FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Doudrick, RL Schmidtling, RC Nelson, CD AF Doudrick, RL Schmidtling, RC Nelson, CD TI Host relationships of fusiform rust disease .1. Infection and pycnial production on slash pine and nearby tropical relatives SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Pinus elliottii var elliottii; Pinus elliottii var densa; Pinus caribaea var caribaea; Pinus occidentalis; Australes; Cronartium quercuum f sp fusiforme ID CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION; F-SP FUSIFORME; SPECIFICITY; ELLIOTTII AB Seedlings from 8 sources of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and var. densa) and from 2 sources each of Caribbean pine (P. caribaea var. caribaea) and West Indian pine (P. occidentalis) were inoculated using inocula obtained from 2 sources of Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme, the causal agent of fusiform rust disease. The percentage of infection, evident primarily as galls and sporulation of pycnia of C. q. fusiforme, differed significantly within sources of slash pine and among species. The percentage of infection of all inoculated shoots was highest on slash pine (P. e. densa) seedlings from south Florida (92%) and lowest on P. occidentalis (30%). Among slash pine seedlings, the general trend was more pycnia sporulation on seedlings from sources nearest the origins of inocula, with the only exception being on those of P. e. densa from the most southern source, which showed abundant sporulation of pycnia similar to seedlings P. c. caribaea from a nearby source. No sporulation occurred on seedlings of P. occidentalis. Differences among families within sources of slash pine were significant for percentages of infection and sporulation of pycnia on all shoots inoculated using C. q. fusiforme. Because sporulation of pycnia is a prerequisite for fecundity in C. q. fusiforme, the results suggest strong selection on natural inoculum for infection and fertility among and within sources of slash pine. Breeding strategies currently recognize families of slash pine that minimize damage due to fusiform rust disease, but new strategies might consider limiting pathogen reproduction. RP Doudrick, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO INST FOREST GENET,23332 HWY 67,SAUCIER,MS 39574, USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1996 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 142 EP 149 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA VG840 UT WOS:A1996VG84000016 ER PT J AU Nelson, CD Schmidtling, RC Doudrick, RL AF Nelson, CD Schmidtling, RC Doudrick, RL TI Host relationships of fusiform rust disease .2. Genetic variation and heritability in typical and South Florida varieties of slash SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Pinus elliottii var elliottii; Pinus elliottii var densa; Cronartium quercuum f sp fusiforme ID F-SP FUSIFORME; RESISTANCE; PINE AB Seedlings of wind-pollinated families from 6 sources of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and var. densa) were tested for development of fusiform rust disease using 2 sources of Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme inocula. The seed source origins ranged from 24.5 degrees N latitude at the southern tip of Florida (P. e. densa), to 30.25 degrees N latitude, in north central Florida (P. e. elliottii). All seedlings received basidiospores of both inocula; inoculum of each source was applied to a single, separate shoot. Differences among varieties of slash pine were significant, with less pycnial sporulation present on seedlings from southern seed sources. Differences between inocula were significant within P. e. elliottii only, suggesting increased specificity for P. e. elliottii hosts and these inocula, although inocula x family-within-seed-source interactions were not significant. Heritability estimates for infection or sporulation on an individual seedling basis ranged from 0 to 0.45 within P. e. densa and from 0.20 to 0.59 within P. e. elliottii. On a family mean basis, heritability estimates were higher, ranging up to 0.58 within P. e. densa and 0.71 within P. e. elliottii. Diverse sources of reaction to C. q. fusiforme appear to be present in P. e. densa suggesting a backcross breeding approach in which genes for reaction are introgressed into fast-growing populations of P. e. elliottii. The relatively large individual tree-based heritability estimates in P. e. elliottii should help to expedite the introgression process. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO INST FOREST GENET,SAUCIER,MS 39574. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1996 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA VG840 UT WOS:A1996VG84000017 ER PT B AU Wagner, SW Lindstrom, MJ AF Wagner, SW Lindstrom, MJ BE Zazueta, FS MartinezAustria, P Xin, JN GarciaVillanueva, NH TI Portable virtual instrumentation for soil infiltration and roughness measurements SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY JUN, 1996 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP ASAE, Informat & Elect Technol Div, Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Mexico DE measuring system; infiltrometer; microreliefmeter; graphical user interfaces AB A laptop computer with data acquisition cards installed in a docking station provided a reliable means of acquiring soil infiltration and surface roughness data in the field. The critical system requirements included: 1) field-use-rugged; 2) portable; and 3) an intuitive user interface. National Instruments LabWindows software provided the development environment necessary for creating a man-machine interface (MMI) that was graphical and intuitive. Creating the instrument interface with the personal computer (PC) software allowed the developers to create a ''virtual'' instrument that could be easily modified during development and provided the users a common look and feel across applications. The laptop display gives the user immediate detection of potential problems with the measurement system. The infiltration measurement system used one digital input to detect tipping bucket pulses. The roughness measurement system checked the status of 40 digital inputs after every pulse from a pulser that output 256 pulses per shaft revolution. More than 150 successful infiltration and soil roughness measurements were made on several studies from 1993 to 1995. RP Wagner, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,803 IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-74-1 PY 1996 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BJ03C UT WOS:A1996BJ03C00030 ER PT B AU Thurman, JL Roberts, RT AF Thurman, JL Roberts, RT BE Zazueta, FS MartinezAustria, P Xin, JN GarciaVillanueva, NH TI Comparative study of distribution strategies for the ARS Water Database SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY JUN, 1996 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP ASAE, Informat & Elect Technol Div, Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Mexico DE water data; hydrology; CD-ROM; Internet; information delivery system AB The Water Data Center (WDC) is a group within the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture responsible for the storage, dissemination, and archival of water data collected by the agency. In an effort to make data readily available to the public in a timely and user-friendly environment, the WDC has developed several strategies to aid the end user in the retrieval of data from the ARS Water Database. These strategies include an on-line information management system known as REPHLEX II, a CD-ROM containing the ARS Water Database, various supporting files and a retrieval program which operates in a Windows environment, and access to the ARS Water Database through the Internet system by Anonymous File Transfer Protocol and through a World Wide Web Server. These various strategies will be described and compared to a direct interaction strategy that allows screening, dissemination of advice and customization of data transfers to potential users. The ARS Water Database consists primarily of rainfall and runoff data from experimental agricultural watersheds located in the United States. Data included in the base consist of variable time-series data from watersheds varying from .2 hectare (.5 acre) to over 12,400 square kilometers (4,800 square miles). Periods of record for some watershed stations extend to 50 years. Users of the database include hydrologists, modelers, engineers and students. As of December 1995 there were approximately 16,600 station years of rainfall and runoff available from the database. The WDC has found that the nature of the database greatly affects the functionality of the different distribution strategies resulting in a preference for Internet distribution although there remains a considerable demand for CD-ROMs. C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Roberts, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BARC W,RM 104,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-74-1 PY 1996 BP 762 EP 768 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BJ03C UT WOS:A1996BJ03C00104 ER PT B AU Harrison, RE AF Harrison, RE BE Zazueta, FS MartinezAustria, P Xin, JN GarciaVillanueva, NH TI Use of image analysis to grade cotton yarn SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY JUN, 1996 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP ASAE, Informat & Elect Technol Div, Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Mexico AB Currently, the grading of yarn in the textile industry is a subjective measurement. Cotton yarn is graded according to a standardized procedure outlined in ASTM Standard D2255-90 for textiles. Image Analysis could be the basis for worldwide standardization and automation of this process. Image Analysis would eliminate the subjective human eye comparison of photographs of yarn boards and substitute a yarn appearance standard that can be readily adapted to computer technology The experimental system reported here includes a video line camera, a lighting system and a yam transport system. The various yarn grades are assigned by counting the number and lengths of small sections of yarn which fall outside specified tolerance levels. Tolerance levels are developed through observation and affect on subsequent processing and fabric quality. RP Harrison, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-74-1 PY 1996 BP 795 EP 800 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BJ03C UT WOS:A1996BJ03C00108 ER PT J AU Wang, GA Anderson, DH Jakes, PJ AF Wang, GA Anderson, DH Jakes, PJ TI Legislating the past: Cultural resource management in the US Forest service SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 07-10, 1994 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE archeology; artifacts; cultural resource management; federal lands; preservation AB Cultural resource management, commonly called CRM,has emerged in recent years as a popular topic in federal land use programs. Fundamentally, CRM can be used as a paradigm to more effectively manage the diverse resources found on federal lands bt the United States. One obvious example of these resources is the physical, archeological artifact. This article addresses cultural resource management on federal lands, and presents the various laws that have been enacted to protect and preserve such resources of the human past. Second, with the U.S. Forest Service as an example, this article describes some of the deficiencies in the current methodology and recommends ways federal agencies can more effectively manage cultural resources. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1080/08941929609380948 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA TX139 UT WOS:A1996TX13900002 ER PT J AU Haverty, MI Forschler, BT Nelson, LJ AF Haverty, MI Forschler, BT Nelson, LJ TI An assessment of the taxonomy of Reticulitermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from the southeastern United States based on cuticular hydrocarbons SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North American Termite Biology and Control Conference CY JUN 03-06, 1996 CL NASSAU, BAHAMAS SP DowElanco Inc ID ZOOTERMOPSIS SPECIES ISOPTERA; CHEMOTAXONOMIC CHARACTERS; GENUS RETICULITERMES; COPTOTERMES ISOPTERA; DAMPWOOD TERMITES; FLAVIPES KOLLAR; TERMOPSIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; BIOCHEMISTRY; NASUTITERMES AB Collections of Reticulitermes samples from disparate locations in 4 soil provinces in Georgia are identified to species by morphological characters of soldiers and alates. These species determinations are correlated with cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes. The consensus of various students of the termites of North America is that there are 3 extant species In the southeastern United States: Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), R. virginicus Banks, and R. hageni Banks. We identified if distinct hydrocarbon phenotypes in Reticulitermes from Georgia. Termites that key to R. flavipes comprise 3 hydrocarbon phenotypes, R. virginicus is represented by only one hydrocarbon phenotype, and termites that we diagnose morphologically as R. hageni separate as one hydrocarbon phenotype. Specimens of unknown species of Reticulitermes comprise 6 separate hydrocarbon phenotypes. Two of these were identified as R. hageni based on the soldier key and as R. virginicus based on the alate key. The remaining 4 hydrocarbon phenotypes were interpreted as R. hageni because the soldier pronotum is less than 0.7mm in width. We have no alate specimens for these 4 hydrocarbon phenotypes. On the basis of cuticular hydrocarbons we suggest that there are 6 to 8 undescribed taxa of Reticulitermes in Georgia. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, COLL AGR, GEORGIA EXPT STN, DEPT ENTOMOL, GRIFFIN, GA 30223 USA. RP Haverty, MI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, USDA, POB 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA. NR 41 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1996 VL 28 IS 3 BP 287 EP 318 PG 32 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA VZ857 UT WOS:A1996VZ85700006 ER PT J AU Lewis, VR Haverty, MI Carver, DS Fouche, C AF Lewis, VR Haverty, MI Carver, DS Fouche, C TI Field comparison of sand or insecticide barriers for control of Reticulitermes spp (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) infestations in homes in northern California SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North American Termite Biology and Control Conference CY JUN 03-06, 1996 CL NASSAU, BAHAMAS SP DowElanco Inc ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; TERMITICIDES; TERRITORIES; POPULATIONS AB Eleven homes with active subterranean termite (Reticulitermes spp.) infestations had a sand barrier (51cm wide and 7.6cm deep; 1.6 to 2.5mm dia. particles) installed along the raised foundation inside the crawl space Eight homes were conventionally treated with a commercially available Liquid termiticide. All homes were monitored for 3 years. At 1 year after treatment, the number of barrier penetrations was similar: 3 for the sand treatment and 2 for the chemical treatment. Spot retreatments or corrections to the barrier were made for both sand and insecticide ''failures.'' At 2 and 3 years after treatment, 3 homes in the sand treated group still showed signs of barrier penetration while the chemically treated homes had none. Wood-soil contacts, cracks in the foundation, difficulties in treatment installation, and uneven foundation surface contributed to barrier penetrations for sand- and chemically treated homes. Periodic monitoring and improved Installation techniques could increase the long-term performance for either barrier treatment directed against Reticulitermes spp. infestations. C1 US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, USDA, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA. LIVE OAK STRUCT INC, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA. UNIV CALIF COOPERAT EXTENS SAN JOAQUIN CTY, STOCKTON, CA 95205 USA. RP Lewis, VR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DIV INSECT BIOL, DEPT ENVIROMN SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT, 201 WELLMAN HALL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1996 VL 28 IS 3 BP 327 EP 335 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA VZ857 UT WOS:A1996VZ85700008 ER PT J AU Nemec, S Lee, O AF Nemec, S Lee, O TI Management of citrus blight with soil amendments SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY SEP 20-22, 1995 CL DAYTONA BEACH, FL SP Soil & Crop Sci Soc Florida ID DEEP-TILLAGE; GROWTH AB Six amendments, two rates each, were applied, prior to planting, to the soil surface of a new citrus grove site and plowed 1.2 m deep and 1.6 m wide down the row in August 1984. Valencia orange on rough lemon rootstock was planted in the grove in February 1985. Blight began appearing in the grove in 1990 and data were taken on its occurrence between October 1990 and April 1994. Between October 1990 and April 1992 blight ratings were low. The low calcium humate (1120 kg ha(-1)), high peat (261 775 kg ha(-1)), and low peat (81 805 kg ha(-1)) treatments reduced blight development the most during the study, although low peat significantly suppressed it more consistently compared to the control. The growth used reset trees to replace those with moderate to severe blight symptoms but none was needed in the low and high peat treatments and the low calcium humate treatment. Treatment rows at this site alternated with non-tilled, nontreatment rows. Blight developed in both the non-tilled and deep-tilled confirms treatments at similar rates. The suppression of blight by peat confirms previous observations that blight is suppressed at flatwoods sites containing high levels of peat. Peat in this test may have suppressed blight by reducing water stress in the root zone, enhancing biological buffering, reducing root disease, and/or affording a better level of plant nutrition. RP USDA ARS, SUBTROP PLANT PATHOL RES UNIT, 2199 S ROCK RD, FT PIERCE, FL 34945 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE SOC FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O UNIV FLORIDA, PO BOX 110290, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611-0290 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1996 VL 55 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XG734 UT WOS:A1996XG73400004 ER PT J AU Gates, RN Hill, GM Johnson, JW Bruckner, PL AF Gates, RN Hill, GM Johnson, JW Bruckner, PL TI Grazing response to rye populations selected for improved yield SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY SEP 20-22, 1995 CL DAYTONA BEACH, FL SP Soil & Crop Sci Soc Florida ID PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; FORAGE AB Rye (Secale cereale L.) populations representing the fifth (C5) or seventh (C7) cycle of recurrent phenotypic selection for forage yield from a 'Wrens Abruzzi' (WA) base population were evaluated in two grazing trials. C5 and WA were each planted in two pastures (0.81 ha) during October 1991; four pastures of C7 and WA were planted during October 1994. N fertilization totalled 168 kg ha(-1). Grazing began in early December and ended in mid-March. Herbage mass, equalized with put-and-take stocking, was estimated visually in 1991-92 and using biweekly clipped samples in 1994-95. Heifers grazed for 106 d, gaining 0.82 kg d(-1), in 1991-92. Rye population did not influence animal production. Herbage mass declined from 1220 kg ha(-1) in January 1995 to 490 kg ha(-1) in March 1995. IVDMD of clipped C7 samples (751 g kg(-1)) was higher (P < 0.05) than for WA (738 g kg(-1)). However, daily gain (1.27 kg) and carrying capacity (439 d ha(-1)) of steers were not influenced by rye entry. High forage quality of the rye supported rapid animal growth. Apparently energy concentration of the forage was not limiting animal performance with either rye population. RP Gates, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL CROP SCI FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA IFAS UNIV FLORIDA 304 NEWELL HALL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1996 VL 55 BP 86 EP 88 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XG734 UT WOS:A1996XG73400019 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Muchow, RC Gallaher, RN Schreffler, AK AF Sinclair, TR Muchow, RC Gallaher, RN Schreffler, AK TI Delayed anthesis in sorghum under low nitrogen availability SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY SEP 20-22, 1995 CL DAYTONA BEACH, FL SP Soil & Crop Sci Soc Florida ID GRAIN-SORGHUM; GROWTH; PHOTOPERIOD; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; MAIZE AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a major crop in many regions of the world, especially where rainfall may limit the length of the growing season. Therefore, matching the length of plant development of sorghum with precipitation patterns is an important consideration. This study was undertaken to determine the extent to which soil N applications might influence sorghum development patterns, and particularly anthesis date. Three sets of field experiments were undertaken to examine changes in anthesis date in response to differing levels of N application under well-watered conditions. In most tests, treatments without the application of N had anthesis dates that were delayed up to 20 d relative to the well-fertilized treatments. In a study of vegetative development, it was found that a delay in leaf development and panicle exersion also occurred under low levels of N application. In a few cases, however, low levels of N applications resulted in delayed anthesis of only 2 to 4 d. In these latter cases, it was hypothesized that mean daily temperature was an over-riding factor that prevented an expression of the delay in anthesis as a result of low soil N availability. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL CROP SCI FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA IFAS UNIV FLORIDA 304 NEWELL HALL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1996 VL 55 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XG734 UT WOS:A1996XG73400024 ER PT J AU Spaans, EJA Baker, JM AF Spaans, EJA Baker, JM TI The soil freezing characteristic: Its measurement and similarity to the soil moisture characteristic SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; UNFROZEN WATER-CONTENT; SENSITIVITY AB A soil freezing characteristic (SFC) represents the relationship between the quantity and the energy status of liquid water in frozen soil, The SFC Is the analogue to the soil moisture characteristic (SMC) and is essential to modeling the transport of water, heat, and solutes in frozen soil. This paper presents a new, automated technique to measure an SFC in situ, for which there has previously been no method. Liquid water content in frozen soil was measured with time domain reflectometry. The corresponding energy status was inferred from accurate soil temperature measurements with a generalized form of the Clapeyron equation. Since both SFC and SMC describe water retention properties in soil, their similarity was investigated. The SMC and SFC agreed to within 1% moisture content across a wide range of matric potentials. Determination of the SMC is reliable at high matric potentials but becomes increasingly inaccurate and time consuming as soil dries. By contrast, the SFC determination becomes more accurate and rapid at lower matric potentials, We thus propose that water retention properties at high matric potentials are best obtained from draining and at low matric potentials from freezing. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Spaans, EJA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEP SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 31 TC 109 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400002 ER PT J AU Su, CM Harsh, JB AF Su, CM Harsh, JB TI Alteration of imogolite, allophane, and acidic soil clays by chemical extractants SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION; ADSORPTION; ALUMINUM; CITRATE; CHARGE; SODIUM AB Pretreatment of soils to enable physical separation and purification of minerals may alter their structural or chemical composition and preclude meaningful surface charge characterization. A natural imogolite and allophane, a synthetic imogolite (Al/Si = 2.01) and allophane (Al/Si = 1.64), and clays from the Bs and BC horizons of a Spodosol containing imogolite were subjected to standard H2O2 treatments before and after extraction with buffered dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) to determine if effects on their surface charge characteristics and bulk composition were reversible, The H2O2 Slightly Shifted the point of zero charge (PZC) determined by electrophoretic mobility (EM) of natural imogolite and allophane toward more positive values, probably by the partial oxidation of retained organics, whereas it had no effect on the PZC values of soil clays. Five DCB extractions removed the most Al and Si from the synthetic allophane and the least Al from the synthetic imogolite, More Si than Al was removed from the synthetic imogolite by five DCB extractions. Citrate retained on allophane and soil clays after DCB extraction was probably partially transformed to oxalate by subsequent H2O2 treatment. The EM in synthetic allophane could not be restored by oxidation of retained citrate following DCB treatment, Synthetic imogolite, after five DCB extractions, had only positive mobility up to pH 11.8. The DCB extraction, commonly used to remove Fe oxide from imogolite and allophane samples isolated from soils, irreversibly altered mineral surfaces and modified surface charge characteristics. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Su, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Harsh, James/C-7455-2014 OI Harsh, James/0000-0002-0177-3342 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400013 ER PT J AU Manning, BA Goldberg, S AF Manning, BA Goldberg, S TI Modeling competitive adsorption of arsenate with phosphate and molybdate on oxide minerals SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GOETHITE ALPHA-FEOOH; SOLUTION INTERFACE; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; SOILS; ANIONS; FERRIHYDRITE; KINETICS; SORPTION; GIBBSITE; EXCHANGE AB The mobility of As in soils depends on several factors including redox potential, soil mineralogy, pH, and the presence of other oxyanions that compete with As for soil retention sites. We investigated the effects of pH and competing anions on the adsorption of arsenate [As(V)] on alpha-FeOOH (goethite) and gamma-Al(OH)(3) (gibbsite). Batch equilibrium As(V) adsorption experiments were conducted with P and Mo as competing anions in order to produce single-anion [As(V), P, and Mo] and binary-anion [As(V)/P and As(V)/Mo] adsorption envelopes (adsorption vs. solution pH). Arsenate and P single-anion adsorption envelopes were similar with substantial adsorption occurring across a wide pH range, including pH values above the points of zero charge of the oxides. Maximum Mo adsorption occurred across a narrower pH range (pH 4-6). On both oxides, equimolar P concentrations decreased As(V) adsorption within the pH range 2 to 11, whereas Mo decreased As(V) adsorption only below pH 6. The constant capacitance model was used to predict competitive surface complexation behavior between As(V)/P and As(V)/Mo using intrinsic equilibrium constants [K-anion (int)] optimized from single-anion data. In addition, the model was applied using one-site (monodentate) and two-site (monodentate + bidentate) conceptualizations of the oxide surface. The two approaches gave comparable fits to experimental adsorption data and were consistent with competitive adsorption observed in binary adsorption envelopes. RP Manning, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, 450 W BIG SPRINGS RD, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. NR 47 TC 364 Z9 378 U1 9 U2 84 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400019 ER PT J AU Barriuso, E Koskinen, WC AF Barriuso, E Koskinen, WC TI Incorporating nonextractable atrazine residues into soil size fractions as a function of time SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNEXTRACTED BOUND RESIDUES; ORGANIC-MATTER; INCUBATION EXPERIMENTS; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; HUMIC-ACID; RELEASE; DESORPTION; PROMETRYN; COMPLEXES AB Soil organic matter is directly implicated in pesticide nonextractable (bound) residues formation, but the role of different soil organic constituents is unknown. Physical soil fractionation allows separation, with minimal chemical modification, of organic constituents whose nature and properties are dependent on particle size. Physical fractionation was used to determine the role of soil organic constituents in atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) bound residues formation. C-14-ring-labeled atrazine was applied to the top of soil lysimeters (0.3 by 1.2 m) in the field. The lysimeters were periodically removed during 16 mo, and the soil was physically fractionated into seven size fractions by sieving, sedimentation, and centrifugation: >200, 50 to 200, 20 to 50, 5 to 20, 2 to 5, 0.2 to 2, and <0.2 mu m. The largest proportion of total bound residues in the whole soil was in the clay size (0.2-2 mu m) fraction, which also contained 50% of the total soil organic C (OC). The ratio of bound residues to OC content decreased with the particle size, and it was highest in fractions >50 mu m, those rich in nonhumified organic matter. The low capacity of humified organic matter in the finest size fractions to form bound residues is presumably due to the chemical nature of the humified organic matter; however, accessibility of organic compounds stabilized on the fine mineral surfaces or included in aggregates structures is also a possibility, The most stable bound residues are associated with humified organic matter, especially in clay size fraction (0.2-2 mu m). Physical soil fractionation as a function of incubation time allows definition of the different capacity of soil organic constituents to form bound residues in relation to their localization in the size fractions. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Barriuso, E (reprint author), INRA,LAB SOLS,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. NR 37 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 150 EP 157 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400023 ER PT J AU Wilson, MA Burt, R Sobecki, TM Engel, RJ Hipple, K AF Wilson, MA Burt, R Sobecki, TM Engel, RJ Hipple, K TI Soil properties and genesis of pans in till-derived andisols, Olympic Peninsula, Washington SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ALLOPHANE; IMOGOLITE; HORIZONS; SILICA AB Subsoil pans regarded as cemented are present in certain Andisols of the Olympic Peninsula region of western Washington. Soils formed in basalt-derived alluvium or colluvium over Pleistocene-aged compact alpine till. Theories of pan formation include pedogenic cementation by silica, allophane, or humic-metal complexes; or geogenic till compaction with no subsequent cementation. We examined the properties of three pedons with compacted and cemented subsoil horizons to better understand the genesis of these soils and pan horizons. Pan horizons, designated as Cm, are very brittle, nearly impossible to dig with hand tools, and massive in structure. Soils are acidic, with pH(H2O) for all horizons ranging from 3.7 to 6.0. Crystalline phyllosilicates identified are gibbsite, kaolinite, chlorite, vermiculite, and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite. Allophane was detected in most mineral horizons, including Cm horizons, and allophane Al/Si molar ratios vary from 1.2 to 3.4. Low NaOH-extractable Si, low Si/Al molar ratios from NaOH extracts, high rainfall, and the presence of gibbsite decrease the likelihood of pedogenic opal as a cementing agent in pans. Limited organo-metallic deposition, low organic C, and low pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and Al in pan horizons suggest that podzolization processes related to ortstein formation are not responsible for Cm horizon cementation. Micromorphologic examination of Cm horizons detected a light brown to nearly colorless substance that appears to be allophane around mineral grains and in pore channels. Soil chemistry data support allophane as the primary cementing agent in these pan horizons, with kaolinite, gibbsite, and Fe oxides acting as possible accessory agents. Glacial compaction, parent material mineralogy, and cycles of wetting and drying are important factors affecting cementation of these pans. C1 USDA,NRCS,W NATL TECH CTR,SPOKANE,WA. RP Wilson, MA (reprint author), USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,NATL SOIL SURVEY CTR,FED BLDG,RM 152,MS 41,LINCOLN,NE 68508, USA. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 206 EP 218 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400032 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Sojka, RE Carter, DL AF Lentz, RD Sojka, RE Carter, DL TI Furrow irrigation water-quality effects on soil loss and infiltration SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM PERCENTAGE; RED-BROWN EARTHS; ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; CLAY DISPERSION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DEPOSITIONAL CRUST; ADSORPTION RATIO; EROSION; FLOCCULATION; STABILITY AB Irrigation-induced erosion Is a serious problem in the western USA where irrigation water quality can vary seasonally and geographically. We hypothesized that source-water electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR = Na/[(Ca + Mg)/2](0.5), where concentrations are in millimoles of charge per liter) affect infiltration and sediment losses from irrigated furrows, and warrant specific consideration in irrigation-induced erosion models. On a fallow Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid), tail-water sediment loss was measured from trafficked and nontrafficked furrows irrigated with waters of differing quality. Treatments were the four combinations of low or high EC (0.6 and 2 dS m(-1)) and low or high SAR (0.7 and 12 [mmol(c) L(-1)](0.5)). Slope is 1%. Twelve irrigations were monitored. Each furrow received two irrigations. Main effects for water quality, traffic, and first vs. second irrigations were significant for total soil loss, mean sediment concentration, total outflow, net infiltration, and advance time. Average tail-water soil losses were 2.5 Mg ha(-1) from low EC/low SAR furrows, 4.5 Mg ha(-1) from low EC/high SAR furrows, 3.0 Mg ha(-1) from high EC/high SAR furrows; and 1.8 Mg ha(-1) from high EC/low SAR furrows. Elevating water EC decreased sediment concentration from 6.2 to 4.6 g L(-1), but increasing SAR increased sediment concentration from 6.2 to 8.7 g L(-1). Net infiltration decreased 14% in high SAR compared with low SAR treatments. Soil loss increased 68% for second irrigations, and net infiltration fell 23% in trafficked furrows, but water-quality effects were the same. Water quality significantly influenced infiltration and erosion processes in irrigated furrows on Portneuf soils. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 238 EP 245 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400035 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS AF Sharratt, BS TI Soil temperature, water content, and barley development of level vs ridged subarctic seedbeds SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SHAPE; CORN BELT; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB Ridge tillage may promote early-season warming of soils in subarctic regions and thereby optimize the plant growing environment. This study was conducted to assess soil temperature and water content, along with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) development, on a level vs. ridged Pergelic Cryaquept at Fairbanks, AK. Ridges were oriented north-south, east-west, northeast-southwest, and northwest-southeast. Seed zone soil temperature and water content were measured, the former by thermocouples, at the ridge peak and furrow as well as on ridge slopes where barley was grown during the 1989 through 1991 growing seasons. Barley grown on the level surface and on southerly ridge aspects produced at least 25 g m(-1) more grain and 20 g m(-1) more straw than barley grown on northerly aspects. The vegetative developmental rate was 0.03 leaves d(-1) faster on southern ridge aspects or the level surface than on northern aspects, owing to 2 degrees C higher temperatures of soil with a southerly or level exposure. Soil water content on northern ridge aspects was occasionally 0.05 m(3) m(-3) higher than on southern aspects in the early growing season (<60 d after planting), but 0.04 m(3) m(-3) lower than on the level soil surface in the late growing season (>60 d after planting). In the subarctic, the plant growing environment is as favorable on a level soil surface as on a south-facing ridge aspect, owing to nearly equal early-season soil temperatures and higher soil water content in the late season. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 258 EP 263 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400038 ER PT J AU DeFreitas, PL Zobel, RW Snyder, VA AF DeFreitas, PL Zobel, RW Snyder, VA TI A method for studying the effects of soil aggregate size and density SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Soil macroproperties, such as bulk density, porosity, water conductivity, and aeration, have been utilized in order to evaluate soil structure effects on crop yields. It has been suggested that many of the limitations to crop growth can be explained by the physical properties of the aggregates. To explore some aspects of this, a method to simulate soil aggregates of different sizes and densities was developed and tested. A Collamer silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Glossoboric Hapludalf) was dried, crushed, sieved, and compressed to different densities (1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 Mg m(-3)). The resulting 25- and 50-mm-thick cylindrical soil slices were cut to two different cubical sizes (25- and 50-mm sides). Cylinders with continuous horizontal and vertical macropores were assembled from these artificial aggregates to make six different treatment combinations of aggregate size and density. Corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings were transplanted into the cylinders and grown in a growth chamber for 27 d. Results show that high aggregate density limits crop growth and that, at intermediate densities, aggregate size assumes more significance as a limiting factor. C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,RHIZOBOT PROJECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. EMBRAPA,CNPS,BR-2246000 RIO JANEIRO,RJ,BRAZIL. UNIV PUERTO RICO,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00708. RI DE FREITAS, PEDRO LUIZ/F-7052-2012 OI DE FREITAS, PEDRO LUIZ/0000-0001-5592-644X NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 288 EP 290 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400043 ER PT J AU Dulohery, CJ Morris, LA Lowrance, R AF Dulohery, CJ Morris, LA Lowrance, R TI Assessing forest soil disturbance through biogenic gas fluxes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SLASH PINE PLANTATIONS; CO2 EVOLUTION; COMPACTION; DENITRIFICATION; FERTILIZATION; RESPIRATION AB Soil damage from wet-weather timber harvests may persist after some physical and chemical properties have been restored through tillage and fertilization. This study's objective was to determine if the gaseous products of aerobic and anaerobic soil biological activity could reveal harvest-damage effects, even after applying costly mitigation treatments. Fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O across the soil surface were measured in Ultisols of a Coastal Plain pine hat damaged during timber harvest, then mitigated by bedding and fertilization (100 kg ha(-1) N, P, and K). Gas fluxes were measured with large static chambers (0.5 by 1.0 m sampling area) to compensate for high microsite variability and the presence of coarse debris on the forest floor. Carbon dioxide evolution was a robust and consistent indicator of residual damage, declining an average of 34% in planting beds on damaged vs. undamaged soils. For example, in a late summer reading, efflux of CO2-C from beds installed over former skid trails was 143 mg m(-2)h(-1) vs. 258 mg m(-2)h(-1) from undamaged beds and 231 mg m(-2) h(-1) from undisturbed forest door. Methane and N2O fluxes were ephemeral and, thus, generally unreliable as indicators of harvest damage - though bedding produced scattered high peaks in both. Carbon dioxide was also the only gas Bur that responded significantly to fertilization, with an average 26% increase up to 4 mo after fertilization. These results suggest that suppression of gross soil biological activity by harvest damage was not restored by intensive mitigation in the next rotation's establishment phase. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DB WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE WATERSHED RES LAB, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. RP Dulohery, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, 2730 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY, CHARLESTON, SC 29414 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 291 EP 298 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400044 ER PT J AU Ulery, AL Graham, RC Bowen, LH AF Ulery, AL Graham, RC Bowen, LH TI Forest fire effects on soil phyllosilicates in California SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOSSBAUER; CLAY AB Thousands of hectares of forests are burned annually in wildfires and prescribed burns nationwide. Our objective was to determine the effects of such fires on soil phyllosilicates. At five sites throughout California representing Inceptisols, Andisols, and Mollisols, surface soil samples from similar depths were collected in burned and nearby unburned areas. Fires produced no visible soil alterations except in 1 to 2% of the land area where concentrated fuel such as logs or stumps burned slowly and at higher temperatures, effectively baking the underlying soil. Within the upper 1 to 8 cm at these severely burned areas, kaolin was completely destroyed or substantially depleted and d(001) spacings of clay-sized vermiculite, chlorite, chlorite-vermiculite, and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite collapsed toward 1.0 nm or were decomposed as shown by x-ray diffraction. Dehydroxylation of severely burned Fe-bearing phyllosilicates was indicated by Mossbauer spectroscopy. The decomposition of virtually all phyllosilicates in the upper 2 cm of the soil was observed at one site after burning. The effects of severe burning on the soil phyllosilicates remained clearly expressed at least 3 yr after a fire. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Ulery, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 309 EP 315 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TR434 UT WOS:A1996TR43400046 ER PT B AU Kinlaw, CS Ho, T Gerttula, SM Gladstone, E Harry, DE Quintana, L Baysdorfer, C AF Kinlaw, CS Ho, T Gerttula, SM Gladstone, E Harry, DE Quintana, L Baysdorfer, C BE Ahuja, MR Boerjan, W Neale, DB TI Gene discovery in loblolly pine through cDNA sequencing SO SOMATIC CELL GENETICS AND MOLECULAR GENETICS OF TREES SE FORESTRY SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of IUFRO Working-Party-on-Somatic-Cell-Genetics / IUFRO Working-Party-on-Molecular-Genetics on Somatic Cell Genetics and Molecular Genetics of Trees CY SEP 26-30, 1995 CL GHENT, BELGIUM SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Somat Cell Genet, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Working Party Molec Genet AB We have initiated efforts to identify functions of loblolly pine genes based upon partial sequences of random copy DNAs. These efforts are coordinated with the construction of genetic maps (Devey et al., 1991; Neale and co-workers, unpublished data). In addition to providing possible biochemical functions encoded by individual random cDNAs, out work has allowed for the identification of classes of genes actively transcribed in tissues from actively growing seedlings or developing phloem and cambium. Also, we have gained insight into the nature of complex gene families within pine genomes. RP Kinlaw, CS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PSW STN,INST FOREST GENET,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4179-1 J9 FOR SCI PY 1996 VL 49 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA BH02U UT WOS:A1996BH02U00024 ER PT J AU Prendusi, T Atwood, D Palmer, B Rodriguez, R AF Prendusi, T Atwood, D Palmer, B Rodriguez, R BE Maschinski, J Hammond, HD Holter, L TI Interagency conservation biology program for Arizona willow (Salix arizonica Dorn) SO SOUTHWEST RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND CONFERENCE SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Southwestern Rare and Endangered Plants CY SEP 11-14, 1995 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Forest & Range Exptl Stn AB Arizona willow (Salix arizonica Dorn) was proposed for Listing as an endangered species with critical habitat by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in November of 1992. At that time, it was known only from the vicinity of Mount Baldy in east-central Arizona; no one was aware that the species occurred in Utah. Subsequent to the proposed rule, a 1913 collection from what was then named Sevier National Forest in Utah was located at the Forest Service National Collection housed at the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, Laramie, Wyoming. The final determination for listing the species was placed on hold pending the results of field work in Utah during the 1994 field season. Survey work initiated by the U.S. Forest Service in Tune of 1994 resulted in re-location of Arizona willow in southern Utah on the Dixie and Fishlake National Forests. Newly discovered populations in Utah far exceeded the number of total plants from Arizona, and significantly expanded the known range of Arizona willow. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Forest Service agreed to work on the development of a conservation plan for the species that would provide for implementation of short- and long-term protective measures to reduce threats to the species and its habitat. The resultant Arizona Willow Conservation Agreement and Strategy identified specific conservation measures for the species and formed the basis for withdrawal of the Listing proposal in April 1995. It also functions as a collaboratively developed and supported recovery plan for Arizona willow. RP Prendusi, T (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,517 GOLD SW,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 283 BP 224 EP 230 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH04D UT WOS:A1996BH04D00028 ER PT S AU Striegel, AM Timpa, JD AF Striegel, AM Timpa, JD BE Potschka, M Dubin, PL TI Size exclusion chromatography of polysaccharides in dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride SO STRATEGIES IN SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Strategies in Size Exclusion Chromatography, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-06, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Anal Chem ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Size exclusion chromatography has long been the method of choice for characterization of polymers and polysaccharides. A chief impediment to this process has been the lack of suitable solvents for the polysaccharides with more intricate secondary valence bond networks, such as cellulose, chitin, and starch. To this effect the solvent N,N-dimethyl acetamide with lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) has been utilized. With it we can accomplish dissolution of a wide variety of polysaccharides without the need for prior derivatization or extraction. The homogenization of solvent and chromatographic mobile phase greatly simplifies experimental conditions and variables. Here we address the choice of this solvent system and present results of universal calibration and light scattering studies of cellulose and pullulans dissolved in DMAc/LiCl. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148, USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3414-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 635 BP 366 EP 378 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BF80N UT WOS:A1996BF80N00020 ER PT B AU Comstock, JC AF Comstock, JC BE Croft, BJ Piggin, CM Wallis, ES Hogarth, DM TI Major diseases affecting sugarcane production in the United States SO SUGARCANE GERMPLASM CONSERVATION AND EXCHANGE SE ACIAR PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Sugarcane Germplasm Conservation and Exchange CY JUN 28-30, 1995 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Austr Ctr Int Agr Res AB The major diseases affecting sugarcane production in the United States are ratoon stunt, rust, leaf scald, mosaics, smut and yellow leaf syndrome. Scientists are developing techniques for detecting pathogens of the major diseases, which should ensure safer quarantines and more effective control practices. RP Comstock, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,STAR ROUTRE BOX 8,CANAL POINT,FL 33438, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN CENTRE INT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PI CANBERRA PA GPO BOX 1571, CANBERRA 2601, AUSTRALIA BN 1-86320-177-7 J9 ACIAR PROC PY 1996 IS 67 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BH88F UT WOS:A1996BH88F00008 ER PT B AU Hurtt, SS AF Hurtt, SS BE Croft, BJ Piggin, CM Wallis, ES Hogarth, DM TI Acquisition and quarantine of Saccharum spp. germplasm and related genera in the United States SO SUGARCANE GERMPLASM CONSERVATION AND EXCHANGE SE ACIAR PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Sugarcane Germplasm Conservation and Exchange CY JUN 28-30, 1995 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Austr Ctr Int Agr Res AB In the United States the quarantine and indexing of sugarcane germplasm is entrusted to the quarantine unit of the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Imported germplasm is held in quarantine for 18-24 months. During this time, clones are subjected to a short and a long hot water treatment to eliminate pest and pathogens potentially present in the plants or plant pans. The propagants are observed for disease symptoms during each of the two growth cycles following the hot water treatments. Diagnostic tools applied for pathogen detection include tissue imprinting and immunoassays for leaf scald and ratoon stunt causing bacteria, culture on semi-selective medium for leaf scald bacterium, and bioassays and leaf dip electron microscopy for virus detection. In the past five years, about 455 acquisitions have entered the quarantine from 14 different geographic areas. Less than 5% were retained due to the presence of pathogens. Mosaics and ratoon stunt are the most frequently encountered diseases. RP Hurtt, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,QUARANTINE UNIT,BLDG 580,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AUSTRALIAN CENTRE INT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PI CANBERRA PA GPO BOX 1571, CANBERRA 2601, AUSTRALIA BN 1-86320-177-7 J9 ACIAR PROC PY 1996 IS 67 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BH88F UT WOS:A1996BH88F00009 ER PT B AU Hurtt, SS Waterworth, HE AF Hurtt, SS Waterworth, HE BE Croft, BJ Piggin, CM Wallis, ES Hogarth, DM TI Indexing and establishing disease-free germplasm of pome and stone fruit crops SO SUGARCANE GERMPLASM CONSERVATION AND EXCHANGE SE ACIAR PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Sugarcane Germplasm Conservation and Exchange CY JUN 28-30, 1995 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Austr Ctr Int Agr Res AB Quarantines for pome and stone fruit germplasm are long, costly and complex. The indexing of germplasm of both fruit groups relies primarily on graft transmission tests to woody indicator hosts. These tests are performed in greenhouses and in orchards, the latter requiring 3-5 years to complete Both fruit groups have numerous diseases for which the causal agent is unknown. However; the two fruit groups are different in several ways that affect the quarantine process. Several of the submicroscopic pathogens that infect Prunus spp. have natural mechanisms of field spread, such as aphid transmission and by pollen; only phytoplasmas in pome fruits are spread by mechanisms other than graft transmission. The incidence of virus-like diseases has been less than 10% in Prunus spp., but more than 60% in Malus and Pyrus spp. This creates the need for a thermotherapy program for imported pome fruit germplasm. The treatment and reindexing can add 1-3 years to the quarantine period while increasing the maintenance and indexing workloads. The molecular techniques under investigation to expedite indexing are digoxigenin-labelled cRNA probes and nested polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification for viroid and phytoplasma detection, respectively. RP Hurtt, SS (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,QUARANTINE UNIT,BLDG 580,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN CENTRE INT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PI CANBERRA PA GPO BOX 1571, CANBERRA 2601, AUSTRALIA BN 1-86320-177-7 J9 ACIAR PROC PY 1996 IS 67 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BH88F UT WOS:A1996BH88F00026 ER PT B AU Lingle, SE AF Lingle, SE BE Wilson, JR Hogarth, DM Campbell, JA Garside, AL TI Rates of sugar accumulation in sugarcane in relation to sucrose synthase activity SO SUGARCANE: RESEARCH TOWARDS EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sugar 2000 CY AUG 19-23, 1996 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA RP Lingle, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-05941-5 PY 1996 BP 95 EP 97 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BG37N UT WOS:A1996BG37N00034 ER PT B AU Albert, H Zhu, YJ Carr, J Moore, PH AF Albert, H Zhu, YJ Carr, J Moore, PH BE Wilson, JR Hogarth, DM Campbell, JA Garside, AL TI Structure and expression of soluble acid invertase genes in the stem of high- and low-sucrose accumulating Saccharum species and hybrids SO SUGARCANE: RESEARCH TOWARDS EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sugar 2000 CY AUG 19-23, 1996 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA RP Albert, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,PACIFIC AREA,99-193 AIEA HTS DR,AIEA,HI 96701, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-05941-5 PY 1996 BP 102 EP 104 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BG37N UT WOS:A1996BG37N00036 ER PT S AU Herrmann, DF AF Herrmann, DF BE Pereira, LS Feddes, RA Gilley, JR Lesaffre, B TI Irrigation scheduling SO SUSTAINABILITY OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sustainability of Irrigated Agriculture CY MAR 21-26, 1994 CL VIMEIRO, PORTUGAL SP NATO, European Commiss, Cent Int Hautes Etudes Agron Mediterraneennes, CTA, CEMAGREF, JNICT, Univ Tecnica Lisboa, Inst Super Agron, Dept Engn Rural C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,AERC,USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-3936-3 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 312 BP 233 EP 249 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BF13Q UT WOS:A1996BF13Q00013 ER PT J AU AbdAlla, MH Harper, JE AF AbdAlla, MH Harper, JE TI Reciprocal grafting and bacterial strain effects on nodulation of soybean genotypes SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE Bradyrhizobium; grafts; soybean; nodulation restriction; hypernodulation ID MAX L MERR; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; GLYCINE-MAX; NITRATE INHIBITION; NODULE DEVELOPMENT; WILD-TYPE; ROOT; MUTANTS; RESTRICTION; INOCULATION AB It is known that the soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) genotype PI 417566 has restricted nodule development when inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 and grown at low temperature. The current experiments were conducted to determine if the restricted nodulation of PI 417566 roots could be overcome by grafting them to a hypernodulated shoot, since it is known that grafted shoots of hypernodulated mutants induce hypernodulation on roots of normally nodulated soybean. Reciprocally- and self-grafted NOD1-3 (a hypernodulation mutant) and PI 417566 (a plant restricted nodulation genotype) plants were evaluated for nodulation in a growth chamber at constant 20 degrees C. Seedling roots of self-grafted PI 417566 were normally nodulated when inoculated with USDA 123, while USDA 110 resulted in restricted nodulation. Grafting of NOD1-3 shoots to PI 417566 roots did not enhance nodulation when inoculated with USDA 110, but did enhance nodulation when inoculated with USDA 123. It appears that the shoot of NOD1-3 has the ability to alter autoregulatory control of nodulation of the PI 417566 genotype only when challenged with a compatible rhizobial strain. The shoot of PI 417566 significantly inhibited nodule formation on NOD1-3 roots when inoculated with either USDA 110 or 123. The restriction of nodulation on the PI 417566 roots inoculated with USDA 110 appears to be primarily controlled by root factors. It was concluded that restricted nodulation and autoregulatory control of nodulation appear to be separate phenomena. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,EDWARD R MADIGAN LAB 331,URBANA,IL 61801. ASSIUT UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT BOT,ASSIUT 71516,EGYPT. RI Abd-Alla, Mohamed Hemida/E-8178-2011 OI Abd-Alla, Mohamed Hemida/0000-0003-0415-9409 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 165 EP 173 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VW364 UT WOS:A1996VW36400005 ER PT J AU Lee, CJ DeMilo, AB Waters, RM AF Lee, CJ DeMilo, AB Waters, RM TI A facile and stereospecific synthesis of (E)-8-acetoxy-6-methyl-6-octen-2-one: A key intermediate for lactone-derived sex pheromones of the Mexican and Caribbean fruit fly SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FLIES; EPIANASTREPHIN; ANASTREPHIN; COMPONENTS AB (E)-8-Acetoxy-6-methyl-6-octen-2-one, a key intermediate for the male-produced sex pheromones of the Mexican and Caribbean fruit fly, was synthesized stereospecifically in five steps with an overall yield of 50%. C1 ARS,USDA,PSI,ICEL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ARS,USDA,NRI,ECL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1080/00397919608003875 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA TT913 UT WOS:A1996TT91300020 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ Bowe, HJ AF Petroski, RJ Bowe, HJ TI New glassware for small-scale distillation SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Distillation of less than a mi of sample can be accomplished with a jacketed Hickman still. The jacket allows positioning of a coolant such as dry ice/acetone at the site of desired condensation. A jacketed distillation head will accommodate samples up to a volume of 3 mi. Distillate is easily removed with a Pasteur pipette. Details of the glassware design are given. C1 ACE GLASS INC MANUFACTURERS,VINELAND,NJ 08360. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT AGENTS RES GRP,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 1996 VL 26 IS 18 BP 3421 EP 3424 DI 10.1080/00397919608003746 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA VD825 UT WOS:A1996VD82500010 ER PT J AU Khrimian, AP Oliver, JE Waters, RM Panicker, S Nicholson, JM Klun, JA AF Khrimian, AP Oliver, JE Waters, RM Panicker, S Nicholson, JM Klun, JA TI Enantioselective synthesis of 2-fluoro carboxylic acids from trichloromethyl carbinols: An efficient approach to chiral fluorine introduction into insect sex pheromones SO TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AMINO AB Chiral syntheses of 2-fluoro carboxylic acids were achieved (ee greater than or equal to 92 %, yield 50-60 %) by stereoselective conversion (with inversion of configuration) of optically active trichloromethyl carbinols to fluoroacids with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. Fluorinated pheromone analogs of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, were synthesized. C1 HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-4166 J9 TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETR JI Tetrahedron: Asymmetry PD JAN PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0957-4166(95)00415-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA TT063 UT WOS:A1996TT06300010 ER PT J AU Steiner, JL Schomberg, HH AF Steiner, JL Schomberg, HH TI Impacts of crop residue at the earth-atmosphere interface: Introduction SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL SURFACE; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; CARBON; MULCH AB Crop residues have been an under-valued resource in many agricultural systems. This collection of papers presents a sampling of new research and applications of new knowledge to improve our understanding of crop residue properties and impacts. Development and implementation of improved crop residue management offers opportunities to manipulate hydrologic, radiative, and energy balance processes. I hope the readers of Theoretical and Applied Climatology will be stimulated with new ideas. Collectively our new ideas can advance understanding of crop residue management and help us achieve sustainability in agricultural systems. C1 ARS,USDA,BUSHLAND,TX. RP Steiner, JL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,1420 EXPT STALIAN RD,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/BF00863553 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UY038 UT WOS:A1996UY03800001 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Steiner, JL Evett, SR Moulin, AP AF Schomberg, HH Steiner, JL Evett, SR Moulin, AP TI Climatic influence on residue decomposition prediction in the wind erosion prediction system SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; WHEAT; SOIL; NITROGEN; STRAW; MICROARTHROPODS; SIMULATION; PLACEMENT; DYNAMICS; FIELDS AB The effectiveness of crop residues to protect the soil surface and reduce soil erosion decreases as residues decompose. The rate of residue decomposition is directly related to the temperature and moisture regimes of the residues. Predicting changes in residue mass, orientation, and soil cover requires the use of functions that relate changes in decomposition rates to changes in the temperature and water regimes. Temperature and water functions used in the residue decomposition submodel of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) were evaluated for their effects on predictions of residue decomposition. A precipitation function (PC) was found to produce relatively more accurate estimates of decomposition than a near surface soil water content function (SWC) for describing water regime effects. The estimated accuracies of the two functions were similar when bias in the estimation was considered. Predictions made with PC had estimated accuracies of +/-11.4, 14.5, 13.5% for alfalfa, sorghum and wheat, respectively, while those made with SWC had estimated accuracies of +/-13.8, 16.2, and 16.9%, respectively. Three temperature functions were compared for use in predicting residue decomposition over a range of locations and crops. There was little difference between the temperature functions over all the locations but, for several locations, one function overpredicted decomposition more often than the other two functions. Accuracies ranged from +/-4 to +/-51% of the observed values. The highest values were obtained at one location, and all three temperature functions produced similar high values. Over most of the data, estimated accuracies were generally between +/-15 and +/-25%. The prediction intervals were similar to those observed for decomposition of surface-placed residues. This evaluation indicates that the temperature and water functions used in the WEPS decomposition submodel will give seasonable estimates of mass loss from surface residues using easy-to-obtain weather data. C1 ARS,USDA,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,MELFORT,SK,CANADA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), ARS,USDA,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1007/BF00863554 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UY038 UT WOS:A1996UY03800002 ER PT J AU Daughtry, CST McMurtrey, JE Chappelle, EW Hunter, WJ Steiner, JL AF Daughtry, CST McMurtrey, JE Chappelle, EW Hunter, WJ Steiner, JL TI Measuring crop residue cover using remote sensing techniques SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE LIF; REFLECTANCE; SOILS; DECOMPOSITION; RATES AB Crop residues are managed under conservation tillage programs to leave as much as possible on the surface for minimization soil erosion and for improving water quality. Because current methods for measuring crop residue cover are tediuous and somewhat subjective, there is a need for new methods to measure residue cover that are rapid, accurate, and objective. We discuss the potential for discriminating crop residues from soils using reflectance and fluorescence techniques and examine experimentally the changes in wheat residue fluorescence during weathering. The fluorescence of crop residue was a board band phenomenon with emissions extending from 420 to 600 nm for excitation of 350-420 nm. Soils had low intensity broad band emissions over the 400-690 nm region for excitations of 300-600 nm. We found that the fluorescence intensities for the crop residues were much greater than the fluorescence of the soils, but as the crop residues decompose, their blue-green fluorescence intensities approach the fluorescence of the soils. We conclude that fluorescence techniques are less ambiguous and better suited for discriminating crop residues from soils than the reflectance methods. However, the potential problems, that must be addressed to implement the fluorescence technique, are (i) adequate excitation energy must be supplied to induce fluorescence and (ii) the fluorescence signal is small relative to normal, ambient sunlight. Nevertheless, if properly implemented, we believe that the fluorescence techniques can be used to quantify crop residue cover in field. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. ARS,USDA,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. ARS,USDA,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP Daughtry, CST (reprint author), ARS,USDA,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BLDG 7 BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1007/BF00863555 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UY038 UT WOS:A1996UY03800003 ER PT J AU Horton, R Bristow, KL Kluitenberg, GJ Sauer, TJ AF Horton, R Bristow, KL Kluitenberg, GJ Sauer, TJ TI Crop residue effects on surface radiation and energy balance - Review SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHOPPED CORN RESIDUE; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; STRIP TILLAGE; WINTER-WHEAT; WATER-FLOW; HEAT; MULCH; SIMULATION; BARE; BOUNDARY AB Crop residues alter the surface properties of soils. Both shortwave albedo and longwave emissivity are affected. These are linked to an effect of residue on surface evaporation and water content. Water content influences soil physical properties and surface energy partitioning. In summary, crop residue acts to soil as clothing acts to skin. Compared to bare soil, crop residues can reduce extremes of heat and mass fluxes at the soil surface. Managing crop residues can result in more favorable agronomic soil conditions. This paper reviews research results of the quantity, quality, architecture, and surface distribution of crop residues on soil surface radiation and energy balances, soil water content, and soil temperature. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. ARS,USDA,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. CSIRO,DIV SOILS,TOWNSVILLE,QLD 4818,AUSTRALIA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Bristow, Keith/F-2821-2011 NR 55 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1007/BF00863556 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UY038 UT WOS:A1996UY03800004 ER PT J AU Hagen, LJ AF Hagen, LJ TI Crop residue effects on aerodynamic processes and wind erosion SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT CANOPY; SOIL COVER; PREDICTION; ROUGHNESS; SURFACES AB This study focuses on both the mechanisms and degree of wind erosion control that various residue levels provide. First, scale parameters of Weibull wind-speed distributions at meteorological stations were modified to predict friction velocity distributions at eroding held sites. Simplified erosion prediction equations then were used to evaluate wind erosion on highly erodible, loose, sandy soils. Parameters for the erosion prediction equations were developed from wind tunnel data on soil loss and threshold friction velocities at various residue levels. Erosion-control mechanisms of flat residue include restricting soil emission from the surface and increasing threshold wind speeds. A minimum of 30 to 60 percent flat cover is needed to provide adequate control on highly erodible sands. The control level by hat residue can be increased by using short gelds. Erosion-control mechanisms of standing residue include reducing the soil-surface friction velocity and intercepting saltating soil. Standing residue is more effective than flat residue, and 5 percent vertical silhouette area of standing residue per unit horizontal area provides adequate erosion-control in low and moderate wind regimes. RP Hagen, LJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WIND EROS RES UNIT,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1007/BF00863557 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UY038 UT WOS:A1996UY03800005 ER PT J AU Hatfield, KL Prueger, JH AF Hatfield, KL Prueger, JH TI Microclimate effects of crop residues on biological processes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; WINTER-WHEAT; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; TILLAGE PRACTICES; SURFACE RESIDUES; ENERGY-BALANCE; WATER; EVAPORATION AB Residues from crops left on the soil surface have an impact on the microclimate, primarily temperature, within the soil and the atmosphere; but, the impact on the biological system is largely unknown. Residue is assumed to have a positive impact on the biological system in the soil and a negative impact on crop growth. This report investigates the effect of standing residue on the microclimate surrounding a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop in a semi-arid environment and the effect of flat residue on the seasonal soil temperature and soil water regimes in a humid climate with a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production system. A study was conducted during 1987 and 1988 in a semi-arid climate at Lubbock, Texas using standing wheat stubble to shelter cotton from wind. In this study soil water, microclimatic variables, and plant growth were measured within standing stubble and bare soil during the early vegetative growth period. Air temperatures were warmer at night within the standing residue and the air more humid throughout the day. This led to a reduction in the soil water evaporation rate and an increase in the water use efficiency of the cotton plant within the stubble. Studies on corn residue with continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations with no-till, chisel-plow, and moldboard plow tillage practices in central Iowa showed that the average soil temperatures in the upper soil profile were not affected by the presence of flat residue after tillage. Diurnal temperature ranges were most affected by the residue throughout the year. The largest effect of the residue on soil temperature was in the fall after harvest when no-till fields cooled more slowly than tilled fields. In the spring, surface residue decreased the soil water evaporation rate and increased the soil water storage within the soil profile covered with residue. In years with below normal rainfall, the additional stored soil water due to the surface residue was used by the plant to maintain transpiration rates at optimal levels during the early vegetative growth period. The biological implications of crop residue on the soil surface can be more positive than negative and increasing our understanding of the physical environment and biological system interactions will lead to improved resource management. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 59 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UY038 UT WOS:A1996UY03800006 ER PT J AU Martin, SKS Lewers, KS Palmer, RG Hedges, BR AF Martin, SKS Lewers, KS Palmer, RG Hedges, BR TI A testcross procedure for selecting exotic strains to improve pure-line cultivars in predominantly self-fertilizing species SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE exotic germplasm; selection of parents; testcross ID ELITE SINGLE CROSSES; IDENTIFYING POPULATIONS; FAVORABLE ALLELES; MAIZE HYBRIDS; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; SOYBEAN GERMPLASM; PEANUT CULTIVARS; PARENTS; HETEROSIS AB Methods for identifying germplasm carrying alleles with the potential to improve a particular singlecross hybrid have been proposed and discussed in recent years. There is a need for similar methods to be used in breeding crops for which pure-line cultivars, rather than hybrids, are the goal, The objective of this research was to develop a method to identify germplasm lines with the potential to contribute favorable alleles not present in a specified pure line or set of pure lines. Given a set of adapted pure lines (A(1), A(2),..., A(m)) to be improved and a set of germplasm lines (P-1, P-2,..., P-f), the procedure consists of producing all f x m possible hybrids and evaluating them along with the parents. The testcross statistic T-ij is defined by T-ij = gamma(F-ij-A(j))+(1-gamma) (F-ij-P-i), where A(j), P-i, and F-ij represent the performance of the j(th) adapted line, the i(th) germplasm line, and their hybrid, respectively. The statistic T-i= (1/M)Sigma(T-ij) is the mean value of T-ij over all adapted parents A(j). If gamma = (1/2)(1+d'), where d' = the mean degree of dominance, then T-ij measures the potential for alleles from P-i to improve A(j), and (T-i) over bar measures the potential for alleles from P-i to improve the set A(1),A(2),..., A(m). Use of data on soybean and peanut hybrids published by other researchers suggests that the value assumed for d' has little effect on the P-i chosen. The ability of the T-ij and (T-i) over bar statistics to identify germplasm strains carrying rare favorable alleles should be assessed in empirical studies. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,HARROW RES STN,HARROW,ON N0R 1G0,CANADA. RP Martin, SKS (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT HORT & CROP SCI,2021 COFFEY RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 92 IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1007/BF00222954 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA TV935 UT WOS:A1996TV93500011 PM 24166119 ER PT B AU Anderson, RA Bryden, NA Polansky, MM AF Anderson, RA Bryden, NA Polansky, MM BE Neve, J Chappuis, P Lamand, M TI Type II diabetes and chromium SO THERAPEUTICS USES OF TRACE ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Congress on Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology - Therapeutic Uses of Trace Elements CY FEB 04-07, 1996 CL MERIBEL, FRANCE SP French Speaking Soc Study & Res Essential Trace Elements, French Minist Foreign Affairs, Joseph Fourier Univ, Grenoble, Volv Ctr Res Trace Elements, Labcatal Lab, Montrouge, Aguettant, Analab, Becton Dickinson, Behring, BIO2, Boehringer, Boiron, Ctr Natl Biologists, Credit Lyonnais, Fisons, Fumouze, Jobin Yvon, Johnson & Johnson, Kontron, Lavoisier Tec & Doc, Lero, Les Granions, Nestle, Olympus, Perkin Elomer, Randox, Richelet, Roche Posay, Roucous, Sanofi, Servier, Spin, Varian RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45485-8 PY 1996 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BH01E UT WOS:A1996BH01E00025 ER PT J AU Dobrinsky, JR AF Dobrinsky, JR TI Cellular approach to cryopreservation of embryos SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the International-Embryo-Transfer-Society CY JAN 07-10, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE embryo; cryopreservation; vitrification; cytoskeleton; microfilaments; microtubules ID DYNAMIC INSTABILITY; ACTIN-FILAMENTS; MEIOTIC SPINDLE; CYTOCHALASIN-B; MOUSE EMBRYOS; MICROTUBULES; OOCYTES; ORGANIZATION; -196-DEGREES-C; POLYMERIZATION AB Considerable progress has been made in the improvement and simplification of cryopreservation procedures routinely used in embryo transfer programs. Conventional slow-rate, programmable freezing and vitrification of embryos have given veterinarians, scientists and producers alternatives in their herd reproduction practices, however, pregnancy rates after cryopreservation are not equivalent to fresh embryo transfer. No matter how embryos are cryopreserved, some always die, and that can be costly to the producer. Documenting cellular damage during or after cryopreservation would provide useful, non-empirical information for understanding cellular sensitivities to cryopreservation and will lead to improved protocols for embryo cryopreservation and a better understanding of domestic animal embryology. This paper discusses the current progress in embryo cryopreservation, and will address intracellular damage to the cytoarchitecture of cryopreserved embryos and attempts to detour this damage by utilizing cytoskeletal stabilization prior to cryopreservation. RP Dobrinsky, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 54 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(95)00351-8 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA TN605 UT WOS:A1996TN60500003 ER PT J AU Wall, RJ AF Wall, RJ TI Transgenic livestock: Progress and prospects for the future SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the International-Embryo-Transfer-Society CY JAN 07-10, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE transgenic livestock; gene transfer; microinjection ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN; SPERM CELLS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; MOUSE EMBRYOS; EXOGENOUS DNA; FARM-ANIMALS; MICE; MODELS; PIGS AB The notion of directly introducing new genes or otherwise directly manipulating the genotype of an animal is conceptually straightforward and appealing because of the speed and precision with which phenotypic changes could be made. Thus, it is of little wonder that the imagination of many an animal scientist has been captivated by the success others have achieved by introducing foreign genes into mice. private sector has embraced transgenic livestock technology resulting in formation of two new industries. However, before transgenic farm animals become a common component of the livestock production industry, a number of formidable hurdles must be overcome. In this brief communication, the technical challenges are enumerated and possible solutions are discussed. RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 68 TC 109 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(95)00355-C PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA TN605 UT WOS:A1996TN60500007 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Riley, RT AF Abbas, HK Riley, RT TI The presence and phytotoxicity of fumonisins and AAL-toxin in Alternaria alternata SO TOXICON LA English DT Article ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; JIMSONWEED; MYCOTOXINS; CULTURES AB The fumonisins (FB) and AAL-toxin are known to be produced by Fusarium moniliforme and Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici when grown on rice. Alternaria alternata produced 1.3-3.1 ppm FB1 when grown on PDA for 2 weeks at 26 degrees C as determined by CD-ELISA and 0.6 ppm as determined by CF/FAB/MS. ELISA consistently yielded higher results than CF/FAB/MS. The presence of FB2, FB3 and AAL-toxin were demonstrated in spores and mycelia of A. alternata by CF/FAB/MS. The presence of AAL-toxin was further confirmed by demonstration of increased free sphingoid bases in tomato plants exposed to fungal spores and mycelia. This is the first report of AAL-toxin, FB2 and FB3 in spores and mycelia and confirms the presence of FB1 in A. alternata. C1 ARS,USDA,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA,AGR SERV LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JAN PY 1996 VL 34 IS 1 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0041-0101(95)00124-7 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TV577 UT WOS:A1996TV57700011 PM 8835341 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Goudie, CA Simco, BA Davis, KB Morizot, DC AF Liu, QH Goudie, CA Simco, BA Davis, KB Morizot, DC TI Isozyme expression and gene-centromere distances in diploid and triploid hybrid catfish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH; ENZYME LOCI; GRASS CARP; SALMON; CHROMOSOMES; CHINOOK; GROWTH AB Allozyme expression of 14 loci was studied in diploid channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, blue catfish I. furcatus, and diploid and triploid hybrid catfish (channel catfish X blue catfish). This allowed appropriate interpretation of allozyme expression and estimates of gene-centromere distances in triploid hybrid catfish and contributed to genetic characterization of the commercially important ictalurid catfishes. Five polymorphic loci in the parental female channel catfish were used to confirm the retention of an extra diagnostic maternal allele in triploid offspring. Fidelity of gene dosage and allozyme expression of three parental alleles were found at 13 of 14 loci of triploid progeny; however, expression of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in 174 and 197 triploid hybrids was similar to that of diploid hybrids. Electrophoretic variation for PGM was observed when different buffers were used, indicating nongenetic alteration of expression. Two polymorphic loci in triploid hybrid catfish provided new gene-centromere distances of 14 centimorgans (cM) for aspartate aminotransferase (mAAT*) and 45 cM for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI-A*). No differences were found in recombination rates of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDHP*) and peptidase-5 (PEPS-l*) loci of triploid hybrids at different ages. C1 USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. MEMPHIS UNIV,ECOL RES CTR,DIV ECOL & ORGANISMAL BIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR SCI PK,DIV RES,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 125 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0056:IEAGCD>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA TP350 UT WOS:A1996TP35000006 ER PT J AU Matthews, KR AF Matthews, KR TI Diel movement and habitat use of California golden trout in the Golden Trout Wilderness, California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB I used radio transmitters to determine the diel habitat use and movement patterns of California golden trout Oncorhynchus mykiss aquabonita inside and outside cattle exclosures on the South Fork Kern River, Golden Trout Wilderness, California. Twenty-three golden trout were monitored from September 10 to 19, 1993, during 216 diel-tracking hours at four study sites in upper and lower Ramshaw Meadow. No differences in distances moved or home ranges were detected between golden trout inside and outside exclosures. Mean home ranges were 18.5-54.0 m inside the two exclosure sites and 36.0-68.7 m outside the two exclosures. Most golden trout were found within 5 m of their previously recorded location at both upper (93.5% of 521 observations) and lower (92% of 394 observations) Ramshaw Meadow sites. Movement of individual fish varied: five fish moved less than 5 m throughout the 10-d study period, whereas 12 fish moved 100-608 m. Golden trout were active both day and night, and I observed them feeding throughout the night, even when water temperatures were as low as 2 degrees C. At all study sites inside and outside exclosures, golden trout used three macrohabitats (pools, runs, and riffles) but selected pools in higher proportions than the more available runs. Throughout the study, golden trout were associated with nine habitat features (undercut banks, willows, bare banks, collapsed banks, open channel, aquatic vegetation, sedge, boulders, or rootwads) but were most commonly found near sedge and undercut banks. RP Matthews, KR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BOX 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. RI Matthews, Kathleen/G-8773-2012 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 125 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0078:DMAHUO>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA TP350 UT WOS:A1996TP35000008 ER PT J AU Erbach, DC Ryken, MJ Edwards, PJ Marley, SJ Tollefson, JJ AF Erbach, DC Ryken, MJ Edwards, PJ Marley, SJ Tollefson, JJ TI Insecticide granule deposition in turfgrass SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE insecticide; turfgrass; birds; toxicity; waterfowl ID BIRDS AB The distribution of granular pesticides, used to control insects in turfgrass, may influence the pesticide hazard to birds foraging for food; however, there is little information on the exposure of birds to granules applied to turfgrass. Granules were spread onto golf course greens [creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris 'Penncross')], fairways [perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual bluegrass (Pea annual], and roughs [Kentucky bluegrass (Pea pratensis)]. Granule height in the grass profile was measured and granules visible from above were counted. Within one hour after application, granules in the rough were less visible (15%) than those in the fairway (38%) or on the green (67%). Irrigation (4 mm) decreased the percentage of granules visible from above to 7% for the rough, 20% for the fairway, and 46% for the green. After irrigation, granules in the rough were higher (mean height 9 mm) above the soil surface than were granules applied to fairways (6 mm) and greens (4 mm). The most likely place for waterfowl to be exposed to granular insecticides is on the fairway, where the birds' habit of grazing to a height of 10 to 20 mm would expose them to I to 15% of the applied granules if they feed soon after an irrigation following granule application. C1 ZENECA AGROCHEM,JEALOTTS HILL RES STN,BRACKNELL,BERKS,ENGLAND. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP Erbach, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700002 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Salyani, M AF Hoffmann, WC Salyani, M TI Spray deposition on citrus canopies under different meteorological conditions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE spray volume; weather; leaf wetness; citrus; colorimetry AB This article explored the effects on spray deposition of air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity wind direction, and leaf surface wetness (a function of temperature and relative humidity) commonly occurring during a 24-h period. The interaction of different spray volumes (470; 1 890; 4 700 L/ha) with the above meteorological parameters was studied. Samples were taken from citrus canopies from sir radial locations at each of three heights. Application time during a 24-h period was found to have a significant effect on deposition. Mean deposition and variability of deposition increased as spray volume decreased The deposition generally decreased as sampling height increased and sampling location moved further away from the sprayer. Meteorological parameters did nor have significant effects on depositions; however, nighttime applications (associated with lower temperatures and higher relative humidities) made under dry leaf conditions generally had higher depositions than daytime applications (associated with higher temperatures and lower relative humidities). In general, the increase in deposition was mitigated under wet leaf conditions. C1 USDA ARS,AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX. UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700003 ER PT J AU Robinson, KM Hanson, GJ AF Robinson, KM Hanson, GJ TI Gully headcut advance SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE gullies; spillway; headcut; erosion AB Gully headcut advance rates were examined in a cohesive soil with multiple overfall heights and discharges. Eleven rests were conducted in a 1.8-m-wide and 29-m-long flume at nearfield scale. Preformed overfalls with average heights of 0.96, 1.25, and 1.55 m were tested to failure at average discharges of 0.75, 1.59, and 2.42 m(3)/s. Soil from the same source was used for all tests. The observed headcut advance rates ranged from 0 to 1.6 m/h. All but one test displayed uniform headcut advance rates. The rests were performed while attempting to hold soil moisture and soil density constant and examining the influence of overfall height and discharge on headcut advance. The observed variation in placed soil conditions appeared to have as much influence on headcut advance as did the overfall height and discharge variations. Examination of a subset of the data suggests that the advance rare increases as the overfall height increases. The aeration status of the headcut and the dominant mode of failure are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700005 ER PT J AU Yoder, RE Duke, HR Podmore, TH AF Yoder, RE Duke, HR Podmore, TH TI Wetting patterns for wheel and nonwheel irrigated furrows SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE furrows; infiltration; bromide; surface irrigation ID WATER AB Bromide (Br-) masses recovered by extensive sampling of very fine sandy loam soil to a depth of 1.5 m defined the pattern of soil water movement from irrigated furrows. Wheel traffic occurred in alternate furrows. Bromide was applied in the irrigation water in three-wheel and three-nonwheel furrows. All border furrows and furrows between treated furrows were irrigated with untreated water Small amounts of the bromide a tracer moved laterally and vertically throughout the soil profile surrounding wheel furrows. Bromide mass in samples taken directly beneath wheel furrows was as high as 35.5 mg kg(-1) of soil, while bromide mass in samples taken beneath adjacent ridges seldom exceeded 8.89 mg kg(-1) of soil. These data suggest that water movement from wheel furrows was generally downward, probably because compaction reduced the infiltration rate and also because much of the flow was non-Darcian. The location and amount of bromide surrounding nonwheel furrows at the lower end of the field were similar to wheel furrows, probably because of the relatively short infiltration opportunity times. Only at the upper end of nonwheel furrows, where an average depth of 260 mm of water was infiltrated, was bromide found in quantities large enough to infer substantial lateral movement. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM & AGR ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Yoder, RE (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT AGR ENGN,POB 1071,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700006 ER PT J AU Spaeth, KE Pierson, FB Weltz, MA Awang, JB AF Spaeth, KE Pierson, FB Weltz, MA Awang, JB TI Gradient analysis of infiltration and environmental variables as related to rangeland vegetation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE infiltration equations; rangeland plant communities; multivariate techniques; plant-soil relationships; ordination ID SEMIARID RANGELANDS; TEMPORAL INFLUENCE; GRAZING SYSTEMS; EROSION; TEXAS AB Rangeland plant communities and the hydrologic cycle associated with them are multivariate in nature and are affected by many interacting biotic and abiotic components. A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to apply rainfall in three applications (dry nln, wet run, and very wet run) to paired 3.05- x 10.7-m runoff plots. Representative plant community types were tall-grass, mixed-grass, short-grass prairie, and sagebrush steppe. Indirect gradient analysis was used to summarize relationships between rangeland plant communities, infiltration, and soil variables. Effective terminal infiltration rate (f(e)) was consistently higher in sagebrush communities. The best coefficient of determination of f(e) for the pooled data set (144 runoff plots, 24 sites, IO states) was R(2) = 0.45. Infiltration equations which represented rangeland community types (short-grass, mixed-grass, tall-grass, and sagebrush-grass) were more robust (R(2) values > 0.71). The inclusion of endemic plant species in the model building process also improved f(e) rates. For example, in the tall-grass prairie, the inclusion of above ground indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) biomass, an endemic native grass species, and other plants as independent variables increased regression coefficients of determination from 0.71 to 0.82. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV IDAHO,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID. RP Spaeth, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA IV,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700009 ER PT J AU Bingner, RL AF Bingner, RL TI Runoff simulated from Goodwin Creek Watershed using SWAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GIS; runoff; runoff volume; simulation/modeling; watersheds ID MODEL AB Goodwin Creek Watershed (GCW), located in northern Mississippi, was simulated for 10 years using a deterministic simulation model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). GCW contains 14 instream measuring stations for runoff Each measuring station represented an outlet of one or more nested subbasins, which were each simulated separately and routed to each outlet using SWAT. Each subbasin was described using the GRASS geographic information system, integrated with SWAT, to determine input parameters. Storm event rainfall was measured individually from one raingage for each subbasin. Results show that simulations using SWAT predicted the relative trends of runoff on a daily and annual basis from multiple subbasins, except for a completely wooded subbasin. Using GCW, this study has shown that SWAT has the capability of adequately simulating the effects on runoff from the temporal and spatial variability of watershed characteristics. Accurately simulating runoff improves the prediction of the movement of chemicals, nutrients, and sediment. RP Bingner, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 13 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700011 ER PT J AU Rawls, WJ Brakensiek, DL Logsdon, SD AF Rawls, WJ Brakensiek, DL Logsdon, SD TI Estimation of macropore properties for no-till soils SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE macropore; fractals; hydraulic conductivity; no till; soil texture ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AB Macropores contribute to rapid movement of water and solutes through the soil. Determining the size and distribution of macropore requires laborious field and/or laboratory procedures. The objective of this study was to develop methods for estimating macropore size and distribution based on more easily obtained data such as soil texture, one set of pore size, geometry were developed to estimate the soil macropore properties of macropore sizes/counts, areal porosity, and/or saturated hydraulic conductivity. A database representing five soil textures under a no-till farming practice was used to develop empirical equations to calculate macropore size/count, areal porosity, and macropore conductivity based on three levels of available data. The three levels of input data are soil texture and (1) an arbitrary size (R(x)) and pore count above that size (N-x); (2) a measured macropore saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-macro); or (3) an estimated largest macropore radius (R(1)). The form of all regression equations were shown to be consistent with equations from fractal geometry. The developed equations were tested with independent, published macropore data and their reported variances. The verifications indicated that satisfactory estimates be made from more readily available macropore data. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Rawls, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BARC W,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 104,BELTSVILLE,MD 20707, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700012 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Hinkle, SE AF Nielsen, DC Hinkle, SE TI Field evaluation of basal crop coefficients for corn based on growing degree days, growth stage, or time SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; irrigation; crop coefficients AB Basal crop coefficients for estimating corn evapotranspiration that are based on time do not account for variations in plant development that occur due to differences in growing season temperature, hybrid maturity length, and planting date. Crop coefficients based on growing degree days (GDD) or observed growth stage (GS) are available that would adjust to abnormal growing conditions. This article reports the results of Colorado field tests of corn basal crop coefficients derived in Nebraska based on either GS or GDD. These crop coefficients were tested for a range of planting dates and corn hybrid maturities. Generally, these crop coefficients estimated corn evapotranspiration (ETcorn) more closely to water balance measurements of ET than did time-based (TB) crop coefficients. Coefficients based on observed growth stage or growing degree days simplify ET prediction and irrigation scheduling because adjustments for abnormal environmental conditions or planting dates are not necessary. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,POB 400,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700013 ER PT J AU Edwards, DR Moore, PA Daniel, TC Srivastava, P AF Edwards, DR Moore, PA Daniel, TC Srivastava, P TI Poultry litter-treated length effects on quality of runoff from fescue plots SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE water quality; nonpoint source pollution; poultry manure; nutrient transport AB Using experimental data and/or mathematical simulation models to identify practices that reduce pollution from manure-treated areas is sometimes perceived as limited by the unknown validity of extrapolating plot-scale data to larger areas and by uncertainties in modeling transport of various pollutants. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of length of manure treatment on runoff concentrations of poultry litter constituents and to define the modes of transport (particulate versus soluble) for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C), and solids. Poultry litter was applied to three 1.5- x 18.3-m fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots with runoff collection gutters installed at 3.0-m intervals along the lengths of the plots. Runoff was generated from simulated rainfall (50 mm/h for 1 h of runoff), and samples were analyzed for total Kjeldahl N (TKN), organic N (Org-N), ammonia N (NH3-N), nitrate N (NO3-N), total P (TP), total organic C (TOC), and total suspended solids (TSS). Soluble fractions of TKN, Org-N, NH3-N, TP, and TOC were also determined. Manure-treated length had no effect on runoff concentration of any parameter indicating that a manure-treated length of only 3.0 m would have been sufficient to simulate runoff quality associated with longer manure length treatments. Proportions of TKN, Org-N, NH3-N, and TP transported in soluble form were high (greater than or equal to 74%), and over half of the TOC in the runoff was in soluble form. These results indicate that for conditions similar to those of this study, extrapolation with respect to runoff concentrations might be possible with little adaptation of the data and might simplify, the design of management practices that key on edge-of-field runoff concentrations. The results with regard to modes of transport can help to better model losses of N, P, and COD and suggest that losses of these parameters will be most effectively controlled through practices that focus on reducing soluble losses rather than simply reducing erosion. C1 USDA ARS,PPPSU,FAYETTEVILLE,AR. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP Edwards, DR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. RI Srivastava, Puneet/F-8390-2014 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700014 ER PT J AU Desmond, ED Ward, AD Fausey, NR Workman, SR AF Desmond, ED Ward, AD Fausey, NR Workman, SR TI Comparison of daily water table depth prediction by four simulation models SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ADAPT; hydrologic modeling; water table management ID MANAGEMENT MODEL; GLEAMS AB The Agricultural Drainage And Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model was compared to the water management simulation models DRAINMOD, SWATREN, and PREFLO, SWATREN and PREFLO are one-dimensional finite-difference models while ADAPT and DRAINMOD are one-dimensional mass balance models. ADAPT, an extension of the computer model GLEAMS, also provides chemical transport information. All four models were tested against field data from Aurora, North Carolina. Observed water table depth data were collected during 1973 through 1977 from a water table management field experiment with three subsurface drain spacing treatments of 7.5, 15, and 30 m. Both the standard error of estimate and the average absolute deviation were computed between measured and predicted midpoint water table depths. For the five-year period ADAPT, DRAINMOD, SWATREN, and PREFLO had standard errors of estimated water table depth of 0.18, 0.19, 0.19, and 0.18 m and absolute deviations of 0.14, 0.14, 0.14, and 0.14 m, respectively. The results show good agreement between the models for this experimental site and encourage the further adoption of ADAPT to predict chemical transport. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700015 ER PT J AU Sumner, HR Wauchope, RD Truman, CC Dowler, CC Hook, JE AF Sumner, HR Wauchope, RD Truman, CC Dowler, CC Hook, JE TI Rainfall simulator and plot design for mesoplot runoff studies SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE rainfall simulator; runoff; water quality; agricultural chemicals; sprinklers AB There is need to evaluate the effects of agricultural production activities on sedimentation, pesticide, and nutrient losses under controlled simulated rainfall on plots large enough (generally exceeding 50 m(2)) to incorporate realistic slope lengths and dominant processes that control runoff and sediment yield from ''field-size'' areas. Therefore, a rainfall simulator system was developed for 600-m(2) plots (mesoplots) to evaluate runoff (water and sediment) and agrichemical movement from fields for different tillage practices and chemical applications. The rainfall simulator applies water with irrigation sprinklers spaced 3 m apart on two irrigation laterals arranged 14.6 m apart along the plot length. Runoff and sediment were collected in a V-shaped trough and directed to a flume for measuring and sampling. Simulated rainfall of 25 mm/h with a median drop diameter of 1.52 mm had a coefficient of uniformity of 91 over the plot area. Water was applied and sediment and runoff collected from two mesoplots for sir events over a corn-growing season. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,TIFTON,GA. RP Sumner, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700017 ER PT J AU Retta, A Armbrust, DV Hagen, LJ AF Retta, A Armbrust, DV Hagen, LJ TI Partitioning of biomass in the crop submodel of WEPS (wind erosion prediction system) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WEPS; modeling; biomass; partitioning of biomass ID GROWTH AB A crop growth submodel (dubbed CROP) is being developed for the wind erosion prediction system (WEPS). One of the requirements of CROP is to estimate leaf and stem growth on a daily mass basis and supply these values to the appropriate subroutines. The separate effects of leaves and stems on the processes of wind erosion then can be taken into account in the model. We developed a procedure for calculating leaf and stem growth separately for six crops: corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)], soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.). Above ground biomass was regressed on relative growing degree days (which is a ratio of the growing degree days from Planting to any day, to the growing degree days front planting to physiological maturity), or relative growing days where temperature data were not available. Stem mass was regressed on above ground biomass. In both cases, the logistic (sigmoid) model was used. Differentiation of the stem mass equation in conjunction with the biomass equation enabled us to calculate the partitioning ratios of leaf, stem, and reproductive plant parts, as functions of relative growing degree days (or relative growing days). The partitioning equations were incorporated into CROP. Overall, CROP predicted leaf, stem, reproductive, and above ground masses agreed fairly well with measured data (r(2) ranged from 0.60 to 0.92, slopes from 0.65 to 1.18 and intercepts from -0.15 to 0.96 t ha(-1)). RP Retta, A (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 145 EP 151 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700020 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA Potter, KN Morrison, JE AF Torbert, HA Potter, KN Morrison, JE TI Management effects on nitrogen and phosphorus losses in runoff on expansive clay soils SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; phosphorus; tillage; clay soil; runoff ID WHEAT STRAW RESIDUES; NO-TILL; ORGANIC-CARBON; FERTILIZER; PLACEMENT; INTENSITY; VERTISOL AB Raised wide beds have been proposed as a conservation tillage practice for reducing erosion losses in vertisols, but few measurements of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses have been reported. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of tillage systems and fertilizer N application methods on sediment and nutrient losses associated with interrill runoff. Simulated rainfall events (125 mm h(-1) until 30 min of runoff had occurred) were applied to raised wide beds (0.15 m high and 1.5 m wide with 0.5-m-wide furrows) on a Houston Black clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellusterts) which had been managed with either a no-till or a chisel-till tillage system. Three simulated methods of applying fertilizer N (surface band, coulter-nozzle, or spoke wheel simulated field practices) were compared in a split plot experimental design with four replications. Total N and P losses, as well as fertilizer N losses, in both sediment and solution from interrill runoff were determined from 1 m(2) plots. While no P was applied in fertilizer, greater P losses were observed with the chisel-till compared to no-till. While N losses in runoff were relatively low, fertilizer N application with surface banding or the coulter-nozzle applicator in no-till had greater total N and fertilizer N losses. Under relatively wet soil water conditions, respective losses of total inorganic N and fertilizer N in solution were greater from no-till with 4.0 and 2.0 kg N ha(-1) lost, as compared to 0.2 and 0.1 kg N ha(-1) lost from chisel-till per rainfall event. Losses of N in sediment were greatest in chisel-till, with 2.1 and 0.03 kg N ha(-1) lost from chisel-till, as compared to 0.6 and 0.01 kg N ha(-1) lost from no-till, of total N and fertilizer N per rainfall event, respectively The greatest N losses during the runoff event was observed with the surface banded and coulter-nozzle fertilizer application methods in no-till due to increased fertilizer N losses. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700022 ER PT J AU Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL McDonald, TP Korthals, RL AF Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL McDonald, TP Korthals, RL TI Feeding patterns and swine performance in hot environments SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE stress; growth; feed conversion; feed intake; meal parameters; heat; organ size; backfat; eating behavior ID GROWING-FINISHING SWINE; HEAT-PRODUCTION; PIGS; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR AB Two experiments were conducted to determine modifications in eating behavior of heat-stressed pigs using gilts and barrows. Heat-stressed pigs were maintained at environmental temperatures that caused voluntary 13% and 26% reductions in daily feed consumption compared to control temperature pigs of the same weight. For control temperature pigs, there was a 50% reduction in number of meals and a threefold increase in meal size as animals grew from 40 to 100 kg. The number of daily meals and rare of eating (g/min) for heal-stressed pigs were remarkably similar to control pigs of the same age. However for heat-stress treatments, the duration of meals was substantially reduced which apparently was the primary method of behaviorally adjusting to heat stress. Neat stress reduced liver, heart, stomach, and large intestine weights, and tended to reduce backfat thickness indicating that pigs under hear stress had reduced maintenance requirements. Heat stress did not affect feed conversion, but substantially reduced rare of gain. C1 AUBURN UNIV,US FOREST SERV,GW ANDREWS FORESTRY SCI,AUBURN,AL. RP Nienaber, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700027 ER PT J AU Shedlauskas, JP Manbeck, HB Janowiak, JJ Hernandez, R Moody, RC Labosky, P Blankenhorn, PR AF Shedlauskas, JP Manbeck, HB Janowiak, JJ Hernandez, R Moody, RC Labosky, P Blankenhorn, PR TI Efficient use of red oak for clued-laminated beams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE red oak; glued-laminated beams; strength; stiffness; volume-effect AB A red oak glued-laminated beam combination was developed to achieve a bending strength of 16.5 MPa (2,400 psi) and a modulus of elasticity of 12.4 GPa (1.8 x 10(6) psi). Thirty beams of two sizes were evaluated to determine the adequacy of ASTM D 3737 (ASTM, 1992a) procedures for prediction of glued-laminated beam design stress and stiffness, and to verify the volume effect equation currently in use, Lumber properties were recorded prior to beam manufacture for use in the ASTM D 3737 analysis. Data were analyzed using both knot data collected for each lamination grade, and for the pooled knot data of combined lamination grades to increase knot data sample size. Beam data were normalized to distinguish the difference in bending strength due to volume effect from the difference in bending strength due to lumber properties. Beam strengths from pooled knot data were not normalized. Bean; rests indicate that ASTM D 3737 can be used to satisfactorily predict the strength and stiffness of red oak glued-laminated beams, and that the current volume effect model adequately predicts the behavior of red oak glued-laminated beams. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700028 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, SO TI A review and assessment of microwave energy for soil treatment to control pests SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE microwave energy; soil; pests ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; GERMINATION; GRAIN; MICROORGANISMS; RADIOFREQUENCY; FREQUENCIES; RADIATION; SYSTEMS; INSECTS; KERNELS AB Reports of experimental work on controlling pests such as insects, nematodes, weed seeds, and fungi in soil with microwave energy are reviewed. The assessment of the practicability of microwave radiation for soil treatment to control pests involves estimation of energy costs for heating soil to lethal levels for devitalization of weed seeds and consideration of parameters affecting microwave energy attenuation in the soil, conditions for selectively heating organisms in soil, and other factors that need to be taken into account for practical use. It is concluded that little probability exists for practical application of microwave energy for field control of these pests without major new discoveries of lethal mechanisms other than hearing. Reasons include the severe attenuation of microwave energy in soils, the improbability of effective, selective heating of organisms, and the extremely high costs of energy and equipment for such applications. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 68 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700037 ER PT J AU Alessi, RS AF Alessi, RS TI Aerospace software engineering perspectives for agricultural software development SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE software; systems; requirements; design; systems integration AB The integration of agricultural research results into useful software-driven systems has potential to aid managers of agricultural resources, How to accomplish this integration while maintaining a high degree of user-oriented quality is not a simple task. This article discusses software engineering perspectives developed by the U.S. Department of Defense software industry that are used to analyze, design, and build complex software systems. This software engineering process was contrasted with the agricultural research process which currently guides agricultural software development. Problem analysis, solution conceptualization, process definition, and formal team building are four areas where agricultural research differs significantly from the aerospace approach. If activities associated with these concepts can be implemented within the agricultural research community, it will be possible to increase scale and complexity while maintaining the quality and timeliness of agricultural software. RP Alessi, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TX427 UT WOS:A1996TX42700038 ER PT J AU Thorne, CR Allen, RG Simon, A AF Thorne, CR Allen, RG Simon, A TI Geomorphological river channel reconnaissance for river analysis, engineering and management SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF BRITISH GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE fluvial geomorphology; reconnaissance surveys; river channel management; River Blackwater; geomorphological data; flood defence; channel maintenance ID ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; TRANSPORT AB Geomorphological studies involving river reconnaissance, analysis (both qualitative and quantitative) and assessment can supply information on the form and physical processes operating in a fluvial system. This information is of value to river engineers and managers wishing to work with, rather than against, nature when undertaking engineering and maintenance operations or devising management policies. Qualitative analysis rests on the interpretation of process from form using careful observation across the whole system, together with the application of well-established geomorphological concepts. Quantitative analyses of specific study reaches identified as critical in the broader qualitative study are based on regime theory and hydraulic geometry, whereby observed channel dimensions and features are compared with the same hydrological and sedimentary controls. The utility of geomorphological river reconnaissance is illustrated using a case study from the River Blackwater, southeast England. A geomorphological assessment is used to suggest alternative modifications to the operational maintenance regime that would allow the channel to recover more of its natural form and, thereby, promote environmental restoration of aquatic and riparian habitats. C1 ENVIRONM & BUSINESS CTR,GROUNDWORK TRUST,LEEDS LS27 9ED,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. USDA,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP Thorne, CR (reprint author), UNIV NOTTINGHAM,DEPT GEOG,NOTTINGHAM NG7 2RD,ENGLAND. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU INST BRITISH GEOGRAPHERS PI LONDON PA 1 KENSINGTON GORE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW7 2AR SN 0020-2754 J9 T I BRIT GEOGR JI Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. PY 1996 VL 21 IS 3 BP 469 EP 483 DI 10.2307/622592 PG 15 WC Geography SC Geography GA VQ748 UT WOS:A1996VQ74800003 ER PT S AU Helmers, DL GrattoTrevor, CL AF Helmers, DL GrattoTrevor, CL BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Effects of predation on migratory shorebird recruitment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FIRST NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Facing Realities in Resource Management CY MAR 22-27, 1996 CL TULSA, OK RP Helmers, DL (reprint author), USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,COLUMBIA,MO, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1996 BP 50 EP 61 PG 12 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Zoology GA BG62W UT WOS:A1996BG62W00007 ER PT S AU Witmer, GW Bucknall, JL Fritts, TH Moreno, DG AF Witmer, GW Bucknall, JL Fritts, TH Moreno, DG BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Predator management to protect endangered avian species SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FIRST NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Facing Realities in Resource Management CY MAR 22-27, 1996 CL TULSA, OK RP Witmer, GW (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1996 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Zoology GA BG62W UT WOS:A1996BG62W00012 ER PT J AU McCollum, DW Miller, SM Janik, P Titus, K AF McCollum, DW Miller, SM Janik, P Titus, K BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Implications of economic information for natural resource managers: An Alaskan case study SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FIRST NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Facing Realities in Resource Management CY MAR 22-27, 1996 CL TULSA, OK RP McCollum, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1996 BP 257 EP 266 PG 10 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Zoology GA BG62W UT WOS:A1996BG62W00032 ER PT J AU Swanson, CS AF Swanson, CS BE Wadsworth, KG McCabe, RE TI Economics of endangered species: Bald eagles on the Skagit river bald eagle natural area, Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FIRST NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference on Facing Realities in Resource Management CY MAR 22-27, 1996 CL TULSA, OK RP Swanson, CS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1996 BP 293 EP 300 PG 8 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Forestry; Zoology GA BG62W UT WOS:A1996BG62W00037 ER PT J AU Wall, RJ Rexroad, CE Powell, A Shamay, A McKnight, R Hennighausen, L AF Wall, RJ Rexroad, CE Powell, A Shamay, A McKnight, R Hennighausen, L TI Synthesis and secretion of the mouse whey acidic protein in transgenic sheep SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE whey acidic protein gene; transgenic sheep; bioreactor; mammary gland ID MILK PROTEIN; ALVEOLAR DEVELOPMENT; MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT; GENE PROMOTER; HYBRID GENE; EXPRESSION; MICE; LACTATION; GLANDS; PIGS AB The synthesis of foreign proteins can be targeted to the mammary gland of transgenic animals, thus permitting commercial purification of otherwise unavailable proteins from milk. Genetic regulatory elements from the mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) gene have been used successfully to direct expression of transgenes to the mammary gland of mice, goats and pigs. To extend the practical usefulness of WAP promoter-driven fusion genes and further characterize WAP expression in heterologous species, we introduced a 6.8 kb DNA fragment containing the genomic form of the mouse WAP gene into sheep zygotes. Two lines of transgenic sheep were produced. The transgene was expressed in mammary tissue of both lines and intact WAP was secreted into milk at concentrations estimated to range from 100 to 500 mg/litre. Ectopic WAP gene expression was found in salivary gland, spleen, liver lung, heart muscle, kidney and bone marrow of one founder ewe. WAP RNA was not detected in skeletal muscle and intestine. These data suggest that unlike pigs, sheep may possess nuclear factors in a variety of tissues that interact with WAP regulatory sequences. Though the data presented are based on only two lines, these findings suggest WAP regulatory sequences may not be suitable as control elements for transgenes in sheep bioreactors. C1 NIDDKD,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 5 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1007/BF01979923 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TT630 UT WOS:A1996TT63000008 PM 8589741 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, MR Linder, S AF Kaufmann, MR Linder, S TI Tree physiology research in a changing world SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Traveling Workshop on Interactive Environmental Effects on Forest Stands CY JAN 27-FEB 07, 1995 CL NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org DE canopy process; ecosystems; natural resources; population increase; research trends; sustainability AB Changes in issues and advances in methodology have contributed to substantial progress in tree physiology research during the last several decades. Current research focuses on process interactions in complex systems and the integration of processes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. An increasingly important challenge for future research is assuring sustainability of production systems and forested ecosystems in the face of increased demands for natural resources and human disturbance of forests. Meeting this challenge requires significant shifts in research approach, including the study of limitations of productivity that may accompany achievement of system sustainability, and a focus on the biological capabilities of complex land bases altered by human activity. C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT ECOL & ENVIRONM RES,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TT024 UT WOS:A1996TT02400002 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, MR AF Kaufmann, MR TI To live fast or not: Growth, vigor and longevity of old-growth ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Traveling Workshop on Interactive Environmental Effects on Forest Stands CY JAN 27-FEB 07, 1995 CL NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org DE annual volume growth increment; dendrochronology; growth efficiency; Pinus contorta; Pinus ponderosa; stem analysis; tree-ring measurement; tree vigor ID STANDS AB Old trees of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) were studied to determine volume growth patterns in relation to leaf area. Ponderosa pine trees varied in age from 166 to 432 years and were about 77 cm in diameter; lodgepole pine trees varied in age from 250 to 296 years and were about 31 cm in diameter. With the exception of several ponderosa pine trees less than 200 years old, trees of both species had flattened tops, heavy branches, and foliage distribution characteristically found only in the oldest trees. After trees were felled, annual volume increments were determined from crossdated radial increments measured on discs at 4-m height intervals, and leaf areas were determined based on leaf area/branch sapwood area ratios for 1/5 sections of the crown for each tree. In ponderosa pine, three distinct volume growth patterns occurred: (1) a gradual increase in annual volume growth until felling; (2) a more rapid increase in growth to a plateau that persisted for a century or more; and (3) a rapid increase in growth followed by a generally sudden decrease in growth to less than half the earlier rates, and persisting at these lower rates for as long as seven decades. In lodgepole pine, fewer trees exhibited the sudden growth decline observed in ponderosa pine. Most short-term growth variations in ponderosa pine were synchronized among all trees, suggesting a common climatic signal. In lodgepole pine, annual variations in volume growth were slight. Volume growth in the most recent years before felling was weakly correlated with leaf area at the time of felling (r(2) = 0.45 for both species). However, in both species, trees having a high volume growth rate and leaf area at the time of felling had grown slowly when young, whereas trees having low volume growth rate and leaf area at felling grew rapidly when young. Thus a wide range of early and late growth patterns can lead to old-growth conditions in these species. Growth efficiencies (grams of dry matter per m(2) total leaf area) were generally higher for trees having the lowest leaf areas, and in almost all cases were below 100 g m(-2). RP Kaufmann, MR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TT024 UT WOS:A1996TT02400018 ER PT J AU Coleman, MD Dickson, RE Isebrands, JG Karnosky, DF AF Coleman, MD Dickson, RE Isebrands, JG Karnosky, DF TI Root growth and physiology of potted and field-grown trembling aspen exposed to tropospheric ozone SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Traveling Workshop on Interactive Environmental Effects on Forest Stands CY JAN 27-FEB 07, 1995 CL NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org DE fine root dynamics; growth respiration; maintenance respiration; Populus tremuloides; root respiration; soil CO2 efflux ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; FOREST FLOOR; PINUS-TAEDA; DOUGLAS-FIR; RESPIRATION; SEEDLINGS; PLANTS; PATTERNS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We studied root growth and respiration of potted plants and field-grown aspen trees (Populus tremuloides Michx.) exposed to ambient or twice-ambient ozone. Root dry weight of potted plants decreased up to 45% after 12 weeks of ozone treatment, and root system respiration decreased by 27%. The ozone-induced decrease in root system respiration of potted plants was more closely correlated with decreased root dry weight than with specific root respiration, suggesting that aspen root metabolism was less affected by ozone than root growth. We used minirhizotrons to study the appearance and disappearance of roots in the field. Length of live roots of field-grown trees increased rapidly early in the season and peaked by midseason in association with a decrease in root production and an increase in root disappearance. In the twice-ambient ozone treatment, live root lengths were 17% less than those of controls, but the effect was not statistically significant. Seasonal soil CO2 efflux of field-grown trees decreased significantly in the ozone treatments, but because differences in live root length were not significant and root dry weights were not available, the effect on CO2 efflux could not be attributed directly to decreased root growth. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD, HOUGHTON, MI 49931 USA. RP Coleman, MD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, 5985 HIGHWAY K, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 54 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TT024 UT WOS:A1996TT02400019 ER PT J AU Murty, D McMurtrie, RE Ryan, MG AF Murty, D McMurtrie, RE Ryan, MG TI Declining forest productivity in aging forest stands: A modeling analysis of alternative hypotheses SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Traveling Workshop on Interactive Environmental Effects on Forest Stands CY JAN 27-FEB 07, 1995 CL NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org DE forest decline; net primary productivity; nitrogen availability; photosynthetic efficiency; Pinus contorta; respiration; stand age; woody litter ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; EUCALYPT FORESTS; ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL; DECOMPOSITION; BIOMASS; GROWTH; CARBON AB Several explanations have been advanced to account for the decline in forest net primary productivity (NPP) with age in closed-canopy stands including the hypotheses that: (1) sapwood maintenance respiration rate increases, reducing the availability of carbon to support new growth; (2) stomatal conductance and hence photosynthetic efficiency decline; and (3) soil nutrient availability declines. To evaluate these hypotheses we applied the ecosystem model G'DAY to a 40- and a 245-year-old stand of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), growing on infertile soils. Net primary productivity estimated from biomass data was 0.47 and 0.25 kg C m(-2) year(-1) and foliar nitrogen/carbon ratio (N/C) was 0.0175 and 0.017 for the 40- and 245-year-old stands, respectively. Productivities of the young and old stands were derived from a graphical analysis of the G'DAY model. The graphical analysis also indicated that the observed age-related decline in NPP can be explained in terms of interacting processes associated with Hypotheses 2 and 3. However, the relative importance of these two hypotheses differed depending on key model assumptions, in particular those relating to variation in soil N/C ratio. Thus, if we assumed that soil N/C ratio can vary significantly during stand development, then Hypotheses 2 and 3 jointly explain the decline in NPP, whereas if we assumed that soil N/C ratios are constant, then Hypothesis 3 alone explains the decline in NPP. The analysis revealed that only a small fraction of the decline of NPP can be explained in terms of increasing sapwood respiration. C1 US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA. RP Murty, D (reprint author), UNIV NEW S WALES, SCH BIOL SCI, SYDNEY, NSW 2052, AUSTRALIA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 61 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 200 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TT024 UT WOS:A1996TT02400024 ER PT B AU Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC AF Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC BE Dean, JS Meko, DM Swetnam, TW TI Detection of a hurricane signal in baldcypress tree-ring chronologies SO TREE RINGS, ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity - Relationship and Processes CY MAY 17-21, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Natl Sci Fdn, Anthr Program, Human Dimens & Econ Global Change Prog, Natl Sci Fdn, Climate Dynam Program AB We present evidence that old-growth baldcypress tree-ring data from southern Louisiana contain a signal of past hurricane strikes. As have previous dendroclimatic studies on baldcypress tree-rings, we found that June Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was the most influential variable. Regression diagnostics from our dendroclimatic model indicate that the most influential data points related to parameter estimation are those years associated with a known hurricane strike. From the regression diagnostics it is clear that the most influential data points are associated with summer drought and hurricanes. The hurricane signal is most obvious for old-growth trees. Younger, more vigorous second-growth baldcypress trees do not appear to contain a hurricane signature. This difference in response occurs because old-growth baldcypress crowns are more severely damaged by hurricanes than are younger baldcypress. RP Reams, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIOCARBON PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT GEOSCIENCE 4717 E FT LOWELL ROAD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 BN 0-963831-42-9 PY 1996 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Geology GA BH54M UT WOS:A1996BH54M00022 ER PT B AU Sieg, CH Meko, D DeGaetano, AT Ni, W AF Sieg, CH Meko, D DeGaetano, AT Ni, W BE Dean, JS Meko, DM Swetnam, TW TI Dendroclimatic potential in the northern Great Plains SO TREE RINGS, ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity - Relationship and Processes CY MAY 17-21, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Natl Sci Fdn, Anthr Program, Human Dimens & Econ Global Change Prog, Natl Sci Fdn, Climate Dynam Program AB We evaluate the potential for dendroclimatological reconstruction in the northern Great Plains of the United States, based on a newly developed network of 23 chronologies of bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) from North Dakota, South Dakota and Iowa. Earliest dates of specimens are an 1281 for pine, 1597 for juniper, and 1676 for oak. The mean between-tree correlations of ring-width indices at the various sites range from 0.33 to 0.57. Computed values of the expressed population signal indicate that the number of trees sampled is adequate to capture the theoretical common-growth signal at 13 of the 23 sites. Correlations between tree-ring series and precipitation are higher on most sites for annual precipitation than for spring and summer precipitation, suggesting that ring-width variations reflect moisture conditions integrated over seasons. The 12-month grouping yielding highest precipitation-tree ring correlations is September of the previous year through August of the growth year. Sites with relatively high precipitation signals were found for each species, but a decrease in sample size for earlier years generally limits the period of reliable climatic inference from the widely distributed oak chronologies to the mid-1800s. The period of reliable inference for the western Dakotas (from pine and juniper) extends to the early 1600s, and could probably be extended to earlier centuries with additional collection. RP Sieg, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT STN,SOUTH DAKOTA SCH MINES & TECHNOL CAMPUS,RAPID CITY,SD 57701, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU RADIOCARBON PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT GEOSCIENCE 4717 E FT LOWELL ROAD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 BN 0-963831-42-9 PY 1996 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Geology GA BH54M UT WOS:A1996BH54M00025 ER PT B AU Smith, KT Shortle, WC AF Smith, KT Shortle, WC BE Dean, JS Meko, DM Swetnam, TW TI Tree biology and dendrochemistry SO TREE RINGS, ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity - Relationship and Processes CY MAY 17-21, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Natl Sci Fdn, Anthr Program, Human Dimens & Econ Global Change Prog, Natl Sci Fdn, Climate Dynam Program AB Dendrochemistry, the interpretation of elemental analysis of dated tree rings, can provide a temporal record of environmental change. Using the dendrochemical record requires an understanding of tree biology. In this review we pose four questions concerning assumptions that underlie recent cendrochemical research: 1) Does the chemical composition of the wood directly reflect that of the soil? 2) Can the analysis of individual rings pinpoint the specific year of environmental change? 3) Are differences in element concentration in the wood directly related to chemical differences in the sap? 4) Are samples selected for dendrochemistry free of the effects of tree injury and infection? We suggest methods to reduce the uncertainty from these assumptions. RP Smith, KT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU RADIOCARBON PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT GEOSCIENCE 4717 E FT LOWELL ROAD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 BN 0-963831-42-9 PY 1996 BP 629 EP 635 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Geology GA BH54M UT WOS:A1996BH54M00059 ER PT B AU Thomas, CE Latimer, SD Mills, OP Le, KHN AF Thomas, CE Latimer, SD Mills, OP Le, KHN BE Dean, JS Meko, DM Swetnam, TW TI Dendrochemistry of loblolly pine and cypress cores: Initial results for forest health monitoring SO TREE RINGS, ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity - Relationship and Processes CY MAY 17-21, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Natl Sci Fdn, Anthr Program, Human Dimens & Econ Global Change Prog, Natl Sci Fdn, Climate Dynam Program AB Dendrochemistry from tree cores provides the potential for a retrospective view of environmental pollution or condition. Changes in levels of inorganic chemicals could yield information on rates of change of growth and elemental levels in the environment. Costs of analyses for multiple elements and multiple years can escalate quickly. Development of methods that aggregate rings, preserve the sample for future analyses and characterize both nutrient and possible pollutant elements will provide an important baseline for monitoring changes in the chemical environment of important tree species in the South. We describe initial X-ray spectrochemical methods and analyses of core samples. Results from loblolly pine cores indicate some trends in calcium at levels consistent with other research. Cypress cores show the effect of a single-period pollution event. These results indicate the potential utility of X-ray methods for dendrochemistry. RP Thomas, CE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOCARBON PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT GEOSCIENCE 4717 E FT LOWELL ROAD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 BN 0-963831-42-9 PY 1996 BP 647 EP 658 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Geology GA BH54M UT WOS:A1996BH54M00061 ER PT B AU Brown, PM AF Brown, PM BE Dean, JS Meko, DM Swetnam, TW TI Oldlist: A database of maximum tree ages SO TREE RINGS, ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity - Relationship and Processes CY MAY 17-21, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Natl Sci Fdn, Anthr Program, Human Dimens & Econ Global Change Prog, Natl Sci Fdn, Climate Dynam Program AB OLDLIST is a computer database containing maximum ages of trees by species. The purpose of the database is to serve as a baseline for the maximum known ages of different species, in order that individual trees of exceptional ages may be recognized. A portion of the database listing the oldest trees of 30 different species is given here. The oldest species in the database is Pinus longaeva, with the oldest individual tree at 4844 yr old. The oldest angiosperm tree in the database is Quercus alba at 407 yr old. Interested scientists are invited to contribute to the database. RP Brown, PM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,TREE RING RES LAB,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIOCARBON PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT GEOSCIENCE 4717 E FT LOWELL ROAD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 BN 0-963831-42-9 PY 1996 BP 727 EP 731 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Geology GA BH54M UT WOS:A1996BH54M00068 ER PT B AU Gustafson, JP Flavell, RB AF Gustafson, JP Flavell, RB BE GuedesPinto, H Darvey, N Carnide, VP TI Control of nucleolar expression in triticale SO TRITICALE: TODAY AND TOMORROW SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Triticale Symposium CY JUN 13-14, 1994 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL SP Ctr Int Mejoramiento Maiz & Trigo, EUCARPIA, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Int Triticale Assoc, Junta Nacl Investigacao Cient & Tecnol, SEMUNDO, Univ Trs Montes & Alto Douro AB Ribosomal rRNA genes present in the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) are known to be expressed at different levels and some loci exhibit full or partial dominance over others. Nucleolar dominance is best seen in wide-hybrids like hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) where the wheat loci dominate over the rye (Secale cereale L.) NOR locus. A correlation appears to exist between the methylation of cytosine residues and the expression of a rRNA locus suggesting that a dominant locus would have a much reduced methylation pattern over a recessive locus The effect of rye NOR expression in tetraploid triticales containing various wheat and rye NOR loci was studied. The results showed that when both wheat chromosomes 1B and 6B were present, the rye NOR locus was methylated and suppressed. When either 1B or 6B were present, some minor rye activity was seen, and that a slightly higher degree of activity was observed in the absence of 1B versus 6B. When both 1B and 6B were absent, the rye locus was expressed as in rye. The data indicates that either one of the wheat rRNA loci will suppress rye rRNA loci. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4212-7 J9 DEV PLANT BREED PY 1996 VL 5 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BJ17P UT WOS:A1996BJ17P00011 ER PT J AU Mutch, RW Cook, WA AF Mutch, RW Cook, WA BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Restoring fire to ecosystems: Methods vary with land management goals SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00002 ER PT B AU Keane, RE Menakis, JP Hann, WJ AF Keane, RE Menakis, JP Hann, WJ BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Coarse-scale restoration planning and design in Interior Columbia River Basin ecosystems: An example for restoring declining whitebark pine forests SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00004 ER PT J AU Camp, AE Hessburg, PF Everett, RL AF Camp, AE Hessburg, PF Everett, RL BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Dynamically incorporating late-successional forest in sustainable landscapes SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00005 ER PT B AU Ottmar, RD Schaaf, MD Alvarado, E AF Ottmar, RD Schaaf, MD Alvarado, E BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Smoke considerations for using fire in maintaining healthy forest ecosystems SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,SEATTLE,WA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00006 ER PT J AU Parsons, DJ Botti, SJ AF Parsons, DJ Botti, SJ BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Restoration of fire in National Parks SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,MISSOULA,MT. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 29 EP 31 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00007 ER PT J AU Stewart, C AF Stewart, C BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Restoring historic landscape patterns through management: Restoring fire mosaics on the landscape SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,BITTERROOT NATL FOREST,USDA,STEVENSVILLE,MT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 49 EP 50 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00015 ER PT B AU Keane, RE Arno, SF AF Keane, RE Arno, SF BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Whitebark pine ecosystem restoration in western Montana SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,USDA,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 51 EP 53 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00016 ER PT B AU Weldon, LAC AF Weldon, LAC BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Dealing with public concerns in restoring fire to the forest SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,BITTERROOT NATL FOREST,STEVENSVILLE RANGER DIST,USDA,STEVENSVILLE,MT 59870. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 56 EP 58 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00018 ER PT J AU Means, JE Cissel, JH Swanson, FJ AF Means, JE Cissel, JH Swanson, FJ BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Fire history and landscape restoration in Douglas-Fir ecosystems of western Oregon SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00019 ER PT B AU Means, J Spies, T Chen, SH Kertis, J Teensma, P AF Means, J Spies, T Chen, SH Kertis, J Teensma, P BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Forests of the Oregon Coast Range - Considerations for ecological restoration SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 68 EP 71 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00020 ER PT J AU Atzet, T AF Atzet, T BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Fire regimes and restoration needs in southwestern Oregon SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,SISKIYOU NATL FOREST,USDA,GRANTS PASS,OR. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 74 EP 76 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00022 ER PT J AU Leuschen, TJ AF Leuschen, TJ BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Restoring fire to mixed conifer forests in the northern cascades SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,OKANOGAN NATL FOREST,USDA,TWISP,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00023 ER PT J AU Teensma, PD AF Teensma, PD BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Integrating fire management into land management planning for westside forests SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,OREGON STATE OFF,USDI,BLM,PORTLAND,OR 97208. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 81 EP 82 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00025 ER PT J AU Schmidt, RG AF Schmidt, RG BE Hardy, CC Arno, SF TI Can we restore the fire process? What awaits us if we don't? SO USE OF FIRE IN FOREST RESTORATION SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Session on the Use of Fire in Forest Restoration, at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ecological-Restoration CY SEP 14-16, 1995 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Ecol Restorat HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 341 BP 85 EP 86 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG19U UT WOS:A1996BG19U00026 ER PT S AU Corn, JL Barre, N Garris, GI Nettles, VF AF Corn, JL Barre, N Garris, GI Nettles, VF BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Potential impact of wildlife on the tropical bent tick eradication program in the Caribbean SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM ACARI; FRENCH-WEST-INDIES; PUERTO-RICO; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MIGRATING BIRDS; BUBULCUS-IBIS; IXODIDAE; CATTLE; HOSTS; GUADELOUPE C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, Dept Elevage & Med Vet, Pointe A Pitre 91785, Guadeloupe. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Anim Hlth Programs, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Corn, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53513.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700008 PM 8784488 ER PT S AU Bokma, BH AF Bokma, BH BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Puerto Rico tick program - Potential conversion to an integrated pest management program SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; CATTLE TICK; AUSTRALIA C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Bokma, BH (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, POB 71355, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53515.x PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700010 PM 8784490 ER PT S AU Johnson, WC Cluff, CW Goff, WL Wyatt, CR AF Johnson, WC Cluff, CW Goff, WL Wyatt, CR BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates and products from polyamine degradation are babesiacidal in vitro SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NITRIC-OXIDE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; L-ARGININE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; GROWTH-INHIBITION; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; CYTO-TOXICITY; CRISIS FORMS C1 ARS, USDA, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ADRU, 337 Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 48 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 136 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53520.x PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700015 PM 8784495 ER PT S AU Li, H Shen, DT O'Toole, D Davis, WC Knowles, DP Gorham, JR Crawford, TB AF Li, H Shen, DT O'Toole, D Davis, WC Knowles, DP Gorham, JR Crawford, TB BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Malignant catarrhal fever virus - Characterization of a United States isolate and development of diagnostic assays SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID ALCELAPHINE HERPESVIRUS-1; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PCR DETECTION; SHEEP; RUMINANTS; PROTEINS; EPITOPE; DNA C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Wyoming, State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Crawford, TB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 198 EP 210 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53526.x PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700021 PM 8784501 ER PT S AU Tabachnick, WJ Robertson, MA Murphy, KE AF Tabachnick, WJ Robertson, MA Murphy, KE BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Culicoides variipennis and bluetongue disease - Research on arthropod-borne animal diseases for control and prevention in the year 2000 SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CERATOPOGONIDAE; DIPTERA; VECTOR; VIRUS; POPULATIONS; INFECTION C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. The Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. RP Tabachnick, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53528.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700023 PM 8784503 ER PT S AU Ahl, AS AF Ahl, AS BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI The application of probabilistic scenario analysis for risk assessment of animal health in international trade SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Ahl, AS (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53533.x PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700028 PM 8784508 ER PT S AU Metcalf, HE Blackwell, JH Acree, JA AF Metcalf, HE Blackwell, JH Acree, JA BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Application of risk assessment to international trade in animals and animal products SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID IMPORTATION C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Ctr Import & Export, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Metcalf, HE (reprint author), 10347 Broom Lane, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 280 EP 295 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53535.x PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700030 PM 8784510 ER PT S AU Sheesley, DJ Greifer, JK AF Sheesley, DJ Greifer, JK BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Implications of international trade agreements for global animal health SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Trade Support Team, Int Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Sheesley, DJ (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Trade Support Team, Int Serv, 14th & Independence Ave SW,Room 1128,S Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 296 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53536.x PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700031 PM 8849173 ER PT S AU White, WR Crom, RL Walker, KD AF White, WR Crom, RL Walker, KD BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Assessment of the risk of introducing foot-and-mouth disease into Panama via a ferry operating between Cartagena, Colombia and Colon, Panama SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP White, WR (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 67, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53537.x PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700032 PM 8784511 ER PT S AU House, JA Stott, JL Blanchard, MT LaRocco, M Llewellyn, ME AF House, JA Stott, JL Blanchard, MT LaRocco, M Llewellyn, ME BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI A blocking ELISA for detection of antibody to a subgroup-reactive epitope of African horsesickness viral protein 7 (VP7) using a novel gamma-irradiated antigen SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID HORSE SICKNESS VIRUS; COMPETITIVE ELISA C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP House, JA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53540.x PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700035 PM 8784514 ER PT S AU House, C Alexander, KA Kat, PW O'Brien, SJ Mangiafico, J AF House, C Alexander, KA Kat, PW O'Brien, SJ Mangiafico, J BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Serum antibody to Rift Valley fever virus in African carnivores SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; OUTBREAK; KENYA C1 USDA, APHIS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NCI, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP House, C (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, NVSL, FADDL, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RI Alexander, Kathleen/A-9765-2010 OI Alexander, Kathleen/0000-0001-7338-5341 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53541.x PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700036 PM 8784515 ER PT S AU Popham, TW Garris, GI Barre, N AF Popham, TW Garris, GI Barre, N BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Development of a computer model of the population dynamics of Amblyomma variegatum and simulations of eradication strategies for use in the Caribbean SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID FRENCH-WEST-INDIES; PUERTO-RICO; IXODIDAE; ACARI; GUADELOUPE C1 USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Anim Hlth Programs, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, Inst Elevage & Med Vet Pays Trop, Pointe A Pitre 97165, Guadeloupe. RP Popham, TW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 1301 North Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 452 EP 465 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53554.x PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700049 PM 8784528 ER PT S AU Anderson, KL Moats, WA Rushing, JE OCarroll, J AF Anderson, KL Moats, WA Rushing, JE OCarroll, J BE Moats, WA Medina, MB TI Potential for oxytetracycline administration by four routes to cause drug residues in milk of lactating cattle SO VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Veterinary Drug Residues - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID TETRACYCLINE AB The potential for oxytetracycline (OTC) to cause milk residues above the FDA safe level was studied by administering OTC by 4 routes to lactating cows and measuring milk OTC concentrations over time using 2 analytical methods. Milk concentrations of OTC were determined from 18 lactating cows (6 cows per route) following administration of OTC by the intravenous (16.5 mg/kg once), intramuscular (11 mg/kg once), and intrauterine (2 grams once) routes. Milk was collected prior to and at twice daily milkings for 156 hours after OTC administration. Milk OTC was determined by an HPLC method and the Charm II test for tetracyclines. The intravenous and intramuscular routes were associated with considerable potential for violative milk residues. When OTC was administered orally at 5X the label dose for 3 days, milk OTC concentrations above the FDA safe level were not detected. Bulk milk samples from 5 dairies feeding oral chlortetracycline did not contain milk residues above the FDA safe level. C1 USDA ARS,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP Anderson, KL (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT FOOD ANIM & EQUINE MED,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3419-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 636 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BG65M UT WOS:A1996BG65M00007 ER PT S AU Moats, WA HarikKhan, R AF Moats, WA HarikKhan, R BE Moats, WA Medina, MB TI Rapid determination of tetracycline antibiotics in milk and tissues using ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography SO VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Veterinary Drug Residues - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CHELATE AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; OXYTETRACYCLINE RESIDUES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ANIMAL-TISSUES; SALMON MUSCLE; CHLORTETRACYCLINE; BOVINE; HPLC; PLASMA AB Most analytical procedures for tetracycline antibiotics include a clean-up step using solid-phase extraction. By use of ion-pairing with alkyl sulfonates, tetracyclines could be separated from interferences in sample extracts. Samples were extracted/deproteinized with HCl-acetonitrile. Acetonitrile was removed by evaporation or by adding hexane and methylene chloride and collecting the water layer. Residues could be concentrated on-line by injecting the water layer into the LC system and eluting with a gradient. They could also be concentrated by evaporation and analyzed by isocratic LC. For analysis, a Polymer Laboratories PLRP-S column was used. The LC mobile phases were H3PO4 or H3PO4-KH2PO4, mixtures with sodium decane sulfonate or sodium dodecylsulfate as ion-pairs, and acetonitrile. Recoveries were 70-100% depending on the compound and substrate. Limits of quantitation were about 20-50 ppb in tissues and 4-8 ppb in milk. RP Moats, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3419-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 636 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BG65M UT WOS:A1996BG65M00010 ER PT S AU HarikKhan, R Moats, WA AF HarikKhan, R Moats, WA BE Moats, WA Medina, MB TI Interfacing high-performance liquid chromatography with rapid screening kits for detection and measurement of beta-lactam residues SO VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Veterinary Drug Residues - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID MILK AB Liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods are important for the confirmation of beta-lactam antibiotic residues. A procedure for expediting these methods is described. This procedure integrates beta-lactam residue detection kits with the multiresidue automated HPLC cleanup method developed in our laboratory. Spiked milk was processed and subjected to reverse phase HPLC using a gradient program which concentrated the beta-lactams. Amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephapirin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, and penicillin G, eluted into five fractions which were then tested for activity using three screening kits. Quantification of the beta-lactams in the positive fractions was done using analysis HPLC methods. The HPLC cleanup method separated beta-lactam antibiotics from each other and from interferences in the matrix, and also concentrated the antibiotics, thus increasing the sensitivity of the kits. The procedure, extended for the analysis of fractions from spiked kidney and muscle, is useful for identifying and measuring beta-lactam antibiotics present in incurred milk and meat samples. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3419-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 636 BP 96 EP 107 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BG65M UT WOS:A1996BG65M00011 ER PT S AU Medina, MB AF Medina, MB BE Moats, WA Medina, MB TI Particle concentration fluorescence assays for rapid detection of trace levels of antibiotics SO VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Veterinary Drug Residues - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID LIGAND AB New approaches for detection of spectinomycin and penicillin G are presented in these studies. An aminoglycoside-binding protein (ABP) immobilized on polystyrene latex particles and spectinomycin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were utilized for the spectinomycin assay. A penicillin binding protein (PBP) labeled with FITC, and a betalactam covalently bound to particles were used for detection of penicillin G. The antibiotics in the samples were pre-incubated with the binding proteins prior to addition of spectinomycin-FITC or betalactam-particles. The excess reagents were drained and after washing the particles, the fluorescent labeled compounds captured by the particles were measured. The assays were designed for detection of spectinomycin at 0-50 ppb (parts per billion) and 0-25 ppb for penicillin G. These techniques can provide rapid and sensitive biochemical methods to detect antibiotics in foods of animal origin. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3419-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 636 BP 132 EP 143 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BG65M UT WOS:A1996BG65M00014 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Blagburn, BL AF Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Blagburn, BL TI Finding the cause of parasite-induced abortions in cattle SO VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRITRICHOMONAS-FETUS INFECTION; BOVINE TRICHOMONIASIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; TISSUE-SECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODY; DISEASE; HERDS; BULLS AB Determining which parasite is causing cows to abort on your client's farm is often difficult. Here discover the parasites that cause abortions and their specific characteristics. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU VETERINARY MEDICINE PUBL CO PI LENEXA PA 15333 W 95TH STREET, LENEXA, KS 66219 SN 8750-7943 J9 VET MED-US JI Vet. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 91 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TQ644 UT WOS:A1996TQ64400010 ER PT J AU Stegelmeier, BL Gardner, DR James, LF Panter, KE Molyneux, RJ AF Stegelmeier, BL Gardner, DR James, LF Panter, KE Molyneux, RJ TI The toxic and abortifacient effects of ponderosa pine SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abortion; cattle; dehydroabietic acid; isocupressic acid; pine needle; ponderosa pine ID BEEF-COWS; CARUNCULAR ARTERIES; NEEDLE ABORTION; RANGE CATTLE; INGESTION; PARTURITION; PREGNANCY AB Ponderosa pine needles cause abortion and a poorly described toxicosis when eaten by cattle. In previous trials, the abortifacient compound of pine needles was identified as isocupressic acid. At abortifacient doses, isocupressic acid caused no other toxicosis. However, other pine needle fractions, similar in composition to several commercially available rosin products, caused no abortion but were very toxic. The purpose of this study was to describe the toxicoses of ponderosa pine, compare its toxicity with other rosin and related pine products, and identify the toxin. Four groups of three pregnant beef cows each were treated with either ponderosa pine tips, rosin gum, dehydroabietic acid, or ground alfalfa. The cows treated with pine tips aborted, had retained placentas with endometritis, and developed both renal and neurologic lesions. The cattle treated with rosin gum or dehydroabietic acid did not abort but developed similar signs and lesions of intoxication. Clinical signs of intoxication included anorexia, mild rumen acidosis, dyspnea, paresis progressing to paralysis, and death. Clinical biochemical results, suggestive of renal, hepatic, and muscular disease, included azotemia, hypercreatinemia, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, and marked elevations of various serum enzymes. Histologically, all poisoned animals had nephrosis, vacuolation of basal ganglia neuropil with patchy perivascular and myelinic edema, and skeletal myonecrosis. The alfalfa-treated controls were normal. These findings suggest that ponderosa pine needles and tips are both abortifacient and toxic. Because the lesions caused by pine tips, rosin gum, and dehydroabietic acid are similar, toxicosis is most likely due to the diterpene abietane acids, common in all three. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Stegelmeier, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA TR220 UT WOS:A1996TR22000003 PM 8826003 ER PT S AU Levings, RL Wilbur, LA Evermann, JF Stoll, IR Starling, DE Spillers, CA Gustafson, GA McKeiman, AJ Rhyan, JC Halverson, DH Rosenbusch, RF AF Levings, RL Wilbur, LA Evermann, JF Stoll, IR Starling, DE Spillers, CA Gustafson, GA McKeiman, AJ Rhyan, JC Halverson, DH Rosenbusch, RF BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Abortion and death in pregnant bitches associated with a canine vaccine contaminated with bluetongue virus SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off DE abortion; death; canine vaccine; BTV RP Levings, RL (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,BIOL VIROL LAB,1800 DAYTON RD,BOX 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 219 EP 220 PG 2 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00034 PM 9119141 ER PT S AU Robinson, MM AF Robinson, MM BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Transmissible encephalopathies and biopharmaceutical production SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off DE TEs; biopharmaceuticals ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE; SCRAPIE AGENT; VIRUS-LIKE; INFECTIVITY; PURIFICATION; INACTIVATION; TISSUE; HEAT AB The use of post-mortem tissues as sources for the production of biologicals, vaccines and feedstuffs has led to the transmission or generation of transmissible encephalopathies in some recipients. For example, the use of pituitary-derived human growth hormone and gonadotropins has resulted in the transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to other humans [1], the use of formalin-inactivated sheep brain as a source for louping ill vaccine led to the transmission of scrapie to over 1,000 sheep from one vaccine lot [2], and the use of rendered products from ruminant carcasses in the domestic animal food chain led to the emergence and epizootic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom [3]. Infection with transmissible encephalopathies by iatrogenic or other mechanisms is difficult to predict or control. The characteristics of these pathogens do not permit easy detection, clearance, or inactivation in routine biopharmaceutical production environments. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Robinson, MM (reprint author), IAEA SEIBERSDORF LABS,AGR & BIOTECHNOL LAB,FAO,ANIM PROD UNIT,A-2444 SEIBERSDORF,AUSTRIA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00037 PM 9119144 ER PT S AU Detwiler, LA AF Detwiler, LA BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Sourcing pharmaceutical, biological and medical components from livestock in the United States SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off DE biopharmaceuticals US livestock AB The practice of using livestock as a source of pharmaceutical, biological and medicinal components is growing. Livestock donors may be kept in research-type settings where the majority of variables are controlled. Livestock or livestock by-products may originate from known farms where there is some input into management, or products may be obtained from random-source livestock at slaughter. In the case of random-source animals, little or no information may be available about the health status of the individual animal or the farm of origin. RP Detwiler, LA (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,320 CORP BLVD,ROBBINSVILLE,NJ 08691, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 243 EP 245 PG 3 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00038 PM 9119145 ER PT S AU Hellman, K Vincent, C Honstead, J Rohwer, R DeLustro, F Detwiler, L Egan, M Foster, L Gill, P Kozak, P Robinson, M Wright, G Ziomek, C AF Hellman, K Vincent, C Honstead, J Rohwer, R DeLustro, F Detwiler, L Egan, M Foster, L Gill, P Kozak, P Robinson, M Wright, G Ziomek, C BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Summary to breakout session F SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off C1 US FDA,CDER,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. COLLAGEN CORP,PALO ALTO,CA. USDA,APHIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,ADRU,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Hellman, K (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,5600 FISHERS LANE,HFZ-113,TRL 40E,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00045 ER PT J AU Perdue, ML Garcia, M Beck, J Brugh, M Swayne, DE AF Perdue, ML Garcia, M Beck, J Brugh, M Swayne, DE TI An Arg-Lys insertion at the hemagglutinin cleavage site of an H5N2 avian influenza isolate SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE hemagglutinin protein; avian influenza; genetic insertion; pathogenicity; virulence ID SUBTILISIN-LIKE ENDOPROTEASE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; H7 SUBTYPE; A-VIRUSES; PATHOGENICITY; VIRULENCE; CLEAVABILITY; CARBOHYDRATE; ATTENUATION AB Recent isolations of H5N2 subtype avian influenza (AI) viruses in North America have raised questions concerning their origin, transmission to commercial poultry, and potential for virulence. One ratite-origin isolate of low pathogenicity, A/emu/TX/39924/93 (H5N2), was subjected to a procedure that rapidly selects and/or amplifies highly pathogenic (HP) strains. The resulting highly virulent derivative had an altered hemagglutinin (HA) gene containing an additional six nucleotides at position 970-975 in the HA(1) coding region. This resulted in an arg-lys insertion near the proteolytic cleavage site of the HA protein. The remainder of the HA sequence differed by an additional seven amino acids from the parent. The HA precursor of the derivative, but not the parent, was readily cleaved during replication in cell culture without addition of trypsin. In experimentally infected chickens, the derivative produced lesions typical of highly pathogenic avian influenza. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) primer set was designed to amplify exclusively from molecules with the inserted six nucleotides. The set yielded product only from the selected derivative samples and not the parent. Thus, the levels of the HP variants in the parent stock were undetectable, or the insertion occurred rapidly during the selection process. RP Perdue, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1007/BF00370003 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA VF284 UT WOS:A1996VF28400009 PM 8879123 ER PT B AU Chen, YR Park, B Nguyen, M Huffman, RW AF Chen, YR Park, B Nguyen, M Huffman, RW BE Kammenos, PA Nickolay, B TI Instrumental system for on-line inspection of poultry carcasses SO VISION SYSTEMS: APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vision Systems - Applications CY JUN 13, 1996 CL BESANCON, FRANCE SP CNRS, Minist Def, Direct Gen Armement, Direct Rech & Technol, Essilor Paris, Univ Franche Comte, Besancon, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE spectral-imaging; camera; spectrophotometer; fiber-optics; NIR; quality; chicken; automation; real-time; pilot-scale C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2172-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2786 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1117/12.248571 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG32B UT WOS:A1996BG32B00014 ER PT J AU Singh, G VanGenuchten, MT Spencer, WF Cliath, MM Yates, SR AF Singh, G VanGenuchten, MT Spencer, WF Cliath, MM Yates, SR TI Measured and predicted transport of two s-triazine herbicides through soil columns SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AGGREGATED OXISOL; ATRAZINE; ADSORPTION; EQUILIBRIUM; DEGRADATION; DESORPTION AB Effluent concentration of chloride and two pesticides (prometon and atrazine) were measured during column displacement experiments at two water flow rates. A constant suction of approximately 1300 Pa was maintained in the packed soil columns which were positioned vertically on top of a vacuum chamber enclosing an automatic fraction collector. Measured breakthrough curves (BTC's) were analyzed in terms of two solute transport models: the standard two-parameter convection-dispersion equation (CDE), and a four-parameter two-site/two-region nonequilibrium model (TRM). Calculations obtained with the TRM model were found to be in better agreement with measured BTC's than predictions using the CDE model. Column retardation factors for prometon and artrazine calculated from equilibrium batch sorption coefficients were comparable to those estimated from the observed BTC's only when the nonequilibrium TRM model was used. C1 US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Singh, G (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,PESTICIDE & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,USDA ARS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 86 IS 1-4 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1007/BF00279151 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UE411 UT WOS:A1996UE41100010 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Locke, MA AF Reddy, KN Locke, MA TI Molecular properties as descriptors of octanol-water partition coefficients of herbicides SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DIPHENYL ETHER; SURFACE AREA; LOG-P; SOLUBILITIES; VOLUME AB Molecular modeling techniques were used to establish relationships between the octanol/water partition coefficient (K-ow) and molecular properties of 90 herbicides with several types of chemistry. The K-ow values were obtained from the literature. Various molecular properties were calculated by quantum mechanical methods using molecular modeling software. The quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of all herbicides showed that K-ow was dependent on bulk (van der Waals volume, VDWV) and electronic (dipole moment, mu; superdelocalizability of highest occupied molecular orbital, S-HOMO; nucleophilic superdelocalizability, S-N) properties, and the model explained 68% of the variation in K-ow. Herbicides were broadly divided into six families (ureas, acid amides, triazines, carbamates, diphenyl ethers, and dinitroanilines) based on structural similarities, and separate equations were established for each group. The QSAR models accounted for 74 to 98% of the variation in K-ow within these six groups. Applicability of these models was tested for some herbicides. The QSAR models produced estimates that correlate well with experimental values and appear to be specific to structurally similar compounds. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 86 IS 1-4 BP 389 EP 405 DI 10.1007/BF00279169 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UE411 UT WOS:A1996UE41100028 ER PT J AU Hollenbeck, KJ Schmugge, TJ Hornberger, GM Wang, JR AF Hollenbeck, KJ Schmugge, TJ Hornberger, GM Wang, JR TI Identifying soil hydraulic heterogeneity by detection of relative change in passive microwave remote sensing observations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FLOW; MOISTURE AB The ability of passive microwave remote sensing (PMRS) to assess soil moisture has been amply demonstrated. Building on the expertise, this research is a first attempt at obtaining near-surface soil hydraulic characteristics from PMRS. We show that relative change in surface soil moisture can de determined accurately from PMRS measurements of brightness temperature, given the commonly observed linear relationship between the two variables. Relative, rather than absolute, change within a series of PMRS images, obtained during a period of drying, is also a very useful statistic for filtering out the drydown heterogeneity caused by spatial variability in initial wetness rather than soil heterogeneity. We develop a test of soil heterogeneity based on the detection of deviations of relative change from the average rate in a series of images by more than the instrument error. With the test the existence of soil heterogeneity for a pair of images showing a drydown during the 1992 Hydrologic Atmospheric Pilot Experiment (HAPEX-Sahel) experiment can be proven. Areas of relatively fast or slow drying can be mapped. These areas coincide with geomorphological features and soil-type patterns that are expected to show the observed moisture dynamics. The variogram of relative change in the HAPEX images differs from those of brightness temperature, corroborating the rejection of the soil homogeneity hypothesis. Furthermore, the variogram indicates the existence of an effective correlation length much larger than that commonly observed in ground-based soil surveys. These findings encourage the use of PMRS for assessing soil hydraulic characteristics that are valid at a scale appropriate for hydrometeorological models. C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MICROWAVE SENSORS BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Hollenbeck, KJ (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CLARK HALL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1029/95WR02916 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA TN961 UT WOS:A1996TN96100014 ER PT J AU Schreiber, JD Smith, S Cooper, CM AF Schreiber, JD Smith, S Cooper, CM TI The occurrence, distribution, and remediation of transient pollution events in agricultural and silvicultural environments SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAWQ Interdisciplinary International Symposium on Uncertainty, Risk and Transient Pollution Events CY JUL 26-28, 1995 CL EXETER, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Water Qual DE agrichemical; ecosystems; ground water; management practices; pollution; runoff ID MISSISSIPPI DELTA; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; FILTER STRIPS; WATER-QUALITY; COTTON PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; SILTY SOILS; RUNOFF; NUTRIENT AB Transient pollution events occur in runoff from both agricultural and silvicultural environments. In agricultural runoff, transient pollution events may be associated with sediment, nutrients, and pesticides. Depending upon hydrological conditions, these events may be responsible for most of the yearly yield of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides, and may have a profound effect on the ecological health of streams and reservoirs, limiting seasonal primary productivity, changing the balance of functional groups, and altering reproductive cycles. Transient pollution events are most noticeable in surface runoff, but are also observable in shallow ground water. Such occurrences in both runoff and shallow ground water may be associated with natural seasonal events including the fall leaching of crop residues, or with cultural activities including the application of fertilizers and pesticides. In either case, rainfall distribution and intensity become important factors in the magnitude of the transient pollution event. Best management practices (BMPs) must be designed to remediate transient pollution in agricultural storm events. Not only must total storm agrichemical loading to aquatic ecosystems be reduced, but also the transient agrichemical concentration peaks occuring within the storm hydrograph. Copyright (C) 1996 1996 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd RP Schreiber, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,WATER QUAL & ECOL PROC RES UNIT,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 2 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0273-1223(96)00186-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA UQ551 UT WOS:A1996UQ55100003 ER PT J AU Davenport, TE Phillips, NJ Kirschner, BA Kirschner, LT AF Davenport, TE Phillips, NJ Kirschner, BA Kirschner, LT TI The watershed protection approach: A framework for ecosystem protection SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International IAWQ Specialized Conference and Symposia on Diffuse Pollution CY AUG 13-18, 1995 CL BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Assoc Water Qual DE ecosystem protection; ecosystem management; watershed protection AB From the ecosystem protection cocept the watershed protection approach is derived and its implementation by EPA outlined. Copyright (C) 1996 IAWQ. C1 INT JOINT COMMISS,WINDSOR,ON N9A 6T3,CANADA. NAT RESOURCE CONSERVAT SERV,CONSERVAT TECHNOL INFORMAT CTR,USDA,W LAFAYETTE,IN. RP Davenport, TE (reprint author), US EPA,CHICAGO,IL, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 4-5 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0273-1223(96)00209-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA UW049 UT WOS:A1996UW04900005 ER PT J AU Knight, SS Cooper, CM AF Knight, SS Cooper, CM TI Insecticide and metal contamination of a mixed cover agricultural watershed SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAWQ Interdisciplinary International Symposium on Uncertainty, Risk and Transient Pollution Events CY JUL 26-28, 1995 CL EXETER, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Water Qual DE fish; insecticides; metals; sediment; watersheds ID MISSISSIPPI; COMPONENTS AB Although pesticides used to control detrimental insects have changed since the wide spread use of highly persistent organochlorine insecticides in the 1940s through the 1970s, pesticides still present environmental problems. Random sampling of major watershed features of Otoucalofa Creek was conducted to study the distribution and concentration of residual and current use insecticides and metals in a mixed cover agricultural watershed. Samples of water, soil, sediment and fishes were taken from Otoucalofa Creek watershed and tested for 23 contaminants, including persistent organochlorine and current-use insecticides, PCBs and metals. Otoucalofa Creek watershed was chosen because of its location in the loess hills of northern Mississippi, USA, and the fact that its drainage includes 10,100 hectares of fcrest 6,100 hectares of rowcrops, 4,900 hectares of pasture, and the small town of Water Valley (pop. 4,147). The greatest concentrations of insecticides were found in fish, but the highest concentrations of metals were found in soil and sediments. Six of 7 metals and 11 of 15 insecticides tested were present in fish samples. Arsenic and mercury averaged 0.67 mu g/g and 0.31 mu g/g, respectively, in soil samples and 0.25 mu g/g and 0.03 mu g/g in sediment samples, but were in lower concentrations in fish tissue. Relatively high concentrations of zinc were found in soil and sediment. DDT and its metabolites averaged 118 ng/g in fish, averaged only 1.90 ng/g in sediments and were undetectable in soil. Contamination of water was dependent upon storm related discharge and is therefore a transient phenomenon. Water samples taken during normal flow had the lowest concentrations of both metals and insecticides. Storm now (High Stage) samples had significantly higher concentrations of insecticides and metals than did normal flow. Since arsenic is the only persistent contaminant still being applied to agricultural land, concentrations of residual insecticides should steadily decline. Current use insecticides were only detected seasonally and in extremely low concentrations, however, this transient, short term exposure, which may not have been as detrimental with less toxic organochlorine pesticides, is more significant with acutely toxic current use compounds. Copyright (C) 1996 IAWQ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd RP Knight, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,WATER QUAL & ECOL PROC RES UNIT,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 2 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0273-1223(96)00204-1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA UQ551 UT WOS:A1996UQ55100021 ER PT J AU Bouwer, H AF Bouwer, H TI Issues in artificial recharge SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse CY OCT 17-20, 1995 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP Int Assoc Water Qual, EU, EUREAU, FAO, WHO DE basins; clogging layer; groundwater recharge; health effects; pre-treatment; sewage effluent; soil-aquifer treatment; trenches; vadose-zone wells; water reuse; wells ID RAPID INFILTRATION; WASTEWATER; PROJECT AB Interest in artificial recharge with normal water and sewage effluent continues to increase. Issues discussed in this paper include recharge with infiltration basins, soil-aquifer treatment of sewage effluent, potable use of water from aquifers recharged with sewage effluent, nitrogen removal, pre-treatment of sewage effluent, disinfection, well recharge, clogging parameters, superchlorination, disinfection byproducts, vadose zone wells, seepage trenches, and constructed aquifers used as intermittent sand filters. Copyright (C) 1996 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Bouwer, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 20 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 10-11 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1016/0273-1223(96)00441-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA VB133 UT WOS:A1996VB13300042 ER PT J AU Vaughn, SF Spencer, GF AF Vaughn, SF Spencer, GF TI Synthesis and herbicidal activity of modified monoterpenes structurally similar to cinmethylin SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cinmethylin, exo-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-[(2-methylphenyl)methoxyl-7-oxabicyclo[ 2.2.1]-heptane; carvone, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclo-hexene-1-one; citronellol, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol; fenchone, 1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.l]heptan-2-on geraniol,; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol; pulegone, 5-methyl-2(l-methylethylidene)cyclohexanone; benzyl carvyl ether, 1-(phenylmethoxy)-2-methyl-5(1-methyleth; enyl-2-cyclohexene; benzyl citronellyl ether, 1-(phenylmethoxy) -3,7-dimethyl-6-octene; benzyl fenchyl ether, 2-(phenylmethoxy)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.l]heptane; benzyl geranyl ether, 1-(phenylmethoxy)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene; benzyl pulegyl ether, 1(phenylmethoxy)-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethylidene) cyclohexane; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus #3 ABUTH; corn, Zea mays L 'Dekalb IL 645-786'; soybeans, Glycine max (L) Merr 'Williams'; wheat, Triticum aestivum L 'Cardinal'; terpenoids; growth inhibition ID VOLATILE MONOTERPENES; INHIBITION; GROWTH AB The preemergence herbicide cinmethylin is a benzyl ether derivative of the monoterpene 1,4-cineole. Other oxygenated monoterpenes (carvone, citronellol, fenchone, geraniol, and pulegone) were previously found to inhibit the germination and growth of several weed species while exhibiting low phytotoxicity to soybean. Benzyl ether derivatives of these oxygenated monoterpenes were synthesized and examined for preemergence and postemergence activity towards corn, soybean, wheat, and velvetleaf. Benzyl pulegyl ether exhibited the most preemergence activity when applied directly to the soil, completely inhibiting wheat and velvetleaf emergence at 1.0 kg ha(-1) while reducing soybean emergence 80%. Several of the benzyl ethers were more inhibitory to velvetleaf radicle elongation relative to cinmethylin but less inhibitory to corn and wheat radicle elongation in petri dish bioassays. Several of the benzyl ethers exhibited limited postemergence activity when applied at 1.0 kg ha(-1) to seedlings of the test species 10 d after emergence. The benzyl ether derivatives demonstrated altered selectivity and sensitivity as compared to the parent compounds and cinmethylin. RP Vaughn, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UA331 UT WOS:A1996UA33100002 ER PT J AU Donald, WW Khan, M AF Donald, WW Khan, M TI Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) effects on yield components of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canada thistle; Cirsium arvense (L) CIRAR wheat; Triticum aestivum L; competition; interference; path correlation analysis; tillering ID WEED DENSITY; RELATIVE-TIME; PATH-ANALYSIS; WINTER-WHEAT; CROP YIELD; COMPETITION; EMERGENCE; EFFICACY; BROME AB The effect of Canada thistle on major yield components of spring wheat was characterized using path coefficient analysis, which provides insight concerning which yield components are most sensitive to Canada thistle competition. Increasing Canada thistle density decreased wheat stand in each of three years. Canada thistle also reduced spikes per plant and seed per spike to varying extents depending on year, but Canada thistle had comparatively little effect on wheat seed weight per 1000 seed. In the path coefficient model proposed, Canada thistle was assumed to reduce yield by directly reducing wheat yield components and through them, indirectly reducing yield. Path coefficient correlation analysis showed that Canada thistle reduced spring wheat yield chiefly by indirect effects of decreasing wheat density, the earliest formed yield component. Canada thistle reduced wheat density which, in turn, reduced wheat yield. These data suggest that Canada thistle must be controlled either before or shortly after wheat emergence if detrimental effects on wheat yield are to be minimized. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CSWQRU,244 AGR ENGN BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 114 EP 121 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UA331 UT WOS:A1996UA33100018 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Alaniz, MA Davis, MR Richerson, JV AF Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Alaniz, MA Davis, MR Richerson, JV TI Using spatial information technologies to map Chinese tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis) infestations SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chinese tamarisk; Tamarix chinensis Lour; TAACH; airborne video imagery; geographic information system; global positioning system; remote sensing AB This paper describes the application of airborne video data with global positioning system and geographic information system technologies for detecting and mapping Chinese tamarisk infestations in the southwestern United States. Study areas were along the Colorado River in southwestern Arizona, the Rio Grande River in extreme west Texas, and the Pecos River in west-central Texas. Chinese tamarisk could be readily distinguished on conventional color video imagery in late November when its foliage turned a yellow-orange to orange-brown color prior to leaf drop. The integration of the global positioning system with the video imagery permitted latitude/longitude coordinates of Chinese tamarisk infestations to be recorded on each image. The global positioning system latitude/longitude coordinates were entered into a geographic information system to map Chinese tamarisk populations along the three river systems. C1 SUL ROSS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ALPINE,TX 79831. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 13 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 194 EP 201 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UA331 UT WOS:A1996UA33100030 ER PT J AU Wiles, LJ Barlin, DH Schweizer, EE Duke, HR Whitt, DE AF Wiles, LJ Barlin, DH Schweizer, EE Duke, HR Whitt, DE TI A new soil sampler and elutriator for collecting and extracting weed seeds from soil SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elutriation; extraction; seedbanks; soil probe AB A soil sampler, elutriator, and associated sample flushing device were designed and constructed for an intensive study of weed seedbanks. This equipment was used in 1993 to collect and process 4980 soil samples. The sampler was durable, core size was consistent, and sampling was efficient, Cores were approximately 200 cm(3) and two people could take 120 cores/h. The elutriator separated weed seeds from 36 of these cores at a time. Washing required 60 to 75 min depending on soil texture. Seeds as small as 0.3 mm in diam were recovered and almost 100% of the seeds were recovered from samples spiked with barnyardgrass, redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, and witchgrass. The flushing device was used to transfer sample contents from strainers of the elutriator to propyltex bags for drying and storing. Equipment like this, plus improved technology for identifying and counting seeds, is needed to make weed seedbank studies more feasible. RP Wiles, LJ (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,AERC,USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 14 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UF103 UT WOS:A1996UF10300005 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL Lyon, DJ Tanaka, DL AF Anderson, RL Lyon, DJ Tanaka, DL TI Weed management strategies for conservation-tillage sunflower (Helianthus annuus) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE duration of weed control; erosion control; residue cover compliance; ethalfluralin; pendimethalin; trifluralin ID WHEAT; ROTATION; PLAINS; YIELD AB We compared applications of trifluralin or ethalfluralin granules incorporated with a sweep plow or pendimethalin (ec) applied without incorporation to incorporating trifluralin (ec) by tandem-disk harrowing for sunflower production, The study was established in winter wheat stubble at three sites in the northern and central Great Plains. Crop residues on the soil surface following sunflower planting was greater than 30% (level required to protect soil from erosion) with all conservation-titlage strategies, but not with disk incorporation. Weed control and sunflower seed yield with conservation-tillage strategies were similar to the disk incorporation practice, demonstrating that producers can use these strategies for sunflower production and to protect soil from erosion. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AKRON,CO 80702, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UF103 UT WOS:A1996UF10300008 ER PT J AU Forcella, F Banken, KR AF Forcella, F Banken, KR TI Relationships among green foxtail (Setaria viridis) seedling development, growing degree days, and time of nicosulfuron application SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GDD; growth model; yellow foxtail; SETFA; SETLU AB Success of postemergence weed management often depends upon application timing and weed seedling size. To develop a predictive tool for estimating green foxtail development and optimizing timing of management operations, seedling growth was monitored in fields for two years, as well as in a single greenhouse experiment, and compared with elapsed thermal time (growing degree days, GDD, base 10 C). The relationship between seedling height (mm) and GDD was similar both years and could be described by the following equation: Height = (- 0.27 + 0.033 * GDD)(2). A comparable equation described seedling growth in a greenhouse. Leaf number was linearly related to GDD. Green foxtail in corn was controlled with nicosulfuron applied at seven intervals between 100 and 450 GDD after corn planting in 1993 and 1994. In 1993 corn yield losses due to green foxtail interference were least when nicosulfuron was applied 200 to 300 GDD after planting, at which time green foxtail height was 50 to 100 mm. In 1994 corn yield losses were minimized if nicosulfuron was applied any time before 300 GDD. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,803 IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UF103 UT WOS:A1996UF10300009 ER PT J AU Richard, EP AF Richard, EP TI Sugarcane (Saccharum spp hybrids) tolerance to clomazone SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE application timing; crop injury; metribuzin; terbacil; SACOF ID HERBICIDES AB Field studies were conducted over four years to determine sugarcane response to clomazone applied POST at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ai/ha. Sugarcane leaves present when clomazone was applied were chlorotic 2 WAT. Injury 4 WAT ranged from 0 to 38% following single applications in Match and April. Chlorosis 4 wk after the May application of a March plus May sequential treatment was only greater than for the single March application in 1992. The number of harvestable sugarcane stalks following treatments with clomazone was intermediate between those produced with standard applications of either metribuzin at 2.6 kg ai/ha (least injurious) or terbacil as a single treatment at 1.8 kg ai/ha in March and April or as a 1.8 plus 0.9 kg/ha March plus May sequential treatment. Sugar recovery as an average of all herbicide treatments was lower for the sequential applications than for the single applications. Averaged over single and sequential treatments, theoretically recoverable sugar levels with clomazone at both rates was intermediate between the recoveries obtained with standard applications of metribuzin (highest) and terbacil. Gross cane and sugar yields following all applications of clomazone at 1.1 kg/ha and following single applications of clomazone at 2.2 kg/ha in March and April were similar to the metribuzin standard. Sugar yields following the sequential treatment of clomazone at 2.2 kg/ha, although lower than the metribuzin standard, were similar to the standard terbacil sequential treatment. RP Richard, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UF103 UT WOS:A1996UF10300014 ER PT J AU Ko, RJ Greenwald, MS Loscutoff, SM Au, AM Appel, BR Kreutzer, RA Haddon, WF Jackson, TY Boo, FO Presicek, G AF Ko, RJ Greenwald, MS Loscutoff, SM Au, AM Appel, BR Kreutzer, RA Haddon, WF Jackson, TY Boo, FO Presicek, G TI Lethal ingestion of Chinese herbal tea containing ch'an su SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDICINE KYUSHIN; DIGOXIN; INTOXICATION; SUBSTANCE; TOXICITY; DOG C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT DIS CONTROL,SACRAMENTO,CA 94234. SAN FRANCISCO CITY & CTY MED EXAMINERS OFF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. USDA ARS,SACRAMENTO,CA. RP Ko, RJ (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,FOOD & DRUG BRANCH,DIV FOOD DRUG & RADIAT SAFETY,601 N 7TH ST,MS-357,SACRAMENTO,CA 94234, USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIFORNIA PHYSICIAN MAGAZINE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O DONNA TAYLOR, EDITOR, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102-7690 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 164 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TR290 UT WOS:A1996TR29000036 PM 8779214 ER PT J AU Allen, L Engeman, R Krupa, H AF Allen, L Engeman, R Krupa, H TI Evaluation of three relative abundance indices for assessing dingo populations SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; MOVEMENTS AB Three methods of assessing relative abundance of wild canids were evaluated on a population of dingoes, Canis lupus dingo (Corbett), on a cattle station in south-western Queensland. The tested indices relied on measurements of activity based on spoor. Two of the techniques attracted the target species to tracking stations through the use of a novel (fatty acid scent) or food-based (buried meat) attractant. The third index (activity) measured the number of dingo tracks crossing tracking stations placed at 1-km intervals along a road transect. All three indices had a high level of agreement for detecting differences in relative abundance, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.85. When the stations were analysed in 1-km segments, the activity index proved the most sensitive, producing proportionally more positive responses than either of the other two indices irrespective of whether the tracking stations were assessed at 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-day intervals. Inconsistencies between indices existed, with the derived abundance indices not showing the anticipated reduction following population reduction. The effect of season and the interaction between dingo activity and index methodology are discussed. C1 USDA,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP Allen, L (reprint author), DEPT LANDS,LANDS PROTECT BRANCH,ALAN FLETCHER RES STN,POB 36,SHERWOOD,QLD 4075,AUSTRALIA. NR 24 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 13 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 1996 VL 23 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1071/WR9960197 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA UH878 UT WOS:A1996UH87800006 ER PT B AU Kennedy, E AF Kennedy, E BE Waterhouse, AL Rantz, JM TI The implications of the 1995 Dietary Guidelines for the USDA Food Guide Pyramid SO WINE IN CONTEXT: NUTRITION - PHYSIOLOGY - POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wine and Health - Wine in Context: Nutrition, Physiology, Policy CY JUN 24-25, 1996 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Soc Enol & Viticulture AB Law requires the Secretaries of Agriculture and Health and Human Services to publish jointly, every five years, a report entitled, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The Dietary Guidelines provide advice for healthy Americans ages two years and older about food choices that promote health and decrease the risk of chronic disease. For the first time, in 1995, the guideline emphasizes both diet and physical activity. In addition, the weight guideline now stresses weight maintenance as well as weight loss. In the 1995 Dietary Guidelines for Alcohol, the tone is less negative, and the discussion in the Dietary Guidelines Bulletin mentions that moderate alcohol intake may enhance enjoyment of meals. RP Kennedy, E (reprint author), USDA,CTR NUTR POLICY & PROMOT,1120 20TH ST NW,STE 200,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY ENOLOGY & VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 BN 0-9630711-3-0 PY 1996 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BH55C UT WOS:A1996BH55C00018 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE Lebow, PK AF Winandy, JE Lebow, PK TI Kinetic models for thermal degradation of strength of fire-retardant-treated wood SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fire retardant; treatment; plywood; lumber; thermal degrade; modeling; kinetics AB Several types of kinetics-based thermal degradation models were evaluated to predict strength loss of fire-retardant-treated wood as a function of cumulative thermal exposure. The data were taken from previous tests and reports on small, clear specimens of southern pine treated with six different fire-retardant chemicals and subjected to various durations of a steady-state exposure at different temperatures and relative humidity levels. We found that the single-stage full model approach was superior to traditional two-stage approaches. When constrained to using a two-stage approach, the best alternative two-stage model was a nonlinear model with additive error for each temperature, followed by a weighted regression across temperatures. The advantages of the nonlinear-weighted two-stage model were the maximized fit and more random error structure when compared to other two-stage models. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1 BP 39 EP 52 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TU265 UT WOS:A1996TU26500006 ER PT J AU Lebow, PK Brunner, CC Maristany, AG Butler, DA AF Lebow, PK Brunner, CC Maristany, AG Butler, DA TI Classification of wood surface features by spectral reflectance SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE principal-component analysis; discriminant analysis; classification; spectral reflectance; color; Douglas-fir; wood ID PRINCIPAL-COMPONENT ANALYSIS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; COLOR; VISION; VENEER; MODELS AB A database of spectral-reflectance curves of Douglas-fir veneer surface features is presented and analyzed via principal-component analysis. The paper describes how such analysis can be used to model and classify the spectral-reflectance curves by feature type. For modeling (curve-reconstruction) purposes, three principal components were sufficient by most criteria. For classification purposes, seven principal components achieved classification accuracies (with quadratic discriminant analysis) on the order of 99%, comparable to the accuracies achieved with the raw spectral data. The best seven principal components were not those associated with the largest variation in the data. This paper suggests how comparable classification accuracies might be achieved in a system operating at production speeds in a mill. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST PROD, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT STAT, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP Lebow, PK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1 BP 74 EP 90 PG 17 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TU265 UT WOS:A1996TU26500009 ER PT J AU Eroshin, VK Dedyukhina, EG Chistyakova, TI Zhelifonova, VP Kurtzman, CP Bothast, RJ AF Eroshin, VK Dedyukhina, EG Chistyakova, TI Zhelifonova, VP Kurtzman, CP Bothast, RJ TI Arachidonic-acid production by species of Mortierella SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arachidonic acid; fatty acids; fungi; lipids; Mortierella ID FATTY-ACIDS; TAXONOMIC VALUE; DIPODASCACEAE; EICOSANOIDS; ALPINA AB A growth-inhibiting, aspirin-containing medium was developed to select arachidonic-acid-(ARA)-producing Mortierella species and to determine the fatty-acid content of 87 Mortierella strains. ARA was detected in 66 strains from 33 species and its production may prove useful for systematic studies on Mortierella spp. The ARA content of the 66 producing strains tested ranged from 4% to 55% of total lipids. Most of the ARA-producing strains of Mortierella (59 strains) grown on potato/glucose/agar synthesized < 20% ARA. Four strains produced between 20% and 25% ARA and three produced > 40%. An inverse relationship was observed between ARA and oleic-acid contents. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST BIOCHEM & PHYSIOL MICROORGANISMS,PUSHCHINO 142292,RUSSIA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 9 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1007/BF00327809 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TW259 UT WOS:A1996TW25900020 PM 24415097 ER PT S AU Sheffield, SS AF Sheffield, SS BE Brumfield, RG TI The horticulture sector of the former Soviet Union SO XIIITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HORTICULTURAL ECONOMICS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Symposium on Horticultural Economics CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL RUTGERS, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ SP Farm Fdn, Rutgers State Univ New Jersey, Int Soc Hort Sci HO RUTGERS DE horticultural trade; horticultural commodities; Russia AB The breakup of the USSR at the end of 1991 and the subsequent implementation of market reforms have had a profound effect on production, consumption, and trade of horticultural products (namely potatoes, vegetables, fruits, berries, and grapes) in the 15 independent countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU). Market reforms in most of these countries have been characterized to varying degrees by price liberalization, privatization, fiscal and monetary reforms, and reduced state control of marketing and trade. Since 1992, horticultural production has become concentrated in private plots and gardens, and marketing of these commodities is increasingly taking place outside of state channels. Production of most horticultural products has decreased, except of potatoes, as yields have fallen primarily due to adverse weather. Lower vegetable yields may also reflect a change in the production mix to those products for which demand is highest. Although reduced purchasing power due to price liberalization led to lower per capita consumption of livestock products, consumption of most horticultural products has remained stable, or in the case of potatoes, increased. The breakdown of the centralized trade system has lowered inter-republic (that is, trade between the 15 FSU countries) horticulture trade, although official trade data most likely overstate this drop. Since 1994, Russia, the primary food importer in the region, has increased imports of many horticultural products, especially fruits. Changes in consumer preferences, trade liberalization, and a real appreciation of the ruble against the U.S. dollar since 1993 are the main factors driving this increase. At the same time, Russia has also introduced import tariffs on these products, ranging from 5-30 percent of the customs value. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Sheffield, SS (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1301 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-768-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1996 IS 429 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26W UT WOS:000071639100003 ER PT S AU Fernandez-Cornejo, J Jans, S AF Fernandez-Cornejo, J Jans, S BE Brumfield, RG TI The economic impact of IPM adoption for orange producers in California and Florida SO XIIITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HORTICULTURAL ECONOMICS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Symposium on Horticultural Economics CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL RUTGERS, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ SP Farm Fdn, Rutgers State Univ New Jersey, Int Soc Hort Sci HO RUTGERS DE Integrated Pest Management; pesticides; technology adoption AB California and Florida are major orange producing states and account for more than 95 percent of U.S. orange production. This paper analyzes the impact of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) on pesticide use, yields, and producer profits for orange growers in California and Florida. The paper uses a methodology which accounts for self selectivity and simultaneity and is theoretically consistent with a restricted profit function. Preliminary results indicate that no significant differences exist between IPM adopters and nonadopters when measuring yields, profits, and insecticide applications. However, nonadopters were substantially more likely to be engaged in off-farm labor activities than adopters, reflecting the intensive management needs of IPM and suggesting that off-farm work may be an important barrier to LPM adoption. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Fernandez-Cornejo, J (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1301 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-768-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1996 IS 429 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26W UT WOS:000071639100042 ER PT J AU Wollenweber, E Mann, K Roitman, JN AF Wollenweber, E Mann, K Roitman, JN TI C-methyl flavones from the leaf wax of Leptospermum laevigatum (Myrtaceae) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Leptospermum laevigatum; Myrtaceae; leaf wax; flavonoid aglycones; C-methyl flavones AB Flavonoid aglycones were detected as minor constituents of the leaf wax of the Myrtaceae Leptospermum laevigatum. They belong to the rarely encountered C-methyl flavonoids. One of them is a new natural product, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxy-6-C-methyl flavone. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Wollenweber, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,D-64287 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 10 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TZ530 UT WOS:A1996TZ53000002 ER PT J AU Berhow, MA Smolensky, D AF Berhow, MA Smolensky, D TI Developmental and substrate specificity of hesperetin-7-O-glucosyltransferase activity in Citrus limon tissues using high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrus limon; lemon; flavonoids; glucosyltransferase; hesperetin ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; UDP-GLUCOSE; GLYCOSIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; GRAPEFRUIT SEEDLINGS; EXOGENOUS FLAVANONES; NARINGIN; PURIFICATION; PARADISI; FRUITS; AURANTIUM AB The production of glycosylated flavonoids during plant development was investigated by the analysis of glycosyltransferase activity in various citrus plant tissues. A routine method for the separation of flavonoid glucosyltransferase substrates and products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to allow their accurate assay in extracts from plant tissues down to levels of less than 0.5 mu g per injection. Cell-free extracts were prepared from developing leaves and flowers of lemon for these assays and ethyl acetate extracts of the assays were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. The flavanones naringenin and hesperetin, the flavones apiginin and crysin, and the flavonols morin and kaempferol were shown to be glycosylated by the enzyme. The activities were slightly enhanced by the addition of metal ions. Hesperetin 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity was evaluated in young, developing flowers and leaves of lemon trees. The levels varied 30-fold from flower parts (low) to 4 cm leaves (high). RP Berhow, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC 29 PY 1995 VL 112 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(95)04253-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA TQ410 UT WOS:A1995TQ41000002 ER PT J AU LUCAS, WJ BOUCHEPILLON, S JACKSON, DP NGUYEN, L BAKER, L DING, B HAKE, S AF LUCAS, WJ BOUCHEPILLON, S JACKSON, DP NGUYEN, L BAKER, L DING, B HAKE, S TI SELECTIVE TRAFFICKING OF KNOTTED1 HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN AND ITS MESSENGER-RNA THROUGH PLASMODESMATA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; CELLS; FATES AB Plasmodesmata are intercellular organelles in plants that establish cytoplasmic continuity between neighboring cells. Microinjection studies showed that plasmodesmata facilitate the cell-to-cell transport of a plant-encoded transcription factor, KNOTTED1 (KN1). KN1 can also mediate the selective plasmodesmal trafficking of kn1 sense RNA. The emerging picture of plant development suggests that cell fate is determined at least in part by supracellular controls responding to cellular position as well as lineage. One of the mechanisms that enables the necessary intercellular communication appears to involve transfer of informational molecules (proteins and RNA) through plasmodesmata. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV BIOL SCI,PLANT BIOL SECT,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 26 TC 488 Z9 515 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 22 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 5244 BP 1980 EP 1983 DI 10.1126/science.270.5244.1980 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TL420 UT WOS:A1995TL42000038 PM 8533088 ER PT J AU Russell, CA Walthall, CL Irons, JR deColstoun, ECB AF Russell, CA Walthall, CL Irons, JR deColstoun, ECB TI Comparison of airborne and surface spectral bidirectional reflectance factors, spectral hemispherical reflectance and spectral vegetation indices SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FIFE SITE; ALBEDO; SATELLITE; NADIR; CANOPIES AB Six sets of airborne advanced solid-state array spectroradiometer (ASAS) and ground modular multiband radiometer (MMR) remotely sensed bidirectional measurements acquired over one First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment site in 1987 and 1989 were compared for the following parameters: bidirectional spectral reflectance factor, spectral hemispherical reflectance, simple ratio, and normalized difference vegetation index. ASAS at-sensor radiances were atmospherically corrected and converted to surface reflectance factors. Selected MMR bands were simulated with ASAS data, and hemispherical reflectance for both ground and airborne data sets was estimated using data collected only in or close to the solar principal plane. The shapes of the reflectance factor response curves (as a function of view zenith angle) were strongly affected by solar zenith angle and compared well between instruments. Off-nadir anisotropy in reflectance factors was comparable between sensors, while actual values of reflectance factors differed 2-35% relative between instruments in the green channel and 0-38% relative in the red channel. For the data set giving the overall closest agreement, ASAS reflectance factors differed from MMR values by 5-17% relative (0.3-1.8% absolute) in the green and 5-10% relative (0.2-0.5% absolute) in the red. These differences showed no correlation with solar zenith angle. Some of the differences were arbitrarily introduced by the 5 degrees offset in view zenith angles (except nadir) between the two instruments. Other differences were caused by the discrepancy in solar zenith angle for some of the sets, variable deviations from the solar principal plane, hotspot and associated shadowing effects not consistently recorded by both instruments, and sampled ground area variations. Estimates of hemispherical reflectance compared very well between sensors, with differences of only 3-14% relative (0.3-1.6% absolute) in the green and 11-27% relative (0.8-2.4% absolute) in the red. For the ASAS data, using atmospherically corrected reflectance factors (instead of at-sensor radiances) significantly increased the values of the spectral vegetation indices (SVIs). Off-nadir anisotropy for the SVIs derived from both sensors' data sets was less than that observed for the bidirectional reflectance factors, and NDVI off-nadir deviations were much less than those of the simple ratio (SR). Large differences in the values of SR and NDVI between sensors indicate SVIs calculated from broadband (MMR) versus narrowband (ASAS) data are not comparable. C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, REMOTE SENSING RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC, SEABROOK, MD USA. RP Russell, CA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT GEOG, GLOBAL REMOTE SENSING STUDIES LAB, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RI Irons, James/D-8535-2012 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 25509 EP 25522 DI 10.1029/95JD01643 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100013 ER PT J AU deColstoun, ECB Walthall, CL Russell, CA Irons, JR AF deColstoun, ECB Walthall, CL Russell, CA Irons, JR TI Estimating the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) at FIFE with airborne bidirectional spectral reflectance data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FIELD EXPERIMENT FIFE; HEMISPHERICAL REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION INDEX; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; SENEGALESE SAHEL; CORN CANOPIES; WINTER-WHEAT AB The relationship between the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (f(APAR)) and spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) is affected by various factors, including background effects and the view zenith angle of the sensor. This study investigated the effects of estimating f(APAR) from multiple off-nadir airborne measurements acquired by the advanced solid-state array spectroradiometer (ASAS) during the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project Field Experiment. Using atmospherically corrected data, f(APAR) was estimated with both directional SVIs (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and simple ratio (SR)) and PAR hemispherical reflectance (R(PAR)) calculated from PAR bidirectional reflectance factors for the seven viewing angles of ASAS. Very weak linear relationships were found between the ground-measured total f(APAR) values and ASAS measurements, assumed to be due to the presence of varying amounts of senescent plant materials in the canopy. Exclusion of data collected in October when the canopy was fully senescent somewhat improved these relationships. However, correction of total f(APAR) values by the fraction of green vegetation present (green f(APAR)) provided substantial improvement. For both SVIs the highest coefficients of determination (r(2) = 0.839 for NDVI; r(2) = 0.890 for SR) were found at 15 degrees in the backscattering direction decreasing to minimum values at +/-45 degrees, a trend thought to be associated with the effect of canopy structure on the SVIs. Although R(PAR) was not strongly correlated with either the total or the green f(APAR), it was related to the independently measured PAR flux reflected from the canopy indicating a potential for deriving PAR hemispherical reflectance from directional measurements for natural cover types such as grasslands. C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, BIOSPHER SCI BRANCH, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. USDA ARS, REMOTE SENSING RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP deColstoun, ECB (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT GEOG, GLOBAL REMOTE SENSING STUDIES LAB, 1113 LEFRAK HALL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RI Irons, James/D-8535-2012 NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 25523 EP 25535 DI 10.1029/95JD01045 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100014 ER PT J AU Neff, JC Keller, M Holland, EA Weitz, AW Veldkamp, E AF Neff, JC Keller, M Holland, EA Weitz, AW Veldkamp, E TI Fluxes of nitric oxide from soils following the clearing and burning of a secondary tropical rain forest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; SAVANNA; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; NO AB At sites in the Atlantic Lowlands of Costa Rica, clearing and burning of a secondary tropical rain forest caused a significant increase in soil nitric oxide (NO) emissions. Soil-atmosphere NO fluxes averaged 0.5 ng N cm(-2) hr(-1) prior to clearing and increased to 4.1 ng N cm(-2) hr(-1) following clearing and to greater than 12.0 ng N cm(-2) hr(-1) following burning. Soil NO emissions were elevated for a period of 3-4 months following clearing, and fluxes peaked for 1-3 days following burning. We conducted a series of experiments with intact soil cores to determine the probable mechanism responsible for elevated NO emissions from soils. In one set of experiments we added substrates for microbial nitrification (ammonium), denitrification (nitrate), and chemical denitrification (nitrite) to autoclaved (killed) and nonautoclaved (live) soil cores. Water-only additions were used as controls. Compared to water or nitrate additions, ammonium caused a significant increase in NO emissions from live cores. Water, ammonium, and nitrate additions had no effect on emissions from autoclaved cores. Nitrite solution additions resulted in highly significant increases in NO emissions from both autoclaved and nonautoclaved soil cores. In a second set of experiments we treated intact soil cores with acetylene (1 kPa C2H2) to selectively inhibit nitrification and oxygen to inhibit denitrification. The oxygen treatment had no effect on NO production while acetylene significantly reduced NO emissions. The results from the substrate addition and inhibition experiments demonstrate that microbial denitrification is not a major pathway for NO production in these soils. In contrast, microbial nitrification appears to be a critical process responsible for NO emissions throughout the clearing and burning period. Field experiments with acetylene as an inhibitor show that immediately following burning, chemical denitrification of nitrite deposited in ash supports a large peak in NO fluxes. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. US FOREST SERV, INT INST TROP FORESTRY, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA. ORG TROP STUDIES, LA SELVA BIOL RES STN, MIAMI, FL 33151 USA. RI Veldkamp, Edzo/A-6660-2008; Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 25913 EP 25922 DI 10.1029/95JD02027 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100045 ER PT J AU KOUMENIS, IL VESTAL, ML YERGEY, AL ABRAMS, S DEMING, SN HUTCHENS, TW AF KOUMENIS, IL VESTAL, ML YERGEY, AL ABRAMS, S DEMING, SN HUTCHENS, TW TI QUANTITATION OF METAL ISOTOPE RATIOS BY LASER-DESORPTION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STABLE ISOTOPES; ZINC-ABSORPTION; IONIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; MAGNESIUM; NUTRITION; CALCIUM; INFANTS; PROBE AB Laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD/TOF-MS) is evaluated for the determination of stable metal isotope ratios, The isotope ratios of five metal ions (Cu, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn) in atomic absorption standard solutions and two metal ions (Ca, Mg) in human serum samples are determined. With an existing LD/TOF-MS instrument we show that the technique can overcome the difficulties of the most commonly used methods for measuring metal isotope ratios: (1) all metals are ionizable without surface treatment, thus overcoming the major drawback of thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS); (2) there is no matrix involved to interfere with the metal ion detection, thus overcoming the major disadvantage of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS); (3) there is no interference from hydride ions, a major disadvantage of fast atom bombardment secondary ionization mass spectrometry; (4) a mixture of metals can be detected simultaneously using a single laser wavelength, overcoming the major disadvantage of resonance ionization mass spectrometry; (5) accuracy and precision comparable to ICPMS can be achieved with the current instrumentation; (6) precision comparable to TIMS is feasible; and most importantly (7) high precision can be achieved on very small quantities of material because the LD/TOF-MS instrument permits all masses to be monitored simultaneously and very small differences in isotope ratio can be detected. C1 NICHHD,THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. VESTEC CORP,HOUSTON,TX 77054. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,PROT STRUCT LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77004. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R43-HD29334-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK 438 50-01] NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 24 BP 4557 EP 4564 DI 10.1021/ac00120a020 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TK585 UT WOS:A1995TK58500020 PM 8633789 ER PT J AU Goudie, CA Liu, QH Simco, BA Davis, KB AF Goudie, CA Liu, QH Simco, BA Davis, KB TI Genetic relationship of growth, sex and glucosephosphate isomerase-B phenotypes in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; RAPID GROWTH; HETEROZYGOSITY; EXPLANATIONS AB Growth of fish has been associated with the phenotypes of specific biochemical genetic loci, although the correlation of growth with sex-specific loci has not been routinely studied, In a previous study in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), glucose phosphate isomerase-B (GPI-B) was linked with the sex-determining gene (SDG) with a recombination frequency of 15.2%. Growth performance related to sex and GPI-B phenotypes was investigated in five experimental matings of channel catfish, The association of sex and GPI-B with growth, differences in growth among GPI-B phenotypes, and the degree of linkage with growth between sex and GPI-B were evaluated by ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (P < 0.05). Significant growth differences were found between males and females in all families examined; males outweighed females by 36%, confirming observations from earlier studies. The phenotypes of GPI-B were also associated with growth; however, heterozygotes at GPI-B exhibited higher relative weight than homozygotes only when the paternal parent was heterozygous, indicating that the heterozygosity of this allozyme did not directly induce the observed growth advantage. No growth advantage of heterozygosity in GPI-B was observed when recombination occurred between GPI-B and SDG; male and female recombinants had similar or lower relative weights compared to offspring with parental genotypes. These data indicate that sex is more tightly linked with growth-related gene(s) than GPI-B phenotypes, and no evidence supported direct involvement of GPI-B in growth of channel catfish. C1 MEMPHIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,DIV ECOL & ORGANISMAL BIOL,ECOL RES CTR,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP Goudie, CA (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES & EDUC SERV,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,POB 38,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(95)01077-7 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TP129 UT WOS:A1995TP12900011 ER PT J AU OOSUMI, T BELKNAP, WR GARLICK, B AF OOSUMI, T BELKNAP, WR GARLICK, B TI MARINER TRANSPOSONS IN HUMANS SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 SILICON GRAPH,MT VIEW,CA 94039. RP OOSUMI, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009 NR 10 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 14 PY 1995 VL 378 IS 6558 BP 672 EP 672 DI 10.1038/378672a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TK379 UT WOS:A1995TK37900037 PM 7501013 ER PT J AU Caldecott, KW Tucker, JD Stanker, LH Thompson, LH AF Caldecott, KW Tucker, JD Stanker, LH Thompson, LH TI Characterization of the XRCC1-DNA ligase III complex in vitro and its absence from mutant hamster cells SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; BLOOMS SYNDROME LYMPHOCYTES; STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; PIGMENTOSUM GROUP-F; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DNA; GENE; SENSITIVITY; BINDING; ERCC1 AB The human DNA repair protein XRCC1 was overexpressed as a histidine-tagged polypeptide (denoted XRCC1-His) in Escherichia coli and purified in milligram quantities by affinity chromatography. XRCC1-His complemented the mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell line EM9 when constitutively expressed from a plasmid or when introduced by electroporation. XRCC1-His directly interacted with human DNA ligase III in vitro to form a complex that was resistant to 2 M NaCl. XRCC1-His interacted equally well with DNA ligase III from Bloom syndrome, HeLa and MRC5 cells, indicating that Bloom syndrome DNA ligase III is normal in this respect. Detection of DNA ligase III on far Western blots by radiolabelled XRCC1-His indicated that the level of the DNA ligase polypeptide was reduced similar to 4-fold in the mutant EM9 and also in EM-C11, a second member of the XRCC1 complementation group. Decreased levels of polypeptide thus account for most of the similar to 6-fold reduced DNA ligase III activity observed previously in EM9. Immunodetection of XRCC1 on Western blots revealed that the level of this polypeptide was also decreased in EM9 and EM-C11 (>10-fold), indicating that the XRCC1-DNA ligase III complex is much reduced in the two CHO mutants. C1 IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CLARE HALL LABS,S MIMMS EN6 3LD,HERTS,ENGLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 27 TC 219 Z9 224 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 23 IS 23 BP 4836 EP 4843 DI 10.1093/nar/23.23.4836 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TM131 UT WOS:A1995TM13100013 PM 8532526 ER PT J AU Aber, JD Ollinger, SV Federer, CA Reich, PB Goulden, ML Kicklighter, DW Melillo, JM Lathrop, RG AF Aber, JD Ollinger, SV Federer, CA Reich, PB Goulden, ML Kicklighter, DW Melillo, JM Lathrop, RG TI Predicting the effects of climate change on water yield and forest production in the northeastern United States SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE foliar nitrogen; photosynthesis; respiration; allocation; GIS; regional analysis; validation; transpiration; water balance ID REGIONAL-ANALYSIS; ELEVATED CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; MODEL; DEPOSITION AB Rapid and simultaneous changes in temperature, precipitation and the atmospheric concentration of CO2 are predicted to occur over the next century. Simple, well-validated models of ecosystem function are required to predict the effects of these changes. This paper describes an improved version of a forest carbon and water balance model (PnET-II) and the application of the model to predict stand- and regional-level effects of changes in temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration. PnET-II is a simple, generalized, monthly time-step model of water and carbon balances (gross and net) driven by nitrogen availability as expressed through foliar N concentration. Improvements from the original model include a complete carbon balance and improvements in the prediction of canopy phenology, as well as in the computation of canopy structure and photosynthesis. The model was parameterized and run for 4 forest/site combinations and validated against available data for water yield, gross and net carbon exchange and biomass production. The validation exercise suggests that the determination of actual water availability to stands and the occurrence or non-occurrence of soil-based water stress are critical to accurate modeling of forest net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP). The model was then run for the entire NewEngland/New York (USA) region using a 1 km resolution geographic information system. predicted long-term NEP ranged from -85 to + 275 g Cm-2 yr(-1) for the 4 forest/site combinations, and from -150 to 350 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for the region, with a regional average of 76 g Cm-2 yr(-1). A combination of increased temperature (+6 degrees C), decreased precipitation (-15%) and increased water use efficiency (2x, due to doubling of CO2) resulted generally in increases in NPP and decreases in water yield over the region. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. MARINE BIOL LAB,CTR ECOSYST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP Aber, JD (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,INST STUDY EARTH OCEANS & SPACE,COMPLEX SYST RES CTR,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. RI Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014 OI Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431 NR 32 TC 203 Z9 212 U1 7 U2 48 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIMATE RES JI Clim. Res. PD DEC 7 PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 207 EP 222 DI 10.3354/cr005207 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TV247 UT WOS:A1995TV24700003 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Greenberg, AS AF Roberts, SB Greenberg, AS TI Age-associated changes in energy regulation and their relation to mitochondrial DNA mutations SO AGING-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gordon Conference Satellite - Intervention in Aging IV: Consequences of Age Changes Explored at the Cellular and Subcellular Levels on Organismic Function CY MAY 05-06, 1995 CL VOLTERRA, ITALY RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ENERGY METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILANO PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA, 30-20153 MILANO, ITALY SN 0394-9532 J9 AGING-CLIN EXP RES JI Aging-Clin. Exp. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 469 EP 470 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA TN790 UT WOS:A1995TN79000017 ER PT J AU CARLSON, TN TACONET, O VIDAL, A GILLES, RR OLIOSO, A HUMES, K AF CARLSON, TN TACONET, O VIDAL, A GILLES, RR OLIOSO, A HUMES, K TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE WORKSHOP ON THERMAL REMOTE-SENSING HELD AT LA-LONDE-LES-MAURES, FRANCE, SEPTEMBER 20-24, 1993 SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WATER C1 CTR ETUD ENVIRONM TERRESTRE & PLANETAIRES,F-78140 VELIZY VILLACOUBL,FRANCE. ENGREF,CEMAGREF,COMMUN TELEDETECT LAB,F-34033 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. PENN STATE UNIV,CTR EARTH SYST SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. INRA,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CARLSON, TN (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. RI Vidal, Alain/A-3986-2009; Gillies, Robert/C-1309-2010; OI Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272 NR 4 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02258-Y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TK101 UT WOS:A1995TK10100002 ER PT J AU CARLSON, TN GILLIES, RR SCHMUGGE, TJ AF CARLSON, TN GILLIES, RR SCHMUGGE, TJ TI AN INTERPRETATION OF METHODOLOGIES FOR INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF SOIL-WATER CONTENT SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermal Remote Sensing of the Energy and Water Balance Over Vegetation in Conjunction with Other Sensors CY SEP 20-24, 1993 CL LA LONDE LES MAURES, FRANCE SP Penn State Univ, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CEMAGREF ENGREF ID MOISTURE AVAILABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TRANSPIRATION AB Using a new technique referred to as the triangle method, surface soil water content and fractional vegetation cover were derived from surface radiant temperature measurements and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Application of the technique is made with reference to NS001 multispectral scanner measurements made by a C-130 aircraft over the Mahantango Watershed in Pennsylvania. The derived surface soil water content values were compared with those obtained from the Push Broom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) aboard the same aircraft and with in-situ ground measurements, A large disparity was found to exist between all three measurements, suggesting that the surface becomes decoupled from the deeper substrate in regions of rapid drying, where large vertical gradients in soil water content may exist near the surface. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,CTR EARTH SYST SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CARLSON, TN (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. RI Gillies, Robert/C-1309-2010 NR 32 TC 164 Z9 188 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02261-U PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TK101 UT WOS:A1995TK10100005 ER PT J AU NORMAN, JM KUSTAS, WP HUMES, KS AF NORMAN, JM KUSTAS, WP HUMES, KS TI SOURCE APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING SOIL AND VEGETATION ENERGY FLUXES IN OBSERVATIONS OF DIRECTIONAL RADIOMETRIC SURFACE-TEMPERATURE SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD EXPERIMENT FIFE; PARTIAL CANOPY COVER; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; BALANCE METHOD; SPARSE CROPS; BOWEN-RATIO; LAYER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; INDEXES; PLANT AB A two-layer model of turbulent exchange that includes the view geometry associated with directional radiometric surface temperature is developed and evaluated by comparison of model predictions with field measurements. Required model inputs are directional brightness temperature and its angle of view, fractional vegetation cover or leaf area index, vegetation height and approximate leaf size, net radiation, and air temperature and wind speed. One advantage of the approach described in this paper is that directional brightness temperatures are considered so that the model should have wider applicability than single-layer models, and it opens the possibility of a simple solution if directional measurements are available from two substantially different view angles. Comparisons with several hundred measurements from two large-scale field experiments were performed. One study was conducted in a semiarid rangeland environment in Southern Arizona(Monsoon '90) while the other was conducted in a subhumid environment, namely the tall grass prairie in Eastern Kansas (FIFE). For the Monsoon '90 site, root-mean-square-differences (RMSD) between model predictions and measurements were between 35 and 60 W m(-2) for soil, sensible and latent heat flux. With the FIFE site data RMSD values were between 50 and 60 W m(-2). The larger scatter with the FIFE data was mainly caused by the model having difficulty reproducing the fluxes for the observation period with dormant vegetation. Considerations of the expected variability associated with flux measurements over complex surfaces suggests that model-derived fluxes were in acceptable agreement with the observations. However refinements in formulations of soil heat flux probably would improve agreement between model predictions and measurements. C1 USDA ARS, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT SOIL SCI, 1525 OBSERV DR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 69 TC 620 Z9 676 U1 13 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 293 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02265-Y PG 31 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TK101 UT WOS:A1995TK10100009 ER PT J AU MORAN, MS AF MORAN, MS TI THERMAL REMOTE-SENSING SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP MORAN, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP R5 EP R7 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02257-X PG 3 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TK101 UT WOS:A1995TK10100001 ER PT J AU LOPER, GM AF LOPER, GM TI A DOCUMENTED LOSS OF FERAL BEES DUE TO MITE INFESTATIONS IN S ARIZONA SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP LOPER, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 135 IS 12 BP 823 EP 824 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TJ410 UT WOS:A1995TJ41000016 ER PT J AU SHIRALI, GS SMITH, EO GEVA, T AF SHIRALI, GS SMITH, EO GEVA, T TI QUANTITATION OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PREDICTORS OF OUTCOME IN INFANTS WITH ISOLATED VENTRICULAR SEPTAL-DEFECT SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; NATURAL-HISTORY; ANEURYSM; BIRTHS; GROWTH; SIZE AB Clinical and morphometric features such as ventricular septal defect (VSD) size and location may determine outcome in infants with an isolated VSD. However, no currently available data allow quantitative estimation of the probability of spontaneous closure or surgery in individual patients. To identify independent predictors of outcome and to quantitate the probability of spontaneous closure and surgery in patients with isolated VSD, we studied 156 consecutive infants who had a diagnosis of an isolated VSD between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 1990, and who were subsequently monitored for 28.5 +/- 15 months. Of the 149 patients with membranous (n = 100) and muscular (n = 49) defects who were studied, 46 (31%) patients had spontaneous closure, and an additional 37 (25%) patients underwent surgical repair. Univariate analysis identified defect cross-sectional area indexed to body surface area, location in the muscular septum, presence of Down syndrome, and in membranous defects the presence of aneurysmal tissue as potential predictors of spontaneous closure or surgery. Multiple logistic regression analysis with these candidate variables identified indexed defect cross-sectional area as an independent predictor of spontaneous closure and surgery (p < 0.001). An inverse nonlinear relationship was seen between indexed VSD area and the probability of spontaneous closure (probability = (1 + e[-1.74 + 4.57CSA])(-1) and a positive nonlinear relationship between indexed VSD area and the probability of surgery (probability = (1 + e[3.39 - 2.31CSA](-1)). Muscular defects were more likely to close spontaneously than membranous defects (odds ratio 2.6, 95% CL = 1.01 - 6.8, p = 0.04). Aneurysmal tissue formation and presence of Down syndrome did not predict outcome after controlling for defect size. Thus echocardiographic measurement of VSD cross-sectional area enables quantitation of probability of spontaneous closure and surgery in individual infants with an isolated VSD. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,LILLIE FRANK ABERCROMBIE SECT PEDIAT CARDIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 130 IS 6 BP 1228 EP 1235 DI 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90147-7 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA TH126 UT WOS:A1995TH12600012 PM 7484774 ER PT J AU Hill, L Cramer, C Mustard, A Bender, K Wei, AN Chernozhukov, V AF Hill, L Cramer, C Mustard, A Bender, K Wei, AN Chernozhukov, V TI Evaluating progress in privatization of commodity markets in the former Soviet Union. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. UNIV ARKANSAS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA,FAS,WASHINGTON,DC. WORLD BANK,WASHINGTON,DC. RUSSIA STATE AGR ACAD,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1349 EP 1349 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700048 ER PT J AU Jagger, C Johnson, J Salathe, L Young, R Hitchner, R AF Jagger, C Johnson, J Salathe, L Young, R Hitchner, R TI Extension policy outlook symposium: Agricultural policy and the budget. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CONGRESS BUDGET OFF,WASHINGTON,DC. MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT. USDA,OCE,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV MISSOURI,FABPRI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1349 EP 1349 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700047 ER PT J AU Unnevehr, L Miranowski, J Pingali, P Grossman, M Zilberman, D AF Unnevehr, L Miranowski, J Pingali, P Grossman, M Zilberman, D TI Legislating reductions in pesticide use: Universal paradigm or silly idea? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES,IA. INT RICE RES INST,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1349 EP 1349 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700049 ER PT J AU Lin, J Douthitt, R Chern, W Bailey, W Wohl, J AF Lin, J Douthitt, R Chern, W Bailey, W Wohl, J TI Consumer decisions: Influences of dietary health and food safety perceptions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH. UNIV ARKANSAS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER,BC V5Z 1M9,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1350 EP 1350 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700053 ER PT J AU Stafford, TH Royer, JS Snyder, WN Ginder, RG Schrader, LF Sporleder, TL Hogeland, JA AF Stafford, TH Royer, JS Snyder, WN Ginder, RG Schrader, LF Sporleder, TL Hogeland, JA TI The role of farmer cooperatives in the changing US pork industry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,RBCDS,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE. IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES,IA. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1350 EP 1351 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700054 ER PT J AU Dow, JK Baumes, H Malaga, J Spreen, TH Thompson, GD AF Dow, JK Baumes, H Malaga, J Spreen, TH Thompson, GD TI NAFTA and beyond: Trade liberalization in the Americas and its implications for horticultural agribusiness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1351 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700055 ER PT J AU Messina, WA Alvarez, J Buzzanell, P Deere, CD Romero, A Seale, JL Messina, WA AF Messina, WA Alvarez, J Buzzanell, P Deere, CD Romero, A Seale, JL Messina, WA TI Untitled SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1352 EP 1352 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700059 ER PT J AU Detlefsen, RE Milton, RW Wilson, EM Vogel, FA Reilly, JT Stanton, BF AF Detlefsen, RE Milton, RW Wilson, EM Vogel, FA Reilly, JT Stanton, BF TI Statistical and political implications of the farm definition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BUR CENSUS,WASHINGTON,DC. USDA,NASS,ESTIMATES DIV,WASHINGTON,DC. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1353 EP 1353 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700062 ER PT J AU Setia, P Hyberg, B Young, D Johnson, J Helmers, G Batte, M Ray, D Hanson, J AF Setia, P Hyberg, B Young, D Johnson, J Helmers, G Batte, M Ray, D Hanson, J TI Profitability of environmentally sustainable agricultural systems in six regions of the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA. MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1353 EP 1353 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700063 ER PT J AU Coble, KH Glauber, J Kraft, D Heifner, R Hauser, R AF Coble, KH Glauber, J Kraft, D Heifner, R Hauser, R TI Revenue safety nets: Assessing the implications for twenty-first century agriculture. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV MANITOBA,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1355 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700068 ER PT J AU Leones, J Bahn, H Roth, M Hall, C Nayga, R German, C AF Leones, J Bahn, H Roth, M Hall, C Nayga, R German, C TI Direct farm marketing and agricultural tourism: Directions and implications for extension and research. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA,CREES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. UNIV DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE 19716. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1355 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700070 ER PT J AU Paulsen, A Blase, M Wagner, L Matiashvili, V Tinnermeier, R Cherevko, G AF Paulsen, A Blase, M Wagner, L Matiashvili, V Tinnermeier, R Cherevko, G TI Building agricultural economic teaching institutions in the newly independent states. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FAS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO. NIZHNY NOVGOROD REG INST AGR ECON & NANAGEMENT,NIZHNII NOVGOROD,RUSSIA. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. LVIV STATE AGR INST,LVOV,UKRAINE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1356 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700071 ER PT J AU Daberkow, S Doering, O Liroff, R Rawlins, S Vorley, B Sorensen, A AF Daberkow, S Doering, O Liroff, R Rawlins, S Vorley, B Sorensen, A TI Implications of a national policy to reduce pesticide use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. WORLD WILDLIFE FUND,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1356 EP 1356 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700072 ER PT J AU Letson, D Setia, P Hyberg, B Baumes, H Purvis, A Glover, T Cochran, M Roka, F Ford, P AF Letson, D Setia, P Hyberg, B Baumes, H Purvis, A Glover, T Cochran, M Roka, F Ford, P TI Animal production and sustainable agriculture SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX. UNIV ARKANSAS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1356 EP 1356 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700073 ER PT J AU Sureshwaran, S Foster, R Houck, JP Henderson, D Washington, R Schultz, A Thompson, S AF Sureshwaran, S Foster, R Houck, JP Henderson, D Washington, R Schultz, A Thompson, S TI Land grant system in the year 2020: Putting perceptions into practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 S CAROLINA STATE UNIV,ORANGEBURG,SC 29117. WK KELLOGG FDN,BATTLE CREEK,MI. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES,IA. CLEMSON UNIV,CLEMSON,SC 29631. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1356 EP 1357 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700075 ER PT J AU Zulauf, C Spitze, R Schweikhardt, D Langley, J Francl, T AF Zulauf, C Spitze, R Schweikhardt, D Langley, J Francl, T TI Agricultural policy: What is its status and likely direction? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. CONSOLIDATED FARM SERV ADM,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. AMER FARM BUR FEDERAT,PK RIDGE,IL 60068. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1357 EP 1357 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700078 ER PT J AU Mercier, S AF Mercier, S TI Quality determination of US corn prices in the Japanese market SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1358 EP 1358 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700086 ER PT J AU Lee, H Harwood, J Somwaru, A AF Lee, H Harwood, J Somwaru, A TI Implications of disaster assistance reform for noninsurable crops SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,DAVIS,CA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1360 EP 1360 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700099 ER PT J AU Irwin, S Zulauf, C AF Irwin, S Zulauf, C TI The reaction of wheat, corn, and soybean futures prices to the USDA Export Inspection Report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,COLUMBUS,MS. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1362 EP 1362 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700120 ER PT J AU Fuglie, K AF Fuglie, K TI Conservation tillage and pesticide use in the corn belt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1364 EP 1364 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700133 ER PT J AU Yee, J AF Yee, J TI The rate of return to public agricultural R&D in the presence of private R&D and deadweight loss SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1364 EP 1364 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700138 ER PT J AU Sun, T Jinkins, J ElOsta, H AF Sun, T Jinkins, J ElOsta, H TI Multinomial logit analysis of farm diversification for midwestern farms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1365 EP 1365 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700151 ER PT J AU Ruppel, F Kennedy, PL AF Ruppel, F Kennedy, PL TI Measuring the extent of coalition formation in group decision making SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,BATON ROUGE,LA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1367 EP 1367 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700167 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Sandretto, C Hostetler, J AF Kim, CS Sandretto, C Hostetler, J TI A dynamic analysis of nitrogen fertilizer best management practices for groundwater quality protection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1368 EP 1368 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700173 ER PT J AU Schaible, G AF Schaible, G TI Water demand elasticities with/without institutional restrictions: Conservation implications for water-price policy reform SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1369 EP 1369 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700186 ER PT J AU Lee, C Schluter, G AF Lee, C Schluter, G TI Measuring the effects of domestic demand expansion on the structure of US agribusiness industry: An input-output perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1370 EP 1370 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700191 ER PT J AU Buzby, J Allos, BM Roberts, T AF Buzby, J Allos, BM Roberts, T TI The cost-of-illness method: The case of Guillain-Barre syndrome preceded by Campylobacter infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1371 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700205 ER PT J AU Huang, K AF Huang, K TI Testing structural change in meat demand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1372 EP 1372 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700207 ER PT J AU Lupi, F Feather, P AF Lupi, F Feather, P TI Site aggregation in random utility travel cost models: Using partial aggregation to reduce welfare bias SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. RI Lupi, Frank/B-7865-2010 OI Lupi, Frank/0000-0003-2287-2259 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1373 EP 1373 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700223 ER PT J AU Ryan, J AF Ryan, J TI Utilization of debt repayment capacity by commercial farm operators SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1375 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700238 ER PT J AU Levedahl, JW AF Levedahl, JW TI Program savings when Food Stamp Program benefits are paid in cash SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1381 EP 1381 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700291 ER PT J AU MacNair, D Holmes, T Palmquist, R Loomis, J AF MacNair, D Holmes, T Palmquist, R Loomis, J TI A public choice model of Forest Service decision making SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1381 EP 1382 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700296 ER PT J AU Frisvold, G Caswell, M AF Frisvold, G Caswell, M TI Cosmetic produce standards and pesticide use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1384 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700318 ER PT J AU Nelson, G Hellerstein, D AF Nelson, G Hellerstein, D TI Do roads cause deforestation?: Using satellite images in econometric analysis of land use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1385 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700326 ER PT J AU Ollinger, M Pope, L AF Ollinger, M Pope, L TI Firm characteristics and plant biotechnology research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1385 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700328 ER PT J AU Preckel, P Senatre, B AF Preckel, P Senatre, B TI Incorporating heterogeneity into farm policy analysis - Does it make a difference? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RI Preckel, Paul/A-9365-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1385 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700332 ER PT J AU Gallo, A AF Gallo, A TI Asset valuation in food processing. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1391 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700376 ER PT J AU Wang, QB Halbrendt, C Tuan, F AF Wang, QB Halbrendt, C Tuan, F TI China's household demand for fruits and implications for trade. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE 19716. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1391 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700380 ER PT J AU Seitzinger, AH AF Seitzinger, AH TI Costs and benefits of removing sanitary barriers to trade throughout the implementation of regionalization schemes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,APHIS,CEAS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1393 EP 1393 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700394 ER PT J AU Sztein, AE Cohen, JD Slovin, JP Cooke, TJ AF Sztein, AE Cohen, JD Slovin, JP Cooke, TJ TI Auxin metabolism in representative land plants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENY; DERIVATIVES; BRYOPHYTES AB The plant hormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) appears to control many plant developmental processes, and studies performed in seed plants suggest that IAA conjugation is the critical mechanism to regulate free IAA concentration The purpose of this investigation is to characterize the biochemical ability of one charophyte and 73 land plants ranging from liverworts to angiosperms to produce IAA conjugates, and to study the complexity of their conjugation patterns. actively growing tissue was incubated with C-14-IAA, after which labeled IAA conjugates were separated using thin-layer chromatography. The conjugates were analyzed using radioimaging techniques and their tentative identity assigned by co-chromatography and/or by differential hydrolysis. The charophyte and the liverworts appear unable to conjugate IAA. The mosses and the hornwort are able to conjugate IAA into a few amide and ester conjugates. The tracheophytes examined synthesize several conjugates unique to the vascular plants, indole-3-acetyl-aspartic acid (-glutamic acid) and/or indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-O-glucose, as well as a variety of other amide and ester conjugates. These three conjugation patterns are correlated to the type of conducting tissue characteristic of the plants analyzed. These biochemical differences may be indicative of significative differences in the hormonal regulation in these plant groups, thus suggesting that changes in IAA regulation accompanied the major evolutionary events in land plants. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HORT CROPS QUAL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Sztein, AE (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT PLANT BIOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 46 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1514 EP 1521 DI 10.2307/2446179 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TK756 UT WOS:A1995TK75600004 ER PT J AU FAIRWEATHERTAIT, S PRENTICE, A HEUMANN, KG JARJOU, LMA STIRLING, DM WHARF, SG TURNLUND, JR AF FAIRWEATHERTAIT, S PRENTICE, A HEUMANN, KG JARJOU, LMA STIRLING, DM WHARF, SG TURNLUND, JR TI EFFECT OF CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS AND STAGE OF LACTATION ON THE CALCIUM-ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY OF LACTATING WOMEN ACCUSTOMED TO LOW-CALCIUM INTAKES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; ABSORPTION; LACTATION; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS; STABLE ISOTOPES ID PREGNANCY; MAGNESIUM; HUMANS; MILK AB The effect of calcium intake on the calcium absorption efficiency from 100 mL cow milk was measured in lactating Gambian mothers habituated to a low-calcium diet [mean intake 7.08 mmol (283 mg)ld], and compared with UK lactating mothers consuming high-calcium diets [mean intake 29.2 mmol (1168 mg)/d] by using a double stable-isotope technique (oral Ca-44 and intravenous Ca-42). In a double-blind trial starting 9 d postpartum, Gambian mothers were given a calcium supplement [17.85 mmol (714 mg)/d] or placebo for 12 mo. At 3 and 12 mo postpartum, mean (I SEM) calcium absorption from isotopically enriched milk was 52.3 +/- 3.1% (n = 25) and 47.2 +/- 4.8% (n = 24) in the unsupplemented Gambian mothers and 48.8 +/- 2.8% (n = 28) and 42.9 +/- 3.7% (n = 24) in the supplemented mothers, respectively. There was no effect of supplementation or stage of lactation on the efficiency of calcium absorption. At 3 mo postpartum the UK mothers absorbed 32.2 +/- 3.8% of the isotopically enriched calcium added to milk, which was significantly less than that of the Gambian mothers (P < 0.01). C1 MRC,DUNN NUTR UNIT,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. MRC,DUNN NUTR UNIT,KENEBA,GAMBIA. UNIV REGENSBURG,INST INORGAN CHEM,W-8400 REGENSBURG,GERMANY. HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP FAIRWEATHERTAIT, S (reprint author), INST FOOD RES,NORWICH LAB,NORWICH RES PK,NORWICH NR4 7UA,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. RI Fairweather-Tait, Susan/K-4251-2012 NR 22 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1188 EP 1192 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TJ284 UT WOS:A1995TJ28400002 PM 7491878 ER PT J AU JACQUES, PF HALPNER, AD BLUMBERG, JB AF JACQUES, PF HALPNER, AD BLUMBERG, JB TI INFLUENCE OF COMBINED ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENT INTAKES ON THEIR PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS IN AN ELDERLY POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-C; VITAMIN-E; CAROTENOIDS; ANTIOXIDANT INTERACTIONS; ELDERLY POPULATION ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-E; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BETA-CAROTENE; SUPPLEMENTATION; MEN AB Data from a cross-sectional survey of 746 noninstitutionalized, Boston-area elderly individuals (aged greater than or equal to 60 y) were analyzed to assess the relation between antioxidant nutrient intake and plasma antioxidant status. Intakes of vitamin C and carotenoids and supplemental vitamin E were estimated by using 3-d diet records. Mean plasma concentrations of these nutrients were calculated within categories of intake, and polynomial contrasts were used to test for linear trends of the plasma nutrient concentrations across these categories. Adjustments for the corresponding intake of the plasma nutrient under consideration, as well as age, sex, and smoking status were made to minimize potential confounding. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations were 188 greater in individuals consuming greater than or equal to 220 mg vitamin C/d compared with those with intakes < 120 mg/d (P for trend < 0.001). Plasma carotenoid concentrations were 13% higher across increasing categories of vitamin C intake (P for trend = 0.002). An increasing intake of carotenoids was moderately associated with higher plasma alpha-tocopherol (P for trend = 0.008) and unrelated to ascorbic acid status. An increasing intake of supplemental vitamin E was weakly correlated with plasma ascorbic acid (P for trend = 0.05) and unrelated to carotenoid status. These results provide epidemiologic evidence that increasing intake of either vitamin C, vitamin E, or carotenoids is associated with greater plasma concentrations of one or both of the other antioxidant vitamins and not associated with any impairment in antioxidant status. RP JACQUES, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,JEAN MAYER USDA,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00209] NR 36 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1228 EP 1233 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TJ284 UT WOS:A1995TJ28400009 PM 7491885 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A JACQUES, PF EPSTEIN, EM AF TAYLOR, A JACQUES, PF EPSTEIN, EM TI RELATIONS AMONG AGING, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS, AND CATARACT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-C; VITAMIN-E; CAROTENOIDS; LUTEIN; ZEAXANTHIN; CATARACT; PROTEASES; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BEAVER DAM EYE; VITAMIN-E; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; AQUEOUS-HUMOR; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC-ACID AB Light and oxygen are necessary for the function of the eye. However, when present in excess or in uncontrolled circumstances, they appear to be related, probably causally, to the development of cataract. Compromises of function of the lens and retina with aging are exacerbated by depleted or diminished primary antioxidant reserves, antioxidant enzyme capabilities, and diminished secondary defenses such as proteases. Smoking appears to provide an additional oxidative challenge associated with depletion of antioxidants as well as with enhanced risk for cataract formation. Poor education and lower socioeconomic status are associated with poorer nutriture and are also significantly related to increased risk for these debilities. Optimizing nutriture, including diets rich in fruit and vegetables, may provide the least costly and most practicable means to delay cataract. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08566] NR 79 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 62 IS 6 SU S BP 1439 EP 1447 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TK019 UT WOS:A1995TK01900023 PM 7495245 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN WU, DY SANTOS, MS HAYEK, MG AF MEYDANI, SN WU, DY SANTOS, MS HAYEK, MG TI ANTIOXIDANTS AND IMMUNE-RESPONSE IN AGED PERSONS - OVERVIEW OF PRESENT EVIDENCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-E; BETA-CAROTENE; GLUTATHIONE; AGED PERSONS; IMMUNE RESPONSE ID VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTHY ELDERLY POPULATION; MEDIATED CYTO-TOXICITY; ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; BETA-CAROTENE AB The oxidant-antioxidant balance is an important determinant of immune cell function, including maintaining the integrity and functionality of membrane lipids, cellular proteins, and nucleic acids and controlling signal transduction and gene expression in immune cells. Optimal amounts of antioxidants are needed for maintenance of the immune response across all age groups. This need might be more critical, however, in aged persons. Age-associated dysregulation of immune response, particularly of T cell-mediated function, is well documented. The well-known age-related increase in free radical formation and lipid peroxidation contributes, at least in part, to this phenomenon. We summarize animal and human studies undertaken by ourselves as well as other investigators on the effects of antioxidants, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and glutathione on the immune response of aged persons. The underlying mechanisms for the antioxidant nutrients' effects as well as their health implications for aged persons are discussed. RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 146 TC 192 Z9 197 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 62 IS 6 SU S BP 1462 EP 1476 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TK019 UT WOS:A1995TK01900025 PM 7495247 ER PT J AU ZHANG, YH KRAMER, TR TAYLOR, PR LI, JY BLOT, WJ BROWN, CC GUO, WD DAWSEY, SM LI, B AF ZHANG, YH KRAMER, TR TAYLOR, PR LI, JY BLOT, WJ BROWN, CC GUO, WD DAWSEY, SM LI, B TI POSSIBLE IMMUNOLOGICAL INVOLVEMENT OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN CANCER PREVENTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ANTIOXIDANTS; MICRONUTRIENTS; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN E; SELENIUM; IMMUNE RESPONSES; T-LYMPHOCYTES; WHOLE-BLOOD CULTURES; CANCER MORTALITY ID NUTRITION INTERVENTION TRIALS; DISEASE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; BETA-CAROTENE; SUPPLEMENTATION; LINXIAN; CHINA AB The people of Linxian County, China have one of the world's highest rates of esophageal cancer. Two intervention trials were conducted to determine whether supplementation with specific vitamins and minerals could lower mortality from or incidence of cancer in this population and whether supplementation with multiple vitamins and minerals would reduce esophageal and gastric cardia cancer in persons with esophageal dysplasia. About 30 000 general population (GP) subjects in the GP trial were randomly assigned to one of eight intervention groups according to a one-half replicate of a 2(4) factorial experimental design and were supplemented for 5.25 y with four combinations of micronutrients at doses from one to two times the US recommended dietary allowance (RDA). About 3000 subjects in whom dysplasia was diagnosed in the dysplasia trial were randomly assigned to groups receiving daily supplementation with 14 vitamins and 12 minerals at two to three times the US RDA or placebo for 6 y. Results of the dysplasia trial indicate that in individuals with esophageal dysplasia, micronutrient supplementation had little effect on T lymphocyte responses. In contrast, male participants in the GP trial who were supplemented with beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher mitogenic responsiveness of T lymphocytes in vitro than those not receiving these micronutrients. C1 BEIJING UNION MED COLL, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NCI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP ZHANG, YH (reprint author), CHINESE ACAD MED SCI, INST CANC, POB 2258, BEIJING 100021, PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 62 IS 6 SU S BP 1477 EP 1482 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TK019 UT WOS:A1995TK01900026 PM 7495248 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, JB AF BLUMBERG, JB TI CONSIDERATIONS OF THE SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION FOR ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS AND BETA-CAROTENE IN DISEASE PREVENTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-C; VITAMIN-E; BETA-CAROTENE; CLINICAL TRIALS; SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION; PUBLIC HEALTH; OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS ID OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; E CONSUMPTION; RISK; CANCER; TRIALS; DNA; FLAVONOIDS AB Advances in our knowledge about the role vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene may play in reducing the risk of chronic diseases have been derived concomitantly from several different research approaches, each with its own advantages and limitations. Evaluation of the evidence for potential health benefits of antioxidant nutrients should include the entire spectrum of available scientific evidence-from cell biology, animal studies, clinical trials, and epidemiologic surveys-and consider the quality, strength, consistency, and biological plausibility of this evidence. However, difficult questions arise when considering how strong the correlation should be between the totality of evidence and the conclusions drawn for making individual and public health recommendations. Many of these questions address the need for additional research not only directed to the efficacy and safety of these nutrients but to their bioavailability, interactions with one another and other dietary factors, mechanisms of action, and methods to assess their functional status. RP BLUMBERG, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 59 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 62 IS 6 SU S BP 1521 EP 1526 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TK019 UT WOS:A1995TK01900032 ER PT J AU Robins, SJ Fasulo, JM Pritzker, CR Ordovas, JM Patton, GM AF Robins, SJ Fasulo, JM Pritzker, CR Ordovas, JM Patton, GM TI Diurnal changes and adaptation by the liver of hamsters to an atherogenic diet SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bile lipids; cholesterol; cholesteryl esters; triglycerides; very low density lipoproteins ID CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; BILIARY CHOLESTEROL; RAT-LIVER; ACYLCOENZYME-A; PRECURSOR POOL; BILE-SALT; SECRETION; METABOLISM AB Studies were performed in freely feeding, male (F1B) Syrian hamsters fed a high-fat diet to determine the extent and manner of adaptation of the liver to diurnal changes in eating patterns and an increase in serum lipids. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides strongly paralleled changes in food consumption and were 40-50% greater during the 12-h dark period than the 12-h light period of the diurnal cycle. Hepatic cholesterol changes closely approximated changes in serum cholesterol (r = 0.916) due principally to changes in hepatic cholesteryl esters that were on average about 10-fold greater with the high-fat diet than with a chow diet. With the high-fat diet, hepatic cholesteryl esters were, however, extremely variable and were 40% greater at the mid-dark than at the mid-light period. With high fat there was also a marked increase in the secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the liver that were cholesteryl ester rich and closely paralleled the diurnal changes in hepatic cholesteryl esters (r = 0.911). In contrast, although with a high-fat diet biliary cholesterol secretion was increased, the increase in cholesterol in bile exhibited no diurnal pattern and with the high-fat diet was far less in magnitude than the increase of cholesterol in VLDL. Biliary cholesterol secretion is dependent on bile acid secretion. However, with the high-fat diet, neither the bile acid pool size nor bile acid secretion was increased compared with chow-fed controls. Moreover, with high fat at mid-dark period, bile acid secretion was significantly less than controls at mid-dark period. Thus in these hamsters a high-fat diet produced a marked increase in serum cholesterol that was distinctly diurnal and was compensated for by a diurnal increase in hepatic cholesteryl ester stores and the secretion of cholesteryl esters in VLDL. In contrast, cholesterol secretion in bile did not correspond to the fluctuating changes of cholesterol in the liver and was far less in magnitude than would be necessary to reduce a greatly expanded pool of hepatic cholesterol. C1 BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02130 USA. TUFTS UNIV, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, USDA, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP Robins, SJ (reprint author), BOSTON VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, DEPT MED, RB-8, RES BLDG, 150 S HUNTINGTON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02130 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 269 IS 6 BP R1327 EP R1332 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA TL961 UT WOS:A1995TL96100006 ER PT J AU KrebsSmith, SM Cook, DA Subar, AF Cleveland, L Friday, J AF KrebsSmith, SM Cook, DA Subar, AF Cleveland, L Friday, J TI US adults' fruit and vegetable intakes, 1989 to 1991: A revised baseline for the Healthy People 2000 objective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION AB Objectives. This study provides revised baseline data for the Healthy People 2000 objective related to fruit and vegetable intakes, accounting for fruits and vegetables from all sources and measuring servings in a manner consistent with current dietary guidance. Methods. Dietary data from 8181 adults in the US Department of Agriculture's 1989-1991 Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals were examined. All foods were disaggregated into their component ingredients; all fruit and vegetable ingredients were assigned specific weights to correspond to a serving as defined by current dietary guidance materials; and the number of servings was tallied. Results. While mean intakes of fruits and vegetables-4.3 servings per day-were not far from the Year 2000 objective, only 32% of American adults' intakes met the objective; When more stringent standards were set either to compensate for higher 'calorie levels or to achieve the balance between fruits and vegetables suggested in current guidance, only 24% and 12%, respectively, met the recommendations. Conclusions. These results suggest: a need to develop strategies for overcoming barriers to eating fruits and vegetables. C1 USDA,HYATTSVILLE,MD. RP KrebsSmith, SM (reprint author), NCI,DCPC,EXECUT PLAZA N,RM 313,6130 EXECUT BLVD,MSC 7344,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 25 TC 156 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1995 VL 85 IS 12 BP 1623 EP 1629 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.12.1623 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TK931 UT WOS:A1995TK93100007 PM 7503335 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB EDRINGTON, TS KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH ROTTINGHAUS, GE AF HARVEY, RB EDRINGTON, TS KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH ROTTINGHAUS, GE TI INFLUENCE OF AFLATOXIN AND FUMONISIN B-1-CONTAINING CULTURE MATERIAL ON GROWING BARROWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CONTAMINATED CORN; TOXICITY; PIGS; SWINE; DIETS; SCREENINGS; DIMINUTION; HEALTH AB Aflatoxin (AF)-contaminated and fumonisin B-1 (FB1)-contaminated (culture material from Fusarium moniliforme) diets were fed singly and in combination to growing cross-bred barrows. Six barrows (3 replicates of 2 each; mean body weight, 17.5 kg) per group were fed: 0 mg of AF and 0 mg of FB1/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed; 100 mg of FB1/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of AF plus 100 mg of FB1/kg of feed for 35 days. The effects on production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic measurements were evaluated. Body weight, gain, and feed consumption were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by AF and AF plus FB1 diets. The FB1 diet decreased feed consumption, and although body weight was numerically decreased, it was not statistically significant. Aflatoxin increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and total iron concentration and decreased urea nitrogen concentration and unsaturated iron-binding capacity. The FB1-alone diet increased serum GGT activity, whereas the AF plus FB1 diet increased serum aspartate transaminase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT activities, increased RBC count, triglycerides, and total iron concentrations, and decreased unsaturated iron-binding capacity and urea nitrogen concentration. For the most part, the effects of the AF plus FB1 diet on body weight and hematologic measurements could be considered additive. However, the effect of the AF plus FB1 diet on cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase activities was greater than additive and was a synergistic response. One pig in the FB1-diet group and 2 pigs in the combination-diet group died. Postmortem lesions in pigs of the FB1-diet group consisted of ascites and increased liver weight. Observations at necropsy for pigs of the AF plus FB1-diet group consisted of hydrothorax, ascites, pulmonary edema, gastric erosions and ulceration, and increased liver and spleen weights. The AF diet increased relative liver weight and resulted in liver that was pale, rubbery and resistant to cutting. Histologic lesions consisted of hepatic necrosis or degeneration, or both, with variable degrees of bile duct proliferation in barrows of the AF-diet groups. Renal tubular nephrosis was observed in barrows of the FB1-diet group, but this was not consistent in the AF plus FB1-diet group. Cell-mediated immunity, as measured by mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenic stimulation index, was decreased in barrows of the AF and FB1-diet groups, and values in barrows given the combination diet were significantly decreased from those in barrows given the single toxin diets. It was concluded that AF and FB1 (from culture material), singly or in combination, can adversely affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values and induce lesions in growing barrows. For most of the variables we evaluated under our study conditions and dosages of toxins, measurements were affected more by the combination diet than by either single toxin diet, and the toxic responses could be described as additive or more than additive, particularly for induction of liver disease. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP HARVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1668 EP 1672 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TH264 UT WOS:A1995TH26400020 PM 8599531 ER PT J AU Honeycutt, CW Clapham, WM Leach, SS AF Honeycutt, CW Clapham, WM Leach, SS TI Influence of crop rotation on selected chemical and physical soil properties in potato cropping systems SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotation effect; crop residue; N credit; legume; Maine ID NITROGEN; CORN AB Crop yields are often increased through crop rotation. This study examined selected soil chemical and physical properties that may constitute the N and non-N related effects of crop rotation in potato cropping systems. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Norwis) was grown continuously and in two-year rotations with annual alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Nitro), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), white lupin (Lupinus albus L. Ultra), and oat (Avena sativa Astro). Hairy vetch contributed more residue N than any other crop rotation, ranging from 110 to 119 kg N ha(-1). Inorganic N concentrations in potato soils were related to the previous crop's residue N contents, and were highest following vetch and alfalfa and lowest following oat and potato. The highest mineralizable N concentration was found following vetch (46.6 mg N kg(-1)). Saturated soil hydraulic conductivity in potato following all rotations ranged from 9.88 to 11.28 cm h(-1) compared to 5.71 cm h(-1) for continuous potato. Higher soil water contents were maintained in the 30 to 45 cm depth for all rotations compared to continuous potato. Thus several parameters indicate substantial N effects associated with particular crop rotations. Soil hydraulic conductivity and soil water status may also represent significant components of the rotation effect not directly related to N for these cropping systems. RP Honeycutt, CW (reprint author), UNIV MAINE, USDA ARS, NEW ENGLAND PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB, ORONO, ME 04469 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 72 IS 12 BP 721 EP 735 DI 10.1007/BF02849157 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TQ990 UT WOS:A1995TQ99000001 ER PT J AU Paszek, AA Schook, LB Louis, CF Mickelson, JR Flickinger, GH Murtaugh, J Mendiola, JR Janzen, MA Beattie, CW Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Andersson, L Ellegren, H Johansson, M Mariani, P Marklund, L Hoyheim, B Davies, W Fredholm, M Archibald, AL Haley, CS AF Paszek, AA Schook, LB Louis, CF Mickelson, JR Flickinger, GH Murtaugh, J Mendiola, JR Janzen, MA Beattie, CW Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Andersson, L Ellegren, H Johansson, M Mariani, P Marklund, L Hoyheim, B Davies, W Fredholm, M Archibald, AL Haley, CS TI First International Workshop on Porcine Chromosome 6 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE comprehensive maps; framework map; integrated linkage map; swine chromosome 6 ID RELEASE CHANNEL GENE; PGD LINKAGE GROUP; MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE; PHOSPHOHEXOSE ISOMERASE; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HALOTHANE HAL; LANDRACE PIGS; ASSIGNMENT; MARKERS AB Recent advances in the use of microsatellite markers and the development of comparative gene mapping techniques have made the construction of high resolution genetic maps of livestock species possible, Framework and comprehensive genetic linkage maps of porcine chromosome 6 have resulted from the first international effort to integrate genetic maps from multiple laboratories, Eleven highly polymorphic genetic markers were exchanged and mapped by four independent laboratories on a total of 583 animals derived from four reference populations. The chromosome 6 framework map consists of 10 markers ordered with high local support, The average marker interval of the framework map is 15.1 cM (sex averaged). The framework map is 135, 175 and 109 cM in length (for sex averaged, female and male maps, respectively), The comprehensive map includes a total of 48 type I and type II markers with a sex averaged interval of 3.5 cM and is 166, 196 and 126 cM (for sex averaged, female and male maps, respectively). Additional markers within framework map marker intervals can thus be selected from the comprehensive map for further analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) located on chromosome 6. The resulting maps of swine chromosome 6 provide a valuable tool for analysing and locating QTL. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM BREEDING & GENET,UPPSALA BIOMED CTR,S-75124 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED,DEPT BIOCHEM PHYSIOL & NUTR,N-0033 OSLO 1,NORWAY. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT ANIM PROD & ANIM HLTH,DIV ANIM GENET,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. ROSLIN INST,ROSLIN EH25 9PS,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RI Haley, Chris/F-3110-2013; OI Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364 NR 59 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 26 IS 6 BP 377 EP 386 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA TM736 UT WOS:A1995TM73600001 PM 8572361 ER PT J AU COTTA, MA ZELTWANGER, RL AF COTTA, MA ZELTWANGER, RL TI DEGRADATION AND UTILIZATION OF XYLAN BY THE RUMINAL BACTERIA BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS AND SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMEN BACTERIA; HEMICELLULOSE; FERMENTATION AB The cross-feeding of xylan hydrolysis products between the xylanolytic bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisobens H17c and the xylooligosaccharide-fermenting bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium GA192 was investigated. Cultures were growth anaerobically in complex medium containing oat spelt xylan, and the digestion of xylan and the generation and subsequent utilization of xylooligosaccharide intermediates were monitored over time, Monocultures of B. fibrisolvens rapidly degraded oat spelt xylan, and a pool of extracellular degradation intermediates composed of low-molecular-weight xylooligosaccharides (xylobiose through xylopentaose and larger, unidentified oligomers) accumulated in these cultures, The ability of S. ruminantium to utilize the products of xylanolysis by B. fibrisolvens was demonstrated by its ability to grow on xylan that had first been digested by the extracellular xylanolytic enzymes of B. fibrisolvens. Although enzymatic hydrolysis converted the xylan to soluble products, this alone was not sufficient to assure complete utilization by S. ruminantium, and considerable quantities of oligosaccharides remained following growth. Stable xylan-utilizing cocultures of S. ruminantium and B. fibrisolvens were established, and the utilization of xylan was monitored, Despite the presence of an oligosaccharide-fermenting organism, accumulations of acid-alcohol soluble products were still noted; however, the composition of carbohydrates present in these cultures differed from that seen when. fibrisolvens was cultivated alone. Residual carbohydrates present at various times during growth were of higher average degree of polymerization in cocultures than in cultures of B. fibrisolvens alone. Structural characterization of these residual products may help define the limitations on the assimilation of xylooligosaceharides by ruminal bacteria. RP COTTA, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, FERMENTAT BIOCHEM UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 61 IS 12 BP 4396 EP 4402 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TG915 UT WOS:A1995TG91500042 PM 8534103 ER PT J AU MELLON, JE COTTY, PJ GODSHALL, MA ROBERTS, E AF MELLON, JE COTTY, PJ GODSHALL, MA ROBERTS, E TI DEMONSTRATION OF AFLATOXIN INHIBITORY ACTIVITY IN A COTTON SEED COAT XYLAN SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AB An inhibitor of aflatoxin biosynthesis localized in the seed coats of developing cotton was partially purified and characterized, Aqueous extracts from 25-day postanthesis seed coat tissue inhibited aflatoxin (B-1) production in liquid cultures of Aspergillus flavus AF13, Inhibition was concentration dependent, with a 50% effective dose of 173 mu g of crude extract per ml of medium, The inhibitor was neutral in charge, Two active fractions mere obtained from crude preparations by gel filtration chromatography (BioGel P-100). The purest fraction eluted in the void volume, Carbohydrate composition analysis of this void volume inhibitor indicated a composition of xylose (>90%) and mannose, Aflatoxin production in vitro was inversely related to inhibitor concentration in the fermentation medium (log of aflatoxin versus log of [inhibitor]; r(2) = 0.82; P < 0.002). The void volume inhibitor had a 50% effective dose of 6.2 mu g/ml, a 28-fold purification of the inhibitor material, These data support the hypothesis that seed coat inhibitory activity is associated with a cottonseed-specific xylan. C1 SUGAR PROC RES INST, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. RP MELLON, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 61 IS 12 BP 4409 EP 4412 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TG915 UT WOS:A1995TG91500044 PM 16535194 ER PT J AU WANG, HJ GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF AF WANG, HJ GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF TI AFLAVININES AND OTHER ANTIINSECTAN METABOLITES FROM THE ASCOSTROMATA OF EUPENICILLIUM-CRUSTACEUM AND RELATED SPECIES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; INDOLE METABOLITES; SCLEROTIA; TUBINGENSIS; OCHROSALMONEUM AB This report describes the distribution of antiinsectan metabolites present in sclerotioid ascostromata produced by representative strains of Eupenicillium crustaceum and fungal taxa that are considered to be closely related. The hexane and chloroform extracts of E. crustaceum NRRL 3332 displayed significant antiinsectan activity in assays against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea. The major metabolite accounting for this antiinsectan activity was a known aflavinine analog, 10,23-dihydro-24,25-dehydroaflavinine, occurring at approximately 2.8 mg/g of dry ascostromata, In dietary assays at ca, 3,000 ppm, a 79% reduction in weight gain and a 42% reduction in feeding rate were observed in H. tea and Carpophilus hemipterus larvae, respectively, A new aflavinine analog, 10,23,24,25-tetrahydro-24-hydroxyaflavinine was also identified, These aflavinine compounds are the first to be reported from a fungal genus other than Aspergillus, New macrophorin-type metabolites accounted for the antiinsectan activity of ascostromata produced by E. crustaceum NRRT 22307, which produced no aflavinines, while Eupenicillium molle NRRL 13062 produced both aflavinines and macrophorins. Sclerotia produced by Penicillium gladioli NRRL 938, NRRL 939, and QM 2743, a fungus reported to be conspecific with the anamorph off. crusfaceum, produced neither aflavinines nor macrophorins, Eupenicillium reticulisporum NRRL 3446 produced the aflavinine analog 10,23-dihydro-24,25-dehydroaflavinine and an unrelated compound called pyripyropene A, a potent inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A-cholesterol acyltransferase, Eupenicillium abidjanum NRRL, 5809, reported to be conspecific with E. reticulisporum, produced neither of these compounds, The Eupenicillium species that produced aflavinines are also known for their ability to grow rapidly with reduced water activity. C1 UNIV IOWA, DEPT CHEM, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [K04 CA02571] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 61 IS 12 BP 4429 EP 4435 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TG915 UT WOS:A1995TG91500048 PM 8534106 ER PT J AU Klich, MA Yu, J Chang, PK Mullaney, EJ Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Klich, MA Yu, J Chang, PK Mullaney, EJ Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Hybridization of genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis to DNA of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic aspergilli SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLAVUS GROUP; PARASITICUS; CLONING AB Southern blots of DNA from a number of aspergilli belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi, including aflatoxin-producing and non-aflatoxigenic isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, were probed with the aflatoxin pathway genes aflR and omt-1. DNA of all A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. sojae isolates examined hybridized with both genes. None of the A. oryzae isolates examined hybridized to the aflR probe and one of the three did not hybridize to the omt-1 probe. None of the A. tamarii isolates examined hybridized to either gene. Our results suggest that some isolates in this section do not produce aflatoxin because they lack at least one of the genes necessary for biosynthesis, and that non-producing A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. sojae strains either lack a gene we did not examine or have genes that are not being expressed. C1 TULANE UNIV,DEPT CELL & MOLEC BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. RP Klich, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 439 EP 443 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TM498 UT WOS:A1995TM49800026 PM 8597546 ER PT J AU Kenealy, WR Cao, Y Weimer, PJ AF Kenealy, WR Cao, Y Weimer, PJ TI Production of caproic acid by cocultures of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and Clostridium kluyveri grown on cellulose and ethanol SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FED CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES; RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; INSOLUBLE CELLULOSE; RUMEN BACTERIA; DILUTION RATE; MICROORGANISMS; FERMENTATION; KINETICS; ALBUS AB Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 or Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1) were combined with the non-ruminal bacterium Clostridium kluyveri and grown together on cellulose and ethanol. Succinate and acetate produced by the cellulolytic organisms were converted to butyrate and caproate only when the culture medium was supplemented with ethanol. Ethanol (244 mM) and butyrate (30 mM at pH 6.8) did not inhibit cellulose digestion or product formation by S85 or FD-1; however caproate (30 mM at pH 6.8) was moderately inhibitory to FD-1. Succinate consumption and caproate production were sensitive to culture pH, with more caproic acid being produced when the culture was controlled at a pH near neutrality. In a representative experiment under conditions of controlled pH (at 6.8) 6.0 g cellulose 1(-1) and 4.4 g ethanol 1(-1) were converted to 2.6 g butyrate 1(-1) and 4.6 g caproate 1(-1). The results suggest that bacteria that efficiently produce low levels of ethanol and acetate or succinate from cellulose should be useful in cocultures for the production of caproic acid, a potentially useful industrial chemical and bio-fuel precursor. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BIOCHEM,MADISON,WI 53706. JIANGXI ACAD SCI,NANCHANG 330029,JIANGXI,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 507 EP 513 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TM498 UT WOS:A1995TM49800037 PM 8597554 ER PT J AU Wolters, WR Johnson, MR AF Wolters, WR Johnson, MR TI Analysis of a diallel cross to estimate effects of crossing on resistance to enteric septicemia in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN, 1994 CL HALIFAX, CANADA DE Ictalurus punctatus; Enteric septicemia ID EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; ANTIBODIES; RAFINESQUE AB The trend in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production is toward increased stocking densities and feeding rates, and is often accompanied by disease problems. Enteric septicemia, caused by the bacterium, Edwardsiella ictaluri, is responsible for many disease losses in channel catfish cultured in the southern United States. A complete diallel cross among three strains, Red River, Norris, acid M X K (Marion X Kansas), was used to estimate effects of crossing on resistance to E. ictaluri, Juveniles (mean weight 15.2 +/- 3.8 grams) from all nine crosses were challenged by immersion, and survival determined 28 days following bacterial exposure. Mean survival of all crosses was 62.2% and ranged from 35.8% in the M X K female X Norris male cross to 90.0% in the Norris female X M X K male cross. Estimates for heterosis, line, maternal, reciprocal effects, and general combining ability corrected for maternal effects were obtained from contrasts among appropriate mean squares. Average, line or specific heterosis effects were not significant suggesting that crossbreeding these strains would not increase disease resistance due to heterosis. Significant line effects in Norris and M X K strains demonstrated differences for disease resistance in these strains. Significant maternal effects conveyed increased disease resistance to offspring in the Norris strain. Significant general combining ability indicated additive genetic differences for enteric septicemia resistance in Norris and M X K strains. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DELTA RES & EXTENS CTR,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP Wolters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,POB 38,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 137 IS 1-4 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(95)01103-X PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TN873 UT WOS:A1995TN87300071 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM LopezMiranda, J Mata, P PerezJimenez, F Lichtenstein, AH Schaefer, EJ AF Ordovas, JM LopezMiranda, J Mata, P PerezJimenez, F Lichtenstein, AH Schaefer, EJ TI Gene-diet interaction in determining plasma lipid response to dietary intervention SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th European-Atherosclerosis-Society Congress CY JUN 10-13, 1995 CL UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SP European Atherosclerosis Soc DE apolipoproteins; lipoproteins; genetics; diet ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSERTION-DELETION POLYMORPHISM; RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION SURVIVORS; LIPASE LPL GENE; B-GENE; C-III; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL AB It has long been known that there is an extremely high degree of variability in both human and nonhuman primates in terms of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering in response to restriction of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol. In this regard we have reviewed the current knowledge regarding the gene-diet interaction in relation to plasma lipid response to dietary intervention. Several candidate gene loci have been examined in humans: apolipoprotein (ape) A-I, apo A-IV, apo B, apo C-III and apo E, as well as lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Several mutations at these loci have been found to be associated with responsiveness. We and others have documented that subjects carrying the apo E4 allele are more responsive with regard to LDL-C lowering in response to dietary fat and cholesterol restriction than subjects carrying the apo E3 or apo E2 alleles, whereas some studies report no association of apo E phenotypes with lipid response to some dietary interventions. Our own meta-analysis indicates that apo E genotype effects are modulated via alterations of amount and type of dietary fat. We have also documented that subjects carrying the common glutamine for histidine mutation at amino acid 360 of apo A-IV are significantly less responsive in terms of LDL-C lowering than subjects with the normal apo A-IV allele. These findings have been confirmed by other investigators. The data suggest that the effect of apo A-IV genotype is modulated via changes in dietary cholesterol. In addition, we have documented that the common G/A mutation within the promoter region of the apo A-I gene is associated with greater responsiveness of LDL-C to dietary fat alterations. The XbaI and insertion/deletion polymorphisms at the apo B gene locus and the HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at the LPL locus have also been associated with diet responsiveness. Therefore, in humans these gene loci account for a significant portion of the variability in plasma lipid response to dietary alterations. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, LIPID METAB LAB, 711 WASHINGTON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL39326] NR 186 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD DEC PY 1995 VL 118 SU S BP S11 EP S27 PG 17 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA TT810 UT WOS:A1995TT81000004 PM 8821461 ER PT J AU Witter, RL AF Witter, RL TI Attenuation of lymphoid leukosis enhancement by serotype 2 Marek's disease virus SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINE VIRUSES; FIELD TRIALS; CHICKENS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; SYNERGISM; EFFICACY; STRAINS AB Serotype 2 Marek's disease virus (MDV), already known to augment the protective efficacy of turkey herpes virus (HVT) vaccine against MD, may also enhance the frequency of lymphoid leukosis (LL) in retrovirus-infected chickens of certain strains. LL enhancement refers to an increase in frequency and decrease in latent period for development of LL, and is measured by comparison of tumour responses in retrovirus-infected, MD-vaccinated chickens to those of retrovirus-infected control chickens. LL enhancement has been documented with both of the serotype 2 MDV strains tested thus far. These experiments were conducted to investigate whether LL enhancement ability varied within a larger collection of serotype 2 strains or was influenced by serial passage in cell culture. Each of seven low-passage serotype 2 MDV strains enhanced LL responses. The HN-1 strain was competent for LL enhancement at passage 19, but LL enhancement ability was absent at passages 26, 27 and 40. Enhancement of LL by strains 471B/1, 281MI/1, 287C/1 and 298B/1 was reduced by 40 to 64 serial passages in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures. Strains SB-1 and 301B/1 continued to demonstrate enhancement of LL through 66 and 40 passages, respectively. Thus, LL enhancement appeared to be a general property of serotype 2 MDV, but was susceptible in five of seven strains to reduction (attenuation) by cell culture passage. Enhancement of LL by serotype 2 MDV was attenuated more rapidly by cell culture passage than was the ability of such viruses to protect against virulent MDV challenge either alone or in combination with HVT. One such LL enhancement-attenuated strain, 471B/1 (passages 33 and 40), when combined with HVT, induced protection against MD challenge (76 and 78%) that was comparable with that induced by SB-1 + HVT (82%) or 301B/1 + HVT (89%). This or similar serotype 2 viruses could provide suitable protection against MD with a reduced risk of LL enhancement. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 665 EP 678 DI 10.1080/03079459508419106 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TN022 UT WOS:A1995TN02200007 PM 18645823 ER PT J AU MCGARVEY, PB HAMMOND, J DIENELT, MM HOOPER, DC FU, ZF DIETZSCHOLD, B KOPROWSKI, H MICHAELS, FH AF MCGARVEY, PB HAMMOND, J DIENELT, MM HOOPER, DC FU, ZF DIETZSCHOLD, B KOPROWSKI, H MICHAELS, FH TI EXPRESSION OF THE RABIES VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN IN TRANSGENIC TOMATOES SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; G-PROTEIN; PLANTS; GENE AB We have engineered tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill var. UC82b) to express a gene for the glycoprotein (G-protein), which coats the outer surface of the rabies virus. The recombinant constructs contained the G-protein gene from the ERA strain of rabies virus, including the signal peptide, under the control of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. Plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cotyledons and tissue culture on selective media. PCR confirmed the presence of the G-protein gene in plants surviving selection. Northern blot analysis indicated that RNA of the appropriate molecular weight was produced in both leaves and fruit of the transgenic plants. The recombinant G-protein was immunoprecipitated and detected by Western blot from leaves and fruit using different antisera. The G-protein expressed in tomato appeared as two distinct bands with apparent molecular mass of 62 and 60 kDa as compared to the 66 kDa observed for G-protein from virus grown in BHK cells. Electron microscopy of leaf tissue using immunogold-labeling and antisera specific for rabies G-protein showed localization of the G-protein to the Golgi bodies, vesicles, plasmalemma and cell walls of vascular parenchyma cells. In light of our previous demonstration that orally administered rabies G-protein from the same ERA strain elicits protective immunity in animals, these transgenic plants should provide a valuable tool for the development of edible oral vaccines. C1 USDA ARS,USNA,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANT RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,CTR NEUROVIROL,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. RP MCGARVEY, PB (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BIOTECHNOL FDN LABS,ROOM M-81 JAH,1020 LOCUST ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. OI Hooper, Douglas/0000-0002-8578-5104 NR 16 TC 175 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD DEC PY 1995 VL 13 IS 13 BP 1484 EP 1487 DI 10.1038/nbt1295-1484 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TH351 UT WOS:A1995TH35100020 PM 9636308 ER PT J AU Berry, GT Nissim, I Mazur, AT Elsas, LJ Singh, RH Klein, PD Gibson, JB Lin, ZP Segal, S AF Berry, GT Nissim, I Mazur, AT Elsas, LJ Singh, RH Klein, PD Gibson, JB Lin, ZP Segal, S TI In vivo oxidation of [C-13]galactose in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency SO BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID URIDYL TRANSFERASE; GALACTOSEMIA; URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; MUTATIONS; GENE AB We developed an intravenous and oral [C-13]galactose breath test for the in vivo study of galactose metabolism. Following an intravenous bolus of 7 mg/kg of [1-C-13]galactose in the fasting state, normal children and adults eliminated 3-6% and 21-47% of the bolus as (CO2)-C-13 in expired air collected over 1 and 5 h, respectively, Comparable fractional elimination was seen when the dose was given orally. Patients with galactosemia who have barely detectable or absent galactose-l-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) activity in erythrocytes and are homoallelic for the Q188R gene mutation, when given a 7 mg/kg intravenous bolus had barely detectable (CO2)-C-13 in air samples in the first hour, but eventually eliminated as much as 3.6% of the dose in 5 h. A galactosemia/Duarte (Q188R/N314D) compound heterozygote and a homozygous Duarte subject, as well as a subject with one normal allele and one Q188R allele, showed normal in vivo oxidation. An assessment of whole body galactose metabolism can be made with this procedure. Further use of this in vivo modality in patients with different genetic backgrounds should increase our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in hereditary galactosemia. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV PENN,DIV BIOCHEM DEV & MOLEC DIS,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV MED GENET,ATLANTA,GA 30322. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. RP Berry, GT (reprint author), UNIV PENN,DIV BIOCHEM DEV & MOLEC DIS,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01-HD 29847] NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1077-3150 J9 BIOCHEM MOL MED JI Biochem. Mol. Med. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 56 IS 2 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1006/bmme.1995.1071 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TR748 UT WOS:A1995TR74800011 PM 8825079 ER PT J AU LUFKIN, C LOUDON, T KENNY, M SCOTT, J AF LUFKIN, C LOUDON, T KENNY, M SCOTT, J TI PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF ON-FARM COMPOSTING TECHNOLOGY SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP LUFKIN, C (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,MANURE MANAGEMENT DEMONSTRAT PROJECT,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JG PRESS PI EMMAUS PA BOX 351, 18 S SEVENTH ST, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD DEC PY 1995 VL 36 IS 12 BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA TK156 UT WOS:A1995TK15600022 ER PT J AU SUMMY, KR MORALESRAMOS, JA KING, EG AF SUMMY, KR MORALESRAMOS, JA KING, EG TI SUPPRESSION OF BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) INFESTATIONS ON SOUTH TEXAS COTTON BY AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES OF THE PARASITE CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article ID BURKS HYMENOPTERA AB Augmentative releases of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) were conducted in a series of south Texas cotton fields during 1992 (April 30-June 29) in an attempt to suppress infestations of boil weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. Within each of three release sites, the average incidence of mortality occurring among susceptible host stages (94.4-96.4% and 86.1-96.6% apparent mortality among third-stage larvae and pupae, respectively) was substantially greater than that occurring among these same stages in controls devoid of parasites (2.2-9.6% and 1.8-7.9% apparent mortality, respectively). Such differential mortality produced two important effects: (1) a significant reduction in densities of adult boil weevils produced in release sites relative to controls (0.0-0.1 and 0.3-1.6 unemerged adults/m(2), respectively), and (2) a concomitant reduction in the incidence of damaged bells during the postbloom period (0.2-0.4% and 48.3-91.7% in release and control sites, respectively). These results conclusively demonstrated the ability of C. grandis to suppress and maintain bell weevil infestations at subeconomic levels when augmented in sufficient quantities during the period in which the first and second host generations normally develop on cultivated cotton. The potential for augmentative biological control of boil weevil in the south Texas cotton environment is discussed. RP SUMMY, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1062 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA TG326 UT WOS:A1995TG32600006 ER PT J AU VEGA, FE DOWD, PF BARTELT, RJ AF VEGA, FE DOWD, PF BARTELT, RJ TI DISSEMINATION OF MICROBIAL AGENTS USING AN AUTOINOCULATING DEVICE AND SEVERAL INSECT SPECIES AS VECTORS SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS LUGUBRIS; ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS; TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM; TRICHODERMA POLYSPORUM; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; BEAUVERIA BASSIANA; SAP BEETLES, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, BIOCOMPETITORS ID HONEY-BEES; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; SAP BEETLES; NITIDULIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; PHEROMONE; AUTODISSEMINATION; DISPERSAL; TRAP AB A device for autoinoculating insects with marker dye and active agents, such as biocompetitors of plant pathogens (e.g., Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma polysporum, Bacillus subtilis) and entomopathogens (e.g,, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana) is described. Laboratory tests using a powdered dye indicated that the device worked for sap beetles, house flies, pomace dies, and moths. Quantitative studies with blue dye (as an indicator of dispersal) and some bioactive agents demonstrated that a high percentage of sap beetles became contaminated with the material placed inside the autoinoculator in a short period of time (minutes). In the laboratory, sap beetles carried B. bassiana from the autoinoculator to unexposed sap beetles, causing high mortality. In the field, sap beetles entered the baited traps attached to the autoinoculator, became contaminated with the dye, and carried it to damaged corn or apples. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP VEGA, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1064 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA TG326 UT WOS:A1995TG32600008 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, JJ WATSON, DW CAWTHRA, JK AF PETERSEN, JJ WATSON, DW CAWTHRA, JK TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF 3 RELEASE RATES FOR A PTEROMALID PARASITOID (HYMENOPTERA) OF HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA) IN BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOTS SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MUSCIDIFURAX ZARAPTOR; PTEROMALID WASPS; HOUSE FLIES; DOSAGE RESPONSE ID MUSCIDIFURAX-ZARAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; STABLE FLIES; DAIRY FARMS; MUSCIDAE AB Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was released at three rates in nine beef cattle feedlots in eastern Nebraska to measure dosage response. Dosage response was measured by the percentage parasitism of sentinel house fly pupae. Releases were made from a single location near the center of the pen at three feedlots, from two locations within the pen at three feedlots, and from four corners of the pen at three feedlots. One-time releases initiated held propagation of M. zaraptor using freeze-killed house fly pupae as hosts. Three treatment rates, averaging 4480, 20,300, and 37,100 parasitoids, were released weekly over a 15-week period with each of the three release methods receiving a low, medium, or high treatment rate. All nine release sites produced significantly higher levels of parasitoid emergence and sentinel host mortality than sentinel hosts at two control facilities. The three sites receiving the high treatment rate averaged 38% host mortality, compared with 26% for the medium treatment rate and 17% for the low treatment rate. The two control sites averaged 2% host mortality. No significant differences could be detected in the number of release stations except at the four-station method using the low treatment rate. High temperatures during at least two of the weekly periods were detrimental to the released parasitoids. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP PETERSEN, JJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,MIDW LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 561 EP 565 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1066 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA TG326 UT WOS:A1995TG32600010 ER PT J AU GEDEN, CJ LONG, SJ RUTZ, DA BECNEL, JJ AF GEDEN, CJ LONG, SJ RUTZ, DA BECNEL, JJ TI NOSEMA DISEASE OF THE PARASITOID MUSCIDIFURAX RAPTOR (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) - PREVALENCE, PATTERNS OF TRANSMISSION, MANAGEMENT, AND IMPACT SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE HOUSE FLY; MUSCA DOMESTICA; MUSCIDIFURAX RAPTOR; NOSEMA MUSCIDIFURACIS; PARASITOID DISEASE; MICROSPORIDIA ID HOUSE-FLIES DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; POULTRY; PUPAE AB The microsporidium Nosema muscidifuracis was found in 1.1 and 10.7% of wild Muscidifurax raptor collected on New York dairy farms in 1991 and 1992. Higher (84%) levels of infection were observed on farms where infected M. raptor from a commercial insectary were released. Adult M. raptor became infected (100%) after feeding on spore suspensions of N. muscidifuracis, whereas house fly (Musca domestica L.) adults and larvae did not. Adult M. raptor became infected (16-25%) after feeding on infected parasitoid immatures within host puparia. Transmission rates of N. muscidifuracis increased with increasing parasitoid crowding levels because of cannibalism by healthy parasitoid immatures on infected immatures in superparasitized hosts, Maternal transmission was 100% efficient but there was no paternal or venereal transmission. Disease was reduced 35-93% by immersing infected parasitoid eggs within fly puparia in a 47 degrees C water bath for 30-60 min. Eliminating disease from an established laboratory colony of M. raptor resulted in a 10-fold increase in parasitoid fecundity. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP GEDEN, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1072 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA TG326 UT WOS:A1995TG32600016 ER PT J AU TIMPER, P BRODIE, BB AF TIMPER, P BRODIE, BB TI INTERACTION OF THE MICROBIVOROUS NEMATODE TERATORHABDITIS-DENTIFERA AND THE NEMATODE-PATHOGENIC FUNGUS HIRSUTELLA-RHOSSILIENSIS SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; BACTERIAL-FEEDING NEMATODE; DAUER JUVENILES; NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGUS; PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS; ROOT LESION NEMATODE ID NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGUS; CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; SOIL; DYNAMICS; COMMUNITIES; PARASITISM; INFECTION AB The fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis is an obligate pathogen with a broad host range among nematodes. Microbivorous nematodes are abundant around plant roots and may serve as hosts for the fungus, Our objective was to determine the influence of the bacterial-feeding nematode Teratorhabditis dentifera on the abundance of H. rhossiliensis. Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber with pots containing pasteurized soil, the fungus, and potato plants. The abundance of infectious conidia was compared in pots with and without T. dentifera after 50 or 70 days. The nematode reached high densities (10-40/cm(3) soil) but had no effect on the abundance of conidia. Many individuals were dauer juveniles, a stage that acquired conidia but did not become infected. To test whether this life stage could deplete the pool of conidia in soil, different proportions of dauer juveniles with (resistant) and without (susceptible) a sheath were added to H. rhossiliensis-infested soil, The number of conidia in the soil decreased with an increasing proportion of resistant nematodes, Different stages of T. dentifera appear to have opposing effects on H. rhossiliensis; while adults and regular juveniles acquire conidia, become infected, and produce new infectious conidia, dauer juveniles can deplete the supply of conidia. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP TIMPER, P (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 629 EP 635 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1075 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA TG326 UT WOS:A1995TG32600019 ER PT J AU KLEMCKE, HG AF KLEMCKE, HG TI PLACENTAL METABOLISM OF CORTISOL AT MID-GESTATION AND LATE-GESTATION IN SWINE SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FETAL PIG; BABOON; SHEEP; HYPOPHYSECTOMY; RECEPTORS; PREGNANCY; PLASMA; BLOOD AB An experiment was conducted in pigs to determine the source of fetal cortisol at 50 (n = 5) or 100 days (n = 4) of gestation (term = 114 days). Equilibrium concentrations of tritiated cortisol were achieved, and all hormonal measures were made at 110, 130, 140, and 150 min in anesthetized pigs. Maternal plasma cortisol did not differ (p = 0.48) between 50 (70.2 +/- 7.4 ng/ml; mean +/- SEM) and 100 days (62.4 +/- 5.8 ng/ml). Conversely, fetal cortisol increased (p = 0.048) between 50 (8.5 +/- 2.5 ng/ml) and 100 days (24.2 +/- 4.2 ng/ml), and, at each gestational age, values were lower (p = 0.001) than those in maternal plasma. Plasma cortisone (15.1 +/- 2.3 ng/ml) did not change with gestational age (p = 0.42) in either compartment (maternal or fetal), nor did it differ between compartments (p = 0.08). Maternal cortisol accounted for 22.8 +/- 2.0% of fetal cortisol at 50 days of gestation, and this contribution decreased (p < 0.001) to 5.87 +/- 0.8% at 100 days. At both ages, maternal cortisol accounted for almost 50% of fetal cortisone. Metabolism of maternal cortisol by the entire uterofetoplacental unit was 8.4 +/- 1.7% at 50 days and 7.5 +/- 2.4% at 100 days (p = 0.76). The maternal metabolic clearance rate of cortisol increased 44% (p = 0.003) between 50 and 100 days (1.49 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.15 +/- 0.2 L/min). Hence at these gestational ages, the fetus-presumably the fetal adrenal-is the primary source of fetal plasma cortisol. The major contribution of maternal cortisol to fetal cortisone strongly suggests the presence of porcine placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Further, factors constituting the placental ''barrier'' that metabolize maternal cortisol to cortisone and other products may be major regulators of porcine fetal plasma cortisol and cortisone. RP KLEMCKE, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 59 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1293 EP 1301 DI 10.1095/biolreprod53.6.1293 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA TF460 UT WOS:A1995TF46000008 PM 8562684 ER PT J AU WHITLEY, NC BARB, CR UTLEY, RV POPWELL, JM KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB AF WHITLEY, NC BARB, CR UTLEY, RV POPWELL, JM KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB TI INFLUENCE OF STAGE OF THE ESTROUS-CYCLE ON INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I MODULATION OF LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION IN THE GILT SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; PORCINE SERUM; FACTOR SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; ESTRADIOL; TISSUE; CELLS; RAT; REPLACEMENT AB Follicular phase (FOL; Days 17-19; n = 8), luteal phase (LUT; Days 7-9; n = 6), and ovariectomized (OVX; n = 5) crossbred gilts were used (Day 0 = onset of estrus), Blood samples were collected via jugular vein cannula every 15 min for 2 h the day before pituitary collection. Serum was assayed for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-I binding proteins (IGFBP), LH, estradiol (E(2)), and progesterone (P-4). Anterior pituitary cells were dispersed, cultured, and challenged on Day 4 of culture (Day 0 = day of seeding) with 10(-7) M GnRH Dr IGF-I (10(-11), 10(-10), 10(-9), 10(-8), or 3 x 10(-8) M) individually or in combination. Serum E(2) and P-4 concentrations indicated that the animals were in the appropriate stage of the estrous cycle. Mean serum LH concentrations were greater (p < 0.0004) for OVX animals compared to FOL and LUT animals. Mean serum IGF-I concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) for OVX compared to FOL and LUT animals, while serum IGFBP were not different among animals. Basal LH secretion (control) was greater (p < 0.04) in OVX than in FOL or LUT cultures. Relative to control, 10(-11) MIGF-I increased (p < 0.02) LH secretion in FOL, LUT, and OVX cultures, and this response was greater (p < 0.05)in FOL and OVX than in LUT cultures. Only the 10(-11) MIGF-I enhanced basal LH secretion in LUT cultures. In addition, 10(-10) M IGF-I increased (p < 0.05) LH secretion in OVX cultures, and 10(-10) and 10(-9) M IGF-I stimulated (p < 0.05) LH secretion in FOL cultures, whereas basal LH secretion in all groups was unaffected(p > 0.05) by 10(-8) Dr 3 x 10(-8) M IGF-I. The GnRH-induced LH secretion was unaltered by IGF-I treatment. Results indicate that in vitro IGF-I treatment increased basal LH secretion, with reproductive status modulating LH response to IGF-I. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1359 EP 1364 DI 10.1095/biolreprod53.6.1359 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA TF460 UT WOS:A1995TF46000016 PM 8562692 ER PT J AU VALLET, JL AF VALLET, JL TI UTEROFERRIN INDUCES LIPID-PEROXIDATION IN ENDOMETRIAL AND CONCEPTUS MICROSOMAL-MEMBRANES AND IS INHIBITED BY APOTRANSFERRIN, RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN, AND THE UTEROFERRIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID PURPLE ACID-PHOSPHATASE; ESTRADIOL VALERATE; PRENATAL SURVIVAL; UTERINE SPACE; IRON; PIG; PREGNANCY; GESTATION; SWINE; GILTS AB Iron-containing proteins catalyze lipid peroxidation when combined with either H2O2 or ascorbic acid (ASC), Microsomal membranes were prepared from Day 13 endometrial and conceptus tissues (5 pigs) and from Day 30 endometrial, placental, fetal liver, and fetus minus fetal liver tissues (5 pigs). Microsomal membranes were subjected to the following in vitro treatments: 1) no treatment, 2) 50 mu M ASC, 3) 100 mu M uteroferrin (UF), 4) 50 mu M ASC + 100 mu M UF, 5) 50 mu M ASC + 100 mu M UF + 10 mu M apotransferrin (transferrin with no iron bound; ATF), and 6) 50 mu M ASC + 100 mu M UF + 10 mu M holotransferrin (transferrin saturated with iron; HTF). For treatments 7 through 10, membranes were preincubated (0 degrees C, 3 h) with either 7) no treatment, 8) 50 mu M fetuin, 9) 50 mu M holoretinol binding protein (holoRBP: retinol binding protein [HoloRBP] with retinol bound), or 10) 50 mu M apoRBP (RBP with no retinol bound) followed by incubation with 50 mu M ASC + 100 mu M UF. Lipid peroxidation was measured in the samples as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Endogenous TBARS were greater (p < 0.05) in Day 13 conceptus than in Day 13 endometrium and were highest (p < 0.05) on Day 30 in fetal liver. Combined ASC and UF caused a large increase (p < 0.05) in TBARS in all membranes except Day 30 placental membranes, Addition of ATF, but not HTF, decreased TBARS production in all membrane preparations, HoloRBP, but not fetuin or apoRBP, decreased (p < 0.05) TBARS production in all but Day 30 endometrial membranes. in other experiments, when combined with ASC, UF/UF-associated protein complex induced less (p < 0.01) lipid peroxidation in fetal liver microsomal membranes than did free UF. Catalase and superoxide dismutase had no effect on UF-induced lipid peroxidation in fetal liver membranes, These results indicate that 1) UF combined with ASC induces lipid peroxidation in Day 13 endometrial and conceptus and Day 30 endometrial, fetal liver, and fetus minus liver microsomal membranes, acid 2) ATF, holoRBP, and the UF-associated proteins, but not catalase or superoxide dismutase, inhibit this reaction. RP VALLET, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1436 EP 1445 DI 10.1095/biolreprod53.6.1436 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA TF460 UT WOS:A1995TF46000025 PM 8562701 ER PT J AU Brown, F AF Brown, F TI Vaccination today and tomorrow SO BIOSCIENCE REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Membrane Dynamics and Permeability CY SEP 08, 1995 CL ROYAL SOC, LONDON, ENGLAND SP London Membrane Grp & Cell Surface Res Fund HO ROYAL SOC DE vaccination; protein sub-units; peptides; immune responses AB The vaccines against infectious diseases in use today are, with few exceptions, prepared from the causal agents themselves, either by inactivating them with a chemical such as formaldehyde or by attenuating them so that they grow and thus evoke an immune response in the natural host but cause no disease. These empirical approaches have produced many highly successful vaccines. Increasing knowledge at the molecular level of the agents and of the immune response to protein antigent is now providing us with the opportunity to design vaccines that will elicit protective responses without the need to use the agents themselves. The critical issue is to identify the immune responses that correlate with protection. RP Brown, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0144-8463 J9 BIOSCIENCE REP JI Biosci. Rep. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 15 IS 6 BP 493 EP 502 DI 10.1007/BF01204352 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA UH431 UT WOS:A1995UH43100009 PM 9156579 ER PT J AU Cain, MD Shelton, MG AF Cain, MD Shelton, MG TI Thirty eight years of autogenic, woody understory dynamics in a mature, temperate pine-oak forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; SUCCESSION; PENNSYLVANIA; REPLACEMENT; COMPETITION; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; HARDWOODS; ENGLAND AB In 1935, 32 ha of a pine-hardwood forest were set aside from future timber management in southern Arkansas, U.S.A. Old-growth timber had been cut to a 36-cm stump diameter before 1915. Between 1952 and 1993, four inventories were made of the overstory and midstory components (number of live trees greater than or equal to 9 cm in diameter breast height (DBH) taken at 1.37 m, by 2.54-cm DBH classes). Between 1954 and 1992, four corresponding inventories were made of the woody vegetation (>15 cm tall but <9 cm DBH) by counting rootstocks within 52 systematically spaced 8-m(2) circular quadrats. Understory species importance values (relative density + relative height + relative frequency) were used to compute diversity and similarity indices. During 38 years of assessment, no catastrophic disturbances occurred within the 32-ha forest. Although loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) dominated the overstory (64% of basal area in 1954 and 63% in 1993), pines were absent from the understory in all but seedling size classes for the last 38 years. Woody understory diversity indices were essentially stable for 38 years, but the similarity of understory species tended to decline as the time between inventories increased. Relative importance values for woody understory species tended to increase for the more shade-tolerant genera and decrease for less tolerant genera. Survival and height growth of woody understory species were also found to be positively correlated with shade tolerance. RP Cain, MD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,POB 3516,MONTICELLO,AR 71656, USA. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1997 EP 2009 DI 10.1139/x95-216 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TL790 UT WOS:A1995TL79000012 ER PT J AU Strimbeck, GR Schaberg, PG Dehayes, DH Shane, JB Hawley, GJ AF Strimbeck, GR Schaberg, PG Dehayes, DH Shane, JB Hawley, GJ TI Midwinter dehardening of montane red spruce during a natural thaw SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COLD TOLERANCE; WINTER INJURY; FOLIAGE; SEEDLINGS AB We documented 3 to 14 degrees C of dehardening in current-year foliage of 10 mature, montane red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees during a natural thaw from 12 to 21 January 1995. Mean cold tolerance was about -47 degrees C before the onset of thaw conditions, and individuals ranged from -38 to -52 degrees C. After 3 days of thaw, mean cold tolerance dropped to -39 degrees C, with a range of -32 to -44 degrees C. Trees did not regain prethaw levels of cold tolerance until sometime between 31 January and 9 February, or 10 to 20 days after subfreezing temperatures resumed. The least cold tolerant tree was at risk of injury when temperature at the field site fell to an estimated -33.8 degrees C on 6 February, and this same tree developed noticeably more injury than other trees when injury symptoms developed in late March. No evidence of dehardening was found in balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) trees from the same stand. All red spruce trees also showed the potential for net assimilation of carbon during the thaw, as determined by measurement of photosynthetic capacity under laboratory conditions. From the abrupt and substantial dehardening and persistence of the dehardened state, we conclude that dehardening during periods of warm weather may be a significant factor in freezing injury and decline of montane red spruce populations. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05401. RP Strimbeck, GR (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,SCH NAT RESOURCES,BURLINGTON,VT 05405, USA. NR 14 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2040 EP 2044 DI 10.1139/x95-221 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TL790 UT WOS:A1995TL79000017 ER PT J AU Ocamb, CM Juzwik, J AF Ocamb, CM Juzwik, J TI Fusarium species associated with rhizosphere soil and diseased roots of eastern white pine seedlings and associated nursery soil SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE F-oxysporum; F-proliferatum; F-solani; Pinus strobus; root rot AB Fusarium species isolated from necrotic roots of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings in two nurseries included F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. oxysporum var. redolens, F. proliferatum, F. sambucinum, F. solani, and F. sporotrichioides. In addition, all but F. sambucinum were isolated from the rhizosphere; all, in addition to F. graminearum, were also isolated from nonrhizosphere soil. Fusarium oxysporum, F. oxysporum var. redolens, and F. proliferatum were the most prevalent taxa in roots and nonrhizosphere soil. These three taxa plus F. solani predominated in rhizosphere soil. Species prevalence differed by site and date of collection, e.g. F. proliferatum was present at only one site. At least seven species of Fusarium were associated with seedling root rot and their prevalence differed according to site and time of year. RP Ocamb, CM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOL SOC PI GUELPH PA DEPT ENVIRON BIOL/UNIV GUELPH CAN. J PLANT PATHOL. DR. ROBERT HALL, GUELPH ON N1G 2W1, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 17 IS 4 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TZ715 UT WOS:A1995TZ71500005 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Polley, L Gunn, A Nishi, JS AF Hoberg, EP Polley, L Gunn, A Nishi, JS TI Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen nov et sp nov (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) from muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, in the central Canadian Arctic, with comments on biology and biogeography SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen.nov. et sp.nov. is established for a protostrongylid nematode in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, from the Kitikmeot Region (central Arctic) of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is distinguished from Cystacaulus and other Muelleriinae by characters that include the following: males: deeply incised, bilobed bursa, independent externodorsal rays, telamon composed of distal transverse plate, absence of falcate crurae, and spicules not distally split; females: absence of provagina; and first-stage larvae: presence of three cuticular folds on the tail. The great length of females (468 mm) and males (171 mm) is exceptional among the Protostrongylidae. Pathognomonic lesions include well-defined cysts dispersed through the lung tissue (maximum diameter 40 mm) containing adult and larval parasites in a dense matrix. Transmission involves a molluscan intermediate host, as indicated by experimental infections in the slug Deroceras reticulatum. The parasite is apparently restricted in its geographic distribution and has been found only in a population of muskoxen northwest of Coppermine, N.W.T. This may be indicative of a relictual host-parasite assemblage that has existed since the Pleistocene. The pathogenicity, high prevalence, and intensity of infection in the Coppermine herd suggest that the occurrence of U. pallikuukensis has implications for the management of muskoxen in the Holarctic region. C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,WESTERN COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,SASKATOON,SK S7N 5B4,CANADA. GOVT NW TERR,DEPT RENEWABLE RESOURCES,YELLOWKNIFE,NT X1A 2L9,CANADA. GOVT NW TERR,DEPT RENEWABLE RESOURCES,COPPERMINE,NT X0E 0E0,CANADA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E 1180,BIOSYSTEMAT & NATL PARASITE COLLECT UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 51 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 73 IS 12 BP 2266 EP 2282 DI 10.1139/z95-269 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TU239 UT WOS:A1995TU23900013 ER PT J AU Wilder, JW Vasquez, DA Christie, I Colbert, JJ AF Wilder, JW Vasquez, DA Christie, I Colbert, JJ TI Wave trains in a model of gypsy moth population dynamics SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION AB A recent model of gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)] populations led to the observation of traveling waves in a one-dimensional spatial model. In this work, these waves are studied in more detail and their nature investigated. It was observed that when there are no spatial effects the model behaves chaotically under certain conditions. Under the same conditions, when diffusion is allowed, traveling waves develop. The biomass densities involved in the model, when examined at one point in the spatial domain, are found to correspond to a limit cycle lying on the surface of the chaotic attractor of the spatially homogeneous model, Also observed are wave trains that have modulating maxima, and which when examined at one point in the spatial domain show a quasiperiodic temporal behavior. This complex behavior is determined to be due to the interaction of the traveling wave and the chaotic background dynamics. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,FT WAYNE,IN 46805. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP Wilder, JW (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT MATH,POB 6310,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 700 EP 706 DI 10.1063/1.166102 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA TL011 UT WOS:A1995TL01100011 ER PT J AU Dickens, JC Callahan, FE Wergin, WP Erbe, EF AF Dickens, JC Callahan, FE Wergin, WP Erbe, EF TI Discovery and characterization of an antennal-specific protein associated with development of antennal sensilla, electrical responses to odorants, and onset of sexual behavior in a hemimetabolous insect SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 6 BP 63 EP 63 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA TM989 UT WOS:A1995TM98900069 ER PT J AU Mayer, MS AF Mayer, MS TI Relationship between individual HS(a) neuron spike output, electroantennograms and behavior of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 6 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA TM989 UT WOS:A1995TM98900192 ER PT J AU CAO, G VERDON, CP WU, AHB WANG, H PRIOR, RL AF CAO, G VERDON, CP WU, AHB WANG, H PRIOR, RL TI AUTOMATED-ASSAY OF OXYGEN RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY WITH THE COBAS FARA-II SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; FLUOROMETRY; ANTIOXIDANTS; PHYCOERYTHRINS; MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION; RAT LIVER; WINE; ORANGE JUICE; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR ID ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AB Reactive oxygen species are of interest in biology and medicine because of evidence relating them to aging and disease processes. A relatively simple but sensitive and reliable method for quantifying the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of antioxidants in biological tissues has been automated for use with the COBAS FARA II centrifugal analyzer with a fluorescence-measuring attachment. In this assay, beta-phycoerythrin (beta-PE) is used as an indicator protein, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) as a peroxyl radical generator, and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) as a calibrator for antioxidant activity. This assay is unique because the reaction goes to completion so that both inhibition time and inhibition degree are considered in quantifying ORAC (micromoles of Trolox equivalent per liter or per gram of tissue). This method can be used not only for serum but also other tissue and food samples and is suitable for application to a range of nutritional and clinical conditions. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA ARS,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06296. HARTFORD HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,HARTFORD,CT 06102. NR 14 TC 325 Z9 336 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1738 EP 1744 PN 1 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA TJ521 UT WOS:A1995TJ52100010 PM 7497614 ER PT J AU Lu, N Edwards, JH Walker, RH AF Lu, N. Edwards, J. H. Walker, R. H. TI Nutrient Status of Corn as Affected by Application of Newsprint and Nitrogen Source SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article AB A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of newsprint (noncomposted ground newsprint) applied with different nitrogen (N) sources on corn (Zea Mays L) growth, yield, and soil chemical properties. The soil was a Wickham fine sandy loam (Typic Hapludults). Newsprint was applied at 2.44 kg C/m(2) soil and uniformly incorporated to a depth of 10 to 15 em. Ammonium nitrate, urea, anhydrous ammonia or poultry litter were the N sources used to adjust the C:N ratio of the newsprint to <= 30:1. Nutrient imbalance induced by newsprint was observed in corn during the early growing season, but at 40 to 50 days after emergence growth had resumed and biomass produced per day was not affected by N source. When newsprint was applied with anhydrous ammonia, seedlings were severely stunted, biomass production was reduced by 75 percent and yield decreased by 72 percent, when compared to anhydrous ammonia applied without newsprint. When corn was sidedressed with urea or ammonium nitrate, the apparent phytotoxicity of the newsprint was reduced. When newsprint plus poultry litter was applied, highest biomass production was obtained, and the yield increased by 37 percent when compared to poultry litter applied without newsprint. Aluminum concentration in both 40-day-old plant tissue and in soil solution samples as a result of newsprint application suggested AI toxicity. As much as 1.5 g kg(-1) of organic C added through newsprint was mineralized when poultry litter, ammonia nitrate or urea was the N source, but little organic C in the newsprint-amended soil was decomposed when anhydrous ammonia was the N source 40 days after corn emergence. After the growing season (175 days), an average of 4.6 g newsprint kg(-1) soil was decomposed. Poultry litter may be the preferred N source for adjusting the C:N ratio of high carbon-based organic waste. However, urea and ammonium nitrate would be acceptable in corn production systems that included newsprint application. C1 [Lu, N.; Walker, R. H.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Edwards, J. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1065-657X EI 2326-2397 J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 3 IS 1 BP 6 EP 18 DI 10.1080/1065657X.1995.10701764 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA V32IP UT WOS:000208945200002 ER PT J AU Donovan, TM Thompson, FR Faaborg, J Probst, JR AF Donovan, TM Thompson, FR Faaborg, J Probst, JR TI Reproductive success of migratory birds in habitat sources and sinks SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; SURVIVAL; WARBLERS; RATES AB Fragmentation of breeding habitat in North America has been implicated in the decline of forest-nesting, Neotropical migrant birds. We used a comparative approach to examine the effects of fragmentation on three forest-nesting migrants: Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina). We surveyed birds and monitored reproductive success on 28 study plots in fragmented and contiguous forests in true midwestern regions. Distribution of individuals between fragmented and contiguous forests appeared to vary among species and regions, but total nest failure was significantly higher in fragments than contiguous forests in both regions for all species (p = 0.053). We attributed greater nest failure to increased nest predation (p = 0.093) and increased brood parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater, p = 0.009). In addition to greater total nest failure partial nest failure due to cowbird parasitism led to a reduction in the number of host fledglings. Although the causes of nest mortality appeared to be species specific, total nest failure and partial nest failure acted in concert to reduce the number of offspring per adult for all three species on fragments. We used simple population growth models to assess the viability of the three species in fragmented and contiguous habitats in both regions. In general populations on fragments appeared to be population sinks and populations on continguous forests appeared to be population sources. Assuming constant mortality during winter, projected growth indicated that without immigration Ovenbird and Red-eyed Vireo populations should become extinct on fragments in both regions and Wood Thrush populations should be maintained or slightly decline on fragments. Populations of all three species should increase in contiguous habitats in both regions without emigration. We suggest that habitat fragmentation reduces local reproduction and may have ramifications for the entire population. A clear understanding of population demography depends on examination of demographic dynamics within and among sources and sinks. We emphasize that the long-term viability of these species depends on maintaining large tracts of forest throughout the breeding range until the spatial scale at which source and sink populations interact can be determined. C1 N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, DIV BIOL SCI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP Donovan, TM (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, 1-26 AGR BLDG, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NR 60 TC 339 Z9 343 U1 6 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1380 EP 1395 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09061380.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TL672 UT WOS:A1995TL67200008 ER PT J AU Donovan, TM Lamberson, RH Kimber, A Thompson, FR Faaborg, J AF Donovan, TM Lamberson, RH Kimber, A Thompson, FR Faaborg, J TI Modeling the effects of habitat fragmentation on source and sink demography of neotropical migrant birds SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREEDING DISPERSAL; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; SELECTION AB Many songbird populations in the midwestern United States are structured as a network of sources and sinks that are linked by dispersal. We used a modeling approach to examine explicitly how populations respond to incremented fragmentation of source habitat and how this response may vary depending upon two life-history attributes: fidelity to natal habitat type and reproductive strength of the source. Fragmentation of soul ce habitat led to a predictable decline in population for both attributes examined but the manner in which populations declined varied depending upon the reproductive strength of the source and the level of fidelity When the source was weak and produced few excess individuals, fragmentation of source habitats resulted in a predictable and parallel population decline of adults in both the source and the sink. In this situation high fidelity to natal habitats was important for maintenance of population sire and structure. Low fidelity to weak sources resulted in population extinction; populations experienced a demographic cost by dispersing from high quality source habitat to lout quality sink habitat. In contrast, when the source was strong and produced many excess individuals, fragmentation of the source led to population declines In both the source and the sink, but this decline was more abrupt in sink habitats. When the source was strong and produced a large excess of individuals, nonfidelity to natal habitats had little effect on metapopulation size and structure. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DIV BIOL SCI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV, DEPT MATH, ARCATA, CA 95521 USA. HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV, ENVIRONM SYST PROGRAM, ARCATA, CA 95521 USA. RP Donovan, TM (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, 1-26 AGR BLDG, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NR 39 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1396 EP 1407 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09061396.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TL672 UT WOS:A1995TL67200009 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Bergman, DL Homan, HJ Bleier, WJ AF Linz, GM Bergman, DL Homan, HJ Bleier, WJ TI Effects of herbicide-induced habitat alterations on blackbird damage to sunflower SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE blackbirds; cattails; damage; emergent vegetation; habitat; Icterinae; sunflower; Typha spp; wetland management AB In August 1992, we treated cattail-dominated wetlands in four 23-km(2) blocks with aerially-applied glyphosate herbicide (5.31 hd(-1)). Four other blocks of wetlands were left untreated (reference). We assessed the effects of cattail (Typha spp.) reduction on roosting blackbird (Icterinae) numbers and sunflower damage within the blocks. Blackbird numbers did not differ between posttreatment years (P = 0.453) or between treated and reference wetlands (P = 0.469), averaging 6227 +/- 4185 (SE) birds per block. Sunflower damage within blocks was similar between posttreatment years (P = 0.250) and did not vary (P = 0.460) between treatments ((x) over bar = 2.9 +/- 1.2%). However, positive linear relationships were detected between blackbird numbers (y) and hectares of live cattails (x) [(y = 442.2 x)] (p = 0.006) and between blackbird numbers (x) and kilograms of sunflower lost per hectare per year (y) [(y = 0.003 x)] (P = 0.0001). Cattail reduction appears to discourage roosting blackbirds and, thus, may reduce sunflower damage in adjacent fields. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,N DAKOTA FIELD STN,STEVENS HALL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 8 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(95)00072-0 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TR045 UT WOS:A1995TR04500003 ER PT J AU POOLER, MR HARTUNG, JS AF POOLER, MR HARTUNG, JS TI SPECIFIC PCR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA STRAINS CAUSING CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA; CULTURE AB By cloning and sequencing specific randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) products, we have developed pairs of PCR primers that can be used to detect Xylella fastidiosa in general, and X. fastidiosa that cause citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) specifically, We also identified a CVC-specific region of the X. fastidiosa genome that contains a 28-nucleotide insertion, and single base changes that distinguish CVC and grape X. fastidiosa strains. When using RAPD products to develop specific PCR primers, we found it most efficient to screen for size differences among RAPD products rather than presence/absence of a specific RAPD band. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 21 TC 118 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 6 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.1007/BF00294703 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TC794 UT WOS:A1995TC79400011 PM 8528010 ER PT J AU Weissling, TJ Knight, AL AF Weissling, TJ Knight, AL TI Vertical distribution of codling moth adults in pheromone-treated and untreated plots SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; Cydia pomonella; behavior ID APPLE ORCHARDS; SEX-PHEROMONE; TRAP DESIGN; PLACEMENT; CATCHES; LEPIDOPTERA; DENSITY AB The vertical distribution of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) within pheromone-treated and untreated apple and pear orchard canopies was determined using tethered virgin females, unbaited sticky traps, and blacklight observation of released moths. Mating of virgin females tethered at various heights in untreated orchard canopies increased with placement height from 1-4 m. Application of pheromone dispensers for mating disruption at 2 and 4 m above the ground greatly decreased mating. Greatest capture of males and females on unbaited sticky traps occurred at mid- and upper-canopy heights. Total capture of males and females in pheromone-treated plots was not statistically different than in untreated plots. The percentage of mated females captured on sticky traps did not vary with trap height or pheromone treatment. Released moths marked with fluorescent powder and observed at dark with a blacklight indicated that moths are primarily distributed high in the canopy. However, males shifted to a position lower in the canopy when pheromone dispensers were placed 2.1 m above the ground. Results suggest that pheromone dispensers be placed in the upper canopy for optimal disruption of codling moth mating. RP Weissling, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3 BP 271 EP 275 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL916 UT WOS:A1995TL91600004 ER PT J AU Wiseman, BR Bondari, K AF Wiseman, BR Bondari, K TI Inheritance of resistance in maize silks to the corn earworm SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE insecta; Helicoverpa tea; Zea mays; resistance inheritance; joint scaling test; additive-dominance model ID LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; GROWTH; GENETICS; INSECTS AB The corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), is a perennial economic pest of field crops in the United States. Maize, Zea mays L., is the major host crop promoting the build-up of devastating corn earworm populations that limit full production of cotton, soybean, peanut, and grain sorghum. Resistance to the corn earworm in maize and in particular sweet maize, would provide an environmentally safe, economical method of control for this pest insect. Antibiotic effects of corn silks on this insect are: small larvae, extended developmental period, and reduced fecundity. Silks from individual maize plants of resistant and susceptible lines and progeny in six generations consisting of parents (P-1, P-2), F-1, F-2, and backcrosses BC1.1 (F-1 x P-1) and BC1.2 (F-1 x P-2) from each of four crosses were used to determine the genetic basis of the antibiotic resistance of silks to the corn earworm. In the cross of Zapalote Chico x PI340856, genes controlling resistance in the silks to the corn earworm larvae are dominant in PI340856 to those in Zapalote Chico. The cross of Zapalote Chico x GT114 involves parents differing in degree of resistance, and possibly differing for the genetic mechanism by which the resistance is inherited. The inheritance of resistance may involve non-additive (dominance and epistasis) genetic variance. A digenic 6-parameter model indicated (1) the resistance in this cross is controlled by more than one pair of genes and (2) some or all of the genes interact to cause non-allelic interaction. Thus, the resistance in this cross may be controlled by both dominant and recessive genes. The resistance of Zapalote Chico x CI64, an intermediate inbred, is influenced by additive gene effects. The digenic model adequately predicts all generation means of the cross of GT3 x PI340856 except for the F1. Thus, it appears that the additive-dominance model is not satisfactory for this cross involving susceptible and resistant parents. Generation mean analysis indicates that resistance to silk-feeding by corn earworm larvae is under genetic control, but gene action differs from one type of cross to another. RP Wiseman, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL916 UT WOS:A1995TL91600009 ER PT J AU Toth, M Doolittle, RE AF Toth, M Doolittle, RE TI Mutual inhibition of sex attractants for males of Recarvaria nanella and R-leucatella SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE inhibition; sex attractant; Recurvaria nanella; R-leucatella; (3E)-3-tetradecenyl acetate; (3E, 5Z)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate; (5Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate; Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP Toth, M (reprint author), HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST PLANT PROTECT,PF 102,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 3 BP 347 EP 350 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL916 UT WOS:A1995TL91600013 ER PT J AU Epsky, ND Heath, RR Guzman, A Meyer, WL AF Epsky, ND Heath, RR Guzman, A Meyer, WL TI Visual cue and chemical cue interactions in a dry trap with food-based synthetic attractant for Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; Anastrepha ludens; trappings; visual cue; food-based bait; synthetic lure ID FRUIT-FLIES AB Several modifications of a plastic dry trap baited with synthetic lures (ammonium acetate and putrescine) were field tested in Guatemala for capture of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). The cylindrical plastic dry trap has 3 holes for release of internally placed chemical lure as well as for insect access into the trap, and a painted band that provides a visual cue. Fruit flies entering the trap move to internally placed toxicant-sugar panels, causing insect death after they feed. Visual cue modifications in traps painted green or orange included comparisons between shiny or dull trap exteriors and among a range of widths of the painted band on the trap body (3-15 cm wide). Chemical cue modifications included 3 versus 6 access holes in the body of the cylindrical dry trap and tests of 2 doses of a new putrescine formulation. The greatest amount of discrimination among the tested modifications was demonstrated by female C. capitata, The highest capture of female C, capitata was in green 3-hole traps with dull exteriors and with visual cues 12-15 cm wide. Variation in the width of the visual cue and in the number of access holes had less effect on capture of male C. capitata than on females, but capture of males was the lowest in orange traps with shiny exteriors. Capture of female A. ludens was relatively unaffected by the modifications tested, although highest capture was obtained with the green visual cue of 3-7.5 cm and the orange visual cue of 7.5-12 cm. Male A. ludens response was similar to that observed in females, although the capture of males among the modifications tested was more variable. There were interactions between visual cues associated with the trap body and the dose of putrescine, thus optimal dose of putrescine may vary with visual cue used in the trap design. Results from this study indicate that modifications in the plastic dry trap can be used to improve the capture of female C. capitata and to develop more cost-effective dry traps for field use against pest Tephritidae. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1387 EP 1395 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600002 ER PT J AU Knight, AL AF Knight, AL TI Evaluating pheromone emission rate and blend in disrupting sexual communication of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; codlemone; mating disruption; sex pheromone; Tortricidae ID MATING DISRUPTION; CYDIA-POMONELLA; RESISTANCE; COMPONENTS; DISPENSER; APPLE AB Emission characteristics of 3 sex pheromone components, (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-ol [codlemone], 1-dodecanol, and 1-tetradecanol, of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), were determined from a polyethylene tube dispenser. A model predicting emission rate of codlemone as a function of accumulated degree hours and temperature was developed. The effectiveness of different blends and estimated emission rates of codlemone at dusk in disrupting sexual communication of codling moth were evaluated in field tests in apple (Malus x domestica [Borkham]) during 1991-1992. In all field tests, virgin female-baited traps and releases of marked mate moths were used. Traps were placed at 3 heights in the canopy in 9 orchards treated with 1,000 polyethylene tube dispensers per hectare and a single untreated orchard. Trap height significantly affected moth catch in both the pheromone-treated and untreated orchards. The difference in moth catches between pheromone-treated and the untreated orchard with respect to the estimated codlemone emission rate at dusk was substantial for each height, and the slopes did not differ among heights. A significant negative regression was found for moth catch and the estimated codlemone emission rate from tube dispensers aged in the field 0-120 d in small plots (0.1 ha). No difference in moth catch was found for plots treated with Celcon hollow fiber dispensers emitting codlemone versus a 3-component blend. Emission rate was a significant factor affecting moth catch. Problems associated with using these data to establish a minimum effective pheromone emission rate for disruption of codling moth are discussed. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YALDMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1396 EP 1403 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600003 ER PT J AU Holsten, EH Werner, RA Develice, RL AF Holsten, EH Werner, RA Develice, RL TI Effects of a spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) outbreak and fire on Lutz spruce in Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus rufipennis; bark beetle; spruce; Picea; Alaska ID WHITE SPRUCE; CALAMAGROSTIS-CANADENSIS AB The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), has had a major effect on the spruce forests of southcentral Alaska. In one area of the Chugach National Forest, 51% of the Lutz spruce, Picea glauca X lutzii Little, or nearly 90% of the commercial stand volume was killed by spruce beetles during a 16-yr period. The majority of the tree losses occurred during the first 10 yr of the outbreak. Tree species composition remained essentially the same after the outbreak. Forest structure changed with decreased tree density, and species richness declined significantly on the unburned, spruce beetle-effected plots. This reduction in plant diversity was probably a result of the significant increase, and competitive advantage, of bluejoint grass, Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) Beauvois, and fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium L., in the heavily beetle-effected plots. Although species richness did not change 7 yr after a prescribed fire, species composition did change. Specifically, the occurrence and percentage of bluejoint and fireweed cover significantly increased. RP Holsten, EH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1539 EP 1547 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600021 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Hogmire, HW Schmitt, JJ AF Brown, MW Hogmire, HW Schmitt, JJ TI Competitive displacement of apple aphid by spirea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on apple as mediated by human activities SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphis pomi; Aphis spiraecola; competition ID POMI HOMOPTERA; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; SPIRAECOLA AB Survey data from 5 commercially managed apple orchards in West Virginia showed that spirea aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, was the more abundant species and that apple aphid, A, pomi De Geer, was present primarily during the late summer when apple is least suitable as a host for aphids. There was no significant positive or negative interaction between the distribution of the 2 species within orchards. In the laboratory, adult apple aphid survived longer at 15 degrees C than spirea aphid but produced the same total number of progeny. At 25 and 28 degrees C, spirea aphids produced more total progeny and more progeny per day than apple aphids. In an unsprayed orchard that had apple aphids introduced in the autumn of 1990, both species were equally abundant in the spring of 1991, but by the end of that summer spirea aphid was the only aphid species present. In a 2-species population model, reproductive differences between the species were sufficient for spirea aphid to dominate the guild quickly. Several different insecticide schedules marginally increased the rate at which spirea aphid replaced apple aphid. The model that most closely resembled field data had a delay in apple aphid immigration and a reduced rate of emigration as compared with spirea aphid. The reduced tendency to emigrate from apple is the one competitive advantage of apple aphid permitting them to remain in the system despite their reproductive disadvantage and greater susceptibility to insecticides. The use of insecticides that produce higher mortality of apple aphid have added to displacement by spirea aphid. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV, DIV PLANT & SOIL SCI, KEARNEYSVILLE, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN, 45 WILTSHIRE RD, KEARNEYSVILLE, WV 25430 USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1591 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600027 ER PT J AU Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW AF Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW TI Simulation model of Cephalonomia waterstoni (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) parasitizing the rusty grain beetle (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitoid; model; stored-product; biological control ID CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; INSECT; MANAGEMENT; TIME AB We have developed a simulation model of parasitic grain wasp, Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan), parasitizing the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). The model predicts host and parasitoid phenology based on grain temperature, using a distributed-delay method to simulate variance in developmental rate. The model accurately predicted both the time and magnitude of peak parasitoid density. Changing the timing of parasitoid release had a greater effect than releasing more parasitoids. Releasing parasitoids at day 20 instead of day 40 reduced the maximum host population by 75%. Parasitoids are most effective when releases are timed so that parasitoids find the Ist-produced 4th-instar. This model should be a valuable tool for developing a biological control program for C. ferrugineus on stored wheat. It can be used to predict the optimum time of release, the number of parasitoids to release, and the effects of other controls such as fall aeration. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1608 EP 1615 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600031 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW Hagstrum, DW AF Mankin, RW Hagstrum, DW TI Three-dimensional orientation of male Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) flying to calling females in a windless environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stored product moths; searching behavior; sex pheromone; communication ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; MALE GYPSY MOTHS; UPWIND FLIGHT; ZIGZAGGING FLIGHT; 3 DIMENSIONS; PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR; ODOR; ANEMOTAXIS; MECHANISM AB A male Cadra cautella (Walker) flying in a windless environment first reacts behaviorally to the sex pheromone plume of a calling female from a distance of approximate to 40 cm. Its angular velocity (turning rate in degrees per second) increases and, if it approaches within approximate to 20 cm, its velocity decreases gradually until it lands near the female. The orientation pattern differs from orientation in wind primarily in the fraction of turns with net movement away from the female, initially approximate to 0.5. This fraction decreases to approximate to 0.2 if the male approaches within approximate to 10 cm. Previously developed computer models suggest that such behavior is less efficient for finding a pheromone source than pheromone-stimulated optomotor anemotaxis but more efficient than random searching. Thus, it can be expected that pheromone effective at sampling remote populations of insects in a warehouse than in a helpful in pinpointing nearby infestations. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1616 EP 1626 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600032 ER PT J AU Mannion, CM Carpenter, JE Gross, HR AF Mannion, CM Carpenter, JE Gross, HR TI Integration of inherited sterility and a parasitoid, Archytas marmoratus (Diptera: Tachinidae), for managing Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Acceptability and suitability of hosts SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tachinidae; Archytas marmoratus; Noctuidae; Helicoverpa zea; inherited sterility ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; STAGE CORN; LARVAE; SUPPRESSION; POPULATIONS; RADIATION; MALES; WHORL AB One of the factors important to the successful integration of inherited sterility and biological control is the suitability of hosts from irradiated parents. In this study corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), larvae from irradiated parents were compared with larvae from normal parents as to their acceptance by and suitability for Archytas marmoratus (Townsend). Normal larvae and larvae from crosses of irradiated males with normal females were placed in whorl-stage corn and subsequently exposed to maggots of A. marmoratus. Host and parasitoid emergence was approximately equal from both the normal and the irradiation treatment; however, parasitism was greater in the normal hosts. In field-cage studies in which adult A. marmoratus were released and allowed to larviposit, percentage parasitism and emergence of H. zea and A. marmoratus were equal between the normal treatment and the irradiation treatment. When maggots were applied to caged plants, emergence of H. zee and A. marmoratus were both low. Significantly more H. zee emerged in the normal treatment than in the irradiation treatment and the application of maggots did not affect emergence of H. zea. There were no significant differences in emergence of A. marmoratus between the normal and irradiation treatments. In a concurrent laboratory study, emergence of H. zea did not differ between normal and irradiation treatment but was greatly reduced when exposed to maggots. Similarly, emergence of A. marmoratus was not affected by irradiation treatment. Larvae from a cross of irradiated males and normal females appear to be both acceptable and suitable for development and subsequent emergence of A. marmoratus. RP Mannion, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1679 EP 1684 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600040 ER PT J AU Smitley, DR Bauer, LS Hajek, AE Sapio, FJ Humber, RA AF Smitley, DR Bauer, LS Hajek, AE Sapio, FJ Humber, RA TI Introduction and establishment of Entomophaga maimaiga, a fungal pathogen of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; entomophthorales; Entomophaga maimaiga; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; biological control ID POPULATIONS; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; DISPAR; EPIZOOTICS; DYNAMICS AB In 1991, late instars of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were sampled and diagnosed for infections of the pathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper and for gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) at 50 sites in Michigan. Approximately 1,500 larvae were collected and reared from these sites, and no infections of E. maimaiga were detected. From 1991 to 1993, we tested the efficacy of 2 inoculative-release methods for E. maimaiga in replicated plots at 3 research sites by relocating soil containing E. maimaiga resting spores from Massachusetts to Michigan or by releasing inoculated larvae onto boles of trees. In the 2nd yr after introduction, E. maimaiga became established (9-40% infection) where both inoculation methods were used, and a low level of infection was detected in control plots (0.5-2.4%). In the 3rd yr, epizootics of E. maimaiga occurred at all 3 research sites, with the incidence of infection ranging from 20 to 99% in both treated and control plots. Infection levels were correlated with precipitation and relative humidity greater than or equal to 90% for 2 wk preceding larval sampling. In 1993, egg mass densities at the 3 E. maimaiga study sites averaged 3- to 10-fold lower than in adjacent oak forest. We found that it is easy to introduce E. maimaiga to new locations even in the midst of an epizootic of gypsy moth NPV and that E. maimaiga reduces gypsy moth populations to levels lower than that caused by NPV alone. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA,FOREST SERV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. MICHIGAN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,LANSING,MI 48909. USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Smitley, DR (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1685 EP 1695 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600041 ER PT J AU MoralesRamos, JA Summy, KR King, EG AF MoralesRamos, JA Summy, KR King, EG TI Estimating parasitism by Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) after inundative releases against the boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boil weevil; parasitism; life table; inundative releases; biological control ID BURKS HYMENOPTERA; MORTALITY; INCREASE AB Four methods were used to estimate mortality of the boil weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, from Catolaccus grandis (Burks) parasitism in 2 locations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, TX during 1992 and 1993 after inundative releases of this parasitoid. Percentage of parasitism was calculated from densities of parasitized and healthy hosts (3rd instars and pupae). The graphical method of Southwood and Jepson was used. Densities of emergence holes from cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., floral buds (squares) and bells by the parasitoid or host were determined. Life table analysis on boil weevil cohorts placed in the field was also used. Estimates of percentage of mortality from C. grandis parasitism ranged from 65 to 95% in 1992 and from 22 to 87% in 1993. Life table analysis and population density data showed evidence of suppression of boil weevil populations during 1992 and 1993 in all fields. Bell weevil survival (from egg to adult) in the control cotton fields ranged from 72.8 to 78.2%. In contrast, boil weevil survival was only 0.5-11.8% in the cotton fields treated with augmentative releases of C. grandis. RP MoralesRamos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SUBTROP AGR RES LAB, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1718 EP 1725 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600046 ER PT J AU Tang, YQ Yokomi, RK AF Tang, YQ Yokomi, RK TI Temperature-dependent development of three hymenopterous parasitoids of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) attacking citrus SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lysiphlebus; Aphelinus; Toxoptera; biological control AB Aphids attacking citrus can he serious pests when they transmit severe strains of citrus tristeza virus. As part of an environmental assessment of exotic parasitoids of aphids, we compared the thermal relationships of Aphelinus spiraecolae Evans & Schauff and Aphelinus gossypii Timberlake with the indigenous parasitoid, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), on the black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), in growth chambers in Florida. Overall, L. testaceipes development time was shorter than that of the aphelinids ranging from 18.7 to 42.5% less throughout the range of temperatures tested (15-30 degrees C). Development times between the aphelinids were similar except at 15 degrees C where A. spiraecolae required 3.5 d more than A. gossypii. Developmental thresholds and degree-day requirements for L. testaceipes were 7.5 degrees C and 212.8 DD; for A. spiraecolae were 7.9 degrees C and 294.1 DD; and for A. gossypii were 6.7 degrees C and 312.5 DD, respectively. Pupal mortality of L. testaceipes increased greatly at 27 degrees C and above, ranging from 24.8 to 44%; whereas mortality of the aphelinids remained low, ranging from 9.1 to 10.2% for A. sptraecolae, and 13.3 to 15.8% for A. gossypii. Based on these relationships, we anticipate that these parasitoids can coexist and that different thermal tolerances should broaden their potential as natural enemies of aphids attacking citrus. C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1736 EP 1740 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600048 ER PT J AU Dubois, NR Dean, DH AF Dubois, NR Dean, DH TI Synergism between CryIA insecticidal crystal proteins and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis, other bacterial spores, and vegetative cells against Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; synergism; bioassay; delta-endotoxins ID DELTA-ENDOTOXINS; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; KURSTAKI HD-1; GYPSY-MOTH; TOXICITY; TOXINS; MODE AB The lethality of CryIA(a) and CryIA(c) insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis to gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was significantly enhanced by the presence of either bacterial spores or vegetative cells of Escherichia coli and several forest epiphytic bacteria. Spores from B. cereus, B. megaterium, and B. subtilis were as effective synergizers of the CryIA insecticidal crystal proteins as spores from an acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis (HD-73 cry(-)). Klebsiella sp., K. pneumonia, Erwinia amylovora, E. rubrifaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas sp., X. campestris, Actinomyces sp. Corynebacterium sp., Flavobacterium sp., and Escherichia coli were effective synergizers of at least one of the CryIA toxins. Only P. syringae was not synergenic. In the absence of the CryIA toxins, none of the bacterial cell or spore synergists exhibited toxicity or inhibited larval growth or molt to the next instar. RP Dubois, NR (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES,NE FOREST EXPT STN,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 35 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1741 EP 1747 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TL696 UT WOS:A1995TL69600049 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Garton, DW AF Haag, WR Garton, DW TI Variation in genotype frequencies during the life history of the bivalve, Dreissena polymorpha SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE allele frequency clines; allozyme variation; bivalve life history; Dreissena polymorpha; ontogenetic planktonic larvae ID EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; GREAT-LAKES; HETEROZYGOTE DEFICIENCY; POPULATIONS; LARVAE; CLINE; IDENTIFICATION; VIABILITY; DYNAMICS C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT BIOL & PHYS SCI,KOKOMO,IN 46904. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST HYDROL LAB,POB 947,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD DEC PY 1995 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1284 EP 1288 DI 10.2307/2410455 PG 5 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TR695 UT WOS:A1995TR69500028 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS George, M AF Zarlenga, DS George, M TI Taenia crassiceps: Cloning and mapping of mitochondrial DNA and its application to the phenetic analysis of a new species of Taenia from southeast Asia SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Taenia crassiceps ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; POPULATION-GENETICS C1 HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 81 IS 4 BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1006/expr.1995.1155 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA TN324 UT WOS:A1995TN32400022 PM 8543003 ER PT J AU HUMPHREY, SB STANTON, TB JENSEN, NS AF HUMPHREY, SB STANTON, TB JENSEN, NS TI MITOMYCIN-C INDUCTION OF BACTERIOPHAGES FROM SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE AND SERPULINA-INNOCENS SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BACTERIOPHAGE; SERPULINA HYODYSENTERIAE; MITOMYCIN C INDUCTION; SWINE DYSENTERY; SPIROCHETE; VIRUS ID TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE AB A prophage was induced from cells of the pathogenic spirochaete Serpulina hyodysenteriae using mitomycin C, Five to seven hours after mitomycin C was added (8 mu g/ml, final concentration) to S. hyodysenteriae B204 cultures in BHIS broth (OD620 = 0.9) cell lysis was detected as a decrease in culture optical density. Bacteriophage particles attached to whole cells and to cell debris were detected by electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained (2% PTA, pH 7.0) bacteria harvested by centrifugation from mitomycin C treated cultures, The phage particles consisted of a head (45 nm diameter) and a tail (64 nm X 9 nm). Bacteria from untreated cultures lacked phages detectable by electron microscopy, The appearance of bacteriophage particles in mitomycin C treated cultures correlated with the appearance of extrachromosomal DNA, 7-8 kb in size as estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis, in DNA preparations from treated S. hyodysenteriae cells, When cultures of other S, hyodysenteriae strains (B78, B169, A-1, B8044, B6933, Ack300/8, R-l) and S. innocens 4/71 in BHIS were treated with mitomycin C (8-15 mu g/ml, final concentration), phages similar in morphology and size to the S. hyodysenteriae B204 phage were induced. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 134 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0378-1097(95)00392-I PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TJ236 UT WOS:A1995TJ23600017 PM 8593962 ER PT J AU Flenet, F Kiniry, JR AF Flenet, F Kiniry, JR TI Efficiency of biomass accumulation by sunflower as affected by glucose requirement of biosynthesis and leaf nitrogen content SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE glucose requirement; Helianthus annuus; nitrogen; radiation use; sunflower ID RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; YIELD; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES; MODEL AB The efficiency of biomass accumulation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) may decrease after anthesis as a result of decreased leaf nitrogen content and increased glucose requirement for biosynthesis. The generality of this phenomenon was examined in a field experiment conducted in 1994 near Temple, Texas with three levels of nitrogen supply (0, 114, and 228 kg N ha(-1)). Intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and plant biomass measurements were made on nine sampling dates from the head-visible stage to physiological maturity. Radiation-use efficiency (RUE) was evaluated as the slope of the relationship of dry matter to cumulative IPAR. RUE decreased after 17 days after the end of anthesis, but was not significantly affected by leaf nitrogen content. Thus, in the condition of this experiment, a decrease in specific leaf nitrogen is unlikely to explain the decline in RUE late in the season. TDM expressed in g of glucose increased linearly with cumulative IPAR until physiological maturity. This suggests that the decrease in the efficiency of biomass accumulation resulted from an increase in glucose requirement of biomass. C1 USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP Flenet, F (reprint author), INRA,CTR RECH TOULOUSE,BP 27,F-31326 CASTANET TOLOSAN,FRANCE. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2-3 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(95)00080-1 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UB777 UT WOS:A1995UB77700008 ER PT J AU LYONS, JR AF LYONS, JR TI URBAN RIVERS AND PROPERTY-RIGHTS SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material RP LYONS, JR (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 12 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA TH390 UT WOS:A1995TH39000001 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC AF Robacker, DC TI Attractiveness of a mixture of ammonia, methylamine and putrescine to Mexican fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a citrus orchard SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; trapping; lures; amines AB A mixture of ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl and putrescine (AMPu) was evaluated for attractiveness to gamma-irradiated Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), in a citrus orchard in 1-day tests. AMPu (10:10:1 mixture of ammonium bicarbonate:methylamine HCl:putrescine) was tested both in dilute aqueous solutions in the reservoir of McPhail traps and in more concentrated form in polypropylene tubes suspended in McPhail traps or fastened to yellow sticky ball traps. The most attractive concentration of AMPu used in aqueous solution captured only half as many flies as Torula yeast in McPhail traps. AMPu (6:10:1 mixture of ammonium carbonate:methylamine HCl:putrescine) formulated into agar and tested in tubes fastened to sticky ball traps captured as many male and female flies as Torula yeast in McPhail traps. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECTS RES,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 571 EP 578 DI 10.2307/3496042 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TM928 UT WOS:A1995TM92800003 ER PT J AU Lockley, TC AF Lockley, TC TI Observations of predation on alate queens of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by the black and yellow garden spider (Araneae: Araneidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article RP Lockley, TC (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,PPQ,IFA,3505 25TH AVE,GULFPORT,MS 39501, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 609 EP 610 DI 10.2307/3496046 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TM928 UT WOS:A1995TM92800007 ER PT J AU Macom, TE Landolt, PJ AF Macom, TE Landolt, PJ TI Elasmus polistis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) recovered from nests of Polistes dorsalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article RP Macom, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 612 EP 614 DI 10.2307/3496048 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TM928 UT WOS:A1995TM92800009 ER PT J AU White, WH Reagan, TE Sosa, O AF White, WH Reagan, TE Sosa, O TI The sugarcane delphacid (Homoptera: Delphacidae) extends its North American range into Louisiana SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PERKINSIELLA C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,SUGARCANE PROD RES,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. RP White, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SURGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 617 EP 619 DI 10.2307/3496050 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TM928 UT WOS:A1995TM92800011 ER PT J AU Rayburn, JR Friedman, M Bantle, JA AF Rayburn, JR Friedman, M Bantle, JA TI Synergistic interaction of glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine on developmental toxicity in Xenopus embryos SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS; POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; FETAX; ALKALOIDS AB The embryo toxicities of two major potato glycoalkaloids, alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, were examined individually and in mixtures using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus. Calculations of toxic units (TUs) were used to assess possible antagonism, synergism or response addition of several mixtures ranging from approximately 3:1 to 1:20 TUs of alpha-chaconine to alpha-solanine. Some combinations exhibited strong synergism in the following measures of developmental toxicity: (a) 96-hr LC(50), defined as the median concentration causing 50% embryo lethality; (b) 96-hr EC(50) (malformation), defined as the concentration causing 50% malformation of the surviving embryos; and (c) teratogenic index which is equal to LC(50)/EC(50) (malformation). The results indicated that each of the mixtures caused synergistic mortality or malformation Furthermore, these studies suggested that the synergism observed for a specific mixture cannot be used to predict possible synergism of other mixtures with different ratios of the two glycoalkaloids; toxicities observed for individual glycoalkaloids may not be able to predict toxicities of mixtures; and specific combinations found in different potato varieties need to be tested to assess the safety of a particular cultivar. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1013 EP 1019 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(95)00081-X PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA TL611 UT WOS:A1995TL61100003 PM 8846996 ER PT J AU Rayburn, JR Bantle, JA Qualls, CW Friedman, M AF Rayburn, JR Bantle, JA Qualls, CW Friedman, M TI Protective effects of glucose-6-phosphate and NADP against alpha-chaconine-induced developmental toxicity in Xenopus embryos SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC-ACTIVATION SYSTEM; TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS; FETAX AB In previous studies a metabolic activation system (MAS) composed of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver microsomes led to an apparent reduction of potato glycoalkaloid developmental toxicity in the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). The reasons for this reduction were investigated in this study. The effect of the exogenous MAS on glycoalkaloid developmental toxicity was examined in two experiments in which a concentration series of alpha-chaconine was tested with a MAS with and without a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) generator system consisting of NADPH, oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADP), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The NADPH generator system and each of its individual components were tested ata single high concentration of alpha-chaconine to evaluate their potential effects on toxicity. The findings indicated that the protective effect of the MAS was not the result of detoxification by microsomal enzyme systems, but was caused by two components of the NADPH generator system, namely NADP and G6P. G6P was more protective of alpha-chaconine-induced toxicity than NADP at the concentrations tested. Thus, FETAX with a MAS must be performed with appropriate controls that take into account the possible interactions with individual components of the system. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. USDA ARS,WESSEX REG MED ONCOL UNIT,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1021 EP 1025 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(95)00080-1 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA TL611 UT WOS:A1995TL61100004 PM 8846997 ER PT J AU Chen, AH Wan, PJ AF Chen, AH Wan, PJ TI Food industry in China: Past, present, and future SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70719. RP Chen, AH (reprint author), C&W INT,30 INVERNESS RD,HALF MOON BAY,CA 94019, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 49 IS 12 BP 65 EP 67 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA TL866 UT WOS:A1995TL86600012 ER PT J AU Merwin, ML Martin, JA Westfall, RD AF Merwin, ML Martin, JA Westfall, RD TI Provenance and progeny variation in growth and frost tolerance of Casuarina cunninghamiana in California, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; selection; genetic gain; Casuarina; provenance trial; frost tolerance ID MIQ AB Field trials of Casuarina cunninghamiana, including 130 open-pollinated families from 13 provenances in New South Wales, Australia, were established in 1987 at five field sites in California, USA. Based on growth and survival at 60 months after planting, significant genetic variation was observed both between and within provenances. Significant differences among provenances were also observed in frost injury rating following the occurrence of mid-winter temperatures as low as - 13 degrees C. The results of this study indicate that the growth and frost tolerance of C. cunninghamiana in California can be improved by proper choice of provenance and selection within provenances. C1 INT TREE CROPS INST USA INC,DAVIS,CA 95617. CALIF DEPT FORESTRY & FIRE PROTECT,DAVIS,CA 95617. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 79 IS 3 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(95)03612-1 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TM335 UT WOS:A1995TM33500001 ER PT J AU DeGraaf, RM AF DeGraaf, RM TI Nest predation rates in managed and reserved extensive northern hardwood forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE artificial nest; nest predation; remote-triggered camera; hardwood ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; EDGE; DEPREDATION; BIRDS; SUCCESS; SIZE AB Depredation rates on artificial ground and shrub nests in large blocks of managed and remote reserved northern hardwood forests were studied in the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF) (303 930 ha) in New Hampshire, USA, from June to August 1991. Both types of nests were monitored by trip cameras that recorded depredations as eggs were removed. No differences in nest predation rates were found for either ground or shrub nests between managed and reserved forest blocks. Elevated nest predation rates are generally considered to be indicative of fragmented forest conditions; the results of this study suggest that extensive northern hardwood forests in northern New England are not fragmented by even-aged silviculture with clearcut regeneration, which is commonly used to manage northern hardwoods. All identified nest predators were mammals. RP DeGraaf, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 79 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(95)03594-X PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TM335 UT WOS:A1995TM33500007 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Butler, RS Hartfield, PD AF Haag, WR Butler, RS Hartfield, PD TI An extraordinary reproductive strategy in fresh water bivalves: Prey mimicry to facilitate larval dispersal SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOCHIDIA; UNIONIDAE; MOLLUSCA; VIRGINIA; MUSSELS AB 1. Females of the North American freshwater bivalve Lampsilis perovalis release their larvae, which are obligate parasites on fish, in a discrete mass (superconglutinate) resembling a small fish in shape and coloration. After release, the mass remains tethered to the female by a long, transparent, mucous strand and, in stream currents, displays a darting motion that further mimics a small fish. 2. Release of superconglutinates was observed in March and April at water temperatures of 14-17 degrees C. However, superconglutinates detached from the parent mussel were observed from March to June at water temperatures of 11-26 degrees C, indicating that release may occur into the summer. 3. The superconglutinate lure may function to attract a predaceous fish to ingest the mass, ensuring that the larvae are exposed to a suitable host. 4. This reproductive strategy was confirmed recently to occur in a congener, L. subangulata and is suspected to occur in another congener, L. australis. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32216. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,JACKSON,MS 39213. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST HYDROL LAB,SO RES STN,POB 947,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00904.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TP034 UT WOS:A1995TP03400006 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, CG GOODMAN, MM STUBER, CW AF WILLIAMS, CG GOODMAN, MM STUBER, CW TI COMPARATIVE RECOMBINATION DISTANCES AMONG ZEA-MAYS L - INBREDS, WIDE CROSSES AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; F2 POPULATIONS; MAIZE; CONSTRUCTION; TEOSINTE; MARKERS AB Recombination distances and linkage heterogeneity were compared among a wide range of maize inbreds, wide crosses and maize x teosinte hybrids. Twelve maize and four teosinte races were back-crossed to stocks fixed for rare marker alleles on chromosome arm 1L. Recombination fraction estimates were higher for exotic germplasm than for either U.S. maize or maize X teosinte crosses. Serrano, Tuxpeno and a US-adapted inbred line of tropical origin, NC300, exhibited enhanced recombination. Three of the four maize x teosinte hybrids had little or no recombination between two loci. The observed recombination ''shrinkage'' resulted from an apparent inversion in the vicinity of the Amp1 locus. Average recombination distances among common marker loci for composite maps were highly variable, even when map construction was restricted to maize germplasm of similar origins. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WILLIAMS, CG (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 48 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1995 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1573 EP 1581 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TH419 UT WOS:A1995TH41900028 PM 8601495 ER PT J AU Somers, DJ Gustafson, JP AF Somers, DJ Gustafson, JP TI The expression of aluminum stress induced polypeptides in a population segregating for aluminum tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE wheat; aluminum; protein synthesis; segregation ID PROTEINS; CULTIVARS; TOXICITY; ROOTS; ACID AB This study examined the changes in gene expression induced by aluminum (Al) stress in wheat root tips. Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Katepwa (Al sensitive), Maringa (Al tolerant), and Alikat (Al tolerant near isoline; 'Katepwa'*3/'Maringa') and a F-2 population derived from 'Katepwa' x 'Alikat', were grown for 3 days in either 0 or 1 mu g . mL(-1) Al. Polypeptides were labeled with S-35-methionine prior to separation by gel electrophoresis. There were a few polypeptides from whole cell lysates that showed enhanced expression in all of the genotypes in 1 mu g . mL(-1) Al, however, the whole cell lysate and microsomal polypeptide profiles also revealed numerous unique changes in gene expression in Al-sensitive 'Katepwa' at 1 mu g . mL(-1) Al; the latter cosegregated with only the Al-sensitive F-2 bulks. The microsomal polypeptide profiles of the Al-tolerant lines 'Maringa' and 'Alikat' changed marginally in the presence of Al and these changes were also reflected in the Al-tolerant F-2 bulks. The data showed that there were many changes in gene expression which cosegregated with Al sensitivity and suggest that Al tolerance in wheat may rely on constitutively expressed polypeptides. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, USDA ARS, PLANT GENET RES UNIT, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP Somers, DJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT AGRON, PLANT SCI UNIT, CURTIS HALL, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1995 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1213 EP 1220 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA TL863 UT WOS:A1995TL86300019 PM 18470241 ER PT J AU Wang, RRC Wei, JZ AF Wang, RRC Wei, JZ TI Variations of two repetitive DNA sequences in several Triticeae genomes revealed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE repetitive sequence; PCR; genome; evolution; Thinopyrum; Triticeae ID THINOPYRUM-BESSARABICUM; LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; AMPLIFICATION AB Genomes of Triticeae were analyzed using PCR with synthesized primers that were based on two published repetitive DNA sequences, pLeUCD2 (pLe2) and 1-E6hcII-1 (L02368), which were originally isolated from Thinopyrum elongatum. The various genomes produced a 240 bp PCR product having high homology with the repetitive DNA pLe2. The PCR fragments produced from different genomes differed mainly in amplification quantity and in base composition at 89 variable sites. On the other hand, amplification products from the primer set for L02368 were of different sizes and nucleotide sequences. These results show that the two repetitive DNA sequences have different evolutionary significance. pLe2 is present in all genomes tested, although differences in copy number and nucleotide sequence are notable. L02368 is more genome specific, i.e., fewer genomes possess this family of repetitive sequences. It was concluded that the repetitive sequence pLe2 family is an ancient one that existed in the progenitor genome prior to divergence of annual and perennial genomes. In contrast, sequences similar to L02368 have only evolved following genome divergence. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1995 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1229 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA TL863 UT WOS:A1995TL86300020 PM 8654916 ER PT J AU Wei, JZ Wang, RRC AF Wei, JZ Wang, RRC TI Genome- and species-specific markers and genome relationships of diploid perennial species in Triticeae based on RAPD analyses SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Triticeae; perennial; diploid; genome; RAPD; genome-specific markers ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; SEQUENCES; WHEAT; AMPLIFICATION; POACEAE; HYBRIDS AB Eight different genomes (E, H, I, P, R, St, W, and Ns) represented by 22 diploid species of the tribe Triticeae were analyzed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The genome relationships were obtained based on 371 RAPD fragments produced with 30 primers. The four species of the genus Psathyrostachys (having various Ns genomes) were closely related. The genomes E(e) and E(b) had a similarly close relationship and were distinct from all other genomes analyzed. Genomes P, R, and St were grouped in one cluster and genomes H and I in another. Genome W had a distant relationship with all other genomes. These results agree with the conclusions from studies of chromosome pairing and isozyme and DNA sequence analyses. Twenty-nine and 11 RAPD fragments are considered to be genome- and species-specific markers, respectively. One to six genome-specific markers were identified for each genome. These RAPD markers are useful in studies of genome evolution, analysis of genome composition, and genome identification. RP Wei, JZ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 39 TC 45 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1995 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1236 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA TL863 UT WOS:A1995TL86300021 PM 18470242 ER PT J AU Wei, JZ Campbell, WF Wang, RRC AF Wei, JZ Campbell, WF Wang, RRC TI Standard Giemsa C-banded karyotype of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) and its use in identification of a deletion translocation heterozygote SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Psathyrostachys juncea; karyotype; Giemsa C-banding; polymorphism; B chromosome ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WHEAT; HYBRIDIZATION; RESISTANCE; AGROPYRON; SECALE AB Ten accessions of Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (2n = 2x = 14; NsNs), collected from different geographical regions were analyzed using the C-banding technique. C-banding pattern polymorphisms were observed at all levels, i.e., within homologous chromosome pairs of the same plant, among different individuals within accessions, between different accessions of the same geographic area, and among accessions of different origins. The seven homologous groups varied in the level of C-banding pattern polymorphism; chromosomes A, B, E, and F were more variable than chromosomes C, D, and G. The polymorphisms did not hamper chromosome identification in Ps. juncea, because each chromosome pair of the Ns genome had a different basic C-banding pattern and karyotypic character. A standard C-banded karyotype of Ps. juncea is proposed based on the overall karyotypes and C-bands in the 10 accessions. The C-bands on the Ns-genome chromosomes were designated according to the rules of nomenclature used in wheat. A deletion-translocation heterozygote of Russian wildrye was identified based on the karyotype and C-banding patterns established. The chromosome F pair consisted of a chromosome having the distal segment in the long arm deleted and a translocated chromosome having the distal segment of long arm replaced by the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome E. The chromosome E pair had a normal chromosome E and a translocated chromosome having the short arm and the proximal segment of the long arm of chromosome E and the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome F. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP Wei, JZ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1995 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1262 EP 1270 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA TL863 UT WOS:A1995TL86300026 PM 18470244 ER PT J AU Wei, JZ Campbell, WF Scoles, GJ Slinkard, AE Wang, RRC AF Wei, JZ Campbell, WF Scoles, GJ Slinkard, AE Wang, RRC TI Cytological identification of some trisomics of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Russian wildrye; Psathyrostachys juncea; trisomic; C-banding; karyotype ID TISSUE-CULTURE; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSES; TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; A-GENOME; TELOTRISOMICS; WHEAT AB Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (2n = 2x = 14; NsNs), is an important forage grass and a potential source of germplasm for cereal crop improvement. Because of genetic heterogeneity as a result of its self-incompatibility, it is difficult to identify trisomics of this diploid species based on morphological characters alone. Putative trisomics (2n = 2x + 1 = 15), derived from open pollination of a triploid plant by pollen grains of diploid plants, were characterized by Giemsa C-banding. Based on both karyotypic criteria and C-banding patterns, four of the seven possible primary trisomics, a double-deletion trisomic, and two tertiary trisomics were identified. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT CROP SCI & PLANT ECOL,SASKATOON,SK S7N 5A8,CANADA. RP Wei, JZ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1995 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1278 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA TL863 UT WOS:A1995TL86300027 PM 18470245 ER PT J AU MELILLO, JM BORCHERS, J CHANEY, J FISHER, H FOX, S HAXELTINE, A JANETOS, A KICKLIGHTER, DW KITTEL, TGF MCGUIRE, AD MCKEOWN, R NEILSON, R NEMANI, R OJIMA, DS PAINTER, T PAN, Y PARTON, WJ PIERCE, L PITELKA, L PRENTICE, C RIZZO, B ROSENBLOOM, NA RUNNING, S SCHIMEL, DS SITCH, S SMITH, T WOODWARD, I AF MELILLO, JM BORCHERS, J CHANEY, J FISHER, H FOX, S HAXELTINE, A JANETOS, A KICKLIGHTER, DW KITTEL, TGF MCGUIRE, AD MCKEOWN, R NEILSON, R NEMANI, R OJIMA, DS PAINTER, T PAN, Y PARTON, WJ PIERCE, L PITELKA, L PRENTICE, C RIZZO, B ROSENBLOOM, NA RUNNING, S SCHIMEL, DS SITCH, S SMITH, T WOODWARD, I TI VEGETATION ECOSYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS PROJECT - COMPARING BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODELS IN A CONTINENTAL-SCALE STUDY OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES TO CLIMATE-CHANGE AND CO2 DOUBLING SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; GENERAL-MODEL; FOREST; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; BALANCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENSITIVITY; EXCHANGE AB We compare the simulations of three biogeography models (BIOME2, Dynamic Global Phytogeography Model (DOLY), and Mapped Atmosphere-Plant Soil System (MAPSS)) and three biogeochemistry models (BIOME-BGC (BioGeochemistry Cycles), CENTURY, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM)) for the conterminous United States under contemporary conditions of atmospheric CO2 and climate. We also compare the simulations of these models under doubled CO2 and a range of climate scenarios. For contemporary conditions, the biogeography models successfully simulate the geographic distribution of major vegetation types and have similar estimates of area for forests (42 to 46% of the conterminous United States), grasslands (17 to 27%), savannas (15 to 25%), and shrublands (14 to 18%). The biogeochemistry models estimate similar continental-scale net primary production (NPP; 3125 to 3772 x 10(12) gC yr(-1)) and total carbon storage (108 to 118 x 10(15) gC) for contemporary conditions. Among the scenarios of doubled CO2 and associated equilibrium climates produced by the three general circulation models (Oregon State University (OSU), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO)), all three biogeography models show both gains and losses of total forest area depending on the scenario (between 38 and 53% of conterminous United States area). The only consistent gains in forest area with all three models (BIOME2, DOLY, and MAPSS) were under the GFDL scenario due to large increases in precipitation. MAPSS lost forest area under UKMO, DOLY under OSU, and BIOME2 under both UKMO and OSU, The variability in forest area estimates occurs because the hydrologic cycles of the biogeography models have different sensitivities to increases in temperature and CO2. However, in general, the biogeography models produced broadly similar results when incorporating both climate change and elevated CO2 concentrations. For these scenarios, the NPP estimated by the biogeochemistry models increases between 2% (BIOME-BGC with UKMO climate) and 35% (TEM with UKMO climate). Changes in total carbon storage range from losses of 33% (BIOME-BGC with UKMO climate) to gains of 16% (TEM with OSU climate). The CENTURY responses of NPP and carbon storage are positive and intermediate to the responses of BIOME-BGC and TEM. The variability in carbon cycle responses occurs because the hydrologic and nitrogen cycles of the biogeochemistry models have different sensitivities to increases in temperature and CO2. When the biogeochemistry models are run with the vegetation distributions of the biogeography models, NPP ranges from no response (BIOME-BGCwith all three biogeography model vegetations for UKMO climate) to increases of 40% (TEM with MAPSS vegetation for OSU climate). The total carbon storage response ranges from a decrease of 39% (BIOME-BGC with MAPSS vegetation for UKMO climate) to an increase of 32% (TEM with MAPSS vegetation for OSU and GFDL climates). The UKMO responses of BIOME-BGC with MAPSS vegetation are primarily caused by decreases in forested area and temperature-induced water stress, The OSU and GFDL responses of TEM with MAPSS vegetations are primarily caused by forest expansion and temperature-enhanced nitrogen cycling. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US FOREST SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27606. LUND UNIV,S-22361 LUND,SWEDEN. NASA,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,ALASKA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV MONTANA,MISSOULA,MT 59812. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,CTR REMOTE SENSING & ENVIRONM OPT,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT ANIM & PLANT SCI,SHEFFIELD S10 2UQ,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. UNIV CORP ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. UNIV COLORADO,INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES,DEPT GEOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP MELILLO, JM (reprint author), MARINE BIOL LAB,CTR ECOSYST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016; Kittel, Timothy/F-2792-2011; Woodward, Ian/B-7762-2008; Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015; Sitch, Stephen/F-8034-2015 OI Kittel, Timothy/0000-0002-4153-1006; Sitch, Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561 NR 87 TC 252 Z9 263 U1 4 U2 68 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 407 EP 437 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TG011 UT WOS:A1995TG01100001 ER PT J AU POTH, M ANDERSON, IC MIRANDA, HS MIRANDA, AC RIGGAN, PJ AF POTH, M ANDERSON, IC MIRANDA, HS MIRANDA, AC RIGGAN, PJ TI THE MAGNITUDE AND PERSISTENCE OF SOIL NO, N2O, CH4, AND CO, FLUXES FROM BURNED TROPICAL SAVANNA IN BRAZIL SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUX; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; METHANE EMISSION; FOREST; FIRE; DEFORESTATION; CONSUMPTION; TERMITES; SEASON AB Among all global ecosystems, tropical savannas are the most severely and extensively affected by anthropogenic burning. Frequency of fire in cerrado,a type of tropical savanna covering 25% of Brazil, is 2 to 4 years. In 1992 we measured soil fluxes of NO, N2O, CH4, and CO2 from cerrado sites that had been burned within the previous 2 days, 30 days, 1 year, and from a control site last burned in 1976. NO and N2O fluxes responded dramatically to fire with the highest fluxes observed from newly burned soils after addition of water. Emissions of N-trace gases after burning were of similar magnitude to estimated emissions during combustion. NO fluxes immediately after burning are among the highest observed for any ecosystem studied to date. These rates declined with time after burning and had returned to control levels 1 year after the burn. An assessment of our data suggested that tropical savanna, burned or unburned, is a major source of NO to the troposphere. Cerrado appeared to be a minor source of N2O and a sink for atmospheric CH4. Burning also elevated CO2 fluxes, which remained detectably elevated 1 year later. C1 VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI,COLL WILLIAM & MARY,GLOUCESTER POINT,VA 23062. UNIV BRASILIA,DEPT ECOL,BR-70910900 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. RP POTH, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Miranda, Heloisa/H-7833-2015 NR 48 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1029/95GB02086 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TG011 UT WOS:A1995TG01100007 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Garcia, RL LaMorte, RL Wall, GW Hunsaker, DJ Wechsung, G Wechsung, F Kartschall, T AF Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Garcia, RL LaMorte, RL Wall, GW Hunsaker, DJ Wechsung, G Wechsung, F Kartschall, T TI Productivity and water use of wheat under free-air CO2 enrichment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wheat Growth under Global Environmental Change CY APR, 1995 CL ST ANDREWS, SCOTLAND SP Soc Exptl Biol, Environm Physiol Grp DE CO2; global change; growth; water use; wheat; yield ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CROP YIELD; TEMPERATURE; COTTON; GROWTH AB A free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted at Maricopa, Arizona, on wheat from December 1992 through May 1993. The FACE apparatus maintained the CO2 concentration, [CO2], at 550 mu mol mol(-1) across four replicate 25-m-diameter circular plots under natural conditions in an open field. Four matching Control plots at ambient [CO2] (about 370 mu mol mol(-1)) were also installed in the field. In addition to the two levels of [CO2], there were ample (Wet) and limiting (Dry) levels of water supplied through a subsurface drip irrigation system in a strip, split-plot design. Measurements were made of net radiation, R(n); soil heat flux, G(o); soil temperature; foliage or surface temperature; air dry and wet bulb temperatures; and wind speed. Sensible heat flux, H, was calculated from the wind and temperature measurements. Latent heat nux, lambda ET, and evapotranspiration, ET, were determined as the residual in the energy balance. The FACE treatment reduced daily total R(n) by an average 4%. Daily FACE sensible heat flux, H, was higher in the FACE plots. Daily latent heat flux, lambda ET, and evapotranspiration, ET, were consistently lower in the FACE plots than in the Control plots for most of the growing season, about 8% on the average. Net canopy photosynthesis was stimulated by an average 19 and 44% in the Wet and Dry plots, respectively, by elevated [CO2] for most of the growing season. No significant acclimation or down regulation was observed. There was little above-ground growth response to elevated [CO2] early in the season when temperatures were cool. Then, as temperatures warmed into spring, the FACE plants grew about 20% more than the Control plants at ambient [CO2], as shown by above-ground biomass accumulation. Root biomass accumulation was also stimulated about 20%. In May the FACE plants matured and senesced about a week earlier than the Controls in the Wet plots. The FACE plants averaged 0.6 degrees C warmer than the Controls from February through April in the well-watered plots, and we speculate that this temperature rise contributed to the earlier maturity. Because of the acceleration of senescence, there was a shortening of the duration of grain filling, and consequently, there was a narrowing of the final biomass and yield differences. The 20% mid-season growth advantage of FACE shrunk to about an 8% yield advantage in the Wet plots, while the yield differences between FACE and Control remained at about 20% in the Dry plots. C1 HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN,O-1086 BERLIN,GERMANY. POTSDAM INST CLIMATE IMPACT RES,POTSDAM,GERMANY. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 EAST BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 48 TC 217 Z9 241 U1 9 U2 69 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 6 BP 429 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.1995.tb00041.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TQ838 UT WOS:A1995TQ83800006 ER PT J AU Grant, RF Garcia, RL Pinter, PJ Hunsaker, D Wall, GW Kimball, BA LaMorte, RL AF Grant, RF Garcia, RL Pinter, PJ Hunsaker, D Wall, GW Kimball, BA LaMorte, RL TI Interaction between atmospheric CO2 concentration and water deficit on gas exchange and crop growth: Testing of ecosys with data from the Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wheat Growth under Global Environmental Change CY APR, 1995 CL ST ANDREWS, SCOTLAND SP Soc Exptl Biol, Environm Physiol Grp DE atmospheric CO2; crop growth; ecosys; gas exchange; simulation modelling; water deficit ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; WINTER-WHEAT; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBOXYLASE-OXYGENASE; BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL; SIMULATION-MODEL; SOYBEAN LEAVES; ROOT-GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MAIZE AB Soil water deficits are likely to influence the response of crop growth and yield to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (C-a), but the extent of this influence is uncertain. To study the interaction of water deficits and C-a on crop growth, the ecosystem simulation model ecosys was tested with data for diurnal gas exchange and seasonal wheat growth measured during 1993 under high and low irrigation at C-a = 370 and 550 mu mol mol(-1) in the Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment near Phoenix, AZ. The model, supported by the data from canopy gas exchange enclosures, indicated that under high irrigation canopy conductance (g(c)) at C-a = 550 mu mol mol(-1) was reduced to about 0.75 that at C-a = 370 mu mol mol(-1), but that under low irrigation, g(c) was reduced less. Consequently when C-a was increased from 370 to 550 mu mol mol(-1), canopy transpiration was reduced less, and net CO2 fixation was increased more, under low irrigation than under high irrigation. The simulated effects of C-a and irrigation on diurnal gas exchange were also apparent on seasonal water use and grain yield. Simulated vs. measured seasonal water use by wheat under high irrigation was reduced by 6% vs. 4% at C-a = 550 vs. 370 mu mol mol(-1), but that under low irrigation was increased by 3% vs. 5%. Simulated vs. measured grain yield of wheat under high irrigation was increased by 16% vs. 8%, but that under low irrigation was increased by 38% vs. 21%. In ecosys, the interaction between C-a and irrigation on diurnal gas exchange, and hence on seasonal crop growth and water use, was attributed to a convergence of simulated g(c) towards common values under both C-a as canopy turgor declined. This convergence caused transpiration to decrease comparatively less, but CO2 fixation to increase comparatively more, under high vs. low C-a. Convergence of g(c) was in turn attributed to improved turgor maintenance under elevated C-a caused by greater storage C concentrations in the leaves, and by greater rooting density in the soil. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85042. RP Grant, RF (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2E3,CANADA. OI Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231 NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 6 BP 443 EP 454 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.1995.tb00042.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TQ838 UT WOS:A1995TQ83800007 ER PT J AU WELLSO, SG HOXIE, RP AF WELLSO, SG HOXIE, RP TI TILLERING RESPONSE OF MONON AND NEWTON WINTER WHEATS INFESTED WITH BIOTYPE-L HESSIAN-FLY (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) LARVAE SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Two wheat, Triticum aestivum, cultivars that differed in their ability to tiller were infested by ovipositing Hessian flies, Mayetiola destructor, under similar controlled conditions. Since a larva typically stunts and kills the stem where it feeds and develops, tiller development of fly infested-wheat seedlings is an important plant trait relative to grain yield. 'Monon' tillered more than 'Newton at the 0 infestation level (control). 'Monon' had about the same number of tillers at 0, 1, 2, and 3 puparia (indicative of the number of feeding larvae) per plant; and 'Newton' had fewer tillers at 0 than 1, 2, or 3 puparia per stem. However, tillering of both cultivars was less at 4 or more puparia per stem, perhaps due to the depletion of plant nutrients. In general, for both cultivars there was a decrease in leaf length, number and wet weight as the number of puparia increased per tiller. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,INSECT & WEED CONTROL RES UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 235 EP 239 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QX074 UT WOS:A1995QX07400008 ER PT J AU Chen, NX Hausman, GJ Wright, JT AF Chen, NX Hausman, GJ Wright, JT TI Influence of age and fetal hypophysectomy on porcine preadipocytes: Insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) response, receptor binding and IGF binding proteins secretion SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE preadipocytes; development; IGF-I; IGFBPs; fetal hypophysectomy; fetal pigs ID SERUM-FREE MEDIUM; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CARRIER PROTEIN; DNA-SYNTHESIS; PIG FETUSES; DIFFERENTIATION; CULTURES; CELLS; THYROXINE; ONTOGENY AB The effects of fetal hypophysectomy (hyper) and age on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) response, receptor binding and IGF-I & IGF binding protein secretion by porcine preadipocytes was examined. Primary cultures of stromal vascular (SV) cells derived from fetal and postnatal adipose tissue were established and exposed to test media (different concentrations of pig serum with or without IGF-I) for morphological study or to serum-free media for measuring IGF-I receptor binding and IGF-I & IGFBPs secretion. Conditioned media were collected and subjected to IGF-I RIA and ligand blot and immunoblot analysis. IGF-I significantly stimulated total cell growth (determined by DNA levels) and increased fat cell cluster number and lipid deposition in porcine S-V cultures (determined by image analysis). Although the pattern of response to IGF-I was similar in fetal and postnatal cultures, the response was greater in fetal cultures. The mitogenic and adipogenic response of fetal preadipocytes to IGF-I was impaired by fetal hyper. Specific IGF-I binding sites on fetal preadipocytes had a higher binding affinity for IGF-I (K-d=2.82+/-0.28 nM) than did postnatal preadipocytes (K-d=7.28 +/- 1.52 nM, P < 0.05). Preadipocytes secreted IGF-I and four IGFBPs (BP-1, -2, -3, and -4) in a developmentally regulated manner. For example, IGFBP-2, and -3 were predominant binding proteins secreted by fetal preadipocytes which represented 47% and 30% of the total, respectively. IGFBP-1 was the major binding protein secreted by postnatal preadipocytes. Furthermore, fetal cells secreted greater amounts of IGF-I in cultures than did postnatal cells (2428+/-205 pg/ml vs. 870+/-31 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Fetal hyper caused a decrease from 47% to 68% of control values in all four IGFBPs secreted by preadipocytes. The changes in IGF-I receptor binding and IGF-I and IGFBP secretion by preadipocytes may account for altered response of preadipocytes to IGF-I. Thus, secretion of IGF-I and IGFBPs, IGF-I binding and response of porcine preadipocytes were affected by age and fetal hyper. The results indicated that locally produced IGF-I and IGFBPs may play a critical paracrine/autocrine role during fetal adipose development. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD WIN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 193 EP 206 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA TQ109 UT WOS:A1995TQ10900004 PM 8770611 ER PT J AU Bretting, PK Widrlechner, MP AF Bretting, PK Widrlechner, MP TI Genetic markers and horticultural germplasm management SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MIXED BEAN POPULATIONS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; PLANT IMPROVEMENT; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; DNA MARKERS; GERM PLASM; MAIZE; AMPLIFICATION RP Bretting, PK (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON, N CENT REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 149 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1349 EP 1356 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL206 UT WOS:A1995TL20600004 ER PT J AU Thompson, AE Lee, CW Gass, RE AF Thompson, AE Lee, CW Gass, RE TI Development of hybrid Baccharis plants for desert landscaping SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. MT STATES WHOLESALE NURSERY,GLENDALE,AZ 85067. RP Thompson, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1357 EP 1362 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL206 UT WOS:A1995TL20600005 ER PT J AU Potjewijd, R Nisperos, MO Burns, JK Parish, M Baldwin, EA AF Potjewijd, R Nisperos, MO Burns, JK Parish, M Baldwin, EA TI Cellulose-based coatings as carriers for Candida guillermondii and Debaryomyces sp in reducing decay of oranges SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biocontrol agent; yeast; Citrus sinensis; Penicillium digitatum; carboxymethylcellulose; methylcellulose; hydroxypropylcellulose ID POSTHARVEST BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CITRUS-FRUIT; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; VEGETABLES; DISEASES; YEASTS; FUNGICIDES; BIOCONTROL; HANSENII; GREEN AB Varying the cellulose component of coating formulations affected the survival of two yeast biocontrol agents, Candida guillermondii (Castelani) Langeron and Guerra strain US7 and Debaryomyces sp. strain 230, when these yeasts were incorporated into the coating. Using methylcellulose as the main film-former gave the most recovery of the yeasts after an incubation period for both strains. Significant control of decay on naturally infected 'Pineapple' and 'Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] was demonstrated for US7 in a methylcellulose-based coating for the first 2 to 4 weeks of storage at 16C and 90% relative humidity. During this time, US7 in methylcellulose formulations was similar in decay control to a commercial shellac coating with imazalil at 2000 mg . liter(-1). A US7 concentration of at least 10(5) colony-forming units/cm was maintained on the coated fruit surface of 'Valencia' oranges for 3 weeks of storage. Suppression of decay by US7 was improved by the addition of glucose and calcium chloride to the coating formulation. Although nearly equal in concentration recovered, Debaryomyces strain 230 was not as effective as US7 in disease suppression of 'Pineapple' oranges. The addition of US7 to Nature Seal, a coating material made with methylcellulose, had neither a quantitative nor a qualitative effect on the pathogen population compared to the same formulation without the antagonist. Chemical name used: 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-1H-imidazole (imazalil). C1 LANDBOUWUNIV WAGENINGEN AGR UNIV,WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. DEPT AGR,AUSTRALIAN FOOD IND SCI CTR,WERRIBEE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP Potjewijd, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1417 EP 1421 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL206 UT WOS:A1995TL20600022 ER PT J AU Thompson, MM AF Thompson, MM TI Chromosome numbers of Rubus species at the national clonal germplasm repository SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE raspberry; blackberry; cytology; germplasm AB The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, Ore., maintains Rubus germplasm representing worldwide diversity of the genus. Chromosome numbers were counted for 201 plants representing 124 taxa (species and varieties). There are new reports for 42 taxa, confirmation for 72 previously reported, and 10 counts for plants unidentified to species. The basic chromosome number was seven, and ploidy levels ranged from 2r to 12r. RP Thompson, MM (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 57 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1447 EP 1452 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL206 UT WOS:A1995TL20600031 ER PT J AU Thompson, MM AF Thompson, MM TI Chromosome numbers of Rubus cultivars at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blackberry; raspberry; cytology; germplasm AB Chromosome numbers were counted for 90 Rubus cultivars and selections maintained at the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Ore. To my knowledge, 37 of the counts are new, including five that are corrections of previously published counts, 30 that are confirmations of numbers that were previously published but assumed from their parentage rather than actually counted, and 23 that are confirmations of previous counts. The basic number was 7, and 2n numbers ranged from 2x to 14x, including odd-ploids and aneuploids. RP Thompson, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1453 EP 1456 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL206 UT WOS:A1995TL20600032 ER PT J AU Gupton, CL AF Gupton, CL TI A marker gene in southern dewberry (Rubus trivialis Michx) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blackberry; small fruit breeding; anthocyanin AB Anthocyanin deficient dewberries in Mississippi were evaluated for possible use as a source of marker genes for blackberries. Ratios of normal to anthocyanin-deficient plants from test crosses suggested single-locus control of stem color, with anthocyanin deficiency a recessive trait. Its simple inheritance and easy identification in seedlings provide potential for anthocyanin deficiency (t) to be used as a marker gene in blackberry genetic studies. RP Gupton, CL (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,SMALL FRUIT STN,POB 287,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1457 EP 1458 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL206 UT WOS:A1995TL20600033 ER PT J AU Santamour, FS AF Santamour, FS TI Flowering, fertility, and fruit production in an intersubgeneric Alnus hybrid SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE alder; breeding; inheritance RP Santamour, FS (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,US NATL ARBORETUM,3501 NEW YORK AVE NE,WASHINGTON,DC 20002, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1467 EP 1467 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL206 UT WOS:A1995TL20600038 ER PT J AU Ramming, DW Tarailo, R Badr, SA AF Ramming, DW Tarailo, R Badr, SA TI 'Crimsom Seedless: A new late-maturing, red seedless grape SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE Vitis vinifera; fresh market; fruit breeding; table grape C1 CALIF STATE UNIV FRESNO,DEPT PLANT SCI,FRESNO,CA 93740. RP Ramming, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1473 EP 1474 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL206 UT WOS:A1995TL20600041 ER PT J AU Hosfield, GL Kelly, JD Silbernagel, MJ Stavely, JR Adams, MW Uebersax, MA Varner, GV AF Hosfield, GL Kelly, JD Silbernagel, MJ Stavely, JR Adams, MW Uebersax, MA Varner, GV TI Eight small-red dry bean germplasm lines with upright architecture, narrow profile, and short vine growth habit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE Phaseolus vulgaris; Uromyces appendiculatus; bean common mosaic virus; anthracnose; culinary quality; plant breeding ID EDIBLE BEANS C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN DRY BEAN PROD RES & ADVISORY BOARD,SAGINAW,MI 48603. USDA ARS,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Hosfield, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGAR & BEAN RES UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1479 EP 1482 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL206 UT WOS:A1995TL20600044 ER PT J AU Hayes, DG Kleiman, R Weisleder, D Adlof, RO Cuperus, FP Derksen, JTP AF Hayes, DG Kleiman, R Weisleder, D Adlof, RO Cuperus, FP Derksen, JTP TI Occurrence of estolides in processed Dimorphotheca pluvialis seed oil SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Dimorphotheca pluvialis oil; H-1-NMR; estolides; lipase; supercritical fluid chromatography; hydrogenation; hydroxy fatty acids AB Samples of oil from Dimorphotheca pluvialis processed by extraction and mechanical expelling were analyzed using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), lipase-catalyzed reactions, and H-1-NMR. SFC analysis detected the occurrence of free fatty acid, diglycerides, and unknown materials having molecular weights equivalent to four and five acyl groups. These components were present in larger quantities for oils recovered via mechanical expelling. Results from lipase-catalyzed reactions and NMR analysis suggest the large molecular weight molecules are triglycerides containing additional acyl groups through estolide bonds. The chemical shifts of the olefinic protons on the conjugated double bonds of dimorphecolic [D(+)-18:2(10t,12t)-OH9] acid and its estolides appeared at higher ppm values when compared to non-conjugated olefinic absorptions. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. DLO,ATO,AGR RES INST,6700 AA WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1016/0926-6690(95)00045-3 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TP911 UT WOS:A1995TP91100008 ER PT J AU LORENZ, LF CHRISTIANSEN, AW AF LORENZ, LF CHRISTIANSEN, AW TI INTERACTIONS OF PHENOLIC RESIN ALKALINITY, MOISTURE-CONTENT, AND CURE BEHAVIOR SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE AB The results of a dynamic mechanical analysis technique (DMA), already developed for estimating the extent of residual cure of phenol-formaldehyde resol resins, depend on the moisture content of the resin. For two resins, different but regular relationships were found between DMA-sample moisture content and the resultant tan delta area, which is measured to determine residual cure of samples. Moisture content also appears to be important for cure determinations by differential scanning calorimetry. The research reported here showed that alkali content, extent of precure, and relative humidity affect the equilibrium moisture content of phenol-formaldehyde resol resins. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 4520 EP 4523 DI 10.1021/ie00039a045 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA TH193 UT WOS:A1995TH19300046 ER PT J AU Kramer, KJ Hopkins, TL Schaefer, J AF Kramer, KJ Hopkins, TL Schaefer, J TI Applications of solids NMR to the analysis of insect sclerotized structures SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE NMR; cuticle; exoskeleton; sclerotization; cross-links; pigmentation; chitin; protein; catechols; oxalate; melanin ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ECHO DOUBLE-RESONANCE; CUTICLE SCLEROTIZATION; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; STATE C-13-NMR; BETA-ALANINE; CROSS-LINKS; SPECTROSCOPY; METABOLISM; ACETYLDOPAMINE AB This article reviews the solids NMR research conducted on insect sclerotized structures in the last 10 years and previews some of the experiments that will be conducted in the future, Solids MMR has been used as a noninvasive approach to investigate the chemical compositions of, and some covalent interactions that occur in, several types of sclerotized structures that are otherwise highly intractable to conventional chemical analyses, Sclerotization is a complex process used by insects to confer stability and mechanical versatility to their cuticular exoskeletons and certain other proteinaceous structures; Samples analyzed include cuticular exoskeletons, egg cases, egg shells, cocoons and peritrophic membranes, Cross polarization, dipolar decoupling, magic angle spinning, magnetization dephasing, and isotropic enrichment were used to obtain high resolution spectra that provide information about the types and relative concentrations of carbon atoms as well as internuclear distances and covalent bonds between carbon and nitrogen atoms, Relative amounts of protein, chitin, catechols, lipids, pigment, and oxalate were estimated, Covalent interactions between protein nitrogens and catechol carbons were detected in the stiff brown pupal cuticle of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, The results of these solids NMR studies support the hypothesis that sclerotization of insect structures occurs primarily when quinones derived from N-acylcatecholamines form cross-links and adducts with functional groups of proteins deposited in the structures, Future applications of solids NMR will utilize advanced techniques for further probing the covalent interactions of(13)C, N-15 and O-17-labeled catechols, chitin and protein in sclerotized structures. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT CHEM, ST LOUIS, MO USA. RP USDA ARS, US GRAIN MKT RES LAB, 1515 COLL AVE, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. NR 39 TC 60 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1067 EP 1080 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(95)00053-4 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA TP147 UT WOS:A1995TP14700002 ER PT J AU Valaitis, AP Lee, MK Rajamohan, F Dean, DH AF Valaitis, AP Lee, MK Rajamohan, F Dean, DH TI Brush border membrane aminopeptidase-N in the midgut of the gypsy moth serves as the receptor for the CryIA(c) delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aminopeptidase-N; Bacillus thuringiensis; CryIA(c) receptor; gypsy moth; brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; LARVAL MIDGUT; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; PIERIS-BRASSICAE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BOMBYX-MORI; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY AB Aminopeptidase-N (AP-N) was purified from gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, L.) brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) proteins by mono-Q chromatography and Superdex-75 gel filtration in the presence of the zwitterionic detergent, CHAPS, using FPLC, The purified AP-N, identified by its enzymatic activity, had an apparent size of 100 kDa, and was identified as the unique Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin, CryIA(c), binding protein, AP-N clearly displayed strong binding to CryIA(c), exhibiting little or no binding to CryIA(a) or CryIA(b), and showing no binding for the coleopteran-specific toxin, CryIIIA, Protein blots of the BBMV proteins probed with biotin-labeled and I-125-labeled insecticidal proteins revealed that CryIAc binds only to 120 kDa protein which is a slightly larger size in comparison to purified AP-N. Antibodies raised against the gypsy moth AP-N demonstrated that the purified AP-N and the 120 kDa CryIA(c) binding protein of total BBMV proteins are antigenically identical. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 29092] NR 50 TC 97 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1143 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(95)00050-X PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA TP147 UT WOS:A1995TP14700010 PM 8580914 ER PT J AU YEUM, KJ TAYLOR, A TANG, GW RUSSELL, RM AF YEUM, KJ TAYLOR, A TANG, GW RUSSELL, RM TI MEASUREMENT OF CAROTENOIDS, RETINOIDS, AND TOCOPHEROLS IN HUMAN LENSES SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AGING; CAROTENE; CAROTENOIDS; CATARACT; LENS PIGMENT; LUTEIN; TOCOPHEROL; ZEAXANTHIN ID HUMAN MACULAR PIGMENT; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; SENILE CATARACT; RISK; PEROXIDATION; PREVENTION; TISSUES; DENSITY; OXYGEN; BLOOD AB Purpose, To determine the levels of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in normal and cataractous human lenses. Methods. Concentrations of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols were measured by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 12 American normal lenses, 9 American cataractous lenses, and 10 Indian cataractous lenses. Results, On a per gram wet weight of tissue basis, human lenses contained 11 to 25 ng xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin), 31 to 50 ng retinol, 21 to 25 ng retinyl palmitate, 1573 to 2550 ng alpha-tocopherol, and 257 to 501 ng gamma-tocopherol. Concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin, and retinol were significantly higher in Indian cataractous lenses than in American normal or cataractous lenses. There were no differences in the lutein-zeaxanthin, retinoid, or alpha-tocopherol contents between American normal lenses and American cataractous lenses. The range of ratios of lutein to zeaxanthin in human lenses was 1.6 to 2.2. The mean age of the Indian lens donors was 20 years younger than the American lens donors. Comparisons using contralateral lenses indicated that there was significant interindividual variance in human lens concentrations of xanthophylls, retinoids, and tocopherols. beta-carotene and lycopene, major carotenoids in human serum and other tissues, were not detected in human lenses. Conclusions, Xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) are the only carotenoids detected in human lens. Retinol, retinyl palmitate, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherols also are present in human lens. Determinants of lens concentration of nutrients are not defined, but dietary factors are likely to be important. C1 TUFTS UNIV, JEAN MAYER USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 34 TC 133 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 EI 1552-5783 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 36 IS 13 BP 2756 EP 2761 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA TJ299 UT WOS:A1995TJ29900021 PM 7499098 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Griffin, DL Avery, ML Johnston, JJ AF Primus, TM Griffin, DL Avery, ML Johnston, JJ TI Liquid chromatographic method for the determination of methyl anthranilate in liquid formulation and residues on formulated rice seed bait SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE methyl anthranilate; high-performance liquid chromatography; microencapsulated formulation; rice AB Methyl anthranilate was extracted from formulated products and analyzed by reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography. Methyl anthranilate was quantified by UV absorbance at 220, 248, and 336 nm. Recovery data were determined by analyzing methyl anthranilate-fortified blank Liquid formulation and rice seed. The mean recovery of methyl anthranilate in the microencapsulated formulation was 97.3 +/- 2.4% for the range of 7 to 28% methyl anthranilate and 96.1 +/- 6.1% for the range of 0.020 to 1.00% methyl anthranilate on rice seed. C1 APHIS,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,BIRD RES SECT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32641. RP Primus, TM (reprint author), APHIS,USDA,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANALYT CHEM PROJECT,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 12 BP 3052 EP 3056 DI 10.1021/jf00060a012 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TL991 UT WOS:A1995TL99100012 ER PT J AU Arias, J Sparks, AL Henneberry, D AF Arias, J Sparks, AL Henneberry, D TI US banana import demand. SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 400 EP 400 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA TX721 UT WOS:A1995TX72100058 ER PT J AU Haley, SL Skully, DW AF Haley, SL Skully, DW TI Which bull's-eye? Revealed objectives of wheat EEP targeting: 1986-92. SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,COMMERCIAL AGR DIV,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 401 EP 401 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA TX721 UT WOS:A1995TX72100060 ER PT J AU Ferguson, W Yeet, J Fitzner, M AF Ferguson, W Yeet, J Fitzner, M TI Adoption of nonchemical pest management practices: Results from a survey of independent crop consultants. SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES EDUC & EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 405 EP 405 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA TX721 UT WOS:A1995TX72100089 ER PT J AU Young, LD AF Young, LD TI Survival, body weights, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of 3/4 White Composite and 1/4 Duroc, 1/4 Meishan, 1/4 Fengjing, or 1/4 Minzhu pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Meishan; Fengjing; Minzhu; growth; carcass ID MEAT QUALITY; CROSSBREEDING PARAMETERS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; GENETIC COMPONENTS; RECIPROCAL CROSSES; EUROPEAN BREEDS; PORCINE BREEDS; CHINESE PIGS; GROWTH; FRANCE AB Pigs were the progeny of White Composite (WC) boars mated to F-1 Duroc x WC, Meishan x WC, Fengjing x WC, and Minzhu x WC gilts. Meishan and Fengjing crosses had more (P < .05) nipples than Duroc and Minzhu crosses. Meishan and Minzhu crosses had a higher survival at birth (P < .05) than Duroc and Fengjing crosses; but breed types did not differ significantly(P approximate to .29) for survival to 14 or 28 d of age. Duroc crosses were heavier (P < .05) than Fengjing and Minzhu crosses at 0, 28, 56, 70, 98, 126, and 154 d of age; they were heavier (P < .05) than Meishan crosses at 0, 28, 98, 126, and 154 d of age. Chinese crosses had similar weights at most ages, although Meishan crosses were heavier (P < .05) than Fengjing and Minzhu crosses at 126 and 154 d of age. Breed types did not differ significantly (P approximate to .27) for feed efficiency during the nursery period. Over the entire finishing period, Duroc-cross gilts (.3310) were less efficient (P < .05) than Meishan (.3436), Fengjing (.3454), or Minzhu crosses (.3466); among barrows Meishan crosses (.3176) were least efficient (P < .05), Fengjing crosses (.3263) were most efficient (P < .05), and Duroc (.3211) and Minzhu (.3209) were intermediate but not significantly different from the Meishan or Fengjing crosses. At a constant age, Duroc crosses had longer carcasses, greater longissimus muscle area, and heavier slaughter weight, carcass weight, and weight of untrimmed cuts and trimmed cuts than the Chinese crosses (P < .05). There were few significant differences among breed types for carcass traits at a constant carcass weight. Results show that, relative to one-half Duroc females, incorporation of one-half Chinese females into a crossbreeding program will result in progeny with a significant decrease in rate of growth (approximately 9% for weight at 154 d of age) and a small, nonsignificant decrease in yield of trimmed lean cuts (approximately 5%) at a constant carcass weight. RP Young, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3534 EP 3542 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TV526 UT WOS:A1995TV52600006 PM 8655426 ER PT J AU Klindt, J Buonomo, FC Yen, JT Baile, CA AF Klindt, J Buonomo, FC Yen, JT Baile, CA TI Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and sensory attributes of boars administered porcine somatotropin by sustained-release implant for different lengths of time SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE somatotropin; boars; boar taint; growth; carcass composition ID MUSCLE-FIBER CHARACTERISTICS; KILOGRAMS LIVE WEIGHT; PIGS; FAT AB We investigated the effect of sustained-release implant administration of porcine somatotropin (pST) (4 mg/d) to male pigs for different lengths of time before slaughter. Crossbred white boars were assigned to six groups (n = 10/ group); BO, non-implanted boars; B6, boars implanted from 22 to 28 wk of age; B12, boars implanted from 16 to 28 wk of age; B18, boars implanted from 10 to 28 wk of age; CO, non-implanted castrates; and C18, castrates implanted from 10 to 28 wk of age. Castration was at 65 d of age. All pigs were slaughtered at 28 wk of age, and measures of offal and carcass components were recorded. Loin chops were collected for sensory evaluation. During the trial the pigs were maintained in individual pens with ad libitum access to water and a 19% CP corn-soybean meal diet containing 1.08% calculated lysine. Although pST reduced feed intake in castrates (P < .01), the effect in boars was nonsignificant. Slaughter weight was increased in a linear (P < .04) manner with length of pST treatment of boars, and slaughter weights of castrates given pST were greater (P < .01) than those of control castrates. The product of the changes in feed intake and gain resulted in greater efficiency of gain in pST-treated pigs than in control pigs (P < .01). A linear effect (P < .06) of length of PST treatment on trimmed lean cut weights of boars was noted. The weights of trimmed lean cuts produced by castrates treated for 18 wk with pST and boars treated for 12 or 18 wk were similar. Boars given PST for 18 wk had improved (P < .10) boar taint scores compared with untreated boars. Boars and castrates given pST for 18 wk had similar rates of gain and weights of trimmed lean cuts. Efficiencies of gain were greater in pST-treated boars and castrates than in untreated boars, which were superior to untreated castrates in efficiency of gain. C1 MONSANTO AGR CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP Klindt, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3585 EP 3595 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TV526 UT WOS:A1995TV52600012 PM 8655432 ER PT J AU Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Lonergan, SM Doumit, ME AF Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Lonergan, SM Doumit, ME TI A muscle hypertrophy condition in lamb (callipyge): Characterization of effects on muscle growth and meat quality traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE callipyge; calpastatin; calpain; muscle hypertrophy; tenderness ID BLUE CATTLE BREED; ENDOGENOUS PROTEINASE ACTIVITIES; ADRENERGIC AGONIST L644,969; POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; MUSCULAR HYPERTROPHY; GENETIC DETERMINISM; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BELGIAN WHITE; FIBER TYPES AB The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the callipyge phenotype on traits affecting muscle growth and meat tenderness. Dorset wethers (n = 40) that were either carriers or non-carriers were fed grain and slaughtered at 169 d of age. Callipyge phenotype did not affect (P > .05) slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, or weights of the heart, spleen, viscera, kidney-pelvic fat, head, and pelt; however, callipyge lambs had a higher dressing percentage and lighter lungs, liver, and kidneys (P < .01). Callipyge lambs had reduced fat thickness and marbling score and higher leg scores and longissimus area (34%). Adductor (30%), biceps femoris (42%), gluteus group (31%), longissimus (32%), psoas group (20%), quadriceps femoris (18%), semimembranosus (38%), and semitendinosus (26%) weights were higher in the callipyge phenotype (P < .01); however, phenotype did not affect (P > .05) weights of infraspinatus or supraspinatus. Longissimus pH and temperature declines were not affected (P > .05) by phenotype. Longissimus myofibril fragmentation index was lower at 1 (27%), 7 (35%), and 21 (37%) d postmortem and Warner-Bratzler shear force was higher at 1, 7, and 21 d postmortem in the callipyge phenotype (P < .01). Shear force values of callipyge lambs at 21 d postmortem tended to be greater (P = .12) than shear force values of non-carriers at 1 d postmortem. Activities of calpastatin (83%) and m-calpain (45%) were higher in the callipyge (P < .01); however, mu-calpain activity was not affected (P > .05). Longissimus and semitendinosus RNA concentration, DNA content, RNA content, protein content, and the RNA: DNA ratio were higher (P < .05), but DNA concentration, protein concentration, and protein:DNA were not affected in the callipyge phenotype. The higher calpastatin activity associated with callipyge suggests that protein degradation may be reduced in the live animal. Additionally, the increased muscle DNA content associated with the callipyge phenotype suggests an increase in satellite cell proliferation, and results in an increased capacity of skeletal muscle to accumulate and maintain myofibrillar protein. These results suggest that both reduced rate of protein degradation and higher capacity for protein synthesis are consequences of the callipyge condition. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Lonergan, Steven/O-6233-2016 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-2-3144] NR 46 TC 196 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3596 EP 3607 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TV526 UT WOS:A1995TV52600013 PM 8655433 ER PT J AU Lonergan, SM Ernst, CW Bishop, MD Calkins, CR Koohmaraie, M AF Lonergan, SM Ernst, CW Bishop, MD Calkins, CR Koohmaraie, M TI Relationship of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) at the bovine calpastatin locus to calpastatin activity and meat tenderness SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpastatin; RFLP; beef; tenderness AB Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) have been identified at the bovine calpastatin locus. The objective of the present study was to determine whether these polymorphisms are related to variations in calpastatin activity or beef tenderness in unrelated animals of mixed breeding. A sample of 83 crossbred steers from sires representing eight different breeds was examined to determine this relationship. A 2.2-kb cDNA coding for domains 2 through 4 plus a 3' untranslated region of bovine skeletal muscle calpastatin was used as a probe for calpastatin RFLP. Polymorphisms were found using the restriction enzymes BamHI and EcoRI. Polymorphic restriction fragments for BamHI were 9.0 and 5.0 kb and for EcoRI were 6.0 and 4.0 kb. Allelic frequencies for BamHI restriction fragments were .53 for the 9.0-kb allele and .47 for the 5.0-kb allele. Allelic frequencies for EcoRI restriction fragments were .43 for the 6.0-kb allele and .57 for the 4.0-kb allele. No polymorphisms were identified using the restriction enzymes BglII, DraI, or PstI. No associations between EcoRI and BamHI RFLP and 24-h calpastatin activity or Warner-Bratzler shear force at 14 d postmortem were detected. Therefore, the polymorphic EcoRI and BamHI restriction sites within the bovine calpastatin locus do not detect DNA sequence differences responsible for variation in calpastatin activity or tenderness of aged beef. Therefore, these polymorphisms cannot be used to predict tenderness of aged beef from unrelated animals of mixed breeding. These results do not exclude the possibility that other DNA sequences in or near the bovine calpastatin gene are responsible for variation in calpastatin activity or meat tenderness. The lack of a relationship between these calpastatin RFLP and meat tenderness must be distinguished from the well-documented relationship between calpastatin activity and meat tenderness. Therefore, further development of calpastatin-based methods for predicting beef tenderness in unrelated animals of mixed breeding should focus on basic factors influencing calpastatin activity at the molecular and cellular level. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Lonergan, Steven/O-6233-2016 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3608 EP 3612 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TV526 UT WOS:A1995TV52600014 PM 8655434 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TG Leymaster, KA MacNeil, MD AF Jenkins, TG Leymaster, KA MacNeil, MD TI Development and evaluation of a regression equation of prediction for fat-free soft tissue in heterogenous populations of cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass composition; beef; estimation; impedance ID IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS; CARCASSES AB Regression equations to predict kilograms of fat-free soft tissue (the sum of water and protein from chemical analyses) were developed from data collected on 526 steers and heifers. Straightbred animals representing Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Simmental breeds of cattle contributed to the data set. Cattle ranged in slaughter weight and age from approximately 350 to 575 kg and from 13 to 23 mo, respectively. Diets (100% ground alfalfa, 67% ground alfalfa and 33% ground corn, or 33% ground alfalfa and 67% ground corn) were cross-classified with breed and sex. Estimative traits included in the equation were warm carcass weight, fat depth at the 12th rib, and body impedance. Carcass soft-tissue samples were taken for determination of chemical constituents. The prediction equation accounted for 94% of the variation in fat-free soft tissue of the carcass. Adjusting for breed-sex-diet contemporary groups increased the R(2) value by 2% units. The prediction model was evaluated using data collected on 65 steers sired by Charolais or Hereford bulls at the Ft. Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory (Miles City, MT). Postweaning feeding strategies and slaughter ages varied among these animals. Carcass weight, back fat depth, and resistive impedance measures were recorded. Carcass soft-tissue samples were taken for determination of chemical constituents. Values of estimator variables recorded at Ft. Keogh were used in the regression equation to predict fat-free soft tissue for each animal. The values for kilogram of fat-free soft tissue determined from chemical analysis were regressed on predicted fat-free soft tissue. The results indicate that fat-free soft tissue of carcasses can be accurately predicted using estimative traits that do not diminish carcass value. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP Jenkins, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3627 EP 3632 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TV526 UT WOS:A1995TV52600017 PM 8655437 ER PT J AU Dlamini, BJ Li, YF Klindt, J Anderson, LL AF Dlamini, BJ Li, YF Klindt, J Anderson, LL TI Acute shifts in relaxin, progesterone, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion in Chinese Meishan gilts during late pregnancy and after hysterectomy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; pigs; relaxin; prolactin; somatotropin; progesterone ID PORCINE CORPORA-LUTEA; HYPOPHYSEAL STALK TRANSECTION; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; PIG; PARTURITION; OESTRADIOL-17-BETA; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ANTIPROGESTERONE; INDOMETHACIN; LACTATION AB Pregnant and hysterectomized Chinese Meishan gilts were used to investigate mechanisms regulating the production and secretion of relaxin, progesterone, prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) during different reproductive states. Gilts were bred to Meishan boars on the 1st d of the second observed estrus, and unmated gilts were hysterectomized on d 8 (estrus = d 0). Blood samples (10 mt) were collected twice daily (0800 and 2000) from d 90 to 120 and every 20 min within a 3-h period on d 112 to 116. Relaxin plasma concentrations were consistently greater in hysterectomized than in pregnant(6 vs 2 ng/mL, P < .05) gilts on d 99 to 109. The surge relaxin release on d 114 was greater in pregnant (66 ng/mL) than in hysterectomized gilts (34 ng/mL, P < .05). Thereafter, relaxin remained consistently increased (12 ng/mL) in hysterectomized gilts, whereas it was basal (< .5 ng/mL) during lactation. Progesterone concentrations decreased by half from d 109 to 115 and remained at 16 ng/mL through d 120 in hysterectomized pigs, whereas in pregnant pigs progesterone became basal after parturition. Prolactin in hysterectomized gilts remained at 4 ng/mL throughout the study period, whereas in pregnant gilts PRL increased steadily from 16 ng/mL on d 99 to 39 ng/mL at parturition and remained increased during lactation. Growth hormone concentrations were similar in hysterectomized and pregnant gilts from d 99 to 114; however, GH concentrations were consistently greater (P < .05) in lactating than in hysterectomized gilts (2.6 vs 1.0 ng/mL, respectively). These results indicate that PRL and GH secretions differ in pregnant and hysterectomized pigs because of the physiological changes necessitated by the onset of lactation. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,SCI & EDUC ADM,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3732 EP 3742 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TV526 UT WOS:A1995TV52600030 PM 8655450 ER PT J AU Huber, SA Judkins, MB Krysl, LJ Svejcar, TJ Hess, BW Holcombe, DW AF Huber, SA Judkins, MB Krysl, LJ Svejcar, TJ Hess, BW Holcombe, DW TI Cattle grazing a riparian mountain meadow: Effects of low and moderate stocking density on nutrition, behavior, diet selection, and plant growth response SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; stocking density; forage intake ID HERBIVORE DIETS; FORAGE INTAKE; DIGESTIBILITY; DETERMINANTS; COMMUNITIES; SHEEP AB Twelve ruminally cannulated and six intact crossbred beef steers were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of stocking density of a riparian pasture in the Sierra Nevada mountains on grazing behavior, dietary selection, forage intake, digesta kinetics, and growth rates of Caret nebraskensis and Juncus balticus. Nine .5-ha pastures were assigned to one of three treatments: ungrazed (CON) or grazed to leave either 1,500 kg/ha (LOW) or 1,000 kg/ha (MOD). Two collections were conducted during the summer of 1992 (following winter drought) and 1993 (following above-average winter precipitation). Standing crop biomass was greater (P < .05) in grazed pastures than in CON pastures at initiation of grazing in 1992 but not in 1993. After grazing in both 1992 and 1993, a treatment x intrapasture location interaction was noted (P < .05). Tiller growth rates in both 1992 and 1993 were affected (P < .05) by a treatment x growth period interaction. Stocking density did not alter (P > .10) botanical or chemical composition of the diet in 1992, and only minor differences were noted (P < .05) in 1993. Forage intake, passage rate measures, and total time spent leafing did not differ (P > .10) between LOW and MOD steers. Within the mid-meadow area in 1992, leafing time was greater (P < .05) for MOD steers than for LOW steers. In 1993, a treatment x trial interaction was noted for leafing time in all three areas. Total time spent grazing was greater (P < .05) for MOD steers than for LOW steers in 1992 and was affected (P < .05) by a treatment x trial interaction in 1993. In 1992 grazing time along the streamside was greater (P < .05) for LOW steers than for MOD steers, and significant treatment x trial interactions were noted for grazing time spent along the forest edge and mid-meadow areas. In 1993, only streamside grazing time was influenced by treatment being greater (P < .05) for MOD steers than for LOW steers. In general, our data suggest that management decisions to reduce stocking densities may force cattle to congregate along streambanks and to concentrate grazing and leafing activities in those areas. C1 UNIV NEVADA,SCH VET MED,RENO,NV 89557. USDA ARS,BURNS,OR 97720. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3752 EP 3765 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TV526 UT WOS:A1995TV52600032 PM 8655452 ER PT J AU COOK, GM YE, JJ RUSSELL, JB SAIER, MH AF COOK, GM YE, JJ RUSSELL, JB SAIER, MH TI PROPERTIES OF 2 SUGAR-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASES FROM STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS AND THEIR POTENTIAL INVOLVEMENT IN INDUCER EXPULSION SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; PHOSPHOHYDROLASE; HPR AB Streptococcus bovis possesses two sugar phosphate phosphatases (Pases). Pase I is a soluble enzyme that is inhibited by the membrane fractions from Lactose-grown cells and is insensitive to activation by S46D HPr, an analog of HPr(ser-P) of the sugar phosphotransferase system. Pase II is a membrane-associated enzyme that can be activated 10-fold by S46D HPr, and it appears to play a role in inducer expulsion. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RI Cook, Gregory/E-5665-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [2RO1 AI14176, 5RO1 AI21702] NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 177 IS 23 BP 7007 EP 7009 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TG224 UT WOS:A1995TG22400045 PM 7592500 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B AF KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B TI SOFT-TISSUE BODY-COMPOSITION - FAMILIAL RESEMBLANCE AND INDEPENDENT INFLUENCES ON BONE-MINERAL DENSITY SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORMAL POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; FAT MASS; ABSORPTIOMETRY MEASUREMENTS; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FATNESS; DETERMINANTS; AGGREGATION; ADOPTION; STRENGTH AB Familial resemblance in fat and lean soft tissue and the influence of these body composition measures on bone mineral density (BMD) were determined in 162 adult members of 42 families, Whole body fat and lean mass and BMD of the spine and femoral neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and BMD of the heel and radius by single-photon absorptiometry, Significant correlations of lean tissue were observed between mothers and daughters (r = 0.35,p < 0.05), fathers and sons (r = 0.36,p < 0.05), and daughters and sons (r = 0.42,p < 0.01) after adjustment for age, height, fat mass, physical activity, and parity (among women), Fat tissue was not significantly correlated among any family member pairs, Lean tissue, but not fat,,vas positively associated with BMD in one or more family member subgroups at all skeletal sites, These findings suggest a hereditary component to muscle mass, Previously documented familial similarities in bone density may be related in part to the influence of lean mass on bone density. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1944 EP 1950 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TJ130 UT WOS:A1995TJ13000013 PM 8619375 ER PT J AU Hennighausen, L Wall, RJ Tillmann, U Li, ML Furth, PA AF Hennighausen, L Wall, RJ Tillmann, U Li, ML Furth, PA TI Conditional gene expression in secretory tissues and skin of transgenic mice using the MMTV-LTR and the tetracycline responsive system SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tetracycline; MMTV-LTR; tTA; MMTV-tTA; beta-galactosidase ID ONCOGENE EXPRESSION; MAMMARY-TUMORS; HA-RAS; INDUCTION; PROMOTER; PREGNANCY; LACTATION; CELLS; GLAND AB Molecular mechanisms of development and disease can be studied in transgenic animals. Controlling the spatial and temporal expression patterns of transgenes, however, is a prerequisite for the elucidation of gene function in the whole organism. Previously we reported that mice carrying a tetR/VP16 hybrid gene (tTA), under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early 1 (HCMV-IE1) gene promoter, can be used to temporally activate the expression of transgenes under the control of a promoter containing tetop sequences. We now show that the MMTV-LTR can be used to target expression of tTA to the epithelial cells of secretory organs and skin in transgenic mice. Notably, nearly uniform expression of a tetop-lacZ transgene was found in seminal vesicle, salivary gland, and Leydig cells of mice carrying also the MMTV-tTA transgene. More heterogeneous patterns of gene expression were observed in mammary epithelial cells and basal cells of the epidermis. Different MMTV-tTA lines had comparable tissue expression patterns. Transcriptional activation mediated by tTA was up to several hundredfold, and it was abrogated after the administration of tetracycline. The MMTV-tTA mice established in this work will be useful for experiments examining the roles of biological factors at defined developmental stages in the epithelial cells of salivary gland, seminal vesicle, mammary gland, and skin and the Leydig cells of testes. In addition, in combination with the CRE/lox recombination system, these mice will be useful to achieve gene deletions at defined time points in these organs. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20725. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP Hennighausen, L (reprint author), NIDDKD,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BLDG 10,ROOM 9N113,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 27 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 463 EP 472 DI 10.1002/jcb.240590407 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA TL559 UT WOS:A1995TL55900006 PM 8749716 ER PT J AU Aldrich, JR Rosi, MC Bin, F AF Aldrich, JR Rosi, MC Bin, F TI Behavioral correlates for minor volatile compounds from stink bugs (heteroptera: Pentatomidae) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitoid; Scelionidae; Tachinidae; Nezara; Euschistus; Eurydema; Acrosternum; Trissolcus; pheromone; kairomone ID DEFENSIVE SECRETIONS; TRISSOLCUS-BASALIS; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; SCENT GLANDS; CHEMISTRY; HEMIPTERA; ADULTS; PYRRHOCORIDAE; KAIROMONE; PODISUS AB Many terrestrial Heteroptera have small, but functional, dorsal abdominal glands as adults. The chemistry, and associated intra- and interspecific behavior, for dorsal abdominal gland secretions from 10 species representing four genera of Pentatomidae was investigated. Eighteen volatile compounds were identified in species-specific blends from the dorsal abdominal gland secretions of Euschistus, Acrosternum, and Eurydema adults, including aliphatic, aromatic, and terpenoid constituents. Evidence from bioassays is presented that parasitic Tachinidae (Diptera) and Scelionidae (Hymenoptera) use these secretions as kairomones. A field experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that minor volatiles increase the specificity of the main pheromone component from Nearctic Euschistus species, methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate. However, significantly fewer individuals of E. tristigmus were captured in traps baited with the complete blend for this species than in traps baited with methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate alone. Thus, at the concentrations tested, these kinds of dorsal abdominal gland secretions may be epideictic, promoting spacing in the natural habitat. C1 UNIV PERUGIA,AGR ENTOMOL INST,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Rosi, Marzia Cristiana/N-3051-2015 OI Rosi, Marzia Cristiana/0000-0003-4909-2009 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 25 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1907 EP 1920 DI 10.1007/BF02033851 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TN400 UT WOS:A1995TN40000002 PM 24233895 ER PT J AU Warthen, JD Klun, JA Schwarz, M Wakabayashi, N AF Warthen, JD Klun, JA Schwarz, M Wakabayashi, N TI Structure-activity relationship observations for European corn borer moth pheromone and fluoro analogs via computer molecular modeling SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE molecular modeling; SAR; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Ostrinia nubilalis; European corn borer moth; sex pheromone; attractant ID INSECT SEX-PHEROMONES; LEPIDOPTERA; CHEMORECEPTORS; ATTRACTION; PYRALIDAE AB Structure-activity relationship (SAR) observations were made for the Z-type European corn borer moth pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, and a series of analogs with fluorination in the alcohol portion of the molecule. The attractiveness of these analogs and the pheromone was compared to the electrostatic potential map of the molecular mechanics (MM) minimized lowest energy conformation for each compound. A critical range of electrostatic potential on the protons of the double-bond appears to be essential for optimal acceptor fit and attractiveness. RP Warthen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1921 EP 1930 DI 10.1007/BF02033852 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TN400 UT WOS:A1995TN40000003 PM 24233896 ER PT J AU Mayer, MS McLaughlin, JR Mitchell, ER AF Mayer, MS McLaughlin, JR Mitchell, ER TI Use of paired and single traps to assess perception and discrimination of sex pheromone mixtures in the field by Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; perception; discrimination; trap; sex pheromone ID BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; FLIGHT TUNNEL; MOTHS; COMPONENTS; ATTRACTION; NEURONS; LEPIDOPTERA; ADAPTATION; NOCTUIDAE AB Paired wind-oriented traps (WORT) and single traps were deployed simultaneously in the same field to investigate whether or not inferences about the central nervous system processes of discrimination and perception can be made from differences in moth captures. The stimulus levels deployed were those that typically may be found downwind of a calling virgin female cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), so that inferences are relevant to natural stimulus intensities. Captures of male cabbage loopers in the WORT traps paralleled prior laboratory measures of pheromone mixture discrimination. The pattern of captures by the two trapping systems probably reflects perceptive and discriminative processing differences in the central nervous system. Captures in traps baited with 27-12:Ac alone were equal to, or better than, captures in traps baited with three- and six-component mixtures that contained 27-12:Ac. RP Mayer, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2057 EP 2068 DI 10.1007/BF02033862 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TN400 UT WOS:A1995TN40000013 PM 24233906 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, SS FINNERAN, S AF DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, SS FINNERAN, S TI CALCIUM-ABSORPTION ON HIGH AND LOW-CALCIUM INTAKES IN RELATION TO VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR GENOTYPE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BONE MASS; DIETARY CALCIUM; AGE; RETENTION; SERUM; ASSAY; TESTS AB The finding that the link between polymorphism at the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and rates of bone loss from the femoral neck In postmenopausal women is enhanced at low calcium intakes suggests that intestinal calcium absorption is a site of differential action of the VDR alleles. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2)D] and its receptor mediate active calcium transport, the major mechanism of calcium absorption at low calcium intakes. We compared fractional calcium absorption in healthy late postmenopausal women with (bb) and without (BE) the BSM-1 restriction site. In 60 women (26 BB and 34 bb), we measured calcium absorption and plasma 1,25-(OH)(2)D after 2 weeks on a high (1500 mg/day) and 2 weeks on a low (<300 mg/day) calcium intake. The mean Ca-45 absorption indexes were similar in the two groups on the high calcium intake [19.01 +/- 1.12% (+/-SEM)/L in BB and 20.45 +/- 0.97%/L in bb; P = 0.346] and differed significantly on the low calcium intake (20.57 +/- 1.10%/L vs. 23.66 +/- 0.95%/L; P = 0.044). Calcium restriction induced similar percent increases in plasma 1,25-(OH)(2)D, but the BB group had a smaller increase in the fractional Ca-45 absorption index [7.8 +/- 3.8% (+/-SEM) vs. 20.7 +/- 3.3% in bb; P = 0.016; increments adjusted for initial absorption value]. In conclusion, compared to women with the bb variants, women with BB allelic variants of the VDR have reduced calcium absorption efficiency on low calcium intake, consistent with a functional defect in the intestinal VDR. The impact of this heritable difference is reduced at higher calcium intakes. RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 33 TC 222 Z9 236 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3657 EP 3661 DI 10.1210/jc.80.12.3657 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TJ049 UT WOS:A1995TJ04900046 PM 8530616 ER PT J AU Young, SG Cham, CM Pitas, RE Burri, BJ Connolly, A Flynn, L Pappu, AS Wong, JS Hamilton, RL Farese, RV AF Young, SG Cham, CM Pitas, RE Burri, BJ Connolly, A Flynn, L Pappu, AS Wong, JS Hamilton, RL Farese, RV TI A genetic model for absent chylomicron formation: Mice producing apolipoprotein B in the liver, but not in the intestine SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE lipoproteins; cholesterol; intestinal fat malabsorption; tocopherol; apolipoprotein B ID FAMILIAL HYPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA; CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS; ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA; EXPRESSION; APOPROTEIN; SECRETION; PLASMA; CELLS; RAT; METABOLISM AB The formation of chylomicrons by the intestine is important for the absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins (e,g,, retinol, alpha-tocopherol). Apo B plays an essential structural role in the formation of chylomicrons in the intestine as well as the VLDL in the liver. We have developed genetically modified mice that express apo B in the liver but not in the intestine, By electron microscopy, the enterocytes of these mice lacked nascent chylomicrons in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, Because these mice could not form chylomicrons, the intestinal villus enterocytes were massively engorged with fat, which was contained in cytosolic lipid droplets, These mice absorbed D-xylose normally, but there was virtually no absorption of retinol palmitate or cholesterol, The levels of cr-tocopherol in the plasma were extremely low, Of note, the absence of chylomicron synthesis in the intestine did not appear to have a significant effect on the plasma levels of the apo E-containing lipoproteins produced by the liver. The mice lacking intestinal apo B expression represent the first genetic model of defective absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins and provide a useful animal model for studying nutrition and lipoprotein metabolism. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CARDIOVASC RES INST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. UNIV OREGON,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,PORTLAND,OR 97201. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT ANAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP Young, SG (reprint author), GLADSTONE INST CARDIOVASC DIS,POB 419100,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94141, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01HL-47660] NR 51 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 96 IS 6 BP 2932 EP 2946 DI 10.1172/JCI118365 PG 15 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA TK257 UT WOS:A1995TK25700050 PM 8675665 ER PT J AU ZUERNER, RL ALT, D BOLIN, CA AF ZUERNER, RL ALT, D BOLIN, CA TI IS1533-BASED PCR ASSAY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SENSU-LATO SEROVARS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; HARDJO-BOVIS; REPETITIVE SEQUENCES; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; SEROGROUPS; PROVIDES AB A PCR-based assay was developed for typing L. interrogans sensu late serovars. The assay is designed to exploit the presence of many copies of the leptospiral insertion sequence IS1533 and IS1533-like sequences present in the genomes of most leptospiral serovars. The PCR primers were designed to amplify DNA of unknown sequence between closely placed IS1533 or IS1533-like sequences. Amplification reactions primed with IS1533-based primers generated products of different sizes. When few copies of IS1533 were present in the genome, amplification of a few products was still detected. These results suggest that IS1533 elements may be found close together. Analysis of DNA amplified from different serovars showed the presence of differently sized products, thus enabling the serovars to be identified. Genetic variation among isolates within the same serovar was also demonstrated with the IS1533-based primers. Amplification reactions using DNA extracted from the urine of infected animals generated specific products which were similar to the products generated from purified bacterial DNA. These results demonstrate that this assay is selective enough to be used for typing leptospiral serovars from clinical material and thus allows leptospiral typing without isolation of the bacteria in pure culture. RP ZUERNER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 33 IS 12 BP 3284 EP 3289 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TF015 UT WOS:A1995TF01500042 PM 8586718 ER PT J AU Porter, LK AF Porter, LK TI Depleted N-15 carryover, leaching and uptake for three years of irrigated corn SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrated Nitrogen Management in Relation to Leaching and Groundwater Quality, at the 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO ID FERTILIZER NITROGEN; SOIL AB Deep percolation of nitrate can contribute to the deterioration of groundwater resources. Leaching of nitrate is a complex process affected by fertilizer and irrigation practices, efficiency of N use by the crop, and how the soil's water holding capacity and water transmission properties are affected by soil texture. Depleted ((NH4)-N-15)(2)SO4 fertilizer at N rates of 0, 125, 250 and 375 kg ha(-1) was applied annually for 3 years to continuous corn grown within three different water regimes. This time period and the labeled N permitted an evaluation of N use efficiency by the crop and NO3 leaching and carryover on a Weld silty clay loam, a fine-textured soil, typical of the ''hardland'' soils of the semi-arid Great Plains. Three water regimes, W-1, (similar to 1.5 ET), W-3 (similar to ET) and W-3 (similar to 0.8 ET), were used. Beneath each plot within each water regime, Duke-Haise vacuum trough extractors were installed under undisturbed soil profiles at 1.22-m depth to measure weekly percolate and the NO3 concentration in the percolate. The corn was harvested in the fall in the dent stage to measure the total above-ground biomass N uptake. Soil profiles (1.8 m) were sampled annually in the fall after crop harvest to determine NO3-N in the soil or carryover. Great variability was encountered in measuring the amount of extractor water and its NO3 content under each water regime, which made estimates of NO3 leaching losses unreliable. Also, the variability demonstrates formidable problems in quantifying percolation losses with vacuum trough extractors under undisturbed fine-textured soil profiles. With the highest N rate of 376 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) and within the water regime W-1, where leaching was expected to be greatest, only 1% of the cumulative labeled N applied was found in extractor waters and most movement of the labeled N into extractors occurred the third year. The 125-kg-ha(-1)-yr(-1) fertilizer N rate significantly increased the crop yield over the unfertilized plots without increasing residual NO3-N accumulation; whereas fertilizer N rates of > 125 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) did not appreciably increase plant yields over the 125-kg-ha(-1)-N rate, but did appreciably increase residual NO3. RP Porter, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(95)00069-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA TQ299 UT WOS:A1995TQ29900005 ER PT J AU Schepers, JS Varvel, GE Watts, DG AF Schepers, JS Varvel, GE Watts, DG TI Nitrogen and water management strategies to reduce nitrate Leaching under irrigated maize SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrated Nitrogen Management in Relation to Leaching and Groundwater Quality, at the 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO ID CHLOROPHYLL AB Cropping systems that fail to integrate nitrogen (N) water management are frequently associated with elevated concentrations of nitrate-N in soil and groundwater. Examples of poorly integrated management practices are abundant, especially where irrigation is used to minimize the effects of drought and N fertilizer is inexpensive. Two maize fields under improved water and N management practices at the Nebraska Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) project were compared with an adjacent field under conventional furrow irrigation that followed management guidelines mandated by the local Natural Resources District. Surge-flow furrow irrigation with laser grading and a runoff-water recovery system reduced water application by 45-69% compared to conventional furrow irrigation over the three years of this study. Center-pivot sprinkler irrigation reduced water application by 60-72% compared to conventional furrow irrigation. Uniformity of water application was improved with the surge-flow and sprinkler irrigation systems, which made it reasonable to consider adding fertilizer N in the water (fertigation) to meet crop needs. The spoon-feeding strategy, based on chlorophyll meter readings to schedule fertigation, saved 168 kg ha(-1) N the first year and 105 kg ha(-1) N the second year without reducing yields. Near total reliance of fertigation to meet crop N needs resulted in a 15% yield reduction the second year because spatial variability in soil N status made it difficult to collect representative chlorophyll meter data. Plot studies showed chlorophyll meter readings and yields were consistently higher for maize following soybean than where maize was grown in monoculture. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Schepers, JS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 12 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(95)00070-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA TQ299 UT WOS:A1995TQ29900006 ER PT J AU Follett, RF AF Follett, RF TI NLEAP model simulation of climate and management effects on N leaching for corn grown on sandy soil SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrated Nitrogen Management in Relation to Leaching and Groundwater Quality, at the 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO AB The Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model was used to evaluate effects of climate and N fertility on nitrate leaching from a 3-yr field experiment of continuous corn (Zea mays L.). Half of the plots were randomly chosen to be either nonirrigated or irrigated (based upon calculated potential evapotranspiration). Three replications of nitrogen (N) fertility (56, 112 and 224 kg ha(-1)) were used. Soil was a Hecla sandy loam to loamy sand (Pachic Udic Haploboroll). Soil and climate data were from the upper Midwest U.S.A. database for NLEAP. On-site data were used in the model when available. This study shows that NLEAP is capable of integrating data collected for nonirrigated and irrigated conditions on sandy soil for a wide range of N treatments and predicting the nitrate available for leaching (NAL). Precipitation distribution and amount were different in each year. Calculated NAL provided an excellent indicator of potential nitrate leaching hazard. NLEAP output showed that leaching of residual N on this sandy soil is very sensitive to early-spring precipitation. The NLEAP model provided valuable insights concerning effects of climate and N and irrigation management on N leaching. To obtain optimum yields while minimizing nitrate leaching, this study indicates the need to use soil and plant-tissue testing, post-emergence N-fertilizer application, and modem irrigation-scheduling technology. Also, use of the NLEAP model along with field-plot experiments provide additional important information concerning timing of N-leaching events relative to climate and an additional assessment of the effectiveness of fertilizer-N management decisions. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(95)00071-2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA TQ299 UT WOS:A1995TQ29900007 ER PT J AU Shaffer, MJ Wylie, BK Hall, MD AF Shaffer, MJ Wylie, BK Hall, MD TI Identification and mitigation of nitrate leaching hot spots using NLEAP-GIS technology SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrated Nitrogen Management in Relation to Leaching and Groundwater Quality, at the 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO AB Leaching of NO3-N from agricultural lands often occurs in well-defined hot spot areas when viewed across geographical regions of hundreds or thousands of km(2) and often appears as areas of high NO3-N concentrations in shallow underlying aquifers. Delineation of high-NO3-N zones can be achieved by combining models such the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) with Geographical Information System (GIS) technology to calculate the long-term potential mass of NO3-N leached from the crop root zone. Once identified, the hot spots can be further analyzed with the model to evaluate and rank appropriate alternative management techniques. A simulation analysis using the NLEAP model showed that long-term NO3-N leaching from corn (Zea mays L.) grown under furrow irrigation on a coarse-textured soil could be reduced by 53% with N management alone, while an 84% reduction in leached NO3-N was achieved for combined N and water management (sprinkler irrigation). This type of modeling analysis can be completed after a few weeks of effort, while comparable field studies would take several years to finish. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT EARTH RESOURCES,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Shaffer, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(95)00072-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA TQ299 UT WOS:A1995TQ29900008 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Wierenga, PJ AF Follett, RF Wierenga, PJ TI Selected papers from the ''Integrated Nitrogen Management in Relation to Leaching and Groundwater Quality'' Symposium held at the 15th World Congress of Soil Science (Acapulco, Mexico, July 10-16, 1994) - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP R3 EP R4 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(95)90001-2 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA TQ299 UT WOS:A1995TQ29900002 ER PT J AU Hustmyer, FG Beitz, DC Goff, JP Nonnecke, BJ Horst, RL Reinhardt, TA AF Hustmyer, FG Beitz, DC Goff, JP Nonnecke, BJ Horst, RL Reinhardt, TA TI In vivo parathyroid hormone stimulates in vitro bone resorption by bovine monocytes SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milk fever; parathyroid hormone; bone resorption; vitamin D ID MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MACROPHAGES; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; RECEPTORS; DIFFERENTIATION; ACTIVATION; LEUKOCYTES; OSTEOCLAST; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; INDUCTION AB Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage have been thought to play a role in bone resorption. We examined the effects of in vivo administration of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 on the ability of monocytes to degrade bone in vitro. Administration of parathyroid hormone for 4 d resulted in sustained hypercalcemia and a transient 1-d increase in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3. Parathyroid hormone significantly stimulated bone degradation by monocytes 2.6 times more than that of pretreatment controls. Parathyroid hormone treatment significantly enhanced (threefold) release of superoxide anion by monocytes stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and increased migration of monocytes to bone particles in vitro. Continuous 7-d infusion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (50 mu g/d) elevated plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 until infusions were discontinued. Increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 was associated with hypercalcemia, which continued for several days postinfusion. In vivo administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 did not affect in vitro ability of monocytes to degrade bone. We concluded that in vivo administration of parathyroid hormone enhanced in vitro responsiveness of isolated monocytes in a manner consistent with a role for monocytes in bone remodeling. Furthermore, these data suggested that circulating monocytes could be a useful experimental model for further studies on parathyroid hormone responsiveness and bone resorption for the cow with milk fever. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,MOLEC CELLULAR & DEV BIOL PROGRAM,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50010. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2700 EP 2708 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76901-6 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TZ090 UT WOS:A1995TZ09000015 PM 8675753 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Smith, JJ Waldo, DR Rexroad, CE AF Capuco, AV Smith, JJ Waldo, DR Rexroad, CE TI Influence of prepubertal dietary regimen on mammary growth of Holstein heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milk production; mammary gland; mammary growth; puberty ID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; SOMATOTROPIC AXIS; MILK-PRODUCTION; DAIRY HEIFERS; YOUNG STEERS; FACTOR-I; GLAND; LACTATION AB One hundred-sixteen Holstein heifers (mean BW, 175 kg) were randomly assigned to diets of alfalfa silage or corn silage and were fed to gain approximately 725 or 950 g/d in order to study the influence of prepubertal diet and rate of gain on mammary growth and milk production. Blood was collected before puberty for hormone determination, and 8 heifers per group were killed at puberty for evaluation of tissue variables. Serum growth hormone was reduced, and IGF-I was increased, in the group of heifers reared at a high rate of gain on the corn silage diet. Accompanying the decline in growth hormone, total mammary parenchymal DNA and RNA was reduced in heifers reared at a high rate of gain on the corn silage diet. Mammary parenchyma in heifers of the latter group contained a greater volume of adipocytes and a lower volume of epithelial cells than did mammary parenchyma in heifers of other groups. Data are consistent with previous investigations that showed a deleterious effect of prepubertal rapid weight gain on mammogenesis when accompanied by excess body fat deposition. However, this effect did not cause a decline in subsequent milk production. C1 ARS,USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NUTRIENT CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), ARS,USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 44 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2709 EP 2725 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76902-8 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TZ090 UT WOS:A1995TZ09000016 PM 8675754 ER PT J AU Heinrichs, AJ Wells, SJ Losinger, WC AF Heinrichs, AJ Wells, SJ Losinger, WC TI Study of the use of milk replacers for dairy calves in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calves; milk replacers; National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project ID SOY PROTEIN-CONCENTRATE; BOVINE COLOSTRUM; CALF; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; GROWTH AB This study focused on aspects of the National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project that involved neonatal feeding practices and types of milk replacers utilized on dairy farms. Types of milk replacers and the management practices associated with their feeding were studied. Nearly 60% of US dairy farms use milk replacers for some or all of the feeding program for neonatal calves. Regional differences existed in the types of liquid feeds and milk replacers fed to calves. Western producers fed less milk replacer, and western and northeast producers fed replacers with less total CP. Many characteristics of management utilized along with these products reflect accepted management and nutrition practices. During the study period from 1991 to 1992, 11.2% of replacers contained casein. A greater proportion of these were found in the West during the first 6 mo of the study, reflecting changes in the milk replacer formulations during that time. C1 VET SERV,ANIM PLANT INSPECT SERV,USDA,CTR ANIM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. VET SERV,CTR EPIDEMIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2831 EP 2837 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76913-2 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TZ090 UT WOS:A1995TZ09000027 PM 8675765 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE THRONE, JE AF BAKER, JE THRONE, JE TI EVALUATION OF A RESISTANT PARASITOID FOR BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF WEEVILS IN INSECTICIDE-TREATED WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; INSECTICIDE; PARASITOID ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; APHYTIS-MELINUS HYMENOPTERA; 3 MOISTURE CONTENTS; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; CURCULIONIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEMPERATURES; DEGRADATION; APHELINIDAE; SELECTION AB Interaction of a resistant strain of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and a host, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on wheat treated with malathion was studied in the laboratory. Based oil dose response and serial time-response bioassays, malathion concentration had no significant effect on longevity fecundity, or effectiveness of the Bamberg strain of A, calandrae parasitizing S. oryzae in wheat. Suppression of the immature weevil population exceeded 90% on malathion-treated wheat. Bamberg A. calandrae were more successful parasitizing the Savannah laboratory strain of S, oryzae compared with the Bamberg strain of S. oryzae, possibly because of the larger size of the Savannah weevils. The Bamberg strain of S. oryzae (12 times resistant at the LD(99) based on vial bioassays) was more tolerant of malathion applied to wheat than was the susceptible Savannah strain of S. oryzae, However. malathion concentration had no significant effect on emergence of adults of either weevil strain when wheat containing immatures was treated. Although oviposition was significantly reduced, both weevil strains oviposited on wheat treated with malathion. These results indicate that the ecology of host development (for example, protected weevil larvae feeding within grain kernels) may be primarily responsible for development of the resistance in Bamberg A, calandrae by providing a food source when the parasitoid is under selection pressure. Use of the resistant strain of A. calandrae in a management system for insect pests in stored grain is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB, SAVANNAH, GA 31405 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1570 EP 1579 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700010 ER PT J AU ELDEN, TC AF ELDEN, TC TI SELECTED PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR EFFECTS ON ALFALFA WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS; ALFALFA WEEVIL; CYSTEINE; SERINE; IN VIVO ID PROTEASE INHIBITOR; RESISTANCE; CYSTEINE; DIETARY; INSECTS; TOXICITY; TOBACCO; LARVAE; BEETLE AB Proteinase inhibitors, which can inhibit digestive enzymes of specific insects, are a potential alternate control mechanism against herbivorous insects. An in vivo laboratory bioassay was developed to screen proteinase inhibitors for their ability to inhibit growth and development of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). Larval foliar feeding, pupation, and adult emergence were significantly decreased by E-64, pHMB, rind leupeptin, inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, at a concentration of 0.1%. Aspartic proteinase inhibitors (antipain and pepstatin) demonstrated mixed results at 0.1 and 0.5% concentrations. Serine proteinase (trypsin) inhibitors had no effect on any of the variables measured at 0.5%. These observations suggest that alfalfa weevil larvae use cysteine proteinases as major digestive enzymes and that other proteinases may be present as well. In vivo studies on the effects of proteinase inhibitors on herbivorous insects, in most cases, have been determined by measuring larval development (weight) and mortality. This study reports on the negative effects of specific proteinase inhibitors on insect larval foliar feeding, pupation, and adult emergence when ingested with an insect's preferred host. RP ELDEN, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 467,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1586 EP 1590 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700012 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, LS SCHMIDT, JO RAO, H WANG, WY XU, LG AF SCHMIDT, LS SCHMIDT, JO RAO, H WANG, WY XU, LG TI FEEDING PREFERENCE AND SURVIVAL OF YOUNG WORKER HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) FED RAPE, SESAME, AND SUNFLOWER POLLEN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FEEDING PREFERENCE; LONGEVITY; POLLEN; RAPE; SESAME; SUNFLOWER ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA AB Young Young worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L., exhibited differences in feeding preferences and survival when fed pollen of rape, Brassica napus L., sesame, Sesamum indicum L., and sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Rape pollen was readily consumed and increased longevity 2.5 times relative to the controls fed only sucrose water. Sunflower pollen was readily consumed with bees on average surviving 1.6 times longer than the controls. Sesame pollen was not readily consumed and bees survived 1.7 times longer than the controls. The results suggest that honey bees used to pollinate monoculture crops of either sunflowers or sesame, but not rape, will need to be provided alternate floral or nutritional supplements source to enrich their diets and maintain colony health. C1 USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 46 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1591 EP 1595 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700013 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, M ARGAUER, R AF SHAPIRO, M ARGAUER, R TI EFFECTS OF PH, TEMPERATURE, AND ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION ON THE ACTIVITY OF AN OPTICAL BRIGHTENER AS A VIRAL ENHANCER FOR THE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) BACULOVIRUS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GYPSY MOTH; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; OPTICAL BRIGHTENER ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; FLUORESCENT STAIN; PROTECTANTS; TISSUE; FUNGI AB The optical brightener, Tinopal LPW, was subjected to different pHs, temperatures, and to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Tinopal LPW was stable at pHs ranging from 3.0 to 10.4, at temperatures of 121 degrees C for 5 min, and at UV exposures (254, 302, and 360 nm) for periods up to 7 d. These treatments did not adversely affect the activity of Tinopal LPW as an enhancer for the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus. RP SHAPIRO, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1602 EP 1606 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700015 ER PT J AU BENTZ, JA NEAL, JW AF BENTZ, JA NEAL, JW TI EFFECT OF A NATURAL INSECTICIDE FROM NICOTIANA-GOSSEI ON THE WHITEFLY PARASITOID ENCARSIA-FORMOSA (HYMENOPTERA, APHELINIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENCARSIA FORMOSA; WHITEFLIES; BIORATIONAL INSECTICIDES; NICOTIANA GOSSEI EXTRACT ID VAPORARIORUM AB The collateral effects of a biorational compound from Nicotiana gossei Domain on the parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan were determined in laboratory and greenhouse tests and compared with the effects of spraying with M-Pede or Margosan-O. Fewer parasitized whitefly pupae were killed by spraying with N. gossei extract or Margosan-O than spraying with M-Pede. More E, formosa wasps were killed by spraying with M-Pede than by spraying with N. gossei extract or Margosan-O and when confined to treated leaf surfaces 1 h after spraying. At 1.5 and 3 h after spraying, both N. gossei extract and M-Pede killed more wasps than when spraying with Margosan-O. When wasps were released into greenhouses 3 h after spraying, fewer whiteflies were parasitized on tomato leaflets treated with biorationals than on leaflets treated with water. However, at 24 h after spraying tomato leaflets, parasitization was significantly higher on those treated with N. gossei extract and Margosan-O. Fewer wasps were found on leaflets treated with M-Pede. Although the 3 biorational insecticides caused mortality of E. formosa, the N. gossei extract was less detrimental than M-Pede to the viability of E. formosa. N. gossei extract could be used successfully with E. formosa in integrated pest management programs. RP BENTZ, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BLDG 470,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1611 EP 1615 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700017 ER PT J AU VILLAVASO, EJ HAYNES, JW MCGOVERN, WL JONES, RG SMITH, JW AF VILLAVASO, EJ HAYNES, JW MCGOVERN, WL JONES, RG SMITH, JW TI DIFLUBENZURON EFFECTS ON BOLL-WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) IN SMALL-FIELD CAGES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BOIL WEEVIL; STERILITY; FLIGHT; CUTICLE HARDNESS; MATING SUCCESS; SURVIVAL ID TH-6040 AB In 1992 and 1993, newly emerged adult bell weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were released on diflubenzuron (DFB)-treated and untreated cotton plants grown in 20 screened field cages. Seven days later weevils were recovered, and the effects of DFB on adult survival, mating success of males, egg hatch, Eight activity, and cuticle hardness were measured. DFB substantially reduced hatch, flight activity, and cuticle hardness in both years; survival apparently was reduced in 1992, but not in 1993. Mating success of treated males was unaffected in either year. The combined effect of reduced egg hatch, Eight activity, cuticle hardness, and possibly survival demonstrates several ways in which DFB may reduce populations of bell weevils in the field. RP VILLAVASO, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1631 EP 1633 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700020 ER PT J AU TEDDERS, WL AF TEDDERS, WL TI IDENTITY OF SPITTLEBUG ON PECAN AND LIFE-HISTORY OF CLASTOPTERA-ACHATINA (HOMOPTERA, CERCOPIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLASTOPTERA ACHATINA; CLASTOPTERA OBTUSA; MORPHOLOGY; BIOLOGY; TRAP AB External morphologies of Clastoptera achatina Germar and C. obtusa (Say) from various collections were compared. The findings were described and illustrated. The only species found inhabiting pecan trees in the southeastern United States was C. achatina. C. obtusa rarely, if ever, develops on pecan. Also, the biology and life history of C. achatina was studied and described. During years of small or moderate populations, an overwintering and 2 generations of adults occurred, along with a very small, questionable, 3rd generation. Adults laid approximate to 2 eggs per site, and oviposition sites were adjacent to buds and usually on the smallest-diameter, youngest, and most succulent shoot tissue. Time required for egg-to-egg generations was approximate to 49 d. Five nymphal instars occurred. Females averaged 0.7 mm longer than males. Large numbers of spittlebug nymphs on pecan caused dieback of shoots, reduced nut size, poor nut quality, and sometimes abortion of immature nuts. Each of several large populations of spittlebugs on pecans failed to produce a subsequent generation, leading to their disappearance from the orchard. Parasites of C. achatina were not observed, but a number of heteropteran predators were found, the most numerous species being Deraeocoris nebulosus (Uhler). Several sympatric dipterans were found inhabiting spittlemasses. A trap for monitoring the presence of adult C, achatina is described. RP TEDDERS, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,111 DUNBAR RD,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1641 EP 1649 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700022 ER PT J AU NARANJO, SE FLINT, HM HENNEBERRY, TJ AF NARANJO, SE FLINT, HM HENNEBERRY, TJ TI COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SAMPLING METHODS FOR ADULT BEMISIA-TABACI (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) IN COTTON SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEMISIA TABACI; BEMISIA ARGENTIFOLII; COST EFFICIENCY; SAMPLING TECHNIQUES; COTTON ID GENNADIUS HOMOPTERA; TRAP; PATTERNS; GENN AB We evaluated the reliability anti efficiency of various sticky traps and 2 direct-count sampling methods for estimating tbe abundance of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) adults in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., during a 3-yr period. Comparing sticky traps of various sizes, orientations, and placements, horizontally oriented traps (7.6 by 7.6 cm) with the upper surface exposed consistently captured the most adults per square centimeter over the season when placed at ground level at field edges followed by those placed within fields at ground level. Before insecticide applications, captures on all trap types and counts using a leaf-turn method and an oiled black pan method were highly correlated with the abundance of immatures in the field the same week, and even better col related with immatures counted 1 wk later. After insecticide application, correlations were Lower and more variable. Regression equations relating adult abundance to immature populations varied significantly between sites and over years for all adult sampling methods. This, robust predictive relationships could not be formulated. The 2 direct-count methods were highly correlated with one another, but the leaf-turn method was much less variable between individual samplers than the black pan method when estimating populations in the same field. Accounting for sample sizes needed for an acceptable level of precision and the per unit cost (time) of each sampling method, the black pan method was 3.5 times more costly than the leaf-turn method, and sticky traps were from 3.6 to 19.7 times more costly in estimating populations in the same fields. on average it took approximate to 6 min to estimate adult populations with a precision (SE/mean) of 0.25 using the leaf-turn method. Based on between-sampler variability, and cost considerations, the leaf-turn method was the most reliable and efficient technique for estimating adult abundance of those examined. RP NARANJO, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1666 EP 1678 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700025 ER PT J AU VAIL, KM WILLIAMS, DF AF VAIL, KM WILLIAMS, DF TI PHARAOH ANT (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) COLONY DEVELOPMENT AFTER CONSUMPTION OF PYRIPROXYFEN BAITS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MONOMORIUM PHARAONIS; INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR; JUVENILE HORMONE ID MONOMORIUM-PHARAONIS; FENOXYCARB AB Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), colonies were effectively controlled following ingestion of pyriproxyfen formulated in peanut butter oil. Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, reduced egg production in the queens, decreased the amount of brood due to delayed death in the eggs and larvae, caused death of pupae about 3 wk after treatment, and decreased the number of workers due to attrition and toxic effects. Queens, which continued to produce a small amount of eggs, eventually died. Queen death may have been caused by lack of workers required to tend them, old age or toxic effects. At concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1%, pyriproxyfen was more effective than the once commercially available bait, Pharorid (methoprene) for the control of the Pharaoh ant. RP VAIL, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB, POB 14565, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1695 EP 1702 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700029 PM 8537545 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI AERATION ALONE VERSUS CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL TREATMENT FOLLOWED BY AERATION FOR WHEAT STORED IN GEORGIA - SIMULATED FIELD-TEST SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LESSER GRAIN BORER; RICE WEEVIL; RED FLOUR BEETLE; WHEAT; AERATION; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL ID 3 MOISTURE CONTENTS; BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY; CURCULIONIDAE; TEMPERATURES; DEGRADATION; COLEOPTERA; BINS AB Wheat treated on 7 July with 6 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl was artificially infested with lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L), and subsequently aerated when temperatures cooled, was compared with untreated wheat infested and aerated at the same conditions. Temperatures were monitored from 7 July to 5 April inside the bins and populations of the introduced species and a natural infestation of red Hour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), were assessed using probe tl aps and a grain trier. Average daily temperatures at 7 sample positions in untreated wheat were from 17.01 +/- 0.53 to 21.46 +/- 0.52 degrees C, and were not significantly different from average temperatures at corresponding positions in treated wheat, which were from 16.00 +/- 0.63 to 18.98 +/- 0.60 degrees C. Initial chlorpyrifos-methyl residue on treated wheat was 5.75 +/- 0.51 ppm, but after 6 wk residues declined by 67.2 - 52.7%. Lesser grain borers collected from probe traps and trier samples were significantly more numerous in untreated wheat than in treated wheat on the Ist sample date (20 August); however, populations were larger in treated wheat on 2 later sample dates (12 November and 29 March). Few rice weevils or red flour beetles were collected from treated wheat. There was significantly more dockage (ground flour and insect frass) in untreated wheat than in treated wheat on 4 of 6 sample dates, while the percentage of insect-damaged kernels was significantly greater in untreated wheat than in treated wheat on all sample dates. C1 USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31405. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1764 EP 1770 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700037 ER PT J AU BETI, JA PHILLIPS, TW SMALLEY, EB AF BETI, JA PHILLIPS, TW SMALLEY, EB TI EFFECTS OF MAIZE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ON PRODUCTION OF AFLATOXIN B-1 BY ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS IN STORED CORN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS; MYCOTOXINS; STORED PRODUCTS; MAIZE; FUNGI ID SEED DETERIORATION; CONTAMINATION; INFECTION; IMPACT; PESTS; WHEAT AB Insects play an important role as facilitators of the aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus flavus Link, in both preharvest and postharvest corn. The current study investigated the role of maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in enhancing aflatoxin nl content in stored corn. In laboratory experiments, aflatoxin B-1 was quantified with all indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on corn following artificial infestation with adult weevils that had each been topically treated with 100 spores of A. flavus. Corn kernels infested with A. flavus-contaminated weevils had significantly higher levels of aflatoxin B-1 than A. flavus-inoculated corn without weevils. The presence of maize weevils resulted in increased kernel moisture content during incubation, and grain moisture was positively correlated with aflatoxin content across treatments receiving spores. Aflatoxin B-1 levels were higher in corn treated with fungus-contaminated weevils compared with corn that Mras mechanically damaged and inoculated with spores, which in turn had more aflatoxin than undamaged corn treated with spores. Aflatoxin B-1 content in corn increased with time of weevil exposure from 7 to 21 d, but decreased after 28 d of exposure. Aflatoxin levels in infested corn increased significantly with increased numbers of A. flavus-contaminated weevils. Maize weevils carried spores both internally and externally; however, substantial numbers of spores were intimately associated with the exoskeleton of adult weevils. These findings indicate that maize weevils facilitate the growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin production in corn by increasing surface area susceptible to fungal infection and increasing moisture content as a result of weevil metabolic activity. Weevil activity can have a profound effect on postharvest aflatoxin production even though little initial inoculum is present. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1776 EP 1782 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700039 PM 8537546 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME AF WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME TI EFFECT OF CORN SILK AGE ON FLAVONE CONTENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA ZEA; ZEA MAYS; ANTIBIOSIS; MAYSIN; ISOMAYSIN; PLANT RESISTANCE ID MAYSIN; GROWTH AB The effects of silk age from 'Stowell's Evergreen' and 'Zapalote Chico' on maysin (a luteolin-C-glycoside flavone) and isomaysin content, and on weight and developmental time of larvae and weight of pupae of corn earworm, Helicoverpa sea (Boddie), were studied. Differences in H. zea biological parameter responses to silk diets of 3 ages (nonpollinated, 2- and 5-d-old pollinated) were found between cultivars. Ten-d-old pollinated silks had no adverse effects on developmental parameters of corn earworm larvae. Flavone content decreased as the age of Zapalote Chico silk increased, but its concentration in 10-d-old pollinated silks of Zapalote Chico and Stowell's Evergreen was similar. A significant negative correlation was found between weight of corn earworm larvae and the amount of (milligram) maysin, isomaysin, or maysin plus isomaysin per gram of oven-dried silk of all silk ages. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1795 EP 1800 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700042 ER PT J AU MOELLENBECK, DJ BARRY, BD DARRAH, LL AF MOELLENBECK, DJ BARRY, BD DARRAH, LL TI TRIPSACUM DACTYLOIDES (GRAMINEAE) SEEDLINGS FOR HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE TO THE WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIABROTICA; MAIZE; EASTERN GAMAGRASS AB Mature plants and cuttings of Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) have shown resistance to western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, larvae. The purpose of our study was to evaluate seedling-stage ?: dactyloides for resistance to western corn rootworm larvae. Two evaluations were conducted using 50- to 56-d-old T. dactyloides seedlings and maize, Zea malls L., checks. In the Ist evaluation, rootworm larvae, 4, 5, and 6 wk after infestation, weighed significantly less than feeding on T. dactyloides when compared with larvae feeding on the maize checks. In the 2nd evaluation, only 3 larvae were found on a total of 20 T. dactyloides seedlings, whereas the susceptible maize controls averaged >1 larva per plant. These results indicate the presence of corn rootworm resistance in T. dactyloides seedlings that may be transferable into commercial maize. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1801 EP 1803 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TH877 UT WOS:A1995TH87700043 ER PT J AU MARTIN, SL COTTEN, NU BROWNE, DC KURZ, B ROBERTSON, E AF MARTIN, SL COTTEN, NU BROWNE, DC KURZ, B ROBERTSON, E TI FAMILY VIOLENCE AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG INCARCERATED WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE DEPRESSION; FAMILY VIOLENCE; INCARCERATION; WOMEN ID PHYSICALLY ABUSED-CHILDREN; UNINTENDED VICTIMS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; MARITAL VIOLENCE; BATTERED WOMEN; ADJUSTMENT; SYMPTOMS; WITNESSES; PARENTS AB This study examines the potential association between witnessing parental violence as a child and Eater adult depressive symptomatology within a population that has received limited attention in the scientific literature, namely, incarcerated women. The Conflict Tactics Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale were administered to 60 women incarcerated in a maximum security prison in North Carolina. A majority of the women reported that they had witnessed verbally aggressive or physically violent interactions among the adult members in their families. Seventy percent of these women suffered from clinically relevant levels of depressive symptomatology. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that increasing levels of reasoning conflict resolution strategies used in the women's families of origin were associated with decreasing levels of depressive symptomatology of the women, whereas increasing levels of physically violent conflict resolution strategies were associated with increasing levels of depressive symptomatology. C1 E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH SOCIAL WORK,GREENVILLE,NC 27834. E CAROLINA UNIV,CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROGRAM,GREENVILLE,NC 27834. USDA,FAMILY ECON RES GRP,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP MARTIN, SL (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0885-7482 J9 J FAM VIOLENCE JI J. Fam. Violence PD DEC PY 1995 VL 10 IS 4 BP 399 EP 411 DI 10.1007/BF02110713 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA TE704 UT WOS:A1995TE70400003 ER PT J AU CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC BONNER, LH AF CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC BONNER, LH TI RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER POPULATION TRENDS AND MANAGEMENT ON TEXAS NATIONAL FORESTS SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAVITIES; COLONIES AB Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) population trends and con curre nt management on four national forests in eastern Texas were evaluated from 1983 through 1993. Following years of decline, populations stabilized and began to increase after intensive management efforts were initiated. Management activities included control of hardwood midstory and understory thinning pines within woodpecker cavity-tree cluster areas, use of cavity restrictors and artificial cavities, translocation of first-year woodpeckers to replace lost breeders, and reintroductions of male and female first-year woodpeckers to form totally new breeding pairs. Most newly formed woodpecker groups were associated with midstory removal (30) and installation of artificial cavities (22). Reversal of severe declines on the three small populations in eastern Texas suggests that recovery of other small populations throughout the south is an achievable goal if management is committed to recovery of the species. C1 US FOREST SERV,NATL FORESTS & GRASSLANDS TEXAS,LUFKIN,TX 75901. RP CONNER, RN (reprint author), STEPHEN F AUSTIN STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 13 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 66 IS 1 BP 140 EP 151 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA QH364 UT WOS:A1995QH36400018 ER PT J AU Cutter, CN Dorsa, WJ AF Cutter, CN Dorsa, WJ TI Chlorine dioxide spray washes for reducing fecal contamination on beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE chlorine dioxide; beef; spray washing; fecal contamination ID BROILER CARCASSES; SALMONELLA; WATER AB The ability of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) to reduce bacterial populations (i.e., aerobic plate count, APC) on fecally contaminated beef carcass tissue (BCT) was examined in two separate experiments. In the first study, individual pieces of BCT were inoculated with fresh bovine feces to obtain approximately 6.60 log APC/cm(2) and spray treated (10 s; 520 kPa; 16 degrees C) with ClO2 at tank concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 ppm. Bacterial populations were reduced by no more than 0.93 log CFU/cm(2), regardless of ClO2 concentration, and were not statistically different (P greater than or equal to 0.05) from water-treated BCT. In the second study, tap water (16 degrees C) and ClO2 at a tank concentration of 20 ppm (16 degrees C) were sprayed (690 kPa) for 15, 30, and 60 s onto BCT inoculated with fresh bovine feces to obtain approximately 5.80 log APC/cm(2) and the remaining bacterial populations compared. While spray treatments with ClO2 or water reduced APC by 1.53 to 2.07 log CFU/cm(2), spray treatments with either water or ClO2, at 15, 30 or 60 s were not statistically different (P greater than or equal to 0.05). Similar reductions (1.61 log CFU/cm(2)) were observed when BCT was spray treated for 60 s with tap water followed by a 60 s spray wash with ClO2. These results demonstrate that spray treatments with ClO2 are no more effective than water for reducing fecal contamination on beef. RP Cutter, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1294 EP 1296 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TP339 UT WOS:A1995TP33900001 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT Marmer, BS AF Rajkowski, KT Marmer, BS TI Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at fluctuating incubation temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE E-coli O157:H7; growth kinetics; temperature abuse; fluctuating temperature ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; KINETICS; O157-H7 AB Temperature abuse of foods is often transitory and little information is available describing the response of the foodborne pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7, to nonisothermal and/or fluctuating temperature storage. Growth responses were determined for a mixture of three E. coli O157:H7 strains in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth as a function of temperature (static and fluctuating), initial pH (5, 6, and 7), and NaCL content(0.5, 1, 2, and 3%). Five 6-h ''square-wave'' fluctuating temperature regimes were used: 4 to 12, 4 to 19, 4 to 28, 8 to 19, and 12 to 28 degrees C and compared with growth at 8, 10, 12, 19, and 28 degrees C. The growth curves obtained from fitting the Gompertz equation for the fluctuating temperatures were compared to those obtained for the static temperatures. Increased NaCl concentration decreased growth temperature both for the fluctuating temperature growth curves and the static growth data. The cells grew or remained viable for up to 21 days under all conditions and fluctuating temperatures. Growth kinetics at fluctuating temperatures more closely approximated the higher temperature than the midpoint temperature of each cyclic range. The results indicate that transitory abuse could lead to more rapid growth than expected of E. call O157:H7 in foods and that given sufficient time E. coli O157:H7 can grow at as low as 8 degrees C. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1307 EP 1313 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TP339 UT WOS:A1995TP33900004 ER PT J AU Ha, SD Nisbet, DJ Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Ricke, SC AF Ha, SD Nisbet, DJ Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Ricke, SC TI Comparison of Salmonella typhimurium and selected facultative chicken cecal bacteria survivability after specific amino acid-limited batch growth SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; cecal facultative bacteria; chicken; amino acids; survivability ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURES; LARGE INTESTINAL FLORA; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; NUTRIENT STARVATION; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; COLONIZATION; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES AB The objective of this in vitro experimentation was to compare the survivability of Salmonella typhimurium strains and selected facultative chicken cecal bacteria after specific amino acid-limited growth on either serine, threonine, arginine, or aspartate. Survivability of Salmonella typhimurium and chicken cecal bacteria was estimated by measuring the rate of decrease of viable cell numbers and calculating the average time for 50% of the cells to become nonviable (50% survival time, ST50). Two S. typhimurium strains, LT2 and a primary poultry isolate (NO/NA), and three selected facultative chicken cecal bacteria, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli and Escherichia fergusonii, were grown aerobically at 37 degrees C to stationary phase on carbon-limited or nitrogen-limited minimal media. All organisms remained viable longer (P < 0.05) on serine media than on any of the other media tested. When serine was used as a nitrogen source in minimal media the ST50 of C. freundii and E. fergusonii were significantly longer than those of the two S. typhimurium strains. It appears that when media are limited in the same nutrient, the ability to sustain viability varies among facultative bacteria derived from the chicken cecum. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1335 EP 1339 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TP339 UT WOS:A1995TP33900009 ER PT J AU Fein, SB Lin, CTJ Levy, AS AF Fein, SB Lin, CTJ Levy, AS TI Foodborne illness: Perceptions, experience, and preventive behaviors in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE consumer food handling; consumer perceptions; foodborne disease ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; LISTERIOSIS; OUTBREAKS AB Data from national telephone surveys conducted in 1988 and 1993 were used to describe consumer perceptions of foodborne illness. The 1993 data were also used to assess the relationship between the perception that a foodborne illness had recently been experienced and awareness, concern, knowledge, and behavior related to food safety. Respondents described foodborne disease primarily as a minor illness without fever that occurs within a day of eating a contaminated food prepared in a restaurant. However, several common pathogens have a latency period longer than a day, and experts on foodborne disease estimate that most cases of foodborne illness originate from foods prepared at home. In both surveys, people 18 to 39 years of age were more likely than those in other age groups to believe they had experienced a foodborne illness. In 1993, people with at least some college education were more likely to believe they had experienced foodborne illness than were people with less education. People who believed they had experienced foodborne illness had greater awareness of foodborne microbes and concern about food safety issues, were more likely to eat raw protein foods from animals, and were less likely to practice safe food handling than were those who did not perceive that they had experienced such an illness. C1 USDA, ECON RES SERV, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA. RP Fein, SB (reprint author), US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, DIV MARKET STUDIES, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. NR 25 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1405 EP 1411 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TP339 UT WOS:A1995TP33900022 ER PT J AU Bowles, BL Sackitey, SK Williams, AC AF Bowles, BL Sackitey, SK Williams, AC TI Inhibitory effects of flavor compounds on Staphylococcus aureus WRRC B124 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-BORNE BACTERIA; ANTIBOTULINAL PROPERTIES; FOODBORNE DISEASE; GROWTH-INHIBITION; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE AB Acetanisole (4'-methoxyacetophenone) (AC), benzaldehyde (BE), cinnamaldehyde (CI), diacetyl (DI), phenylpropionaldehyde (PH), and pyruvaldehyde (PY) were tested against growth of S. aureus WRRC B124 in brain heart infusion broth. Activity was assessed in the presence and absence of oxygen at 12, 19 and 37C, and in combination with mild (20 min at 50 or 60C) heat treatments. The carbonyl compounds limited S. aureus growth. at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIG) of less than or equal to 0.5-8.0 mM. After 4 h at 37C, a 2 to 3-log(10) CFU/ml population reduction was observed with cultures containing 8.0 mM PH, PY, DI or Cl. Activity was O-2-tension independent, with CI (0.5 mM), DI(2.0 mM) and PY(2.0 mM) being most active. The MIC for CI was temperature independent, while PY was most effective at 19C, and PH and DI at 12C. Mild heat treatment of carbonyl-supplemented samples reduced previously observed MICs. At 60C, for example, the MICs for AC and BE, 4.0 and 8.0 mM respectively, were both reduced to less than or equal to 0.5 mM. The decimal reduction times for S. aureus exposed to both UV-light and 8 mM flavor compounds were 3.3 and 4.3 s for CI and DI, respectively. However, the other compounds were not as effective in the presence of UV since the decimal reduction rimes ranged from 77 to 9.0 s. The carbonyl compounds tested were effective antistaphylococcal agents and their use in combination with thermal processing may serve as a new approach to control S. aureus growth and other gram-positive foodborne pathogens. RP Bowles, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1995.tb00144.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TT102 UT WOS:A1995TT10200004 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Marmer, BS Phillips, JG Miller, AJ AF Juneja, VK Marmer, BS Phillips, JG Miller, AJ TI Influence of the intrinsic properties of food on thermal inactivation of spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum: Development of a predictive model SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; HEAT-RESISTANCE; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; BACILLUS; INJURY; PH; STRAINS; GROWTH; PUREE; MEAT AB The effects and interactions of heating temperature (70-90C), pH (5-6.5), sodium chloride (0-3%), and sodium pyrophosphate (0-0.3%) on the heat resistance of a six strain mixture of spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B and type E in turkey were examined. Thermal death times were determined in submerged vials heated using a water bath. Heated spores were recovered on Reinforced Clostridial Medium (RCM) supplemented with lysozyme (10 mu g/ml). Decimal reduction times (D-values) were calculated by fitting a survival model to the data with a curve fitting program. The D-values were analyzed by second order response surface regression for temperature, pH, salt (sodium chloride) and sodium pyrophosphate levels. The four variables interacted to effect the inactivation of spores. Confidence intervals (95%) predicted heat resistance of spores in turkey. The data suggest that the effect of reduced pH in increasing the inactivation was more pronounced at high temperatures and may provide an adequate degree of protection from nonproteolytic C. botulinum spores in minimally processed foods, particularly if employed in conjunction with combinations of salt and sodium pyrophosphate. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 349 EP 364 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1995.tb00145.x PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TT102 UT WOS:A1995TT10200005 ER PT J AU LANGE, WJ BIGGS, AS AF LANGE, WJ BIGGS, AS TI BEYOND 2000 - ISSUES AND TRENDS FOR THE 21ST-CENTURY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP LANGE, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROOM 5 S,POB 96090,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 93 IS 12 BP 6 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TH899 UT WOS:A1995TH89900009 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, S AF FRIEDMAN, S TI COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE - FORGING FORESTRY FUTURE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Note RP FRIEDMAN, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,404 CANNON HOUSE,OFF BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20515, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 93 IS 12 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TH899 UT WOS:A1995TH89900011 ER PT J AU GREEN, CC SOMMER, DA AF GREEN, CC SOMMER, DA TI THE WORLD-WIDE-WEB - WHATS IN IT FOR FORESTERS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,INFOS FS INFO CENT,ATHENS,GA. RP GREEN, CC (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,FOREST RESOURCES LIB,BOX 352112,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 93 IS 12 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TH899 UT WOS:A1995TH89900015 ER PT J AU SKOG, KE INCE, PJ DIETZMAN, DJS INGRAM, CD AF SKOG, KE INCE, PJ DIETZMAN, DJS INGRAM, CD TI WOOD PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY TRENDS - CHANGING THE FACE OF FORESTRY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP SKOG, KE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 93 IS 12 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TH899 UT WOS:A1995TH89900016 ER PT J AU WHALEY, RS AF WHALEY, RS TI SUPPLY-AND-DEMAND - ACCOMMODATING THE FUTURE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Note RP WHALEY, RS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROOM 5 S,POB 96090,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 93 IS 12 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TH899 UT WOS:A1995TH89900018 ER PT J AU Cook, BJ Pryor, NW AF Cook, BJ Pryor, NW TI Some physiological and ultrastructural properties of peripheral nerve cells associated with the oviduct of the stable SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1295 J9 J GEN PHYSIOL JI J. Gen. Physiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 106 IS 6 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA TM544 UT WOS:A1995TM54400091 ER PT J AU BISCHOFF, DS SLAVICEK, JM AF BISCHOFF, DS SLAVICEK, JM TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EARLY GENE IN THE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR MULTINUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA CELLS; BACULOVIRUS GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN GENE; ZINC FINGER; IE-N; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; REGION AB The Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) gene encoding G22 was cloned and sequenced. The G22 gene codes for a 191 amino acid protein with a predicted M(r) of 22000. Expression of G22 in a rabbit reticulocyte system generated a protein with an M(r) of 24000, in close agreement with the molecular mass predicted from the nucleotide sequence. G22 is not significantly homologous to any known protein, nor is a G22 homologue present in the Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV). Temporal expression studies indicated that the G22 gene was transcribed at readily detectable levels in the presence of cycloheximide. Transcripts were detected immediately after the virus adsorption period and throughout the infection cycle. The early transcriptional start sites of G22 map to a sequence that resembles a subset of RNA polymerase II promoters/start sites that are found upstream of Drosophila melanogaster developmental and retrotransposon genes which lack TATA box motifs. Several consensus late baculovirus promoter/mRNA start site sequences (ATAAG) were identified upstream of the G22 gene start codon. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPTL STN,FOREST SCI LAB,DELAWARE,OH 43015. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 76 BP 2933 EP 2940 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-12-2933 PN 12 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA TK566 UT WOS:A1995TK56600003 PM 8847497 ER PT J AU REUSS, JO VERTUCCI, FA MUSSELMAN, RC SOMMERFELD, RA AF REUSS, JO VERTUCCI, FA MUSSELMAN, RC SOMMERFELD, RA TI CHEMICAL FLUXES AND SENSITIVITY TO ACIDIFICATION OF 2 HIGH-ELEVATION CATCHMENTS IN SOUTHERN WYOMING SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY; LAKES AB Hydrological and chemical fluxes were examined for East and West Glacier Lakes and their adjacent high-elevation (3200-3700 m) catchments in the Snowy Range of southern Wyoming. Both lakes are approximately 3 ha, but the East Glacier catchment (29 ha) is about half the size of West Glacier. Bedrock is primarily quartzite that has been heavily fractured and crossed with mafic intrusions. Precipitation pH averages about 5.4-5.5, and weighted mean acid neutralizing capacities (ANC) of the discharge are about 50 mu equiv. l(-1) for East Glacier lake and 39 mu equiv.l(-1) for West Glacier, while the respective annual base cation removals are about 36 mequiv. m(-2) and 73 mequiv.m(-2). Two West Glacier tributary streams average less than 10 mu equiv.l(-1) ANC, but solute concentrations during the early snow melt are more than five times those found in midsummer. It is inferred that these early high concentrations primarily are due to early elution of solutes from the snowpack rather than the displacement of high-concentration groundwater, but the cations may be substantially affected by exchange reactions. Preliminary evaluation suggests that the mean ANC of both lakes would fall below zero if precipitation pH were to fall to 4.2-4.3. Episodic acidity during snowmelt and acidification of tributary streams would likely occur at a somewhat higher precipitation pH. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. EG&G ROCKY FLATS,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 173 IS 1-4 BP 165 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(95)02701-P PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA TG713 UT WOS:A1995TG71300010 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, DC FAURES, JM WOOLHISER, DA LANE, LJ SOROOSHIAN, S AF GOODRICH, DC FAURES, JM WOOLHISER, DA LANE, LJ SOROOSHIAN, S TI MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF SMALL-SCALE CONVECTIVE STORM RAINFALL VARIABILITY SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB For large-scale catchment hydrology, the crucial importance of a good estimate of spatial rainfall variability is generally admitted. However, the assumption of uniform rainfall is still applied for small areas, whether they are studied as individual catchments or represent an elementary area in a distributed model. To investigate the validity of this assumption, an experiment was conducted in a small catchment (4.4 ha) in the semiarid USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Measurements were made with recording and non-recording raingages as well as vectopluviometers for a range of events during the 1990 monsoon season (July-September). Geostatistical analysis of the data indicated the presence of first-order drift with corresponding rainfall gradients ranging from 0.28 to 2.48 mm per 100 m with an average of 1.2 mm per 100 m. These gradients represent a 4-14% variation of the mean rainfall depth over a 100 m distance. Giver: these observations, the assumption of spatial rainfall uniformity in this and similar convective environments at the small watershed scale of 5 ha appears to be invalid. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP GOODRICH, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 64 TC 112 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 173 IS 1-4 BP 283 EP 308 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(95)02703-R PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA TG713 UT WOS:A1995TG71300015 ER PT J AU FAURES, JM GOODRICH, DC WOOLHISER, DA SOROOSHIAN, S AF FAURES, JM GOODRICH, DC WOOLHISER, DA SOROOSHIAN, S TI IMPACT OF SMALL-SCALE SPATIAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY ON RUNOFF MODELING SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Rainfall and wind data obtained from a dense raingage network on a 4.4 ha semiarid catchment were used as input to a distributed rainfall-runoff model. It was shown that the wind direction and velocity have a relatively small impact on peak rate and runoff volume for this low relief watershed. However, even at this small scale, spatial variability of precipitation can translate into large variations in modeled runoff. When five model runs were conducted using input from one of five recording raingages, one at a time, the coefficient of variation for peak rate and runoff volume ranged from 9 to 76%, and from 2 to 65%, respectively, over eight observed storm events. By using four well distributed gages the variations in modeled runoff volume approach the sampling resolution of the raingages as well as the estimated accuracy of runoff volume and peak rate observations. The results of this study indicate that if distributed catchment modeling is to be conducted at the 5 ha scale in an environment dominated by convective air-mass thunderstorm rainfall, knowledge of the spatial rainfall variability on the same scale is required. A single raingage with the standard uniform rainfall assumption can lead to large uncertainties in runoff estimation. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 36 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 173 IS 1-4 BP 309 EP 326 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(95)02704-S PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA TG713 UT WOS:A1995TG71300016 ER PT J AU KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR LI, BW ENGLERT, G AF KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR LI, BW ENGLERT, G TI SYNTHESIS OF C-13-LABELED (ALL-E,3R,3'R)-BETA,BETA-CAROTENE-3,3'-DIOL (ZEAXANTHIN) AT C(12), C(13), C(12'), AND C(13') VIA ALL-E-2,7-DIMETHYLOCTA-2,4,6-TRIENE-1,8-DIAL-C-13(4) SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE SYNTHESIS OF C-13-LABELED CAROTENOIDS; SYNTHESIS OF STABLE ISOTOPE OF CAROTENOIDS; HUMAN MACULAR PIGMENT ID HUMAN PLASMA; TECHNICAL PROCEDURES; CAROTENOIDS; (3R,3'R)-ZEAXANTHIN; 6-OXO-ISOPHORONE; IDENTIFICATION; SEPARATION; EXTRACTS AB The title compound (10) has been synthesized from all-E-2,7-dimethylocta-2,4,6-triene-1,8-dial (C-10-dialdehyde, 8) labelled with four C-13 from commercially available and relatively inexpensive starling materials. The key starting material in this synthesis, (EtO)(2)P(O)(13)CHMe(13)CO(2)Et(2), has been prepared from triethyl phosphonoacetate-C-13(2). The sodium salt of 2 reacted with fumarylaldehyde dimethylacetal to give ethyl 6,6-dimethoxy-2-methyl-E,E-2,4-hexadienoate (4) which was converted to 8 in four steps [(1) acid hydrolysis, (2) 2/NaH, (3) LiAlH4 reduction, (4) MnO2 oxidation]. The overall yield of 8 based on phosphonate 1 is 43-46%. The double Wittig reaction of 8 with [(3R-3-hydroxy-beta-ionylidene)ethyl]triphenylphosphonium chloride afforded 10, also known as (all-E,3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin-C-13(4) (39% based on phosphonate 1) in high purity. This synthetic method may be extended to prepare other C-13-labelled carotenoids. C1 F HOFFMANN LA ROCHE & CO LTD,PHARMACEUT RES,CH-4002 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. RP KHACHIK, F (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161 E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1157 EP 1172 DI 10.1002/jlcr.2580361206 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA TG186 UT WOS:A1995TG18600004 ER PT J AU Welty, FK Seman, L Yen, FT AF Welty, FK Seman, L Yen, FT TI Purification of the apolipoprotein B-67-containing low density lipoprotein particle and its affinity for the low density lipoprotein receptor SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein B; binding, competitive; hypolipoproteinemia; lipoprotein, LDL; receptor, LDL ID FAMILIAL DEFECTIVE APOLIPOPROTEIN-B-100; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BINDING DOMAIN; PROTEIN; PLASMA; HYPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA; EXPRESSION; INTESTINE; LOCALIZE; SEQUENCE AB Naturally occurring mutant forms of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100 may be able to provide valuable information on the structure-function relationships of apoB with the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. ApoB-67, recently identified in a kindred displaying apoB levels 25% of normal (Welty et al. J. Clin. Invest. 1991. 87: 1548-1754), is predicted to contain 3040 amino acids and therefore, contains part of the epitope for antibody 4G3, which blocks binding of LDL to the LDL-receptor. To determine whether the amino terminal 67% of apoB-100 is important for binding to the LDL receptor, the apoB-67-containing lipoprotein particle was purified from plasma by gradient ultracentrifugation. The fractions containing apoB-67 were in the density range 1.049-1.070 g/ml. These fractions were pooled and adsorbed onto an affinity chromatography column containing the monoclonal antibody, MB-47. The epitope for MB-47 is two nonlinear domains between amino acids 3429 to 3453 and 3507 to 3523; therefore, apoB-100 will bind to the MB-47 column but apoB-67 will not. The resulting apoB-67-containing particles were completely devoid of apoB-100. In competitive binding studies, the apoB-67 lipoprotein particle did not compete with I-125-labeled apoB-100-containing LDL particles for binding, uptake, or degradation by normal human fibroblast monolayers. We conclude that the amino terminal 67% of apoB-100 in the naturally occurring lipoprotein particle does not appear to contain a functionally relevant epitope of the LDL-receptor binding domain. C1 UNIV RENNES 1,FAC SCI PHARMACUT & BIOL,F-35010 RENNES,FRANCE. RP Welty, FK (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. RI Yen , Frances/G-9175-2014 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 02626, HL 25596] NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2622 EP 2629 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA UC117 UT WOS:A1995UC11700015 PM 8847488 ER PT J AU Johnson, AW Burton, GW Wilson, JP Golden, AM AF Johnson, AW Burton, GW Wilson, JP Golden, AM TI Rotations with coastal bermudagrass and fallow for management of Meloidogyne incognita and soilborne fungi on vegetable crops SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal bermudagrass; Cucurbita pepo; Cynodon dactylon; fallow; Hibiscus esculentus; management; Meloidogyne incognita; nematode; okra; root-knot; rotation; squash; sweet corn; Zea mays ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SOIL; DISEASES; SYSTEM; VETCH; CORN AB The efficacy of fallow and coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a rotation crop for control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 1) and soilborne fungi in okra (Hibiscus esculentus cv. Emerald), squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Dixie Hybrid), and sweet corn (Zea mays cv. Merit) was evaluated in a 3-year field trial. Numbers of M. incognita in the soil and root-gall indices were greater on okra and squash than sweet corn and declined over the years on vegetable crops following fallow and coastal bermudagrass sod. Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium spp. were isolated most frequently from soil and dying okra plants. Numbers of colony forming units of soilborne fungi generally declined as the number of years in sod increased, but were not affected by coastal bermudagrass sod. Yields of okra following P-year and S-year sod and squash following 2-year sod were greater than those following fallow. Yield of sweet corn was not different following fallow and coastal bermudagrass sod. C1 USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 457 EP 464 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TT643 UT WOS:A1995TT64300005 PM 19277312 ER PT J AU Johnson, AW Wauchope, RD Burgoa, B AF Johnson, AW Wauchope, RD Burgoa, B TI Effect of simulated rainfall on leaching and efficacy of fenamiphos SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucurbita pepo var melopepo; degradation; efficacy; fenamiphos; leaching; Meloidogyne incognita; nematicide; nematode; pesticide residue; root-knot nematode; squash ID OVERHEAD SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; NEMATICIDES; PHENAMIPHOS; DEGRADATION; NEMATODES; SYSTEM; SOILS AB There is increasing concern in the United States about the pesticide movement in soil, groundwater contamination, and pesticide residue in food. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy, degradation, and movement of fenamiphos (Nemacur 15G) in the soil and residues in squash fruit as influenced by four simulated rainfall treatments (2.5 or 5.0 cm each applied 1 or 3 days after nematicide application) under field conditions. In 1990, concentrations of fenamiphos were greater in the top lj cm of soil in plots with no rainfall than in those treated with rainfall. Eighty to 95% of the fenamiphos recovered from treated plots was found in the 0-15-cm soil layer. The concentration of fenamiphos recovered from the 0-15-cm soil layer in 1991 was approximately one-half the concentration recovered in 1990, but greater concentrations of fenamiphos sulfoxide (an oxidation product of fenamiphos) were recovered in 1991 than in 1990. Concentrations of fenamiphos, fenamiphos sulfoxide, and fenamiphos sulfone were near or below detectable levels (0.002 mg/kg soil) below the 0-15-cm soil layer. Rainfall treatments did not affect the efficacy of the nematicide against Meloidogyne incognita race 1. The concentration of fenamiphos in squash fruit in 1991 was below the detectable level (0.01 mg/kg). C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 555 EP 562 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TU293 UT WOS:A1995TU29300005 PM 19277322 ER PT J AU Johnson, AW Leonard, RA AF Johnson, AW Leonard, RA TI Effects and carry-over benefits of nematicides in soil planted to a sweet corn-squash-vetch cropping system SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aldicarb; chemical control; Cucurbita pepo; ethylene dibromide; fenamiphos; irrigation; Meloidogyne incognita; nematicide; nematode; root-knot nematode; squash; sweet corn; Zea mays ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; NEMATODES; GROUNDWATER; MANAGEMENT; WATER AB The effects of irrigation on the efficacy of nematicides on Meloidogyne incognita race 1 population densities, yield of sweet corn, and the carry-over of nematicidal effect in the squash crop were determined in a sweet corn-squash-vetch cropping system for 3 years. Fenamiphos 15G and aldicarb 15G were applied at 6.7 kg a.i./ha and incorporated 15 cm deep with a tractor-mounted rototiller. Ethylene dibromide (EDB) was injected at 18 kg a.i./ha on each side of the sweet corn rows (total 36 kg a.i./ha) at planting for nematode control. Supplemental sprinkler irrigation (1.52-4.45 cm), applied in addition to natural rainfall (4.60-10.80 cm) within 10 days after application of nematicides, did not affect nematicide efficacy against M. incognita or yield of sweet corn. Soil treatment with fenamiphos, EDB, and aldicarb increased the number and total weight of sweet corn ears and the weight per ear each year over untreated controls (P less than or equal to 0.05). All nematicides provided some control of M, incognita on squash planted after sweet corn, but yields were consistently greater and root-gall indices lower on squash following sweet corn treated with fenamiphos than other nematicides. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN STN,COLL AGR & ENVIRONM SCI,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 563 EP 570 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TU293 UT WOS:A1995TU29300006 PM 19277323 ER PT J AU Johnson, AW Hanna, WW Dowler, CC AF Johnson, AW Hanna, WW Dowler, CC TI Effects of irrigation, nitrogen, and a nematicide on pearl millet SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical control; Criconemella ornata; irrigation; Meloidogyne incognita; miller; nematode; nitrogen; Pennisetum glaucum; ring nematode; root-knot nematode AB Pearl miller is used mainly as a temporary forage crop in the southern United States. A new pearl miller hybrid has potential as a major grain crop in the United States. The effects of nematodes, irrigation, a nematicide, and nitrogen rates on a new pearl miller grain hybrid, HGM-100, and nematode population changes were determined in a 2-year study. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita race 1) entered the roots of pearl miller and caused minimal galling, but produced large numbers of eggs that hatched into second-stage juveniles. Root-gall indices ranged from 1.00 to 1.07 on a 1-5 scale and were not affected by irrigation or rates of nitrogen. Yield of pearl millet was up to 31% higher under no supplemental irrigation than under irrigation, 16% higher in fenamiphos-treated plots than untreated plots, and 56% higher in plots treated with 38 kg nitrogen/ha than plots treated with 85 kg nitrogen/ha. In southern Georgia, pearl miller appears to be resistant to ring nematode (Crironemella ornata) but favors development and reproduction of M. incognita. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,COLL AGR,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 571 EP 574 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TU293 UT WOS:A1995TU29300007 PM 19277324 ER PT J AU SAARI, JT BODE, AM DAHLEN, GM AF SAARI, JT BODE, AM DAHLEN, GM TI DEFECTS OF COPPER DEFICIENCY IN RATS ARE MODIFIED BY DIETARY TREATMENTS THAT AFFECT GLYCATION SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE GLYCATION; FOOD RESTRICTION; RATS; COPPER; PEROXIDATION ID ZN-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GLUCOSE; CARBOHYDRATE; RESTRICTION; SEVERITY; COLLAGEN AB We examined the hypothesis that nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins (glycation) contributes to the defects of copper deficiency. We studied copper-adequate and -deficient rats while altering two factors known to affect glycation: type of dietary carbohydrate and amount of food intake. Copper deficiency caused cardiac enlargement and anemia, decreased erythrocyte osmotic fragility, enhanced heart lipid peroxidation, increased the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1)) and reduced staining of lens crystallins on SDS-PAGE gels (suggestive of glycation). Increasing dietary sucrose reduced organ copper concentration, exacerbated the rise in Hb A(1) and worsened the anemia caused by copper deficiency. Food restriction ameliorated heart and erythrocyte defects, reduced the percentage of glycated hemoglobin and heart peroxidation and also improved heart and liver copper status in copper-deficient rats. These findings indicate that copper deficiency enhances glycation and that sucrose may exacerbate some defects of copper deficiency by enhancing glycation. Inhibition of defects of copper deficiency by food restriction suggests that glycation and/or peroxidation may contribute to those defects. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT PHYSIOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP SAARI, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 125 IS 12 BP 2925 EP 2934 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TH990 UT WOS:A1995TH99000003 PM 7500170 ER PT J AU MATZ, JM SAARI, JT BODE, AM AF MATZ, JM SAARI, JT BODE, AM TI FUNCTIONAL-ASPECTS OF OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION AND ELECTRON-TRANSPORT IN CARDIAC MITOCHONDRIA OF COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION; ATP SYNTHASE; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ATP SYNTHASE; SUBUNIT; HSP60; IRON; IDENTIFICATION; ABNORMALITIES; ENLARGEMENT; HYPERTROPHY AB Although dietary copper deficiency causes physiological, morphological, and biochemical abnormalities in cardiac mitochondria, the relationship observed between abnormalities of mitochondrial structure and function have been inconsistent in previous studies. The purpose of the present study was to re-evaluate the respiration rates of cardiac mitochondria from copper-deficient rats and to use several drugs that uncouple and inhibit mitochondrial respiration in order to clarify the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction found in several laboratories. Copper deficiency reduced state 4 and state 3 cardiac mitochondrial respiration rates with all substrates tested. However, neither the ratio of ADP/oxygen consumed nor the acceptor control index was affected by copper deficiency. Cardiac mitochondria of copper-deficient rats showed a resistance to respiratory blockade by oligomycin and an increased ability to hydrolyze ATP in the presence of oligomycin compared with mitochondria of copper-adequate rats. This suggests that copper deficiency affects the function of the cardiac mitochondrial ATP synthase. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL 9037,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 6 IS 12 BP 644 EP 652 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(95)00146-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA TF778 UT WOS:A1995TF77800002 ER PT J AU Fayer, R AF Fayer, R TI Introduction of Richard W. Komuniecki as the Henry Baldwin Ward medalist for 1995 SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 81 IS 6 BP 847 EP 847 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA TL746 UT WOS:A1995TL74600002 PM 8544052 ER PT J AU Davis, SW Dubey, JP AF Davis, SW Dubey, JP TI Mediation of immunity to Toxoplasma gondii oocyst shedding in cats SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES AB Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii, as measured by oocyst shedding, was studied in cats. In 3 trials, 12 3-mo-old T. gondii-free cats were fed tissue cysts of the ME-49 strain of T. gondii. All cats shed T. gondii oocysts for approximately 1 wk starting 3-5 days after ingesting tissue cysts. One cat became ill because of toxoplasmic pneumonia and was killed 17 days after inoculation. The remaining cats remained clinically normal. Approximately 3 mo after primary infection, these 11 cats (immune) and 11 age-matched or littermate uninfected cats (nonimmune) were challenged orally with tissue cysts of the ME-49 strain. In trials 1 and 3, 1 immune and 1 nonimmune cat were killed at 36 hr, 60 hr, 5 days, and 12 days after challenge and the development of T. gondii in intestines was studied histologically; in trial 2, cats were killed at 36 hr, 60 hr, and 5 days only. None of the ''immune'' cats shed oocysts after challenge. Asexual T. gondii types were found at 36 and 60 hr and at 5 days, indicating partial development of T, gondii in the intestine of immune cats. There were no significant differences in lymphocyte CD4(+)/CD8(+) from spleen, popliteal, and mesenteric lymph nodes of immune cats compared to nonimmune cats. C1 USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 81 IS 6 BP 882 EP 886 DI 10.2307/3284034 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA TL746 UT WOS:A1995TL74600008 PM 8544058 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lappin, MR Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Lappin, MR Thulliez, P TI Long-term antibody responses of cats fed Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FELINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; OOCYSTS; SHEEP; VIRUS AB As part of a long-term study on immunity to oocyst shedding, 12 4-6-mo-old cats were inoculated orally with tissue cysts of the ME-49 strain (6 cats) or the TS-2 strain (6 cats) of Toxoplasma gondii. Two cats fed the ME-49 strain died or were killed because of acute toxoplasmosis 12 and 13 days after inoculation (DAI), respectively. On day 39 after primary infection, 5 cats (2 infected with the ME-49 strain and 3 infected with the TS-2 strain) were challenged orally with tissue cysts of the ME49 strain. One cat died following rechallenge infection due to causes unrelated to toxoplasmosis. Seventy-seven months after primary infection, the remaining 9 cats were challenged orally with tissue cysts of the P89 strain of T. gondii. Blood samples were obtained weekly or monthly and sera were analyzed for antibodies to T. gondii using the modified agglutination test (MAT), the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT), and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM (IgM-ELISA) or Ige (IgG-ELISA). The MAT was performed using both formalin-fixed (FF) and acetone-fixed (AF) tachyzoites. The MAT (FF) was the most sensitive test; cats seroconverted within 14 DAI and high titers (greater than or equal to 10,000) persisted > 6 yr, although cats had no clinical signs. The MAT titers using the AF detected recent exposure and titers declined sharply after 2 mo postinoculation. DT and ELISA titers were lower and developed slower than MAT titers. Fluctuations in antibody titers were limited to 8-fold during the 6-yr observation period. Anamnestic serum antibody responses were seen in 2 cats after the final challenge, but not after first challenge. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 81 IS 6 BP 887 EP 893 DI 10.2307/3284035 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA TL746 UT WOS:A1995TL74600009 PM 8544059 ER PT J AU Khrustalev, AV Hoberg, EP AF Khrustalev, AV Hoberg, EP TI Silver staining for elucidation of the synlophe in trichostrongyle nematodes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN RUMINANTS; CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; KEY AB Staining techniques are relatively rare in the study of parasitic nematodes. A novel silver-staining method is described for elucidation of the synlophe (a system of longitudinal cuticular ridges), a character of great systematic importance among the trichostrongyloid nematodes. Ridges are stained optically black and appear in great contrast to the body of the nematode. This method augments current use of interference contrast for examination of the synlophe. Detailed studies of the configuration of the synlophe in entire specimens are possible with standard light microscopy for the first time. C1 CENT HELMINTHOL MUSEUM,KI SKIJABIN INST HELMINTHOL,MOSCOW 117259,RUSSIA. USDA ARS,BIOSYSTEMAT & NATL PARASITE COLLECT UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1018 DI 10.2307/3284062 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA TL746 UT WOS:A1995TL74600035 PM 8544043 ER PT J AU BIDLACK, JE BUXTON, DR AF BIDLACK, JE BUXTON, DR TI CHEMICAL-REGULATION OF GROWTH, YIELD, AND DIGESTIBILITY OF ALFALFA AND SMOOTH BROMEGRASS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; RED-CLOVER; GRASS; IMAZETHAPYR; MEFLUIDIDE; MIXTURES; LIGNIN; RATES AB In addition to enabling manipulation of plant growth and development, growth regulators have potential for increasing forage digestibility. This study focuses on the use of gibberellic acid (GA3), alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), o-benzylhydroxylamine (OBHA), and monocetyl phosphate (C16P) to alter growth, dry weight (DW) yield, and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) of forage grasses and legumes grown in a greenhouse. Screening experiments revealed that GA3, NAA, and OBHA at rates of 1.6, 160, and 0.51g a.i. ha(-1), respectively, were more effective in altering regrowth of potted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) compared with other treatments. Subsequent experiments with increasing dosages of GA3, NAA, and OBHA on alfalfa and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) confirmed that these regulators can be used to manipulate forage growth. Increasing concentrations of GA3 increased growth and DW yield but decreased IVDDM, whereas high concentrations of NAA decreased growth and DW yield but increased IVDDM. OBHA treatments resulted in little or negative change in IVDDM. Results generally showed that plant growth regulators can be used to manipulate forage growth, but that there is a trade-off between herbage yield and digestibility of forage tissues. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP BIDLACK, JE (reprint author), UNIV CENT OKLAHOMA,DEPT BIOL,100 N UNIV DR,EDMOND,OK 73034, USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/BF00212639 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QP806 UT WOS:A1995QP80600001 ER PT J AU KULAEVA, ON CORSE, J SELIVANKINA, SY AF KULAEVA, ON CORSE, J SELIVANKINA, SY TI EFFECTS OF TRANS-ZEATIN AND CIS-ZEATIN AND OPTICAL ISOMERS OF SYNTHETIC CYTOKININS ON PROTEIN-KINASE ACTIVITY IN-VITRO SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-I; HEPATOMA; LEAVES AB The effects of cis- and trans-zeatin on the activity of the protein kinase associated with barley leaf chromatin were studied. Substances tested were added directly into the incubation medium for enzyme activity estimation. Only trans-zeatin activated the chromatin-associated protein kinase. Maximum activation was detected ata trans-zeatin concentration of 10(-9) M. cis-Zeatin had no activity in a range of concentrations from 10-(10) to 10(-5) M. Comparison of the R-(-)-N-6-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl-1H-purine-6-amine (II-NEPA) and S-(+)-N-6-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl-1H-purine-6-amine (S-NEPA) effects on the enzyme activity showed that only S-NEPA activated the protein kinase from barley leaf chromatin, whereas R-NEPA had no such effect. The data on the effect of other synthetic analogues of cytokinin on the protein kinase activity are also presented. The results are discussed in terms of the specificity and sensitivity of the in vitro response of the chromatin-associated protein kinase from barley leaves to cytokinins. The advantages and limitations of this in vitro assay to test cytokinin activity are also considered. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP KULAEVA, ON (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,KA TIMIRYAZEV PLANT PHYSIOL INST,BOTANICHESKAYA ST 35,MOSCOW 127276,RUSSIA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1007/BF00212645 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QP806 UT WOS:A1995QP80600007 ER PT J AU BARALDI, R BERTAZZA, G BREGOLI, AM FASOLO, F ROTONDI, A PREDIERI, S SERAFINIFRACASSINI, D SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD AF BARALDI, R BERTAZZA, G BREGOLI, AM FASOLO, F ROTONDI, A PREDIERI, S SERAFINIFRACASSINI, D SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD TI AUXINS AND POLYAMINES IN RELATION TO DIFFERENTIAL IN-VITRO ROOT INDUCTION ON MICROCUTTINGS OF 2 PEAR CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS; ENDOGENOUS LEVELS; INVITRO; ACID; CUTTINGS; INITIATION; CULTURES; EXPLANTS; TOBACCO; MALUS AB The internal levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and polyamines (PAs) and the metabolism of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were studied in relation to the in vitro rooting process of two pear cultivars, the easy-to-root Conference and the difficult-to-root Doyenne d'Hiver. Doyenne d'Hiver required about a 10 times higher concentration of IBA to achieve a rooting percentage similar to that of Conference. One- or two-day exposures to IBA were sufficient to stimulate rooting but with different efficiency for each cultivar. Longer exposure to auxin strongly increased the root number in Conference, whereas root elongation was inhibited in both cultivars. The metabolism of IBA in both cultivars was not significantly different when IBA was used at a high concentration to stimulate maximal rooting in Doyenne d'Hiver. IBA was mainly conjugated into IBA glucose, which was accumulated, and a small amount was converted into free IAA in both cultivars. However, in Doyenne d'Hiver this metabolic pathway appears to be active only at a higher exogenous IBA concentration. At a high IBA concentration more callus was formed by Doyenne d'Hiver, indicating that the cells of Doyenne d'Hiver are not capable of responding to the hormone in the same manner as Conference cells. Anatomic observations indicated that the capacity to induce initial dividing cells was more efficient in Doyenne d'Hiver, but subsequently the number of root primordia formed and root development were much reduced relative to Conference. A possible correlation between these processes and an early increase followed by a decrease of free IAA was seen in Conference. By day 4, a significant increase in IAA conjugates and free putrescine was observed in Doyenne d'Hiver. This higher putrescine content may be related to the lower amount of root development. Together with previous studies these results indicate that differences in the uptake and metabolism of applied auxins may affect rooting ability and the subsequent development of adventitious roots in microcuttings of pear. C1 UNIV BOLOGNA,DIPARTIMENTO BIOL EVOLUZIONIST SPERIMENTALE,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BARALDI, R (reprint author), CNR,IST ECOFISIOL PIANTE ARBOREE FRUTTO,VIA GOBETTI 101,I-40129 BOLOGNA,ITALY. RI Predieri, Stefano/C-4392-2015 OI Predieri, Stefano/0000-0003-4270-4914 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QP806 UT WOS:A1995QP80600008 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Siler, DJ AF Cornish, K Siler, DJ TI Effect of different allylic diphosphates on the initiation of new rubber molecules and on cis-1,4-polyisoprene biosynthesis in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Guayule; Parthenium argentatum; cis-1,4-polyisoprene; dimethyl allyl diphosphate; farnesyl diphosphate; geranyl diphosphate; geranylgeranyl diphosphate; isopentenyl diphosphate; natural rubber; prenyl transferase; rubber transferase AB Natural rubber biosynthesis is the rubber-particle-bound rubber-transferase-catalyzed cis-1,4-polymerization of isoprene monomers derived from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). In addition to IPP, allylic diphosphate is required to initiate new rubber molecules. In this paper we describe, for the first time, detailed kinetic analyses of rubber molecule initiation and polymerization in Parthenium argentatum Gray. We compare the effects of four different allylic diphosphate initiators on the rate of rubber biosynthesis using [C-14]IPP. Also, we compare the rates of rubber molecule initiation and polymerization using [H-3]allylic diphosphates as well as [C-14]IPP. Under non-limiting substrate concentrations, new rubber molecules were initiated and terminated at a constant rate for each initiator. The rate of rubber biosynthesis increased with the chain length of the initiator up to C-15. Our results indicate that initiation regulates the overall rate of rubber biosynthesis. Therefore, strategies to enhance in vivo rubber yield by genetic manipulation should focus on rubber molecule initiation. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 9 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 147 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TR952 UT WOS:A1995TR95200003 ER PT J AU ZAHN, JJ RAMMER, DR AF ZAHN, JJ RAMMER, DR TI DESIGN OF GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER COLUMNS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The column design criterion adopted in the 1991 National Design Specification (NDS) contains a parameter c that depends on homogeneity and straightness. The objective of this study was to determine whether the improved homogeneity and initial straightness of laminated members are sufficient to justify a more liberal c-value for glued laminated (glulam) compared with that of solid sawn lumber. For Douglas-fir and southern pine glulam columns of four laminations, laminating did not exert a significant effect on c. For Douglas fir, the most likely value of c was found to be 0.76 (probable range, 0.63-0.89). For southern pine, the most likely value of c was 0.83 (probable range, 0.78-0.87). These values do not differ significantly from the value of c = 0.8 adopted for dimension lumber. Therefore, we conclude that laminating does not exert a significant effect oh c in glulam of four laminations. However, the NDS column design criterion is still conservative in the design value for compressive strength parallel to grain. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1995 VL 121 IS 12 BP 1789 EP 1794 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:12(1789) PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA TE741 UT WOS:A1995TE74100008 ER PT J AU FALK, RH COLLING, F AF FALK, RH COLLING, F TI LAMINATING EFFECTS IN GLUED-LAMINATED TIMBER BEAMS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH; MODEL AB Existing lamination and beam test results were analytically reviewed to quantify the laminating effect for European and North American glued-laminated (glulam) timber. The laminating effect is defined as the increase in strength of lumber laminations when bonded in a glulam beam compared with their-strength when tested by standard test procedures. Fundamental concepts are presented to define the laminating effect, estimates are made of its magnitude, and relationships are presented to describe its character. Our review of experimental data indicated that the laminating effect ranged from 1.06 to 1.59 for European glulam and from 0.95 to 2.51 for North American glulam. C1 GERMAN SOC WOOD RES,MUNICH,GERMANY. RP FALK, RH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1995 VL 121 IS 12 BP 1857 EP 1863 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:12(1857) PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA TE741 UT WOS:A1995TE74100016 ER PT J AU FIELDING, RA AF FIELDING, RA TI THE ROLE OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING AND NUTRITION IN THE PRESERVATION OF LEAN BODY-MASS IN THE ELDERLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LEAN BODY MASS; STRENGTH TRAINING; ELDERLY ID QUADRICEPS MUSCLE STRENGTH; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; OLDER MEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WOMEN; AGE; MORPHOLOGY; HYPERTROPHY; ADAPTATIONS AB Human aging is associated with an increased incidence of several chronic diseases including coronary artery disease, non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Concurrent with the increased prevalence of these diseases in the elderly are well-documented changes in body composition that include an increased fat mass and a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density. Together these factors result in age-related decreases in muscle strength and aerobic capacity which contribute to decreases in functional independence. Progressive resistance (strength) training interventions have been proposed as countermeasures to some of these degenerative processes. Recently, several studies have reported on the effects of high intensity resistance training on muscle function and size in both healthy middle-aged men and women (50-75 years) and older frail men and women (80-100 years). In total, the majority of these studies have shown substantial increases (>100%) in the one repetition maximum muscle strength of the muscle's being exercised in response to 8 to 12 weeks of strength training (3 to 4 times per week at 70 to 90% of the 1 repetition maximum). In addition, a subset of these reports has also reported significant increases in muscle size either by computed tomography (CT) analysis of muscle cross-sectional area (9 to 17%) or by biopsy examination of muscle fiber size changes (20 to 30%). There is now compelling evidence that progressive resistance training in the elderly can positively influence whole body energy expenditure, muscle growth, and function. In addition, strength training interventions may be a powerful tool in the prevention of age-associated sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass). C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP FIELDING, RA (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT HLTH SCI,635 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. NR 51 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 587 EP 594 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TG913 UT WOS:A1995TG91300006 PM 8598419 ER PT J AU RIBAYAMERCADO, JD ORDOVAS, JM RUSSELL, RM AF RIBAYAMERCADO, JD ORDOVAS, JM RUSSELL, RM TI EFFECT OF BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE CONCENTRATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF CAROTENOIDS, VITAMIN-E, VITAMIN-A, AND CHOLESTEROL IN PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN AND NON-LIPOPROTEIN FRACTIONS IN HEALTHY OLDER WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HUMAN LIPOPROTEINS; BETA-CAROTENE; CAROTENOIDS; VITAMIN-E; VITAMIN-A; CHOLESTEROL ID SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RETINOIC ACID; FERRETS; HUMANS; PROTOPORPHYRIA; CANTHAXANTHIN; ASSOCIATION; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT AB Objective: We studied the effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the concentrations and distribution in plasma lipoprotein and non-lipoprotein fractions of carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, and cholesterol. Methods: Ten women ingested either 90 mg of beta-carotene or placebo daily for 3 weeks while residing in their homes and eating their usual meals. Carotenoids (beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin), retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and cholesterol were measured in plasma lipoprotein and non-lipoprotein fractions before and after treatment. Results: In the beta-cacotene-supplemented group, total plasma beta-carotene increased 14-fold from 0.48 +/- 0.13 to 6.83 +/- 2.12 mu mol/L (rho = 0.04). Although the greatest increase in beta-carotene was in low-density-lipoproteins (LDL), the magnitude of increase was similar in LDL, high-density-lipoproteins (HDL), and very-low-density-lipoproteins (VLDL). Thus, the relative distribution of beta-carotene in lipoproteins was unchanged: similar to 71% was in LDL, similar to 15% in HDL and similar to 12% in VLDL, before and after beta-carotene supplementation. There were no changes in amounts and distribution in lipoproteins of the other carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, and cholesterol. There was no change in the amount of retinol in lipoprotein-deficient plasma. There were no changes in total plasma triglycerides. Significant positive correlations were found between LDL or VLDL-cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol in LDL or VLDL, respectively; between LDL- or VLDL-cholesterol and lutein/zeaxanthin in LDL or VLDL, respectively; and between HDL-cholesterol and beta-carotene in HDL. Conclusions: beta-carotene supplementation (90 mg/day for 3 weeks) in healthy older women results in an enrichment of all plasma lipoprotein fractions with beta-carotene, but does not alter the relative distribution of beta-carotene in lipoproteins. beta-Carotene supplementation has no effect on the amounts and relative distribution of lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and alpha-tocopherol in lipoproteins, or of retinol in the non-lipoprotein fraction of plasma. Short-term beta-carotene supplementation has no effect on the concentrations of plasma total triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol. RP RIBAYAMERCADO, JD (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 33 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 614 EP 620 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TG913 UT WOS:A1995TG91300009 PM 8598422 ER PT J AU FIATARONE, MA AF FIATARONE, MA TI FITNESS AND FUNCTION AT THE END OF LIFE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; EXERCISE; PROGRAM; WALKING; BALANCE; MUSCLE; WOMEN C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP FIATARONE, MA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1439 EP 1440 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA TH988 UT WOS:A1995TH98800021 PM 7490400 ER PT J AU Mozersky, SM Bailey, DG AF Mozersky, SM Bailey, DG TI Measurement of collagenase activity in the tannery and the laboratory .1. The assay medium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A commercially available acidic solution of pepsin-treated porcine skin collagen designed for cosmetic use was shown to be suitable as a substrate for viscometric assay of collagenase activity when adjusted to near neutrality and diluted with the proper buffer to a collagen concentration of 1.5 to 4.5 g/L. The buffer contains tris(hydroxymethylamino) methane (Tris), citrate, and calcium (Ca+2). The pH of the assay solution is 6.8. The assay solution can be supplemented with NaCl up to a concentration of at least 0.4M and the pH can be raised to at least 8.5. Pepsin treatment of calfskin collagen yields a product whose viscometric behavior in the presence of collagenase is virtually identical to that of the commercial porcine product. RP Mozersky, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 90 IS 12 BP 357 EP 364 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA TN526 UT WOS:A1995TN52600001 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Diefendorf, EJ Marmer, WN Brown, EM AF Taylor, MM Diefendorf, EJ Marmer, WN Brown, EM TI Effect of deionization on physical properties of gelable protein products recovered from solid tannery waste SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Extraction of gelatin or gelable protein products from solid tannery by-products has been demonstrated previously. During the commercial manufacture of gelatin from limed hides, skins and bones, it is common practice to pass the gelatin through a mixed-bed deionizing column in order to reduce the ash content of the protein. In the gelable protein products that we are isolating from chrome-tanned waste, the ash content is relatively high and is a function of both the alkali treatment and the original composition of the chrome waste. We have shown that deionizing the protein will reduce the ash. There is, however, a question as to what effect this treatment will have on the Bloom and the viscosity - commonly reported analyses for gel quality. Moreover, we have previously shown that the choice of alkali will affect the physical properties. In this study, chromium waste was treated with hydroxides and carbonates in combination with magnesium oxide to extract gelable protein products, and physical properties were measured before and after deionization. We found that the physical properties were improved in the deionized samples and this is probably due to the increased protein concentration with a small effect contributed by the removal of the ash. Protein yields were also calculated and we found that the type and concentration of alkali used to extract the gelable protein will affect the yield. We also demonstrated that these processes are reproducible and that good material balances can be obtained. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 90 IS 12 BP 365 EP 374 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA TN526 UT WOS:A1995TN52600002 ER PT J AU Kline, DL Lemire, GF AF Kline, DL Lemire, GF TI Field evaluation of heat as an added attractant to traps baited with carbon dioxide and octenol for Aedes taeniorhynchus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID 1-OCTEN-3-OL; MOSQUITOS AB Collection size of 3 species of mosquitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles atropos, and Culex nigripalpus) and a species of biting midge (Culicoides furens) in CDC-type traps baited with carbon dioxide and octenol were significantly increased with the addition of heat. The presence of heat also significantly reduced collection size of the tabanid Diachlorus ferrugatus. C1 COLLIER CTY MOSQUITO CONTROL DIST,NAPLES,FL 33941. RP Kline, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 11 IS 4 BP 454 EP 456 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TN846 UT WOS:A1995TN84600013 PM 8825507 ER PT J AU Wilson, RF AF Wilson, RF TI Dealing with the problems of fungal damage in soybean and other oilseeds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1413 EP 1414 DI 10.1007/BF02577829 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TK892 UT WOS:A1995TK89200001 ER PT J AU Wilson, RF Novitzky, WP Fenner, GP AF Wilson, RF Novitzky, WP Fenner, GP TI Effect of fungal damage on seed composition and quality of soybeans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fixed colors; fungal damage; Glycine max; meal; nonhydratable phosphatides; oil quality; protein concentration; soybean; test weight; tocopherol composition AB Fungal damage caused by pathogens such as Fusarium, Cercospora, and Phomopsis can have a devastating impact on physical quality and farm price of soybeans. In some price-discount schedules, soybeans may be rejected with as low as 5% fungal damage. Although the severity of this problem varies throughout the United States, millions of bushels of fungus-damaged soybeans may be destroyed annually due to a lack of markets. The effect of fungal damage on seed composition was evaluated to assess potential utility of highly damaged soy beans. Graded samples of the cv. Centennial soybean were dried to 10% moisture and blended on a proportional weight basis to derive a series of treatments from 0 to 80% fungal damage. A positive correlation was found between fungal damage and bath protein and oil concentrations. This condition was attributed to loss of residual seed mass. As a result, the protein concentration of defatted meal increased from ca. 54 to 66% over the range of 0 to 80% fungal damage. Mycotoxin contamination appeared to be insignificant in these high-protein meals. Fixed colors in bleached, alkali-refined oils were intensified by heat treatment prior to extraction. No significant differences, however, were noted in total polar lipid content, phospholipid, or tocopherol composition among treatments of up to 20% fun gal damage. Oils from treatments of more than 40% fungal damage were more severely oxidized and could not be degummed effectively. These data suggest that fungus-damaged soybeans may be blended with high-quality soybeans to alleviate the chemical symptoms associated with unacceptable product quality. Thus, through various blend ratios, processors may consider using fungus-damaged soybeans to gain economic advantage, especially when high-quality soybeans have lower protein concentration. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Wilson, RF (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SOYABEAN & NITROGEN FIXAT UNIT,USDA ARS,4114 WILLIAMS HALL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1425 EP 1429 DI 10.1007/BF02577832 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TK892 UT WOS:A1995TK89200004 ER PT J AU Upchurch, RG AF Upchurch, RG TI Genetic regulation of cercosporin production in Cercospora kikuchii SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cercospora kikuchii; cercosporin; fungal pathogens; Glycine max; molecular genetics; mycotoxin; regulation; seed quality; soybean; weather damage AB The large and diverse Cercospora genus of plant pathogenic fungi includes many species that are causal agents of economically relevant leaf, stem, and seed blights of numerous crop plants. Several of these pathogens produce the red, photoactivated, phytotoxic polyketide toxin cercosporin. This mycotoxin is a crucial pathogenicity factor in the development of leaf and pod blights by the seed-borne soybean fungal pathogen Cercospora kikuchii. Although certain cultivars may be less susceptible to the leaf- and pod-infection phases of the fungus, there are no soybean cultivars with resistance to cercosporin. A newly isolated gene from C. kikuchii, known as LE6, is essential for cercosporin production and pathogenicity. Therefore, genetic manipulation of this gene may affect resistance to cercosporin. Transcription of LE6 is regulated by light. The expression of cercosporin also may be inhibited by certain growth media and other natural products. Modification of cultivar screens that target LE6 may greatly enhance the possibility of finding native resistance to this soybean pathogen. Soybean germplasm that produces strong LE6 downregulating or inhibiting compounds may enhance pathogen resistance. Thus knowledge of the genetic and physiological regulation of cercosporin should provide new technological strategies for biocontrol of mycotoxins and the development of soybean breeding lines that exhibit durable resistance to C. kikuchii. RP Upchurch, RG (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,2403 GARDNER HALL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1435 EP 1438 DI 10.1007/BF02577834 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TK892 UT WOS:A1995TK89200006 ER PT J AU BECKER, BA MISFELDT, ML AF BECKER, BA MISFELDT, ML TI EFFECTS OF CONSTANT AND CYCLING HOT ENVIRONMENTS ON MITOGEN-STIMULATED PROLIFERATION OF PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES FROM SOWS AND LITTERS SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HOT ENVIRONMENTS; SWINE; LYMPHOCYTES; MITOGEN-INDUCED PROLIFERATION ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CHRONIC HEAT; STRESS; PIGS; BLASTOGENESIS; TEMPERATURE; AGE AB 1. Lymphocytes from sows maintained in a constant hot environment (32 degrees C) showed reduced proliferative responses to mitogens PHA (P < 0.02) and PWM (P < 0.01) in comparison to sows maintained in a constant cool environment (21 degrees C). In the piglets the hot constant temperature slightly reduced (P < 0.05) proliferative responses of lymphocytes to PHA. 2. No significant effects of a cycling hot environment (27-32 degrees C) were found for any proliferative responses of lymphocytes from sows and litters. 3. In the constant hot environment, serum cortisol concentrations were significantly reduced in the sows (P < 0.0001) while no differences in serum cortisol concentrations were found in the litters. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BECKER, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. OI Misfeldt, Michael/0000-0001-5598-6637 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 6 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1016/0306-4565(95)00010-T PG 4 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA TH122 UT WOS:A1995TH12200007 ER PT J AU Tausch, RJ Charlet, DA Weixelman, DA Zamudio, DC AF Tausch, RJ Charlet, DA Weixelman, DA Zamudio, DC TI Patterns of ordination and classification instability resulting from changes in input data order SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; DECORANA; ecological group; entry order; environmental gradient; TWINSPAN ID DETRENDED CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; PUTTING THINGS; ECOLOGY; ROBUSTNESS AB Random rearrangement of entry order in three data sets often changed ordination and classification results based on Reciprocal Averaging. Results varied with the data set and method used. Eliminating infrequently occurring species largely reduced, but did not always eliminate, the variability. Overall, results appeared related to data set complexity, the type of data or transformation, and the analysis method used. Detrended Correspondence Analysis had the greatest variability of the ordination methods tested. Results from quantitative data were usually more variable than presence/absence data. Variation in cluster analysis was related to the number of tie values in the similarity matrix. Detailed tests using randomization of entry order of individual data sets with each of the programs to be used are needed to individually assess the effects on the results. RP Tausch, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI KNIVSTA PA APELSINVAGEN 47, S 741 00 KNIVSTA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 6 IS 6 BP 897 EP 902 DI 10.2307/3236404 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA TV493 UT WOS:A1995TV49300015 ER PT J AU Fondevila, NA Marcoveccio, FJ Viera, JB ODonnell, VK Carrillo, BJ Schudel, AA David, M Torres, A Mebus, CA AF Fondevila, NA Marcoveccio, FJ Viera, JB ODonnell, VK Carrillo, BJ Schudel, AA David, M Torres, A Mebus, CA TI Susceptibility of llamas (Lama glama) to infection with foot-and-mouth-disease virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE SERIES B-ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN REIHE B-INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CATTLE AB An experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the ability of foot-and-mouth-disease (FMD) virus (serotypes A(79), C-3, O-1) to infect susceptible llamas exposed either directly to affected livestock, or indirectly to llamas that had been directly exposed to affected livestock. In addition, susceptible livestock species (cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep) were exposed to those llamas that had been both directly and indirectly exposed to the FMD virus to further look at potential transmission possibilities. Of 30 llamas directly exposed to the FMD virus, only three (3/30) showed evidence of infection, and of those, only two (2/30) had mild clinical signs. No FMD virus was isolated from either oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) fluid or blood samples collected from the infected llamas beyond 14 days post-exposure. There was no evidence of virus transmission between the directly exposed and indirectly exposed llamas or between both groups of llamas acid susceptible domestic livestock, as determined by the lack of clinical signs, by virus isolation, and by serology results. These results provide further evidence that llamas are resistant to FMD infection, and that they play a minor role, if any, in transmitting the virus to domestic livestock. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL CTR IMPORT EXPORT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. RP Fondevila, NA (reprint author), INST NACL TECNOL AGROPECUARIA,CTR INVEST CIENCIAS VET,INST VIROL & PATOBIOL,CASTELAR CC 77,RA-1708 MORON,BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA. OI Fondevila, Norberto/0000-0002-4700-141X NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1793 J9 J VET MED B JI J. Vet. Med. Ser. B-Zent.bl. Vet. Med. Reihe B-Infect. Dis. Vet. Public PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 10 BP 595 EP 599 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TK912 UT WOS:A1995TK91200003 ER PT J AU Soback, S Paape, MJ Filep, R Varma, KJ AF Soback, S Paape, MJ Filep, R Varma, KJ TI Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in lactating cows after intravenous, intramuscular and intramammary administration SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION TIME AB Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol 30% injectable solution was determined in lactating cows after intravenous, intramammary and intramuscular administration, Serum concentration-time data generated in the present study were analysed by non-compartmental methods based on statistical moment theory. Florfenicol half-life was 176 min, mean residence time 129 min, volume of distribution at steady-state 0.35 L/kg, and total body clearance 2.7 mL/min kg after intravenous administration at 20 mg/kg. The absorption after intramuscular administration appeared slow and the kinetic parameters and the serum concentration vs, time curve were characteristic of absorption rate-dependent elimination, The absorption after intramammary administration of florfenicol at 20 mg/kg was good (53.9%) and resulted in serum concentrations with apparent clinical significance, The intramammary administration resulted in serum florfenicol concentrations that were significantly higher than the respective serum concentrations following intravenous administration 4 h after administration and thereafter. Florfenicol absorption was faster from the mammary gland than from the muscle, The maximum serum concentrations (C(max)) were 6.9 mu g/mL at 360 min after intramammary administration and 2.3 mu g/mL at 180 min after intramuscular administration, The bioavailability of florfenicol was 54% and 38% after intramammary and intramuscular administration, respectively, The C(max) in milk was 5.4 mu g/mL at 180 min after intravenous and 1.6 mu g/mL at 600 min after intramuscular administration. C1 USDA ARS, MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. SCHERING PLOUGH CORP, UNION, NJ 07083 USA. RP Soback, S (reprint author), NATL RESIDUE CONTROL LAB, KIMRON VET INST, POB 12, IL-50250 BET DAGAN, ISRAEL. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7783 J9 J VET PHARMACOL THER JI J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 18 IS 6 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00618.x PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA TK735 UT WOS:A1995TK73500003 PM 8789692 ER PT J AU Karesh, WB Hart, JA Hart, TB House, C Torres, A Dierenfeld, ES Braselton, WE Puche, H Cook, RA AF Karesh, WB Hart, JA Hart, TB House, C Torres, A Dierenfeld, ES Braselton, WE Puche, H Cook, RA TI Health evaluation of five sympatric duiker species (Cephalophus spp) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cephalophus spp; disease; hematology; serology; parasite; Zaire ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; INFECTIOUS BOVINE-RHINOTRACHEITIS; HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUSES; SOUTH-AFRICAN WILDLIFE; SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; NATIONAL-PARK; RED DUIKERS; LEPTOSPIRA AB As part of ongoing ecological studies of rain forest ungulate communities at two sites in the Ituri forest, Zaire, a health survey of five sympatric, free-ranging species of duikers (Cephalophus spp.) was conducted in 1991 and 1992. Ninety-five animals were physically examined during handling procedures, and blood and fecal samples were collected from 77 individuals for laboratory analysis. All animals appeared to be in good condition, and no abnormalities were noted. Hematology and serum chemistry, vitamin, and mineral levels were measured and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology and fecal parasite examinations. Positive antibody titers for leptospirosis, bluetongue virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease were found. These diseases have the potential to affect wildlife population dynamics as well as to have direct and indirect effects on local people. Serologic tests for foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, bovine viral diarrhea, brucellosis, and anaplasmosis were negative. Significant differences in disease prevalence were not found among the five species, sex or age classes, or between the two sites. In light of the serology and parasitology findings, the apparent good condition of the individual animals demonstrates the importance of diagnostic testing in establishing a health profile for a given population. C1 USDA,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,ANIM HLTH DIAGNOST LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Karesh, WB (reprint author), WILDLIFE CONSERVAT SOC,2300 SO BLVD,BRONX,NY 10460, USA. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 26 IS 4 BP 485 EP 502 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA UQ216 UT WOS:A1995UQ21600001 ER PT J AU QURESHI, AA BRADLOW, BA BRACE, L MANGANELLO, J PETERSON, DM PEARCE, BC WRIGHT, JJK GAPOR, A ELSON, CE AF QURESHI, AA BRADLOW, BA BRACE, L MANGANELLO, J PETERSON, DM PEARCE, BC WRIGHT, JJK GAPOR, A ELSON, CE TI RESPONSE OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SUBJECTS TO ADMINISTRATION OF TOCOTRIENOLS SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Palm Oil Congress CY SEP, 1993 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA SP Palm Oil Res Inst Malaysia ID CHOLESTEROL; SERUM; HUMANS AB The cholesterol-suppressive actions of Palmvitee and gamma-tocotrienol were assessed in hypercholesterolemic subjects after acclimation to the American Heart Association Step 1 dietary regimen for four and eight weeks, respectively. The four-week dietary regimen alone elicited a 5% decrease (P < 0.05) in the cholesterol level of the 36 subjects. Subjects continuing on the dietary regimen for a second four-week period experienced an additional 2% decrease in their cholesterol levels. Dietary assessments based on unanticipated recalls of 24-h food intake records suggest that significant reductions in energy and fat, predominantly in saturated far, intakes are responsible. The subjects experienced significant Palmvitee- and gamma-tocotrienol-mediated decreases in cholesterol. The group of subjects acclimated to the dietary regimen for four weeks responded to Palmvitee (a blend of tocols providing 40 mg alpha-tocopherol, 48 mg alpha-tocotrienol, 112 mg gamma-tocotrienol, and 60 mg delta-tocotrienol/day for four weeks) with a 10% decrease in cholesterol (P < 0.05). Dietary assessments showed no further change in energy and fat intakes. alpha-Tocopherol attenuates the cholesterol-suppressive action of the tocotrienols. The second group of subjects, acclimated to the dietary regimen for eight weeks, received 200 mg gamma-tocotrienol/d for four weeks. The cholesterol-suppressive potency of this alpha-tocopherol-free preparation was calculated to be equivalent to that of the mixture of tocotrienols (220 mg) used in the prior study. Cholesterol levels of the 16 subjects in the second group decreased 13% (P < 0.05) during the four-week trial. Plasma apolipoprotein B and ex vivo generation of thromboxane B-2 were similarly responsive to the tocotrienol preparations, whereas neither preparation had an impact on high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,CHICAGO,IL 60612. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO,PHARMACEUT RES INST,WALLINGFORD,CT 06492. USDA,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. PALM OIL RES INST MALAYSIA,KUALA LUMPUR 50720,MALAYSIA. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT NUTR SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP QURESHI, AA (reprint author), ADV MED RES,8251 RAYMOND RD,MADISON,WI 53719, USA. NR 11 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD DEC PY 1995 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1171 EP 1177 DI 10.1007/BF02536620 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA TK007 UT WOS:A1995TK00700015 PM 8614309 ER PT J AU PIVARNIK, JM BRAY, MS HERGENROEDER, AC HILL, RB WONG, WW AF PIVARNIK, JM BRAY, MS HERGENROEDER, AC HILL, RB WONG, WW TI ETHNICITY AFFECTS AEROBIC FITNESS IN US ADOLESCENT GIRLS SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CAUCASIAN; CHILDREN; EXERCISE; TREADMILL ID BODY-COMPOSITION; CHILDREN; MASS AB The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether aerobic fitness (VO2max) differed between black (N = 40) and white (N = 53) adolescent girls who were similar in age (13.5 yr) and percent body fat (24.6%). Expired gases were collected continuously while each girl performed a standard Bruce protocol to volitional exhaustion on a motorized treadmill (TM). Heart rates (HR) were measured during the exercise testing via telemetry. Fat-free mass (FFM) was estimated with total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC). Average (+/-SD) maximum HR (black = 194 +/- 7; white = 198 +/- 8) and respiratory exchange ratios (black = 1.17 +/- 0.08; white = 1.22 +/- 0.09) did not differ between subject groups. Aerobic fitness was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in black versus white girls when VO2max was expressed relative to body weight (31.8 +/- 5.8 vs 38.5 +/- 6.8 ml . kg(-1). min(-1)) and body weight raised to the 0.67 power (120.9 +/- 19.5 vs 138.5 +/- 20.7 ml . kg(-0.67). min(-1)). Treadmill time to exhaustion was significantly less (P < 0.01) in the black (8.49 +/- 1.30 min) versus white(9.41 +/- 1.60) subjects. Also, black subjects demonstrated less ability to utilize O-2 during maximal exercise at a given FFM. This suggests the black girls' FFM contained a smaller percentage of skeletal muscle mass that could be utilized during treadmill exercise. It is possible that lower aerobic fitness values seen in the black girls are related to a combination of anatomical, physiological and/or behavioral factors. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1635 EP 1638 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA TJ499 UT WOS:A1995TJ49900009 PM 8614319 ER PT J AU Speer, CA Tilley, M Temple, ME Blixt, JA Dubey, JP White, MW AF Speer, CA Tilley, M Temple, ME Blixt, JA Dubey, JP White, MW TI Sporozoites of Toxoplasma gondii lack dense-granule protein GRA3 and form a unique parasitophorous vacuole SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; apicomplexa; development; gene expression; dense granules; rhoptry; parasitophorous vacuole ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; OOCYST; SPORULATION; ANTIGENS AB The invasion of host cells by sporozoites of Toxoplasma gondii leads to the formation of parasitophorous vacuoles that are distinctly different from those surrounding tachyzoites. In sporozoite-infected cells, the fluid-filled space surrounding the sporozoite is many times larger in volume than the sporozoite, essentially lacks granular or tubular structures, and has no detectable continuous parasitophorous vacuolar membrane when prepared by conventional electron microscopic methods. Consistent with the ultrastructural differences, dense-granule protein GRA3, which associates with the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane of tachyzoites, was not detected by indirect immunofluorescence in sporozoite-infected cells 2-12 h post-inoculation or by Western blot analysis of sporozoite extracts, Western blots incubated with the alpha ROP/DG antiserum, which recognizes tachyzoite rhoptry and dense-granule proteins, revealed numerous other antigenic differences between sporozoites and tachyzoites. Cell cultures inoculated with sporozoites were monitored at various intervals for the expression of GRA3 and the developmentally-regulated tachyzoite surface protein SAG1. Expression of SAG1 and GRA3 was first observed in 30% of the sporozoite-infected cells at 12 and 15 h post-inoculation, respectively, and in all intracellular parasites at 24 h. Parasite replication was only observed in sporozoite-infected cells that were positive for GRA3 and SAG1, Thus, these data indicate that sporozoites and their interaction with host cells differ substantially from tachyzoites and the expression of tachyzoite-specific proteins is likely required for parasite replication. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MOLEC BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA ARS,LPSI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI White, Michael/A-4978-2012 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 75 IS 1 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(95)02515-4 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA TQ605 UT WOS:A1995TQ60500008 PM 8720177 ER PT J AU Marsh, DO Turner, MD Smith, JC Allen, P Richdale, N AF Marsh, DO Turner, MD Smith, JC Allen, P Richdale, N TI Fetal methylmercury study in a Peruvian fish-eating population SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 1994 CL HOT SPRINGS, AR DE fish; Peru ID METHYL MERCURY; SELENIUM; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; TUNA; RAT AB Maternal consumption during pregnancy of methylmercury (MeHg)-contaminated fish in Japan and of MeHg-contaminated bread in Iraq caused psychomotor retardation in the offspring. Studies in Iraq suggested adverse fetal effects when maternal hair mercury concentrations were as low as 20 ppm. This prospective study involved 131 infant-mother pairs in Mancora, Peru with peak maternal hair MeHg levels during pregnancy from 1.2 ppm to 30.0 ppm, geometric mean 8.3. The MeHg was believed to be derived from marine fish in the diet. There was no increase in the frequency of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in early childhood. The possible role of selenium or other protective mechanisms in marine fish is discussed. This previously unpublished study was conducted between 1981 and 1984. Our report of August 1985 to the funding agencies has been circulated, and the data were presented at the Twelfth International Neurotoxicology Conference in Hot Spring, Arkansas, October 30 to November 2, 1994. The current account has not been modified or updated since 1985. For reference to interim publications on fetal MeHg studies in Iraq and New Zealand see Marsh et al., 1995. (C) 1995 Intox Press, Inc. C1 USDA,BERKELEY,CA. ON SITE THERAPEUT INC,WAYLAND,MA. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. UNIV CINCINNATI,USDA,ALBANY,CA. RP Marsh, DO (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT ENVIRONM MED,BOX EHSC,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. NR 40 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 7 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD WIN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 717 EP 725 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TU789 UT WOS:A1995TU78900013 PM 8714876 ER PT J AU KAUFFMAN, JB CUMMINGS, DL WARD, DE BABBITT, R AF KAUFFMAN, JB CUMMINGS, DL WARD, DE BABBITT, R TI FIRE IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON .1. BIOMASS, NUTRIENT POOLS, AND LOSSES IN SLASHED PRIMARY FORESTS SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE TROPICAL FORESTS; BIOMASS BURNING; CARBON CYCLING; NUTRIENT CYCLING; SLASH-AND-BURN ID EVERGREEN RAINFOREST; VENEZUELAN AMAZON; TROPICAL FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; DEFORESTATION; CHEMISTRY; BUDGETS AB Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has resulted in the conversion of > 230,000 km(2) of tropical forest, yet little is known on the quantities of biomass consumed or the losses of nutrients from the ecosystem. We quantified the above-ground biomass, nutrient pools and the effects of biomass burning in four slashed primary tropical moist forests in the Brazilian Amazon. Total above-ground biomass (TAGB) ranged from 292 Mg ha(-1) to 436 Mg ha(-1). Coarse wood debris (> 20.5 cm diameter) was the dominant fuel component. However, structure of the four sites were variable. Coarse wood debris comprised from 44% to 69% of the TAGB, while the forest floor (litter and rootmat) comprised from 3.7 to 8.0% of the TAGB. Total biomass consumption ranged from 42% to 57%. Fires resulted in the consumption of > 99% of the litter and rootmat, yet < 50% of the coarse wood debris. Dramatic losses in C, N and S were quantified. Lesser quantities of P, K, and Ca were lost by combustion processes. Carbon losses from the ecosystem were 58-112 Mg ha(-1). Nitrogen losses ranged from 817 to 1605 kg ha(-1) and S losses ranged from 92 to 122 kg ha(-1). This represents losses that are as high as 56%, 68%, and 49% of the total above-ground pools of these nutrients, respectively. Losses of P were as high as 20 kg ha(-1) or 32% of the above-ground pool. Losses to the atmosphere arising from primary slash fires were variable among sites due to site differences in concentration, fuel biomass, and fuel structure, climatic fluctuations, and anthropogenic influences. Compared to fires in other forest ecosystems, fires in slashed primary tropical evergreen forests result in among the highest total losses of nutrients ever measured. In addition, the proportion of the total nutrient pool lost from slash fires is higher in this ecosystem compared to other ecosystems due to a higher percentage of nutrients stored in above-ground biomass. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP KAUFFMAN, JB (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 40 TC 173 Z9 184 U1 6 U2 44 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 1995 VL 104 IS 4 BP 397 EP 408 DI 10.1007/BF00341336 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TJ375 UT WOS:A1995TJ37500001 PM 28307654 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE AF Rexroad, CE TI Transgenic livestock in agriculture: New animals for a new worlds SO OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID FARM-ANIMALS; MICE; PIGS; MICROINJECTION; RABBITS; SHEEP AB Recombinant DNA technology and techniques for gene insertion into animals have generated promises of animals genetically engineered to be healthy, productive, and sources of novel and/or improved foods and fibre, Transgenic animals have also generated concerns about the production of monsters that will cause ecological catastrophes. Here, current research on the insertion of new genes into livestock is described, and an attempt is made to provide a scientific perspective on the likelihood of either outcome. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0030-7270 J9 OUTLOOK AGR JI Outlook Agric. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA UA509 UT WOS:A1995UA50900006 ER PT J AU Lenart, EB Goldberg, JP Bailey, SM Dallal, GE Koff, E AF Lenart, EB Goldberg, JP Bailey, SM Dallal, GE Koff, E TI Current and ideal physique choices in exercising and nonexercising college women from a pilot athletic image scale SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID EATING DISORDER INVENTORY; BODY-SIZE; FEMALE; PERCEPTIONS; SHAPE; WEIGHT AB An Athletic Image Scale including female physiques with and without muscular definition is currently in the developmental phase. With shading, contouring, and three-dimensionality not offered previously on figure-rating scales, this instrument was designed to examine an apparent growing interest on the part of women in athletic body-image ideals. The athletic level of each figure on the scale was based on responses of a group of college women. The 30-figure pilot scale was then tested by rating current and ideal body-shape preferences of two groups of first-year college women, 65 who exercised regularly and 45 who engaged in no regular exercise. Analysis showed no relationship between current and ideal physique choice and exercise status. Most exercising and nonexercising women chose a mesomorphic ideal physique with upper-body muscularity unlikely to occur without substantial amounts of physical activity. The associations among exercise status, figure choice, subscale scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory, and Self-esteem Scale scores were also examined. Women choosing moderately mesomorphic figures as their current shape had the lowest Body Dissatisfaction scale scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory irrespective of exercise status. Current- and ideal-shape preferences were not related to self-esteem scores. The pilot Athletic Image Scale offered several figures which seemed to be relevant to women although it must be noted that the scale purposely emphasized particular physiques. Even so, it is important to recognize that greater than sixty percent of the women preferred images with athletic physiques which-are not offered on figure-rating scales presently in use. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR SCI & SOCIAL POLICY,MEDFORD,MA 02155. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,MEDFORD,MA 02155. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. WELLESLEY COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,WELLESLEY,MA 02181. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD DEC PY 1995 VL 81 IS 3 BP 831 EP 848 PN 1 PG 18 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA TK439 UT WOS:A1995TK43900020 PM 8668441 ER PT J AU Nissen, SJ Masters, RA Thompson, WM Stougaard, RN AF Nissen, SJ Masters, RA Thompson, WM Stougaard, RN TI Absorption and fate of imazapyr in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adventitious shoot buds; rangeland; metabolism; root exudation ID TRANSLOCATION; METABOLISM; PICLORAM; GLYPHOSATE; FIELD AB Imazapyr absorption, translocation, root release and metabolism were examined in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Leafy spurge plants were propagated from root cuttings and [C-14]imazapyr was applied to growth-chamber-grown plants in a water + 28% urea ammonium nitrate + nonionic surfactant solution (98.75 + 1 + 0.25 by volume). Plants were harvested two and eight days after herbicide treatment (DAT) and divided into: treated leaf, stem and leaves above treated leaf, stem and leaves below the treated leaf, crown, root, dormant and elongated adventitious shoot buds. Imazapyr absorption increased from 62.5% 2 DAT to 80.0% 8 DAT. Herbicide translocation out of the treated leaf and accumulation in roots and adventitious shoot buds was apparent 2 DAT. By the end of the eight-day translocation period only 14% of applied C-14 remained in the treated leaf, while 17% had translocated into the root system. Elongated and dormant adventitious shoot buds accumulated 3.2- and 1.8-fold more C-14, respectively, 8 DAT than did root tissue based on Bq g(-1) dry weight. Root release of C-14 was evident 2 DAT, and by 8 DAT 19.4% of the C-14 reaching the root system was released into the rooting medium. There was no metabolism of imazapyr in crown, root or adventitious shoot buds 2 DAT; however, imazapyr metabolism was evident in the treated leaf 2 and 8 DAT. Imazapyr phytotoxicity to leafy spurge appears to result from high imazapyr absorption, translocation to underground meristematic areas (roots and adventitious shoot buds), and a slow rate of metabolism. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 45 IS 4 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1002/ps.2780450406 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA TK694 UT WOS:A1995TK69400005 ER PT J AU BAUMGARTNER, MF RANGO, A AF BAUMGARTNER, MF RANGO, A TI A MICROCOMPUTER-BASED ALPINE SNOW-COVER ANALYSIS SYSTEM (ASCAS) SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The paper describes the design of an Alpine Snow-Cover Analysis System (ASCAS) for monitoring snow-cover variations in mountainous regions. In addition to observation of snow-cover variations, the system permits derivation of interrelationships between snow cover and regional climate variables. ASCAS integrates several software modules, including image processing, geographic information systems (GIS), snow volume and runoff calculations, scientific visualization, and creation of a database. Problems involved with integrating the different modules into ASCAS and of transferring data from one module to another are discussed. Special attention is given to the necessary hardware because the integrated system is run on microcomputers. In a second part of the paper, a case study for the hydrological year 1990 shows first results of simulating snowmelt runoff using the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) and of calculating snow-water equivalent for three basins in the Swiss Alps. In this study, the calculations show that the accumulated snow volume is less in the Inn/Martina basin than in the other two basins (Rhine/Felsberg and Ticino/Bellinzona) because it is drier as a result of it being a continentally influenced inner-alpine valley. Based on a temperature-increase scenario of +2 degrees C in the Inn/Martina basin, the effects of climate change on ablation and runoff are estimated. Ablation occurs two to three weeks earlier than under present conditions, and runoff occurs about three weeks earlier, resulting in an earlier and higher snowmelt peak pow and a steeper recession pow in summer. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BAUMGARTNER, MF (reprint author), UNIV BERN,DEPT GEOG,REMOTE SENSING RES GRP,HALLERSTR 12,CH-3012 BERN,SWITZERLAND. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1475 EP 1486 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TH678 UT WOS:A1995TH67800005 ER PT J AU Sicher, RC Kremer, DF Bunce, JA AF Sicher, RC Kremer, DF Bunce, JA TI Photosynthetic acclimation and photosynthate partitioning in soybean leaves in response to carbon dioxide enrichment SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sink-limited photosynthesis; starch; carbohydrate metabolism; Glycine max; Rubisco ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SUCROSE SYNTHESIS; LIGHT; STARCH; CARBOHYDRATE; TEMPERATURE; SEEDLINGS; EXPOSURE; GROWTH AB Photosynthetic rates and photosynthate partitioning were studied in three-week-old soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams] plants exposed to either ambient (35 Pa) or elevated (70 Pa) CO2 in controlled environment chambers. Ambient CO2-grown plants also were given a single 24 h treatment with 70 Pa CO2 1 d prior to sampling. Photosynthetic rates of ambient CO2-grown plants initially increased 36% when the measurement CO2 was doubled from 35 to 70 Pa. Photosynthetic rates of the third trifoliolate leaf, both after 1 and 21 d of elevated CO2 treatment, were 30 to 45% below those of ambient CO2-grown plants when measured at 35 Pa CO2. These reduced photosynthetic rates were not due to increased stomatal resistance and were observed for 2 to 8 h after plants given 1 d of CO2 enrichment were returned to ambient CO2. Initial and total ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activities, percent activation, Rubisco protein, soluble protein and leaf chlorophyll content were similar in all CO2 treatments. Quantum yields of photosynthesis, determined at limiting irradiances and at 35 Pa CO2, were 0.049 +/- 0.003 and 0.038 +/- 0.005 mol CO2 fixed per mol quanta for ambient and elevated CO2-grown plants, respectively (p < 0.05). Leaf starch and sucrose levels were greater in plants grown at 70 than at 35 Pa CO2. Starch accumulation rates during the day were greater in ambient CO2-grown plants than in plants exposed to elevated CO2 for either 1 or 21 d. However, the percentage of C partitioned to starch relative to total C fixed was unaffected by 1 d of CO2 enrichment. The above results showed that both photosynthetic and starch accumulation rates of soybean leaflets measured at 35 Pa CO2 were temporarily reduced after 1 and 21 d of CO2 enrichment. The biochemical mechanism affecting these responses was not identified. RP Sicher, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BLDG 046-A,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 46 IS 3 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1007/BF00032295 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UB050 UT WOS:A1995UB05000004 PM 24301635 ER PT J AU Panetta, PD Ostenson, JE Finnemore, DK Snead, CL AF Panetta, PD Ostenson, JE Finnemore, DK Snead, CL TI Pinning mechanisms in YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEFECTS; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Systematic studies of flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals have been undertaken in an attempt to isolate the mechanisms that may cause the so-called fishtail pinning effect, a rise in critical current density (J(c)) that occurs as the magnetic field (H) increases. Two different sources of point defect pinning, 200 MeV proton irradiation and oxygen annealing, are used to alter the system and to determine how each one changes the J(c) vs H curves. The fishtail pinning effect is extremely robust and survives both in magnitude and with a similar slope of the J(c) vs H curve for a wide range of irradiation and for wide excursions in oxygen content and annealing condition. The data are consistent with an intrinsic granularity arising from cation disorder that survives as oxygen is inserted and removed and as irradiation induced point defects are added and removed. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, AMES, IA 50011 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT ADV TECHNOL, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RP Panetta, PD (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, USDA, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RI Panetta, Paul/P-5339-2014 OI Panetta, Paul/0000-0001-6974-1112 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 21 BP 15570 EP 15574 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.15570 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TK979 UT WOS:A1995TK97900076 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Patterson, D Brauer, D Cooke, P Sweeney, I Hsu, AF AF Tu, SI Patterson, D Brauer, D Cooke, P Sweeney, I Hsu, AF TI Interaction between poly(L-lysine) and membranes inhibits proton pumping by corn root tonoplast H+-ATPase SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ATPase-coupled proton pumping; membrane electrostatic interaction; tonoplast H+-ATPase ID TRANSLOCATING ATPASES; CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE; LIPID VESICLES; OAT ROOTS; ACID; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; MECHANISM; BILAYERS; MELITTIN; MODEL AB The influence of poly(L-lysine) binding on the coupled activities of nitrate-sensitive Ht-ATPase in isolated corn (Zea mays L. cv. FRB73) root tonoplast vesicles was investigated. The addition of membrane-impermeable poly(L-lysine) caused a slow increase in light scattering of the tonoplast suspension. Electron microscopy showed that the increase was the result of an aggregation of the vesicles. In the presence of 75 mM KCl, a concentration sufficient to sustain near optimal ATP hydrolysis, poly(L-lysine) slightly enhanced the hydrolysis activity but significantly inhibited proton pumping of the H+-ATPase. Inhibition increased with the average molecular mass of poly(L-lysine) and reached a maximum at 58 kDa. When total osmolarity was kept constant, the replacement of sucrose by KCl enhanced both ATP hydrolysis and proton pumping activities. However, enhancement of proton pumping was significantly greater than that of ATP hydrolysis. An increase in KCl, but not K2SO4, significantly relieved poly(L-lysine)-induced inhibition of proton pumping. Kinetic analysis indicated that poly(L-lysine) did not significantly affect the proton leakage of the tonoplast membranes under different energetic conditions. These results suggest that the electrostatic interaction between poly(L-lysine) and the negative charges on the exterior surface of tonoplast vesicles could change the coupling ratio of ATP hydrolysis to proton pumping. Thus, the surface charge of the tonoplast membrane may be involved in the regulation of these two activities. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 633 EP 642 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TQ841 UT WOS:A1995TQ84100019 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, HJ SATTLER, I MOYNA, G SCOTT, AI BELL, AA VINSON, SB AF WILLIAMS, HJ SATTLER, I MOYNA, G SCOTT, AI BELL, AA VINSON, SB TI DIVERSITY IN CYCLIC SESQUITERPENE PRODUCTION BY GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GOSSYPIUM; MALVACEAE; AROMADENDRENE; CYCLASE; SELIMENE; SESQUITERPENE ID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Major sesquiterpene components of oil of Texas Race Stock 810 of Gossypium hirsutum were alpha- and beta-selinene. This is the seventh cyclic terpene type found to date in this genus. Both alpha- and beta-selinene, along with aromadendrene, were found but only as minor components of extracts of several domestic cultivars of G. hirsutum. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,COTTON PATHOL LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP WILLIAMS, HJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CTR BIOL NMR,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD DEC PY 1995 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1633 EP 1636 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00577-T PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA TK094 UT WOS:A1995TK09400007 PM 8590634 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK TANAKA, T SHIER, WT AF ABBAS, HK TANAKA, T SHIER, WT TI BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES OF SYNTHETIC ANALOGS OF ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA TOXIN (AAL-TOXIN) AND FUMONISIN IN PLANT AND MAMMALIAN-CELL CULTURES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AAL-TOXIN; FUMONISINS; PHYTOTOXINS; PHYTOTOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS; PHYTOTOXICITY AB In a search for an analogue of AAL-toxin with high phytotoxicity and low mammalian toxicity, aminopentols [(AP(1)), hexacetyl AP(1) and N-acetyl AP(1)], and nine analogues (1-9), were tested for toxicity to duckweed (Lemna pausicostata), susceptible tomato (asc/asc) leaf discs, black nightshade leaf discs and mammalian cell lines, including dog kidney (MDCK), rat liver hepatoma (H4TG) and mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3). These were compared with AAL-toxin and fumonisin B-1 (FB1). Analogue 9 at 10 mu M increased cellular leakage and chlorophyll loss from both tomato and black nightshade leaf discs. The diester 9 was the most active in the duckweed bioassay, but it was much less toxic to MDCK and H4TG cells with an IC50 of 200 mu M compared to 10 mu M for FB1. Analogue 9 and FB1 showed similar low toxicities (ICS50 = 150 mu M) to NIH3T3 cells. Among the substances tested, only analogue 9 had significant phytotoxicity and low mammalian toxicity, indicating some potential for development of safe and effective natural herbicides. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL PHARM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UBE IND LTD,UBE LAB,AGROCHEM RES DEPT,UBE,YAMAGUCHI,JAPAN. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD DEC PY 1995 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1681 EP 1689 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00470-R PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA TK094 UT WOS:A1995TK09400016 PM 8590636 ER PT J AU Baird, RE Brenneman, TB Bell, DK Sumner, DR Minton, NA Mullinix, BG Peery, AB AF Baird, RE Brenneman, TB Bell, DK Sumner, DR Minton, NA Mullinix, BG Peery, AB TI Influence of crop rotation and flutolanil on the diversity of fungi on peanut shells SO PHYTOPROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; ROOT DISEASES; MYCOBIOTA; SOIL; SURVIVAL AB Soilborne pathogens of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) often survive or overwinter on peanut shells left on or in the soil. The effects of different crop rotations on the peanut shell mycobiota were compared in three field trials in 1992 and repeated in 1993. In two of the trials, plots grown continuously to peanut were either treated with the fungicide flutolanil or left untreated. Rotation practices varied with location and the crops in rotation with peanut were cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), rye (Secale cereale), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and corn (Zea mays). In total, 31 different genera of fungi were isolated from shells. Over two-thirds of the isolates were Deuteromycotina, followed in frequency by Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Phycomycetes. The rotation practices affected the incidence of several pathogenic fungi (e.g., Fusarium spp., and Lasiodiplodia theobromae) in the peanut: shells, but the results were not consistent across trials or years. Bahiagrass or corn grown in rotation with peanut reduced the frequency of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 in shells. Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 and Macrophomina phaseolina were isolated at a greater level in the bahiagrass-peanut rotation. Where peanut was rotated with cotton with or without a winter cover crop of rye, plots containing rye had lower isolation rates for total fungi in 1992 than those without rye, but there was no difference in 1993. Also, several species of Fusarium were isolated more frequently from shells from plots rotated with rye. Flutolanil significantly lowered isolation rates of several fungi, including R. solani AG-4, in one trial in 1992. Total fungi isolated (all fungal isolates combined) in the flutolanil-treated plots were greater in 1993, but not in 1992 at one site. Isolation rates for the different genera and species of fungi differed on the two media utilized (malt-extract agar and malt-salt agar). In particular, Alternaria alternata and species of Fusarium were isolated more frequently on malt-salt agar, whereas L. theobromae, R. solani AG-4 and Trichoderma spp. were more common on malt-extract agar. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. SW PURDUE AGR PROGRAM,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,VINCENNES,IN 47591. UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN STN,STAT & COMP SERN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Baird, RE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RURAL DEV CTR,POB 1209,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUEBEC SOC PROTECT PLANTS PI ST FOY PA PHYTOPROTECTION, 3488 CHEMIN SAINTE-FOY, ST FOY PQ G1X 2S8, CANADA SN 0031-9511 J9 PHYTOPROTECTION JI Phytoprotection PD DEC PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 101 EP 113 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UM153 UT WOS:A1995UM15300002 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Avni, A Anderson, JD AF Bailey, BA Avni, A Anderson, JD TI The influence of ethylene and tissue age on the sensitivity of Xanthi tobacco leaves to a Trichoderma viride xylanase SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethylene; Nicotiana tabacum; senescence; Trichoderma viride; xylanase ID BIOSYNTHESIS-INDUCING ENDOXYLANASE; CV XANTHI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LEAF-DISKS; ACID; PURIFICATION; CELLULYSIN; INDUCTION; PLANTS; GENE AB A xylanase produced by Trichoderma viride induced defense responses including ethylene biosynthesis and necrosis in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi leaves. Ethylene pretreatment accentuated the level of ethylene and necrosis produced in response to xylanase. The sensitivity of leaves to xylanase and ethylene was influenced by tissue age. Young leaves were relatively insensitive to both ethylene and xylanase. Mature leaves were relatively insensitive to xylanase but became very sensitive to xylanase after treatment with ethylene. Senescing leaves were more sensitive to xylanase than young or mature leaves. Ethylene alone had little if any effect on ethylene biosynthesis or ACC synthase transcript levels in the absence of xylanase treatment but stimulated accumulation of pathogenesis related protein PR-1 basic transcripts directly. Ethylene-pretreated leaves subsequently treated with xylanase had greatly elevated ACC synthase transcript levels compared to levels in xylanase treated air-pretreated leaves. The time course of PR-1 basic transcript accumulation in response to ethylene was similar to the time course for ethylene enhanced-sensitivity to xylanase as expressed by ethylene biosynthesis, ACC synthase transcript level and necrosis. All the measured effects of ethylene were lost within a similar time frame of 48 h after removing plants from the ethylene atmosphere. A second ethylene treatment of tobacco plants, following the loss of the initial ethylene treatment, restored the enhanced sensitivity of the tissues to xylanase. The continual presence of ethylene is required for maintenance of the effects of ethylene studied here and, the timing of the induction and subsequent loss of the ethylene effects are closely coordinated whether at the molecular or whole tissue level. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1669 EP 1676 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA TK823 UT WOS:A1995TK82300033 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Vallerani, C Shilling, DG AF Sinclair, TR Vallerani, C Shilling, DG TI Transpiration inhibition by stored xylem sap from well-watered maize plants SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE zea mays (L); maize; xylem sap; transpiration; calcium ID GROWTH; CALCIUM AB There is increasing evidence that a chemical signal exists in xylem sap of plants subjected to water deficits which influences physiological responses in plant shoots, An important method of studying this signal is the transpiration response of excised leaves exposed to xylem sap collected from plants, However, Munns et al, [Plant, Cell & Environment 16, 867-877] cautioned that transpiration inhibition is observed when xylem sap collected from wheat and barley is stored before determining physiological activity. The objective of the study reported here was to determine if transpiration inhibition develops in maize sap collected from well-watered plants when the sap is stored under various conditions, It was found that storage of maize sap collected from well-watered plants for only Id at -20 degrees C resulted in the development of substantial transpiration inhibition in bioassay leaves, Storage of sap at 4 degrees C resulted in the development of the effect after 2 weeks, while storage at -86 degrees C showed only small transpiration inhibition after 3 weeks, The major source of the transpiration inhibition was the development of a substance in the stored sap that resulted in physical blockage of the transpiration stream in bioassay leaves, However, a small signal component may also have developed in the stored sap, Because of the possibility of ionic activity under freezing conditions at -20 degrees C, calcium was studied for its potential involvement in the transpiration inhibition. However, the calcium concentrations found to inhibit transpiration were nearly an order of magnitude larger than the calcium concentrations observed in xylem sap. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1441 EP 1445 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00206.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TK973 UT WOS:A1995TK97300012 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RH Bhardwaj, SV Fordham, IM AF Zimmerman, RH Bhardwaj, SV Fordham, IM TI Use of starch-gelled medium for tissue culture of some fruit crops SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE antivitrification; hyperhydricity; polysaccharide ID GELATINIZED NUTRIENT MEDIA; ANTHER CULTURES; GELLING AGENT; BARLEY-STARCH; EMBRYOGENESIS; GROWTH AB Six cultivars of apple and two of red raspberry consistently produced equal or significantly better shoot proliferation on modified Murashige and Skoog medium gelled with a mixture of corn starch and Gelrite than on the same medium gelled with agar. Two pear cultivars grown on starch-Gelrite medium produced hyperhydric shoots and almost no growth, but the addition of a polysaccharide hydric control ('antivitrifying') agent to the medium eliminated hyperhydricity. The resulting shoot proliferation equaled or exceeded that on the agar-gelled medium. The starch-Gelrite mixture is easy to prepare and gelling agent costs are only 10-15% of agar, or less if starch is purchased in bulk. Although the opaque gray-white medium makes it more difficult to detect internal contaminants, external contaminants are easily discerned. RP Zimmerman, RH (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,FRUIT LAB,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TU286 UT WOS:A1995TU28600001 ER PT J AU Bregitzer, P Campbell, RD Wu, Y AF Bregitzer, P Campbell, RD Wu, Y TI Plant regeneration from barley callus: Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and phenylacetic acid SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Albinism; Hordeum vulgare L; somaclonal variation; totipotency ID HORDEUM-VULGARE-L; CHROMOSOMAL VARIATION; CULTURES AB The use of the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has played an important role in the production and maintenance of totipotent cereal callus. However, 2,4-D has been implicated in the loss of totipotency from barley callus. To examine the effect of 2,4-D on barley callus, regenerability and karyotype were examined over time as influenced by cultivar differences and 2,4-D levels, during a period in which initially vigorous plant regeneration typically declines dramatically. Higher (20.4-27.1 mu M) versus lower (6.8-13.5 mu M) concentrations of 2,4-D were positively associated with the number of green plantlets recovered from calli maintained for 10 and 16 weeks before transfer to regeneration media, and with the longevity of regenerability. There was a positive relationship between 2,4-D concentration and normal karyotype. We also investigated the use of phenylacetic acid for the initiation of regenerable barley callus. Very poor callus growth and plant regeneration was supported by phenylacetic acid. C1 UNIV IDAHO,RES & EXTENS CTR,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,POB 307,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TU286 UT WOS:A1995TU28600004 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS AF Dahleen, LS TI Improved plant regeneration from barley callus cultures by increased copper levels SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE callus culture; cupric sulfate; Hordeum vulgare ID HORDEUM-VULGARE; ROOT REGENERATION; TISSUE-CULTURE; SHOOT; WHEAT AB Incorporation of cupric sulfate into callus induction, maintenance, and regeneration media significantly enhanced plant regeneration from callus cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) immature embryos. Embryos from the cultivars 'Hector' and 'Excel' were cultured on MS medium containing 0, 0.1 (MS level), 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, or 100.0 mu M cupric sulfate. Plants were regenerated beginning at 8 weeks and continuing through 36 weeks. For Hector, medium containing 50 mu M copper regenerated significantly more plants than any other medium, with an average of 17 plants per embryo. In comparison, medium with MS copper levels (0.1 mu M) regenerated only 5 plants per embryo. For Excel, medium containing 5.0 mu M copper was the best, regenerating 1.4 plants per embryo. No Excel regenerants were obtained on medium with MS copper levels. Increased copper levels also increased the percentage of embryos that regenerated at least one plant, in both cultivars. The results indicate that MS copper levels are not optimized for barley callus cultures, and that improved plant regeneration can be obtained at higher copper concentrations. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58102, USA. NR 9 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 267 EP 269 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TU286 UT WOS:A1995TU28600009 ER PT J AU Samac, DA AF Samac, DA TI Strain specificity in transformation of alfalfa by Agrobacterium tumefaciens SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE crown gall; somatic embryogenesis; tissue culture; transgenic plants ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; RESISTANT ALFALFA; GENETIC-CONTROL; CALLUS-TISSUE; PLANTS; CULTURE; FIELD AB Production of transgenic alfalfa plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation requires Agrobacterium infection and regeneration from tissue culture. Variation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) germplasm for resistance to oncogenic and disarmed strains of A. tumefaciens (Smith & Townsend) Conn was tested in plant populations representing the nine distinct sources of alfalfa germplasm introduced into North America and used to develop modern varieties. For each of the virulent strains there was a positive correlation (p=0.05) of resistance to tumorigenesis with the trait for fall dormancy. There was also a significant correlation between plants selected for ineffective nodulation and resistance to tumorigenesis suggesting that the genetic loci required for successful symbiosis are also involved in tumorigenesis. Tissue explants of seedlings from the nine diversity groups were tested for transformation by three disarmed strains containing a plasmid with the scorable marker beta-glucuronidase. The strong correlation between dormancy and resistance to oncogenic strains was not observed with disarmed strains. However, there was a strong germplasm-strain interaction or transformation and embryogenesis in a highly embryogenic genotype. Thus, transformation at the whole plant level is germplasm dependent while in tissue culture the bacterial strain used is the critical variable for successful transformation. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TU286 UT WOS:A1995TU28600010 ER PT J AU YILDIRIM, A JONES, SS MURRAY, TD COX, TS LINE, RF AF YILDIRIM, A JONES, SS MURRAY, TD COX, TS LINE, RF TI RESISTANCE TO STRIPE RUST AND EYESPOT DISEASES OF WHEAT IN TRITICUM-TAUSCHII SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM; WILD WHEAT ID AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES; WINTER-WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; LEAF RUST; REGISTRATION; VENTRICOSA; ACCESSIONS AB A collection of 279 Triticum tauschii (syn. Aegilops squarrosa) accessions was evaluated for resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) and eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) diseases. Seedlings were inoculated with four different races of P. striiformis that represent all known virulences in the Pacific Northwest, and a genetically modified strain of P. herpotrichoides expressing beta-glucuronidase. Seventeen percent (44) of the T. tauschii accessions were resistant to all Pacific Northwest races of stripe rust, and 45% (115) were resistant to eyespot. Thirty-nine of the 279 accessions were resistant to the stripe rust races and the eyespot pathogen. Accessions resistant to stripe rust were mainly from the Caspian Sea region of Iran and Azerbaijan, with the majority belonging to T. rauschii subsp. strangulata and T. t. subsp. meyeri. There was no clear association between resistance to eyespot and geographical origin or taxonomic subgroup. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 79 IS 12 BP 1230 EP 1236 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TG176 UT WOS:A1995TG17600007 ER PT J AU MATHIASEN, RL AF MATHIASEN, RL TI FIRST REPORT OF LARCH DWARF MISTLETOE ON PACIFIC SILVER FIR AND ON MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK IN THE CASCADE-MOUNTAINS, WA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 US FOREST SERV,COLUMBIA RIVER RANGER STN,TROUTDALE,OR 97060. US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97208. RP MATHIASEN, RL (reprint author), IDAHO DEPT LANDS,1024 BOYD,COEUR DALENE,ID 83814, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 79 IS 12 BP 1249 EP 1249 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TG176 UT WOS:A1995TG17600014 ER PT J AU LINE, RF CHEN, XM AF LINE, RF CHEN, XM TI SUCCESSES IN BREEDING FOR AND MANAGING DURABLE RESISTANCE TO WHEAT RUSTS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; STRIPE RUST; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; 4 CULTIVARS; GENE-ACTION; INHERITANCE; NUMBER RP LINE, RF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 21 TC 89 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 79 IS 12 BP 1254 EP 1255 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TG176 UT WOS:A1995TG17600021 ER PT J AU Skadsen, RW Schulze-Lefert, P Herbst, JM AF Skadsen, RW Schulze-Lefert, P Herbst, JM TI Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of two catalase isozyme genes in barley SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolution; genome mapping; isozymes; oxygen radicals; powdery mildew ID HORDEUM-VULGARE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MAIZE; SEQUENCE; HOMOLOGY; ACID; COMPLEMENTATION; PEROXISOMES; RESISTANCE; PLANTS AB Clones representing two distinct barley catalase genes, Cat1 and Cat2, were found in a cDNA library prepared from seedling polysomal mRNA. Both clones were sequenced, and their deduced amino acid sequences were found to have high homology with maize and rice catalase genes. Cat1 had a 91% deduced amino acid sequence identity to CAT-1 of maize and 92% to CAT B of rice. Cat2 had 72 and 79% amino acid sequence identities to maize CAT-2 and -3 and 89% to CAT A of rice. Barley, maize or rice isozymes could be divided into two distinct groups by amino acid homologies, with one group homologous to the mitochondria-associated CAT-3 of maize and the other homologous to the maize peroxisomal/glyoxysomal CAT-1. Both barley CATs contained possible peroxisomal targeting signals, but neither had favorable mitochondrial targeting sequences. Cat1 mRNA occurred in whole endosperms (aleurones plus starchy endosperm), in isolated aleurones and in developing seeds, but Cat2 mRNA was virtually absent. Both mRNAs displayed different developmental expression patterns in scutella of germinating seeds. Cat2 mRNA predominated in etiolated seedling shoots and leaf blades. Barley genomic DNA contained two genes for Cat1 and one gene for Cat2. The Cat2 gene was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 4, 2.9 cM in telomeric orientation from the mlo locus conferring resistance to the powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei). C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT AGRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, LEHRSTUHL & IST BIOL BOT MOLEK GENET 1, D-52074 AACHEN, GERMANY. RP Skadsen, RW (reprint author), USDA, AGR RES SERV, CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT, 501 N WALNUT ST, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RI Schulze-Lefert, Paul/A-7746-2008; Schulze-Lefert, Paul/B-6707-2011 NR 39 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1014 DI 10.1007/BF00014973 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA TQ939 UT WOS:A1995TQ93900011 PM 8555444 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, M Droby, S Chalutz, E Eilam, Y AF Wisniewski, M Droby, S Chalutz, E Eilam, Y TI Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum in vitro and on the biocontrol activity of Candida oleophila SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTHARVEST BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CALCIUM NUTRITION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; GRAY MOLD; BROWN ROT; DISEASES; APPLES; VEGETABLES; PLANTS; FRUITS AB Calcium salts have been reported to play an important role in the inhibition of postharvest decay of apples and in enhancing the efficacy of postharvest biocontrol agents. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to examine and compare the effects of calcium and magnesium salts on the germination and metabolism of the postharvest pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum, and to determine the effects of these salts on the biocontrol activity of two isolates (182 and 247) of the yeast Candida oleophila. Increasing concentrations of CaCl2 (25-175 mM) resulted in decreased spore germination and germ-tube growth of both pathogens. The greatest effect was observed in the case of B. cinerea. The inhibitory effect could be overcome by the addition of glucose to the germination medium. MgCl2 (25-175 mM) had no effect on germination or germ-tube growth of either pathogen, indicating that the calcium cation rather than the chloride anion was responsible for the inhibition. The pectinolytic activity of crude enzyme obtained from the culture medium of both pathogens was also inhibited by 25-175 mM CaCl2, with the greatest effect on the crude enzyme from P. expansum. Biocontrol activity of isolate 182 was enhanced by the addition of 90 or 180 mM CaCl2, whereas there was no effect on the biocontrol activity of isolate 247. This was apparently due to the inability of isolate 247 to proliferate in apple wounds. It is postulated that enhanced biocontrol activity of isolate 182 of the yeast C. oleophila in the presence of Ca2+ ions is directly due to the inhibitory effects of calcium ions on pathogen spore germination and metabolism, and indirectly due to the ability of isolate 182 to maintain normal metabolism in the presence of 'toxic' levels of calcium. C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH MED SCH,IL-91010 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 36 TC 103 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1024 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02660.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TL062 UT WOS:A1995TL06200010 ER PT J AU AVDIUSHKO, S CROFT, KPC BROWN, GC JACKSON, DM HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, D AF AVDIUSHKO, S CROFT, KPC BROWN, GC JACKSON, DM HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, D TI EFFECT OF VOLATILE METHYL JASMONATE ON THE OXYLIPIN PATHWAY IN TOBACCO, CUCUMBER, AND ARABIDOPSIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPOXYGENASE GENE; ACID; LEAVES; HYDROPEROXIDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITORS; SEEDLINGS; PLANTS AB The effect of atmospheric methyl jasmonate on the oxylipin pathway was investigated in leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). Differential sensitivities of test plants to methyl jasmonate were observed. Thus, different concentrations of methyl jasmonate were required for induction of changes in the oxylipin pathway. Arabidopsis was the least and cucumber the most sensitive to methyl jasmonate. Methyl jasmonate induced the accumulation of lipoxygenase protein and a corresponding increase in extractable lipoxygenase activity. Atmospheric methyl jasmonate additionally induced hydroperoxide lyase activity and the enhanced production of several volatile six-carbon products. It is interesting that lipid hydroperoxidase activity, which is a measure of hydroperoxide lyase plus allene oxide synthase plus possibly other lipid hydroperoxide-metabolizing activities, was not changed by methyl jasmonate treatment. Methyl jasmonate selectively altered the activity of certain enzymes of the oxylipin pathway (lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase) and increased the potential of leaves for greatly enhanced six-carbon-volatile production. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ENTOMOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565. NR 26 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 109 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1230 DI 10.1104/pp.109.4.1227 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TK317 UT WOS:A1995TK31700013 PM 8539290 ER PT J AU NOLTE, KD HENDRIX, DL RADIN, JW KOCH, KE AF NOLTE, KD HENDRIX, DL RADIN, JW KOCH, KE TI SUCROSE SYNTHASE LOCALIZATION DURING INITIATION OF SEED DEVELOPMENT AND TRICHOME DIFFERENTIATION IN COTTON OVULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VICIA-FABA L; CELL-WALL; METABOLIC-REGULATION; FIBER DEVELOPMENT; MAIZE; EXPRESSION; UDP; ULTRASTRUCTURE; BIOSYNTHESIS; GOSSYPIUM AB Sucrose synthase in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovules was immunolocalized to clarify the relationship between this enzyme and (a) sucrose import/utilization during initiation of seed development, (b) trichome differentiation, and (c) cell-wall biosynthesis in these rapidly elongating ''fibers.'' Analyses focused on the period immediately before and after trichome initiation (at pollination). Internal tissues most heavily immunolabeled were the developing nucellus, adjacent integument (inner surface), and the vascular region. Little sucrose synthase was associated with the outermost epidermis on the day preceding pollination. However, 1 d later, immunolabel appeared specifically in those epidermal cells at the earliest visible phase of trichome differentiation. The day following pollination, these cells had elongated 3- to 5-fold and showed a further enhancement of sucrose synthase immunolabel. Levels of sucrose synthase mRNA also increased during this period, regardless of whether pollination per se had occurred. Timing of onset for the cell-specific localization of sucrose synthase in young seeds and trichome initials indicates a close association between this enzyme and sucrose import at a cellular level, as well as a potentially integral role in cell-wall biosynthesis. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT HORT SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 109 IS 4 BP 1285 EP 1293 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TK317 UT WOS:A1995TK31700020 ER PT J AU GARBARINO, JE OOSUMI, T BELKNAP, WR AF GARBARINO, JE OOSUMI, T BELKNAP, WR TI ISOLATION OF A POLYUBIQUITIN PROMOTER AND ITS EXPRESSION IN TRANSGENIC POTATO PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; UBIQUITIN GENES; METHYL JASMONATE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; WATER DEFICIT; MAIZE CELLS; INTRON; FUSION; TRANSFORMATION; IDENTIFICATION AB A polyubiquitin clone (ubi7) was isolated from a potato (Solanum toberosum) genomic library using a copy-specific probe from a stress-induced ubiquitin cDNA. The genomic clone contained a 569-bp intron immediately 5' to the initiation codon for the first ubiquitin-coding unit. Two chimeric beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion transgenes were introduced into potato. The first contained GUS fused to a 1156-bp promoter fragment containing only 5' flanking and 5' untranslated sequences from ubi7. The second transgene contained GUS translationally fused to the carboxy terminus of the first ubiquitin-coding unit and thus included the intron present in the 5' untranslated region of the polyubiquitin gene. Both ubi7-GUS transgenes were activated by wounding in tuber tissue and in leaves by application of exogenous methyl jasmonate. They were also expressed constitutively in the potato tuber peel (outer 1-2 mm). Both transgenes were actively expressed in mature leaves. Exceptionally high levels of expression were observed in senescent leaves. Transgenic clones containing the ubi7 intron and the first ubiquitin-coding unit showed GUS expression levels at least 10 times higher than clones containing GUS fused to the intronless promoter. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP GARBARINO, JE (reprint author), DEMETER BIOTECHNOL LTD,PO DRAWER 14388,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009 NR 49 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 109 IS 4 BP 1371 EP 1378 DI 10.1104/pp.109.4.1371 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TK317 UT WOS:A1995TK31700030 PM 8539296 ER PT J AU PORTIS, AR LILLEY, RM ANDREWS, TJ AF PORTIS, AR LILLEY, RM ANDREWS, TJ TI SUBSATURATING RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION PROMOTES INACTIVATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE (RUBISCO) - STUDIES USING CONTINUOUS SUBSTRATE ADDIITON IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF RUBISCO ACTIVASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; SLOW INACTIVATION; OXYGENASE RUBISCO; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; CATALYTIC SITE; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; LEAVES; DECARBAMYLATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We developed a continuous-addition method for maintaining subsaturating concentrations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) for several minutes, while simultaneously monitoring its consumption by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). This method enabled us to observe the effects of subsaturating RuBP and CO2 concentrations on the activity of Rubisco during much longer periods than previously studied. At saturating CO2, the activity of the enzyme declined faster when RUBP was maintained at concentrations near its K-m value than when RuBP was saturating. At saturating RuBP, activity declined faster at limiting than at saturating CO2, in accordance with previous observations. The most rapid decline in activity occurred when both CO2 and RuBP concentrations were subsaturating. The activity loss was accompanied by decarbamylation of the enzyme, even though the enzyme was maintained at the same CO2 concentration before and after exposure to RuBP. Rubisco activase ameliorated the decline in activity at subsaturating CO2 and RuBP concentrations. The results are consistent with a proposed mechanism for regulating the carbamylation of Rubisco, which postulates that Rubisco activase counteracts Rubisco's unfavorable carbamylation equilibrium in the presence of RuBP by accelerating, in an ATP-dependent manner, the release of RuBP from its complex with uncarbamylated sites. C1 UNIV WOLLONGONG,DEPT SCI BIOL,WOLLONGONG,NSW 2500,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP PORTIS, AR (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH BIOL SCI,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RI Lilley, Ross/B-8127-2008 OI Lilley, Ross/0000-0002-4292-4629 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 109 IS 4 BP 1441 EP 1451 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TK317 UT WOS:A1995TK31700039 ER PT J AU LEPRINCE, O WALTERSVERTUCCI, C AF LEPRINCE, O WALTERSVERTUCCI, C TI A CALORIMETRIC STUDY OF THE GLASS-TRANSITION BEHAVIORS IN AXES OF BEAN-SEEDS WITH RELEVANCE TO STORAGE STABILITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE SOLUTIONS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; TISSUE WATER; CRYOPRESERVATION; AMYLOPECTIN; STATE AB Although the presence of intracellular aqueous glasses has been established in seeds, their physiological role in storage stability is still conjectural. Therefore, we examined, using differential scanning calorimetry, the thermal behavior of glass transitions in axes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with water contents (WC) between 0 and 1 g H2O/g dry weight (g/g) and temperatures between -120 and +120 degrees C. Three types of thermal behaviors associated with the glass transition were observed. The appearance, the glass --> liquid transition temperature, and the amount of energy released during these transitions were dependent on the tissue WC. No glass transitions were observed at WC lower than 0.03 and higher than 0.45 g/g. A brief exposure to 100 degrees C altered the glass properties of tissues with WC between 0.03 and 0.08 g/g but did not affect the thermal behavior of glasses with higher WC, demonstrating that thermal history is important to the intracellular glass behavior at lower WC. Correspondence of data from bean to models predicting the effects of glass components on the glass --> liquid transition temperature suggests that the intracellular glasses are composed of a highly complex sugar matrix, in which sugar and water molecules interact together and influence the glass properties. Our data provide evidence that additional glass properties must be characterized to understand the implications of a glassy state in storage stability of seeds. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 53 TC 54 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 109 IS 4 BP 1471 EP 1481 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TK317 UT WOS:A1995TK31700042 ER PT J AU Booth, S Mayer, L AF Booth, S Mayer, L TI Effect of vitamin K on oral anticoagulation SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Booth, S (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 98 IS 6 BP 27 EP 28 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TK818 UT WOS:A1995TK81800005 PM 7501579 ER PT J AU Bayyari, GR Huff, WE Beasley, JN Balog, JM Rath, NC AF Bayyari, GR Huff, WE Beasley, JN Balog, JM Rath, NC TI The effect of dietary copper sulfate on infectious proventriculitis SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE copper sulfate; proventriculitis; infection; broiler; stunting syndrome ID BROILER-CHICKENS; LESIONS AB Oral inoculation of day-old broiler chicks with a crude homogenate of affected proventricular tissue, or the same homogenate filtered through a .2 mu m filter caused proventricular lesions similar to those responsible for carcass contamination of broilers at processing. Dietary copper sulfate (CUS) has also been shown to produce similar lesions. In this study, we investigated the interaction between crude proventriculus homogenate or filtered proventriculus homogenate and 1 g/kg CUS added to a standard chicken diet. Cobb x Cobb female broiler chicks were distributed into six groups with four replicate battery pens per group. Birds were fed either a standard broiler starter diet or the same diet with 1 g/kg CUS. Each dietary treatment was inoculated per os with 1 mt of either sterile saline, unfiltered homogenate, or filtered homogenate. Both crude and filtered homogenates had a much stronger affect on proventriculus score than did Cu by itself, resulting in no interaction between either homogenate or filtrate and CUS. There was a significant and possibly antagonistic interaction on proventriculus relative weights in the CUS by filtrate group during Week 1 and a synergistic interaction in the CUS by homogenate group during Week 4. Body weights were decreased in birds fed homogenate or CUS, but not in birds fed filtrate. There was a protective effect shown by filtrate on body weight of birds fed both filtrate and CUS only during Week 1. There was a synergistic decrease in body weight of birds fed homogenate and CUS during Week 2. Overall feed conversion efficiency was significantly decreased in the homogenate treatment (P = .04) and decreased in the birds fed CUS (P = .1). There was a (4.2 vs 2.3) (P = .1) decrease in feed conversion efficiency in birds fed both homogenate and CUS. Natural exposure to low levels of the infectious agent present in the homogenates may interact with excess dietary CUS, resulting in increased proventriculus size and decrease in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP Bayyari, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY PROD & PROD SAFETY RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1961 EP 1969 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TR044 UT WOS:A1995TR04400005 PM 8825586 ER PT J AU Dickens, JA Lyon, CE AF Dickens, JA Lyon, CE TI The effects of electric stimulation and extended chilling times on the biochemical reactions and texture of cooked broiler breast meat SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pH; R value; electric stimulation; shear; chilling ID TENDERNESS; MUSCLES AB Electric stimulation has been shown to affect functional and biochemical properties of the Pectoralis major muscle. In this study the effects of stimulating broilers with a pulsed electric current of 200 V alternating current (VAC) 2 s on, 1 s off, during exsanguination on biochemical reactions and objective texture of the meat deboned after 1, 2, or 3 h in the chiller were determined. Broilers (three replications, 18 birds per replication) were either stunned (50 VAC, 10 s) simulating commercial conditions, or stunned and stimulated during exsanguination, processed, and placed in 1 C ice baths. Carcasses were removed after 1, 2 or 3 h and the P. major excised. The R value and pH samples were taken and the deboned muscles were vacuum-bagged and held overnight at 2 C prior to cooking in 85 C water for 30 min. Shear values were determined using a Warner-Bratzler shear. Stimulation and static chilling for 2 and 3 h resulted in significantly higher R values and lower shear values than stunning and static chilling. The largest difference in shear values was noted after the 2 h chill; 7.12 kg for the stunned vs 3.42 kg for the stimulated group. RP Dickens, JA (reprint author), USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 74 IS 12 BP 2035 EP 2040 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TR044 UT WOS:A1995TR04400014 ER PT J AU Russell, SM Fletcher, DL Cox, NA AF Russell, SM Fletcher, DL Cox, NA TI Spoilage bacteria of fresh broiler chicken carcasses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler carcasses; spoilage bacteria; Shewanella putrefaciens; Pseudomonas fluorescens; off-odors AB Studies were conducted to identify the bacteria responsible for spoilage of fresh broiler chicken carcasses and to characterize the off-odors these bacteria produce. Broiler carcasses were collected from processing plants in the northeast Georgia area, the southeastern U.S., Arkansas, California, and North Carolina. The carcasses were allowed to spoil under controlled conditions at 3 C and spoilage bacteria were isolated. Each spoilage bacterium was separately inoculated into a sterile chicken skin medium, incubated at 25 C for 48 h, and subjectively evaluated for odor. The bacteria isolated from spoiled carcasses that consistently produced off-odors in the chicken skin medium, regardless of the geographical location from which the chickens were obtained, were Shewanella putrefaciens A, B, and D, Pseudomonas fluorescens A, B, and D, and Pseudomonas fragi. These bacteria produced off-odors that resembled ''sulfur'' ''dishrag'', ''ammonia'', ''wet dog'', ''skunk'', ''dirty socks'', ''rancid fish'', ''unspecified bad odor'', or a sweet smell resembling ''canned corn''. Odors produced by the spoilage bacteria were varied; however, odors most associated with spoiled poultry, such as ''dishraggy'' odors, were produced by the bacteria that were most consistently isolated, such as S. putrefaciens and the pseudomonads. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. RP Russell, SM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 15 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 74 IS 12 BP 2041 EP 2047 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TR044 UT WOS:A1995TR04400015 PM 8825595 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Vanderpool, RA Korynta, E AF Finley, JW Vanderpool, RA Korynta, E TI Use of stable isotopic selenium as a tracer to follow incorporation of selenium into selenoproteins SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; PURIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; ABSORPTION; HUMANS; ADULTS; SE-76; RATS AB Stable isotopes of selenium (Se) have been used in human studies to measure Se absorption, retention and excretion, The purpose of this study was to examine whether stable Se could also be used to follow the incorporation of Se into selenoproteins and whether selenoproteins are labeled with stable isotopes the same way they are with radioactive Se, Rats fed either a Se-deficient or a high-Se diet were injected with either a radioactive (Se-75) or a stable isotope of Se (Se-77), and the liver cytosol was chromatographed on Sephadex G-200, Compared with Se-75, a greater percentage of Se-77 was incorporated into cytosol, but the distribution and the effect of dietary Se was similar for both isotopes, New Zealand long-eared rabbits were also injected with either Se-77 or Se-75, and the plasma was chromatographed. More of the Se-75 was incorporated into the plasma, but again the patterns of incorporation were similar for both isotopes, Plasma from a male subject who ingested 60 mu g of Se-77 was chromatographed, and the stable Se was detected in column fractions and showed a distribution similar to that observed for rabbit plasma, Finally, a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method was developed that allowed loading of sufficient protein to analyze for Se-77 in individual protein fractions, The distribution of Se-77 and Se-75 in rabbit plasma was similar, Human plasma was electrophoresed by a similar method and peaks of 56 and 23 kDa were detected, These data show that stable isotopes of Se can be used for selenoprotein production in the same way as radioactive isotopes, They also show that, when physiological amounts of stable Se are ingested by humans, the isotope can be detected In blood-borne proteins separated by column chromatography and PAGE. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 210 IS 3 BP 270 EP 277 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA TM881 UT WOS:A1995TM88100011 PM 8539266 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD Graney, RL Cryer, S Eadsforth, C Klein, AW Racke, KD AF Wauchope, RD Graney, RL Cryer, S Eadsforth, C Klein, AW Racke, KD TI Pesticides report .34. Pesticide runoff: Methods and interpretation of field studies SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTIONS; RAINFALL SIMULATION; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; MEMBRANE APPROACH; WATER-QUALITY; PERSISTENCE; LOSSES; MODEL; SOIL; GROUNDWATER AB The objectives, design and interpretation of experimental measurements of pesticide losses in rainfall induced runoff from the surfaces of agricultural fields are reviewed. Microplot- and Mesoplot-scale experiments, which use artificial rainfall, and field- and watershed-scale experiments, which use natural rainfall, provide different but complementary information. The smaller-scale experiments are more controlled, replicable and easier to undertake but cannot represent those processes which vary over larger scales; thus they may not be representative of many real situations. Larger-scale field and watershed monitoring experiments provide realistic runoff concentrations, but they are more difficult and expensive. Because rainfall is uncontrolled, they are likely to provide unrepresentative data which are difficult to interpret and to extrapolate to other field and weather scenarios. A risk-of-runoff assessment of a pesticide may require information from a combination of these tests, together with the use of computer simulation modeling to integrate the results. C1 BAYER AGR DIV,STILWELL,KS. DOWELANCO CORP,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. SHELL RES LTD,SITTINGBOURNE,KENT,ENGLAND. UMWELTBUNDESAMT,BERLIN,GERMANY. USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 100 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 67 IS 12 BP 2089 EP 2108 DI 10.1351/pac199567122089 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TQ429 UT WOS:A1995TQ42900015 ER PT J AU Cohen, SZ Wauchope, RD Klein, AW Eadsforth, CV Graney, R AF Cohen, SZ Wauchope, RD Klein, AW Eadsforth, CV Graney, R TI Pesticides report .35. Offsite transport of pesticides in water: Mathematical models of pesticide leaching and runoff SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SURFACE WATERS; EROSION PREDICTION; SIMULATION-MODEL; UNSATURATED ZONE; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; PERSISTENCE; IMPACT; GLEAMS; CONTAMINATION AB The process of modeling the leaching and runoff of pesticides is simple in concept but complex in execution. Models are physical, conceptual, or mathematical representations of reality. Screening-level models are all appropriate first step for examining pesticide leachate and runoff potential, as long as conservative input assumptions are used. They may consist of comparisons of certain mobility and persistence properties with numerical criteria, or they may require pencil, paper, and a hand calculator. At a higher level of sophistication, a wide variety of computer models are available that can quantitatively simulate pesticide leaching and runoff in the aqueous phase. It is important to pick ii model that has been validated in more than one study, has good user support, requires an amount of data input appropriate for the application, and has a history of producing results acceptable to scientists slid regulatory authorities. Considering these various criteria for acceptability, EPA's PRZM2 model and tile German modification, PELMO, would be appropriate for evaluating leaching potential. The GLEAMS, LEACHM, and CALF models are also scientifically acceptable, but have not been as widely used. Tile GLEAMS model is appropriate for quantifying runoff potential in simple, field-scale drainage patterns. The more complex SWRRBWQ model is more appropriate for watershed-scale assessments. The most appropriate use of these computer simulation models is to rank the contamination potential of a particular pesticide at several sites or rank several pesticides at one site. Another excellent application of these models is to calibrate them to fit the results of an intensive field study at one site, and extrapolate to other points ill time and space for the same pesticide. One should always recognize the variability ill natural processes and field conditions, and use probabilistic (stochastic) analysis whenever possible. More model validation and calibration is needed in tropical climates and in special situations such as turf, Forests and orchards. C1 USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. UMWELTBUNDESAMT,BERLIN,GERMANY. SHELL RES LTD,SITTINGBOURNE,KENT,ENGLAND. MILES BAYER INC,STILWELL,KS. RP Cohen, SZ (reprint author), ENVIRONM & TURF SERV INC,WHEATON,MD, USA. NR 112 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 67 IS 12 BP 2109 EP 2148 DI 10.1351/pac199567122109 PG 40 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TQ429 UT WOS:A1995TQ42900016 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Cavazos, I Noriega, JR Davis, MR AF Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Cavazos, I Noriega, JR Davis, MR TI A three-camera multispectral digital video imaging system SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB This article describes a multispectral digital video imaging system for remote sensing research. The system is comprised of three charge coupled device (CCD) analog video cameras, a computer equipped with an image digitizing board, a color encoder, and super (S)-VHS portable recorder. The cameras are visible/near-infrared (NIR) (0.4-1.1 mu m) light sensitive. Two of the cameras are equipped with visible yellow-green (YG, 0.555-0.565 mu m) and red (R, 0.625-0.635 mu m) filters, respectively, while the third camera has a NIR (0.845-0.857 mu m) filter. The computer is a 486-DX50 system that has an RCB image grabbing board (640 x 480 pixel resolution). The NIR, R, and YG image signals from the cameras are subjected to RGB inputs of the computer digitizing board, thus giving a color-infrared (CIR) composite digital image similar in color tonal rendition to that of CIR film. The hard disk can store 1000 CIR composite images. In addition, the cameras' signals are also subjected to a color encoder that provides an analog CIR composite which is stored on the S-VHS recorder. The analog CIR imagery recording serves as a back-up in the event the computer malfunctions. A global positioning system (GPS) is also integrated with the imagery. The system provides high quality digital video imagery that is superior in resolution to analog video imagery. Image examples are given demonstrating its application to natural resource assessment. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 14 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 54 IS 3 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00169-7 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TN587 UT WOS:A1995TN58700015 ER PT J AU Osborne, CG McElvaine, MD Ahl, AS Glosser, JW AF Osborne, CG McElvaine, MD Ahl, AS Glosser, JW TI Risk analysis systems for veterinary biologicals: A regulator's tool box SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Risk Assessment for Veterinary Biologicals - The Step in International Harmonisation CY DEC 05-07, 1994 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Off Int Epizooties DE fault tree analysis; generic process; risk analysis Scenario tree analysis AB Recent advances in biology and technology have significantly improved our ability to produce veterinary biologicals of high purity, efficacy and safety virtually anywhere in the world. At the same time, increasing trade and comprehensive trade agreements such as the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT: now the World Trade Organisation [WTO]), have put pressure on governments to use scientific principles in the regulation of trade for a wide range of products, including veterinary biologicals. In many cases, however, nations have been reluctant to allow the movement of veterinary biologicals, due to the perceived threat of importing an exotic disease. This paper discusses the history of risk analysis as a decision support tool and provides examples of how this tool may be used in a science-based regulatory system for veterinary biologicals. A wide variety of tools are described, including qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative methods, most with a long history of rise in engineering and the health and environmental sciences. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,MASSILLON,OH 44646. RP Osborne, CG (reprint author), WEINBERG GRP INC,1220 19TH ST NW,SUITE 300,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 925 EP 935 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TQ147 UT WOS:A1995TQ14700003 PM 8639961 ER PT J AU Metcalf, HE McElvaine, MD AF Metcalf, HE McElvaine, MD TI Risk of introducing exotic disease through importation of animals and animal products SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Risk Assessment for Veterinary Biologicals - The Step in International Harmonisation CY DEC 05-07, 1994 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Off Int Epizooties DE bluetongue; foot and mouth disease; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; North America; North American Free Trade Agreement; rinderpest; Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act; South America AB Between 1870 and 1929, nine separate outbreaks of foot and mouth disease (FMD) occurred in the United States of America (USA); additional outbreaks in North America include one in Mexico (1947) and Two in Canada (1870 and 1952). In 1930, the United States Congress enacted a law prohibiting importation of live ruminants or swine or fresh meat from these species into the USA from countries affected with FMD or rinderpest. Although the effect of this prohibition may be debated, the USA has remained free of FMD since its enactment. A hidden benefit of this prohibition was probably the limitation on importing other disease agents from countries of the world where FMD was present. As many regions of the world make progress towards the control and eradication of FMD, North America must fake greater cognizance of other disease agents with which it has not been concerned to date, as these existed only in regions of the world affected with FMD and/or rinderpest. One of the methods of dealing with these other diseases is by using risk assessment and risk management methodologies. For risk assessment to work however, the available management technologies must be examined, and levels of risk assigned to match the available technology. The authors explore risk analysis options for the importation of animals and animal products in a manner which will continue to protect the livestock industry in the USA. They also examine the role of veterinary biologicals as a management tool to mitigate the attendant risks. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,POLICY & PROGRAM DEV,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. RP Metcalf, HE (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,4700 RIVER RD,UNIT 38,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 951 EP 956 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TQ147 UT WOS:A1995TQ14700005 PM 8639963 ER PT J AU Roth, HJ Gay, CG Espeseth, DA AF Roth, HJ Gay, CG Espeseth, DA TI Risk analysis for the importation of veterinary biologicals into the United States of America SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Risk Assessment for Veterinary Biologicals - The Step in International Harmonisation CY DEC 05-07, 1994 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Off Int Epizooties DE foreign animal disease; importation; risk analysis; risk assessment; United States of America; veterinary biologicals AB International trade in veterinary biological products has been restricted by the following factors: a) concerns that contaminated products could result in the introduction of foreign animal disease agents into the importing country b) differences between countries in the technical requirements for product registration. The provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT: now the World Trade Organisation [WTO]) require importation decisions to be science-based and transparent. This requires regulatory agencies to implement valid, credible, and science-based risk analysis models for decision-making. The Veterinary Biologics section of the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, currently uses a formalized risk analysis model to evaluate the safety risks associated with proposals to field test and license new and biotechnology-derived veterinary biological products. This model for evaluating field tests has been modified to evaluate proposals to import veterinary biological products into the United Stares of America. The authors describe this risk analysis model, which was specifically designed to evaluate the risks of importing veterinary biological products potentially contaminated with foreign animal disease agents. C1 PFIZER INC,ANIM HLTH,LINCOLN,NE 68521. RP Roth, HJ (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,4700 RIVER RD UNIT 148,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1061 EP 1072 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TQ147 UT WOS:A1995TQ14700013 PM 8639946 ER PT J AU Pooler, MR Scorza, R AF Pooler, MR Scorza, R TI Aberrant transmission of RAPD markers in haploids, doubled haploids, and F-1 hybrids of peach: Observations and speculation on causes SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE bud sport; Prunus persica; randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; stone fruit ID POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS; INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS; GENOME; WHEAT; PCR AB Genetic analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers can be complicated by the sensitivity of the RAPD-PCR procedure and the dominant nature of the markers. Using a unique system of six doubled haploid peach parents and their seven resulting F-1 hybrid populations, we found that 18% of the 50 scorable bands from 25 primers did not follow expected inheritance patterns. Bands present in parents were not transmitted to the progeny, or non-parental bands appeared in the progeny. Differences in RAPD patterns were also observed between haploids and spontaneous diploid bud sports on the same tree. Because peach is a long-lived clonally propagated crop, it is possible that somatic rearrangements occur which would lead to this unexpected inheritance of RAPD markers. Such anomalous patterns indicate that RAPD markers should be used cautiously in peach mapping and genetic diversity studies. C1 AGR RES SERV,USDA,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 64 IS 4 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(95)00846-2 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TW008 UT WOS:A1995TW00800002 ER PT J AU Vigil, EL Fang, TK AF Vigil, EL Fang, TK TI Protease activities and elongation growth of excised cotton seed axes during the first 24 hours of imbibition SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cotton; axes; storage protein; peptidases; in vitro germination; SDS-PAGE ID GERMINATING PEA SEED; VIGNA-MUNGO SEEDS; STORAGE PROTEINS; DEVELOPMENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY; COTYLEDONS; AXIS; ENDOPEPTIDASE; PURIFICATION; EMBRYOGENESIS; PROTEOLYSIS AB Excised axes from cotton (Gossypivm hirsutum L. cv. M-8, a double haploid) were imbibed in vitro for 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h. Data for length, fresh and dry weight and percentage water showed that excised axes undergo a triphasic pattern of growth: an initial burst, a short lag phase and then protracted rapid growth. Analysis of protein content with SDS-PAGE, and of activities of amino-, carboxy- and endopeptidases provided data indicating a direct correlation between major axis elongation growth between 12 and 24 h and enzymatic breakdown of storage proteins (especially those of 48 kDa) by carboxy- and endopeptidase. Data for axes imbibed at 30 degrees C and 0-5 degrees C for 12, 18 and 24 h indicated that a reduction in length and percentage moisture in the cold occurred in parallel with reductions in carboxy- and endopeptidase activities but not in aminopeptidase activity. The tentative conclusion is that carboxy- and endopeptidase are probably synthesized de novo in the axis during imbibition and are important in initial breakdown of storage proteins for axial elongation growth. RP Vigil, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BARC W,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,B-046A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Deed Sci. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TQ471 UT WOS:A1995TQ47100004 ER PT J AU Burkhead, KD Schisler, DA Slininger, PJ AF Burkhead, KD Schisler, DA Slininger, PJ TI Bioautography shows antibiotic production by soil bacterial isolates antagonistic to fungal dry rot of potatoes SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS 2-79; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; THIABENDAZOLE; CEPACIA; TUBERS; RESISTANCE AB Twenty bacterial antagonists of postharvest dry rot of potatoes (caused by Fusarium sambucinum) were screened for the production of antibiotics by bioautography. Samples of liquid cultures of bacterial strains harvested at three growth times and extracted with three solvents at three pHs were used to directly detect antibiotics inhibitory to F. sambucinum grown on the surface of thin-layer chromatography plates. All of the bacterial isolates tested produced one or more antifungal compounds. Knowledge of the role of the antibiotics in biological control mechanisms is expected to influence the design of successful methods of mass production and formulation of these bacterial strains as biocontrol agents. RP Burkhead, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1611 EP 1616 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(95)00095-V PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TK723 UT WOS:A1995TK72300012 ER PT J AU Rogers, JS Selim, HM Fouss, JL AF Rogers, JS Selim, HM Fouss, JL TI Comparison of drainage under steady rainfall versus falling water table conditions SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL; FLOW AB Numerical solutions of Richards' equation were used to compare the steady state rainfall ease to the falling water table ease of water flow to shallow drains in a uniform sand profile and in a layered silt loam soil. Equipotentials, streamlines, and velocity distributions were calculated. For saturated flow the velocity near the drain was 200 to 250 times the velocity near the midpoint between drains, and the drain outflow rate was less than 10% of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil profile. For a given drain flow rate the steady rainfall case always showed greater flow from areas further removed from the drain than did the falling water table ease. Flow in the capillary fringe above the water table was generally more horizontal for the falling water table case than for the steady rainfall case. Flow in the zone above the capillary fringe tended to be more vertical. With shallow drains, and especially in clay and silty clay soils, the capillary fringe may extend to near the soil surface so that most of the flow above the water table may have a significant horizontal component. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,AGR RES CTR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP Rogers, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 160 IS 6 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1097/00010694-199512000-00002 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TM506 UT WOS:A1995TM50600002 ER PT J AU Anderson, MA Graham, RC Alyanakian, GJ Martynn, DZ AF Anderson, MA Graham, RC Alyanakian, GJ Martynn, DZ TI Late summer water status of soils and weathered bedrock in a giant sequoia grove SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; FOREST AB The natural occurrence of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) is restricted to a mid-elevation zone on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, California, where summer rainfall is negligible. This study measured the late summer water status of regolith (soil + weathered bedrock) profiles in the Packsaddle Grove on the Sequoia National Forest to assess the distribution of available water by geomorphic position at the end of the dry season. Soil and weathered granitic bedrock samples were collected by auger during September 7-12, 1993, at 30-cm intervals to a depth of 270 cm on triplicated sideslope, swale, and drainage positions for both giant sequoia and non-sequoia microsites throughout the grove. The samples were stored in air-tight cans and were used for water potential and water content determinations in the laboratory. Soil and weathered bedrock water potentials ranged from 0 to -2.1 MPa, generally increasing (becoming less negative; indicating moister conditions) with depth and in drainage positions. No consistent differences between water potentials under the two vegetation types were apparent for any of the landscape positions. The Cr (weathered bedrock) horizons held a substantial quantity of plant-available water. A representative 270-cm thick profile consisting of 90 cm of soil uuderlain by 180 cm of weathered bedrock Is calculated to hold about 44 cm of plant-available water at field capacity, 27 cm of which is stored within the weathered bedrock, Assuming 35% runoff losses, it is estimated that annual precipitation of <68 cm may fail to fully recharge the regolith profile on upland (non-drainage) sites and result in late season water stress. Such conditions of low precipitation have existed in 3 of the past 10 years. Giant sequoia growing in drainages receive additional water from runoff and throughflow; thus they are less likely to experience water stress. C1 US FOREST SERV,SEQUOIA NATL FOREST,PORTERVILLE,CA 93257. RP Anderson, MA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 160 IS 6 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1097/00010694-199512000-00007 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TM506 UT WOS:A1995TM50600007 ER PT J AU Fincher, GT Hunter, JS Avirett, KW Petersen, HD AF Fincher, GT Hunter, JS Avirett, KW Petersen, HD TI Survival of horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) according to time of dung deposition by cattle SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TEXAS PASTURE; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; FLY; COLEOPTERA; POPULATION; SUCCESSION; MORTALITY; INSECTS; BEETLES; MANURE AB Cowpats were flagged after deposition on pasture at 0500, 1100, 1700, and 2300 h and exposed to natural enemies for 6 h or 6 d. Sixty-one percent of horn flies emerging from pats exposed for 6 h emerged from cowpats dropped at 2300 h and exposed between 2300 and 0500 h when little or no flight activity by natural enemies occurred. Fifteen percent of the horn flies trapped from cowpats exposed 6 h emerged from pats dropped at 0500 h, 14% from pats dropped at 1100 h, and 10% from pats deposited at 1700 h. From cowpats exposed to natural enemies for 6 d, 52% of the horn flies emerged from pats deposited at 2300 h, 23% from pats dropped at 0500 h, 17% from 1100 h deposits, and 8% from 1700 h deposits. Mean numbers of dung beetles, predator beetles, and flies other than horn flies obtained from cowpats after both periods of exposure are discussed. RP Fincher, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 413 EP 421 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT470 UT WOS:A1995TT47000003 ER PT J AU Fincher, GT AF Fincher, GT TI Predation on the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) by Hister bruchi SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TEXAS; COLEOPTERA AB Hister bruchi Lewis, a histerid species from Argentina, was evaluated in the laboratory to determine its potential as a biological control agent for immature stages of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). When immature stages of the horn fly were exposed to varying numbers (one - five) of adult beetles, horn fly population reductions were significantly greater at all levels compared with controls. However, increasing the predator-prey ratio greater than 1:50 had no significant effect on numbers of prey consumed by the beetles. This South American predator was more effective on the larval-pupal stages of the horn fly than on the egg stage. RP Fincher, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT470 UT WOS:A1995TT47000004 ER PT J AU Natwick, ET Chu, CC Perkins, HH Henneberry, TJ Cohen, AC AF Natwick, ET Chu, CC Perkins, HH Henneberry, TJ Cohen, AC TI Pima and upland cotton susceptibility to Bemisia argentifolii under desert conditions SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TABACI AB Selected cultivars and breeding lines of Pima cotton, Gossypium barbadense L., and Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., were evaluated for susceptibility to Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring under the desert growing conditions in Imperial Valley, C.A, in 1990 and 1991. Results in three of four experiments showed that Pima cottons had higher whitefly populations than Upland cottons studied. Within each cotton species, whitefly populations on the different cultivars and breeding lines were not significantly different. Pima cotton, in general, yielded less than Upland cotton. Lower lint yields in 1991 than in 1990, for the same cottons grown in each year, were associated with higher whitefly populations. None of the cottons tested showed resistance to B. Argentifolii of economic significance Results emphasize the need to identify resistance mechanisms and initiate breeding programs to incorporate resistance into acceptable agronomic cottons. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,BRAWLEY,CA 92227. USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC 29633. RP Natwick, ET (reprint author), UNIV CALIF COOPERAT EXTENS,HOLTVILLE,CA 92250, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 429 EP 438 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT470 UT WOS:A1995TT47000005 ER PT J AU Leggett, JE Antilla, L Elhoff, LK AF Leggett, JE Antilla, L Elhoff, LK TI Effectiveness of edge and late season full field treatments in reducing silverleaf whiteflies, (Bemisia: Argentifolii) Bellows and Perring, Aleyrodidae in central Arizona cotton fields SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB A mist blower was used to apply insecticide to 5, 10, or 15 rows along the edges of six cotton fields with two replicate plots of each treatment per field in central Arizona. Whitefly adults, eggs, and nymphs were counted on leaves from rows 1, 10, 20, and 30, and sticky yellow cards were placed on the soil surface at the edge of fields or between the first and second rows of cotton. Percentage reductions in whitefly adults on the first row at field edges were 82, 72, and 75%, respectively, in plots having 5, 10, or 15 treated rows. Percentage reductions in eggs on the first row were 68, 78, and 80, respectively, for the three treatments. There were no significant differences in overall means for the three treatment distances, and there were no reductions in whitefly numbers at sample rows 20 and 30, indicating that mist blower treatments did not have an effect beyond the rows treated. Numbers of adults captured on sticky yellow cards in treated and untreated plots were not significantly different, and correlation of yellow card counts verses leaf counts also were low (range = 0.02 to 0.71), indicating that sticky yellow card counts should not be used for treatment decisions. C1 BOLL WEEVIL ERADICAT GRP,TEMPE,AZ 85282. RP Leggett, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 453 EP 460 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT470 UT WOS:A1995TT47000008 ER PT J AU Summy, KR MoralesRamos, JA King, EG Greenberg, SM Rankin, MA Hansen, LG Moomaw, C AF Summy, KR MoralesRamos, JA King, EG Greenberg, SM Rankin, MA Hansen, LG Moomaw, C TI Rationale and potential for augmentative biological control of boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on fallow-season cotton in southern Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; ARTHROPOD PARASITES; UNITED-STATES; PTEROMALIDAE AB Research was conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas to evaluate the technical feasibility of natural enemy augmentation as a means of suppressing infestations of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in stands of undestroyed cotton during the postharvest fallow season. Augmentative releases of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) and Bracon mellitor (Say) at relatively high rates within a 0.1-ha experimental plot (similar to 4,000 and similar to 2,000 mated female parasites/ha/wk, respectively, during 22 Sept - 6 Oct 1993) was accompanied by a significant increase in densities of the former and a slight increase in the latter (to peaks of 14.0 and 0.4 immature parasites/m(2) by 6 October). Parasitism by C. grandis was largely concentrated among third-stage weevil larvae infesting abcised cotton squares, but caused appreciable mortality within this segment of the host infestation (90.6% apparent). The relatively high incidence of host mortality caused by parasitism within this infestation served to destroy significant numbers of immature boll weevils that appear to have been predisposed to successfully overwinter. RP Summy, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 483 EP 491 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT470 UT WOS:A1995TT47000011 ER PT J AU Lockley, TC AF Lockley, TC TI Effect of imported fire ant predation on a population of the least tern - An endangered species SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article RP Lockley, TC (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,PPQ,IMPORTED FIRE ANT LAB,3505-25TH AVE,GULFPORT,MS 39501, USA. NR 2 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 517 EP 519 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT470 UT WOS:A1995TT47000015 ER PT J AU Johnston, CE AF Johnston, CE TI Spawning behavior of the paleback darter, Etheostoma pallididorsum, (Percidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; FISHES RP US FOREST SERV, FOREST HYDROL LAB, OXFORD, MS 38655 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 40 IS 4 BP 422 EP 425 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UE708 UT WOS:A1995UE70800015 ER PT J AU RAMASWAMY, GN CRAFT, S WARTELLE, L AF RAMASWAMY, GN CRAFT, S WARTELLE, L TI UNIFORMITY AND SOFTNESS OF KENAF FIBERS FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB To incorporate kenaf fibers into textiles, it is important to establish uniformity of fibers extracted from the base to the tip of the plant. East fiber quality depends on both physical (crystallinity, crystallite size, and orientation) and chemical (lignin, gum, and hemicellulose) properties. Therefore, the first objective is to determine fiber uniformity, evaluating the effect of processing on tenacity, elongation, crystallinity, crystallite size, and chemical composition of fibers extracted from base to tip of the stalk. Second, to make fibers spinnable, the effect of various softeners is evaluated. Decorticated kenaf stems (variety E41) have been retted chemically and bacterially to extract fibers. Fiber bundle strength ranges from 22-30 g/tex. Gum content decreases from 20-10% with the initial chemical processing; later degumming does not reduce gum levels. Initial gum removal increases crystallinity by 3-5% and crystallite size by 20-25%. Physical and chemical properties of kenaf fibers are uniform along the whole length of the native stalks. Alkali treatment with 1% NaOH is not sufficient to impart noticeable stretch. Enzyme and degumming treatments weaken the fibers significantly (30-45%). The commercial softener makes fibers too sticky, and they stick to the carding equipment. Bending rigidity and hysteresis (recovery after repeated bending) do not significantly improve for the softened fibers. Degummed fibers are the strongest, most pliable, with least hysteresis and lowest residual gum content, and are spinnable. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP RAMASWAMY, GN (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT HOME ECON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 65 IS 12 BP 765 EP 770 DI 10.1177/004051759506501210 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA TH320 UT WOS:A1995TH32000010 ER PT J AU Hagstrom, JN Bovill, EG Soll, RF Davidson, KW Sadowski, JA AF Hagstrom, JN Bovill, EG Soll, RF Davidson, KW Sadowski, JA TI The pharmacokinetics and lipoprotein fraction distribution of intramuscular vs oral vitamin K-1 supplementation in women of childbearing age: Effects on hemostasis SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article ID K DEFICIENCY; INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; PLACENTAL-TRANSFER; NEWBORN-INFANT; PIVKA-II; PROTHROMBIN; TRANSPORT; NEONATE; BLOOD AB Prenatal maternal vitamin K-1 supplementation to improve the hemostatic status of the fetus may depend upon the route of administration and subsequent presentation at the placental barrier. We investigated intramuscular (IM) vs oral (PO) vitamin K-1 supplementation in eight healthy, nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Pharmacokinetics were studied in each subject after a 5 mg IM dose and after a 5 mg oral dose of vitamin K-1 approximately one month later. Plasma collected at the peak vitamin K level for each treatment was separated into very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein-free fractions by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Vitamin K-1 was measured in the plasma and lipoprotein fractions using HPLC. The concentration of vitamin K-1 in plasma reached a peak 2 h after an IM dose and remained high throughout the 30 h course of the study. In contrast, the oral dose of vitamin K-1 peaked at 4 h and rapidly decreased to near baseline by 18 to 30 h. The distribution of vitamin K-1 in the lipid fractions was different for lM compared to PO. The percentage of vitamin K-1 in the VLDL fraction at the peak for an oral dose was significantly higher than for an IM dose (80.8% +/- 3.5 vs 10.8% +/- 6.5, p <0.0001). After the oral absorption stage, the subjects took 5 mg of vitamin K-1 orally, once a day, for 12 days. No significant differences were observed for the following coagulation proteins and hemostatic markers measured immediately before and after long-term oral vitamin K supplementation: factor II, factor VII, protein C, and thrombin-antithrombin III complex. In conclusion, physiological processing of supplemented vitamin K-1 differs in the IM vs PO routes of administration and 12 days of oral vitamin K-1 does not alter the concentration of selected vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins or thrombin-antithrombin complex generation. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT PATHOL,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. UNIV VERMONT,DEPT PEDIAT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR109]; PHS HHS [R01 523225] NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1486 EP 1490 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA TN924 UT WOS:A1995TN92400019 PM 8772225 ER PT J AU STUBER, CW AF STUBER, CW TI MAPPING AND MANIPULATING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN MAIZE SO TRENDS IN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARKER-FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; ZEA-MAYS-L; MOLECULAR MARKERS; FREQUENCY CHANGES; GRAIN-YIELD; LOCI; SELECTION; SORGHUM; IDENTIFICATION; IMPROVEMENT AB Maize has been used effectively as a model organism in the development and evaluation of molecular markers for the identification, mapping and manipulation of major genes affecting the expression of quantitative traits in plants. Although quantitative geneticists have recognized the possibility of major loci, the general dogma had emerged that quantitative traits were controlled by many loci, each with a small effect. This interpretation sent a signal to the molecular biologist not to bother with quantitative traits because it would be essentially impossible to isolate a gene responsible for the trait. Recent results from numerous mapping studies have shown that quantitative traits are controlled by, at least some, factors with major effects, and have given credibility to the conclusion that major loci exist and that one might be able to study them. Positive results from marker-facilitated selection and introgression studies have further strengthened this conclusion. RP STUBER, CW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 46 TC 68 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0168-9525 J9 TRENDS GENET JI Trends Genet. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 11 IS 12 BP 477 EP 481 DI 10.1016/S0168-9525(00)89156-8 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TH108 UT WOS:A1995TH10800004 PM 8533163 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL AF VIGO, TL TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COTTON TO MINIMIZE UNDESIRABLE ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS SO TRENDS IN POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Review AB This review describes recent developments and advances for the processing of cotton fabrics to minimize undesirable environmental effects with regard to safety and, especially, effluents. Approaches taken include alternative chemical treatments in preparatory, dyeing and finishing processes, environmentally friendly improvements at all stages of wet processing, and alternative physical and biological methods of processing. Alternative physical methods focus on surface modification by exposure to high-energy sources and the use of ultrasound to facilitate wet-processing methods. Alternative biological methods involve genetic manipulation and the application of enzymes as alternatives to chemicals in wet processing. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-4793 J9 TRENDS POLYM SCI JI Trends Polym. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 3 IS 12 BP 407 EP 412 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TJ152 UT WOS:A1995TJ15200005 ER PT J AU COPELAN, JJ LAMB, SA AF COPELAN, JJ LAMB, SA TI DISASTER LAW AND HURRICANE-ANDREW - GOVERNMENT LAWYERS LEADING THE WAY TO RECOVERY SO URBAN LAWYER LA English DT Article C1 USDA,OFF JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN,HEADQUARTERS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER BAR ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 750 N LAKE SHORE DR ATTN:ORDER FULFILLMENT, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0042-0905 J9 URBAN LAWYER JI Urban Lawyer PD WIN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Law; Urban Studies SC Government & Law; Urban Studies GA QK067 UT WOS:A1995QK06700003 ER PT J AU Cole, DM Koch, P AF Cole, DM Koch, P TI Managing lodgepole pine to yield merchantable thinning products and attain sawtimber rotations SO USDA FOREST SERVICE INTERMOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE Pinus contorta; thinning; roundwood; spacing; posts; rotations; fire hazard; mountain pine beetle hazard ID CHEMICAL VARIATION; STEMS AB This paper suggests solutions for a longstanding problem in managing lodgepole pine forests-that of managing individual stands to reach their planned rotation age, despite serious hazard from bark beetles and wildfire. The management regimes presented yield merchantable thinning products. The 80-year sawtimber rotation can be achieved using these management recommendations. Thinning at 30 years of age is central to achieving the recommended alternative management regimes. The authors suggest that agencies give roundwood operators a portion of the thinning stemwood as payment. Management regimes that provide attainable rotations are presented in summary tables, by three site index classes and a number of initial stand density classes. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,NO ROCKY MT SUBALPINE FOREST ECOSYST RES WORK UNI,BOZEMAN,MT. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU USDA FOR SERV INT EXP STA PI OGDEN PA 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 SN 0146-3551 J9 USDA FOR SERV INT R JI USDA For. Serv. Intermt. Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 1995 IS 482 BP 1 EP & PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA VD726 UT WOS:A1995VD72600001 ER PT J AU Jenkins, M Kerr, D Fayer, R Wall, R AF Jenkins, M Kerr, D Fayer, R Wall, R TI Serum and colostrum antibody responses induced by jet-injection of sheep with DNA encoding a Cryptosporidium parvum antigen SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; DNA; immunization; colostrum; serum; antigen ID HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; GENE-TRANSFER; PLASMID DNA; NUDE-MICE; SCID MICE; SPOROZOITES AB In an effort to generate high titer colostrum for immunotherapy of cryptosporidiosis, a study was conducted to test the efficacy of immunizing sheep with recombinant plasmid?icd DNA (pCMV-CP15/60) encoding epitopes of 15 and 60 kDa surface antigens of Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites. The plasmid DNA was used to immunize preparturient ewes at three dose levels by jet-injection into either hind limb muscle (IM) or mammary tissue (IMAM). Regardless of route of injection, a dose-dependent anti-CP15/60 immunoglobulin response was observed in sera and colostrum from sheep immunized with pCMV-CP15/60 plasmid DNA. High titer antibody responses were observed in one of three animals per group receiving an IM injection of 100 or 1000 mu g pCMV-CP15/60, IMAM immunization with 100 or 1000 mu g pCMV-CP15/60 plasmid DNA elicited higher titer colostrum responses and more consistent serum responses compared to IM injections. A negligible serum and colostrum anti-CP15/60 response was observed in ewes injected IM with 10 mu g pCMV-CP15/60 or 1000 mu g control plasmid DNA. Immunoblotting of native C, parvum sporozoitelocyst protein with hyperimmune serum and colostrum corroborated the increased titers against CP15/60 antigen. Serum and colostrum antibodies from pCMV-CP15/60-immunized sheep were eluted from native CP15 protein and bound a surface antigen of C. parvum sporozoites as indicated by indirect immunofluorescence staining. C1 ALTRABIO INC,ARDEN HILLS,MN 55126. USDA ARS,LPSI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Jenkins, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,LPSI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 47 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC PY 1995 VL 13 IS 17 BP 1658 EP 1664 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00121-G PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TL900 UT WOS:A1995TL90000005 PM 8719516 ER PT J AU Brogden, KA DeBey, B Audibert, F Lehmkuhl, H Chedid, L AF Brogden, KA DeBey, B Audibert, F Lehmkuhl, H Chedid, L TI Protection of ruminants by Pasteurella haemolytica A1 capsular polysaccharide vaccines containing muramyl dipeptide analogs SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Pasteurella haemolytica; pneumonic pasteurellosis; capsular polysaccharide; muramyl dipeptide; vaccine ID BOVINE PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; SERUM ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGENS; WHOLE-CELL; LIVE; VACCINATION; ADJUVANTS; CATTLE; LAMBS AB The capsular polysaccharide (CP) of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype Al is a poor immunogen for the prevention of pneumonic pasteurellosis of ruminants. To improve CP immunogenicity, vaccines were prepared with 1.0 mg CP dose(-1) with and without the synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (MDP; range 0.2-1.0 mg) or a lipophilic derivative, MDP-sn-glyceryl-dipalmitoyl (MDP-GDP; range 0.1-1.0 mg). The optimum effective concentration of adjuvant was first determined in lambs and calves and then the efficacy of CP+0.5 mg MDP and CP+1.0 mg MDP-GDP was compared with that of two commercial vaccines in calves. After immunization with CP, antibody titers in lambs and calves were typical of that seen with polysaccharide immunogens and characterized by an early IgM response followed by later IgG1 and IgG2 responses. CP + MDP or MDP-GDP vaccines induced significantly higher IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 titers. After transtracheal challenge of immunity with P. haemolytica serotype Al, extensive pulmonary consolidation containing P. haemolytica (10(6)-10(8) c.f.u. g(-1)) was seen in all lambs and calves vaccinated with CP alone and was Mot significantly different (P<0.05) from the consolidation and concentrations of organisms in nonvaccinated challenge controls. In lambs, vaccines containing 1.0 mg: CP+0.05 mg MDP or MDP-GDP significantly reduced pulmonary consolidation and concentrations of P. haemolytica in lung lesions. In calves, vaccines containing 0.2 mg MDP, 0.5 mg MDP, or 1.0 mg MDP-GDP also significantly reduced pulmonary consolidation and concentrations of P. haemolytica in lung lesions. Vaccines containing CP+0.5 mg MDP and CP+1.0 mg MDP-GDP induced high titer bactericidal antibodies by 7 days and were move efficacious than two commercial vaccines. Potentiation of CP with MDP or MDP-GDP has great promise in furthering the potential of CP as a vaccine immunogen for the prevention of pneumonic pasteurellosis. C1