 markers the genetic map spanned 153.8 cM (sex-averaged interval, 1.9 cM). The fourfold improvement in marker density of BTA1 provides a genetic map that enhances mapping of quantitative trait loci and implementation of marker assisted selection. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT VET & ANIM SCI,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 1054-9803 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1101/gr.7.1.76 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA WG092 UT WOS:A1997WG09200010 PM 9037605 ER PT J AU Godfrey, AE AF Godfrey, AE TI Mass movement of mangos shale crust near Caineville, Utah: A 30-year record. SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Rates of soil creep were studied periodically over a 30-year period in southeastern Utah on Mancos Shale badland slopes averaging 35 degrees. More intensive studies were carried out over a 10-year period on slopes averaging 40 degrees. On the 35 degree slope the average rate of movement was 2.71 cm yr(-1) On the 40 degree slopes, rates varied from 3.14 to 5.94 cm yr(-1). Individual rates of movement varied widely, but average movement of a given line was consistent. No statistical differences in rates of movement were found between north- and south-facing slopes. About two-thirds of the total movement occurred during the winter/spring period; episodes of rapid movement coincided with years in which storms deposited at least 0.6 cm of precipitation per day for at least two consecutive days. Downslope rotation of nails indicates that creep involves only the top few centimeters of soil. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Godfrey, AE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 324 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0435-3676 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PY 1997 VL 79A IS 3 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 209UQ UT WOS:000081067600004 ER PT J AU Fowler, CJ Cowburn, RF Joseph, JA AF Fowler, CJ Cowburn, RF Joseph, JA TI Alzheimer's, ageing and amyloid: An absurd allegory SO GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; signal transduction; beta-amyloid; oxidative stress ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY; FREE INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; BUTYL-ALPHA-PHENYLNITRONE; SPIN-TRAPPING COMPOUND; K-M GTPASE; PRECURSOR PROTEIN; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BETA-PEPTIDE AB Recent research into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has focused upon the proposed neurotoxic role played by the beta-amyloid peptide. Other important neurochemical disturbances, such as the dramatic breakdown of intracellular signalling, should however not be overlooked. In the present article, the authors attempt to investigate the relationship between signalling disturbances and beta-amyloid and ask the question 'which came first?' The available evidence is discussed, and it is concluded that the need for a wide, rather than restricted, focus on biochemical events associated with AD is required if progress is to be made in the understanding and eventual treatment of this disease. C1 HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP,KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT GERIATR MED,S-14186 HUDDINGE,SWEDEN. USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA. RP Fowler, CJ (reprint author), UMEA UNIV,DEPT PHARMACOL,S-90187 UMEA,SWEDEN. NR 96 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0304-324X J9 GERONTOLOGY JI Gerontology PD JAN-APR PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 132 EP 142 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WB463 UT WOS:A1997WB46300011 PM 8996835 ER PT J AU Trent, JD Blank, RR Young, JA AF Trent, JD Blank, RR Young, JA TI Ecophysiology of the temperate desert halophytes: Allenrolfea occidentalis and Sarcobatus vermiculatus SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE iodine bush; black greasewood; photosynthesis; conductance; transpiration; water potential; wafer-use efficiency; salt desert ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SALINITY; GROWTH AB Numerous basins of the intermountain area often have extensive playa surfaces that are nearly devoid of vegetation. Margins of these playas support sparse communities dominated by the chenopod shrubs Allenrolfea occidentalis (iodine bush) and Sarcobatus vermiculatus (black greasewood). These plants establish and persist in an environment where halomorphic soils induce extreme osmotic stress and atmospheric precipitation is very low and erratic and occurs largely during the winter when temperatures are too low for growth. We measured net CO2 assimilation rates, leaf conductances, transpiration rates, water-use efficiencies, and stem xylem potentials for these two C3 species. Data were collected in above-average (1991) and below-average (1992) precipitation years. Net CO2 assimilation rates for Allenrolfea were statistically similar in 1991 and 1992 but in general declined for Sarcobatus in 1992. For both species, leaf conductances and leaf transpiration rates declined significantly from 1991 to 1992, with the decline significantly greater for Sarcobatus. Water-use efficiencies doubled from 1991 to 1992 for both plant species. Predawn xylem water potentials were -2.2 and 3.3 MPa for Allenrolfea and -1.8 and -2.6 MPa for Sarcobatus beginning in May 1991 and 1992, respectively, and dropped to 3.8 and -4.2 MPa for Allenrolfea and -1.8 and -2.8 MPa for Sarcobatus by September 1991 and 1992, respectively. Afternoon xylem water potentials were 3.1 and -2.0 MPa for Allenrolfea and -2.6 and -2.2 MPa for Sarcobatus beginning in May 1991 and 1992, respectively. Xylem water potentials dropped to -5.0 MPa for Allenrolfea and -3.4 MPa for Sarcobatus by September of both 1991 and 1992. For Allenrolfea in general, the total soil water potential within the zone of maximum root activity is more negative than the plant's predawn xylem potential, which suggests that the plant is partially phreatophytic and/or has a large capacitance due to its extensive woody root system. C1 USDA ARS, CONSERVAT BIOL RANGELANDS UNIT, RENO, NV 89512 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WP487 UT WOS:A1997WP48700007 ER PT B AU Ayars, JE Soppe, RW Cone, D Wichelns, D AF Ayars, JE Soppe, RW Cone, D Wichelns, D BE Findikakis, AN Stauffer, F TI Managing salt load in irrigation district drainage water SO GROUNDWATER: AN ENDANGERED RESOURCE SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB An irrigation district on the westside of the San Joaquin Valley of California was used to demonstrate a method for selecting areas for improved irrigation and drainage water management. Improved management should result in reduced drainage water volumes and salt load in surface water. Factors considered included area drained, total drainage flow, irrigation efficiency, and salt load per unit area. The factors were used to rank each sump and then to calculate a composite value for the final ranking. The results demonstrated that no single factor dominated. C1 USDA ARS, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0273-6 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BM48D UT WOS:000078867000045 ER PT J AU Schanler, RJ Smith, LG Burns, PA AF Schanler, RJ Smith, LG Burns, PA TI Effects of long-term maternal intravenous magnesium sulfate therapy on neonatal calcium metabolism and bone mineral content SO GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE magnesium sulfate; calcium homeostasis; bone mineralization; preterm infant ID PARATHYROID-HORMONE; PRETERM LABOR; HYPERMAGNESEMIA; HOMEOSTASIS; TOCOLYSIS; INFUSION; INFANTS AB A prospective study was designed to determine whether calcium homeostasis and bone mineral content were affected adversely in preterm infants born to mothers receiving long-term antenatal therapy with magnesium sulfate, Preterm infants born to mothers receiving long-term antenatal therapy with magnesium sulfate and requiring prolonged bed rest for preterm labor were compared with infants of mothers not receiving magnesium sulfate hut in whom prolonged bed rest was also required, Serum magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, osteocalcin. and parathyroid hormone were measured in infants at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after delivery, Bone mineral content of the distal radius was measured 1 week postnatally and at term-equivalent postmenstrual age, Maternal serum mineral status indices obtained near delivery and bone indices were compared with those of their infants. The clinical characteristics and morbidities of the infants were similar between groups, We observed significantly greater serum concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus, and osteocalcin during the 72 h after delivery and a lower serum calcium concentration which normalized by 72 h in preterm infants whose mothers were treated with magnesium sulfate compared with infants whose mothers did not receive magnesium sulfate, Both groups, however, had similar radius bone mineral content measurements and anthropometric indices after delivery, These data suggest that although preterm infants born to mothers treated with magnesium sulfate have delayed clearance of magnesium and phosphorus, they have a normalization of serum calcium by 72 h after delivery and no significant differences in bone mineral content after delivery compared with infants whose mothers do not receive magnesium sulfate. C1 ST BARNABAS HOSP,LIVINGSTON,NJ 07021. BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR-00188] NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7346 J9 GYNECOL OBSTET INVES JI Gynecol.Obstet.Invest. PY 1997 VL 43 IS 4 BP 236 EP 241 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XD536 UT WOS:A1997XD53600005 PM 9194621 ER PT J AU McBeth, D AF McBeth, D TI Wetlands Conservation and Federal Regulation: Analysis of the Food Security Act's ''Swampbuster'' provisions as amended by the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 SO HARVARD ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article RP McBeth, D (reprint author), USDA,WETLANDS & WATERSHEDS DIV,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU HARVARD LAW SCHOOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBLICATIONS CTR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0147-8257 J9 HARVARD ENVIRON LAW JI Harv. Environ. Law Rev. PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 201 EP 263 PG 63 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA WM737 UT WOS:A1997WM73700004 ER PT J AU Galvez, JMG Riedl, B Conner, AH AF Galvez, JMG Riedl, B Conner, AH TI Analytical studies on tara tannins SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE anion-exchange; chromatography; Caesalpinia spinosa (tara); differential scanning calorimetry; ellagic acid; gallic acid; hyde-powder test; hydrolyzable tannins; pulsed amperometric; detection (PAD); Stiasny test; thermogravimetric analysis ID FORMALDEHYDE; ADHESIVES AB In this paper, an extract from fruits pods of Caesalpinia spinosa (tara) a native leguminosae widely distributed in Peru, known by its high tannin content is evaluated for its utilization in wood adhesives. Commercial pods of tara were extracted for 1 hour with water (1:4 w/v) at 65 degrees C. The extract was spray-dried to obtain tara tannin. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic analysis were performed before and after hydrolysis to quantify amounts of free and combined components. Gallic acid concentration in the extract reached up to 53% and these results encourage us to further develop a method to extract gallic acid from tara pods (25% yield). The thermal behaviour of tara tannin-formaldehyde reaction at different pH conditions were investigated by thermoanalytical methods (Borchardt-Daniels and ASTM E-698). Kinetic parameters obtained were compared with those obtained for gallic acid-formaldehyde reaction. C1 US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, USDA, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. UNIV LAVAL, DEPT SCI BOIS & FORET, CTR RECH SCI & INGN MACROMOL, LAVAL, PQ, CANADA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 16 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1997 VL 51 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA XD537 UT WOS:A1997XD53700007 ER PT B AU Selhub, J Jacques, PF Bostom, AG D'Agostino, RB Wilson, PWF Belanger, AJ O'Leary, DH Wolf, PA Rush, D Schaefer, EJ Rosenberg, IH AF Selhub, J Jacques, PF Bostom, AG D'Agostino, RB Wilson, PWF Belanger, AJ O'Leary, DH Wolf, PA Rush, D Schaefer, EJ Rosenberg, IH BE Graham, I Refsum, H Rosenberg, IH Ueland, PM Shuman, JM TI Association between plasma homocysteine, vitamin status, and extracranial carotid-artery stenosis in the framingham study population SO HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM: FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO CLINICAL MEDICINE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Homocysteine Metabolism CY JUL 02-06, 1995 CL DROMOLAND CASTLE, IRELAND SP Medice Co AB Recent epidemiologic studies suggest that elevated homocysteine concentrations in plasma represent a risk factor for vascular disease and stroke. In the present study, we analyzed plasma samples from the 20th biannual examination of the Framingham Heart Study cohort to determine distribution of plasma homocysteine concentrations, with emphasis on relationships to vitamins that are involved in homocysteine metabolism and prevalence of carotid artery stenosis. Results showed that homocysteine was positively correlated with age. After controlling for age and sex, homocysteine exhibited strong inverse correlation with plasma folate, and weaker correlations with plasma vitamin B-12 and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. Homocysteine was also inversely correlated with intakes of folate and vitamin Bg, brit not vitamin B12. Prevalence of high homocysteine (>14 mu mol/L was 29.3% in this cohort, and inadequate plasma concentrations of one or more B vitamins appeared to contribute to 67% of the cases of high homocysteine. After adjustment for sex, age, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and cigarette smoking, the prevalence of carotid-artery stenosis greater than or equal to 25%; was 43% in men and 34% in women with an odds ratio of 2.0 for individuals in the highest homocysteine quartile, compared with those ia the lowest quartile (P < 0.001). Plasma concentrations of folate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and folate intake were inversely associated with extracranial carotid stenosis after adjustment for age, sex, and other risk factors. These data indicate that hyperhomocysteinemia is prevalent (30%) in this aged population, and that it is associated with increased risk of extracranial carotid-artery stenosis. Insufficient levels of folate, and, to a lesser extent, vitamin B-6, appear to predict part of this elevated risk through their role in homocysteine metabolism. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-9983-8 J9 DEV CARDIOVASC MED PY 1997 BP 99 EP 109 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA BL45Y UT WOS:000075570600014 ER PT B AU Mason, JB AF Mason, JB BE Graham, I Refsum, H Rosenberg, IH Ueland, PM Shuman, JM TI Folate status: Modulation of colorectal carcinogenesis SO HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM: FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO CLINICAL MEDICINE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Homocysteine Metabolism CY JUL 02-06, 1995 CL DROMOLAND CASTLE, IRELAND SP Medice Co C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-9983-8 J9 DEV CARDIOVASC MED PY 1997 BP 167 EP 176 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA BL45Y UT WOS:000075570600023 ER PT B AU Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Jacques, PF Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Johnson, CL Murphy, RS AF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Jacques, PF Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Johnson, CL Murphy, RS BE Graham, I Refsum, H Rosenberg, IH Ueland, PM Shuman, JM TI Blood homocysteine levels in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) in the United States: Preliminary findings by age and sex SO HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM: FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO CLINICAL MEDICINE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Homocysteine Metabolism CY JUL 02-06, 1995 CL DROMOLAND CASTLE, IRELAND SP Medice Co C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-9983-8 J9 DEV CARDIOVASC MED PY 1997 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA BL45Y UT WOS:000075570600025 ER PT S AU Kamo, K AF Kamo, K BE Altman, A Ziv, M TI Bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein and GUSA gene expression in transgenic Gladiolus plants SO HORTICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN VITRO CULTURE AND BREEDING SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International ISHS Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding CY JUN 16-21, 1996 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Otto Warburg Ctr Agr biotechnol, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Joint FAO IAEA Div, Vienna DE bulb crops; monocot transformation; CaMV 35S AB Transgenic plants of Gladiolus were created following particle gun bombardment with either the bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein or gusA gene each under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Monoclonal antibodies were used in ELISA assays to detect expression of the bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein in leaves of the transgenic plants. The bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein was expressed in 42% of the transgenic plants grown in vitro for 1 1/2 years, and levels of coat protein expression remained similar for each transformed plant. Coat protein was expressed in planes grown in the greenhouse after two seasons of dormancy, and expression levels exceeded that of plants grown in vitro. Plants expressing gusA were developed to determine levels of reporter gene expression in various plant tissues and in independent transformants as controlled by the CaMV 35S promoter. The strongest GUS expression generally occurred in root meristems as determined by histochemical staining. GUS expression was variable between leaves of a plant. Leaves of plants developed by particle gun bombardment of suspension cells showed a more uniform distribution of GUS expression throughout the length of the leaf compared to plants resulting from transformation of cormel slices that typically exhibited a distinct striped pattern of GUS expression. C1 USDA, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), USDA, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-909-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1997 IS 447 BP 393 EP 399 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BK31E UT WOS:000071757900081 ER PT S AU Hammerschlag, FA McCanna, IJ Smigocki, AC AF Hammerschlag, FA McCanna, IJ Smigocki, AC BE Altman, A Ziv, M TI Characterization of transgenic peach plants containing a cytokinin biosynthesis gene SO HORTICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN VITRO CULTURE AND BREEDING SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International ISHS Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding CY JUN 16-21, 1996 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Otto Warburg Ctr Agr biotechnol, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Joint FAO IAEA Div, Vienna DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; growth habit; Prunus persica; transformation AB Transgenic peach plants containing a cytokinin biosynthesis (ipt) gene and elevated levels of cytokinins were evaluated in vitro and in the greenhouse for altered growth habit. Plants propagated in vitro from the original transformants were grown on four different levels of 6-benzyladenine (BA). After nine weeks in vitro, the average number of axillary shoots per plant for two independent transformants, 99-1 and 40-1, were up to 2.6 times that for the controls on 0-30 mu M of BA, whereas average fresh weights were up to 10 times that for the controls. Tolerance to a supra-optimal (30 mu M) concentration of BA and delay of senescence on 0 mu M BA was observed with at least 50% of 99-1 and 40-1 plants. Another independent transformant, 94-1, performed similarly to controls. Under greenhouse conditions, the average height of rooted plants derived through micropropagation from the original transformants ranged from 72-89% of controls at 6 weeks and 56-90% of controls at 1 year. Amount of branching on 94-1 and 99-1 was similar to controls, whereas that for 40-1 was 1.58 times that of the control when scored at 1 year. PCR analyses indicated that 56% of the 99-1 plants and 44% of the 40-1 plants, derived from the original transformants, contained the ipt gene. These results suggest that cytokinin biosynthesis gene alters the growth habit of peach and may be useful in generating compact peach trees. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammerschlag, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-909-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1997 IS 447 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BK31E UT WOS:000071757900109 ER PT S AU Ritchie, JC Kemper, WD Englert, JM AF Ritchie, JC Kemper, WD Englert, JM BE Walling, DE Probst, JL TI Narrow stiff grass hedges for erosion control SO HUMAN IMPACT ON EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium S6 on Human Impact on Erosion and Sedimentation, at the 5th Scientific Assembly of the International-Association-of-Hydrological-Sciences CY APR 23-MAY 03, 1997 CL RABAT, MOROCCO SP UNESCO, World Meteorol Org, Moroccan Water Resources Assoc, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros AB Concentrated flow erosion is a major concern in agricultural areas around the world. Many methods have been used to reduce or slow soil loss from areas of concentrated flow erosion. Narrow, stiff grass hedges have been used to slow runoff and reduce soil loss caused by concentrated flow erosion in many countries. However, few quantitative data are available on the effectiveness of these hedges. This study was developed to study the effectiveness of narrow, stiff grass hedges for reducing soil loss from agricultural fields. Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis Andress) and eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) were used to establish stiff grass hedges on the contour across concentrated flow erosion areas in agricultural fields. Miscanthus hedges were established in 1991 and 1992 using transplants. Eastern gamagrass hedges, used to supplement the miscanthus hedges, were established In 1994 from seed. The miscanthus grew rapidly and formed dense hedges within two years that slowed runoff. Comparison of land survey measurements made in 1991 and 1995 found 8 to 15 cm of sediment deposition above miscanthus hedges. Deposition patterns were related to the original topography with low areas having the greatest deposition. Crop yields were reduced in the two rows closest to the hedge in two of three years. This study found that stiff grass hedges were an alternative conservation practice for reducing soil loss and dispersing runoff from areas of concentrated flow erosion in agricultural fields. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-30-9 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1997 IS 245 BP 195 EP 203 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BJ43K UT WOS:A1997BJ43K00022 ER PT J AU Troendle, CA Reuss, JO AF Troendle, C. A. Reuss, J. O. TI Effect of clear cutting on snow accumulation and water outflow at Fraser, Colorado SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB This paper compares of snowpack accumulation and ablation, evapotranspiration, and water outflow from clearcut and forested plots within a high elevation (2900 m) mixed conifer forest at the Fraser Experimental Forest near Fraser, Colorado, USA. Also presented is a method for defining contributing area where outflow is measured from unbounded plots. Plots were monitored from 1980 to 1990 and again in 1993. The clearcut plot was harvested in late 1984. Evapotranspiration (E-T) of the forested plot at zero discharge (E-To) was estimated at 426 mm while the E-T was 500 mm at the mean precipitation of 596 mm. E-T was dependent on precipitation with about 28% of precipitation input in excess of 426 mm contributing to increased E-T, while the remainder contributed to increased outflow. During the six monitored post-harvest years, Peak Water Equivalent of the snowpack averaged 36% higher on the cut plot than on the control, and the mean discharge increased from 85 mm to 356 mm. Area estimates were obtained from the slopes of the regression of outflow on precipitation inputs. Hydrologic parameters corresponded closely to those previously determined at Fraser Experimental Forest using other methods, lending credence to the validity of the area estimates. C1 [Troendle, C. A.; Reuss, J. O.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Troendle, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 1997 VL 1 IS 2 BP 325 EP 332 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA V23RB UT WOS:000208358800011 ER PT J AU Reuss, JO Stottlemyeer, R Troendle, CA AF Reuss, J. O. Stottlemyeer, R. Troendle, C. A. TI Effect of clear cutting on nutrient fluxes in a subalpine forest at Fraser, Colorado SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Nutrient fluxes were investigated on a forested and a clearcut plot in a mixed conifer high elevation (2900 m) forest at the Fraser Experimental Forest in Fraser, Colorado, USA. Plots were located on a coarse loamy mixed Dystric Cryochrept with relatively high base saturation (30-90%) and underlain by an impermeable clay subsoil. Following harvest in late 1984, annual mean NO3 concentrations of 195 to 198 mu mol l(-1) were observed from 1988 through 1990 and concentrations were still above reference levels in 1993. Total nitrogen loss attributable to leaching following harvest was estimated at 48kg ha(-1) over 8 years. Over this same period, atmospheric nitrogen inputs exceeded annual outflow of NH4 plus NO3 from the control plots by approximately 11 kg N ha(-1). A slight enrichment of SO4 and Cl was observed from the harvested plot in 1986 but concentrations later fell below control plot levels, apparently due to dilution by the increased discharge from the harvested plot which was three to four times that from the control plot. Elevated Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations followed a similar pattern to NO3 due to exchange reactions, while a depression in alkalinity of about one-third the amount of NO3 found was also observed. Enrichment of K occurred primarily in water collected at less than 1 m depth. Increases in base cation loss due to leaching after harvest were about twice the amount that can be accounted for by the increased flux of NO3, SO4, and Cl anions. The excess reflects the increased water flux and consequent leaching of base cations in association with HCO3 and organic anions. C1 [Reuss, J. O.; Stottlemyeer, R.; Troendle, C. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Reuss, JO (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 1997 VL 1 IS 2 BP 333 EP 343 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA V23RB UT WOS:000208358800012 ER PT J AU Miller, RB AF Miller, RB TI Message from the new executive secretary SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Miller, RB (reprint author), FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 3 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YB182 UT WOS:A1997YB18200002 ER PT J AU DosSantos, G Miller, RB AF DosSantos, G Miller, RB TI Wood anatomy of Jacaranda (Bignoniaceae): Systematic relationships in sections Monolobos and Dilobos as suggested by twig and stem wood rays SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Bignoniaceae; Jacaranda; section Monolobos; section Dilobos; wood anatomy; rays AB This report provides a generic description of the stem wood anatomy of 15 species of Jacaranda from sections Monolobos and Dilobos. In Monolobos (excluding J. copaia), the rays are homocellular and exclusively uniseriate, occasionally with a small biseriate portion. In Dilobos, the rays are heterocellular and 2-3(-4) cells wide. To verify the differences in ray structure, 27 species of twig specimens were examined and compared with stem specimens of the same section. The wood anatomy corroborates morphological evidence that suggests partitioning of Jacaranda into two distinct sections and supports the hypothesis that section Dilobos is primitive. The wood anatomy of Jacaranda copaia is distinct from that of other species in the genus. The vessels are larger in diameter and fewer per square millimetre, the vessel elements and fibres are longer, and the number of cells per parenchyma strand is higher. In addition, the rays are fewer per millimetre, taller, and homocellular to slightly heterocellular, with one irregular row of square cells, 2-3(-4) cells wide. Jacaranda copaia seems to be intermediate between sections Monolobos and Dilobas. RP DosSantos, G (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,CTR WOOD ANAT RES,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 369 EP 383 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YL671 UT WOS:A1997YL67100002 ER PT B AU Jackson, TJ Schmugge, TJ Rawls, WJ ONeill, PE Parlange, MB AF Jackson, TJ Schmugge, TJ Rawls, WJ ONeill, PE Parlange, MB GP IEEE TI Passive microwave observation of soil water infiltration SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB Infiltration is a time varying process of water entry into soil. Experiments were conducted here using truck based microwave radiometers to observe small plots during and following sprinkler irrigation. Experiments were conducted on a sandy loam soil in 1994 and a silt loam in 1995. Sandy loam soils typically have higher infiltration capabilities than clays. For the sandy loam, the observed brightness temperature (TB) quickly reached a nominally constant value during irrigation. When the irrigation was stopped the TB began to increase as drainage took place. The irrigation rates in 1995 with the silt loam soil exceeded the saturated conductivity of the soil. During irrigation the TB values exhibited a pattern that suggests the occurrence of coherent reflection, a rarely observed phenomena under natural conditions. These results suggested the existence of a sharp dielectric boundary (wet over dry soil) that was increasing in depth with time. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,104 BLDG 007 BAR W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Parlange, Marc/A-3403-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1099 EP 1101 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00328 ER PT B AU Schmugge, T Hook, S Coll, C AF Schmugge, T Hook, S Coll, C GP IEEE TI Application of the TES algorithm to TIMS data acquired in HAPEX-Sahel SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB In 1992 Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) data were acquired from the NASA C-130 aircraft over the Sahel, Africa as part of the Hydrological and Atmospheric Pilot Experiment in the Sahel (HAPEX). The TIMS instrument measures the radiation from the surface modified by the atmosphere in 6 channels located between 8 and 12.5 mu m. These airborne TIMS data provide a surrogate for data that will be available globally with the launch of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal emission Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) in 1998 on the first AM Earth Observation System platform and were used to test the Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) Algorithm being developed for ASTER. This method relies on an empirical relationship observed between the range of emissivities and the minimum value for the 6 TIMS channels. HAPEX is an international land-surface-atmosphere observation program that was undertaken in western Niger, in the west African Sahel region. The TES algorithm was applied to scenes of about 1000 scans for both the east and west central sites with the interesting results on 2 and 4 September. The spectral behaviors of Tiger Bush, bare soil and millet sites were studied. There was up to a 10 K difference in the brightness temperature over the 6 channels for the bare soil site. Channels 1 to 3 (8.2 to 9.4 mu m) were 10 K cooler than the longer wavelength channels (9.6 to 12.5 mu m) which is characteristic of soils rich in quartz. While for tiger bush site there was less than 0.5 K difference observed. In terms of emissivity, channel 5 showed very little spatial variation in emissivity and the short wavelength channels observed substantial regions with emissivities of less than 0.8. As expected there was little spectral difference in emissivity observed for vegetated pixels,, less than 0.01, and the average amplitude was 0.97. The extracted vegetation temperature was close to the air temperature. Our results indicated a large sensitivity to the values used for the atmospheric corrections, which in our case was done using MODTRAN 3.5 and nearby radiosoundings of the atmosphere. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1233 EP 1235 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00372 ER PT B AU Schmugge, T AF Schmugge, T GP IEEE TI Aster observations for the monitoring of land surface fluxes SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB This paper presents a review of how data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission radiometer (ASTER) can be used to estimate the energy fluxes from the land surface. The basic concepts of the energy balance at the land surface are presented along with an example of how remotely sensed surface brightness temperatures can be used to estimate the sensible heat. The example is from the Monsoon 90 experiment conducted over an arid watershed in the state of Arizona in the United States. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1236 EP 1238 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00373 ER PT S AU Muldoon, MT Stanker, LH AF Muldoon, MT Stanker, LH BE Aga, DS Thurman, EM TI Development and application of molecular imprinting technology for residue analysis SO IMMUNOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Immunochemical Technology for Environmental Applications, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-29, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID AMINO-ACID DERIVATIVES; ENZYME-ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-STATE ANALOG; MACROPOROUS POLYMERS; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; RACEMIC-RESOLUTION; STATIONARY PHASES; CHIRAL CAVITIES; BUILT POLYMERS; RECOGNITION AB Molecular imprinting technology has recently been applied to the analysis of environmentally-important compounds. Molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs) are formed by synthesizing polymers in the presence of a ''print molecule'', which is usually the analyte of interest or a closely-related structure. After polymerization, the print molecule is removed resulting in an ''imprint'' of the molecule. MIPs can be used as specific binding matrices for a variety of analytical applications. The most common application for MIPs have been as solid-phase adsorbents for HPLC. Recently, these MIPs have been employed as specific receptors in competitive ligand binding assays such as the Molecularly-Imprinted Sorbent Assay (MIA). MIPs have been incorporated into membranes for use in sensor applications. Finally, MIPs have been used as solid phase extraction materials in the preparation of complex biological samples for residue analysis. This paper reviews the process of MIP synthesis, the basis for analyte-MIP recognition, and current applications of the technology for residue analysis. RP Muldoon, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, 2881 F&B RD, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3487-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 657 BP 314 EP 330 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BH17H UT WOS:A1997BH17H00026 ER PT J AU Chen, YF Lillehoj, HS Hsu, CH Carpenter, SL Lamont, SJ AF Chen, YF Lillehoj, HS Hsu, CH Carpenter, SL Lamont, SJ TI Functional characterization of a chicken major histocompatibility complex class II B gene promoter SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID MHC CLASS-I; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES; TRANSCRIPTION; MOLECULES; INDUCTION; ANTIGENS; ENHANCER; ELEMENT; SYSTEM AB A 0.7 kilobase (kb) DNA fragment from the 5' flanking region of a chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II B gene was cloned into chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter vectors and was transfected into a chicken macrophage cell line that expresses a low level of MHC class II antigens. Positive orientation-dependent promoter activity of the chicken DNA was evident in a reporter construct containing an SV40 enhancer. Deletion analysis of this 0.7 kb DNA fragment revealed a short fragment in the 3' end that was crucial for the promoter function and negative regulatory elements (NRE) located further upstream. The conserved MHC class II X and Y boxes did not have a significant effect on promoter activity. Sequence analysis of the 0.7 kb class II B gene upstream region suggests possible involvement of interferon (IFN), E twenty-six specific (ETS)-related proteins, and other factors in regulating this promoter. A chicken T-cell line culture supernatant increased surface expression of MHC class II antigens, as well as class II promoter activity, in this macrophage cell line. This first functional characterization of a chicken MHC class II B gene promoter will aid in understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of these genes. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE IMMUNOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s002510050199 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA WJ493 UT WOS:A1997WJ49300002 PM 9002444 ER PT S AU Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO GP IEEE INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC TI New density-independent function for microwave moisture content determination in particulate materials SO IMTC/97 - IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SENSING, PROCESSING, NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Sensing, Processing, Networking (IMTC/97) CY MAY 19-21, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Ottawa Sect AB A new density-independent function for moisture content determination from microwave dielectric measurements on particulate materials is proposed. The definition of this function is based on the existence of a simple relationship between the bulk density and the two components of the relative complex permittivity and the principle of energy balance in dielectrics expressed by tan delta. Its validity and applicability are shown fora granular material, wheat, over broad ranges of microwave frequencies, temperatures, densities and moisture contents. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-3748-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1997 BP 648 EP 652 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH95G UT WOS:A1997BH95G00126 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO Bartley, PG AF Nelson, SO Bartley, PG GP IEEE INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC TI Open-ended coaxial probe permittivity measurements on pulverized materials SO IMTC/97 - IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SENSING, PROCESSING, NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Sensing, Processing, Networking (IMTC/97) CY MAY 19-21, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Ottawa Sect AB The open-ended coaxial probe technique can be used to obtain estimates of the permittivities of some solid dielectrics over broad ranges of frequency by measurements on powdered or pulverized samples, but certain problems must be resolved. Such a probe was used with a network analyzer to estimate the permittivities of coal and limestone from reflection coefficients measured on pulverised samples. The bulk density of the pulverised samples for the coaxial probe measurements was determined from auxiliary single-frequency permittivity measurements on the samples at known bulk densities, and the permittivities of the solid materials over the frequency range from 0.2 to 20 GHz were then estimated by computations based on the Landau & Lifshitz, Looyenga dielectric mixture equation and solid material densities. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-3748-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1997 BP 653 EP 657 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH95G UT WOS:A1997BH95G00127 ER PT B AU Fadullon, FS Karns, J Torrents, A AF Fadullon, FS Karns, J Torrents, A GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Bioremediation of herbicide-contaminated soils using Streptomyces strain PS1/5 SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 2 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 SAIC,SHALIMAR,FL. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(2) IS 2 BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89T UT WOS:A1997BH89T00062 ER PT B AU Banuelos, G Ajwa, H Terry, N Downey, S AF Banuelos, G Ajwa, H Terry, N Downey, S GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Phytoremediation of selenium-laden effluent SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00079 ER PT B AU Hunter, WJ Follett, RF AF Hunter, WJ Follett, RF GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Removing nitrate from groundwater using innocuous oils: Water quality studies SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Innocuous oil can be used to remove NO3 from flowing ground- water. Oil applied to soil columns becomes trapped in the matrix where it stimulates denitrification by providing a carbon source for microbial denitrifiers. In this study water was denitrified using up-flow reactors containing sand and vegetable oil. Effluent waters were evaluated before and after secondary treatment. Secondary reactors were aerated granular activated carbon (GAG) and sand filters. Denitrification reactors produced NO3-free water with high turbidity (19.2 NTU), chemical oxygen demand (62 mg/L), and total suspended solids (8 mg/L). The GAG-sand filters reduced turbidity to 2.5 NTU, chemical oxygen demand to 28 mg/L and suspended solids to 0.8 mg/L. Innocuous oil provides a simple method of NO3 removal. Application could involve the injection of oil around a well or the mixing of oil with sand and gravel to form a reactor for removing NO3. Also, oil injected into the ground might be used to contain a NO3 plume. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), ARS,USDA,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00108 ER PT B AU Kuykendall, LD Gillette, WK Hollowell, GP Hou, LH Tatem, HE Dutta, SK AF Kuykendall, LD Gillette, WK Hollowell, GP Hou, LH Tatem, HE Dutta, SK GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Transfer of plasmid RP4:TOL to legume microsymbionts for soil/rhizosphere bioremediation SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Legume microsymbionts are good candidates for genetic modification to enhance soil/rhizosphere bioremediation since much is known of their genetics and their growth and metabolism in soil are both energetically and specifically stimulated by their host plants. Furthermore, together with their eukaryotic hosts, they fix nitrogen, permitting high, sustainable biomass yields that are potentially useful as energy fuel. As a first step, the broad-host-range plasmid RP4::TOL that carries the benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) degradative gene cluster was transferred in crosses between Escherichia coli C600 and symbiotically elite strains of alfalfa-nodulating Rhizobium meliloti and of soybean-nodulating Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii. Reciprocal crosses with E. coli RR28 verified the plasmid-bearing R. meliloti exconjugants since they donated the original RP4::TOL plasmid, but only derivative plasmids with a substantial deletion of part of the TOL region were found in E. coli plasmid-bearing exconjugants from matings with B. japonicum and B. elkanii donors. R meliloti (RP4::TOL) exconjugants completely metabolized toluate and transformed trinitrotoluene to a much greater extent than did the parental strain. RP Kuykendall, LD (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00016 ER PT J AU Saunders, JW Tsai, CJ Samper, E AF Saunders, JW Tsai, CJ Samper, E TI Evaluation of alternative nitrogen and carbon sources for sugarbeet suspension culture platings in development of cell selection schemes SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE callus; glutamine; glycine betaine; raffinose; phenylglyoxal ID GENE AMPLIFICATION; GROWTH; BEET; RESISTANCE; INVITRO; MUTANT; PLANTS; ROOTS; LINE AB Low molecular weight nitrogenous impurity compounds as well as raffinose are negative quality factors that interfere with efficient processing of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) for sucrose. In order to identify nutrient media for cell selection of biochemical mutants or transgenics that might have reduced levels of these processing impurities. the ability of 10 endogenous compounds to serve as sole nitrogen or carbon source for suspension plating and subculture callus growth was evaluated. The most productive concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, L-glutamine, L-glutamate, urea, and L-proline as sole nitrogen sources supported plating callus growth at 106, 159, 233, 167, 80, and 52%, respectively,, as well as the historical 60 mM mix of nitrate and ammonium in Murashige-Skoog medium. Glycine betaine and choline did not support growth. D(+) Raffinose and D(+) galactose supported plating callus growth only 67 and 25%, respectively, as well as sucrose as sole carbohydrate source. No callus growth occurred on glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine as the sole carbon or carbon plus nitrogen source. Platings on either nitrate or ammonium as sole nitrogen source did not differ in sensitivity to the nitrate uptake inhibitor phenylglyoxal, suggesting that phenylglyoxal lacks the specificity for use in selection for mutants of nitrate uptake. The ability of raffinose to be used as the carbon source, and glutamine or glutamate as the nitrogen source, may preclude their use for selection of genetic variants accumulating less of these processing impurities. However, mutants or transgenics able to utilize either glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine might be selectable on media containing any one of these as carbon, nitrogen, or carbon plus nitrogen source, respectively, that is incapable of supporting wild-type cell growth. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Saunders, JW (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,SUGARBEET & BEAN RES UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 56 EP 61 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA XL316 UT WOS:A1997XL31600010 ER PT J AU Wyatt, CR Brackett, EJ Perryman, LE RiceFicht, AC Brown, WC ORourke, KI AF Wyatt, CR Brackett, EJ Perryman, LE RiceFicht, AC Brown, WC ORourke, KI TI Activation of intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes in calves infected with Cryptosporidium parvum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IFN-GAMMA; CELL; ANTIBODIES; MICE; DIFFERENTIATION; INTERLEUKIN-10; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INTERFERON AB The objective of this study was to identify disease-related changes in lymphocyte populations within ileal mucosae of carves with cryptosporidiosis, Groups of five neonatal calves were orally infected at 3 days of age with 10(8) oocysts and maintained in enteric-pathogen-free conditions until clinical disease was established or until the animals had recovered from disease. Age-matched uninfected calves were used for comparison, Ileal mucosal lymphocytes were collected, quantitated, and phenotyped to determine whether changes in lymphocyte composition occurred in infected animals, We observed significantly larger numbers of intraepithelial CD8(+) T lymphocytes in ileal mucosae from acutely infected calves compared with those from control animals, In addition, a proportion of intraepithelial CD4(+) T cells from acutely infected calves coexpressed CD25, whereas there was an absence of coexpressed CD25 on CD4(+) T cells from control calves, Ex vivo reverse transcriptase PCR of RNA from intraepithelial lymphocytes from control calves showed a cytokine expression pattern consisting of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), while intraepithelial lymphocytes from calves with cryptosporidiosis expressed IFN-gamma but not TNF-alpha, Together, the results indicate that changes occur in the ileal intraepithelial lymphocyte population coincidently with Cryptosporidium parvum-induced enteric disease. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL PATHOL & PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Wyatt, CR (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 46 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WA609 UT WOS:A1997WA60900026 PM 8975910 ER PT J AU Taylor, DW Levander, OA Krishna, VR Evans, CB Morris, VC Barta, JR AF Taylor, DW Levander, OA Krishna, VR Evans, CB Morris, VC Barta, JR TI Vitamin E-deficient diets enriched with fish oil suppress lethal Plasmodium yoelii infections in athymic and scid/bg mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID COD-LIVER OIL; T-CELL; MALARIAL PARASITES; RESISTANT; PROTECTION; QINGHAOSU; IMMUNITY; BERGHEI; STRESS; ACIDS AB Mice fed vitamin E-deficient diets containing omega-3 fatty acids survive infection with lethal Plasmodium yoelii. The current study sought to determine if antimalarial T- and B-cell responses were required for such dietary-mediated protection, In the first set of experiments, nu/nu mice (which lack alpha beta T-cell-receptor-positive T cells and do not produce antimalarial antibody) and nu/+ mice were fed casein-based diets containing 3% menhaden oil, with or without vitamin E supplementation, for 4 weeks prior to infection with lethal P. yoelii. All mice fed diets containing vitamin E developed fulminating parasitemias and quickly died, whereas both nu/nu and nu/+ mice fed diets deficient in vitamin E controlled their parasitemias for the first 18 days of infection, Thereafter, the nu/nu mice became anemic and died, whereas the nu/+ mice produced antimalarial antibodies and survived, In the second set of experiments, scid/scid.bg/bg mice (which lack B cells and alpha beta and gamma delta T cells and have reduced NK-cell activity) were fed the experimental diet for 6 weeks and then infected with the less virulent 17XNL strain of P. yoelii, Mice fed vitamin E-containing diets quickly died, whereas those fed the vitamin E-deficient diet survived without developing detectable parasitemias, Results from these experiments show that under prooxidant dietary conditions, mice were able to control and even survive malaria in the absence of malaria-primed T cells and antimalarial antibody, These results emphasize the importance of cellular oxidative processes in parasite elimination. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT PATHOBIOL,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. RP Taylor, DW (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,37TH & O ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20057, USA. OI Barta, John/0000-0001-6896-2271 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WA609 UT WOS:A1997WA60900028 PM 8975912 ER PT J AU Hiremath, S Lehtoma, K AF Hiremath, S Lehtoma, K TI Complete nucleotide sequence of the vitellogenin mRNA from the gypsy moth: Novel arrangement of the subunit encoding regions SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lepidopteran insect; vitellogenin; novel gene arrangement ID YOLK PROTEINS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MOSQUITO VITELLOGENIN; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GENE FAMILY; EXPRESSION; CDNA; BIOSYNTHESIS; PURIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB Primary structure analysis and location of introns suggests evolutionary relatedness among vitellogenin (Vg) genes from vertebrates and invertebrates, including insects. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gypsy moth VgmRNA, which shows that its structure is significantly different from VgmRNAs in other systems. The nucleotide sequence was determined using overlapping cDNA fragments generated from RACE reactions and rTh polymerase-mediated PCR. The VgmRNA is 5579 nucleotides long and codes for both the large and small subunits, However, the arrangement of the subunit encoding regions in the gypsy moth VgmRNA is opposite of what has been observed in other systems, Gypsy moth Vg gene is the first reported example of a Vg gene where the 5'-terminal region codes for the large subunit and the 3'-terminal region for the small subunit, Also, the sequence near the junction of subunits was significantly different from those found in other insects. This may. be responsible for the relatively more stable precursor of Vg subunits found in the gypsy moth hemolymph, It is not clear where this divergence in the structure of Vg gene occurred during evolution, since the Vg gene of another lepidopteran, Bombyx mori, conforms to the structure of those in vertebrates and other invertebrates. RP Hiremath, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(96)00067-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA WL480 UT WOS:A1997WL48000004 PM 9061926 ER PT J AU Choi, HK Choi, KH Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S AF Choi, HK Choi, KH Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S TI Isolation and characterization of a genomic clone for the gene of an insect molting enzyme, chitinase SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chitinase; Manduca sexta; tobacco hornworm; genomic clone; DNA sequence; gene structure; exon; intron; chitinolytic enzyme; chitinase ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; CHITINOLYTIC ENZYMES; BOMBYX-MORI; FLUID; CHITOTRIOSIDASE; IDENTIFICATION; ENDOCHITINASE; MACROPHAGES; HYDROLYSIS; EXPRESSION AB Genomic clones for a chitinolytic enzyme were isolated from a library of Sau 3A digested DNA from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, using a previously isolated chitinase cDNA clone as a probe [Kramer et al., Insect Biochem. Melee. Biol. 23, 691-701 (1993)], Restriction enzyme mapping and Southern blot analysis of four genomic clones suggested that these are overlapping clones, Sequence analysis of the genomic clones and Southern blot analysis of total genomic DNA also suggest that the M. sexta genome has only one chitinase gene detectable by the cDNA probe, This gene is organized into at least 11 exons in a region spanning >11 kb. The sequenced M. sexta chitinase gene has a series of exons corresponding to identifiable structural/functional regions of the protein. Similarities in structure and organization between the M. sexta chitinase gene and chitinase genes from other sources are described. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(96)00066-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA WL480 UT WOS:A1997WL48000005 PM 9061927 ER PT B AU Raina, AK AF Raina, AK BE Carde, RT Minks, AK TI Control of pheromone production in moths SO INSECT PHEROMONE RESEARCH: NEW DIRECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Insect Pheromones CY MAR 06-11, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Amsterdam, Directorate Sci & Technol Netherlands Minist Agr Nat Management & Fisheries, , The Hague, Agr Res Dept, Wageningen, Res Inst Plant Protect, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr Univ, Syntech, Hilversum, Int Agr Ctr, Wageningen, USDA, Natl Res Initiat RP Raina, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN & HALL INC PI NEW YORK PA 115 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10003 BN 0-412-99611-1 PY 1997 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BH87D UT WOS:A1997BH87D00002 ER PT B AU Tumlinson, JH Fang, NB Teal, PEA AF Tumlinson, JH Fang, NB Teal, PEA BE Carde, RT Minks, AK TI The effect of PBAN on conversion of fatty acyls to pheromone aldehydes in female Manduca sexta SO INSECT PHEROMONE RESEARCH: NEW DIRECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Insect Pheromones CY MAR 06-11, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Amsterdam, Directorate Sci & Technol Netherlands Minist Agr Nat Management & Fisheries, , The Hague, Agr Res Dept, Wageningen, Res Inst Plant Protect, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr Univ, Syntech, Hilversum, Int Agr Ctr, Wageningen, USDA, Natl Res Initiat RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN & HALL INC PI NEW YORK PA 115 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10003 BN 0-412-99611-1 PY 1997 BP 54 EP 55 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BH87D UT WOS:A1997BH87D00006 ER PT B AU Dickens, JC AF Dickens, JC BE Carde, RT Minks, AK TI Neurobiology of pheromonal signal processing in insects SO INSECT PHEROMONE RESEARCH: NEW DIRECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Insect Pheromones CY MAR 06-11, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Amsterdam, Directorate Sci & Technol Netherlands Minist Agr Nat Management & Fisheries, , The Hague, Agr Res Dept, Wageningen, Res Inst Plant Protect, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr Univ, Syntech, Hilversum, Int Agr Ctr, Wageningen, USDA, Natl Res Initiat RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BLDG 007,ROOM 310,BELTSVILLE,MD 20704, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL INC PI NEW YORK PA 115 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10003 BN 0-412-99611-1 PY 1997 BP 210 EP 217 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BH87D UT WOS:A1997BH87D00020 ER PT B AU Staten, RT ElLissy, O Antilla, L AF Staten, RT ElLissy, O Antilla, L BE Carde, RT Minks, AK TI Successful area-wide program to control pink bollworm by mating disruption SO INSECT PHEROMONE RESEARCH: NEW DIRECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Insect Pheromones CY MAR 06-11, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Amsterdam, Directorate Sci & Technol Netherlands Minist Agr Nat Management & Fisheries, , The Hague, Agr Res Dept, Wageningen, Res Inst Plant Protect, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr Univ, Syntech, Hilversum, Int Agr Ctr, Wageningen, USDA, Natl Res Initiat RP Staten, RT (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,4125 BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL INC PI NEW YORK PA 115 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10003 BN 0-412-99611-1 PY 1997 BP 383 EP 396 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BH87D UT WOS:A1997BH87D00034 ER PT B AU Krasnoff, SB AF Krasnoff, SB BE Carde, RT Minks, AK TI Evolution of male lepidopteran pheromones: A phylogenetic perspective SO INSECT PHEROMONE RESEARCH: NEW DIRECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Insect Pheromones CY MAR 06-11, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Amsterdam, Directorate Sci & Technol Netherlands Minist Agr Nat Management & Fisheries, , The Hague, Agr Res Dept, Wageningen, Res Inst Plant Protect, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr Univ, Syntech, Hilversum, Int Agr Ctr, Wageningen, USDA, Natl Res Initiat RP Krasnoff, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL INC PI NEW YORK PA 115 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10003 BN 0-412-99611-1 PY 1997 BP 490 EP 504 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BH87D UT WOS:A1997BH87D00042 ER PT B AU Teal, PEA Tumlinson, JH AF Teal, PEA Tumlinson, JH BE Carde, RT Minks, AK TI Effects of interspecific hybridization between Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa on the sex pheromone communication system SO INSECT PHEROMONE RESEARCH: NEW DIRECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Insect Pheromones CY MAR 06-11, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Amsterdam, Directorate Sci & Technol Netherlands Minist Agr Nat Management & Fisheries, , The Hague, Agr Res Dept, Wageningen, Res Inst Plant Protect, Wageningen, Wageningen Agr Univ, Syntech, Hilversum, Int Agr Ctr, Wageningen, USDA, Natl Res Initiat RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHAPMAN & HALL INC PI NEW YORK PA 115 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10003 BN 0-412-99611-1 PY 1997 BP 535 EP 547 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BH87D UT WOS:A1997BH87D00046 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Higo, HA Pankiw, T Winston, ML AF Pettis, JS Higo, HA Pankiw, T Winston, ML TI Queen rearing suppression in the honey bee - evidence for a fecundity signal SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; pheromones; queen rearing ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; MANDIBULAR GLAND PHEROMONE; HYMENOPTERA; INHIBITION; COLONY; APIDAE AB Previous studies have shown that a pheromone produced in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queen's mandibular glands suppresses the rearing of new queens. The present studies investigated the existence of an as-yet unidentified, brood-associated signal that acts in conjunction with the queen's mandibular pheromone to suppress queen rearing. When we manipulated the levels of synthetic queen mandibular gland pheromone (QMP) and young brood in queenless colonies, there was a 50% reduction in the number of queen cells reared compared to colonies receiving QMP alone. In a second experiment, colonies containing eggs and young larvae but no QMP reared on average only one queen cell after 24 h, while colonies containing older larvae reared four queen cells, suggesting that combs with younger brood were the source of the second signal. In a third experiment, we attempted to induce queen rearing in the presence of the queen by removing eggs and young larvae in colonies with healthy queens. Six of nine brood-manipulated colonies initiated queen cells, compared with only one of nine colonies receiving a sham manipulation. The results from this experiment suggest that a decline in the brood signal initiated queen supersedure in honey bee colonies. Results from all three experiments clearly demonstrate the existence of a "fecundity" signal that acts with QMP to suppress queen rearing. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 14 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 1997 VL 44 IS 4 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s000400050053 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YP547 UT WOS:000071288800002 ER PT J AU Muzika, RM Liebhold, A Gottschalk, K AF Muzika, RM Liebhold, A Gottschalk, K BE Gregoire, JC Liebhold, AM Stephen, FM Day, KR Salom, SM TI Silvicultural methods of Lymantria dispar L management: effects on Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) populations SO INTEGRATING CULTURAL TACTICS INTO THE MANAGEMENT OF BARK BEETLE AND REFORESTATION PESTS, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrating Cultural Tactics into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforestation Pests CY SEP 01-03, 1996 CL MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA, VALLOMBROSA, ITALY SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Insects Affecting Reforestat, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Integrated Control Scolytid Bark, Beetles, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Populat Dynam Forest Insects HO MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA DE Agrilus bilineatus; silviculture; mortality; Quercus; defoliation AB The abundance of twolined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber), adults were sampled using sticky panels over a 6-year period in a mixed hardwood forest in West Virginia. Sixteen stands (average size 10.5 ha) were used in the study; eight of these were silviculturally thinned in 1989, the remainder were uncut. During 1990 and 1991, populations of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., reached outbreak levels. Densities of A. bilineatus adults peaked in 1992, the year following the second defoliation year (1992), and were always in thinned than unthinned stands, however overstory mortality was greater in unthinned stands. greater in thinned than unthinned stands, however overstory mortality was greater in unthinned stands. Correlations between twolined chestnut borer abundance and tree mortality were not strong, nor were the relationships between defoliation and twolined chestnut borer. RP Muzika, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 236 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BJ46A UT WOS:A1997BJ46A00002 ER PT B AU Haack, RA Lawrence, RK McCullough, DG Sadof, CS AF Haack, RA Lawrence, RK McCullough, DG Sadof, CS BE Gregoire, JC Liebhold, AM Stephen, FM Day, KR Salom, SM TI Tomicus piniperda in North America: An integrated response to a new exotic Scolytid SO INTEGRATING CULTURAL TACTICS INTO THE MANAGEMENT OF BARK BEETLE AND REFORESTATION PESTS, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrating Cultural Tactics into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforestation Pests CY SEP 01-03, 1996 CL MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA, VALLOMBROSA, ITALY SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Insects Affecting Reforestat, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Integrated Control Scolytid Bark, Beetles, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Populat Dynam Forest Insects HO MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA DE Tomicus piniperda; Scolytidae; Thanasimus formicarius; Cleridae; Pinus; exotic insect; biological control; regulatory entomology; quarantine AB The pine shoot beetle [Tomicus piniperda (L.); Coleoptera: Scolytidae] was first discovered in North America in Ohio in 1992. As of 1 October 1996, it was found in 186 counties in 8 US states (Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia) and in 1? counties in I Canadian province (Ontario). A federal quarantine imposed in November 1992 regulates movement of pine (Pinus) trees and logs from infested to uninfested areas. This paper summarizes information on the discovery of T. piniperda in North America, early survey efforts, recent interception history, development and changes in the federal quarantine, research efforts, development of a national compliance management: program, and current efforts to evaluate the clerid Thanasimus formicarius (L.) for possible release as a classical biological control agent in the US. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 236 BP 62 EP 72 PG 11 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BJ46A UT WOS:A1997BJ46A00007 ER PT J AU Clarke, SR Billings, RF Salom, SM Berisford, CW AF Clarke, SR Billings, RF Salom, SM Berisford, CW BE Gregoire, JC Liebhold, AM Stephen, FM Day, KR Salom, SM TI Technology transfer of treatments using verbenone for the suppression of southern pine beetle infestations SO INTEGRATING CULTURAL TACTICS INTO THE MANAGEMENT OF BARK BEETLE AND REFORESTATION PESTS, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrating Cultural Tactics into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforestation Pests CY SEP 01-03, 1996 CL MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA, VALLOMBROSA, ITALY SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Insects Affecting Reforestat, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Integrated Control Scolytid Bark, Beetles, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Populat Dynam Forest Insects HO MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA DE southern pine beetle; verbenone; technology transfer; pheromones AB A three phase technology transfer program is currently underway to present potential users with the operational methods developed for suppressing southern pine beetle infestations with verbenone. The program is designed to ensure that the tactic is properly applied and to solicit feedback on the ease and viability of the methods. Three technology transfer sessions have been conducted to date, and the initial results indicate the application methods and directions for use are satisfactory. The major concerns voiced by foresters were treatment cost and efficacy. The results underscore the necessity of providing effective training in treatment application once verbenone is registered for use by the Environmental Protection Agency. RP Clarke, SR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,LUFKIN,TX 75901, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 236 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BJ46A UT WOS:A1997BJ46A00012 ER PT B AU Bentz, BJ Logan, JA Powell, JA AF Bentz, BJ Logan, JA Powell, JA BE Gregoire, JC Liebhold, AM Stephen, FM Day, KR Salom, SM TI Spatial and temporal attack dynamics of the mountain pine beetle: Implications for management SO INTEGRATING CULTURAL TACTICS INTO THE MANAGEMENT OF BARK BEETLE AND REFORESTATION PESTS, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrating Cultural Tactics into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforestation Pests CY SEP 01-03, 1996 CL MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA, VALLOMBROSA, ITALY SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Insects Affecting Reforestat, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Integrated Control Scolytid Bark, Beetles, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Populat Dynam Forest Insects HO MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA DE mountain pine beetle; verbenone; switching; spatial; lodgepole pine AB Colonization of a host tree by the mountain pine beetle, MPB (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, Coleoptera: Scolytidae), involves a complex, synergistic interaction between host-produced chemicals and beetle-produced pheromones. This system of chemical communication enables a massive aggregation of beetles on a single resource, thereby ensuring host death and subsequent beetle population survival. Because a single host tree is a limited food and breeding resource, MPB populations have evolved mechanism(s) for termination of colonization on a tree at optimal beetle densities, with a concomitant shift of attacks to nearby trees. Several hypothesis attempt to explain this pheromone-mediated phenomena. In an effort to more fully understand the entire colonization process, including the switch of attacks among trees, we observed the daily spatial and temporal attack process of MPB (non-epidemic) attacking lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann). Our results from this preliminary study suggest that beetles switch attacks to a new host tree before the original focus tree is fully colonized, and that verbenone, an anti-aggregating pheromone, may be acting within a tree rather than between trees. Results from this and additional on-going studies are being used for parameterization of a spatially explicit model of MPB dispersal. Alternative hypotheses for MPB colonization and management implications are discussed. RP Bentz, BJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 236 BP 153 EP 162 PG 10 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BJ46A UT WOS:A1997BJ46A00020 ER PT B AU Moser, JC Perry, TJ Furuta, K AF Moser, JC Perry, TJ Furuta, K BE Gregoire, JC Liebhold, AM Stephen, FM Day, KR Salom, SM TI Japanese phoretic mites and their hyperphoretic fungi associated with flying adults of the spruce beetle (Ips typographus japonicus Niijima) (Col, Scolytidae). SO INTEGRATING CULTURAL TACTICS INTO THE MANAGEMENT OF BARK BEETLE AND REFORESTATION PESTS, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrating Cultural Tactics into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforestation Pests CY SEP 01-03, 1996 CL MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA, VALLOMBROSA, ITALY SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Insects Affecting Reforestat, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Integrated Control Scolytid Bark, Beetles, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Populat Dynam Forest Insects HO MONASTERY VALLOMBROSA RP Moser, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1997 VL 236 BP 220 EP 221 PG 2 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BJ46A UT WOS:A1997BJ46A00028 ER PT S AU Petersen, MM Rasely, RC AF Petersen, MM Rasely, RC GP INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC TI Sand Wash Watershed - A case study of low-tech erosion control methods SO INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 28: EROSION CONTROL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ... WORKING IN HARMONY SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference 28 CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Hydro Blanket, N Amer Green, Amer Excelsior Co, Earth Sci Div AB The Sand Wash Watershed in eastern Utah was funded as a PL-566 Small Watershed Land Treatment Project in 1987. Studies had shown that approximately 10,000 acres of critically eroding rangeland in the watershed, which is less than 2% of the total drainage area, was yielding 14% of the sediment load to Starvation Reservoir. Alluvial fans and bottoms in the watershed were occupied by a plant community of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) with very little understory. The silt loam soils were exposed to erosive forces and the alluvial fans and bottoms in the watershed were deeply incised and dissected with gullies. A watershed plan was developed that targeted land treatment methods to the most eroding areas of the watershed. These eroding areas were treated with low-cost, low-tech water-spreaders and gully-plugs constructed with fence posts, wire and brush. The water-spreaders were installed to trap sediment, increase infiltration and reduce runoff into the gullies. The gully-plugs were designed to reduce flow velocities and trap sediment in the gullies. Land between the gullies was treated with brush plowing and range seeding. Livestock watering facilities and fences were installed to facilitate implementation of a planned grazing system in the watershed. Brush plowing was done across the slope and just deep enough to cut the brush, break up concentrated flow paths, and create surface roughness to capture and store water, increase infiltration, and reduce surface runoff. Sagebrush residue was left on the soil surface to maximize litter cover and soil protection while seeded plants became established. The treatment was very successful in restoring the alluvial fans and bottoms to function more like these landforms function naturally. Infiltration and soil moisture recharge have been significantly increased while surface runoff and erosion have been greatly reduced. Forage production and protective ground cover have significantly increased. This paper reports on the preliminary results of a long-term monitoring study to assess the effectiveness of low-tech land treatment methods used to treat the Sand Wash Watershed. RP Petersen, MM (reprint author), NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV, USDA, POB 11350, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84147 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1997 VL 28 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BH75C UT WOS:A1997BH75C00017 ER PT S AU Bernard, JM Tuttle, RW AF Bernard, JM Tuttle, RW GP INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC TI Steam corridor restoration handbook: A systems approach SO INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 28: EROSION CONTROL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ... WORKING IN HARMONY SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference 28 CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Hydro Blanket, N Amer Green, Amer Excelsior Co, Earth Sci Div AB The U. S. has 3.5 million miles of rivers. The 1992 National Water Quality Inventory of about 642,900 miles of these rivers stated that only 56 percent fully supported multiple uses including drinking water supply, fish and wildlife habitat, recreation, flood prevention and erosion control. Interest in restoring stream corridors is expanding nationally and internationally, as indicated by increasing numbers of case studies, published papers, technology exchanges, research projects and symposia. Stream corridors are increasingly recognized as critical ecosystems supporting interdependent functions and values. With this in mind, 14 federal agencies, in an unprecedented cooperative effort, are developing a handbook of stream corridor restoration planning and design technology to serve as a common reference, not only for use by federal agencies but others who are planning to restore stream corridors. This publication, to be entitled Stream Corridor Restoration Handbook, will offer a scientific perspective and emphasize least intrusive solutions that are ecologically derived and self sustaining. Chapters will address stream corridor structure and functions, planning, design, implementation, performance, evaluation, maintenance and management of restoration projects. Scheduled for release in 1998 this co-published federal document is intended to guide restoration projects in both urban and rural settings. The participating agencies are dedicated to improving the science and application of stream corridor restoration technology and transferring these techniques and approaches to all interested parties. They are producing the handbook for use by field level resource managers and technical specialists of the participating agencies, others, and the general public. Cooperative development of this handbook will enhance and encourage the sharing of expertise, resources, and facilities; make more efficient use of funds; and provide consistent information on stream corridor restoration. In addition, a cooperative effort will increase the availability of information to those restoring stream corridors and to the public in general. RP Bernard, JM (reprint author), NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV, USDA, POB 2890, ROOM 6132, WASHINGTON, DC 20012 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1997 VL 28 BP 245 EP 259 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BH75C UT WOS:A1997BH75C00023 ER PT S AU Miller, DG AF Miller, DG GP INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC TI The use of public law 83-566 for watershed management to improve water quality SO INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 28: EROSION CONTROL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ... WORKING IN HARMONY SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference 28 CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Hydro Blanket, N Amer Green, Amer Excelsior Co, Earth Sci Div AB Public Law 83-566 is a federal program that has been used primarily for flood prevention and watershed protection in Iowa since its inception in 1954. With some major changes by the public, within the Department of Agriculture and within the Natural Resources Conservation Service, we have seen changes in the evaluation, formulation and application of this program. Little Paint Creek is a PL-566 watershed in Allamakee County in extreme northeast Iowa. It is adjacent to the Mississippi River valley. The watershed is characterized by deep valleys, abundant rock outcrops, and high bluffs. Topography of the watershed ranges from gently sloping ridgetops to very steep side slopes. Cropland makes up more than half of the land use in the watershed, forest land makes up one-fourth and pastureland 13 percent. The Little Paint Creek trout fishery is a unique feature to Iowa. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources has noted that this stream gives many anglers their first trout fishing experience due to its location and easy access from large population centers. Sediment in suspension and sediment deposition is seriously impacting the trout fishery. Erosion rates on forest land and pastureland were quite high due to overgrazing by livestock. Economic justification is one of the requirements of PL-566. There was a need to evaluate water quality benefits in economic and physical terms. Trout fishing recreation benefits were the water quality measurement used for a major part of the economic justification. Little Paint Creek Watershed was approved in 1994 and is in the operations stage. Landowners have enthusiastically accepted PL-566 cost-sharing to install needed conservation measures on cropland, pastureland, and forest land. Cooperating state and federal agencies were involved in the development, formulation, and approval of the project. The cooperating interagency team approved the environmental assessment. Since this project has been approved, other funding sources have been identified and committed. Other funds are used to formulate project measures for the same area. They will further enhance the watershed resources by enhancement and protection with practices the PL-566 program didn't or couldn't install. Public Law 566 is being used to formulate project practices for water quality, land treatment, and flood prevention. Local participation is favorable to the formulation of a project for these purposes and for the expected results. RP Miller, DG (reprint author), NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV, USDA, 210 WALNUT ST, DES MOINES, IA 50309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1997 VL 28 BP 279 EP 288 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BH75C UT WOS:A1997BH75C00025 ER PT S AU Dickerson, JA Miller, CF Burgdorf, DW vanderGrinten, M AF Dickerson, JA Miller, CF Burgdorf, DW vanderGrinten, M GP INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC TI A critical analysis of plant materials needed for soil bioengineering SO INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 28: EROSION CONTROL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ... WORKING IN HARMONY SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference 28 CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Hydro Blanket, N Amer Green, Amer Excelsior Co, Earth Sci Div AB The Natural Resources Conservation Service has added soil bioengineering techniques to the resource conservation practices we utilize. The NRCS Plant Materials Program has been evaluating plant materials for their utility in soil bioengineered Systems. Two sources of materials currently are available: those harvested from local, presumably native stands, arid those purposefully grown for meeting the need. Soil bioengineering techniques are valuable because they maximize root and stem mass on site in the shortest time possible. Engineers want to utilize systems that employ tested materials with known performance parameters so that risk of failure can be estimated. Plant-based systems inherently involve greater risk than do those using structural materials, due to weather, insect, and disease influences. Plant selection and nursery production provide opportunities for improving performance and generating risk assessment procedures. Plant materials harvested from untested local sources are useful in conservation work. These provide opportunity to increase species diversity, which is another way to reduce risk. However, selected and tested cultivars have performed very well, and have provided superior growth. This ability is retained even when dormant materials are held in storage for extended periods, then used on site after local materials have broken dormancy. This has served to lengthen the planting season. A plant materials database is being assembled for use by practitioners of soil bioengineering and biotechnical slope stabilization. Data from outside the NRCS is sought to expand the listing. RP Dickerson, JA (reprint author), US NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV, USDA, GALLERIES SYRACUSE, 441 S SALINA, SUITE 354, SYRACUSE, NY 13202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1997 VL 28 BP 291 EP 300 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BH75C UT WOS:A1997BH75C00026 ER PT S AU Glennon, R Burgess, J Rupert, D AF Glennon, R Burgess, J Rupert, D GP INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC TI Bioengineering to stabilize streambank dredge spoil SO INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 28: EROSION CONTROL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ... WORKING IN HARMONY SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference 28 CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Hydro Blanket, N Amer Green, Amer Excelsior Co, Earth Sci Div AB Bioengineering techniques were used to stabilize dredge spoil placed to repair a streambank eroded by surface water from a logging road. The site was a 300-foot wide, 50-foot high 2:1 bank on the Allegheny River in Rimer, northern Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. The Glacier Sand and Gravel Company performed the dredging operation and the Armstrong County Soil Conservation District recruited volunteers from a variety of sources to establish the planting. Plant materials were supplied by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service plant materials centers in Big Flats, New York; Quicksand, Kentucky; and Cape May, New Jersey. Wattles of 'Streamco' purpleosier willow and 'Bankers' dwarf willow were planted at the bottom of the slope in three rows 2 fee t apart. Rooted cuttings of 'Streamco' purpleosier willow, 'Bankers' dwarf willow, 'Ruby' redosier dogwood, and four accessions of sandbar willow were planted in the next six rows 2 feet apart. 'Cape' American beachgrass was planted in the sixteen rows above the cuttings 2 feet apart. The wattles were bundles of 100 whips planted in continuous trenches and covered with an inch of soil. The cuttings were planted 2 feet apart in the row; the beachgrass was planted 1 foot apart in the row. The wattles produced good stands of sprouts with 14 per ft. The rooted cuttings have survived well with the sandbar willow accessions averaging 75% survival and 3 foot height after two seasons. The 'Streamco' averaged 67% and 18 inches; 'Bankers' 72% and 24 inches; and 'Ruby' 56% and 18 inches. The American beachgrass failed due to a mulch of orchardgrass shedding seed, establishing a stand of orchardgrass, and choking out the beachgrass. RP Glennon, R (reprint author), US NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV, USDA, ARMSTRONG CTY SOIL CONSERVAT DIST, ROOM 5404, FED BLDG, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1997 VL 28 BP 487 EP 491 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BH75C UT WOS:A1997BH75C00041 ER PT J AU Uri, ND Boyd, R AF Uri, ND Boyd, R TI An assessment of the aggregate impacts of the proposed reduction in the motor fuels tax in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE excise tax reductions; general equilibrium model; motor fuel tax ID PRICE AB The analysis in this paper examines the impact of reducing the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on the United States economy. The analytical approach used consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of fourteen producing sectors, fourteen consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income and the government. The effects of a 4.3 cents per gallon reduction in the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on prices and quantities are examined. The results suggest, for example, that a decrease in the tax would result in higher output by the producing sectors (by about $2.86 billion), a expansion in the consumption of goods and services (by about $3.48 billion), and an increase in welfare (by about $3.59 billion). The government would realize a decrease in revenue of about $2.37 billion. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,ROOM 428,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 417 EP 435 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WU045 UT WOS:A1997WU04500009 ER PT J AU Chinta, S Dickens, JC Baker, GT AF Chinta, S Dickens, JC Baker, GT TI Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contact chemoreception; olfaction; multiporous; uniporous; dendritic branching; nerve cell; pore canal ID CHEMORECEPTORS; COCKROACHES; PHEROMONES; ODORS AB Sensilla on the antennae of adult and last-instar nymphs of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera : Miridae), were examined with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Six different types were identified in adult females and males and 5 types in last-instar nymphs: types 1 and 4 are sensilla trichodea, 2 and 3 are sensilla chaetica, and 5 and 6 are sensilla basiconica. Type I are located at distal region of terminal segment and type 2 are located at distal regions of proximal 3 segments in both adults and nymphs. Type 3 is present on all segments, more numerous on scape and pedicel and less abundant on distal third and fourth segments in both adult and nymphal stages. Types 4 and 6 are absent on the scape and present on the distal 3 antennal segments in adults, but they are present only on the distal-most antennal segment in nymphs. Type 5 sensilla are present only on second antennal segments in adults and are absent in nymphs. Sexual dimorphism is observed in total numbers: there are significantly more type(s) 3, 4, 5 and 6 sensilla in adult males than adult females. Types I, 4 and 5 are multiporous with thin cuticle, branched dendrites and pore tubules which suggests an olfactory function. These sensilla have 3, 3 and 2 neurons, respectively. The type 6 sensillum has an apical pore and pores in the cuticular wall, and is innervated by 5 nerve cells with unbranched dendrites. Sensillar types 2 and 3 have thick cuticle, a single apical pore and nerve cells with unbranched dendrites. Type 2 has 1 neuron and type 3 has 2 chambers and 2 nerve cells. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS,USDA,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Chinta, S (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL & PLANT PATHOL,BOX 9775,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7322 J9 INT J INSECT MORPHOL JI Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0020-7322(96)00022-0 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XK374 UT WOS:A1997XK37400003 ER PT J AU Kretsch, MJ Green, MW Fong, AKH Elliman, NA Johnson, HL AF Kretsch, MJ Green, MW Fong, AKH Elliman, NA Johnson, HL TI Cognitive effects of a long-term weight reducing diet SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE obesity; diet; caloric restriction; cognitive function; simple reaction time; women ID ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; GLUCOSE ENHANCEMENT; ELDERLY HUMANS; PERFORMANCE; MEMORY; TESTS AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate if long-term caloric restriction under controlled conditions adversely affects cognitive function in obese women. SUBJECTS: Healthy, premenopausal women between 23-42 y. Dieting group: n=14. Control group: n=11. DESIGN: Longitudinal weight loss study (repeated measures within-subject design) with 3 weeks of baseline, 15 weeks of 50% caloric restriction, and 3 weeks of weight stabilization. MEASUREMENTS: Computerized cognitive function tests (sustained attention, short-term memory, simple reaction time, motor performance and attentional focus), height, body weight, body composition (TOBEC) and behavioral questionnaires (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). RESULTS: Dieting women lost 12.3+/-5.5kg (mean+/-s.d.) of body weight. Controlled long-term caloric restriction significantly slowed simple reaction time but did not diminish sustained attention, motor performance or immediate memory. Word recall performance significantly improved by 24% at the end of caloric restriction. CONCLUSIONS: The slowing of simple reaction time is a short-term and long-term consequence of caloric restriction. In contrast to previous short-term dieting studies, sustained attention and immediate memory were not impaired with long-term caloric restriction. C1 INST FOOD RES, CONSUMER SCI DEPT, READING RG6 2EF, BERKS, ENGLAND. RP Kretsch, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, POB 29997, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 32 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800353 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WB663 UT WOS:A1997WB66300003 PM 9023595 ER PT J AU Belant, JL Seamans, TW Dolbeer, RA Woronecki, PP AF Belant, JL Seamans, TW Dolbeer, RA Woronecki, PP TI Evaluation of methyl anthranilate as a woodpecker repellent SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chemical control; damage; feeding; methyl anthranilate; repellent; woodpecker AB We evaluated the effectiveness of ReJEx-iT(TM) TP-40, containing 40% methyl anthranilate (MA) for deterring woodpeckers from food and from damaging wood sidings of buildings. During December 1993-February 1994 we conducted three 2-week trials at four sites using six pairs of feeders containing untreated or TP-40-treated suet (5.0, 2.5, or 1.25% g/g). We then placed 10 (1995) and four (1996) pairs (1 each TP-40-treated and control) of boxes with wood siding containing untreated suet at seven and four sites with known woodpecker activity for 2-3 weeks to assess damage to the siding. We also applied TP-40 to woodpecker-damaged wood siding of 14 residential buildings during 1994-1996. Suet-eating birds, primarily downy woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens Linnaeus), were repelled (P<0.01) by treated suet at all concentrations compared with untreated suet. By contrast, damage (primarily by downy woodpeckers) to wood siding on untreated and TP-40-treated boxes was similar (P greater than or equal to 0.32) in both years. Also, 5 of 10 buildings treated with TP-40 received woodpecker damage in areas treated previously. We conclude that TP-40 deters woodpeckers from food but does not reduce woodpecker damage to wood siding. This difference in repellency is likely to have been a consequence of rapid degradation of TP-40 from siding (49% in 3 days) and the fact that woodpeckers do not ingest wood, which minimized their exposure to TP-40. We conclude that chemical repellents will generally be ineffective in reducing woodpecker damage to wood, and that other techniques including exclusion, frightening devices, and alternate forms of wood siding (e.g. wood composites) should be developed. C1 USDA,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1080/096708797228997 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WQ758 UT WOS:A1997WQ75800009 ER PT J AU Robinson, JM AF Robinson, JM TI Influence of daily photosynthetic photon flux density on foliar carbon metabolite levels in nitrogen-limited soybean plants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; LIGHT-DARK REGULATION; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; STARCH METABOLISM; ISOLATED-CHLOROPLASTS; GLYCINE-MAX; LEAVES; SPINACH; LEAF AB A study was undertaken to examine how the daily photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), during prolonged inorganic nitrogen (N) limitation of vegetative soybean plants, influenced the magnitude of leaf photosynthate partitioning into starch and sucrose as well as into anaplerotic products, e.g., phosphoenolpyruvate and malate. Glycine max cv. Williams plants were grown from emergence to preflowering (approximate to 27-32 d) under either N-Sufficient (N-Suff) conditions (14.5 mM NO3- plus NH4+) or N-limited (N-Lim) conditions (3.0 mM NO3- plus NH4+). N-Suff and N-Lim plants were grown from emergence in the growth chamber with daily PPFD of 500 or 750 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1). Measurement of foliar gas exchange revealed that regardless of the PPFD level, net photosynthesis (Pn) rate in mature leaflets of N-Suff plants was 1.2 times greater than those of N-Lim plants. Additionally, Pn rate in N-Suff leaflets, as well as N-Lim leaflets, was 1.4 times greater for plants grown at 750 compared with those grown at 500 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1). Regardless of the daily PPFD level, foliar stomatal conductance was higher in N-Suff compared with N-Lim leaves, but this did not appear to be a factor influenced by higher light in N-Lim plants. The shoots of N-Suff and N-Lim plants grown in the higher light accumulated approximate to 1.7 and 1.6 times more dry matter, respectively, than their counterparts grown at lower light energy. Further, both N-Suff and N-Lim plants grown at the higher light energy displayed at least two times higher root mass. In both N-Suff and N-Lim plants, higher daily PPFD, compared with lower PPFD level, resulted not only in higher starch and sucrose accumulation but also in a more rapid daily rise in malate levels and higher malate net accumulation rates. During prolonged N limitation of soybean plants in elevated PPFD, foliar starch and sucrose accumulation was predominant over anaplerotic metabolites. It was concluded that in spite of N limitation, soybean plants growing in elevated PPFD displayed a more active foliar starch and sucrose accumulation as well as a more active anaplerotic anabolism than the lower-PPFD-adapted plants, in part because the higher rate of photosynthesis supplied higher levels of carbon metabolites. RP Robinson, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,NAT RESOURCES INST,BLDG 046A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 158 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1086/297411 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WN337 UT WOS:A1997WN33700004 ER PT J AU Hackett, KJ Lipa, JJ Gasparich, GE Lynn, DE Konai, M Camp, M Whitcomb, RF AF Hackett, KJ Lipa, JJ Gasparich, GE Lynn, DE Konai, M Camp, M Whitcomb, RF TI The spiroplasma motility inhibition test, a new method for determining intraspecific variation among Colorado potato beetle spiroplasmas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA COLEOPTERA; SEROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION; GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS; GENETIC-VARIATION; CLASS MOLLICUTES; CHRYSOMELIDAE; DEFORMATION AB The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is a major holarctic pest of solanaceous crops. Presumably, this insect spread from Solanum species in central America to the Mexican plateau, and this was followed by multiple invasions of North America and Europe. Attempts are being made to control this beetle by using a genetically modified spiroplasma that occurs naturally in its gut. In the current study, spiroplasmas isolated from beetles collected in North America and Poland exhibited serologic (spiroplasma motility inhibition test) and genomic (restriction fragment length polymorphism) profiles that suggest that there were multiple spiroplasma introductions. Two serovars were identified; one is found in northern North America and at high elevations in Poland, and the other is found in southern North America and at low elevations in Poland. The patterns of genovar distribution coincide with the serovar patterns. The existence of such biovars-intraspecific taxal units reflected by serologic and genomic differences-should be taken into consideration when taxonomies are developed and strains are chosen for biocontrol. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOMETR CONSULTING SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INST PLANT PROTECT,DEPT BIOL CONTROL & QUARANTINE,PL-60318 POZNAN,POLAND. RP Hackett, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,ROOM 214,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WC106 UT WOS:A1997WC10600005 ER PT J AU Carle, P Whitcomb, RF Hackett, KJ Tully, JG Rose, DL Bove, JM Henegar, RB Konai, M Williamson, DL AF Carle, P Whitcomb, RF Hackett, KJ Tully, JG Rose, DL Bove, JM Henegar, RB Konai, M Williamson, DL TI Spiroplasma diabroticae sp nov, from the Southern Corn Rootworm Beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS SPIROPLASMA; CLASS MOLLICUTES; CLASSIFICATION; MYCOPLASMAS; DEFORMATION AB Spiroplasma strain DU-1(T) (T = type strain), which was isolated from hemolymph of the corn rootworm Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was serologically distinct from other spiroplasma species, groups, and subgroups, Cells of strain DU-1(T) were shown by light microscopy to be helical motile filaments, Electron microscopy revealed cells bounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane, with no evidence of a cell wall, The organism was not sensitive to 500 U of penicillin per ml. Strain DU-1(T) grew well in SM-1, M1D, and SP-4 liquid media, in broth supplemented with 1% bovine serum fraction or conventional horse serum, and under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, This organism did not appear to have a sterol requirement for growth, as has been reported for several other Spiroplasma species or strains, Optimal growth occurred at 32 degrees C, with a doubling time of 0.9 h; strain DU-1(T) multiplied at 10 to 41 degrees C but failed to grow at 5 or 43 degrees C, It produced acid from glucose but hydrolyzed neither arginine nor urea, The results of reciprocal serologic tests in which antigens or antisera to established Spiroplasma species, groups, subgroups, and putative groups were used indicated that strain DU-1(T) was serologically distinct, This organism has a DNA guanine-plus-cytosine content of 25 +/- 1 mol% and a genome size of 1,350 kbp, Strain DU-1(T) is a member of a cluster of fast-growing insect-associated spiroplasmas, as determined by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, On the basis of the results of this study and previously published data, strain DU-1 (= ATCC 43210) is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma diabroticae. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOL LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. NIAID,MYCOPLASMA SECT,MOL MICROBIOL LAB,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,FREDERICK,MD 21702. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WC106 UT WOS:A1997WC10600013 PM 8995806 ER PT S AU Beckman, TG Nyczepir, AP Okie, WR AF Beckman, TG Nyczepir, AP Okie, WR BE Barritt, BH Kappel, F TI The USDA-ARS stone fruit rootstock development program at Byron, Georgia SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATING CANOPY, ROOTSTOCKS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY IN ORCHARD SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS - VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstocks and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems CY JUL 17-25, 1996 CL WENATCHEE, WA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, BASF Corp, Mount Olive, NJ, British Columbia Fruit Growers Assoc, Kelowna, BC, Canada, British Columbia Tree Fruits Ltd, Kelowna, BC, Canada, C & O Nursery, Wenatchee, WA, Duckwall Pooley Fruit Co, Odell, OR, Haas Fruit Co Inc, Yakima, WA, C M Holtzinger Fruit Co Inc, Yakima, WA, Matson Fruit Co, Selah, WA, McDougall & Sons Inc, Wenatchee, WA, Orondo Fruit Co Inc, Orondo, WA, Phillippi Fruit Co Inc, Valley Tractor & Equipment Inc, Wenatchee, WA, Van Well Nursery, Wenatchee, WA, Washington Growers Clearing House, Wenatchee, WA, Willow Drive Nursery Inc, Ephrata, WA, Zirkle Fruit Co, Selah, WA DE Prunus persica; peach; plum; peach tree short life; PTSL; Armillaria spp.; Meloidogyne spp.; interstem; breeding AB The primary objectives of the USDA rootstock program at Byron, Georgia, are to develop new peach and plum rootstocks with resistance to peach tree short life (PTSL), Armillaria Root Rot (Armillaria spp.) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Significant progress has been made in the identification and development of peach rootstocks with improved resistance to PTSL. A major milestone was achieved in 1993 when USDA and Clemson researchers cooperatively released Guardian((TM)) (BY520-9) rootstock. Through seven years in field trials on severe PTSL sites, Guardian has provided significantly improved tree longevity and productivity compared to Lovell, the long-time recommended rootstock for such sites. Progress has also been made in the identification of potential sources of resistance to Armillaria Root Rot, To date, the most promising selections have been derived from germplasm incorporating native North American plum species. The first of these selections were recently advanced to commercial scale trials. Several interspecific hybrids between promising plum lines and PTSL resistant peach lines are currently undergoing testing for graft compatibility with peach scions and field trials on both PTSL and Armillaria test sites. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 111 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-919-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1997 IS 451 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK45C UT WOS:000072197900025 ER PT S AU Beckman, TG Reighard, GL Okie, WR Nyczepir, AP Zehr, EI Newall, WC AF Beckman, TG Reighard, GL Okie, WR Nyczepir, AP Zehr, EI Newall, WC BE Barritt, BH Kappel, F TI History, current status and future potential of Guardian (TM) (BY520-9) peach rootstock SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATING CANOPY, ROOTSTOCKS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY IN ORCHARD SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS - VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstocks and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems CY JUL 17-25, 1996 CL WENATCHEE, WA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, BASF Corp, Mount Olive, NJ, British Columbia Fruit Growers Assoc, Kelowna, BC, Canada, British Columbia Tree Fruits Ltd, Kelowna, BC, Canada, C & O Nursery, Wenatchee, WA, Duckwall Pooley Fruit Co, Odell, OR, Haas Fruit Co Inc, Yakima, WA, C M Holtzinger Fruit Co Inc, Yakima, WA, Matson Fruit Co, Selah, WA, McDougall & Sons Inc, Wenatchee, WA, Orondo Fruit Co Inc, Orondo, WA, Phillippi Fruit Co Inc, Valley Tractor & Equipment Inc, Wenatchee, WA, Van Well Nursery, Wenatchee, WA, Washington Growers Clearing House, Wenatchee, WA, Willow Drive Nursery Inc, Ephrata, WA, Zirkle Fruit Co, Selah, WA DE Prunus persica; peach tree short life; PTSL; Criconemella xenoplax; Meloidogyne spp.; Armillaria spp. AB In some areas of the southeastern United States average peach tree life has dropped to less than 9 years. The primary cause of premature mortality is peach tree short life (PTSL), to which trees are predisposed by the ring nematode, Criconemella xenoplax. PTSL is responsible for more than $6 million in lifetime production losses annually in South Carolina alone. Guardian((TM)) (BY520-9) peach rootstock was cooperatively released in 1993 by USDA-ARS and Clemson University researchers. Through 8 years on a severe PTSL site, Guardian has provided significantly better survival and productivity than Lovell, the currently recommended commercial rootstock for PTSL prone sites. Guardian also appears to have root-knot nematode resistance similar to Nemaguard. Guardian's pedigree traces back to a cross of Nemaguard and a seedling of S-37. This cross was part of a USDA program to develop root-knot nematode resistant rootstocks. Currently, Guardian (BY520-9) consists of bulked seed from a population of 69 siblings out of B594520-9. Testing is continuing on individual selections from this group. Guardian's unique combination of PTSL and root-knot nematode resistance makes it a candidate to replace both Lovell and Nemaguard rootstocks, currently the two most widely utilized rootstocks in the southeastern United States. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 111 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-919-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1997 IS 451 BP 251 EP 258 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK45C UT WOS:000072197900027 ER PT B AU Camp, CR Sadler, EJ AF Camp, CR Sadler, EJ GP IA IA TI Capabilities of a center pivot irrigation system for precision management of water and nutrients SO IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Irrigation-Association Technical Conference CY NOV 02-04, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Irrigat Assoc AB Research suggests that spatial yield variability for the southeastern Coastal Plain may be caused primarily by water relations. This causes difficulties in scheduling irrigation for conventional center pivot irrigation systems, which are not capable of applying variable depths of water to small areas of variation within the total system. Thus, the objectives of this work were to design and construct a site-specific center pivot irrigation system that could independently apply variable rates of water and chemicals to 900-ft(2) areas within the irrigation system. A commercial center pivot system was modified by adding three 30-ft manifolds in each of 13 segments along the truss. Nozzles were spaced 5 ft apart along each manifold, and both manifolds and nozzles were sized to provide 1/7, 2/7, and 4/7 of a base application depth at a given tower speed. All combinations of the three manifolds provided eight depths (from 0 to 0.5 in, in 0.07-in. increments) when the outer tower traveled at 50% of full speed. A programmable, computer-controlled management system obtained the positional data from the center pivot controller and switched the appropriate valves to obtain the application rate desired. During 1995-97, the system applied water and N fertilizer in a fixed-boundary field experiment. Initial measurements and observations of water and N-fertilizer application uniformities were acceptable. A second center pivot system is being modified for site-specific water, nutrient, and pesticide management on a field with soil variation (irregular boundaries) typical of the Coastal Plain. C1 USDA ARS, Coast Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Camp, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coast Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IRRIGATION ASSOC PI SILVER SPRING PA 13975 CONNECTICUT AVE, SILVER SPRING, MD 20906 USA PY 1997 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BM67D UT WOS:000079414700033 ER PT B AU Atalla, RH AF Atalla, RH GP CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TI Toward a more comprehensive model of the assembly of wood cell walls SO ISWPC - 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOOD AND PULPING CHEMISTRY - ORAL PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry (9th ISWPC) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Canadian Pulp & Paper Assoc, Tech Sect, Canadian Soc Chem, China Tech Assoc Paper Ind, EUCEPA, Japan TAPPI, Paprican, TAPPI, Tech Assoc Austr & New Zealand Pulp & Paper Assoc AB Studies of molecular organization in wood cell walls point to significant coupling between the tertiary structures of all three major constituents of the wall in native tissue. It is clear that the hemicellulose are intimately involved in the aggregation of cellulose, and the hemicelluloses, together with cellulose, have a significant influence on the structure of lignin. Yet these patterns of correlation in organization at the nanoscale level are not addressed within the framework of the paradigm associated with the biogenesis of plant cell walls. The biogenesis of the polysaccharides has historically been examined in the context of primary cell wall formation, while the formation of lignin has been more systematically examined in relation to lignification of secondary walls. The work to be reported represents an effort to develop a broader paradigm for cell wail biogenesis which is applicable to both primary and secondary wall development. The key departure from accepted models is the suggestion that all aspects of cell wall tertiary structure, including the pattern of lignification, are under control of intracellular processes, and that the hemicelluloses function as the key carriers of information for regulation of both the aggregation of cellulose and the structural patterns of lignin. RP Atalla, RH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA SUN LIFE BLDG, 23RD FLOOR, 1155 METCALFE ST, MONTREAL PQ H3B 2X9, CANADA BN 1-896742-14-9 PY 1997 BP E41 EP E44 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BJ19P UT WOS:A1997BJ19P00029 ER PT B AU Hatfield, R Grabber, J Ralph, J Brei, K AF Hatfield, R Grabber, J Ralph, J Brei, K GP CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TI Using the acetyl bromide assay to determine lignin concentrations in herbaceous plants: Some cautionary notes SO ISWPC - 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOOD AND PULPING CHEMISTRY - ORAL PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry (9th ISWPC) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Canadian Pulp & Paper Assoc, Tech Sect, Canadian Soc Chem, China Tech Assoc Paper Ind, EUCEPA, Japan TAPPI, Paprican, TAPPI, Tech Assoc Austr & New Zealand Pulp & Paper Assoc AB The acetyl bromide method was developed to provide a rapid and sensitive method for quantifying lignin in wood species. The original procedure cautioned against prolonged reaction times and advised keeping the reaction temperature at 70 degrees C to prevent excessive carbohydrate degradation that would skew the absorption spectra. We have found that xylans, a prominent group within all plants, are easily degraded by the acetyl bromide reagent resulting in increased absorbance in the 270 to 280 nm region. The degradation of xylans is dependent upon temperature and is exacerbated by the addition of catalytic amounts of perchloric acid. Degradation of the xylans is minimized by lowering the reaction temperature to 50 degrees C and increasing the reaction time to 2 h to 4 h for complete lignin solubilization. RP Hatfield, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA SUN LIFE BLDG, 23RD FLOOR, 1155 METCALFE ST, MONTREAL PQ H3B 2X9, CANADA BN 1-896742-14-9 PY 1997 BP E11 EP E14 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BJ19P UT WOS:A1997BJ19P00026 ER PT B AU Agarwal, UP AF Agarwal, UP GP CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TI Assignment of the photoyellowing related 1675 CM-1 Raman/IR band and its implication to the mechanism of color reversion in mechanical pulps SO ISWPC - 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOOD AND PULPING CHEMISTRY - ORAL PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry (9th ISWPC) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Canadian Pulp & Paper Assoc, Tech Sect, Canadian Soc Chem, China Tech Assoc Paper Ind, EUCEPA, Japan TAPPI, Paprican, TAPPI, Tech Assoc Austr & New Zealand Pulp & Paper Assoc AB Understanding photoyellowing of lignin-rich mechanical-pulps continues to be a challenging problem. Recently, using FT Raman and FT IR spectroscopies, a new band likely to have arisen from the yellow chromophores in photoexposed thermomechanical pulps (TMPs) was detected at 1675 cm(-1). On the basis of additional spectroscopic studies that involved some o- and p-quinone models and Fremy's salt oxidized TMP, the 1675 cm(-1) band is assigned to the p-quinone functional group. Moreover, the photoyellowing behavior of 2-methoxy p-hydroquinone in the presence of known yellowing inhibitors was similar to that of TMPs. Another important finding was the fact that the molecular oxygen sensitivity of the laser induced fluorescence (excited at 514.5 nm) of p-quinone and p-hydroquinone models was similar to what had been previously observed for yellowed and unyellowed TMPs. Taken together, these results provide strong support to a previously suggested yellowing hypothesis in which p-hydroquinone/p-quinone couple was seen as an important leucochromophore/chromophore system in mechanical pulps. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA SUN LIFE BLDG, 23RD FLOOR, 1155 METCALFE ST, MONTREAL PQ H3B 2X9, CANADA BN 1-896742-14-9 PY 1997 BP K41 EP K44 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BJ19P UT WOS:A1997BJ19P00063 ER PT B AU Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Lu, FC Ralph, J GP CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TI THE ''DFRC'' method for lignin analysis. Protocol for analysis of DFRC monomers. SO ISWPC - 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOOD AND PULPING CHEMISTRY - ORAL PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry (9th ISWPC) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Canadian Pulp & Paper Assoc, Tech Sect, Canadian Soc Chem, China Tech Assoc Paper Ind, EUCEPA, Japan TAPPI, Paprican, TAPPI, Tech Assoc Austr & New Zealand Pulp & Paper Assoc AB A new method for selective and efficient cleavage of arylglycerol-beta-aryl (beta-O-4) ether linkages in lignins is introduced. The term ''DFRC'' relates to the reactions involved, Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage. Derivatization, accompanied by cell wall solubilization, is accomplished with acetyl bromide (AcBr); reductive cleavage of resulting beta-bromoethers utilizes zinc in an acidic medium. Following acetylation, degradation monomers (4-acetoxycinnamyl acetates) are quantified by GC, providing data analogous to those from analytical thioacidolysis. RP Lu, FC (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,USDA,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA SUN LIFE BLDG, 23RD FLOOR, 1155 METCALFE ST, MONTREAL PQ H3B 2X9, CANADA BN 1-896742-14-9 PY 1997 BP L31 EP L34 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BJ19P UT WOS:A1997BJ19P00067 ER PT B AU Ralph, J AF Ralph, J GP CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TI Recent advances in characterizing ''non-traditional'' lignins SO ISWPC - 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOOD AND PULPING CHEMISTRY - ORAL PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry (9th ISWPC) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Canadian Pulp & Paper Assoc, Tech Sect, Canadian Soc Chem, China Tech Assoc Paper Ind, EUCEPA, Japan TAPPI, Paprican, TAPPI, Tech Assoc Austr & New Zealand Pulp & Paper Assoc AB Although lignins are traditionally thought of as polymers of hydroxycinnamyl alcohol monomers, they contain other components and can incorporate a rather large variety of non-traditional monomers. Ferulates actively incorporate (by radical processes) into lignin of grasses and possibly legumes. Lignins are frequently acylated by acetate or p-coumarate; such acylation implicates the incorporation of acylated lignin monomers. When key enzymes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway are missing in natural mutants or by the application of genetic antisense technologies, plant responses can be surprising. A natural CAD-deficient mutant of pine incorporates higher amounts of the normal aldehyde components, and produces a lignin with dihydroconiferyl alcohol as the major component. CAD suppression using antisense constructs also produces higher amounts of aldehydes that are incorporated into tobacco lignin. Both CAD mutants also incorporate substantial amounts of new 2-methoxybenzaldehydes. CCR suppression in tobacco apparently backs up the biosynthetic pathway and p-coumaryl units are strongly enhanced while syringyl units are essentially unaffected. New saturated sidechain species also become incorporated. The established biosynthetic pathway does not account for many of these structures. The altered subunit compositions of the lignins from mutant pine and tobacco lie far outside compositional limits observed for lignins to date. incorporation of novel monomers into lignin is also inconsistent with a high level of enzymatic specificity. These results argue for unexpected flexibility in the ability of a plant to produce a functional lignin polymer from alternative subunits. This plasticity affords us enormous potential to modify lignin toward our own ends. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA SUN LIFE BLDG, 23RD FLOOR, 1155 METCALFE ST, MONTREAL PQ H3B 2X9, CANADA BN 1-896742-14-9 PY 1997 BP PL21 EP PL27 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BJ19P UT WOS:A1997BJ19P00002 ER PT B AU Agarwal, UP Ralph, SA Atalla, RH AF Agarwal, UP Ralph, SA Atalla, RH GP CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TI FT Raman spectroscopic study of softwood lignin SO ISWPC - 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOOD AND PULPING CHEMISTRY - POSTER PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry (9th ISWPC) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Canadian Pulp & Paper Assoc, Tech Sect, Canadian Soc Chem, China Tech Assoc Paper Ind, EUCEPA, Japan TAPPI, Paprican, TAPPI, Tech Assoc Austr & New Zealand Pulp & Paper Assoc AB FT Raman spectroscopy is being increasingly applied in studies of wood and other lignocellulosic materials. To develop FT Raman as an analytical tool, spectra of such materials need to be interpreted and understood. To accomplish this objective, the contribution of each of the material-components to the Raman spectrum needs to be identified and, for a given component, spectral features need to be interpreted in terms of its various chemical groups and/or structural units. In the case of black spruce, the contribution of lignin was identified by using the spectra of milled wood, enzyme, and native lignins (the latter was obtained by subtracting the spectrum of acid chlorite delignified wood from the spectrum of extractives free wood). Moreover, information gleaned from the spectra of lignin model compounds and chemically modified wood, mechanical pulps, and milled wood lignin was used in the band assignment work. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA SUN LIFE BLDG, 23RD FLOOR, 1155 METCALFE ST, MONTREAL PQ H3B 2X9, CANADA BN 1-896742-15-7 PY 1997 BP 81 EP 84 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BJ19Q UT WOS:A1997BJ19Q00007 ER PT B AU Landucci, L AF Landucci, L GP CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TI Novel dehydropolymers (DHPs) from p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols and metal salt oxidants SO ISWPC - 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOOD AND PULPING CHEMISTRY - POSTER PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry (9th ISWPC) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Canadian Pulp & Paper Assoc, Tech Sect, Canadian Soc Chem, China Tech Assoc Paper Ind, EUCEPA, Japan TAPPI, Paprican, TAPPI, Tech Assoc Austr & New Zealand Pulp & Paper Assoc AB Dehydropolymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols with metal salt oxidants resulted in several novel DHPs. A DHP prepared by treatment of coniferyl alcohol with Mn+3 was found to more closely approximate the structure of pine milled wood lignin than DHPs produced by enzymic techniques. The C-13 NMR spectrum confirmed that the novel DHP contained very similar abundances of beta-O-4, beta-5, and beta-beta linkages as a pine MWL. Other novel DHPs prepared by the metal oxidant technique include: one almost completely devoid of free phenolic groups; one with almost all of the benzylic positions etherified (alpha-O-4/beta-O-4); and one enriched with coniferaldehyde sidechains. RP Landucci, L (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA SUN LIFE BLDG, 23RD FLOOR, 1155 METCALFE ST, MONTREAL PQ H3B 2X9, CANADA BN 1-896742-15-7 PY 1997 BP 541 EP 544 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BJ19Q UT WOS:A1997BJ19Q00049 ER PT B AU Ralph, S Landucci, L AF Ralph, S Landucci, L GP CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TI Novel lignin models prepared using metal salt reactions SO ISWPC - 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOOD AND PULPING CHEMISTRY - POSTER PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry (9th ISWPC) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Canadian Pulp & Paper Assoc, Tech Sect, Canadian Soc Chem, China Tech Assoc Paper Ind, EUCEPA, Japan TAPPI, Paprican, TAPPI, Tech Assoc Austr & New Zealand Pulp & Paper Assoc AB Detailed NMR chemical shift assignments for lignin and dehydropolymers demand precise and complex models as reference data. A series of dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric lignin model compounds, comprising different linkage and monomer types, were prepared by novel techniques utilizing metal salt oxidants. Model compounds representing guaiacyl, syringyl, or p-hydroxyphenyl entities in lignin were prepared by oxidation of a p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol in the presence of monomeric or dimeric phenols. Some of the target compounds could be obtained in relatively high yield from a ''one-pot'' reaction. RP Ralph, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA SUN LIFE BLDG, 23RD FLOOR, 1155 METCALFE ST, MONTREAL PQ H3B 2X9, CANADA BN 1-896742-15-7 PY 1997 BP 931 EP 933 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BJ19Q UT WOS:A1997BJ19Q00082 ER PT J AU King, JW CygnarowiczProvost, M Favati, F AF King, JW CygnarowiczProvost, M Favati, F TI Supercritical fluid extraction of evening primrose oil kinetic and mass transfer effects SO ITALIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE evening primrose; extraction; kinetics; mass transfer; oilseed; supercritical fluid ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOYBEAN OIL; CO2; SEED; SOLUBILITIES; LIQUID AB For processing utilization, supercritical fluid extraction requires a thorough understanding of the relevant phase equilibria, mass balance, and kinetic factors that impact on the successful recovery of extracts. In this study, we have determined the factors contributing to the kinetics and mass transfer of evening primrose oil (EPO) from its ground seed matrix, to supplement previously determined solubility data and chemical characterization of this oil moiety, The effect of ex-traction pressure, temperature, fluid density, and flow rate (over a threefold range) have been ascertained; the flow rate effect being correlated in terms of the extracted seed mass and similar data from the literature performed on a pilot and production plant scale, Using a dual mass transfer model, we have correlated the theory with extraction experiments conducted over a pressure range from 20-70 MPa, temperatures from 40 degrees-60 degrees C, and carbon dioxide now rates in the interval from 9-27 g/min. The agreement between the model calculations and experimental data is excellent allowing potential use of the data in process design. C1 US FDA,OFF DEVICE EVALUAT,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV BASILICATA,DIPARTIMENTO BIOL DBAF,I-85100 POTENZA,ITALY. RP King, JW (reprint author), ARS,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Favati, Fabio/J-1601-2012 NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHIRIOTTI EDITORI PI PINEROLO PA PO BOX 66, 10064 PINEROLO, ITALY SN 1120-1770 J9 ITAL J FOOD SCI JI Ital. J. Food Sci. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 193 EP 204 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YA118 UT WOS:A1997YA11800003 ER PT J AU Tamura, T Mizuno, Y Johnston, KE Jacob, RA AF Tamura, T Mizuno, Y Johnston, KE Jacob, RA TI Food folate assay with protease, alpha-amylase, and folate conjugase treatments SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE food folate; folate conjugase; protease; alpha-amylase ID AVAILABILITY; EXTRACTION; POPULATION AB We evaluated the effect of protease, alpha-amylase, and folate conjugase treatments on apparent folate content in four food composites designed to be low in folate (31.2 mu g/day calculated according to previously published food folate tables) for the determination of folate requirements in humans. Protease and alpha-amylase treatments were performed for 16 and 4 h, respectively, at pH 4.1 and chicken pancreas folate conjugase (FC) for 3 h at 37 degrees C. Folate was determined by microbiological assay using the Lactobacillus casei method. Mean folate content in these menus was 56 mu g/day after treatment with FC alone. However, means were 90 mu g/day with protease and FC, 126 mu g/day with alpha-amylase and FC, and 152 mu g/day with alpha-amylase, protease, and FC treatments. Tri-enzyme treatment appears to be essential to determine food folate content accurately. Food folate tables should be revised using these enzyme treatments to accurately establish the dietary folate requirements in humans. C1 USDA,ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP Tamura, T (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT NUTR SCI,218 WEBB BLDG,UAB STN,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294, USA. NR 29 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1021/jf960497p PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD696 UT WOS:A1997WD69600024 ER PT J AU Windham, WR Kays, SE Barton, FE AF Windham, WR Kays, SE Barton, FE TI Effect of cereal product residual moisture content on total dietary fiber determined by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dietary fiber; near-infrared spectroscopy; moisture ID SPECTRA; CALIBRATION AB Published studies on the applications of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to the analysis of fiber in forages, feeds, grains, and cereal products indicate the presence of O-H absorbance, due to sample moisture content, in the calibration models. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which residual moisture in samples interferes with the ability of NIRS to predict total dietary fiber (TDF) in cereal products and grains. Milled cereal products and grains were stored in 20%, 60%, and 80% experimental relative humidity (rh) environments and a vacuum oven. Samples (N = 143) were analyzed for moisture and predicted for TDF. Results showed significant differences between laboratory reference TDF and predicted TDF for samples that were either very low or very high in moisture. Cereal products and grain samples stored under ambient conditions (N = 90) were combined with selected samples stared under different rh environments (N = 53) to develop a new calibration using partial least squares regression. The standard error of cross validation and multiple coefficient of determination (R(2)) were 1.85% and 0.98, respectively. The model was validated with an independent set of cereal products (N = 29) stored under ambient and rh environments. Samples stored under ambient and rh environments were predicted with standard errors of performance of 1.70% and 1.86%, respectively. The study shows that NIRS can be used to predict TDF in cereal products and grains with a wide range of residual moistures when calibrations include the range of residual moisture expected. RP Windham, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1021/jf960385y PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD696 UT WOS:A1997WD69600025 ER PT J AU Argauer, RJ Eller, KI Pfeil, RM Brown, RT AF Argauer, RJ Eller, KI Pfeil, RM Brown, RT TI Determining ten synthetic pyrethroids in lettuce and ground meat by using ion-trap mass spectrometry and electron-capture gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SFE; insecticides; meat; fat; ion-trap ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; FENVALERATE INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; BY-PRODUCTS; PESTICIDES AB Conventional extraction procedures with acetonitrile were compared with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2 for determining 10 pyrethroids in fortified lettuce and meat samples. Because SFE utilized a minimal cleanup procedure, nonvolatiles may accumulate on the capillary column in both the gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-ITMS) and electron capture (EC) detection modes shortening the lifetime of the columns after multiple injections. The GC-ITMS method proved satisfactory for analysis of lettuce whereas EC-GC proved more suitable for residue analysis of meat samples. Improvements in multiresidue methods for monitoring of synthetic pyrethroids in raw agricultural commodities should aid in registration and reregistration activities. RP Argauer, RJ (reprint author), ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1021/jf960121b PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD696 UT WOS:A1997WD69600034 ER PT J AU Schatzki, TF Pan, J AF Schatzki, TF Pan, J TI Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios .4. Distribution in small pistachios SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pistachios; smalls; scalpers; nut weight; aflatoxin; early splits ID NUTS AB The anatoxin concentration of small, unsorted pistachio ''scalpers'' has been measured as a function of nut weight (0.4-0.7 g/nut) for nuts from the 1992-1994 crops for one particular processor. No clear size dependence was noted, but these scalpers were found to have a weight average anatoxin level around 8 ng/g, 5-7 times that of unsorted, unsized nuts. Results suggest a distinct difference in sorting for such scalpers between processors, the first time such difference has been verified. RP Schatzki, TF (reprint author), ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 205 EP 207 DI 10.1021/jf960438b PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD696 UT WOS:A1997WD69600039 ER PT J AU Fan, X Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK Patterson, ME AF Fan, X Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK Patterson, ME TI Effect of methyl jasmonate on ethylene and volatile production by summerred apples depends on fruit developmental stage SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE apple fruit; ripening; volatiles; methyl jasmonate ID TOMATO FRUITS; ABSCISIC-ACID; STORAGE; ARABIDOPSIS; MATURITY; EMBRYOS AB Pre- and postclimacteric Summerred apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were exposed for 12 h to a low concentration of atmospheric methyl jasmonate. Ethylene and volatile production were measured at harvest and through 15 days at 20 degrees C after treatment. Responses to methyl jasmonate treatment depended on the stage of fruit development. Methyl jasmonate stimulated ethylene, ester, alcohol, and acetic acid production in preclimacteric fruits, while little or no response was elicited from postclimacteric fruits. Ketone and aldehyde emissions were not affected by methyl jasmonate regardless of developmental stage. C1 ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,USDA,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 24 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1021/jf9603846 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD696 UT WOS:A1997WD69600040 ER PT J AU Mattheis, JP Buchanan, DA Fellman, JK AF Mattheis, JP Buchanan, DA Fellman, JK TI Volatile constituents of bing sweet cherry fruit following controlled atmosphere storage SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sweet cherries; controlled atmosphere storage; volatiles; esters; alcohols; aldehydes ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERES; GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; POST-HARVEST QUALITY; PRUNUS-CERASUS L; ANAEROBIC NITROGEN; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; AROMA VOLATILES; BARTLETT PEARS; O-2 AB Volatile constituents of Bing sweet cherry fruit were analyzed by purge and trap sampling from fruit homogenates at harvest and after air or controlled atmosphere storage. Acetic acid and aldehydes were quantitatively the largest volatile compounds present at harvest. Changes during storage in the concentrations of three compounds previously identified as contributors to sweet cherry fruit flavor, benzaldehyde, E-2-hexenal, and hexanal, were independent of storage conditions. Ethanol accumulated in fruit stored in 15 or 20% CO2 with 5% O-2 after 6 weeks of storage. Qualitative and quantitative changes in ester production, particularly ethyl acetate, were coincident with the accumulation of ethanol. 2-Propanol concentrations were consistently highest in fruit stored in 5% O-2 with 0.1% CO2. Some qualitative changes in volatile production after 4 weeks of storage were unrelated to storage conditions and may reflect metabolic changes occurring during sweet cherry senescence. A number of esters were not detectable after 4 weeks of storage, and several compounds, including butanal, 2-butanone, and pentyl acetate, were only detected after 4 weeks of storage. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,USDA,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1021/jf960234v PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD696 UT WOS:A1997WD69600041 ER PT J AU Widstrom, NW Flath, RA Loesch, PJ AF Widstrom, NW Flath, RA Loesch, PJ TI Chemical and genetic attributes of a maize-silk olfactory trait SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corn; Zea mays L; corn earworm; Helicoverpa tea (Boddie); aroma; headspace volatiles ID EAR WORM ATTRACTANTS; CORN; VOLATILES AB A maize inbred extracted from an Iowa synthetic (''BSBB'') produces silks with an odor that is easily detectable by most humans. The inbred did not demonstrate greater field resistance to ear-feeding by insects than sister Lines from the same synthetic. The odorous trait was determined to be inherited as a recessive trait but could not be positively associated with a single gene when the odorous line was crossed with unrelated normal lines. Failure to produce a single-gene Mendelian ratio for F2 and backcross generations was attributed to errors in classification for a subjectively evaluated trait and the seeming incomplete penetrance of the trait, possibly due to the presence of modifying genes. Eleven compounds that differed from those obtained from nonodorous sister lines were separated and identified by headspace trapping and analysis by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. A five-member panel clearly identified the odorous compound as indole. C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. ARS,USDA,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Widstrom, NW (reprint author), ARS,USDA,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31794, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1021/jf960403b PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD696 UT WOS:A1997WD69600042 ER PT J AU Chortyk, OT Kays, SJ Teng, Q AF Chortyk, OT Kays, SJ Teng, Q TI Characterization of insecticidal sugar esters of Petunia SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glucose esters; sucrose esters; Petunia; structures; whitefly pesticides; chromatography; NMR; GC/MS ID 2,3,4,3'-TETRA-O-ACYLATED SUCROSE ESTERS; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; CUTICULAR COMPONENTS; NICOTIANA-GOSSEI; LIPIDS AB The recent finding that leaf surface glycolipids of Petunia x hybrida Hort. plants possess insecticidal activity against sweetpotato whiteflies prompted a search for the specific compounds responsible for this biological activity. Successive liquid chromatographic fractionations of an extract of cuticular chemicals of Petunia plants yielded distinct fractions of two glucose esters and four sucrose esters. These different structural types of sugar esters were identified to be 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha- + beta-D-glucopyranose, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acyl-alpha- + beta-D-glucopyranose, 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside, 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(6'-O-acetyl)-beta-D-fructofuranoside 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside, and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(6'-O-acetyl)-beta-D-fructofuranoside, where the major acyl constituents were 2-methylbutyryl, hexanoyl, 4-methylvaleryl, and heptanoyl groups. Bioassays of the individual sugar esters against adult sweetpotato whiteflies revealed that the majority of the activity was produced by tri- and tetra- substituted sucrose esters, while highly substituted sucrose or glucose esters were weakly toxic or completely inactive. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Chortyk, OT (reprint author), ARS,RB RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,NAT PROD UTILIZAT RES UNIT,USDA,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1021/jf960322f PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD696 UT WOS:A1997WD69600052 ER PT J AU Locke, MA Gaston, LA Zablotowicz, RM AF Locke, MA Gaston, LA Zablotowicz, RM TI Acifluorfen sorption and sorption kinetics in soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE herbicide; acifluorfen; diphenyl ether; sorption; organic carbon; tillage ID HERBICIDE ACIFLUORFEN; BINDING ABILITY; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; DEGRADATION; PENETRATION; SODIUM AB Factors which influence kinetics of sorption for acifluorfen, a postemergence herbicide, in soil were evaluated. Twelve soils of varying characteristics were used in this study. Sorption kinetics experiments with 5.86 mu M C-14-labeled (19.6 Bq mL(-1)) acifluorfen were conducted for equilibration times up to 96 h. Sorption was rapid for all soils, and most soils reached a pseudo-equilibrium after 24-48 h of equilibration. Apparent sorption increased at later times, possibly reflecting sorption of acifluorfen or metabolites, since acifluorfen is subject to biotransformation. Further investigation comparing sorption at 4 and 25 degrees C indicated that microbial metabolism was occurring for some soils at equilibration times longer than 24-48 h. Aminoacifluorfen was observed in methanol extracts of soils equilibrated 96 h. Soils were equilibrated for 24 h with C-14-labeled acifluorfen (2.6-65.8 mu M, 19.5 Bq mL(-1)) to obtain sorption isotherms. Capacity for acifluorfen sorption in these soils generally increased with increasing soil organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, and soil acidity. RP Locke, MA (reprint author), ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,USDA,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1021/jf960240r PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WD696 UT WOS:A1997WD69600055 ER PT J AU Mitchell, ER Kehat, M Tingle, FC McLaughlin, JR AF Mitchell, ER Kehat, M Tingle, FC McLaughlin, JR TI Suppression of mating by beet armyworm (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) in cotton with pheromone SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; mating disruption; Cotesia marginiventris; pheromone ID SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; FEMALES; MALES; MOTH AB Two cotton fields of 14.1 and 15 ha, respectively, received a single treatment of Yoto-con-S(R) twist-tie rope dispensers containing a 70:30 blend of (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, two components of the sex pheromone of the female beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). The rope dispensers, each containing 160 mg of total pheromone blend, were applied at the rate of 1,000 units/ha when the cotton was in the 8-10 leaf stage. The pheromone treatments suppressed trap captures of male beet armyworm moths and mating by sentinel female moths for >100 d. On average, fewer beet armyworm egg masses (57%) and larvae (95%) were recorded in the pheromone-treated fields compared with the control field. These results suggest that pheromone can be used to protect cotton from a strong flying insect like beet armyworm, even in relatively small fields. RP Mitchell, ER (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA WG794 UT WOS:A1997WG79400002 ER PT J AU Davey, RB Ahrens, EH George, JE AF Davey, RB Ahrens, EH George, JE TI Comparative effectiveness of coumaphos treatments applied by different methods for the control of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dipping vat; spray-dip; spray; Boophilus microplus; acaricide treatment methods; coumaphos; cattle tick ID CATTLE; AMITRAZ; SPRAYS AB Effectiveness of coumaphos applied by three different treatment methods (dipping vat, spray-dip, and power spray) to cattle infested with parasitic stages (adult, nymphal, and larval) of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) was studied. Both the number of ticks per calf and the index of reproduction (IR) of engorged females recovered from untreated calves were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than from treated calves, regardless of the developmental stage of the ticks or the method of applying the acaricide, indicating that coumaphos had a dramatic adverse effect on ticks. When adult ticks were subjected to the dipping vat method of treatment, both the number of females recovered (54 ticks/calf) and the IR (0.0) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of adult ticks subjected to spray-dip (146 ticks/calf; IR = 118,253) or power spray treatments (199 ticks/calf; IR = 289,198). The trend was repeated in ticks that were in the nymphal stage at the time of treatment, indicating that the dipping vat method (1 tick/calf; IR = 0.0) was more effective than either the spray-dip (54 ticks/calf; IR = 38,014) or power spray treatments (96 ticks/calf; IR = 115,945). Likewise, the dipping vat method was more effective (0 ticks/calf; IR = 0.0) than the spray-dip (23 ticks/calf IR = 7,426) or the power spray (57 ticks/calf; IR = 23,848) when ticks were in the larval stage of development at the time treatments were applied. Although all three treatment methods were successful, the dipping vat method reduced tick numbers and reproduction more effectively than spray-dip or power spray. Because the objective of any eradication program is the complete elimination of ticks, treatment in a dipping vat would be the most desirable method. RP Davey, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,POB 969,MISSION,TX 78572, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA WG794 UT WOS:A1997WG79400004 ER PT J AU Sotomayor-Rios, A Torres-Cardona, S Quiles-Belen, A Hanna, W AF Sotomayor-Rios, A Torres-Cardona, S Quiles-Belen, A Hanna, W TI Agronomic comparison of dwarf and tall napiergrass in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE Pennisetum purpureum; cutting intervals; dry matter yield; crude protein yield; crude protein concentration ID REGISTRATION AB Two tall and four dwarf napiergrasses (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) were evaluated at three cutting intervals (CI) and at two locations. Overall dry matter yield (DMY) means of Merkeron and Merker (tall grasses) at the 45-, 65-, and 85-d CI (37.5, 48.8 and 52.8 t/ha/yr, respectively) were significantly higher (P = 0.05) than those of the dwarf grasses. Average DMY of the grasses increased 15% (P = 0.05) from the 45- to the 65-d CI. Overall mean crude protein concentration (CPC) of N75 and N127 (dwarf) at the 45- and 65-d CI surpassed (P = 0.05) those of the tall and most of the other dwarf grasses. In most instances the crude protein yield (CPY) of Merkeron and Merker exceeded (P = 0.05) those of the dwarf grasses. Merkeron and Merker plant heights (P = 0.05) were greater at all three cutting intervals. N75 (45-d CI), and N75 and N127 (65- and 85-d CI) had superior (P = 0.05) mean leaf:stem ratios. No difference (P = 0.05) in terms of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were observed among the six Pennisetums. The results of this study suggest that Merkeron and Merker could be recommended for use under cutting management and the dwarf grasses, especially N75 and N128, for grazing. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Sotomayor-Rios, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA YM310 UT WOS:000071050800002 ER PT J AU Valencia, E Sotomayor-Rios, A Torres-Cardona, S AF Valencia, E Sotomayor-Rios, A Torres-Cardona, S TI Establishment and effect of cutting interval on yield and nutritive value of Rhizoma perennial peanut in northwestern Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE Arachis glabrata; rhizoma perennial peanut; cutting interval ID GROWTH ANALYSIS AB Ten accessions and two commercial varieties of rhizoma perennial peanut (RPP) (Arachis glabrata Benth.) were evaluated at the Isabela ARS farm in 1991-92 to determine percentage of ground cover (PGC), green forage yield (GPI), dry matter yield (DMY), rhizome fresh yield (RFY), and effects of 6- and 12-wk cutting intervals (CI) on DMY, crude protein concentration (CPC), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). After 36 weeks of growth, no significant differences (P = 0.05) were detected in PGC, GFY, DMY, and RFY among the eight, five, seven, and five most productive RPP, respectively. The DMY/harvest of 17095 and 17097 (2,712 and 2,859 kg/ha) was superior (P = 0.05) at the 6-wk CI; and that of 'Florigraze', 17095 and 17097 (4,052; 4,148 and 4,747 kg/ha) at the 12-wk CI, respectively. There were no differences in CPC among the six and nine RPP with higher values at the two CI and in IVDMD among the seven RPP with higher values at the 6-wk CI, while 17039 and 17044 were superior (P = 0.05) at the 12-wk CI. Accession 17097 showed the greatest overall potential with an extrapolated annual DMY of about 25 and 21 t/ha, CPC of 192 and 155 g/kg, and IVDMD of 587 and 544 g/kg at the two CI, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, STARS, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Valencia, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, STARS, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA YM310 UT WOS:000071050800003 ER PT J AU Finkelman, FD Swisher, R Orekhova, T Urban, JR Morris, SC AF Finkelman, FD Swisher, R Orekhova, T Urban, JR Morris, SC TI Local, but not systemic, IL-4 induces pulmonary eosinophilia in both ''high'' and ''low'' responder mouse strains. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DIV IMMUNOL,CINCINNATI,OH. VAMC,CINCINNATI,OH. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 999 EP 999 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14200996 ER PT J AU Czuprynski, CJ Yu, PW Schuler, LA Pelan, L Nonnecke, BJ Kehrli, M AF Czuprynski, CJ Yu, PW Schuler, LA Pelan, L Nonnecke, BJ Kehrli, M TI In vitro and in vivo regulation of IL-1 receptor mRNA in bovine leukocytes. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH VET MED,MADISON,WI 53706. ARS,USDA,NADC,AMES,IA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1184 EP 1184 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201181 ER PT J AU Greenwald, R Halvorson, M Lu, P Zhou, XD Chen, SJ Madden, KB Morris, SC Linsley, PS Finkelman, FD Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Greenwald, R Halvorson, M Lu, P Zhou, XD Chen, SJ Madden, KB Morris, SC Linsley, PS Finkelman, FD Urban, JF Gause, WC TI The role of CD28/B7 interactions in the development of an in vivo type 2 immune response. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USUHS,BETHESDA,MD. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB,SEATTLE,WA. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1539 EP 1539 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201534 ER PT J AU Sipes, KM Edens, H Kehrli, M Cutler, JE Miettinen, HM Jutila, MA Quinn, MT AF Sipes, KM Edens, H Kehrli, M Cutler, JE Miettinen, HM Jutila, MA Quinn, MT TI Enhanced NADPH oxidase activity in neutrophils isolated from cattle with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1861 EP 1861 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201855 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TG Ferrell, CL AF Jenkins, TG Ferrell, CL TI Changes in proportions of empty body depots and constituents for nine breeds of cattle under various feed availabilities SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body composition; cows; maturity; reference weight ID NONLACTATING COWS; MATURE COWS; WEIGHT; SIZE; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPONENTS; HEREFORD; TISSUES; GROWTH; ANGUS AB Mature cows (146) representing Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Simmental breeds were slaughtered to contribute to the investigation of the effect of various feed availabilities on body composition. Weights recorded when cows were placed on feed were used to set daily diets at four rates of intake within each breed (55, 76, 96, and 111 g DM/[kg wt(.75).d]). Cows remained on their assigned daily feed allotment throughout the study (3 to 5 yr). On the day of slaughter, shrunk live weights were recorded. Chemical determinations of protein (nitrogen x 6.25), ether extractable lipid, ash of dry matter, and moisture for hide and offal were obtained for all cows. Chemical determinations of these same constituents were obtained for the carcass soft tissue of 98 cows. Relationships among estimator traits carcass ash, warm carcass weight, resistive impedance, and carcass water from the 97 carcasses were used to predict the carcass constituents for the remaining 49 cows. Within breed, relationships between proportions of fat and empty body (sum of fat, ash, water, and protein from the three body pools of hide, offal, and carcass) were used to estimate empty body weight at 251 g fat/kg (standard reference body weight) for each of the nine breeds. Proportions of offal, carcass, hide, chemical constituents, and selected abdominal and thoracic organs relative to empty body weight from cows that attained weight stasis were regressed on one minus the ratio of individual actual empty body weight to breed standard reference weight. Among mature cows attaining weight stasis at various feeding rates, the proportion of offal remained constant, proportions of fat in carcass, hide, and offal increased with increasing feed level, and proportions of water and protein decreased. Significant variation (P <.01) attributable to breed in proportions of carcass, offal, hide, chemical constituents of the hide and offal, water, and protein of the carcass and selected organs was observed. RP Jenkins, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WG579 UT WOS:A1997WG57900013 PM 9027553 ER PT J AU Arthington, JD Corah, LR Minton, JE Elsasser, TH Blecha, F AF Arthington, JD Corah, LR Minton, JE Elsasser, TH Blecha, F TI Supplemental dietary chromium does not influence ACTH, cortisol, or immune responses in young calves inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1 SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chromium; calves; stress; trace elements ID STRESSED FEEDER CALVES; LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENIC RESPONSES; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; REPEATED RESTRAINT; DAIRY-COWS; RHINOTRACHEITIS; SERUM; PERIPARTURIENT; PERFORMANCE; COPPER AB Twelve Holstein bull calves (6 to 8 wk of age) were used to determine the influence of supplemental dietary Cr on ACTH, cortisol, and immune responses of calves experimentally inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-l (BHV-1). Calves supplemented with Cr received 3 mg Cr/d (Chromium, n 6) of a high-Cr-yeast product. Following 53 d of treatment, all calves were fitted with jugular catheters, and blood samples were collected every 4 h into tubes containing EDTA. Twenty-four hours later, all calves were inoculated intranasally with BHV-1 (1 x 10(7) plaque-forming units in each naris). Serial blood collection continued at 4-h intervals for 6 d. Plasma was harvested, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -20 degrees C. Individual rectal temperatures and urine samples were collected at the same time each day. Rectal temperatures were elevated (P < .05) on d 2, 3, 4, and 5 but were not affected by Cr treatment. Treatment with Cr did not affect secretion of ACTH, cortisol, or plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, although clear circadian variation in ACTH and cortisol occurred. No differences were detected in the concentrations of trace minerals excreted daily in the urine, lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogen stimulation, and neutrophil bactericidal function. The acute phase proteins, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen, also were not affected by treatment or viral challenge. These data suggest that Cr supplementation using high-Cr yeast (3 mg/d) did not alter stress responses of calves experimentally inoculated with BHV-1. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANAT & PHYSIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WG579 UT WOS:A1997WG57900029 PM 9027569 ER PT J AU Lana, RP Russell, JB AF Lana, RP Russell, JB TI Effect of forage quality and monensin on the ruminal fermentation of fistulated cows fed continuously at a constant intake SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionophores; forage; protein; ammonia; monensin; rumen ID MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; MICROORGANISMS INVITRO; RUMEN; DIGESTIBILITY; DIGESTION; BACTERIA; PROTOZOA; STEERS; CATTLE; DIETS AB A ruminal fermentation study was used to investigate the relationship between forage quality and monensin-dependent amino acid-sparing. Two fistulated cows were fed three combinations of chopped (2.5 to 5.0 cm in length) timothy and alfalfa hays (100:0, 50:50, and 0:100) and two levels of monensin (0 and 350 mg . cow(-1). d(-1)). The diets were offered 12 times per day (9 kg of DM/d), and the rumen reached a steady-state, reducing animal and day variation. Alfalfa hay had 1.4 times more CP and 1.4 times less NDF than timothy hay, and the substitution of timothy with alfalfa increased (P < .05) ruminal ammonia. Monensin had no effect on total ruminal ammonia when timothy hay was present in the diet, and it increased total ruminal ammonia with the 100% alfalfa diet. Effects on ruminal ammonia were, however, confounded by monensin-dependent decreases in ruminal pH (P < .05). Dissociated ammonia, the species most likely to be absorbed from the rumen, declined when monensin was added to the 100% timothy diet (P < .05). Monensin had no effect on dissociated ammonia if alfalfa was 50 or 100% of the forage, but it counter-acted alfalfa-dependent decreases in bacterial protein (P < .05). The idea that monensin could spare amino acids was supported by the observation that monensin decreased (P < .001) the specific activity of deamination and increased bacterial protein at all combinations of alfalfa and timothy. Increases in bacterial protein could be explained by monensin-dependent increases in total VFA. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Lana, Rogerio/H-2321-2012 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 224 EP 229 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WG579 UT WOS:A1997WG57900030 PM 9027570 ER PT J AU Moats, WA AF Moats, WA TI Advances in determination of antibiotic residues SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 110th AOAC International Annual Meeting CY SEP 08-12, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AOAC Int RP Moats, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WE486 UT WOS:A1997WE48600001 PM 9011053 ER PT J AU Ross, PF AF Ross, PF TI A walk around AOAC INTERNATIONAL SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Ross, PF (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,TOXICOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WE486 UT WOS:A1997WE48600002 ER PT J AU Li, BW Zhao, ZK Jekot, JJ AF Li, BW Zhao, ZK Jekot, JJ TI Effect of lipid extraction methods on total dietary fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide contents of selected nuts and seeds SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FOODS AB Three extraction methods were used to remove lipid materials from 8 edible nuts and seeds before analysis for their total dietary fiber (TDF) and nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) contents. Portions of ground materials were extracted by: n-hexane, followed by 80% methanol, n-hexane-acetic acid (95 + 5, v/v), and supercritical carbon dioxide. Defatted samples were gelatinized in water and incubated with amyloglucosidase; 95% ethanol was added to the hydrolyzates, and the residues were collected on tared glass crucibles. TDF was calculated according to a simplified enzymatic-gravimetric method developed in our laboratory, and NSP was determined as described by Englyst and coworkers. Dietary fiber values obtained with any of the extraction methods range from 3.47 g/100 g for cashews to 28.56 g/100 g for sunflower seeds. Nonstarch polysaccharide values range from 2.43 g/100 g for pecans to 5.56 g/100 g for peanuts. With the exception of sunflower seeds, samples extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide had lower TDF contents but similar amounts of NSP compared with samples extracted by the other 2 methods. C1 DIONEX CHEM CORP,SUNNYVALE,CA 94088. RP Li, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WE486 UT WOS:A1997WE48600017 PM 9011063 ER PT J AU Hoerning, EF AF Hoerning, EF TI Eggs and egg products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Hoerning, EF (reprint author), USDA,DIV SCI,2311B ABERDEEN BLVD,GASTONIA,NC 28054, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 149 EP 149 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WE486 UT WOS:A1997WE48600043 ER PT J AU Soderberg, D AF Soderberg, D TI Meat and meat products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Soderberg, D (reprint author), FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,USDA,ANNEX BLDG,300 12TH ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20202, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WE486 UT WOS:A1997WE48600045 ER PT J AU Windham, WR AF Windham, WR TI Feeds SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Windham, WR (reprint author), ARS,USDA,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WE486 UT WOS:A1997WE48600059 ER PT J AU Erickson, EH Erickson, BH Flottum, PK Wyman, JA Wedberg, JL Page, RE AF Erickson, EH Erickson, BH Flottum, PK Wyman, JA Wedberg, JL Page, RE TI Effects of selected insecticide formulations, phased application and colony management strategies on honey bee mortality in processing sweetcorn SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE honey bees; Apis mellifera; sweetcorn; maize; Zea mays; insecticides; pollen traps; feeding sugar syrup; management; mortality; USA AB These studies were undertaken to evaluate different strategies for reducing losses of honey bees (Apis mellifera) due to the use of insecticides in commercial sweetcorn (Zea mays) production fields. The strategies were: (1), insecticide application timed to avoid peak flowering periods in sweetcorn; (2), insecticide formulation, including carbofuran, encapsulated methyl parathion, permethrin and a tank mix of carbaryl plus parathion; (3), the use of pollen traps to prevent contaminated pollen coming into the hive; and (4), feeding (engorgement) of colonies with sugar syrup immediately following insecticide application to reduce honey bee foraging. Timing of insecticide applications was ineffective and a practical impossibility. Bee mortality was less with permethrin than with the other materials tested. Pollen traps and colony feeding may reduce bee mortality under some circumstances; however, these strategies proved unreliable and further study is needed. The data show that bees foraging on ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) adjacent to sweetcorn fields, rather than on sweetcorn, may be responsible for generating the excessive bee losses associated with sweetcorn. The results further indicate that circumstances in each field are unique due to prevailing conditions at each site, e.g. clean cultivation, competing resources, insecticide tank mixes, and other nearby applications. Finally, we find it highly significant that we were unable to induce high levels of bee mortality by applying our test compounds at the rate given by the manufacturers. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Erickson, EH (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XR705 UT WOS:A1997XR70500001 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Ksander, GG AF Spencer, DF Ksander, GG TI Dilute acetic acid exposure enhances electrolyte leakage by Hydrilla verticillata and Potamogeton pectinatus tubers SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetative propagules; pondweed; aquatic plant management; amino acid ID PROPAGULES; SEDIMENTS AB Subterranean vegetative propagules are important life cycle stages for some species of rooted aquatic plants. Sediments contain numerous compounds resulting from anaerobic degradation of organic matter, including acetic acid. Tubers of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) and sage pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.) were exposed to a range of acetic acid concentrations (0, 17.4, 87, 174, 348, and 696 mmol l(-1)) for 1, 2, 4, or 8 days. Total electrolyte leaked increased with exposure to increased acetic acid concentrations and to a lesser extent longer exposure periods for both sage pondweed and hydrilla tubers. Logistic regression of tuber survival versus total electrolyte leaked indicated that 50% of sage pondweed tubers would not survive the damage indicated by a total electrolyte leaked value of 4.5%. For hydrilla, a similar value is 12.3% Twenty amino acids were released by tubers into the external medium following acetic acid exposure. Alanine, arginine, and gamma-amino butyric acid were the dominant amino acids lost from treated hydrilla tubers, accounting for 69% of the total amino acids leaked. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,WEED SCI PROGRAM,ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WP610 UT WOS:A1997WP61000005 ER PT J AU Gile, LH Gibbens, RP Lenz, JM AF Gile, LH Gibbens, RP Lenz, JM TI The near-ubiquitous pedogenic world of mesquite roots in an arid basin floor SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE coppice dunes; petrocalcic horizons; pipes; Haplargids; Calciargids; Torripsamments; Petrocalcids; Haplocalcids ID NORTH-AMERICA AB A major invasion of grassland by shrubs began about 1850 A.D. in many desert areas of southern New Mexico. Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) is the most numerous of these invading shrubs in a studied basin floor. Mesquite roots readily penetrated all soil horizons except for continuously indurated petrocalcic horizons. However, roots grew along the top of petrocalcic horizons and in places found locations for penetration, such as cracks and pipes, with numerous, often upward-growing roots enroute to utilize the sparse precipitation. At another site, mesquite roots descended to a depth of at least 5.5 m. Although the spread of mesquite seed by cattle was a major factor in the spread of mesquite, its successful establishment over large areas is apparently due to the ability of mesquite roots to adapt to a wide variety of soils and soil conditions to take advantage of the sparse precipitation; to their ability to greatly proliferate while spreading laterally over long distances; to grow upward and take advantage of small precipitation events that only wet the soil to depths of a few centimeters; and to descend to great depths along cracks and other openings in the soil, down which soil water also penetrates, and thus to their ability to utilize available water at all depths. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited C1 USDA,NRCS,LAS CRUCES,NM. USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 39 EP 58 DI 10.1006/jare.1996.0157 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC074 UT WOS:A1997WC07400005 ER PT J AU Humphrey, SB Stanton, TB Jensen, NS Zuerner, RL AF Humphrey, SB Stanton, TB Jensen, NS Zuerner, RL TI Purification and characterization of VSH-1, a generalized transducing bacteriophage of Serpulina hyodysenteriae SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DNA; GENE; PBSX; INACTIVATION; FRAGMENT; INNOCENS; EXCHANGE; PROTEIN AB Serpulina hyodysenteriae B204 cells treated with mitomycin (20 mu g of mitomycin/ml of culture broth) lysed and released bacteriophages. Bacteriophage particles, precipitated by using polyethylene glycol and purified by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation, had a buoyant density of 1.375 g/cm(3) and consisted of a head (45-nm diameter) and an ultrastructurally simple (noncontractile) tail (64 by 9 nm) composed of at least 13 proteins with molecular masses ranging between 13 and 101 kDa, The purified bacteriophage has been designated VSH-1 (VSH for virus of S, hyodysenteriae), VSH-1 was incapable of lytic growth on any of five intestinal spirochete strains, representing three Serpulina species, VSH-1 nucleic acid was determined to be approximately 7.5 kb in size and to be linear, double-stranded DNA based on differential staining,vith acridine orange, DNase I sensitivity, electrophoretic mobility, and contour length as measured by electron microscopy, Phage DNA digested by the restriction enzymes SspI, AseI, EcoRV, and AflII gave electrophoretic banding patterns nearly identical to those of digested chromosomal DNA from S, hyodysenteriae. Additionally, VSH-1 DNA fragments hybridized with probes complementary to S, hyodysenteriae chromosomal genes nor and flaA1. When purified bacteriophages induced from cultures of S, hyodysenteriae A203 (Delta flaA1 593-762::cat) were added to growing cells of strain A216 (Delta nox 438-760::kan), transductants (Cm-r Km(r)) were obtained at a frequency of 1.5 x 10(-6) per phage particle (enumerated by electron microscopy), These findings indicate that induced VSH-1 virions package DNA of S, hyodysenteriae and are capable of transferring host genes between cells of that spirochete. To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic transduction of a spirochete. C1 ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. NR 35 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 179 IS 2 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WC279 UT WOS:A1997WC27900004 PM 8990282 ER PT J AU Abatangelo, A Gilli, R Navarini, L Rizzo, R Osman, SF Fett, WF AF Abatangelo, A Gilli, R Navarini, L Rizzo, R Osman, SF Fett, WF TI Solution properties of the exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas marginalis strain HT041B SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVIIIth International Carbohydrate Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 1996 CL MILAN, ITALY ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; UNPERTURBED DIMENSIONS; VISCOSITY; CHAIN AB The solution properties of the exopolysaccharide marginalan produced by Pseudomonas marginalis HT041B were investigated by means of low-angle laser light-scattering, capillary viscometry, and rheology. Potentiometric and viscosimetric data indicated the absence of a cooperative transition of the disorder-to-order type. The experimental findings obtained in dilute solution (Mark-Houwink coefficients, rigidity coefficient, characteristic ratio) suggested that the polymer behaves like a semiflexible chain which adopts a disordered conformation. The rheological behaviour of more concentrated marginalan solutions, as determined by means of both steady shear and oscillatory measurements, further confirmed the disordered conformational state of the polymer in solution. C1 UNIV TRIESTE,DIPARTIMENTO BIOCHIM BIOFIS & CHIM MACROMOL,I-34127 TRIESTE,ITALY. POLYTECH SCAR1,I-34012 TRIESTE,ITALY. ERRC,USDA ARS,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. ARS,USDA,ERRC,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4-5 BP 583 EP 598 DI 10.1080/07328309708007337 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XG215 UT WOS:A1997XG21500015 ER PT J AU DOvidio, R Anderson, OD Masci, S Skerritt, J Porceddu, E AF DOvidio, R Anderson, OD Masci, S Skerritt, J Porceddu, E TI Construction of novel wheat high-M(r) glutenin subunit gene variability: Modification of the repetitive domain and expression in E-coli SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; heterologous expression; high M(r); glutenin subunit; Triticum; wheat quality ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; HIGH M(R) SUBUNITS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; STORAGE PROTEINS; HOMOLOGIES AB We report the construction of modified high M(r) glutenin subunit genes with variable lengths of the repetitive domain and their expression in Escherichia coli. The modified glutenin subunits showed anomalously slow migration by SDS-PAGE characteristic of these polypeptides. Changes in the size of the repetitive domain correlated with both the migration behaviour on SDS-PAGE and with the surface hydrophobicities of the polypeptides measured by RP-HPLC. These constructs made it possible to obtain direct evidence for the first time that the anomalous electrophoretic mobilities of high M(r) glutenin subunits in SDS-PAGE, compared with globular proteins, are mainly due to the repetitive domain. These constructs should be useful for establishing the role of the repetitive domain of high,I, glutenin subunits in determining the viscoelastic properties of dough. They also offer the possibility of creating new genetic variability For wheat improvement. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RP DOvidio, R (reprint author), UNIV TUSCIA,DIPARTIMENTO AGROBIOL & AGROCHIM,VIA S CAMILLO LELLIS,I-01100 VITERBO,ITALY. RI D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014; Masci, Stefania/B-6690-2013 OI D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898; Masci, Stefania/0000-0003-2857-4498 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1996.0065 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WE284 UT WOS:A1997WE28400001 ER PT J AU Sutton, KH Bietz, JA AF Sutton, KH Bietz, JA TI Variation among high molecular weight subunits of glutenin detected by capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HMW-glutenin sub-units; capillary electrophoresis ID WHEAT STORAGE PROTEINS; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Capillary electrophoresis (CE) in conjunction with a selective precipitation procedure, was used to reveal biochemical variation among Glu-1 HMW-glutenin subunits in wheat cultivars. The heterogeneity that was observed parallelled that recognized previously using SDS-PAGE, although some differences in relative mobility of protein bands were observed. Modifications of the CE method introduced in this paper allow the resolution of all HMW-glutenin subunits commonly found in wheat cultivars worldwide. On comparison of the results presented in this paper with those in current literature the inclusion of the precipitation step in the preparation of the HMW-glutenin subunits for CE analysis appears to give cleaner samples, with fewer interfering gliadin and LMW-glutenin subunits. The technique could be used, in conjunction with SDS-PAGE and/or RP-HPLC, in breeding programs to confirm the HMW-glutenin subunit composition of parents and promising selections and/or to establish the presence of 'unusual' HMW-glutenin subunits. When glutenin subunits From two New Zealand cultivars were analysed qualitatively, Otane, a good breadmaking cultivar, showed relatively higher concentrations of HMW-glutenin subunits than did Karamu, a poor bread making cultivar, closely parallelling results obtained previously for these cultivars using RP-HPLC. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Sutton, KH (reprint author), NEW ZEALAND INST CROP & FOOD RES,PRIVATE BAG 4704,CHRISTCHURCH,NEW ZEALAND. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1996.9999 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WE284 UT WOS:A1997WE28400002 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Schwarz, PB Doehlert, DC Dahleen, LS Horsley, RD AF Wu, Y Schwarz, PB Doehlert, DC Dahleen, LS Horsley, RD TI Rapid separation and genotypic variability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L) lipoxygenase isoenzymes SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barley; lipoxygenase; isoenzyme ID GERMINATING BARLEY; PURIFICATION; ACID AB Two lipoxygenase (LOX) activities in a crude extract of germinated barley were readily resolved by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC:) on a Mono Q HR 5/5 anion-exchange column. Separation was achieved in 25 min, and recovery of activity was consistently greater than 90%. The two LOX activities were identified as LOX-1 and LOX-2 by isoelectric focusing and by comparison with the chromatographic properties of purified LOS-I and LOX-2. The activities of the two isoenzymes and total LOX activity varied significantly among the cultivars, although the ratio of LOX-1/LOX-2 was fairly constant. Significant variation in LOX activity between cultivars suggests that the LOX activity in malting barley cultivars might be reduced through breeding. The established separation procedure may be useful for screening barley lines for LOX-null-allele mutations, and may enhance the prospect of mapping genes that affect LOX activity or levels. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,RED RIVER VALLEY AGR RES CTR,FARGO,ND. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WE284 UT WOS:A1997WE28400006 ER PT J AU Scorpio, A Collins, D Whipple, D Cave, D Bates, J Zhang, Y AF Scorpio, A Collins, D Whipple, D Cave, D Bates, J Zhang, Y TI Rapid differentiation of bovine and human tubercle bacilli based on a characteristic mutation in the bovine pyrazinamidase gene SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DNA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE; SEQUENCES; ELEMENTS; MARKERS AB Bovine tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an important veterinary disease that can also afflict humans. Although M. bovis shares an almost identical genome with M. tuberculosis, subtle differences in host specificity and several biochemical parameters can be used to distinguish the two closely related species. The current method for distinguishing M. bovis from M. tuberculosis relies on tedious testing of biochemical parameters, including natural resistance to pyrazinamide and defective pyrazinamidase (PZase) activity of M. bovis strains. In this study, we report the development of a rapid PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay to differentiate M. bovis from M. tuberculosis strains, based on the detection of a single characteristic point mutation in the PZase gene (pncA) of M. bovis. Eighty-seven of 89 M. bovis strains could be distinguished from M. tuberculosis strains. Surprisingly, two animal isolates which were initially identified as M. bovis were shown to be M. africanum because they had a wild-type pncA sequence with positive PZase. These two M. africanum strains contain multiple (three and six) copies of insertion sequence IS6110, a feature they have in common with M. tuberculosis. The implication of this finding for the taxonomy of M. tuberculosis complex is discussed in relation to host preference and epidemiology. The development of a rapid PCR-SSCP test for distinguishing M. bovis from M. tuberculosis will be useful for monitoring the spread of bovine TB to humans in areas where bovine TB is endemic and for directing the treatment of human TB caused by M. bovis. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. AGRES,NEW ZEALAND PASTORAL AGR RES INST,UPPER HUTT,NEW ZEALAND. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT ANAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NR 25 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VY566 UT WOS:A1997VY56600018 PM 8968889 ER PT J AU Ackermann, MR Register, KB GentryWeeks, C Gwaltney, SM Magyar, T AF Ackermann, MR Register, KB GentryWeeks, C Gwaltney, SM Magyar, T TI A porcine model for the evaluation of virulence of Bordetella bronchiseptica SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; ATROPHIC RHINITIS; DERMONECROTIC TOXIN; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGS; SWINE; COLONIZATION; PIGLETS; ASSAY AB Studies of virulence factors of Bordetella bronchiseptica require a suitable system. Such a system was devised in colostrum-deprived, caesarean-derived pigs, aged 7 d. In two different experiments, pigs (n=11) were inoculated intranasally with 10(6) colony-forming units of the virulent strain 4609. In the same way: further pigs (n=11) were inoculated with a strain (B 133) of unknown virulence. No significant differences between 4609 and B133 colonization were seen. However, colonization of the turbinates was significantly higher than that of the trachea, lung and tonsil, and a significantly higher degree of colonization was present at 11 d post-inoculation (PI) than at 15 days. Moderate turbinate atrophy was present by 11 d PI, and peribronchiolar fibrosis was present at 15 days. Immunocytochemical methods showed that all pigs had bacterial antigen in the ciliated cells of the turbinates and trachea, and in the lung; some pigs also had antigen in the bronchi. Bacterial antigen was present in some bronchioles and within the cytoplasm of pulmonary macrophages and neutrophils. This model should prove useful for comparing strains of B. bronchiseptica and isogenic mutants deficient in putative virulence factors. (C) 1997 W.B. Saunders Company Limited. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN & SWINE RESP DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,VET MED RES INST,H-1581 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RI Magyar, Tibor/E-8693-2012 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 116 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0021-9975(97)80043-6 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA WE884 UT WOS:A1997WE88400006 PM 9076600 ER PT J AU Parris, N Hollar, CM Hsieh, A Cockley, KD AF Parris, N Hollar, CM Hsieh, A Cockley, KD TI Thermal stability of whey protein concentrate mixtures: Aggregate formation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; casein; electron microscopy; whey protein concentrate ID BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; HEAT-STABILITY; SKIM-MILK; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; DENATURATION; CASEIN; PH; GELATION; BOVINE AB Solutions (17% TS) of whey protein concentrate (65% protein) were dialyzed against simulated milk ultrafiltrate containing 0 to 9 mM total Ca2+. The dialyzed solutions were heated at 66 or 71 degrees C for 120 min to study the effect of Ca2+ on the heat denaturation and aggregation of whey proteins. As Ca2+ decreased, the whey protein concentrate solutions formed more soluble aggregates and fewer insoluble precipitates; the amount of alpha-LA relative to the beta-LG associated with the soluble aggregates also increased. Protein aggregates, as shown by electron microscopy of the Ca2+-adjusted solutions, became smaller and less densely packed as Ca2+ decreased. The effects of addition of low heat NDM or a mixture of Ca2+ and Na caseinate to the whey protein concentrate solution (17% TS) and heat treatment at 71 degrees C for 120 min on whey protein denaturation and aggregate formation were also investigated. Compared with the whey protein concentrate solution (17% TS), whey protein denaturation was much lower when low heat NDM was added to the solution, but not when a mixture of Ca2+ and Na caseinate was added. Electron micrographs showed that the whey protein aggregates that formed upon heating the mixture of whey protein concentrate and low heat NDM at 71 degrees C were smaller and less dense, and the micellar appendages were more compact, than those in the whey protein (17% TS) or low heat NDM (27% TS) solutions. The micrographs of the mixture of whey protein concentrate and caseinate were not comparable with either that of low heat NDM or of the mixture of whey protein concentrate and NDM. C1 WYETH AYERST INT INC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19101. WYETH NUTR INC,MILTON,VT 05468. RP Parris, N (reprint author), ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WG594 UT WOS:A1997WG59400003 ER PT J AU Keys, JE VanZyl, JP Farrell, HM AF Keys, JE VanZyl, JP Farrell, HM TI Effect of somatotropin and insulin-like growth factor-I on milk lipid and protein synthesis in vitro SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insulin-like growth factor-I; bovine somatotropin; milk protein; deoxyribonucleic acid ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE EXPLANTS; BOVINE MAMMARY; DAIRY-COWS; IGF-I; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; DNA-SYNTHESIS; HORMONE; LACTATION; GLAND; INVITRO AB The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that bST stimulats milk secretion through the action of IGF-I. Cocultures of bovine mammary, adipose, and liver tissues were incubated with increasing concentrations (0 to 1000 ng/ml) of bST, IGF-I, prolactin, or bST plus prolactin. In addition, cocultures of mammary and adipose tissues without liver tissue were incubated with IGF-I. The synthesis of milk lipids and proteins and the concentration of cellular DNA were measured. The addition of liver tissue depressed DNA concentration and the synthesis of lipids and proteins in mammary tissue. In mammary tissue, increasing bST concentration resulted in greater synthesis of FFA, total lipids, and proteins than that produced by increasing concentrations of IGF-I, and the effect on protein synthesis was linear. Conversely, in adipose tissue, increasing the concentration of IGF-I in the presence of liver resulted in greater synthesis of FFA than that obtained by bST, and the effect was linear. The results do not support the hypothesis that bST acts through the actions of IGF-I on mammary cells. Rather, bST alters the delivery of nutrients to the mammary cells from other tissues and affects milk component synthesis through a mechanism that may not involve IGF-I. C1 IRENE ANIM PROD INST,AGR RES COUNCIL,ZA-1675 IRENE,SOUTH AFRICA. ARS,USDA,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. RP Keys, JE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WG594 UT WOS:A1997WG59400005 PM 9120094 ER PT J AU Goff, JP Horst, RL AF Goff, JP Horst, RL TI Effects of the addition of potassium or sodium, but not calcium, to prepartum rations on milk fever in dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; milk fever ID ACID-BASE STATUS; PARTURIENT PARESIS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; DIETARY ACIDITY; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; HYPOCALCEMIA; PREVENTION; PHOSPHORUS; CHLORIDE; PLASMA AB The effects of prepartum dietary concentrations of K, Na, and Ca on the incidence of periparturient hypocalcemia or milk fever was determined for older (greater than or equal to 4th lactation) Jersey cows. Cows were fed one of six diets differing in K and Ca contents. In addition, the effect of dietary Na (tested only at the high concentration of dietary Ca, and low concentration of dietary K) was examined. Treatments were arranged in an incomplete 2 x 4 factorial design; dietary Ca (0.5 or 1.5%) and dietary strong cations (1.1, 2.1, and 3.1% or 1.3% Na) were the main effects. Dietary Ca did not significantly affect the incidence of milk fever or the degree of hypocalcemia experienced by the cows; Milk fever occurred in 2 of 20 cows that were fed the prepartum diet containing 1.1% K and 0.12% Na. Increasing dietary K to 2.1 or 3.1% increased the incidence of milk fever to 10 of 20 cows and 11 of 23 cows, respectively. Increasing dietary Na to 1.3% in the diet containing 1.5% Ca induced milk fever in 5 of a cows. Addition of strong cations to the prepartum diet increased blood and urine pH and reduced plasma hydroxyproline concentrations, suggesting that bone resorption of Ca is inhibited in cows fed high K or high Na diets as a result of metabolic alkalosis. These data demonstrated that dietary Ca concentration is not a major risk factor for milk fever and that dietary strong cations, especially K, induce metabolic alkalosis in the prepartum dairy cow, which reduces the ability of the cow to maintain Ca homeostasis. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 42 TC 149 Z9 162 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 176 EP 186 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WG594 UT WOS:A1997WG59400020 PM 9120088 ER PT J AU Record, MT Miller, EG Binnie, WH Hasegawa, S AF Record, MT Miller, EG Binnie, WH Hasegawa, S TI Systemic effects of limonoid glucosides on oral carcinogenesis. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL DENT,DALLAS,TX 75246. USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 3482 EP 3482 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68003478 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Oliver, JE Khrimian, AP Dickens, JC Potts, WJE AF Klun, JA Oliver, JE Khrimian, AP Dickens, JC Potts, WJE TI Behavioral and electrophysiological activity of the racemate and enantiomers of a monofluorinated analog of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) sex pheromone SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; 2-fluoro-Z-11-tetradecenyl acetate; R-2-fluoro-Z-11-tetradecenyl acetate; S-2-fluoro-Z-11-tetradecenyl acetate; insect sexual behavior; chirality of chemoreceptors ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; MOTH; COMPONENTS; RESPONSES; RECEPTORS; ARMYWORM AB The racemate and individual enantiomers of 2-fluoro-Z-11-tetradecenyl acetate (2F-Z-11), analogs of a European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), female sex pheromone were compared with the natural pheromone, Z-11-tetradecenyl acetate, in field trapping experiments, flight tunnel studies, mating disruption assays and electrophysiological experiments. While the racemate and R-2F-Z-11 mimicked the natural female sex pheromone, they were not more biologically potent than the pheromone. The S-2F-Z-11 was largely ineffective in all assays and was, therefore, incompatible with the pheromone receptor system. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WK606 UT WOS:A1997WK60600005 ER PT J AU Hu, GY Mitchell, ER Okine, JS AF Hu, GY Mitchell, ER Okine, JS TI Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in cabbage: Influence of initial immigration sites on population distribution, density and larval parasitism SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Plutella xylostella; Diadegma insulare; Conura side; cabbage; diamondback moth ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; RESISTANCE AB Examinations of cabbage plants in five fields near Bunnell, Flagler Co., FL, in spring 1995 showed that larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were more abundant on the field ends (perpendicular to cabbage rows) adjacent to weed-filled drainage ditches than the fields ends abutting wooded swamp areas. There mere no significant differences in the numbers of diamondback moth larvae on cabbage plants on the ends next to ether cabbage fields or at sites located within the interior of the fields. Cabbage heads rated fur damage due to diamondback moth larvae at harvest showed a distributional pattern similar to that observed for diamondback moth larvae. Parasitism of diamondback moth larvae was not significantly different between field ends and interior fields. Cabbage damage ratings on field sides (parallel to cabbage rows) showed that no edge effect was detected on the sides abutting other cabbage fields, that edge effect only occurred on the first one or few rows on the sides adjacent to other cabbage fields but separated by irrigation ditches, and that edge effect occurred continuously and decreased from the first to the 12th row on sides adjacent to earlier planted cabbage or an open weed-filled ditch area. These results suggest that diamondback moth first invaded cabbage fields from outside areas, and that more diamondback moth spread to the interior of the fields from adjacent open, weed-filled ditches than from bordering wooded and bushy areas. C1 USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 56 EP 71 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WK606 UT WOS:A1997WK60600007 ER PT J AU Jewett, DK Bjostad, LB AF Jewett, DK Bjostad, LB TI Structure-activity study with haloalkane attractants of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae using a behavioral bioassay SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; dichloromethane; carbon dioxide; semiochemicals; attraction; synthetic analogs; host-finding; bioisosterism ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HALOGENATED ANALOGS; RECEPTORS; RESPONSES; 6-METHOXY-2-BENZOXAZOLINONE; COMPONENTS; PHEROMONES; MOTH AB A two-choice laboratory behavioral bioassay was used to compare the dose-dependent responses of second-instar western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera a virgifera LeConte, larvae to a series of structurally-related haloalkanes, including ones with different halogens, degree of halogen substitution, chain length, and degree of saturation. Disubstituted bromine and iodine analogs of dichloromethane attracted larval at all doses tested, including 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg. Dibromomethane attracted significantly more larvae than dichloromethane at the lowest dose tested (0.5 mg). Analogs of dichloromethane with more chlorine substitutions attracted significantly fewer larvae than dichloromethane at most doses tested except for chloroform, which attracted significantly more larvae than dichloromethane at the lowest dose tested (0.5 mg). Although larvae were repelled by the two highest doses of 1,1-dichlorobutane tested (2.0 and 4.0 mg), orthogonal contrasts revealed no trend in responses of larvae to increasing doses of it or any of the other chain length analogs tested, 1,1-dichloroethene is an unsaturated analog of 1,1-dichloroethane, and orthogonal contrasts revealed a positive linear trend for responses of larvae to increasing doses of it. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. RP Jewett, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, INSECT BIOL LAB, POB 748, 01 DAVIS RD, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 91 EP 105 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WK606 UT WOS:A1997WK60600010 ER PT J AU Hamm, JJ AF Hamm, JJ TI Gonad-specific virus of Helicoverpa zea does not affect infectivity of nuclear polyhedrosis virus SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn earworm; Helicoverpa zea; virus; gonad-specific virus; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Elcar; integrated pest management ID AREA-WIDE MANAGEMENT; LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS; NOCTUIDAE; FIELD AB A gonad-specific virus (GSV), an enveloped, rod-shaped virus, which prevents the development of normal ovaries and testes of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been suggested for use in biological control of H. zea (Raina an Adams 1995). Because the GSV resembles the Hz-1 virus which was described as a persistent infection in an H. tea tissue culture that inhibited infection by other viruses, this research was designed to determine if the GSV would interfere with infection of H. zea larvae by its homologous nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV) which is currently being used in biocontrol of H. tea and N. virescens. In three of four tests, there was no significant difference in LC50 (i.e., the 95% confidence intervals overlapped) for HzSNPV in larvae from normal maths and larvae from moths injected with GSV. Surviving larvae from the GSV-injected moths produced 97.8 to 100% agonadal moths. This indicates that GSV does not protect agonadal larvae from infection by NPV. Thus, release of GSV into the natural population of H. zea should not interfere with use of the more virulent NPV for control H. zea. RP Hamm, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WK606 UT WOS:A1997WK60600011 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Stout, WL Fales, SL Fox, RH AF Jabro, JD Stout, WL Fales, SL Fox, RH TI Nitrate leaching from soil core lysimeters treated with urine or feces under orchardgrass: Measurement and simulation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN DYNAMICS; GRASSLAND; PASTURES; NCSWAP; MODEL AB The ability of the N submodel, LEACHN, of the Leaching Estimation And CHemical Model (LEACHM model) to simulate nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) pasture was evaluated using field data from a 2-yr experiment, Leaching data were collected from an experiment conducted in central Pennsylvania on Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludalf). Nitrate losses below the 1-m depth from N-fertilized orchardgrass sod were measured with intact soil core lysimeters (0.6-m diam, by 1-m long), Five N fertilizer treatments consisted of a control, urine application in the spring, urine application in the summer, urine application in the fall, and feces application in the summer. Calibration N transformation rate constants from previous work with inorganic fertilizer and manure treatments under corn were used to evaluate the LEACHN model under pasture conditions, Statistical analysis indicated that the model accurately predicted annual NO3-N leaching below the 1-m depth for three to five of the five treatments in each year. The model failed to produce accurate predictions for the control and feces treatments in 1993 to 1994. The simulation error in these two treatments appeared to be related to soil N transformation rate constants in the model, Other reasons for discrepancies between measured and simulated NO3-N leaching for some months may have been due to restricted water dow associated with frozen soil or a heavy snowpack during winter. Results demonstrate the potential of the LEACHN model to predict NO3-N leaching under pasture conditions using N transformation rate constants determined through the calibration process from corn (Zea mays L.) fields on similar soils. C1 ARS,USDA,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,116 ASI BLDG,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WE442 UT WOS:A1997WE44200024 ER PT J AU Azevedo, AS Kanwar, RS Singh, P Ahuja, L Pereira, LS AF Azevedo, AS Kanwar, RS Singh, P Ahuja, L Pereira, LS TI Simulating atrazine transport using root zone water quality model for Iowa soil profiles SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; GROUNDWATER; PESTICIDES; CATCHMENT AB The pesticide component of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was calibrated and evaluated for two tillage systems: no-till (NT) and moldboard plow (MB), The RZWQM is a process-based model that simulates the water and chemical transport processes in the soil-crop-atmosphere system. Observed data on atrazine concentrations in the soil profile, for model calibration and testing, were obtained from a field study in Iowa. Two statistical parameters, maximum error (ME) and coefficient of determination (CD), were used to evaluate the ability of the RZWQM to predict atrazine concentrations in the soil profile, The ME, CD, and other statistical tests indicated that there was a significant difference between predicted and observed atrazine concentrations. Comparison of simulated vs. observed atrazine concentrations with 1:1 line showed that atrazine concentrations were overpredicted, especially in the later part of the growing season. However, the model correctly predicted depth of atrazine penetration in the soil profile. Also, the range of predicted atrazine concentrations was within the same order of magnitude as observed concentrations. Although observed atrazine concentrations were usually higher in surface layers under MB than in NT treatment, the model did not show any consistent tillage effects on atrazine distribution in the soil profile, The results from this simulation study indicated that the following factors may be critical and should be considered when simulating pesticide transport in the subsurface environment: (i) macropore flow, (ii) variation in K-oc and pesticide half-life with depth, and (iii) interception of pesticide by surface residue during application. C1 USDA ARS, GPSR, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. Univ Tecn Lisboa, INST SUPER AGRON, DEPT ENGN RURAL, P-1399 LISBON, PORTUGAL. RP Azevedo, AS (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV, DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RI Santos Pereira, Luis/F-8799-2010 OI Santos Pereira, Luis/0000-0003-4425-3408 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 153 EP 164 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WE442 UT WOS:A1997WE44200033 ER PT J AU Eghball, B Power, JF Gilley, JE Doran, JW AF Eghball, B Power, JF Gilley, JE Doran, JW TI Nutrient, carbon, and mass loss during composting of beef cattle feedlot manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Quantification of nutrient and mass loss during composting is needed to understand the composting process, to implement methods for nutrient conservation, and to reduce potential adverse environmental impact. Beef cattle feedlot manure was composted in a windrow on an open concrete area in 1992, 1993, and 1994 to determine the amounts of nutrient, C, and mass loss during composting. The area was enclosed on all sides with a 0.2 m high metal sheet to direct runoff to a fiberglass tank (4000 L) during rainfall. Nutrients in runoff represented combined runoff and leaching losses. Nutrients, C, and mass loss during composting was determined by the difference between the amounts at the beginning and at the end of the composting. Nitrogen loss during composting ranged from 19 to 42% and was related to the initial manure N content. Ammonia volatilization (calculated by difference) accounted for >92% of the N loss whereas combined runoff nitrate and ammonium loss was <0.5%. Mass loss was relatively low (15-20%) while C loss ranged from 46 to 62% and was basically all through bio-oxidation. Phosphorus runoff loss, the main mechanism for P loss, was low (<2%). Manure NIP ratio decreased during composting, indicating a greater soil P buildup potential with compost application. Potassium and Na losses in runoff were high (>6.5% each) in 1992 and 1993; they were low (<2% each) in 1994 due to fewer rainfall. Calcium and Mg losses were <6% each year. Nutrient and salt loss during composting resulted in reduced electrical conductivity of the composted manure. Ammonium and P concentrations in runoff would create surface water pollution if runoff was not diluted with fresh water. RP Eghball, B (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 190 Z9 210 U1 6 U2 51 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WE442 UT WOS:A1997WE44200037 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Rogers, HH Runion, GB Torbert, HA Reicosky, DC AF Prior, SA Rogers, HH Runion, GB Torbert, HA Reicosky, DC TI Carbon dioxide-enriched agroecosystems: Influence of tillage on short-term soil carbon dioxide efflux SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT-RESPONSES; ELEVATED CO2; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CROP ROTATIONS; AIR; NITROGEN AB Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration can increase biomass production that may influence carbon (C) dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil CO2 efflux as affected by crop residues from high CO2 environments managed under different tillage systems has not been explored. This study examined the effects of tillage systems in a legume {soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]} and nonlegume {grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor] (L.) Moench.} CO2-enriched agroecosystem on the rates of short-term CO2 evolution from a Blanton loamy sand (loamy siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Paleudults). In the spring of 1993, CO2 efflux observations initiated within 5 s after a tillage event were compared to no-tillage conditions for 8 d in plots where both crop species had been grown in open top field chambers under two CO2 conditions (ambient and twice ambient) for two seasons (1992 and 1993). Added CO2 increased yields, residue, and root biomass; higher percent ground cover was also observed in CO2-enriched plots prior to the tillage treatment. Differences in C/N ratio of the residue may have influenced CO2 efflux rates; C/N ratio was highest for sorghum and was increased by elevated CO2. Efflux patterns were characterized by flushes of CO2 following initial tillage and rainfall events. Species x tillage and CO2 x species interactions were noted on several days and for total CO2 efflux values. Our results suggest that short-term CO2 fluxes may be greater for tilled soybean and for soybean grown under elevated CO2; however, short-term flux rates in the sorghum crop were affected by tillage, but not by CO2 level. These short-term results should be viewed with caution when predicting long-term C turnover in agroecosystems. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,BLACKLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 53 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 244 EP 252 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WE442 UT WOS:A1997WE44200044 ER PT J AU Gan, J Yates, SR Spencer, WF Yates, MV Jury, WA AF Gan, J Yates, SR Spencer, WF Yates, MV Jury, WA TI Laboratory-scale measurements and simulations of effect of application methods on soil methyl bromide emission SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FUMIGATION; CHARCOAL; CH3BR AB Methyl bromide (bromomethane, MeBr), which originates from the oceans, fumigation, and a few other sources, is reportedly contributing to the ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Due to the heavy reliance on this fumigant in the production of many crops, it is of particular importance to accurately quantify the atmospheric input of MeBr arising from agricultural uses, and develop feasible measures to minimize these emissions. In this study, we determined the effect of two important application variables, surface tarp and injection depth, on MeBr transport and transformation in the soil and its emission from the soil surface under controlled conditions. Following 20- and 30-cm injections, covering the soil surface with 1-mil (0.025 mm) high-density polyethylene film resulted in an average of 48% reduction in MeBr emission. Increasing the injection depth from 20 to 60 cm caused a decrease in MeBr emission of 54% under untarped conditions and 40% under tarped conditions. The influence of application methods on MeBr atmospheric emissions should be considered when estimating the contribution of agricultural fumigation to the overall atmospheric MeBr burden on a global scale. The results also indicate that MeBr emission after soil fumigation may be substantially minimized by using surface tarpaulins and deep injections. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Gan, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PHYS & PESTICIDES RES UNIT,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 310 EP 317 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WE442 UT WOS:A1997WE44200053 ER PT J AU Wagner, SC Zablotowicz, RM AF Wagner, SC Zablotowicz, RM TI Effect of organic amendments on the bioremediation of cyanazine and fluometuron in soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE biostimulation; biodegradation; herbicide; microorganisms ID DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE AB Biostimulation may offer a viable approach to remediate soils containing high concentrations of herbicides. We determined the effects of cornmeal, ryegrass and poultry litter on the degradation of cyanazine and fluometuron (250 mu mol kg(-1)) in a Dundee silt loam. All three amendments enhanced cyanazine degradation with half lives of 18.2 d in ryegrass-, and 21 d in cornmeal- or poultry litter-amended soil, comcompared to 28.3 d in unamended soil. The amendments differentially affected patterns of metabolite accumulation. After 42 d, 45% of the C-14 was recovered as dechlorinated (hydroxy cyanazine) metabolites in ryegrass-amended soil compared to <16% in other treatments. Significantly less C-14 was extracted from cornmeal-amended soil than the other treatments, suggesting a relationship between cyanazine dissipation and incorporation into unextractable bound residues. Ryegrass had the greatest stimulatory effect on fluometuron degradation. Half lives For fluometuron were 41.0, 57.3, 27.7, and 66.4 d for cornmeal, poultry litter, ryegrass, and no additions. respectively. Desmethyl fluometuron was the major metabolite that accumulated in all treatments. Trifluoromethyl phenyl urea accumulated only in soils treated with poultry litter and ryegrass. All three amendments stimulated fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, indicating enhanced microbial activity. Significant reduction of high concentrations of cyanazine or fluometuron may be achieved via biostimulation by selecting an appropriate amendment, i.e. ryegrass. C1 ARS, USDA, SO WEED SCI LAB, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 37 EP 54 DI 10.1080/03601239709373075 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WF264 UT WOS:A1997WF26400003 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Watts, DW AF Novak, JM Watts, DW TI Evaluation of C-18 solid-phase extraction cartridges for the isolation of select pesticides and metabolites SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE solid-phase extraction; pesticides; metabolites; C-18 ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER; ALACHLOR; HERBICIDES AB Nine different C-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were evaluated for their efficiency at extracting nine pesticides and two s-triazine metabolites from spiked deionized water samples. The SPE cartridges were found to contain nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) contaminants and varied in their extraction efficiency for certain pesticides and metabolites. Four of the nine SPE cartridges gave acceptable (70 to 120%) pesticide and metabolite recovery percentages, while five cartridges had marginal (50 to 70%) to poor (< 50%) recoveries. Statistical analyses showed that the poor to marginal recoveries found for three compounds could not be explained by considering several indigenous chemical and physical traits of the cartridge. It is suggested that proper SPE cartridge selection for pesticide recovery should be evaluated using several different cartridges. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), ARS,COASTAL PLAIN SOILS WATER & PLANT RES CTR,USDA,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 565 EP 581 DI 10.1080/03601239709373103 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XG312 UT WOS:A1997XG31200007 ER PT J AU Watts, DW Novak, JM AF Watts, DW Novak, JM TI Evaluation of atrazine positive and false positive immunoassay detections in ground water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE immunoassay; false positive; atrazine; prometon ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACTION AB False positive responses on an atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) immunoassay kit were investigated to explain possible causes for these occurrences. Ground water samples were evaluated with the immunoassay kit and positive responses (>0.20 mu g L-1) were confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Non-confirming samples (false positives) were analyzed for seven additional compounds on GC. Resulting GC/MS and GC analyses showed that 70% of the false positives could be attributed to two compounds. Prometon (6-methoxy-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) was responsible for the majority (64%) of the false positive responses. The atrazine metabolite, deethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), was responsible for the other 6% of the false positives measured. Unattributed false positives (30%) were probably due to an overestimation of pesticide concentrations in the kit's lower detection range. RP Watts, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 659 EP 671 DI 10.1080/03601239709373108 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XT122 UT WOS:A1997XT12200004 PM 9269082 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Humenik, FJ Rice, JM Hunt, PG AF Szogi, AA Humenik, FJ Rice, JM Hunt, PG TI Swine wastewater treatment by media filtration SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE aeration; anaerobic lagoon; nitrification; phosphorus; solids removal; trickling filter ID PHOSPHORUS AB A media filter was constructed to treat swine wastewater after anaerobic lagoon treatment. The media filter consisted of a tank (1.5-m-diameter x 0.6-m-height) filled with marl gravel. The marl gravel had a carbonate content of 300 g kg(-1). Gravel particle size distributions were 85 and 14% in the 4.7-to 12.7-mm and 12.7-to 19-mm size classes, respectively. Pore space of the filtration unit was 57%. Wastewater flow rate was 606 L m(-2) d(-1), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) load was 198 g m(-2) d(-1). The media tilter removed 54% of chemical oxygen demand (GOD) content after one cycle, but increased cycling did not produce additional COD reduction. Total suspended solids (TSS) removal after one cycle was 50% of initial levels, and additional cycling reduced TSS levels at a much lower rate of 7% per cycle. Removal efficiencies for total phosphorus (TP) ranged from 37% to 52% (one to four cycles), but long-term phosphorus removal would be limited by the sorption capacity of the gravel. Up to 24% of TKN was converted to nitrate-plus-nitrite-N (NO3+NO2-N). Effluents with high NO3+NO2-N levels can be treated further for denitrification with constructed wetlands or anaerobic lagoon. This is important in cases where land is limited for wastewater application. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 831 EP 843 DI 10.1080/03601239709373115 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XT122 UT WOS:A1997XT12200011 PM 9269085 ER PT J AU Matthews, KR Berg, NH AF Matthews, KR Berg, NH TI Rainbow trout responses to water temperature and dissolved oxygen stress in two southern California stream pools SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; Oncorhynchus mykiss; dissolved oxygen; water temperature; environmental stresses; southern California habitat; abiotic factors ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; STEELHEAD; HYPOXIA; FISHES; SALMON; GROWTH AB Habitat use by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is described for a southern California stream where the summer water temperatures typically exceed the lethal limits for trout (>25 degrees C). During August 1994, water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and trout distribution were monitored in two adjacent pools in Sespe Creek, Ventura County, where summer water temperature reached 28.9 degrees C. Water temprrarurr was an important factor in trout distribution in the two pools. During 1-11 August 1994, water temperatures in pool I ranged from 21.5 degrees C at the bottom (4.1 m) to 28.9 degrees C at the surface. After 5 August, trout were no longer found in this pool, suggesting that trout had moved out of the high tmlperalurr water or died. In the adjacent. shallower (1.5 m) pool 2, surface water temperatures were as high as 27.9 degrees C, but temperatures on the bottom remained cooler (17.5-21 degrees C) than pool 1, presumably due to groundwater seeps. Consistent aggregations of trout were observed in pool 2 throughout the study period. During the day when water temperature was highest, mosi trout were found in a region of the pool with the lowest water temperature (mean = 18.3 degrees C). Conversely, regions with the highest water temperatures had the fewest trout during the day. The seeps may have introduced water with low dissolved oxygen into pool 7, as the DO in many locations on the bottom ranged from <1 mg l(-1) to 5 mg l(-1) over 24 h, while the surface DO ranged from 4.1 to 10.0 mg l(-1). Lowest DO occurred from 2400 to 0600 hours. Dnriug august, water temperature and DO were positively related. Thus, rainbow trout faced a trade-off between the relatively cool water temperature with low, possibly lethal levels of DO (e.g. 1.7 to 3.1 mg l(-1) in region 3), and lethally high water temperature but high DO. Seeps may serve as important thermal refugia for trout, and an increased understanding of their role as potential critical refugia in southern California is necessary. (C) 1997 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles RP Matthews, KR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BOX 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. RI Matthews, Kathleen/G-8773-2012 NR 35 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 50 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01339.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WE887 UT WOS:A1997WE88700005 ER PT J AU Corrier, DE Nisbet, DJ Hargis, BM Holt, PS Deloach, JR AF Corrier, DE Nisbet, DJ Hargis, BM Holt, PS Deloach, JR TI Provision of lactose to molting hens enhances resistance to Salmonella enteritidis colonization SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; lactose; molted hens ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; BROILER CHICKS; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; DIETARY LACTOSE; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSMISSION; CULTURE; FLORA AB Older leghorn hens, more than 50 weeks of age, were divided into three groups designated 1, unmolted controls; 2, molted; or 3, molted treated with lactose. Forced molt was induced by 14 days of feed removal. Lactose was provided to the hens in group 3 as 2.5% (wt/vol) of the daily drinking water. Each hen in all groups was challenged orally with 10(5) Salmonella enteritidis (SE) cells on day 7 of feed removal The study was repeated in three replicated trials. The concentrations of acetic, propionic, and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the cecal contents of the molted hens in groups 2 and 3 decreased significantly (P <0.05) on days 6 and 14 of molt compared with the unmolted controls. Forced molt had no apparent effect on pH or on the oxidation-reduction potential of the ceca Compared to the unmolted I controls, SE cecal and spleen and liver colonization was significantly increased (P <0.05) in the malted hens in group 2. Compared to the molted hens in group 2, SE cecal and spleen and liver colonization was significantly decreased (P <0.05) in two of three trials in the hens in group 3 provided with lactase. The results suggested that the increased susceptibility of molting hens to SE colonization may be associated with decreased fermentation and production of VFA by cecal bacteria or by a depletion of the number of VFA-producing bacteria present in the ceca The results further suggest that providing lactose in the drinking water during molting may significantly enhance resistance to SE colonization. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP Corrier, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 60 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WG341 UT WOS:A1997WG34100002 PM 10465033 ER PT J AU Kyung, KH Fleming, HP AF Kyung, KH Fleming, HP TI Antimicrobial activity of sulfur compounds derived from cabbage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE sulfur; cabbage; antimicrobial; methyl methanethiosulfinate; Listeria monocytogenes ID CYSTEINE SULFOXIDE; CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES; BRASSICA VEGETABLES; VOLATILE; PRODUCTS AB Selected sulfur compounds found in cabbage and its fermentation product, sauerkraut, were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against growth of 15 species of bacteria and 4 species of yeasts. S-Methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, sinigrin, and dimethyl sulfide at 500 ppm were not inhibitory to any of the bacteria and yeasts tested. Dimethyl disulfide at 500 ppm retarded some, but did not prevent growth of any of the test microorganisms. Dimethyl trisulfide had an MIC to bacteria of 200 ppm and to yeast of 20 ppm. Methyl methanethiosulfinate had an MIC between 50 and 200 ppm for all bacteria, and between 6 and 10 ppm for all yeasts tested. Methyl methanethiosulfonate had an MIC between 20 and 100 ppm for bacteria and between 50 and 500 ppm for yeasts. Allyl isothiacyanate had an MC between 50 and 500 ppm for bacteria and between 1 and 4 ppm for yeasts. Methyl methanethiosulfinate was 10 to 100 times more inhibitory against Listeria monocytogenes at pH values of 5, 6, and 7 and was much less influenced by pH than was sodium benzoate. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 40 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 60 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WG341 UT WOS:A1997WG34100013 PM 10465044 ER PT J AU Brown, RL Cleveland, TE Payne, GA Woloshuk, CP White, DG AF Brown, RL Cleveland, TE Payne, GA Woloshuk, CP White, DG TI Growth of an Aspergillus flavus transformant expressing Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase in maize kernels resistant to aflatoxin production SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; maize; resistance; beta-glucuronidase; Aspergillus flavus ID GENE; COLONIZATION; INFECTION; EAR AB Kernels of a maize inbred that demonstrated resistance to aflatoxin production in previous studies were inoculated with an Aspergillus flavus strain containing the Escherichia coli beta-D-glucuronidase reporter gene linked to a beta-tubulin gene promoter and assessed for both fungal growth and aflatoxin accumulation. Prior to inoculation, kernels were pin-wounded through the pericarp to the endosperm, pin-wounded in the embryo region, or left unwounded. After 7 days incubation with the fungus, beta-glucuronidase activity (fungal growth) in the kernels was quantified using a fluorogenic assay and aflatoxin B-1 content of the same kernels was analyzed. Kernels of a susceptible inbred, similarly treated, served as controls. Results indicate a positive relationship between aflatoxin levels and the amount of fungal growth. However, resistant kernels wounded through the pericarp to the endosperm before inoculation supported an increase in aflatoxin B-1 over levels observed in nonwounded kernels, without an increase in fungal growth. Wounding kernels of the resistant inbred through the embryo resulted in both the greatest fungal growth and the highest levels of aflatoxin B-1 for this genotype. Maintenance of resistance to aflatoxin BI in endosperm-wounded kernels may be due to the action of a mechanism which Limits fungal access to the kernel embryo. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27965. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 60 IS 1 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WG341 UT WOS:A1997WG34100017 PM 10465048 ER PT J AU Moshonas, MG Shaw, PE AF Moshonas, MG Shaw, PE TI Flavor and chemical comparison of pasteurized and fresh Valencia orange juices SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AROMA AB Freshly extracted Florida Valencia orange juice was heated at 98C for 11 s to produce lightly heated juice, and for 37 s to produce heavily heated juice. Sensory panels detected a flavor difference between the fresh, unheated juice and the heavily heated juice. Analyses of these two juice samples by headspace gas chromatography (GC) showed no significant qualitative or quantitative differences. GC analyses of methylene chloride extracts of juices and of residues from distillation of the juices showed only one detectable difference in each case. Extracts of the whole juices showed one GC peak, which was significantly larger in the heavily heated juice, identified as the potential off flavor compound, octanoic acid. Extracts of the high-boiling distillation residue showed one unidentified late-eluting GC peak which appeared only in the heavily heated juice. These findings supplement previous reports that more severe pasteurization conditions than required for juice processing cause detectable flavor changes in heated juice. RP Moshonas, MG (reprint author), USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S, NW POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1997.tb00449.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WL779 UT WOS:A1997WL77900003 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Eisele, TA AF Drake, SR Eisele, TA TI Quality of 'Gala' apples as influenced by harvest maturity, storage atmosphere and concomitant storage with 'Bartlett' pears SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for 45 or 90 days following harvest reduced quality losses for both 'Gala' apples and 'Bartlett' pears compared with fruit from regular atmosphere (RA) storage. Fruit stored in CA were firmer, had higher acidity and less color change than fruit from RA storage. Apples and pears stored together in CA maintained good quality and compared favorably with apples or pears stored separately. There was no difference in fruit quality between fruit stored at 1% O-2 and 1% CO2 compared with fruit scored in 2% O-2 and 3% CO2. Fruit harvested at a more advanced stage of maturity deteriorated more quickly in storage than earlier harvested fruit. A combination of 45 days in CA followed by 30 days RA resulted in apples that were superior in quality to apples stored for 75 days in RA alone. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), ARS,USDA,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1997.tb00450.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WL779 UT WOS:A1997WL77900004 ER PT J AU Moline, HE Kulik, MM AF Moline, HE Kulik, MM TI Contamination and deterioration of alfalfa sprouts caused by a seedborne isolate of Erwinia herbicola SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROBACTER-AGGLOMERANS AB A Gram negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterium was recovered from beneath the seed coats of surface-sterilized alfalfa seed from three seed lots used for the commercial production of sprouts. This bacterium was responsible for the deterioration of alfalfa sprouts marketed in film-wrapped plastic containers. Identity of the isolate was confirmed as Erwinia herbicola (Lohnis) Dye (synonym Pantoea agglomerans comb. nov.). The level of contamination by this bacterium in nonsurface-sterilized seed was 34.7% while in surface-sterilized seed it was 13.2%. No other microorganisms were consistently recovered from surface-sterilized seed samples from these lots, or from other alfalfa seed samples assayed as controls. The bacterium was able To survive for more than three years beneath the seed coats of contaminated seed. We recommend that alfalfa sprout companies routinely assay samples for seedborne microorganisms from lots intended for sprouting. RP Moline, HE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,RM 219,BLDG 002,BARL-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1997.tb00451.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WL779 UT WOS:A1997WL77900005 ER PT J AU McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP AF McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP TI Balancing macromineral composition of fresh-pack cucumber pickles to improve nutritional quality and maintain flavor SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB The macromineral nutritional balance of fresh-pack dill cucumber pickles was improved without loss of flavor quality. A product with flavor acceptability equal to the original product was obtained if NaCl was reduced by 40%, from 2.0% to 1.2%. To replace the 0.8% reduction in NaCl 0.8% KCl was added. CaCl2 and MgCl2 were added proportionately to match the daily value (DV) of the added KCl. In addition to changes in mineral composition, low levels of both citric acid and hot pepper sauce were added to improve flavor acceptability. The flavor acceptability of dill pickles was rated higher (P <0.05) than the 2.0% NaCl control when the NaCl concentration was reduced 20% from 2.0 to 1.6%, and 0.4% KCl was added to replace the NaCl. Again, CaCl2 and MgCl2 were added at a level which gave the same proportion of the DVs of these minerals as 0.4% KCl. The highest flavor acceptability in the product with 20% less NaCl was obtained when only, citric acid was added as a flavor modifier. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1997.tb00454.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WL779 UT WOS:A1997WL77900008 ER PT J AU Hoagland, PD Konja, G Clauss, E Fishman, ML AF Hoagland, PD Konja, G Clauss, E Fishman, ML TI HPSEC with component analysis of citrus and apple pectins after hollow fiber ultrafiltration SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE citrus pectin; apple; hollow fiber; ultrafiltration; size-exclusion ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYSACCHARIDES; VISCOSITY AB Component analysis of high performance size-exclusion chromatograms was applied to 3.3 X concentration of citrus and apple pectins in dilute solution by ultrafiltration with a hollow fiber module fitted with a 100K membrane. Viscosities of the pectins in retained solutions were unchanged and for citrus pectin there was a 10% reduction of weight fraction of the largest-sized component at the last stage of concentration. A small proportion of apple pectin (radius of gyration = 7 nm) was recovered from one permeate by freeze-drying, and, when redissolved in water, produced large aggregates (z-average diam > 100 nm, measured by dynamic light scattering). Results can provide guidelines for use of the method during industrial pectin processing. C1 UNIV ZAGREB,FAC FOOD TECHNOL & BIOTECHNOL,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA. RP Hoagland, PD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NAA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb04370.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WG856 UT WOS:A1997WG85600015 ER PT J AU Bigner, ME Berry, BW AF Bigner, ME Berry, BW TI Cooking and sensory properties of pork crumbles as affected by pregelatinized potato starch, crumble diameter and fat content SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pork crumbles; fat level; potato starch; crumble diameter; cooking yield ID GROUND-BEEF; SAUSAGE; CARRAGEENAN; STABILITY; STORAGE; GUMS; SOY AB Pork crumbles were processed at two fat levels (15, 40%) with or without addition of modified pregelatinized potato starch and into two sizes (0.95 cm, 1.90 cm diameters). Following precooking and reheating, large-diameter crumbles were softer and more juicy than small crumbles. Those with 40% fat were less firm and had lower precooking yields, but they still received high juiciness scores even when processed without modified pregelatinized potato starch. Potato starch provided improvements in precooking yields, and reduced fat retention during precooking and reheating. RP Bigner, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb04400.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WG856 UT WOS:A1997WG85600045 ER PT J AU Goergen, MT Floyd, DW Ashton, PG AF Goergen, MT Floyd, DW Ashton, PG TI An old model for building consensus and a new role for foresters SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 SUNY SYRACUSE,COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Goergen, MT (reprint author), SOC AMER FORESTERS,5400 GROSVENOR LANE,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WA156 UT WOS:A1997WA15600006 ER PT J AU Johnson, RL Alig, RJ Moore, E Moulton, RJ AF Johnson, RL Alig, RJ Moore, E Moulton, RJ TI NIPF - Landowners' view of regulation SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH C1 OREGON EMPLOYMENT DEPT,PORTLAND,OR. US FOREST SERV,USDA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR. RP Johnson, RL (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,PEAVY HALL A108,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WA156 UT WOS:A1997WA15600010 ER PT J AU Fratt, TW Coble, DW Copes, F Bruesewitz, RE AF Fratt, TW Coble, DW Copes, F Bruesewitz, RE TI Diet of burbot in Green Bay and western Lake Michigan with comparison to other waters SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE burbot; diet; Lake Michigan; Lota lota ID EXPLOITATION; COMMUNITY; SUPERIOR; FISHES; FOOD AB We determined foods eaten and factors influencing the diet of burbot (Lota lota) and compared our results with those of other studies to help assess the role of burbot in the fish community of Lake Michigan. We examined stomachs of 3,570 burbot of 215-845 mm total length caught by 10 methods from 5 areas of Green Bay and western Lake Michigan in depths of 1 to 160 m during September 1986 to November 1988. Fish composed 94% of the volume of the diet; percent volumes of fish identifiable to genus or species were alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), 31; rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), 25; bloater (Coregonus hoyi), 13; sculpins of the genus, Cottus, 11; deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni), 8, yellow perch (Perca flavescens), 8, other fish, 5. Cottus spp. were more important than their volume indicated because they were the most frequently were Mysis relicta, found in 26% of the burbot containing food, and Pontoporeia hoyi. The diet varied with size of burbot, i.e., invertebrates were more important for the smaller burbot, and with area and depth of capture. Alewives were more important at depths of 20-39 m than at shallower and deeper depths. In waters exceeding 40 m depth the diet of burbot in Lake Michigan seemed to have changed little since the 1930s, and it was similar to the diet of burbot in Lake Superior in the 1960s. Foods commonly important for burbot in many waters in North America are sculpins, coregonids other than lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), Pontoporeia spp., M. relicta, and yellow perch, and crayfish outside of the Great Lakes. Trout and salmon (Salmo spp., Salvelinus spp., Oncorhynchus spp.) and suckers (Catostomus spp.) were inconsequential in the diet of burbot in Lake Michigan, and they have not been found to be important in the diet of burbot in other studies. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,STEVENS POINT,WI 54481. MINNESOTA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,AITKIN,MN 56431. RP Fratt, TW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 7,YAMPA,CO 80483, USA. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 19 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0380-1330(97)70880-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WZ207 UT WOS:A1997WZ20700001 ER PT J AU Russell, VW Shukle, RH AF Russell, VW Shukle, RH TI Molecular and cytological analysis of a mariner transposon from Hessian fly SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; DNA-SEQUENCES; DROSOPHILA; ELEMENT; ARTHROPODS; INSECTS; GENE C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA,AGR RES SERV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Russell, VW (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 88 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WH725 UT WOS:A1997WH72500016 PM 9048446 ER PT J AU Allen, RG Wright, JL AF Allen, Richard G. Wright, James L. TI TRANSLATING WIND MEASUREMENTS FROM WEATHER STATIONS TO AGRICULTURAL CROPS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Logarithmically based functions were used to translate wind-speed measurements from weather stations to cropped fields. The translations adjusted the wind measurements for both instrument siting height and effects of vegetation height and roughness. The roughness of the original measurement site, of the vegetation for which wind data were desired and of the general region, were considered. The transfer function is necessary for wind measurements over clipped grass in order to directly predict evapotranspiration from agricultural crops using the Penman-Monteith equation. Differences in crop height and roughness between clipped grass and taller agricultural crops can reduce wind speed over the taller crops by as much as 50% in the lower internal boundary layer. C1 [Allen, Richard G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrig Engrg, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wright, James L.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Mgmt Res Unit, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Allen, RG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrig Engrg, Logan, UT 84322 USA. FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station [UTA00795, UTA00794]; Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture [58-91H2-0-344] FX This study was financially supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (projects UTA00795 and UTA00794) and the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (Agreement No. 58-91H2-0-344). NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 2 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1997)2:1(26) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V15AG UT WOS:000207774300004 ER PT J AU Hanson, CL Burgess, MD AF Hanson, C. L. Burgess, M. D. TI TIME- AND LEVEL-CONTROLLED FILLING SYSTEM FOR CLASS A EVAPORATION PANS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Recently developed integrated circuit technology and new reliable pressure transducers have made it possible to develop a battery-operated system to automatically fill class A evaporation pans from stored water. The system records and stores the average of 12 pan level records during a 1 min time period at the end of each 15 min period for later transmission to a central data storage facility. The measurement sensitivity of the system is 0.02 cm of evaporation over a range of 3.5 cm. A field calibration of the system showed that there was a very good (R(2) = 0.999) linear relationship between standard hook gage and pressure transducer water level measurements. This system is being used in remote locations because the circuitry draws very little quiescent current. A small solar panel keeps the system's 12 V battery fully charged. C1 [Hanson, C. L.; Burgess, M. D.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Hanson, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 2 IS 1 BP 37 EP 38 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1997)2:1(37) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V15AG UT WOS:000207774300005 ER PT J AU Ruef, BJ Tuo, WB Rodriguez, SD Roussel, AJ ChitkoMcKown, CG Palmer, GH McElwain, TF Canals, A Zarlenga, DS Gasbarre, LC Brown, WC AF Ruef, BJ Tuo, WB Rodriguez, SD Roussel, AJ ChitkoMcKown, CG Palmer, GH McElwain, TF Canals, A Zarlenga, DS Gasbarre, LC Brown, WC TI Immunization with Babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1 induces a type 1 cytokine response SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BOVIS MEROZOITE ANTIGENS; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; FASCIOLA-HEPATICA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; T-CELLS; EXPRESSION; CLONING; CATTLE; EPITOPES AB Rhoptry-associated protein-1 (RAP-1) homologues of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis are promising candidates for inclusion in subunit vaccines against these hemoprotozoan parasites, Partial protection against challenge infection has been achieved with native forms of these antigens, but the mechanism of immunity has not been thoroughly defined, We previously demonstrated that a panel of antigen-specific T helper cell clones derived from B. bigemina RAP-1-immunized cattle expressed relatively high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) protein and transcript and low levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicative of a type 1 immune response, In the current study we present evidence that subcutaneous immunization with native B. bigemina RAP-1 protein in RIBI adjuvant induces a predominant type 1 immune response in vivo, characterized by relatively high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in the draining prescapular lymph node. Ex vivo restimulation of draining lymph node lymphocytes with specific antigen resulted in proliferation and enhanced expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 transcript levels remained relatively low, These findings show that our previously described cytokine profiles of antigen-specific cloned T cell lines are representative of autologous in vivo responses and confirm that type 1 recall responses to B. bigemina RAP-1 can be evoked in immunized animals by native parasite antigen. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET LARGE ANIM MED & SURG,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,DEPT IMMUNOBIOL & DIS RESISTANCE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Ruef, Barbara/0000-0001-8690-979X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30136] NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1089/jir.1997.17.45 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA WH041 UT WOS:A1997WH04100007 PM 9041471 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV TI Determination of watershed curve number using derived distributions SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Curve numbers (CNs) are developed from measured rainfall (P) and runoff (Q) data, yet there is no standard method for determining CN. The original method of CN determination used maximum annual events. Subsequent development treated measured P and Q data as frequency distributions. In this paper, derived frequency distributions are evaluated as another method for determining watershed CNs from measured data, treating P and Q data as separate frequency distributions. A Monte Carlo simulation showed the derived-distribution method gave fewer variable estimates of CN fora wide range of sample sizes than two other methods for CN estimation. CN estimates using measured data with the derived-distribution method agreed well with CN estimated by the asymptotic method for the watershed types tested. The derived-distribution and asymptotic methods were in agreement, and the other methods gave lower CN estimates for the ''violent'' watershed type. CN was indeterminate for the derived-distribution and asymptotic methods for ''complacent'' watersheds. The derived-distribution method has a potential for determining CNs when there are limited P and Q data. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPT WATERSHED,POB 488,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 123 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1997)123:1(28) PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA WE469 UT WOS:A1997WE46900006 ER PT J AU daSilva, FM Burvenich, C Paape, MJ Beckers, JF Leen, AM AF daSilva, FM Burvenich, C Paape, MJ Beckers, JF Leen, AM TI Effect of cortisol, estradiol, progesterone and pregnancy associated glycoprotein on oxidative burst (OB) activity of bovine neutrophils (PMN). SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 STATE UNIV GHENT,GHENT,BELGIUM. UNIV LIEGE,B-4000 LIEGE,BELGIUM. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1997 SU S BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA YG406 UT WOS:A1997YG40600080 ER PT J AU Burvenich, C Monfardini, E Roets, E Paape, MJ Hoeben, D Leen, AM AF Burvenich, C Monfardini, E Roets, E Paape, MJ Hoeben, D Leen, AM TI Expression of L-selectin on bovine neutrophils (PMN) during experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 STATE UNIV GHENT,GHENT,BELGIUM. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1997 SU S BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA YG406 UT WOS:A1997YG40600078 ER PT J AU Neff, WE Jackson, MA List, GR King, JW AF Neff, WE Jackson, MA List, GR King, JW TI Qualitative and quantitative determination of methyl esters, free fatty acids, mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols via HPLC coupled with a flame ionization detector SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOYBEAN OIL; PALM OLEIN; INTERESTERIFICATION; LIPASE; BLENDS; LIPIDS AB High performance liquid chromatography- (HPLC) with a cyanopropyl phase column coupled directly to a commercial HPLC flame ionization detector (FID) and a gradient mobile phase of tert-butyl ether and hexane proved successful to separate and quantitate mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols, free fatty acids and methyl esters. These components can occur together during glycerolysis, lipolysis, randomization, and interesterification reactions of vegetable oils like soybean. Gravimetric standards were evaluated by HPLC-FID in which each contained mono-, di, and triacylglyceols, free fatty acids and methyl esters of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids respectively. The FID response with solute weight decreased in this order: triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, methyl esters, and monoacylglycerols, respectively. The FID thus required response factors to quantitate the components of mixtures of diverse lipid species. However, for homogenous compounds the FID response nas linear and response factors were not required, for example, for a series of free fatty acids like palmitic through linolenic. The commercial HPLC-FID proved satisfactory for facile quantitation of diverse lipid species in vegetable oil reaction mixtures. Good accuracy was obtained by HPLC with FID for soybean glycerolysis products, which contained mono, di and triacylglycerols. RP Neff, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1079 EP 1090 DI 10.1080/10826079708010960 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WR664 UT WOS:A1997WR66400008 ER PT J AU Foglia, TA Jones, KC AF Foglia, TA Jones, KC TI Quantitation of neutral lipid mixtures using high performance liquid chromatography with light scattering detection SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION AB A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for quantifying reaction mixtures obtained from the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of fats and oils. The reaction mixtures of interest were composed of neutral lipid classes that include alkyl esters, free fatty acids, triglycerides, 1,2- and 1,3-diglycerides, and 1 (2)-monoglycerides. The method, a modification of a literature procedure, uses a binary mobile phase of hexane (A) and methyl-t-butyl ether (B) each modified with acetic acid (0.4%) and a gradient elution profile that reduced analyses' times by 25%. Lipid classes were measured by use of an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Precision of injection and linearity of response of the ELSD over the range of sample amounts of interest were established for the lipid classes measured by use of standards. The method was applied to the compositional analysis of prospective biofuel alkyl esters prepared from fats, oils, and recycled greases. RP Foglia, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 12 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1829 EP 1838 DI 10.1080/10826079708005545 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XG548 UT WOS:A1997XG54800001 ER PT J AU Nunamaker, RA Mecham, JO Wigington, JG Ellis, JA AF Nunamaker, RA Mecham, JO Wigington, JG Ellis, JA TI Bluetongue virus in laboratory-reared Culicoides variipennis sonorensis: Applications of dot-blot, ELISA, and immunoelectron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides variipennis sonorensis; bluetongue virus; immunoelectron microscopy; ABC dot-blot; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID DIPTERA; CERATOPOGONIDAE; INFECTION; ANTIGEN AB An avidin-biotin complex (ABC) dot-blot, an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) were used to detect bluetongue (BLU) virus or viral antigen or both in adult Culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones. The dot-blot and ELISA procedures detected viral antigen in 10-22% (depending on serotype) of the biting midges infected with BLU-2, BLU-10, BLU-13, and BLU-17 and approximate to 68% of the midges infected with BLU-11. IEM analyses revealed BLU virus in salivary glands, fat body, and thoracic muscle tissue from infected insects. There appeared to be selective growth of the virus in salivary gland tissue. RP Nunamaker, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA WC655 UT WOS:A1997WC65500004 PM 9086705 ER PT J AU Nunamaker, RA Mecham, JO Holbrook, FR Lockwood, JA AF Nunamaker, RA Mecham, JO Holbrook, FR Lockwood, JA TI Applications of dot-blot, ELISA, and immunoelectron microscopy to field detection of bluetongue virus in Culicoides variipennis sonorensis: An ecological perspective SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides variipennis sonorensis; bluetongue virus; immunoelectron microscopy; ABC dot-blot; ELISA ID HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUS; ORAL INFECTION; CERATOPOGONIDAE; DIPTERA; ANTIGEN AB An avidin-biotin complex (ABC) dot-blot, an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) were used to detect bluetongue (BLU) virus and viral antigen in field-collected C. variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones from an enzootic BLU area in northeastern Colorado. This is the Ist attempt to apply these immunodiagnostic methods to an epidemiologically relevant, large-scale ecological system. One of the 1,800 midges (0.0005%) was positive by the dot-blot procedure, 2 (0.0011%) were positive by the ELISA, and BLU virus was identified in 8 midges (0.0044%) by IEM. These data are interpreted in context of the ''whole system'' of the disease to provide a framework for determining the knowledge gaps in our understanding and directing future studies in these areas. Our basic model of BLU ecology suggests that the infection rates found by the diagnostic methods are within expected ranges, thus strongly supporting the proposed ecological model and the work used to parameterize the model. This integration of immunodiagnostic methods and ecology makes it evident that further investigations of daily mortality during the extrinsic incubation period are vital to a better understanding of BLU virus occurrence in Culicoides Vector and vertebrate host populations. RP Nunamaker, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA WC655 UT WOS:A1997WC65500005 PM 9086706 ER PT J AU Chandler, DP Schreckhise, RW Smith, JL Bolton, H AF Chandler, DP Schreckhise, RW Smith, JL Bolton, H TI Electroelution to remove humic compounds from soil DNA and RNA extracts SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE electroelution; humics; PCR; rRNA; soil; 16S ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BACTERIAL-DNA; RAPID METHOD; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; AMPLIFIABLE DNA; AMPLIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; PURIFICATION; SEPARATION; BIOMASS AB The application of nucleic acid techniques to detect, identify, and monitor specific genes or organisms in soils or sediments is often complicated by the inhibitory effects of humic compounds that copurify with nucleic acids. A rapid electroelution technique was developed to separate inhibitory compounds from extracts of soil DNA and RNA. This technique was used in conjunction with PCR to detect nifH, terrestrial ammonia-oxidizer (TAO) 16S rRNA genes and TAO 16S rRNA from a variety of surface soils and contaminated sediments. After electroelution of crude nucleic acid extracts, PCR sensitivity was increased up to a factor of 10(4) relative to DNA templates that had not been electroeluted. Without electroelution of crude DNA extracts, target genes often remained undetected. Likewise, electroelution of crude RNA extracts increased RT-PCR sensitivity (for TAO 16S rRNA) by a factor of 10(3) relative to RNA extracts that had not been further purified. The electroelution technique will therefore be useful for rendering environmental nucleic acids extracted from soil and sediment more amenable to PCR methods and nucleic acid analysis. C1 FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98104 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, PULLMAN, WA 99161 USA. RP Chandler, DP (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MICROBIOL GRP, POB 999,MAILSTOP K4-06, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JAN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(96)00957-8 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA WU711 UT WOS:A1997WU71100002 ER PT J AU Giddings, MC Giddings, SB Clark, LJ Fuhriman, IT Packer, RG Thomson, WC Sindelar, J Brown, PR Grushka, E Knox, JH Novotny, MV Lochmueller, CH Ettre, LS Lee, ML Eyring, T Kirkland, J Karger, BL Yang, FJ Martin, M King, JW Thompson, GH Shin, HK Fuller, EN Wahlund, KG Gardella, JA Reschiglian, P Andreev, VP Davis, J AF Giddings, MC Giddings, SB Clark, LJ Fuhriman, IT Packer, RG Thomson, WC Sindelar, J Brown, PR Grushka, E Knox, JH Novotny, MV Lochmueller, CH Ettre, LS Lee, ML Eyring, T Kirkland, J Karger, BL Yang, FJ Martin, M King, JW Thompson, GH Shin, HK Fuller, EN Wahlund, KG Gardella, JA Reschiglian, P Andreev, VP Davis, J TI To dad, the explorer - J.Calvin Giddings SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. UNIV EDINBURGH,EDINBURGH,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. INDIANA UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IN. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,PROVO,UT 84602. UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. ROCKLAND TECHNOL,NEWPORT,DE. NORTHEASTERN UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02115. MICROTECH SCI,SUNNYVALE,CA. ESPCI,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. USDA,PEORIA,IL. UNIV NEVADA,RENO,NV 89557. ALLIED SIGNAL INC,KANSAS CITY,MO. LUND UNIV,LUND,SWEDEN. SUNY BUFFALO,NEW YORK,NY. RP Giddings, MC (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI, USA. RI Andreev, Victor/D-1780-2013; Wahlund, Karl-Gustav/A-1916-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 123 EP 150 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XB131 UT WOS:A1997XB13100002 ER PT J AU Kuang, W Nelson, SO AF Kuang, W Nelson, SO TI Dielectric relaxation characteristics of fresh fruits and vegetables from 3 to 20 GHz SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; permittivity; dielectric relaxation; fresh fruits; fresh vegetables ID AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AB The Debye equation and its derivatives were used to analyze experimental permittivity data of twenty-three kinds of fresh fruits and vegetables over the frequency range from 3 to 20 GHz. Cole-Cole plots and the epsilon'-vs.-omega epsilon '' fine were found useful in determining how well experimental data fit the Debye-type relaxation, whereas estimates of dielectric parameters provided by the epsilon'-vs.-epsilon ''/omega tine were subject to problems attributed to ionic conduction and sensitivity to measurement errors at the lower frequencies. RP Kuang, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 114 EP 122 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA XQ333 UT WOS:A1997XQ33300009 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO TI Microwave dielectric properties of shelled, yellow-dent field corn SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE permittivity; dielectric constant; loss factor; corn; moisture content; bulk density; temperature AB Dielectric properties of three hybrids of shelled, yellow-dent field corn were measured at different bulk densities and moisture contents in a Styrofoam container located between two ho rn antennas in free space. Relative complex permittivities were determined from measurements of attenuation and phase shift at frequencies from 11 to 18 GHz and at temperatures from 4 to 45 degrees C. The grain moisture content ranged from about 9% to 19%, wet basis. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 188 EP 194 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YF287 UT WOS:A1997YF28700008 ER PT J AU Stallard, L Reeves, PG AF Stallard, L Reeves, PG TI Zinc deficiency in adult rats reduces the relative abundance of testis-specific angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology CY JUN, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Biochem & Molec Biol DE zinc; angiotensin-converting enzyme; testes; mRNA; rats ID EPIDIDYMIS; ISOZYMES; SERUM; ASSAY AB Zinc deficiency results in reduced testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and reduced amounts of ACE protein in the testes of young rats, In the present study, we examined the effect of zinc deficiency on the relative abundance of testicular ACE mRNA and its relationship to ACE activity over time. Forty-five male rats at 7 wk of age were placed on one of three feeding regimens: 1) a diet adequate in zinc, 2) a diet deficient in zinc and 3) a diet adequate in zinc that was fed in an amount equal to that consumed by a paired mate fed the zinc-deficient diet. Rats were killed after 3, 5 and 7 wk. Rats fed the zinc-deficient diet had significantly lower (P < 0.01) body weight gain and testis weight al each week sampled than the other groups, They also showed compromised zinc status as evidenced by significantly lower (P < 0.01) serum and testis zinc concentrations. At each period, rats fed the zinc-deficient diet had significantly lower (P ( 0.01) testicular, ACE activity than rats fed either of the zinc-adequate diets. Coinciding with low ACE activity, there was a lower (P < 0.01) relative abundance of ACE mRNA in the group for the zinc-deficient diet than in either of the zinc-adequate groups. The results suggest that much of the low ACE activity in the testis of rats in the latter stages of zinc deficiency is attributable to a reduction in ACE gene transcription. However, an effect of the deficiency on ACE mRNA turnover is not ruled out. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 127 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WH338 UT WOS:A1997WH33800003 PM 9040539 ER PT J AU Keim, NL VanLoan, MD Horn, WF Barbieri, TF Mayclin, PL AF Keim, NL VanLoan, MD Horn, WF Barbieri, TF Mayclin, PL TI Weight loss is greater with consumption of large morning meals and fat-free mass is preserved with large evening meals in women on a controlled weight reduction regimen SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE humans; weight loss; body fat; fat-free mass ID SINGLE DAILY MEAL; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; DIURNAL-VARIATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; INSULIN; GLUCOSE; BODY; MICE AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether meal ingestion pattern [large morning meals (AM) vs. large evening meals (PM)] affects changes in body weight, body composition or energy utilization during weight loss. Ten women completed a metabolic ward study of 3-wk weight stabilization followed by 12 wk of weight toss with a moderately energy restricted diet [mean energy intake +/- SD = 107 +/- 6 kJ/(kg . d)] and regular exercise. The weight loss phase was divided into two 6-wk periods. During period 1, 70% of daily energy intake was taken as two meals in the AM (n = 4) or in the PM (n = 6). Subjects crossed over to the alternate meal time in period 2. Both weight loss and fat-free mass loss were greater with the AM than the PM meal pattern: 3.90 +/- 0.19 vs. 3.27 +/- 0.26 kg/6 wk, P < 0.05, and 1.28 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.16 kg/6 wk, P < 0.001, respectively. Change in fat mass and loss of body energy were affected by order of meal pattern ingestion. The PM pattern resulted in greater loss of fat mass in period 1 (P < 0.01) but not in period 2. Likewise, resting mid-afternoon fat oxidation rate was higher with the PM pattern in period 1 (P < 0.05) but not in period 2, corresponding with the fat mass changes. To conclude, ingestion of larger AM meals resulted in slightly greater weight loss, but ingestion of larger PM meals resulted in better maintenance of fat-free mass. Thus, incorporation of larger PM meals in a weight loss regimen may be important in minimizing the loss of fat-free mass. RP Keim, NL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. OI Horn, William/0000-0002-2681-4163 NR 31 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 127 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WH338 UT WOS:A1997WH33800012 PM 9040548 ER PT J AU Motil, KJ Sheng, HP Montandon, CM Wong, WW AF Motil, KJ Sheng, HP Montandon, CM Wong, WW TI Human milk protein does not limit growth of breast-fed infants SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; growth; dietary protein; breastfeeding; human milk; infants ID BODY-COMPOSITION; AGE; REQUIREMENTS; PERFORMANCE; BIRTH; WATER AB Background: The efficiency with which breast- and formula-fed infants utilize dietary nutrients is likely to provide insight into their relative requirements for the growth process. Methods: We measured longitudinal changes in growth, body composition, and dietary intakes in breast-and formula-fed infants and estimated the gross efficiency with which dietary nitrogen and energy were used for lean body mass and body fat deposition. Lean body mass and body fat were determined in 10 breast-fed and 10 formula-fed infants at 6-week intervals during the first 24 weeks of life by the O-18 dilution technique. Dietary nitrogen and energy intakes were determined from the amount of milk and food consumed and the nutrient content of the feedings. The gross efficiency of nutrient utilization was calculated for each infant from the cumulative dietary intake and the change in body composition with time. Results: Length and weight gains and lean body mass and body fat accretion during the first 24 weeks of life were similar between breast-and formula-fed infants despite significantly higher nitrogen and energy intakes of the formulated group. The gross efficiency of dietary nitrogen utilization for lean body mass deposition was almost two-fold lower in formula-than in breast-fed infants, whereas the efficiency of dietary energy utilization for lean body mass and body fat deposition was similar between groups. Despite apparent differences in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization, there was no association between lean body mass deposition and dietary protein intake, implying that human milk protein does not limit growth quantitatively in breast-fed infants. Conclusions: These differences in nutrient utilization illustrate the biologic adaptability of human infants who are quipped with mechanisms that promote normal growth despite the variability of their nutrient intake. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Motil, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-00188-30] NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1097/00005176-199701000-00006 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA WP027 UT WOS:A1997WP02700004 PM 9093980 ER PT J AU Berg, WA AF Berg, WA TI Residual nitrogen effects on wheat following legumes in the Southern Plains SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA; FERTILIZATION; YIELDS AB Increasing nitrogen (N) fertilizer prices give rise to the question of N benefits from legumes in cropping systems in the Southern Great Plains. This study quantified wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) hay production and N uptake over seven years following six years of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.), or grass (Old World bluestem, Bothriochloa ischaemum L.) production in western Oklahoma. Precipitation over the seven years averaged 550 mm . yr(-1). The major residual N effects were measured within the first five years. On a fine sandy loam soil, wheat hay yields averaged 3,070 kg . ha(-1). yr(-1) over five years following alfalfa, 2,580 kg . ha(-1). yr(-1) following milkvetch, and 950 kg . ha(-1)yr(-1) following grass with N uptake attributed to the residual effect from legumes (calculated by the difference method) averaged 34 kg N ha(-1). yr(-1) from alfalfa and 25 kg . ha . yr(-1) from milkvetch. On a deep loamy sand soil, wheat hay yields averaged 1,290 kg . ha(-1). yr(-1) over five years following alfalfa and 710 kg . ha(-1). yr(-1) following grass with N uptake attributed to the residual effect from alfalfa averaged 8 kg N ha(-1). yr(-1). Thus, the residual N effect attributed to legumes was substantial on the fine sandy loam soil and relatively small on the deep loamy sand soil. RP Berg, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1080/01904169709365247 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WP432 UT WOS:A1997WP43200004 ER PT J AU Griffith, SM Alderman, SC Streeter, DJ AF Griffith, SM Alderman, SC Streeter, DJ TI Italian ryegrass and nitrogen source fertilization in Western Oregon in two contrasting climatic years .1. Growth and seed yield SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NITRATE; GRASSES AB Prescription based nitrogen (N) fertilization of crops in a given local environment begins by understanding factors affecting crop N use and relating these factors to a time scale most directly related to crop growth. For these reasons the following objectives were sought for an economically important grass seed crop in western Oregon, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). One, to determine the influence of N source (NH4-N and NO3-N) on crop growth and seed yield. Second, to determine the relationship between accumulated growing degree days (GDD) and plant ontogeny and relate these findings to N-source effects on growth and seed yield parameters. Field plots were established in 1991 and again in 1992. Five N-source treatments were applied: calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium chloride (AC), and urea-dicyandiamide (DCD). Nitrogen-source treatments had no effect on root and shoot dry mass accumulation in either year. Ammonium-N fertilization increased tiller number per unit area compared to all NO3-N fertilization in 1991 only. Nitrogen source did not affect plant dry mass either year. Between year differences in dry mass accumulation across N treatments were concluded to be the result of climatic and lodging factors. Across N treatments, 1992 seed yield was approximately 2.5-fold greater than that of 1991. Early crop lodging in 1991 contributed to reduced seed yield. In the drier, warmer year of 1992, seed yield was greatest with AN and urea-DCD fertilizers. Temperature was the major regulator of growth and development under conditions of equally applied N. Even with contrasting annual climatic conditions, growth data comparisons on a GDD basis was a very effective means of comparing plant growth between years. Grass seed growers could potentially increase N-use efficiency and economic seed yield by more effectively matching timing and amount of N applied to crop demand by using a GDD time scale. By using this scale, greater consistency of on-farm management practices (e.g., fertilization) form year-to-year could result. Data support findings that ryegrass seed production is best under enhanced NH4-N nutrition. RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1080/01904169709365263 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WW057 UT WOS:A1997WW05700001 ER PT J AU Griffith, SM Alderman, SC Streeter, DJ AF Griffith, SM Alderman, SC Streeter, DJ TI Italian ryegrass and nitrogen source fertilization in Western Oregon in two contrasting climatic years .2. Plant nitrogen accumulation and soil nitrogen status SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SEED AB To develop optimum nitrogen (N) fertilization practices with the least impact on environmental quality and with the greatest economic return, it is imperative that a greater understanding of crop and soil N dynamics be sought. This paper reports on research conducted with these objectives: (i) to determine the relationship between plant N and dry matter accumulation and soil N status as affected by N-source fertilization as a function of accumulated growing degree days (GDD), and (ii) to determine if western Oregon soil conditions favor ammonium (NH4) over nitrate (NO3) nutrition during the period of grass seed crop growth. In a companion paper, plant growth and seed yield component data were discussed in relation to N-source treatments and climatic year effects. Western Oregon field plots of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were fertilized with calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and urea-dicyandiamide (DCD) to manipulate soil NH4 and NO3 ratios. Italian ryegrass accumulated the greatest portion of plant N and dry mass between tiller elongation and mid-heading. Reduced growth and seed yield in 1991, compared to 1992, were associated with lodging and low soil pH. Higher soil NH4 levels in 1991 was most likely responsible for a greater reduction in soil pH for that year. Declines in soil pH due to elevated NH4 levels during climate years normal to western Oregon, wet and cool, may have an additive effect to other factors limiting seed yield. When cool wet soil conditions exist NH4 was the predominate mineral N-form. Information reported here and in the companion paper is valuable to farm managers and consultants in the context of N fertilization of ryegrass grown for seed in western Oregon. It begins to establish criteria for the future development of site specific nutrient management plans and adds knowledge that will aid in improving N-use efficiency through improving N fertilizer timing and N source use. RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1080/01904169709365264 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WW057 UT WOS:A1997WW05700002 ER PT J AU McCallister, DL Jawson, LA Jawson, MD AF McCallister, DL Jawson, LA Jawson, MD TI Soil temperature and fumigation effects on plant phosphorus uptake and related microbial properties SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS; INFECTION; ROOTS AB Early season problems with growth of corn (Zea mays L.) under cool, wet conditions prompted a study of the effects of soil and environmental conditions on mineralization and plant uptake of phosphorus (P). Our objective was to determine the effect of soil test P, temperature, and soil fumigation on soil P availability and uptake during early corn growth. Corn was grown in growth chambers at temperatures of 14 degrees C or 25 degrees C. Soils were a high-P Hastings silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Udic Argiustoll) and a low-P Sharpsburg clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Plants grew for up to 42 d either in soil which had been fumigated with methyl bromide to reduce microbial populations or left unfumigated. We harvested whole pots for soil and plant analysis at 1, 14, 28, and 42 d after planting. Biomass carbon (C) and biomass P were lower in fumigated soils and biomass C increased with time. Fumigation increased Bray P1-extractable P at all times. Phosphatase activity and mycorrhizal colonization were both reduced by fumigation. Cumulative plant P uptake was highest in Hastings at 25 degrees C. Higher temperature and higher initial P status increased plant P uptake during early growth. Plants grown in fumigated soil did not take up more P, despite greater extractable P. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP McCallister, DL (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 485 EP 497 DI 10.1080/01904169709365269 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WW057 UT WOS:A1997WW05700007 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Baligar, VC TI Upland rice genotypes evaluation for phosphorus use efficiency SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LIME AB Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most important yield-limiting factors in acid soils in various parts of the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and P-use efficiency of 20 upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes at low (0 mg P kg(-1)), medium (75 mg P kg(-1)), and high (150 mg P kg(-1)) levels of applied P on an Oxisol. Plant height, tillers, shoot and root dry weight, shoot-root ratio, P concentration in root and shoot, P uptake in root and shoot, and P-use efficiency were significantly (P<0.01) affected by :level of soil P as well as genotype. Shoot weight and P uptake in shoot were found to be the plant parameters most sensitive to P deficiency, suggesting that these two parameters may be most suitable for screening rice genotypes for P-use efficiency under greenhouse conditions. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA,NATL RICE & BEAN RES CTR,CAIXA POSTAL 179,BR-74001 GOIANIA,GO,BRAZIL. NR 11 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1080/01904169709365270 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WW057 UT WOS:A1997WW05700008 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT Meredith, WR AF Pettigrew, WT Meredith, WR TI Dry matter production, nutrient uptake, and growth of cotton as affected by potassium fertilization SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VERTICILLIUM WILT; SOIL; QUALITY; YIELDS AB Insufficient potassium (K) nutrition produces detrimental effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yield and fiber quality. To further understand the deleterious effects caused by K deficiency, a 2-yr (1991 and 1992) field study was conducted to determine how dry matter partitioning and nutrient concentrations of various plant tissues for the cotton genotypes, 'DES 119' and 'MD 51 ne', were altered by varying the application rate of fertilizer K and nitrogen (N). All plots received a preplant application of 112 kg N ha(-1), and half of the plots were later sidedressed with an additional 38 kg N ha(-1). Within each N treatment, half the plots received 112 kg K ha(-1), preplant incorporated, with the remaining plots not receiving any fertilizer K. Dry matter harvests were taken three times in 1991 and two times in 1992. At cutout (slowing of vegetative growth and flowering), plants that received K fertilization had a 14% more leaf area index (LAI), a 3% increase in the number of main stem nodes, and a 2% increase in plant height. However, those plants had a 12% lower specific leaf weight (SLW) than plants receiving no K fertilization. By the end of season, the of K fertilization had resulted in more stem (21%), bur (13%), seed (19%), and lint weight (20%), but harvest index was not affected. Varying the level of N fertilization did not affect any of these dry matter parameters at any harvest. In general, the larger plants produced under K fertilization had reduced concentrations of N, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) in the various plant parts. While N uptake efficiency was not affected by K fertility, plants that received K fertilization had increased efficiency of fertilizer N use and of N utilization within the plant. The smaller LAI of the K deficient plants probably reduced the photosynthetic capacity per plant. A reduced assimilation capacity could explain the inefficiency of N use, lint yield reductions, and poorer fiber quality often associated with K deficiencies. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 31 TC 55 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 531 EP 548 DI 10.1080/01904169709365272 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WW057 UT WOS:A1997WW05700010 ER PT J AU Bethlenfalvay, GJ Schreiner, RP Mihara, KL AF Bethlenfalvay, GJ Schreiner, RP Mihara, KL TI Mycorrhizal fungi effects on nutrient composition and yield of soybean seeds SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GLOMUS-RHIZOBIUM SYMBIOSIS; PROTEIN; COLONIZATION; GLYCINE; DEFOLIATION; CORN AB Nutrient composition and yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] seeds are heritable traits affected by environmental factors. This study determined the effects of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on seed protein, lipid, and phosphorus (P) composition and yield in soybean grown under a high nitrogen (N) regime. Plants were grown in pot cultures without AM fungi in P-fertilized (+P) or unfertilized (-P) soil, or in -P soil inoculated with one of the AM fungi Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe (Gm), Glomus etunicatum Becker and Gerd.(Ge), or Gigaspora rosea Nicol. and Schenck (Gr). Seed yields of +AM plants, as a group, were halfway between those of the +P and -P plants. Seed size was highest in Gm plants. Differences in protein concentrations between Ge and Gr and the other treatments were highly significant. Seed P and protein concentrations were not significantly correlated (p=0.162), but a highly significant (r=-0.949) negative correlation between seed P and lipid concentrations was observed. Phosphorus concentration was highest and that of lipids lowest in +AM plants. Seed yield and nutrient composition were independent of the intensity of root colonization. The seed protein/lipid ratio was highly correlated with seed P concentration and was significantly higher for +AM plants, as a group, than for both +P and -P -AM plants. Differences in seed dry weight, size, seed/stem ratio, P content, and protein concentration among +AM plants showed mycorrhiza-specific host responses. These responses suggest that AM fungi can modify soybean seed development and chemical composition. RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 581 EP 591 DI 10.1080/01904169709365276 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WW057 UT WOS:A1997WW05700014 ER PT J AU Krizek, DT Kramer, GF Mirecki, RM AF Krizek, DT Kramer, GF Mirecki, RM TI Influence of UV-B radiation and putrescine on shoot and root growth of cucumber seedlings grown in nutrient solution SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; POLYAMINES; IRRADIANCE; CUTTINGS; DAMAGE; PLANTS AB Poinsett cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were grown in growth chambers in nutrient solution containing 0 or 500 mu M putrescine (Put) and were exposed to 0.2 or 15 kJ.m(-2).day(-1) of biologically effective UV-B radiation to determine the comparative sensitivity of shoots and roots to increased UVB and the possible protective effect of polyamines. Shoot growth in UV-B-treated plants was reduced 48%, root growth 63%, total leaf area 38%, and specific leaf weight (SLW) 22%. This was in contrast to previous reports of increased SLW in cucumber plants grown in vermiculite or in a peat-vermiculite mix. Putrescine treatment increased leaf area in the second and third leaf and total leaf area and Put also increased dry weight of shoots, but had no effect on dry weight of roots or on SLW. The Put treatment was ineffective in ameliorating UV-B induced leaf chlorosis. This is the first report of greater sensitivity of roots to UV-B radiation than of shoots in plants grown in solution culture. This could have significant consequences on marginal lands where root growth is already under limiting conditions. RP Krizek, DT (reprint author), ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 613 EP 623 DI 10.1080/01904169709365281 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XB851 UT WOS:A1997XB85100001 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Crowley, DE AF Manthey, JA Crowley, DE TI Leaf and root responses to iron deficiency in avocado SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION AB Physiological responses to iron (Fe) deficiency were characterized in the roots and leaves of avocado plants. These responses included sharply higher catecholase activity, but slightly lower peroxidase activity in leaves and roots of avocado seedlings grown in minus Fe nutrient solutions, and in Fe-deficient leaves of field trees. Iron deficiency in avocado seedlings resulted in much higher rates of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] reduction on the root surfaces. Similarly, the initial rates of FeHEDTA reduction were greater for roots of Fe-deficient avocado seedlings. In contrast, root respiration rates were relatively unaffected by Fe deficiency. Large differences in the manganese (Mn) and zinc(Zn) concentrations in the leaves of the Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient avocado seedlings suggested that the physiological responses that occurred in the roots during Fe deficiency influenced the uptake of other metal micronutrients. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,USDA,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. RI Crowley, David/C-1216-2014 OI Crowley, David/0000-0002-1805-8599 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 683 EP 693 DI 10.1080/01904169709365286 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XB851 UT WOS:A1997XB85100006 ER PT J AU Raese, JT AF Raese, JT TI Cold tolerance, yield, and fruit quality of 'd'Anjou' pears influenced by nitrogen fertilizer rates and time of application SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; TREES; HARDINESS AB Low and moderate rates of ammonium nitrate (NH,NO,) fertilizer were applied in late winter or late summer to mature 'd' Anjou' pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees (planted 1963, 1965) from 1976 to 1994. Data on cold tolerance, nutrition, yield and fruit quality in relation to nitrogen (N) fertilization were collected between 1980 and 1988. Early autumn cold tolerance was higher for trees receiving low N rates versus moderate N rates in either late winter or late summer. In late autumn and early winter, cold tolerance increased for all trees, and little difference in winter hardiness existed for any N treatment. By mid-winter, cold tolerance was higher for trees receiving the moderate rate of N in late winter versus low N in late summer. Cold tolerance was relatively high throughout autumn and winter freeze-test periods for trees fertilized with low N in late winter. Tree vigor, fruit size, leafN, and fruit N were highest for trees receiving the late winter, moderate rate of N. Yield was lowest, but fruit firmness, fruit quality and fruit calcium (Ca) concentrations were highest for trees treated with the late winter, low rate of N. The incidence of cork spot was lower from trees with the late winter, low N treatment than for the late summer, moderate N-treated trees. RP Raese, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 7-8 BP 1007 EP 1025 DI 10.1080/01904169709365313 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL363 UT WOS:A1997XL36300017 ER PT J AU Krizek, DT Foy, CD Mirecki, RM AF Krizek, DT Foy, CD Mirecki, RM TI Influence of aluminum stress on shoot and root growth of contrasting genotypes of Coleus SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CHILLING INJURY; TOLERANCES; WHEAT; PRETREATMENT; CULTIVARS; TOXICITY AB Two cultivars of Coleus blumei Benth., found previously to differ in stress tolerance to UV-B radiation, water stress, and air pollutants-stress-tolerant 'Marty' ('M') and stress-sensitive 'Buckley Supreme' ('BS')-were grown in a greenhouse at Beltsville, MD in nutrient solutions containing 0 to 24 mg aluminum (Al) L-1 (Experiments I and II) and on an acid Al-toxic Tatum subsoil (clayey, mixed, thermic, Typic Hapludult) (Experiment III) at six lime levels, from 0 to 6,000 mu g calcium carbonate (CaCO3) g(-1) (pH 4.47 to 7.30 and percent Al saturations from 60 to 0) to characterize their possible genotypic differences in response to Al toxicity. Significant inhibitory effects of Al stress on shoot growth were generally observed in solution culture at 8 mg Al L-1 or higher, while inhibition of root growth in solution culture was generally observed at 16 mg L-1 or higher. At 16 and 24 mg Al L-1 (Experiment II), the relative dry weights of shoots and roots were reduced to about 60% of the control values in both cultivars. Leaf tissue concentrations of phosphorus (P) and Al were increased and calcium (Ca) was decreased at 24 mg Al L-1. Both cultivars of Coleus were extremely tolerant to Al stress, both in nutrient solution and in an acid Al-toxic Tatum subsoil. Thus; Coleus appears to be a calcifuge type plant, resembling azalea in its behavior. The lack of differential sensitivity to Al is in contrast to the responses of these cultivars to other environmental stresses such as drought, UV-B radiation, and air pollutants. RP Krizek, DT (reprint author), ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,NRI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1045 EP 1060 DI 10.1080/01904169709365317 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XT228 UT WOS:A1997XT22800002 ER PT J AU Foy, CD AF Foy, CD TI Tolerances of lupin species and genotypes to acid soil and coal mine spoil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALBUS L; PROTEOID ROOTS; ALUMINUM; RHIZOSPHERE; EXCRETION; IRON; SUPERPHOSPHATE; ANGUSTIFOLIUS; PHOSPHORUS; DEFICIENCY AB Twenty-five genotypes of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), 20 of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) and 20 of narrow leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) were grown in greenhouse pots of an acid, Al-toxic Tatum subsoil (clayey, mixed, thermic Hapludult) and a coal mine spoil with and without lime treatments. On the Tatum subsoil at pH 4.7 [72% aluminum (Al) saturation], entries of all three species grew well and showed little response to lime at pH 5.9. Kiev mutant, a white lupin, was green at pH 4.7 and 5.9, but several other white lupin entries showed a mottled chlorosis at both pH levels. Yellow and narrow leafed entries were green at pH 4.7 and 5.9. On the Tatum subsoil at pH 4.3, white lupins showed a range of chlorosis, with PI 316279 and PI 316276 being most resistant and Chilton least resistant. All yellow entries were chlorotic at pH 4.3. Liming the Tatum subsoil to pH 7.3 reduced or prevented chlorosis, but had little effect on vegetative growth. Based on relative shoot dry weight (wt at pH 4.3/wt at pH 7.3 x 100), yellow lupins (despite susceptibility to chlorosis) appeared somewhat more tolerant to the Tatum subsoil at pH 4.3 than white or narrow leafed entries. By this criterion, PI 316276 was most tolerant and PI 289161 least tolerant to the acid soil. At pH 4.1 on the Tatum subsoil, the white lupin PI 251559 was green, but other white entries showed necrosis and distortion of young leaves. Yellow lupin genotypes were green at pH 4.1. Liming to pH 5.5 prevented chlorosis and generally increased growth. At pH 4.0 on mine spoil, two white lupins (Kiev mutant and PI 287241) were green and vigorous, but two yellow entries (PI 289168 and PI 414208) were chlorotic. Two narrow leafed entries (SNLL-87 and Yorrel) were more resistant to chlorosis than those of yellow lupin. Liming the mine spoil to pH 5.5 prevented chlorosis. Preliminary evidence indicated that susceptibility of yellow lupins to chlorosis on acid mine spoil was due to the interference in iron (Fe) metabolism by other mineral elements [Al, manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni)] and not to reduced Fe uptake. RP Foy, CD (reprint author), ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,NRI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1095 EP 1118 DI 10.1080/01904169709365321 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XT228 UT WOS:A1997XT22800006 ER PT J AU Foy, CD AF Foy, CD TI Tolerance of eastern gamagrass to excess aluminum in acid soil and nutrient solution SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID WHEAT AB Eastern gamagrass, Tripsacum dactyloides L., has been reported to tolerate a wide variety of soil conditions, including drought, flooding, and acidity, but its specific tolerance to aluminum (Al) has not been tested. One strain of this species, PMK Select Lot 94 SFG-1, was tested for its tolerance to excess Al in an acid, Al-toxic Tatum subsoil (clayey, mixed, thermic, Typic Hapludult) and in nutrient solutions containing Al. Roots were able to penetrate unfertilized Tatum subsoil at pH levels as low as 4.1-4.2 (1:1 soil-water), at Al saturations of 64 to 77% of CEC, and to tolerate Al concentrations in nutrient solution that would be lethal for many crop plants. For example, with 4 mg Al L-1 and a final solution pH of 4.67, shoot and root dry weights were 75 and 76%, respectively, of those with no Al. Even with 24 mg Al L-1 and a final solution pH of 4.13, shoot and root dry weights were 45 and 46%, respectively, of those for the no Al check treatment. Hence, this strain of gamagrass shows promise for use on soils having acidic, Al-toxic subsoil layers that act as root barriers and predispose plants to injury by drought. Roots of gamagrass are also reported to penetrate hard clay pans and to create root channels for subsequent crops that lack this ability. Current studies indicate that the strain tested was susceptible to a chlorosis resembling iron (Fe) deficiency when grown in a Jiffy Mix potting mixture or with excess Al in nutrient solutions. Hence, gamagrass is tentatively being classified as a calcifuge [Al tolerant-Fe-inefficient]. In the current experiment, considerable plant to plant variability was noted regarding susceptibility to this chlorosis factor and to a purpling symptom resembling phosphorus (P) deficiency. Results indicate that an exhaustive screening of gamagrass populations could identify strains that are more suitable for specific soil situations. RP Foy, CD (reprint author), ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,NRI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1119 EP 1136 DI 10.1080/01904169709365322 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XT228 UT WOS:A1997XT22800007 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Baligar, VC TI Phosphorus-use efficiency by corn genotypes SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a principal yield-limiting factor for annual crop production in acid soils of temperate as well as tropical regions. The objective of this study was to screen nine corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes at low (0 mg P kg(-1)), medium (75 mg P kg(-1)), and high (150 mg P kg(-1)) levels of P applied in an Oxisol. Plant height, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot-root ratio, P concentration in shoot and root, P uptake in root and shoot, and P-use efficiency parameters were significantly (P<0.01) influenced by P treatments. Significant genotype differences were found in plant height, shoot and root dry weight, P uptake in root and shoot, and P-use efficiency. Based on dry matter production and P-use efficiency, genotypes were classified as efficient and responsive, efficient and nonresponsive, nonefficient and responsive, and nonefficient and nonresponsive. C1 ARS,USDA,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BEAVER,WV 25813. EMBRAPA,NATL RICE & BEAN RES CTR,BR-74001970 GOIANIA,GO,BRAZIL. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1267 EP 1277 DI 10.1080/01904169709365334 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XX328 UT WOS:A1997XX32800003 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Baligar, VC TI Response of common bean, upland rice, corn, wheat, and soybean to soil fertility of an Oxisol SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Plant nutrient deficiencies are the main yield-limiting factors in highly weathered acid soils around the world. Five greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol to identify nutrient deficiencies in common bean, upland rice, corn, wheat, and soybean. The treatments consisted of 13 fertility levels including an adequate level and remaining without application of one of the essential plant macro-or micronutrients. Dry matter yield of tops of all the crop species was affected by fertility treatments; however, significant effects of treatments were obtained in the case of common bean, upland rice, and corn. Based on tops dry weight under different treatments compared to adequate fertility level (AFL), the most yield-limiting nutrients were in the order of phosphorus (P) > calcium (Ca) > magnesium (Mg) > boron (B) > zinc (Zn) for common bean, P > molybdenum (Mo) for upland rice, and P for corn. For the wheat crop, there was substantial decrease in tops dry weight in the absence of Ca, P, and potassium (K) nutrients. In the case of soybean, substantial tops dry weight reduction was due to deficiency in the order of P > Ca > Zn. C1 ARS,USDA,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BEAVER,WV 25813. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA,NATL RICE & BEAN RES CTR,CAIXA POSTAL 179,BR-74001970 GOIANIA,GO,BRAZIL. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1279 EP 1289 DI 10.1080/01904169709365335 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XX328 UT WOS:A1997XX32800004 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, SR Mayland, HF AF Wilkinson, SR Mayland, HF TI Yield and mineral concentration of HiMag compared to other tall fescue cultivars grown in the Southern Piedmont SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIABILITY; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; MAGNESIUM; ANIMALS; FORAGE AB HiMag is an experimental cultivar derived from Missouri 96 (Mo96) and Kentucky 31 (K31) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) parentage for increased calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and reduced potassium (K)/ (Ca+Mg). Our objective was to determine productivity and mineral characteristics of endophyte-free (E-) HiMag in relation to standard tall fescue cultivars when grown in the Southern Piedmont Land Resource Area. In experiment 1, HiMag (E-) and K31 (E-) were grown at two levels of phosphorus (P), K, and lime additions to both severely eroded, and non-eroded Cecil soil (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic family of Typic Hapludults). Herbage Ca and Mg were greater and K/(Ca+ Mg) and yield were less for HiMag than for K31. Phosphorus and K concentrations were not different. Herbage yields, P, Ca, and Mg concentrations were increased by P, K, and lime additions. In experiment 2, HiMag(E-), K31(E-), endophyte-infected K31(E+), Mo I(E+), Mo II (E+), and AU Triumph (E-) were planted either in a prepared seedbed or planted without tillage into the Cecil soil. HiMag yields were not different from Mo-I, Mo-II or K31(E+/-), but were less than those of AU Triumph (E-). HiMag yield response to no-till planting, past soil erosion, and fertilizer level was similar to that of K31 (E+/-). Fertilizer level, and soil condition affected the magnitude of differences In mineral levels in HiMag and K31 (E+/-), but K/(Ca+Mg) values were more favorable in HiMag. All tall fescue cultivars established equally well in no-till or prepared seedbeds. Aside from a slightly lower first harvest yield there were no important effects of planting no-till versus planting in a prepared seedbed. HiMag's agronomic attributes, while not superior to other cultivars, were sufficient to justify further testing to improve Mg nutrition of grazing animals. C1 ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,USDA,KIMBERLY,ID 83301. RP Wilkinson, SR (reprint author), ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,USDA,1420 EXPT STN RD,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1317 EP 1331 DI 10.1080/01904169709365337 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XX328 UT WOS:A1997XX32800006 ER PT J AU Johnson, EL Campbell, TA Foy, CD AF Johnson, EL Campbell, TA Foy, CD TI Effect of soil pH on mineral element concentrations of two Erythroxylum species SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ACID; TOLERANCES; LINES AB Erythroxylum coca var. coca Lam. (E. coca) and Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense (Morris) Hieron (E. n. novogranatense) are two of four Erythroxylum species grown in the tropics of South America for cultural medicines and the alkaloid benzoylmethylecgonine. In a published study of biomass production over a soil pH range of 3.5 to 7.0, E. coca grew best at a pH equal to and below 5.5, and E. n. novogranatense grew best within the pH range of 4.7 to 6.0. Erythroxylum coca was tentatively classified as more tolerant to metal toxicities [aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn)] than E, n. novogranatense, however, concentration patterns of mineral elements for E. coca and E. n. novogranatense tissue have not been reported, nor have the mechanisms of differential acid-soil-tolerance been elucidated. In the current study, the effects of soil pH on concentrations of Al, calcium(Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), Mn, and zinc (Zn) in leaves, stems, and roots were investigated. At pH 3.5, roots of both species accumulated high concentrations of Al that decreased as soil pH increased, however, there was no pH x species interaction. The highest concentration of Ca was found in the leaves of both species, however, E. coca accumulated more Ca as soil pH increased than did E. n. novogranatense. Manganese and Zn levels were highest in roots of both species (E. coca and E. n. novogranatense); levels in all tissues decreased with increasing pH. Manganese concentration was highest in roots of E. coca and Zn concentration was highest in tissues off. n. novogranatense. Copper, Fe, K, and Mg levels were erratic with increasing pH, indicating that sufficient amounts of these nutrients are acquired at low pH levels. Root concentrations of Fe and K in E. coca increased markedly between pH 3.5 and 4.7. At pH 3.5, E. coca demonstrated no symptoms of mineral deficiency and/or toxicity, however, chlorosis, leaf distortion and root atrophy were prevalent at pH 6.5 and 7.0. By contrast, E. n. novogranatense demonstrated diminished growth and root atrophy at soil pH 3.5, whereas at pH 6.5 and 7.0, although biomass production was reduced, no symptoms of mineral deficiency and/or toxicity were present. The species obviously behave differentially at pH extremes and E. coca appears to be most tolerant of extremely acid soils; the two species may also differ in mineral sensitivities between the species at higher pH levels. Erythroxylum coca may compete more effectively with Al for Ca binding sites within the root, and may have greater internal tolerance of Mn, compared with E. n. novogranatense. C1 ARS,USDA,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ARS,USDA,NAT RESOURCES INST,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,INST PLANT SCI,WEED SCI LAB,BLDG 050,RM 132 BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1503 EP 1515 DI 10.1080/01904169709365352 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YD451 UT WOS:A1997YD45100005 ER PT J AU Clark, RB Zeto, SK Baligar, VC Ritchey, KD AF Clark, RB Zeto, SK Baligar, VC Ritchey, KD TI Growth traits and mineral concentrations of maize hybrids grown on unlimed and limed acid soil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; TROPICAL MAIZE; SORGHUM GENOTYPES; SELECTION; POPULATION; CORN; CULTIVARS; MANGANESE; SILICON AB Growing crop plants tolerant to acid soils is an alternative for successful production on acid soils with limited inputs, especially lime. Acid soil- or aluminum (Al)-tolerant plants offer considerable protection against soil acidity problems. Thirteen maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids developed for production under various environmental conditions were grown (greenhouse) on two acid soils (unlimed and limed) to determine differences among hybrids for growth traits, mineral acquisition, and relative tolerance to acid soil. Porters soil induced greater acid soil stress on maize than did Lily soil, although shoot/root dry matter (DM) ratios were affected more in plants grown on Lily than on Porters soil. Shoot and root DM and total root length (RL) over all hybrids followed sequences of Limed Lily greater than or equal to Limed Porters > Unlimed Lily > Unlimed Porters, and the trait with the greatest variation among hybrids was total RL. Specific RL (total RL/root DM) over all hybrids followed a sequence of Limed Lily = Limed Porters = Unlimed Lily>Unlimed Porters, with relatively small variations among hybrids. Shoot DM/RL among hybrids followed a sequence of Unlimed Porters greater than or equal to Unlimed Lily > Limed Lily Limed Porters, and had the least variation among hybrids. Two Brazilian hybrids (HD 91102 and HD 9176) had highest DM and total RL to indicate relatively high tolerance to acid soil stresses, while other hybrids (ten from the United States rand one from Brazil) had relatively small differences for growth traits to indicate moderate to low tolerance to acid soils. Although genotypes differed widely for mineral element concentrations, no significant differences in mineral elements between more and less tolerant genotypes were noted. RP Clark, RB (reprint author), ARS, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, USDA, POB 400, BEAVER, WV 25813 USA. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1773 EP 1795 DI 10.1080/01904169709365374 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YH545 UT WOS:A1997YH54500011 ER PT J AU Raese, JT Drake, SR AF Raese, JT Drake, SR TI Nitrogen fertilization and elemental composition affects fruit quality of 'Fuji' apples SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MINERAL ANALYSES; PREHARVEST AB In 1989 to 1995, five rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer were applied to 'Fuji' apple trees grafted on 'Delicious' and 'Granny Smith' interstems and grown on M.26 rootstock to determine fruit quality and yield. Fruit weight was increased by N fertilizer rate, but fruit production was not influenced appreciably by rate of N fertilizer, for the one year (1994) it was observed. Highest fruit quality was achieved with the lowest N fertilizer rate of 25 lbs.A(-1) (28.4 kg.ha(-1)). Fruit quality was negatively related to N in leaves and fruit peel and cortex as well as leaf boron (B), fruit peel copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) and fruit cortex Mg, and manganese (Mn) for both interstems. Lower rates of N fertilizer were related to lower concentrations of leaf and fruit N, ''redder'' fruit skin color, greater fruit firmness and soluble solids concentration, higher fructose levels, and a lower incidence of bitter pit and scald than the higher rates of 100 or 150 lbs N A(-1) (113.6 or 170.5 kg N ha(-1)). RP Raese, JT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, TREE FRUIT RES LAB, 1104 N WESTERN AVE, WENATCHEE, WA 98801 USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1797 EP 1809 DI 10.1080/01904169709365375 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YH545 UT WOS:A1997YH54500012 ER PT J AU Muhitch, MJ AF Muhitch, MJ TI Effects of expressing E-coli threonine synthase in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) suspension culture cells on free amino acid levels, aspartate pathway enzyme activities and uptake of aspartate into the cells SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nicotiana tabacum L; amino acid biosynthesis; aspartate kinase; aspartate pathway; cystathionine-gamma-synthase; dihydrodipicolinate synthase; free amino acid; homoserine dehydrogenase; threonine accumulation; threonine synthase ID CYSTATHIONINE GAMMA-SYNTHASE; PAUCICOSTATA HEGELM 6746; HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE GENE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; LEMNA; KINASE; MAIZE; INHIBITION; ASPARTOKINASE AB The amino acids threonine and methionine are derived from aspartate in a multibranched biosynthetic pathway. In higher planes, the branchpoint enzymes, threonine synthase (TS;EC 4.2.99.2) and cystathionine gamma-synthase (C gamma S; EC 4.2.99.9), which lead to threonine/isoleucine and methionine synthesis, respectively, compete against each other for pathway intermediates. In order to better understand the regulation and interplay between these competing pathways, the feedback-insensitive E. roll TS was constitutively expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension cultured cells via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Expression of E. coli TS in tobacco cells resulted in a 7-fold increase in total TS activity and a 5.7-fold increase in free threonine levels. C gamma S activity increased 3.5 fold, apparently to compensate for the heightened competition for the common pathway intermediate homoserine phosphate. Homoserine dehydrogenase and threonine-sensitive aspartate kinase activities were increased by almost 2 fold. Free aspartate was decreased by 55 % in the transformed cells, while free lysine and isoleucine levels were not significantly changed, indicating that threonine does not regulate its own synthesis by inhibiting an enzyme early in the pathway. Transformed cells had a markedly reduced ability to take up (14)[C] aspartate from the medium, suggesting that threonine may regulate its synthesis in vivo in part by limiting aspartate availability after Met, Lys, and Ile pools are filled. RP Muhitch, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT AGENTS RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 150 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WJ031 UT WOS:A1997WJ03100004 ER PT J AU Sojka, RE Lentz, RD AF Sojka, RE Lentz, RD TI Reducing furrow irrigation erosion with polyacrylamide (PAM) SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION; POLYMERS AB Irrigated cropping is a critical component of global agricultural production. Surface irrigation-most of it furrow irrigation-accounts for >60% of Earth's 600 million irrigated acres. Erosion threatens irrigation's ability to maintain its 2X average yield advantage and 3X value over rainfed agriculture, with serious environmental and food security consequences to the burgeoning human population. Furrow irrigation-induced erosion is nearly halted by small additions of water-soluble polyacrylamide (PAM) to irrigation water. PAM is an environmentally safe flocculent used extensively in municipal water treatment, paper manufacturing, food processing, and other sensitive applications. On freshly cultivated furrows, 1 lb/acre of PAM applied at 10 ppm in irrigation water before runoff began (only), reduced sediment loss in runoff 94% and increased net water infiltration 15% in 3 yr of Idaho tests on silt loam soils. Irrigation return-flow quality was improved by PAM-use, greatly reducing sediment losses, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total P, and various pesticides. Polyacrylamide products are now registered in most western states and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published a PAM-use practice standard. Cost sharing is available in some locales. In 1995 about 50 000 acres of furrow-irrigated land used PAM, halting as much as 1 million tons of soil erosion in the first year. Farmers see PAM-use as an attractive alternative to more difficult conservation practices. The typically $15 to $35/acre per crop costs are partially or entirely retrieved by crop responses or savings in erosion-related field operations and water conservation. Pam-use in irrigation is expected to expand rapidly in 1996. RP Sojka, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,3792N-3600E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 42 TC 55 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WQ398 UT WOS:A1997WQ39800001 ER PT J AU Thompson, RB Morse, D Kelling, KA Lanyon, LE AF Thompson, RB Morse, D Kelling, KA Lanyon, LE TI Computer programs that calculate manure application rates SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID CATTLE SLURRY; SURFACE; INJECTION; NITROGEN; ISSUES AB Decision support systems (DSSs) operated on personal computers are a convenient means to calculate application rates of livestock manures that meet crop nutrient requirements and avoid excessive nutrient applications. Twelve DSSs that can be used to calculate application rates of dairy manure are described and compared. The major functions of the programs, their input data requirements, and their software and hardware requirements are described. The major functional differences between the programs, their nutrient availability assumptions, and user-friendliness are discussed. The programs examined differ considerably in the number of functions they perform. The simplest programs estimate manure application rates for one field at a time. The more complex programs perform additional functions such as estimating the quantity of manure, calculating application rates for multiple fields, automatically allocating the estimated amount of manure to those fields, and calibrating manure spreaders. All of the programs use the same basic procedure to calculate manure application rates. This is essentially: (i) crop nutrient requirements are estimated, (ii) manure nutrient (N, P, and K) content is entered by the user or estimated by the program, (iii) availability factors are applied to the manure nutrients, (iv) the rate of manure to supply available nutrients to meet crop requirements is calculated, and (v) rates of any supplementary commercial fertilizer are calculated. The programs are typically developed for particular agricultural regions. Four of the programs examined have regional adaptability, achieved by enabling the user to directly enter or to modify factors used in calculating crop nutrient requirements and manure nutrient availability. DSSs have considerable promise in assisting with the many calculations required to determine manure application rates that meet crop nutrient requirements and minimize the risk of environmental pollution. C1 ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Thompson, Rodney/G-8950-2013 OI Thompson, Rodney/0000-0002-9323-5911 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 58 EP 69 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WQ398 UT WOS:A1997WQ39800003 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE Schepers, JS Francis, DD AF Varvel, GE Schepers, JS Francis, DD TI Chlorophyll meter and stalk nitrate techniques as complementary indices for residual nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID CORN; MAIZE AB Improved N management techniques are needed to prevent excess N applications while maintaining yields. Environmentally, development of these improved techniques has become critical for crops such as irrigated corn (Zea mays L.), which require large N fertilizer inputs to maximize yield. Our objective was to determine if some current N management techniques could be used to guide and improve future soil sampling strategies that would result in improved N fertilizer recommendations and reduced adverse environmental effects. Chlorophyll meter readings and end-of-season stalk nitrate-N concentrations were taken from an irrigated corn study at Shelton, NE, from 1992 through 1994. Residual soil N samples were collected to a depth of 5 ft after the 1992 and 1993 growing seasons. This study included continuous corn and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-corn rotations with four corn hybrids and five N fertilizer rates. Chlorophyll meter readings taken at several growth stages reached a maximum at sufficient N levels for maximum yield and then plateaued. Similarly, end-of-season stalk nitrate-N concentrations exceeded established thresholds (similar to 2000 ppm) above the N fertilizer rate where maximum yields were obtained in both cropping systems. Together, these techniques provided additional criteria to help partition and separate fields into areas with potentially different levels of residual soil N. This information can then be used to guide soil sampling and to develop or improve site specific N fertilizer recommendations which should decrease environmental risk by reducing the amount of nitrate-N available for leaching. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WQ398 UT WOS:A1997WQ39800018 ER PT J AU Karn, JF AF Karn, JF TI Phosphorus supplementation of range cows in the Northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forage phosphorus; extrusa; energy supplement; native range; fecal minerals ID GRAZING RUMINANT; BEEF-COWS; CATTLE; DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; PREGNANCY; LACTATION; STRAW; BLOOD AB Low phosphorus (P) levels in Northern Great Plains rangeland forage combined with limited data on the P requirements of range cows (Bos taurus), precipitated 2 studies conducted to compare the performance of P supplemented and no P supplemented (control) beef cows, Phosphorus supplementation levels ranged from 4 to 8 g day(-1) depending on estimated P needs at different times of the year, The 2 groups of cows previously had been involved in replacement heifer growing studies, with P treatments established 462 and 402 days, respectively, before initiation of these studies, Winter feed consisted of mixed hay, primarily smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss,), with corn silage (Zea mays L,) fed only in 1982 and 1983 from calving to the time cows were turned on summer pasture, Summer pastures contained primarily western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb,) A, Love], needleandthread (Stipa comata Trin, and Rupr,), green needlegrass (S. viridula Trin,), blue grama [Bouteloua Gracilis (H.B.K.) Griffiths] and upland sedges (Carer spp,), The P status of cows used in these studies appeared to be estimated more reliably by forage P than by serum or fecal P, According to P levels in hay and pasture, the diets of control cows were below recommended P levels for about 9 months of the year, However, weight change differences between P supplemented and control cows during the first lactation and gestation periods were gradually lost by the end of the studies, Conception rates of control cows were slightly lower (P<0.08) in the first but not the second study, There were no differences in average calving date or calf birth weights, but P supplementation did increase (P<0.01) calf weaning weights, Cow weight changes, calf weaning weight differences, forage and serum P data, and in the first study conception rate differences indicate that Northern Great Plains forages are marginal to deficient in P for optimal production of beef cows, The most consistent benefit from P supplementation was an increase in calf weaning weights, Data also indicate that energy supplementation for 30 days after calving may increase conception rates. RP Karn, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.2307/4002697 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC107 UT WOS:A1997WC10700001 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Havstad, KM Ksiksi, T vanTol, J Remmenga, MD AF Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Havstad, KM Ksiksi, T vanTol, J Remmenga, MD TI Effects of ruminant digestion on germination of Lehmann love-grass seed SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eragrostis lehmanniana; seed dispersal; digestion; mastication; sheep ID SHEEP; PARTICLES; CATTLE; PASSAGE; SIZE; LOVEGRASS; BEHAVIOR; RECOVERY; GRAVITY; SPREAD AB Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) seed (germination 96%, dormant 0%) was used in 4 experiments to study the potential of sheep as a dispersal agent. Five, 4-year-old, ruminally cannulated wethers were used to examine effects of ruminant digestion on seed recovery and germination. All wethers were ruminally evacuated, and rumens were cleansed and reinoculated with strained ruminal fluid. After a 21-day adaptation to pelleted alfalfa, 4 experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 was designed to test viability of Lehmann lovegrass seeds exposed to ruminal and postruminal digestion. Lehmann lovegrass seed (10 g) was dosed intra-ruminally via ruminal fistula, and total fecal collections made. Of the viable seed ruminally dosed, 37% germinated within 21 days after recovery. Also, 98 to 100% of the seed that germinated was recovered within 72 hours of dosing. Experiment 2 was designed to test the influence of ruminal microbial digestion on seed degradation and viability, using in sacco nylon bag techniques. In sacco dry matter disappearance increased linearly from 5.5% at 3 hours of incubation to 16% at 120 hours. Germination of seed was not greatly affected until after 72 hours of ruminal incubation. Experiment 3 was designed to examine the effect of mastication on viability of Lehmann lovegrass seeds. Seeds were mixed with seed-free Lehmann lovegrass straw in a proportion of 1 to 10 (seed to straw) and 10 g fed to each wether. Boli were recovered manually via ruminal fistula. Thirty five percent of the seed fed entered the rumen without damage due to mastication. Experiment 4 compared in vitro techniques and in sacco techniques used to estimate the effect of digestion on seed viability. In vitro incubation techniques yielded similar results as in sacco techniques. We conclude that ruminants are potential disseminating agents of Lehmann lovegrass seed. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP Fredrickson, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,DEPT 3JER,BOX 30003,NMSU,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. RI KSIKSI, TAOUFIK/H-7685-2012 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.2307/4002700 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC107 UT WOS:A1997WC10700004 ER PT J AU Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK Karl, MG AF Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK Karl, MG TI Influence of Japanese brome on western wheatgrass yield SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bromus japonicus; Pascopyrum smithii; Northern Great Plains ID LIGHT QUALITY; COMPETITION; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; WATER; CHEATGRASS; GRASSES; SOIL AB Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.) has invaded many northern mixed-prairie plant communities, Understanding interactions of population dynamics of this and associated species is critical for proper management of communities infested with this annual, Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of Japanese brome removal on aboveground forage production and daily plant water relations of western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii Rydb, (Love)] and Japanese brome in a western wheatgrass dominated northern mixed grass prairie community, During early spring of 1991, a wet year, and 1992, a dry year, 2 treatments, undisturbed and complete (total) removal of Japanese brome seedlings, were applied by hand at silty clay loam and clay field sites in circular, l-mz quadrats, Vegetation in additional quadrats was left undisturbed or Japanese brome was removed to assess plant water relations at each site in 1992, Total standing crop was reduced 500 kg ha(-1) with removal of Japanese brome, while standing crop of western wheatgrass was increased 220 kg ha(-2) with Japanese brome removal, Increased standing crop of western wheatgrass appeared to result from increased tiller density of 153 tillers m(-2) rather than increased weight per tiller. Western wheatgrass water relations were essentially unaffected by Japanese brome removal in 1992, Removal of Japanese brome from Northern Great Plains plant communities may increase production of associated perennial grasses, but managers should also expect a short-term decrease in total standing crop. RP Haferkamp, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB, MILES CITY, MT 59301 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.2307/4002704 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC107 UT WOS:A1997WC10700008 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Bai, YG Roos, EE AF Booth, DT Bai, YG Roos, EE TI Preparing sagebrush seed for market: Effects of debearder processing SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata ssp wyomingensis; germination rate; seedling vigor; seed damage; pericarp; afterripening AB Debearders are machines originally developed to remove grain from bearded (awned) seed heads of small grains, They are now used in many types of seed cleaning, including preparing sagebrush seed for market, Some people have suggested that debearders may decrease sagebrush seed quality, We tested this hypothesis by using a debearder to process seeds of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt, ssp, wyomingensis) and measuring subsequent seed quality, Seed stalks were cut from 2 Wyoming locations, stored in an unheated warehouse, and then processed with a debearder for 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 min, Seed germination and seedling vigor were tested at 2-month intervals up to 16.5 months after processing, Temperature and relative humidity inside the debearder increased linearly from 14.0 to 22.4 degrees C and from 59.0 to 81.2% during the 10-min, processing time, However, the moisture content of seed materials did not change during this period, The number of undamaged seeds per gram of material did not change with processing and was similar between collections. Stem length decreased with processing duration while percent of seed with pericarp removed increased, Germination percentage, time to 50% germination (T-50) and seedling vigor were similar among treatments in both collections, Germination percentage increased in the first 4.5 months after processing and then remained at that level up to 16.5 months, Germination rate decreased (T-50 increased), but seedling vigor did not change with storage time, We recommend that seed dealers continue to use properly adjusted debearders to process sagebrush seed. C1 UNIV WYOMING, DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. NATL SEED STORAGE LAB, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, HIGH PLAINS GRASSL RES STN, 8408 HILDRETH RD, CHEYENNE, WY 82009 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.2307/4002705 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC107 UT WOS:A1997WC10700009 ER PT J AU Berdahl, JD Ries, RE AF Berdahl, JD Ries, RE TI Development and vigor of diploid and tetraploid Russian wildrye seedlings SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Psathyrostachys juncea; seedling emergence; coleoptile length; seedling tillers; Haun score ID REGISTRATION; RYEGRASS AB Poor seedling vigor limits the use of Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski] for complementary pasture. Tetraploid (2n=4x=28) plants of Russian wildrye have greater seedling vigor in greenhouse studies when compared to plants with the normal diploid chromosome complement (2n=2x=14). Objectives of this research were (i) to compare seedling emergence and development of diploid and tetraploid Russian wildrye in solid-seeded, single-row field plots and (ii) to document early seedling development and morphology in a controlled environment chamber. Seed mass averaged 2.70 mg seed(-1) for diploids and 4.66 mg seed(-1) for tetraploids. Initial seedling emergence averaged approximately 33% greater for tetraploids than diploids for both early and late field planting dates. Tiller number averaged only slightly, and generally not significantly, greater for diploids than tetraploids (maximum difference of 0.3 tillers plant(-1)) in solid-seeded rows in the field. Seedling height was consistently greater for tetraploids than diploids, a result of greater leaf length. Larger leaf size did not result in fewer leaves or in slower leaf development for tetraploids. Seedling emergence from a 63 mm depth in a controlled environment chamber averaged 46% for tetraploids and 10% for diploids at a 16/13 degrees C diurnal temperature regime and 11 and 6%, respectively, for tetraploids and diploids at a 23/18 degrees C temperature regime. Coleoptile length averaged 61 mm for tetraploids and 49 mm for diploids at the 16/13 degrees C temperature regime and 42 and 43 mm for tetraploids and diploids, respectively, at the 23/18 degrees C temperature regime. Tetraploid Russian wildrye provides a unique germplasm pool from which additional improvement in seedling vigor can be accomplished beyond the limits that are possible from continued selection in diploid germplasm. RP Berdahl, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 80 EP 84 DI 10.2307/4002709 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC107 UT WOS:A1997WC10700013 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S AF Bhaduri, S TI Presence of virulence plasmid in Yersinia enterocolitica after its expression at 37C SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL VIOLET BINDING; BEARING CLONES; UNITED-STATES; AGGLUTINATION; CHILDREN; ASSAY; O-3 AB The phenotypic characteristics associated with the virulence plasmid in Yersinia enterocolitica are expressed only at 37C, a temperature which facilitates the loss of the plasmid. This report investigated the stability of the virulence plasmid in Y. enterocolitica after its phenotypic expression at 37C. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of plasmid DNA showed that Y. enterocolitica did not loose the virulence plasmid during phenotypic expression as assayed by crystal violet binding, Congo red uptake, low calcium response, hydrophobicity and autoagglutination at 37C for 24 h. Prolonged incubation of at least 48 h at 37C is needed to trigger the loss of the plasmid. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,MFS RU,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.1997.tb00146.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XT369 UT WOS:A1997XT36900006 ER PT J AU Deng, MY Fratamico, PM Jensen, MA Tice, G AF Deng, MY Fratamico, PM Jensen, MA Tice, G TI DNA amplification using tableted PCR reagents for identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from foods SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EAE GENE; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; SEROTYPE O157-H7; MULTIPLEX PCR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE; CLONING; STRAINS AB A DNA amplification method using tableted multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagents was developed for identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 isolated from food samples. A suspect colony from MacConkey sorbitol agar containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MSA-BCIG) was used to perform the PCR. Three different DNA sequences of E. coli O157:H7 were amplified simultaneously in the PCR: a specific fragment of an attaching and effacing gene (eae gene), conserved sequences of Shiga-like toxins (SLT) I and II, and a fragment of the 60-MDa plasmid. This method detected all reference strains of EHEC serogroup O157, including serotypes O157:H7, O157:NM, and O157:H, and negative results were obtained with all strains of nontoxigenic E. coli serogroup O157, other serotypes off. coli, and other bacterial species. The detection limit of the method was 950 colony forming units (CFU) off. coli O157:H7. All 29 cultures of EHEC O157:H7 isolated from meat samples and identified by biochemical and serological tests were positive in the PCR. After a 6-h enrichment, EHEC O157:H7 was identified from all experimentally inoculated ground beef and milk samples which had initial inocula of 4 to 9 CFU/g (mL). This method offers significant advantages in terms of technical simplicity and reproducibility of test results over conventional PCR and other assays for detecting E. coli serotype O157 and should be suitable for use in routine examination of food and other samples for the presence of the pathogen. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. DUPONT CO INC,CENT RES & DEV,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.1997.tb00149.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XT369 UT WOS:A1997XT36900009 ER PT J AU Estienne, MJ Harter-Dennis, JM Barb, CR AF Estienne, MJ Harter-Dennis, JM Barb, CR TI Role of neuropeptides and amino acids in controlling secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland in pigs SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Pig Reproduction CY JUN 02-04, 1997 CL KERKRADE, NETHERLANDS ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; IMMATURE MALE PIG; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; OPIOID MODULATION; PROLACTIN SECRETION; N-METHYL-D,L-ASPARTATE MODULATION; OVARIECTOMIZED GILTS; CORTISOL SECRETION AB All reproductive processes involve one or more of the protein hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary gland: LH, FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Primary hormones of reproduction, such as LH and FSH, directly regulate a reproductive activity. For example, LH and FSH stimulate follicular growth and the associated secretion of oestradiol in sows. In contrast, secondary hormones of reproduction such as TSH are permissive and regulate other physiological systems that indirectly, but profoundly, influence reproduction. Reproduction in pigs can be enhanced by developing strategies to alter and control secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. However, the successful manipulation of adenohypophysial hormone secretion will require a sound understanding of the mechanisms controlling the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Hypothalamic hormones including GnRH, dopamine, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) are synthesized in perikarya that possess axons that terminate at the median eminence. These hormones are released into the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal vasculature, travel to the anterior pituitary gland and stimulate or inhibit secretion of adenohypophysial hormones. Secretion of hypothalamic hormones is ultimately controlled by a variety of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, the most studied in swine being the endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) and more recently, the excitatory amino acids (ExAA). In general, EOP inhibit GnRH and hence LH secretion, and this effect involves the central catecholaminergic system. A definitive role for EOP in the modulation of FSH release remains to be determined. EOP stimulate secretion of GHRH and thus growth hormone release, and depending on the animal model studied, EOP exert either stimulatory or inhibitory influences on prolactin secretion. ExAA, working via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors at the central nervous system, stimulate secretion of LH, FSH, growth hormone and prolactin in appropriate animal models. However, in certain situations, an inhibitory effect of ExAA on LH secretion has been demonstrated. The modulation of growth hormone and prolactin secretion by ExAA involves EOP. Research investigating the function of ExAA and EOP in the physiological control of swine reproduction warrants further scrutiny. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. ARS, Anim Physiol Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Estienne, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PY 1997 SU 52 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA YU985 UT WOS:000071776900003 ER PT J AU Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ Klindt, J Wise, TH AF Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ Klindt, J Wise, TH TI Physiology of the Meishan boar SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Pig Reproduction CY JUN 02-04, 1997 CL KERKRADE, NETHERLANDS ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; PLASMA LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; LEYDIG-CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; CHINESE MEISHAN; TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT; SERTOLI-CELL; NEONATAL-HYPOTHYROIDISM; PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS AB Onset of puberty (sperm production) occurs at a much younger age (56-84 days) in Meishans than in conventional boars (120-180 days). Throughout postnatal development, Meishans exhibit markedly higher (two- to ten-fold) concentrations of serum FSH, LH and androgens compared with conventional boars, and these high hormone concentrations are maintained at maturity. increased gonadotrophin concentrations occur only in Meishan males, since concentrations in female Meishans and conventional females do not differ. In the Meishan boar, FSH increases steadily during establishment of sperm production and LH increases markedly after tubule diameter stabilizes, while FSH and LH concentrations are low and change little during this period of rapid testicular growth in conventional boars. The proportion of the testis occupied by Leydig cells is two-fold greater and average Leydig cell size is two- to four-fold larger in Meishans than in conventional boars during the onset of spermatogenesis and into maturity. Testis size in Meishans is only half that of conventional boars at maturity, and the number of Sertoli cells is markedly reduced in Meishans, However, Meishan testes exhibit reduced degeneration of germ cells and spermatids during spermatogenesis, and spermatogenic efficiency per Sertoli cell in Meishans is double that in conventional boars. At maturity, Meishan pituitaries have greater mass, larger gonadotrophs, higher content of FSH, and greater expression of genes for FSH and LH subunits than found in conventional boars. The high concentrations of serum gonadotrophins in the mature Meishan exhibit a typical postcastration rise, respond to GnRH stimulation and are suppressed by gonadal steroids, indicating that the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis functions normally but with much higher set points in Meishan boars. These unusual endocrine and physiological attributes in boars of the highly prolific Meishan breed offer a unique model for further investigation of factors influencing early onset of puberty and efficiency of male reproductive function. C1 ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Lunstra, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PY 1997 SU 52 BP 181 EP 193 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA YU985 UT WOS:000071776900015 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA AF Johnson, LA TI Advances in gender preselection in swine SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Pig Reproduction CY JUN 02-04, 1997 CL KERKRADE, NETHERLANDS ID CHROMOSOME-BEARING SPERM; FLOW CYTOMETRIC SEPARATION; Y-CHROMOSOME; X-CHROMOSOME; SEX PRESELECTION; MAMMALIAN SPERM; SPERMATOZOA; DNA; FERTILIZATION; POPULATIONS AB Gender preselection using isolated populations of X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa that have been separated on the basis of DNA content is currently possible in swine and other farm animals, as well as in humans. Semen from most livestock species can now be successfully separated into predominantly X or Y sperm populations before their use for intra-tubal insemination, deep-uterine insemination or for in vitro fertilization (IVF) to produce sexed offspring. Birth of progeny of the desired sex in cattle, sheep and swine under semi-practical conditions has successfully validated the sexing technology. Spermatozoa are separated on the basis of inherent differences in DNA content in the X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm population using modified flow cytometry/cell sorting technology. Spermatozoa are stained with Hoechst 33342 which binds to the DNA in an amount proportional to the amount of DNA present in the individual spermatozoa. Over 300 animals from various species at several locations have been born using the USDA-Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology for separating X and Y spermatozoa. Sex ratios are shifted from the normal 50:50 to 85 to 90% of one sex or the other. In swine, offspring have been born as the result of surgical intratubal insemination of separated spermatozoa and also from IVF and embryo transfer. At the present time, standard swine artificial insemination techniques are not optimized for use with the small numbers of flow cytometrically separated X or Y sperm populations. Cattle, swine and rabbit offspring have been reproduced through the second generation with normal morphology and reproductive function. Numerous improvements have been made in the sexing technology since it was first reported in 1989. Increasing the speed of the sexing process to make the application of the technology available to a larger segment of the livestock industry is paramount, even with insemination technology designed for small numbers of spermatozoa. C1 ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PY 1997 SU 52 BP 255 EP 266 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA YU985 UT WOS:000071776900021 ER PT J AU Dobrinsky, JR AF Dobrinsky, JR TI Cryopreservation of pig embryos SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Pig Reproduction CY JUN 02-04, 1997 CL KERKRADE, NETHERLANDS ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PRESERVATION; PORCINE EMBRYOS; CYTOCHALASIN-B; MOUSE EMBRYOS; MAMMALIAN EMBRYOS; IN-VITRO; VITRIFICATION; BLASTOCYSTS; OOCYTES; SENSITIVITY AB The changing global needs for food and animal products require the development of breeding strategies for maximizing genetic improvement while maintaining genetic diversity. Genetic diversity can be conserved by using separate breeding herds; however, they may be expensive to maintain and inbreeding becomes a major concern. Alternative methods are needed to preserve valuable genetic resources in a reasonable and economic manner. Embryo cryopreservation allows indefinite storage in vitro at subambient temperatures where metabolism and other cellular functions are greatly reduced or cease, and upon recovery from storage, normal developmental competence can be resumed. Storage and transportation require little maintenance and there is no expense in animal care and little concern about disease transmission. Although there are methods for routine cryopreservation of germplasm and embryos of most livestock species, development of this technology in the pig industry is far behind and has abated improvements in genetic potential. Pig embryos are very sensitive to hypothermic conditions, and this limits their ability to withstand many conventional methods of preservation. Much research has focused on the high lipid content of pig embryos, and its role in hypothermic sensitivity and cryosurvival. Many studies have reported the conventional freezing of pig embryos, and vitrification has shown promise of eluding the difficulties associated with cooling sensitivity and ice crystallization. Recent research suggests that the embryonic cytoskeleton is susceptible to damage during cryopreservation, and this cellular disruption may be averted by using cytoskeletal stabilizers before preservation. Embryos cryopreserved by conventional freezing and vitrification under the influence of cytoskeletal stabilization have resulted in pregnancies or live offspring from recipient females after surgical transfer. Although cryopreservation technology is less advanced in pigs than in other livestock species, promising research shows evidence that researchers are close to achieving a methodology for preserving pig embryos. C1 ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dobrinsky, JR (reprint author), ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PY 1997 SU 52 BP 301 EP 312 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA YU985 UT WOS:000071776900024 ER PT J AU Halvorson, JJ Smith, JL Papendick, RI AF Halvorson, JJ Smith, JL Papendick, RI TI Issues of scale for evaluating soil quality SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; ECOLOGY C1 USDA ARS,PROGRAM LAND MANAGEMENT & WATER CONSERVAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA WW757 UT WOS:A1997WW75700007 ER PT J AU Morrison, JE Rickman, RW McCool, DK Pfeiffer, KL AF Morrison, JE Rickman, RW McCool, DK Pfeiffer, KL TI Measurement of wheat residue cover in the Great Plains and Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE measurement; residue cover; precision; wheat AB Nine devices were wed to visually measure percent residue cover on fields following a crop of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The devices were four lines with various arrangements of bead markers, a measuring tape, and four wheels with markers located on or near the wheel perimeter. Emphasis was on wheat residues, including low residue cover as found following intense tillage of Pacific Northwest non-irrigated wheatlands. Sources of measurement variation were studied for each of the nine devices to determine if any of the method/devices were preferable for documenting residue cover in conditions of extended weathering and multiple tillages. The fields were located in the Southern Great Plains and the Columbia Plateau area of the Pacific Northwest. A total of nine field sites were intensely measured, with three operators taking 1000 point readings with each device. Residue cover varied from 6 to 84%-cover (''%-cover'' is the unit of measure). Field conditions ranged from fallow with as many as seven tillages to long-term no-till. Measurement precision and operation time were similar for the four line and wheel type devices. Precision, as evaluated by the mean range of data values, ranged between 7.7 to 9.7%-cover. Excluding another type of transect line, the measuring tape, field time to take 1000 points averaged only 22.3 min. The tape took 50% more field time and is not recommended. Any differences in measured cover caused by the line bead arrangements or wheel designs, were either small or were masked by large variations among operators and spatial differences across the fields. Other factors, including length, height, stubble row spacing, and initial amount of residue, as well as surface roughness were also either masked or not important. Measurement variations by operators within replications and across replications were of the same order of magnitude, at +/-2 to 7%-cover. When combined, these sources of variation generally exceeded the arbitrary criteria of allowable variations of +/-3%-cover (originally bated on +/-10% of 30% mean cover, which defined the critical value of residue cover for a tillage system to be ''Conservation Tillage''(CTIC, 1995)). Of course, as residue cover values become small, such at 6 to 10%-cover, then the +/-3%-cover is really an allowable tolerance of +/-33 to 50%. This points out the need either for more appropriate allowance criteria or for the development of measurement instruments which will achieve more precision than is currently possible with any of the visual-measurement devices/methods wed in this study Results showed that fields with law amounts of weathered wheat residues may be measured with the same devices and methods as fields with higher amounts of residues. The range of observed values and absolute variation became smaller at cover decreased. Because the field sites spanned a wide range of conditions, the results should apply to most dryland wheat production areas. C1 USDA ARS,PENDLETON,OR 97801. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WNTC,PORTLAND,OR 97204. RP Morrison, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA WW757 UT WOS:A1997WW75700012 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Lindbo, DL AF Rhoton, FE Lindbo, DL TI A soil depth approach to soil quality assessment SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; runoff; productivity; fragipan horizons; clay mineralogy; micromorphology ID FRAGIPAN SOIL; EROSION AB Soil quality is a term associated with soil suitability for productivity and environmental quality-related uses It is often assessed from quantitative measurements of soil properties that can exhibit a wide range of variability across the landscape due to differences in soil formation and erosion processes. Thus, the depth to some profile feature that delineates the zone in which most soil processes are restricted to (effective sail depth ESD) must be included in the development of soil quality indices that apply spatially. Our objective was to determine the potential of ESD as an integrator of properties that change with depth and are wed to characterize productivity and erodibility, two common indicators of soil quality. Selected soil properties were determined for a range of ESD above a fragipan horizon which restricted sail water movement and rooting depths. As ESD decreased from 100 to 20 cm, productivity decreased and erodibility generally increased These adverse changes in soil quality were attributed to the modification of several properties that were highly correlated with ESD. Therefore, ESD is considered a reasonably accurate method of assigning a soil quality index to soils that have a limited depth. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,PLYMOUTH,NC 27962. RP Rhoton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA WW757 UT WOS:A1997WW75700013 ER PT J AU Oberlander, H Silhacek, DL Shaaya, E Ishaaya, I AF Oberlander, H Silhacek, DL Shaaya, E Ishaaya, I TI Current status and future perspectives of the use of insect growth regulators for the control of stored product insects SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ecologically Safe Alternatives for the Control of Stored Product Insects at the XIII International Plant Protection Congress CY JUL, 1995 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS DE juvenile hormone; ecdysone agonist; chitin synthesis inhibitor; methoprene; tebufenozide ID NONSTEROIDAL ECDYSONE AGONIST; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA HUBNER; JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOGS; WING IMAGINAL DISKS; CHITIN-SYNTHESIS; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM; F COLEOPTERA; METHOPRENE; DIFLUBENZURON AB The control of stored product insects with insect growth regulators (IGRs) was heralded in the 1970s as a potentially valuable alternative to the use of traditional insecticides. Initially, the IGRs included compounds that mimicked the insects' own juvenile hormone. Subsequently, chitin synthesis inhibitors and ecdysteroid agonists have been added to the List of available IGRs. Extensive laboratory studies have been conducted on the physiological and biochemical effects of IGRs on stored product insects. However, there has been less emphasis on developing practical applications of these materials for stored product insects in the past decade. There is a new imperative to examine IGRs for the protection of stored products which results from no longer having some earlier control measures available, and particularly by the potential loss of the use of methyl bromide by the end of the century. Therefore, it is clear that a fresh evaluation of the potential role of IGRs for the protection of stored products from insect infestation must be made. This paper examines the new generations of IGRs and new approaches to the application and usage of these materials. This research provides some new perspectives on the potential utilization of IGRs for the protection of post-harvest commodities. C1 AGR RES ORG, VOLCANI CTR, IL-50250 BET DAGAN, ISRAEL. RP Oberlander, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 44 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X EI 1879-1212 J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(96)00047-1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WK763 UT WOS:A1997WK76300002 ER PT J AU Xu, ZM Fausey, NR Lal, R Hall, GF AF Xu, ZM Fausey, NR Lal, R Hall, GF TI Erosional effects on soil properties and corn (Zea mays L) yield on a Miamian soil in Ohio SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID ILLINOIS SOILS AB Effects of severity of erosion on soil physical properties and corn growth and yield were evaluated on a farm for a Miamian soil in Ohio for 1993 and 1994 seasons. The depth to carbonates, total porosity, and silt content decreased while soil bulk density (rho(b)), clay content and pH increased with increase in severity of erosion. Corn growth and yield were adversely affected by erosion in 1993, when precipitation was lower than normal, Yield reductions in corn grain yield by severe erosion were 29.2% compared to slight erosion, and 32.7% compared to the depositional phase. No clear trend was observed for corn grain yields in 1994, probably due to sufficient rainfall during the grain-fill stage. A regression equation relating corn grain yield (Y) to soil properties in 1993 was Y = 23.9 - 7.11 rho(b) - 0.163 Clay - 0.919 pH (R-2 = 0.36**), where the yield is in Mg/ha, soil rho(b) is in Mg/m(3), clay is in %, and pH is 1:1 in H2O. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA,ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 21 EP 35 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA XQ497 UT WOS:A1997XQ49700002 ER PT J AU Abney, TD Russo, VM AF Abney, TD Russo, VM TI Factors affecting plant height and yield of eggplant SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID ROOT AB Examination of the interaction of environment and cultural methods will lead to a better understanding of the development of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and contribute to sustained yield. Seedlings were transplanted on 16 April 1991 and 21 July 1992 into soil left bare or treated with black spray-on or black plastic mulch. Plant height, and total and marketable fruit yield were correlated with number of days following transplanting, air temperature (high and low), soil. temperature, soil moisture, and soil CO2 levels. In 1991, weekly yields fluctuated, but total marketable yield was not affected by mulching. In 1992, yields were highest on black plastic mulch. Model R-2 values for height and yield ranged from 0.607 to 0.971, and 0.503 to 0.962, in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Days following transplanting was generally negatively correlated in 1991, but generally positively correlated in 1992 with plant height and yield. In 1991, air temperature was the most important of the few factors affecting height and yield. In 1992, few factors affected plant height, but many factors interacted to affect yield. Cultural methods that reduce fluctuations and insure sustainability of yield can be developed from this information. RP Abney, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 37 EP 48 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA XQ497 UT WOS:A1997XQ49700003 ER PT J AU Eswaran, H Almaraz, R Reich, P Zdruli, P AF Eswaran, H Almaraz, R Reich, P Zdruli, P TI Soil quality and soil productivity in Africa SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB More than four decades of research and development work in Africa have not resulted in the 3-5% annual increase in agricultural growth necessary for most African countries to ensure sustainability of agriculture and the promise of food security in the next decade. The present study evaluates the quality of the soil resource base of Africa and also the risks to sustainable agriculture and soil productivity on a continent-wide basis. Fifty-five percent of the land in Africa is unsuitable for any kind of agriculture except nomadic grazing. These are largely the deserts, which includes salt flats, dune and rock lands, and the steep to very steep lands. Though these lands have constraints to sustainability, about 30% of the population or about 250 million people are living, or are dependent on these land resources. About 16% of the land has soils of high quality and about 13% has soils of medium quality. This 9 million km(2) of land in Africa currently supports about 400 million or about 45% of the people. There are compelling reasons for African nations to return to fundamentals in terms of research and developmental initiatives. Those countries with subsistence agriculture have had minimal inputs in acquiring and managing information about their resource conditions. The green revolution succeeded in Asia in those countries where there was a serious effort to match technology with resource conditions and where advances in development and use of high-yielding cultivars was accompanied by appropriate soil, water, and nutrient management. RP Eswaran, H (reprint author), USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,POB 2890,WASHINGTON,DC 20013, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 75 EP 94 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA XQ497 UT WOS:A1997XQ49700005 ER PT J AU Dix, ME Hodges, L Brandle, JR Wright, RJ Harrell, MO AF Dix, ME Hodges, L Brandle, JR Wright, RJ Harrell, MO TI Effects of shelterbelts on the aerial distribution of insect pests in muskmelon SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; chrysomelid pests; shelterbelts; insect ecology; cucurbitaceae ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; EASTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; WESTERN; NORTHERN; FLIGHT; COCCINELLIDAE; ATTRACTANTS; NEBRASKA AB Sticky traps were used to measure how tree shelterbelts influence the abundance of crop insect pests and beneficial arthropods in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) plots in eastern Nebraska. Abundance of striped cucumber beetles {Acalymma vittatum Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)}, southern corn rootworms {Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)}, and northern corn rootworms {D. barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)} was similar in exposed and sheltered plots. Western corn rootworms {(D. virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)} were significantly more abundant in exposed plots. More lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were caught on traps in sheltered plots than exposed plots, especially during June. Few spiders (Aranae), lacewings (Planipennia), or braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were caught in either treatment. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT HORT,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT FORESTRY FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,S CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP Dix, ME (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,NATL AGROFORESTRY CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2-3 BP 5 EP 24 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA WJ301 UT WOS:A1997WJ30100003 ER PT J AU Brown, EM King, G Chen, JM AF Brown, EM King, G Chen, JM TI Model of the helical portion of a type I collagen microfibril SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 16-20, 1996 CL TRAVERSE CITY, MI SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID 3-DIMENSIONAL-ENERGY MINIMIZED MODELS; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS; TRIPLE HELIX; PACKING; (PRO-PRO-GLY)10; CONFORMATION; POLYPEPTIDE; SEQUENCE AB Collagens are an ubiquitous family of extracellular proteins in the animal world. Fibril-forming collagens are the major structural proteins. In addition to their biological function, collagens provide molecular frameworks that are utilized in the medical, food and leather industries. Functionality, both biological and technological, is a consequence of the basic structure of a protein. Computerized molecular modeling has been developed into a useful tool for visualizing structure-function relationships in proteins. The unique supramolecular characteristics of collagen have made it a suitable subject for model builders over more than thirty years. The bovine type I collagen microfibril model developed at ERRC now consists of 15 polypeptide chains of 315 amino acid residues each. This model is large enough to allow a comparison of its gross structural features with the banding patterns obtained by electron microscopy. Measurable distances pertaining to the helix, triple helix, and microfibril are within experimental error of recently reported physical data on dried collagen samples. Two segments of the microfibril model, one rich in hydrophobic residues and the other rich in hydrophilic residues were examined in detail. The conformation of the hydrophobic segment more nearly matched the definition of a collagen helix (57%) than did the conformation of the hydrophilic segment (38%). The model is potentially useful for studying mechanisms of both inter- and intra-microfibril crosslinking as well as for predicting the efficacy of specific modifications to the molecule or potential crosslinking agents. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 92 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA XM940 UT WOS:A1997XM94000001 ER PT J AU Levi, A Rowland, LJ AF Levi, A Rowland, LJ TI Identifying blueberry cultivars and evaluating their genetic relationships using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat-(SSR-)anchored primers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; MARKERS; AMPLIFICATION; PLANTS AB Fifteen highbush (or highbush hybrid) blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum Linnaeus), two rabbiteye blueberry cultivars (V. ashei Reade), and one southern lowbush (V. darrowi Camp) selection from the wild were examined using seventeen 10-base RAPD and seven 15- to 18-base SSR-anchored primers (primers comprised of SSR motifs) in polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Fifteen RAPD and three SSR markers resulting from these reactions were chosen to construct a DNA fingerprinting table to distinguish among the genotypes included in this study. Similarity values were calculated based on 132 RAPD and 51 SSR bands, and a dendrogram was constructed based on the similarity matrix. The V. ashei cultivars and V. darrowi selection grouped out separately from the V. corymbosum cultivars as expected. However, estimates of relative genetic similarity between genotypes within the V. corymbosum group did not agree well with known pedigree data and, thus, indicated that RAPD and SSR data did not accurately assess the genetic relationships of cultivars within this species. RP Levi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 122 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WA974 UT WOS:A1997WA97400012 ER PT J AU Klein, JD Conway, WS Whitaker, BD Sams, CE AF Klein, JD Conway, WS Whitaker, BD Sams, CE TI Botrytis cinerea decay in apples is inhibited by postharvest heat and calcium treatments SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CaCl2; Malus domestica; pressure infiltration ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; INFILTRATION; FIRMNESS; FRUITS AB 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were treated after harvest with heat (air at 38 degrees C for 4 days or 42 degrees C for 1 day) or 2% CaCl2 (w/v; applied as a dip or pressure-infiltrated) or a combination of the two and stored at 0 degrees C for less than or equal to 6 months. Decay caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. after inoculation to a depth of 2 mm with a conidial suspension virtually was eliminated in stored fruit heated at 38 degrees C, regardless of Ca treatment, Apples punctured to a depth of 0.5 mm (but not 2 mm) and inoculated with B. cinerea on removal from storage were almost completely protected from poststorage decay if they had previously been pressure-infiltrated with 2% CaCl2, regardless of the heat regime, Heating fruit at 42 degrees C and dipping in 2% CaCl2 were only partially effective in preventing decay from either pre- or poststorage inoculations, Fruit firmness was not related to resistance to decay. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP Klein, JD (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 122 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WA974 UT WOS:A1997WA97400015 ER PT J AU KatoNoguchi, H Watada, AE AF KatoNoguchi, H Watada, AE TI Effects of low-oxygen atmosphere on ethanolic fermentation in fresh-cut carrots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STORAGE; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; CELLS; METABOLISM; FRUIT AB Carrot (Daucus carota L.) root shreds were stored under a continuous flow of 0.5% and 2% O-2 (balance N-2) or in air for 7 days at 5 and 15 degrees C to study the regulation of ethanolic fermentation metabolism. Low-O-2 atmospheres of 0.5% and 2% caused increases in ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) compared to air. By day 3, ethanol increased 38-, 25-, 13-, and 9.5-fold; acetaldehyde increased 20-, 13-, 7.7-, and 5.6-fold; ADH increased 7.6-, 6.3-, 3.8-, and 2.7-fold; and PDC increased 4.2-, 3.9-, 2.3-, and 2.2-fold in samples at 0.5% O-2 at 15 or 5 degrees C and at 2% O-2 at 15 or 5 degrees C, respectively, compared with corresponding samples in air. These results indicate that ethanolic fermentation was accelerated more in the 0.5% than in the 2% O-2 atmosphere and more at 15 degrees C than at 5 degrees C. The acceleration of ethanolic fermentation may allow production of some ATP, which may permit the carrot tissues to survive. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KatoNoguchi, H (reprint author), KAGAWA UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT BIORESOURCE SCI,MIKI,KAGAWA 76107,JAPAN. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 122 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WA974 UT WOS:A1997WA97400018 ER PT J AU Archbold, DD MacKown, CT AF Archbold, DD MacKown, CT TI Nitrogen availability and fruiting influence nitrogen cycling in strawberry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID N-15 AB As the primary nutrient applied to and used by strawberry, N allocation and cycling within the plant may play an important role in determining plant vigor and productivity. Our objectives were to determine 1) how N availability and fruit production affect N and fertilizer N (FN) partitioning among and within the vegetative tissues of 'Tribute' strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) and 2) if the root N pool is temporary storage N. Plants were fed N-15-depleted NH4NO3 (0.001 atom percent N-15) for the initial 8 weeks, then were grown for 12 weeks with or without NH4NO3 with a natural N-15 abundance (0.366 atom percent N-15), and were maintained vegetative or allowed to fruit. The vegetative tissues were sampled at 6 and 12 weeks. Neither N availability or fruiting had consistent effects on dry mass (DM) across all tissues at 6 or 12 weeks. At 6 weeks, the total N content of all tissues except the roots were higher with continuous N than with no N. Nitrogen availability was the dominant treatment effect on all plants at 12 weeks; continuous N increased leaflet, petiole, and total vegetative DM and total N of all tissues. Insoluble reduced N (IRN) was the major N pool within all tissues at 6 and 12 weeks regardless of treatment. Fruiting inhibited root growth and N accumulation at 6 weeks but had little effect at 12 weeks. The roots were a strong dry matter and N sink from 6 to 12 weeks. The FN pools, from the N-15-depleted FN supplied during the initial 8 weeks, exhibited changes similar to those of total N in plants not receiving N, in contrast to plants receiving continuous N where total leaflet and petiole N content increased while FN content declined. Total FN per plant declined nearly 26% over 12 weeks; the decline was greater in plants receiving N continuously than in those not receiving N, but the magnitude of the decline was not affected by fruiting. Increasing atom percent N-15 values, primarily in plants receiving continuous N after the initial 8 weeks of receiving N-15-depleted FN, indicated that N cycling occurred through all tissues and N pools, proportionally more in the soluble reduced N pool but quantitatively more in the IRN pool, The root N pool was not a ''temporary'' N storage site available for re-allocation to other tissues, although N cycling through it was evident. Rather, leaflet N was primarily remobilized to other tissues. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP Archbold, DD (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 122 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WA974 UT WOS:A1997WA97400023 ER PT J AU Endo, BY Zunke, U Wergin, WP AF Endo, BY Zunke, U Wergin, WP TI Ultrastructure of the lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Nemata: Pratylenchidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE anatomy; esophagus; fine structure; gonad; lesion nematode; oocyte; Pratylenchus penetrans; sperm; ultrastructure ID SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE; ANTERIOR ALIMENTARY-TRACT; GLAND SECRETORY GRANULES; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; ESOPHAGEAL GLANDS; STYLET SECRETIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE AB Various stages of a lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Sher and Alien, 1953, were observed with transmission electron microscopy and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) to elucidate the structural anatomy of the esophagus, intestine, and reproductive system. The lumen of the esophagus is circular through the procorpus and triradiate in the metacorpus where it is part of the metacorpus pump valve. A pair of esophageal lumen branches terminate as quadriradiate valves id the subventral gland ampullae. The central lumen extends posteriad to become part of the esophago-intestinal valve. The enlarged intestinal lumen is delineated by scattered evaginated membranes of the epithelial cells. The lumen may be occluded during nonfeeding periods or when the intestine becomes compressed by the reproductive organs. The testis contains spermatocytes with membrane-bound nuclei that transform into amoeboid spermatids with electron-opaque, nonmembrane-bound nuclei surrounded by fibrous bodies.;Spermatozoa with irregular clumps of nonmembrane-bound chromatin surrounded by mitochondria as well as residual fibrous bodies were found in seminal vesicles and vas deferens of males and in spermathecae of female gonads. The ultrastructure of the male and female reproductive organs is compared to similar features observed with light microscopy and LTSEM. C1 UNIV HAMBURG,INST ANGEW BOT,D-20355 HAMBURG,GERMANY. RP Endo, BY (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1 BP 59 EP 95 PG 37 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA WH855 UT WOS:A1997WH85500007 ER PT J AU Lichtenfels, JR Kharchenko, VA Sommer, C Ito, M AF Lichtenfels, JR Kharchenko, VA Sommer, C Ito, M TI Key characters for the microscopical identification of Cylicocyclus nassatus and Cylicocyclus ashworthi (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) of the horse, Equus caballus SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Current efforts to develop improved control methods for nematode parasites of horses have been hampered by difficulties in identifying some nematodes of the genus Cylicocyclus. Structural characteristics of several species of Cylicocyclus parasitic in domesticated horses, Equus caballus, are described that facilitate the identification. Key microscopical characteristics are described for C. nassatus and C. ashworthi including characteristics useful for separating them from the similar species C. triramosus, C. leptostomus, and C. radiatus. Cylicocyclus nassatus is characterized by a cuticular shelf on the inner surface of the buccal capsule, a dorsal gutter that is as long as 50% of the buccal capsule depth, 20 elements in the external leaf crown (ELC) that each have a sharp tip that broadens quickly to form a parallel-sided leaf, and lateral papillae that produce a tall, narrow cuticular extension of the mouth collar. Both C. nassatus and C. ashworthi have a short, rounded dorsal bursal lobe in which the proximal branch (of 3 on each side) overlaps 75-80% of the middle branch and a female tail that is slightly longer than the vulva to anus distance. Cylicocyclus ashworthi can be distinguished from C. nassatus by the absence of a shelf on the inner surface of the buccal capsule, by its much shorter dorsal gutter that is wider than long, and by its 25-29 ELC elements that taper gradually throughout their length and lateral papillae that produce a short, broad extension in the cuticle of the mouth collar. Three other species of the genus, C. leptostomus, C. radiatus, and C. triramosus, all have males with elongate dorsal bursal lobes in which the proximal branch overlaps less than 50% of the middle branch and females with a tail that is much shorter (C. triramosus) or slightly shorter (C. leptostomus and C. radiatus) than the vulva to anus distance. Cylicocyclus leptostomus can be distinguished by its small buccal capsule, C. radiatus by its large buccal capsule without a dorsal gutter, and C. triramosus by its extremely short dorsal gutter and ventral and dorsal notches in the mouth collar. Our study of paratypes of C. ashworthi and C. matumurai resulted in synonomizing the latter with the former. C1 UKRAINIAN ACAD SCI,INST ZOOL,DEPT PARASITOL,KIEV,UKRAINE. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. CENT INST EXPT ANIM,KAWASAKI,KANAGAWA 213,JAPAN. RP Lichtenfels, JR (reprint author), ARS,BIOSYSTEMAT & NATL PARASITE COLLECT UNIT,USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD, USA. RI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/F-2426-2010 OI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/0000-0002-3824-2078 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1 BP 120 EP 127 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA WH855 UT WOS:A1997WH85500012 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Diefendorf, EJ Thompson, CJ Brown, EM Marmer, WN Cabeza, LF AF Taylor, MM Diefendorf, EJ Thompson, CJ Brown, EM Marmer, WN Cabeza, LF TI Extraction of value added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous leather industry waste SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS AND CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID WET PROCESS TECHNOLOGY; ALKALINITY-INDUCING AGENTS; PROTEIN; SHAVINGS AB In the United States, over 60 000 metric tons of chromium containing solid waste is generated by the leather industry each year, and approximately ten times this amount is generated world-wide. Environmental concerns and escalating landfill costs are becoming increasingly serious problems to the leather industry and alternative disposal methods are needed. We have developed two processes in which this waste is treated with alkali and enzymes to extract hydrolyzed and gelable protein products and a recyclable chromium cake. We have demonstrated that these processes are repeatable with respect to their chemical and physical properties and that good and repeatable material balances are obtained. The isolated chromium can be chemically treated and recycled into the tanning process. The recovered protein fractions, practically devoid of chromium, could be used in a wide range of products, including adhesives, cosmetics, films, animal feed and fertilizer. C1 INST QUIM SARRIA,DEPT ENGN,ECOTECHNOL DIV,BARCELONA 08017,SPAIN. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. RI Cabeza, Luisa F./B-4587-2013 OI Cabeza, Luisa F./0000-0001-5086-872X NR 65 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC LEATHER TECHNOL CHEMISTS PI NORTHAMPTON PA 38 ROSEHOLME RD, NORTHAMPTON, NORTHANTS, ENGLAND NN1 4TQ SN 0144-0322 J9 J SOC LEATH TECH CH JI J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 81 IS 1 BP 5 EP 13 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA WJ789 UT WOS:A1997WJ78900002 ER PT J AU Krowicki, RS Hemstreet, JM Duckett, KE AF Krowicki, RS Hemstreet, JM Duckett, KE TI A different approach to generating the fibrogram from fiber-length-array data - Part I: Theory SO JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE LA English DT Article AB Two theories of generating the fibrogram from fiber-length-array data are presented, The first calculates a fiber-length distribution by number, which is integrated twice from the longest to the shortest length to obtain the fibrogram, The second method assumes a random catching and holding of fibers within each of the length groups, thereby generating a triangular distribution by relative weight or a fibrogram for each length group, These triangular distributions are summed by using the principle of superposition to generate the fibrogram of the total sample. C1 USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Krowicki, RS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TEXTILE INST INTL HEADQUARTERS PI MANCHESTER PA 10 BLACKFRIARS ST, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND M3 5DR SN 0040-5000 J9 J TEXT I JI J. Text. Inst. PY 1997 VL 88 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA ZC788 UT WOS:000072618100001 ER PT J AU Krowicki, RS Hemstreet, JM Duckett, KE AF Krowicki, RS Hemstreet, JM Duckett, KE TI Determination of the 50% and 2.5% span lengths and the uniformity ratio with the fibrograph SO JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL FIBROGRAPH AB Length measures of cotton fibres on a Fibrograph will appear about 6% short because of crimp, Fibrograph measurements must be started at a distance from the combs and this requirement causes the 50% span length measurement to be increased by half this distance, The 2.5% span length is increased by a negligible amount, The resulting uniformity ratio can be increased by as much as 25%, An arithmetic determination of the average length of fibre held behind the front edge of the comb teeth is approximately 0.44 cm, This holding length is dependent upon cotton fibre rigidity, thereby causing a variable shortening of the measured lengths. Corrected parameters from theoretical fibrograms generated from array data compared well with measured data presented in the literature in four of the five cases examined. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Krowicki, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE INST INTL HEADQUARTERS PI MANCHESTER PA 10 BLACKFRIARS ST, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND M3 5DR SN 0040-5000 J9 J TEXT I JI J. Text. Inst. PY 1997 VL 88 IS 3 BP 167 EP 173 PN 1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA YL880 UT WOS:000071003300001 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Smith, PW Holsinger, VH AF Tunick, MH Smith, PW Holsinger, VH TI Detection of recombined butter by DSC SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE butter; butter oil; DSC; recombined butter ID FAT AB DSC can be used to quickly determine if a product labeled as butter is actually a recombined buffer made without milk. Recombined butter is manufactured from anhydrous milk fat, skim milk powder, water, salt, and lecithin. Melting profiles of tempered samples of natural butter and recombined butter were alike, but DSC curves from 5 to 25 degrees C of untempered refrigerated samples revealed that the enthalpy of the melting transition around 17-20 degrees C was much higher for natural butter than for recombined butter. The procedure for differentiating the two products can be completed in less than 20 min. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 1997 VL 49 IS 2 BP 795 EP 799 DI 10.1007/BF01996762 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA XJ183 UT WOS:A1997XJ18300024 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lewis, CG AF Fields, M Lewis, CG TI Low dietary iron restores functional capabilities of both exocrine and endocrine pancreas in copper-deficient rats SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE iron; copper; insulin; lipase; amylase; lipid peroxidation ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; HIGH-FRUCTOSE; INSULIN; CARBOHYDRATE; METABOLISM; ATROPHY; TISSUES; ISLETS AB Copper deficiency is associated with a selective atrophy of the pancreas. Copper deficiency is also associated with hepatic iron retention. In the past, we have shown that the reduction of dietary iron prevented the pathologies of the pancreas in copper-deficient rats. The present study was designed to determine whether the reduction of dietary iron in copper-deficient rats would alleviate functional disturbances of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Weanling male rats were fed a copper-deficient (0.6 mu g Cu/g) or adequate (6.0 mu gCu/g) diet containing either adequate (50 mu g Fe/g) or low (17 mu g Fe/g) iron for 4 weeks. Rats were killed following an overnight fast. Insulin, amylase and lipase were measured in pancreatic tissue. Copper-deficient rats fed the adequate-iron diet exhibited extremely high levels of insulin but low activity of amylase and lipase. Once the intake of dietary iron was reduced, levels of pancreatic insulin and activity of digestive enzymes returned to normal. Lowering intake of dietary iron resulted in reduction of liver and pancreas iron but caused an expected increase in copper concentrations. Low iron was also associated with reduction of lipid peroxidation. It is suggested that reduction of free radicals was responsible for restoring the ability of the endocrine pancreas to release insulin, which in turn stimulated the exocrine pancreas to synthesize digestive enzymes. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,METAB & NUTR INTERACT LAB,ROOM 323,BLDG 307,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XF396 UT WOS:A1997XF39600001 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Newman, SM AF Reeves, PG Newman, SM TI Ultrastructural changes in the intestine of rats fed high-zinc diets SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 96 Meeting CY APR 14-18, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC DE zinc; copper; intestine; collagen; ultrastructure; electron microscopy; rats ID COPPER DEFICIENCY; CROSS-LINKING; LYSYL OXIDASE; COLLAGEN; METALLOTHIONEIN; BONE AB The feeding of high-zinc diets to humans is often used as therapy for patients with Wilson's disease, an autosomal recessive disorder of copper accumulation. There seem to be no outward adverse effects of this treatment; however, preliminary studies in our laboratory have shown apparent weaknesses in the intestinal wall of rats fed high-zinc diets. As a consequence, this study was carried out to determine if feeding high-zinc diets to rats would affect the ultrastructural morphology of the small intestine. The effects of treatment on copper status of the rats also were determined. Weanling male rats were fed diets containing either 35 or 350 mg of zinc/kg. After 7 weeks, blood and various tissues were collected to measure copper status indicators, and portions of the upper duodenum were excised and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Results showed that rats fed high-zinc diets had significantly lower copper status as indicated by low serum copper, serum ceruloplasmin activity, and liver copper, than rats fed normal-zinc diets. Liver superoxide dismutase or cytochrome c oxidase activities were not affected by high zinc. Observations of sections of the duodenum by electron microscopy showed that non-assembled collagen molecules of the lamina propria were more often disorganized and formed tangled masses in rats fed the high-zinc diet than in those fed normal-zinc diets. This suggests that low copper status caused by high-zinc feeding might be affecting the activity of lysyl oxidase, a copper-dependent enzyme, and thus crosslinking of the collagen molecules. However, these observations did not always correlate with low copper status. Other possible explanations include a direct competition between zinc and copper for sites on lysyl oxidase, zinc blocking of aldehyde residues on the collagen molecule, or some unrecognized process involving other enzymes or other aspects of collagen assembly. Whether such processes or affinities actually exist is still under investigation. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOX 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1997)10:1<37::AID-JTRA5>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XF396 UT WOS:A1997XF39600005 ER PT J AU Davis, CD AF Davis, CD TI Effect of dietary zinc and copper on beta-amyloid precursor protein expression in the rat brain SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE APP; extracellular superoxide dismutase ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; WILSONS-DISEASE; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; METALLOTHIONEIN; GENE; DEMENTIA; BINDING; THERAPY; SERUM AB The beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the source of the amyloid beta-peptide that accumulates in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. Recently, APP has been shown to bind zinc and copper, and this binding has been suggested to control APP conformation and stability. In vitro studies show that zinc ions cause beta-amyloid protein to form plaques resembling the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This suggests a role for zinc and/or copper in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Male Sprague Dawley rats (100 +/- 10 g) were fed diets containing 5, 35, or 350 mu g zinc/g diet, and 1.5, 3 or 6 mu g copper/g diet for 6 weeks. Brain APP expression was determined by using Western blots. Proteins were separated on 8.5% SDS-PAGE, and the APP immunoreactive species were detected by using anti-Alzheimer precursor protein A4 clone 22C11. Alterations in dietary zinc and copper significantly (P < 0.05) affected ceruloplasmin, red blood cell and extracellular superoxide dismutase activities, and tissue mineral concentrations. Although brain zinc concentrations were 13% lower (P < 0.005) in animals fed low dietary Zinc than in animals fed high dietary zinc, and brain copper concentrations were 11% lower (P < 0.0001) in animals fed low dietary copper than in animals fed high dietary copper, there were no significant differences in the expression of APP among the different dietary treatments. Therefore, it seems that dietary zinc and copper do not affect APP expression in the rat brain. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Davis, CD (reprint author), ARS,USDA,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1997)10:4<249::AID-JTRA6>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YJ726 UT WOS:A1997YJ72600006 ER PT J AU DeanNystrom, EA Burkhardt, D Bosworth, BT Welter, MW AF DeanNystrom, EA Burkhardt, D Bosworth, BT Welter, MW TI Presence of F18ac (2134P) fimbriae on 4P(-) Escherichia coli isolates from weaned pigs with diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID POSTWEANING DIARRHEA; ADHESIVE FIMBRIAE; VIRULENCE FACTORS; SWEDISH PIGLETS; F107 FIMBRIAE; EDEMA DISEASE; SUBUNIT GENE; STRAINS; K88; K99 C1 AMBICO,DALLAS CTR,IA 50063. RP DeanNystrom, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA 1600 E ROLLINS, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 77 EP 79 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XM721 UT WOS:A1997XM72100013 PM 9087930 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Kelley, LC Gray, ML Glaus, TM AF Hall, DG Kelley, LC Gray, ML Glaus, TM TI Lymphocytic inflammation of pancreatic islets in a diabetic cat SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID YOUNG CATTLE; MELLITUS; CELLS C1 USDA,FSIS,EASTERN LAB,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605. UNIV ZURICH,VET MED KLIN,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA 1600 E ROLLINS, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 98 EP 100 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XM721 UT WOS:A1997XM72100020 PM 9087937 ER PT J AU Whetstone, CA Suarez, DL Miller, JM Pesch, BA Harp, JA AF Whetstone, CA Suarez, DL Miller, JM Pesch, BA Harp, JA TI Bovine lentivirus induces early transient B-cell proliferation in experimentally inoculated cattle and appears to be pantropic SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; INFECTED CATTLE; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; CATS; CALVES; ABNORMALITIES; ACTIVATION; PATHOGEN AB Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) was first isolated in 1972 (M. J. VanDerMaaten et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 49:1619-1657, 1972). Much work has been done on the molecular characterization of BIV in studies using the original BIV R29 isolate; however, R29 is believed to be attenuated since it no longer causes either mononuclear cell number increases or detectable enlargement of lymphatic nodules in experimentally infected cattle. The host cell tropism and changes in host peripheral blood lymphocyte populations following infection with BTV are unknown. Recently, we isolated and characterized a held isolate of BIV, FL112 (D. L. Suarez et al., J. Virol. 67:5051-5055, 1993) that causes a transient, mononuclear cell lymphocytosis in experimentally infected cattle. In the present study, cattle were inoculated with BIV FL112, and data from flow cytometry showed that BIV causes a B-cell lymphocytosis with no consistent, significant changes in other mononuclear cell populations, including CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) cells. Cell sorting and PCR amplification were used to show that BIV may be pantropic. Proviral DNA was present in CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and B-cells, monocytes, and WC1 cells (gamma/delta T cells, null cells) by 3 to 6 days postinoculation and also at 2.5 years postinoculation. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 640 EP 644 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA VX292 UT WOS:A1997VX29200079 PM 8985394 ER PT J AU Spraker, TR Miller, MW Williams, ES Getzy, DM Adrian, WJ Schoonveld, GG Spowart, RA ORourke, KI Miller, JM Merz, PA AF Spraker, TR Miller, MW Williams, ES Getzy, DM Adrian, WJ Schoonveld, GG Spowart, RA ORourke, KI Miller, JM Merz, PA TI Spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in northcentral Colorado SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE spongiform encephalopathy; chronic wasting disease; mule deer; white-tailed deer; Rocky Mountain elk; Odocoileus hemionus; Odocoileus virginianus; Cervus elaphus nelsoni ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; SCRAPIE; SHEEP; BRAIN AB Between March 1981 and June 1995, a neurological disease characterized histologically by spongiform encephalopathy was diagnosed in 49 free-ranging cervids from northcentral Colorado (USA). Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were the primary species affected and accounted for 41 (84%) of the 49 cases, but six Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and two white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were also affected. Clinical signs included emaciation, excessive salivation, behavioral changes, ataxia, and weakness. Emaciation with total loss of subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue and serous atrophy of remaining fat depots were the only consistent gross findings. Spongiform encephalopathy characterized by microcavitation of gray matter, intraneuronal vacuolation and neuronal degeneration was observed microscopically in all cases. Scrapie-associated prion protein or an antigenically indistinguishable protein was demonstrated in brains from 26 affected animals, 10 using an immunohistochemical staining procedure, nine using electron microscopy, and seven using Western blot. Clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions and ancillary test findings in affected deer and elk were indistinguishable from those reported in chronic wasting disease of captive cervids. Prevalence estimates, transmissibility, host range, distribution, origins, and management implications of spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging deer and elk remain undetermined. C1 COLORADO DIV WILDLIFE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT VET SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82070. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. ARS,USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,STATEN ISL,NY 10314. RP Spraker, TR (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,COLORADO STATE DIAGNOST LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 21 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WE491 UT WOS:A1997WE49100001 PM 9027685 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Cheville, NF Kunkle, RA Palmer, MV Jensen, AE AF Olsen, SC Cheville, NF Kunkle, RA Palmer, MV Jensen, AE TI Bacterial survival, lymph node pathology, and serological responses of bison (Bison bison) vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 or strain 19 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bison; Bison bison; Brucella; RB51; serology; vaccine ID MUTANT STRAINS; CATTLE; IMMUNE; COWS; MICE AB From August 1993 to June 1994, 3 month-old bison (Bison bison) were vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51, n = 6). strain 19 (S19, n = 3), or with saline (n = 1) and serologic responses and persistence or vaccine strains within lymph nodes were monitored. Bison vaccinated with S19 had granulomatous lymphadenitis and greater peak numbers of B. abortus than those vaccinated with SRB51. Bison vaccinated with RB51 had similar histological lesions and B. abortus were still present in lymph nodes at 16 weeks. Although antibodies against RB51 mere produced, standard tube agglutination test responses of RB51-vaccinates remained negative. The histological lesions of B. abortus infections in bison were similar to those observed in cattle, but bison did not clear SRB51 as rapidly as cattle. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WE491 UT WOS:A1997WE49100020 PM 9027704 ER PT J AU Annand, EM Thompson, FR AF Annand, EM Thompson, FR TI Forest bird response to regeneration practices in central hardwood forests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE central hardwoods forest; clearcut; group selection; Missouri Ozarks; nesting success; shelterwood; single-tree selection; songbirds ID BREEDING BIRDS; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; SUCCESS AB We studied breeding songbird populations in a managed, predominantly forested landscape, in southeastern Missouri. We determined differences in the relative abundance of breeding birds in forest stands that had been harvested by the clearcut (n = 12), shelterwood (n = 12), group selection (n = 12), and single-tree selection (n = 10) forest regeneration methods, and mature even-aged stands (n = 12). Five migrant songbirds, the blue-winged warbler (Vermivora pinus), prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor), rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus), and yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens), were more abundant in clearcut treatments than other treatments (P < 0.001). Indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) and field sparrows (Spizella pusilla) were more abundant in clearcut and shelterwood treatments than other treatments (P < 0.001). Hooded warblers (Wilsonia citrina) and northern parulas (Parula americana) were more abundant in the selection treatments than other treatments (P < 0.001). Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) and wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) were most abundant in mature sites (P < 0.001). Acadian flycatchers (Empidonax virescens) and red-eyed vireos (Vireo olivaceus) were more abundant in group and single-tree selection treatments and mature stands than in clearcut or shelterwood treatments (P < 0.02). Numbers of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) were greater in clearcut treatments than in other treatments (P < 0.001). The abundances of 2 avian nest predators, the blue lay (Cyanocitta cristata), and the American crow (Corvus brachyrhyches), were not significantly greater in any of the 5 treatments (P > 0.30). Nest success of species nesting in clearcut and shelterwood treatments was 18-50%. The percent of the sire in gaps, shrub stem density, and tree-diameter distribution differed among forest regeneration methods (P < 0.001). We believe habitat requirements of birds in managed forests can be best met by a mixture of even- and uneven-aged forest management that creates a range of disturbance sizes. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP Annand, EM (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI, SCH NAT RESOURCES, 112 STEPHENS HALL, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NR 44 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.2307/3802425 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA WL788 UT WOS:A1997WL78800017 ER PT J AU WagerPage, SA Epple, G Mason, JR AF WagerPage, SA Epple, G Mason, JR TI Variation in avoidance of Siberian pine needle oil by rodent and avian species SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE animal damage control; deer mice; European starlings; ingestive behavior; Microtus ochrogaster; Peromyscus maniculatus; pine needle oil; prairie voles; repellent; Sturnus vulgaris ID INSECTICIDES; REPELLENT; SELECTION; TOXICITY AB Siberian pine needle oil, a mixture of potentially repellent compounds, deters feeding in herbivores. To determine its effectiveness as a general vertebrate repellent, we compared the feeding responses of 2 rodent and an avian species to olfactory and oral cues of Siberian pine needle oil. In e-choice tests, subjects had access to 2 apple pieces, 1 coated with the vehicle solution (vegetable oil) and the other with the repellent solution (Siberian pine needle oil). Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) ingested 1.9 +/- 0.1 g of oil-coated apple compared to 0.7 +/- 0.1 g of apple adulterated with 10% pine needle oil (P < 0.05). Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) ingested 2.4 +/- 0.3 g of oil-coated apple compared to 1.5 +/- 0.2 g of apple treated with 10% pine needle oil (P < 0.05). In contrast, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were insensitive to pine needle oil's aversive effect. Prairie voles increased their avoidance of pine needle oil-adulterated apple in e-choice tests following repeated exposure to the stimuli. However, in 1-choice tests neither oral contact with pine needle oil nor exposure to its volatile cues decreased apple ingestion by prairie voles. Siberian pine needle oil has promise as a rodent control agent when employed in settings where use of a nonlethal product is desirable and alternative food sources are readily available. C1 LOGAN STATE UNIV,USDA,PREDATOR ECOL PROJECT,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP WagerPage, SA (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.2307/3802433 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA WL788 UT WOS:A1997WL78800025 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP McSweeny, JD AF Agarwal, UP McSweeny, JD TI Photoyellowing of thermomechanical pulps: Looking beyond alpha-carbonyl and ethylenic groups as the initiating structures SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-YIELD PULPS; CHEMIMECHANICAL PULPS; CHROMOPHORE FORMATION; LIGNIN; LIGHT; PHOTODEGRADATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM AB Photoyellowed and control unbleached, borohydride bleached, and bleached and diimide-reduced spruce thermomechanical pulps (TMPs) were studied using near-IR excited FT Raman, DRIFT, and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis. spectroscopies. In addition, extracts of yellowed pulps were analyzed spectroscopically. FT Raman spectroscopy was used for the first time in the study of the photoyellowing phenomenon. Post color number data of the yellowed TMP handsheets suggested that alpha-carbonyl and ring-conjugated ethylenic groups did not play a significant role in the yellowing process. This suggestion was further supported by not only the similarity of the FT Raman and DRIFT spectra of the three yellowed pulps but by the similarity between the spectra of the pulps' yellow extracts. Raman spectra of the TMPs provided evidence for the following: (1) diimide-reduced TMP was indeed free of aromatic ring-conjugated ethylenic bonds; (2) photoexposure of unbleached TMP caused degradation of coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol structures; and (3) photoexposure of bleached TMP caused the degradation of coniferyl alcohol structures. In addition, yellowing resulted in changes in the 1600 cm(-1) Raman band and a new broad feature appeared at 1675 cm(-1). In the IR spectra of pulp extracts, the latter vibrational mode was detected at 1673 cm(-1). IR spectra of the yellowed pulps and their extracts showed increased absorption at 1727 cm(-1). Upon yellowing, contribution to this band was primarily from the photoproducts of those lignin structures that did not contain a conjugated-ethylenic bond. These results suggest that there are yellowing initiating structures, other than alpha-carbonyl and ethylenic groups, that are responsible for most of the yellowing in unbleached, borohydride bleached, and diimide-reduced TMPs. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1080/02773819708003115 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA XC698 UT WOS:A1997XC69800001 ER PT J AU Peng, WL Conner, AH Hemingway, RW AF Peng, WL Conner, AH Hemingway, RW TI Phenolation of (+)-catechin with mineral acids. II. Identification of new reaction products SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED TANNINS; COMPOUND; CATALYST AB To investigate the reactions that occur in the flavanoid unit during the liquefaction of tannin in phenol, the phenolysis of (+)-catechin was studied using either H2SO4, HCl, Or BF3 . 2H(2)O as acid catalyst. In addition to 2-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-1,3,5-benzenetriol (1) and 2-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-4,6-benzofurandiol (3) that have been described previously, eight additional reaction products were isolated, four of which were compounds that have not been described previously. The novel compounds described here are: 2-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-1,3,5-benzenetriol (2), 2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-4,6-benzofurandiol (4), 2-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-7-(4-hydrophenyl)methyl-4,6-benzofurandiol (5), and 2-(1,3,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']-difuran-4-ol (6). The structures of these and other previously described products are consistent with opening of the pyran ring of catechin and reaction at C-2 by either the para or the ortho position of phenol. Additional products resulting from reaction between pyran ring cleavage products and catechin, and from reaction of cleavage products were found. Similar reactions would be expected to take place during the phenolysis of condensed tannins. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Peng, WL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 341 EP 360 DI 10.1080/02773819708003137 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA YP338 UT WOS:000071266900001 ER PT J AU Landucci, LL Ralph, SA AF Landucci, LL Ralph, SA TI Assessment of lignin model quality in lignin chemical shift assignments - Substituent and solvent effects SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-HYDROXYCINNAMYL ALCOHOLS; TRANSITION-METAL SALTS; AROMATIC CARBONS; C-13-NMR SPECTRA; KRAFT LIGNINS; NMR; ACETATES AB Typical solution-state C-13 NMR spectra of lignins obtained with relatively modern instrumention contain well over 100 signals. The use of classical lignin model compounds is no longer sufficient for accurate interpretation of these spectra. Ultimately, the only valid models for etherified C-9 units in lignin (which account for about 80% of the lignin polymer) must be at least trimeric or tetrameric, depending on the linkages involved. One approach that can be used involves NMR substituent effects. This approach avoids tedious syntheses while retaining the much-needed accuracy of chemical shift correlations between models and natural lignins. Appropriate substituent effects have been calculated by the use of an extensive NMR database of dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric lignin model compounds. Effects related to acetylation and solvent have also been determined. For example, accurate chemical shift data for an underivatized milled-wood lignin (MWL) in DMSO-d(6) can be determined on the basis of the chemical shifts of the corresponding acetylated MWL in acetone-d(6). C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Srev, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Landucci, LL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Srev, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 361 EP 382 DI 10.1080/02773819708003138 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA YP338 UT WOS:000071266900002 ER PT J AU Singh, NA Clements, KM Fiatarone, MA AF Singh, NA Clements, KM Fiatarone, MA TI A randomized controlled trial of progressive resistance training in depressed elders SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AEROBIC EXERCISE; SELF-EFFICACY; RELIABILITY; POPULATION; INVENTORY; MEN AB Background. Depression in elderly people may be contributed to by the multiple losses of aging. Exercise has the potential to positively impact many of these losses simultaneously. We tested the hypothesis that progressive resistance training (PRT) would reduce depression while improving physiologic capacity, quality of life, morale, function and self-efficacy without adverse events in an older, significantly depressed population. Methods. We conducted a 10-week randomized controlled trial of volunteers aged 60 and above with major or minor depression or dysthymia. Subjects were randomized for 10 weeks to either a supervised PRT program three times a week or an attention-control group. Results, A total of 32 subjects aged 60-84, mean age 71.3 +/- 1.2 yr, were randomized and completed the study. No significant adverse events occurred. Median compliance was 95%. PRT significantly reduced all depression measures (Beck Depression Inventory in exercisers 21.3 +/- 1.8 to 9.8 +/- 2.3 versus controls 18.4 +/- 1.7 to 13.8 +/- 2, p = .002: Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression in exercisers 12.3 +/- 0.9 to 5.3 +/- 1.3 versus controls 11.4 +/- 1.0 to 8.9 +/- 1.3, p = .008). Quality of life subscales of bodily pain (I, = .001), vitality (p = .002), social functioning (p = .008). and role emotional (p = .02) were all significantly improved by exercise compared to controls. Strength increased a mean of 33% +/- 4% in exercisers and decreased 2% +/- 2% in controls (p < .0001). In a multiple stepwise regression model, intensity of training was a significant independent predictor of decrease in depression scores (r(2) = .617, p = .0002). Conclusions. PRT is an effective antidepressant in depressed elders, while also improving strength, morale, and quality of life. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,PHYSIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. BROCKTON W ROXBURY VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,BROCKTON,MA. HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,ROSLINDALE,MA. FU NIA NIH HHS [UO1 AG-09078, AG-08812] NR 33 TC 194 Z9 198 U1 9 U2 22 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1 BP M27 EP M35 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WC113 UT WOS:A1997WC11300015 PM 9008666 ER PT J AU Irving, HB AF Irving, HB TI Computer-assisted indexing training and electronic text conversion at NAL SO KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article AB The Indexing Branch of the National Agricultural Library (NAL) has launched a project to move from their traditional one-on-one method of training novice indexers to a computer-based, largely self-directed training program. CAIT, the Computer-Assisted Indexing Tutor, has teen designed to standardize, streamline and improve the quality of indexer training. In addition, to support the increased need for ail NAL indexers to more fully utilize microcomputers far indexing production, the Branch investigated the ''reinvention'' of paper versions of frequently used indexing tools as electronic references. RP Irving, HB (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR LIB,INDEXING BRANCH,10301 BALTIMORE ST,RM 011,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION PI FRANKFURT 50 PA 36A WOOGSTR, D-6000 FRANKFURT 50, GERMANY SN 0943-7444 J9 KNOWL ORGAN JI Knowl. Organ. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WX654 UT WOS:A1997WX65400001 ER PT J AU McElvaine, M Favero, MS Mullan, RJ AF McElvaine, M Favero, MS Mullan, RJ TI Defining and applying risk analysis: Excerpts from the proceedings of the Fourth National Symposium on Biosafety SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Risk analysis, as it applies to a laboratory animal facility, was a hot topic at the Fourth National Symposium on Biosafety (Atlanta, GA). The concept provides a practical approach to assessing and managing the variety of risks associated with the day-to-day operations of a facility. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP McElvaine, M (reprint author), USDA,ORACBA,1400 INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,5248-5,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 22 EP & PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WD614 UT WOS:A1997WD61400006 ER PT J AU Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ AF Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ TI Outbreak of leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,EPIDEM WORKING GRP,MINIST HLTH NICARAGUA,PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 831 EP 831 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA WD486 UT WOS:A1997WD48600846 ER PT J AU Cole, DN Hammond, TP McCool, SF AF Cole, DN Hammond, TP McCool, SF TI Information quantity and communication effectiveness: Low-impact messages on wilderness trailside bulletin boards SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE attention; comprehension; information processing; low-impact knowledge; persuasive communication; retention; visitor education; wilderness management AB This study assessed the attention wilderness visitors gave to environmental messages encouraging low-impact practices posted on trailside bulletin boards at a national wilderness area, the ability of visitors to retain message content, and their ability to correctly identify agency-recommended practices. The number of posted messages was varied from two to eight, as well as whether there was a map posted beside the messages, to assess the effect of information quantity and a message attractant. Hikers experienced a significant increase in knowledge levels following exposure to messages, but there was evidence of information overload when numerous messages were posted. As the number of messages increased, total message attention increased, bur the attention devoted to each message and the ability to retain message content declined. This finding helps explain why hikers exposed id all eight messages could not identify any more of the agency-recommended low-impact practices than those exposed to only two messages. Posting a map had no effect on message attention or message content retention. C1 US FOREST SERV,ALDO LEOPOLD WILDERNESS RES INST,MISSOULA,MT 59807. UNIV MONTANA,SCH FORESTRY,MISSOULA,MT 59812. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 59 EP 72 PG 14 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA WP523 UT WOS:A1997WP52300004 ER PT J AU McKeon, TA GoodrichTanrikulu, M Lin, JT Stafford, A AF McKeon, TA GoodrichTanrikulu, M Lin, JT Stafford, A TI Pathways for fatty acid elongation and desaturation in Neurospora crassa SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID MUTANTS AB Neurospora crassa incorporated exogenous deuterated palmitate (16:0) and C-14-labeled oleate (18:1(Delta 9)) into cell lipids. Of the exogenous 18:1(Delta 9) incorporated, 59% was desaturated to 18:2(Delta 9,12) and 18:3(Delta 9,12,15). Of the exogenous 16:0 incorporated, 20% was elongated to 18:0, while 37% was elongated and desaturated into 18:1(Delta 9), 18:2(Delta 9,12), and 18:3(Delta 9,12,15). The mass of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid and triacylglycerol is 12 times greater than the mass of 18:0. Deuterium label incorporation in unsaturated fatty acids is only twofold greater than in 18:0, indicating a sixfold preferential use of 16:0 for saturated fatty acid synthesis. These results indicate that the release of 16:0 from fatty acid synthase is a key control point that influences fatty acid composition in Neurospora. RP McKeon, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JAN PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0001-8 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WD694 UT WOS:A1997WD69400001 PM 9075186 ER PT B AU MorrowTesch, J AF MorrowTesch, J BE Bottcher, RW Hoff, SJ TI An animal well-being perspective SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT V, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Livestock Environment (ILES V) CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Struct & Environm Div, Environm Anim Struct Comm DE behavior; well-being; welfare; stress; livestock AB The outcome from any animal production unit should have the following goals: 1) a system of raising farm animals that enhances well-being, 2) a safe, pleasant environment for farm workers, 3) being ecologically sound, and 4) producing a safe food product that consumers can afford. These goals will be discussed at great length during this ILES conference based on the topics to be presented. Animal well-being, an animal's state as it attempts to cope with it's environment(Broom, 1991), is certainly an issue when addressing how we raise livestock, and how we house and transport our production animals. One of the most important points in addressing sustainable agriculture resides in meeting consumer demands. Societal issues will influence how animal production occurs, whether through supply side economics or legislation. It is therefore, very important that scientists identify objective measures of animal well-being, that the information is transmitted to the end user, the producer, so that improvements in production practices can be made. Transmission of animal welfare science must also be used to educate consumers about the production of animals for food. RP MorrowTesch, J (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,MWA,LIVESTOCK BEHAV RES UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-84-9 PY 1997 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BJ68H UT WOS:A1997BJ68H00004 ER PT B AU Eigenberg, RA Hahn, GL Nienaber, JA AF Eigenberg, RA Hahn, GL Nienaber, JA BE Bottcher, RW Hoff, SJ TI Tympanic temperature rise at meal events as indices of thermal environments: Swine SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT V, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Livestock Environment (ILES V) CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Struct & Environm Div, Environm Anim Struct Comm DE environmental temperature; tympanic temperature; thermal environment AB Methodology was developed to estimate the relative heat loss of swine during a meal event in different thermal environments as a means of characterizing environmental stressors. The technique involves evaluation of the rise characteristic of the tympanic temperature responses during a meal event, as analyzed by a curve fitting program generating a measure of the relative heat exchange between the animal and its environment. The technique was tested using swine in three constant temperature conditions: 28 degrees C, 18 degrees C, and 8 degrees C. The meal-associated measure, based on the biological response of the animal using noninvasive measures, objectively classified the 18 degrees C and 28 degrees C treatment environments as significantly different (P<0.0001). The results provide further information contributing to understanding thermoregulatory responses, which allow improved management of thermal environments for swine. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-84-9 PY 1997 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BJ68H UT WOS:A1997BJ68H00026 ER PT B AU MorrowTesch, J McGlone, JJ AF MorrowTesch, J McGlone, JJ BE Bottcher, RW Hoff, SJ TI Environmental enrichment and well-being in cattle and swine production systems SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT V, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Livestock Environment (ILES V) CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Struct & Environm Div, Environm Anim Struct Comm DE environmental enrichment; behavior; cattle; pigs AB A series of experiments have been conducted to better understand how the animal's environment affects measures of well-being. In one study behavior and brain morphometry measures were compared for 6 outdoor-reared and 6 indoor-reared 8-week-old gilts. The three brain sites measured were auditory (AC), visual (VC), and somatosensory cortex (SSC). Pigs reared in the more complex outdoor environment had more auditory dendritic segments than pigs reared in the indoor environment (4.86 vs. 4.24 +/- 0.22, P < 0.01). Outdoor-reared pigs were more active and showed greater rooting (P < 0.05) than indoor-reared pigs. Another series of studies on animal-environment interactions compared group-housing systems for young calves with and without environmental enrichment devices. Calves raised in groups spent a similar amount of time engaged in oral behavior (42.5 vs 25.5 +/- 9.3 min/24 hr for enriched vs unenriched pens; P = 0.237). Calves without environmental enrichment devices spent 10.3 min/24 hr cross sucking on other calves while those calves with enrichment spent 0.6 min/24 hr (P = 0.176) cross sucking. The potential to influence behavior by modifying the animals environment appears promising and may be a way of enhancing both psychological and physiological well-being in production environments. RP MorrowTesch, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,LIVESTOCK BEHAV RES UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-84-9 PY 1997 BP 287 EP 294 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BJ68H UT WOS:A1997BJ68H00039 ER PT B AU Hahn, GL Mader, TL AF Hahn, GL Mader, TL BE Bottcher, RW Hoff, SJ TI Heat waves in relation to thermoregulation, feeding behavior and mortality of feedlot cattle SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT V, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Livestock Environment (ILES V) CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Struct & Environm Div, Environm Anim Struct Comm DE thermal environment; temperature-humidity index; dynamic response; thresholds; livestock management AB Dynamic responses of growing, ad-lib-fed cattle to the onset of a heat wave are used to develop environmental management guides for limiting animal morbidity and mortality during the progression of a heat wave. A July 1995 heat wave in the mid-central United States, which caused extensive feedlot cattle death and performance losses, is used to illustrate how knowledge of the dynamic responses (especially body temperature and feed intake) in relation to increasing temperature and humidity (represented by the Temperature-Humidity Index [THI]) can benefit feedlot managers when a heat wave is forecast. An environmental profile developed from the analysis supports the use of THI greater than or equal to 79 as a threshold for feedlot cattle placed at risk, and suggests that several hours with THI greater than or equal to 84 and limited or no nighttime recovery periods with THI less than or equal to 74 can result in death of vulnerable animals unless immediate action is taken to limit excessive heat loads. These results emphasize the importance of recovery periods, as well as heat intensity and duration above stress thresholds, in thermoregulation and the potential for death losses in feedlot cattle during hot weather. Proactive environmental management counter-measures are suggested. RP Hahn, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-84-9 PY 1997 BP 563 EP 571 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BJ68H UT WOS:A1997BJ68H00073 ER PT B AU Korthals, RL Hahn, GL Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA AF Korthals, RL Hahn, GL Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA BE Bottcher, RW Hoff, SJ TI Swine feeding behavior and body temperature responses to an extended stepped temperature increase SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT V, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Livestock Environment (ILES V) CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Struct & Environm Div, Environm Anim Struct Comm DE thermal environment; dynamic response; acclimation; livestock management AB Tympanic temperatures and feeding behaviors were monitored for growing, ad-lib-fed swine (55 kg initial weight) exposed for 12 days to increases of 4, 7, or 10 degrees C above a base environmental temperature of 23 degrees C constant conditions or to an increase of 7 degrees C above 23+/-5 degrees C cyclic conditions. There was a significant reduction in number of meals, time spent eating and feed intake for the day after compared to the day before the imposition of heat stress. The animals acclimated, so that there were no significant differences in number of meals, time spent eating, or feed intake when comparing the day before with the day after removal of the heat stress. Animals exposed to 30+/-5 degrees C cyclic temperatures had similar feed intakes but ate 2.7 fewer meals (7.3 vs 4.6) and spent 27.6 min less time eating (86.4 vs 114 min) compared to the animals under 30 degrees C constant ambient temperatures. Daily average tympanic temperature increased 0.1 degrees C for every 1 degrees C ambient temperature rise on the day following compared to the day preceding the imposition of heat stress for all four treatments. Differences in tympanic temperatures also were insignificant when comparing the day before with the day after the removal of the heat stress. There were no significant differences in tympanic temperatures of swine exposed to constant conditions compared to those under cyclic conditions before heat stress, but the maximum, mean, and standard deviation were 0.42 degrees C, 0.24 degrees C and 0.17 degrees C higher for hot cyclic conditions compared to hot constant conditions. Estimates of lag time and rise time of tympanic temperature following the imposition of heat stress were 2.3 h and 3.3 h, respectively, for both constant and cyclic conditions. RP Korthals, RL (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-84-9 PY 1997 BP 781 EP 788 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BJ68H UT WOS:A1997BJ68H00103 ER PT B AU Moore, PA Huff, WE Daniel, TC Edwards, DR Sauer, TC AF Moore, PA Huff, WE Daniel, TC Edwards, DR Sauer, TC BE Bottcher, RW Hoff, SJ TI Effect of aluminum sulfate on ammonia fluxes from poultry litter in commercial broiler houses SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT V, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Livestock Environment (ILES V) CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Struct & Environm Div, Environm Anim Struct Comm DE alum; ammonia volatilization; manure AB Ammonia emissions from poultry litter can result in high levels of ammonia in poultry facilities, which cause poor performance. Recent studies have shown that aluminum sulfate (Al-2(SO4)(3) 14H(2)O) is very effective in reducing ammonia volatilization from litter and decreasing phosphorus runoff from fields fertilized with litter. The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a simple method for measuring ammonia fluxes from animal manures, such as broiler litter, and (2) to determine the effect of aluminum sulfate (alum) on ammonia fluxes from poultry litter. Eighteen flux chambers were constructed using inexpensive and readily available materials (5 gallon buckets, rubber septums, wire and cardboard). Three of the chambers were randomly placed in each of six broiler houses. Three of the houses had been treated with aluminum sulfate at a rate of 1.2 kg m(-2), the other three were controls. Ammonia measurements were made inside the chambers at time 0 and at one hour. Ammonia fluxes in the alum-treated houses approached zero for the first four weeks of the growout (O.11 mg NH3 m(-2) h(-1)), whereas fluxes from control houses were 9.49 mg NH3 m(-2) h(-1) for the same period. Subsequent research was conducted on the effect of varying the flux measurement period. Results from this study showed that ammonia fluxes inside these chambers were linear for the first 30 minutes and levelled off afterwards. This method provides a simple, rapid estimation of ammonia volatilization from animal manure that is independent of the ventilation rate in the rearing facility. This method also allows researchers to measure ammonia volatilization in small pen trials where the atmosphere above the pens is mixed. RP Moore, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY PROD & PROD SAFETY RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-84-9 PY 1997 BP 883 EP 891 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BJ68H UT WOS:A1997BJ68H00116 ER PT B AU Feil, VJ Davison, KL Larsen, GL Fries, GF AF Feil, VJ Davison, KL Larsen, GL Fries, GF BE Bottcher, RW Hoff, SJ TI Pentachlorophenol treated wood as a source of dioxin residues in beef SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT V, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Livestock Environment (ILES V) CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Struct & Environm Div, Environm Anim Struct Comm DE polychlorinated-dibenzo-p-dioxins; polychlorinated dibenzofurans AB Pentachlorophenol treated wood used in beef production facilities has been found to be a major source of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans in the U.S. beef supply. Hay and ground corn had concentrations of dioxins and furans that were generally below the limits of detection and could not account for the concentrations found in the perirenal fat. These findings provide an explanation for the highly variable amounts of these pollutants found in animals from a given production site. RP Feil, VJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-84-9 PY 1997 BP 1004 EP 1009 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BJ68H UT WOS:A1997BJ68H00134 ER PT B AU Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL Eigenberg, RA Korthals, RL Yen, JT Harris, DL AF Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL Eigenberg, RA Korthals, RL Yen, JT Harris, DL BE Bottcher, RW Hoff, SJ TI Genetic and heat stress interaction effects on finishing swine SO LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT V, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Livestock Environment (ILES V) CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Struct & Environm Div, Environm Anim Struct Comm DE adaptation; air temperature; carcass; lean; threshold AB Swine of two genetic composites (moderate-growth and high-lean-growth) were each subjected to three environmental temperatures: control treatment at thermoneutral (18 degrees C), with two elevated air temperature treatments to reduce ad-lib feed intake by 13 or 26%, based on control animals of each breed. The genetic composites were penned individually, three animals per chamber, and chamber temperatures were adjusted daily to obtain the desired feed intakes based on treatment averages. Feed intakes of the controls were similar between the genetic composites but the growth rate of the lean pigs was 10% greater. Growth rates of the heat-stressed moderate-growth composites were generally reduced in proportion to feed intake and there was little effect on feed conversion. However, growth rates of the high-lean-growth composites were drastically reduced by 34 and 25% for the 26 and 13% reduced feed treatments, respectively, causing much poorer feed conversion for the heat-stressed animals. Ultrasound measured backfat was similar among the three treatments for the moderate-growth pigs but backfat and intramuscular leaf fat were increased by 10 to 25% for the heat-stressed lean pigs, respectively. All animals were fed the same ration, therefore, there were apparently differences in utilization of that ration by the two genetic composites. RP Nienaber, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-84-9 PY 1997 BP 1017 EP 1023 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA BJ68H UT WOS:A1997BJ68H00136 ER PT B AU Cole, DN AF Cole, DN BE Harmon, D TI Visitors, conditions, and management options for high-use destination areas in wilderness SO MAKING PROTECTION WORK: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PARKS AND ON PUBLIC LANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands - Making Protection Work CY MAR 17-21, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP George Wright Soc, US Natl Park Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, E Natl Park & Monument Assoc, US Natl Park Serv, Park Planning & Special Studies Div C1 US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 1997 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA BN83M UT WOS:000083133100007 ER PT J AU Sonstegard, TS LopezCorrales, NL Kappes, SM Stone, RT Ambady, S deLeon, FAP Beattie, CW AF Sonstegard, TS LopezCorrales, NL Kappes, SM Stone, RT Ambady, S deLeon, FAP Beattie, CW TI An integrated genetic and physical map of the bovine X Chromosome SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE MAP; MICRODISSECTION CLONES; PSEUDOAUTOSOMAL REGION; MICROSATELLITES; MARKERS; GENOME; LIBRARIES; CATTLE AB Genotypic data for 56 microsatellites (ms) generated from maternal full sib families nested within paternal half sib pedigrees were used to construct a linkage map of the bovine X Chromosome (Chr) (BTX) that spans 150 cM (ave. interval 2.7 chi). The linkage map contains 36 previously unlinked ms; seven generated from a BTXp library. Genotypic data from these 36 ms was merged into an existing linkage map to more than double the number of informative BTX markers. A male specific linkage map of the pseudoautosomal region was also constructed from five ms at the distal end of BTXq. Four informative probes physically assigned by fluorescence in situ hybridization defined the extent of coverage, confirmed the position of the pseudoautosomal region on the q-arm, and identified a 4.1-cM marker interval containing the centromere of BTX. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT VET & ANIM SCI,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,SPUR 18D,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. OI Ponce de Leon, Federico/0000-0001-8645-553X NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s003359900339 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA WA746 UT WOS:A1997WA74600004 PM 9021142 ER PT J AU Alexander, LJ Smith, TPL Beattie, CW Broom, MF AF Alexander, LJ Smith, TPL Beattie, CW Broom, MF TI Construction and characterization of a large insert porcine YAC library SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE MAP; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; YEAST; GENOME; CLONES; DNA C1 UNIV OTAGO,DEPT BIOCHEM,AGRES MOL BIOL UNIT,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. UNIV OTAGO,CTR GENE RES,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. RP Alexander, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,STATE SPUR 18D,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 50 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s003359900347 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA WA746 UT WOS:A1997WA74600012 PM 9021150 ER PT B AU Armstrong, JW Jang, EB AF Armstrong, JW Jang, EB BE Allwood, AJ Drew, RAI TI An overview of present and future fruit fly research in Hawaii and the US mainland SO MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLIES IN THE PACIFIC SE ACIAR PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Regional Symposium on the Management of Fruit Flies in the Pacific CY OCT 28-31, 1996 CL NADI, FIJI SP Austr Agcy Int Dev, Austr Ctr Int Agr Res, UN Dev Programme, New Zealand Govt, European Union Plant Protect Serv, S Pacific Commiss, UN FAO, Crawford Fund Int Agr Res AB Fruit fly research in Hawaii and the US mainland is an important priority of the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), with active research programs at several ARS laboratories that directly impact state, federal and foreign regulatory agencies, cooperators in universities and in domestic, import, and export fresh fruit industries. The research programs cover established species found in Florida and Hawaii, incursive species, such as Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew, in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas, and species that present a threat of incursion through imported fresh fruits and vegetables, which include many different species of Anastrepha from Mexico, Central America, Brid South America. Presented here is an overview of fruit ny research in the US, including the research areas of fruit ny biology, ecology, parasites, rearing, trapping for detection and monitoring, containment and eradication technologies, and the development of quarantine treatments to open new or maintain existing export markets. C1 ARS, USDA, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Armstrong, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN CENTRE INT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PI CANBERRA PA GPO BOX 1571, CANBERRA, 2601, AUSTRALIA BN 1-86320-200-5 J9 ACIAR PROC PY 1997 IS 76 BP 30 EP 42 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BK93B UT WOS:000073875400007 ER EF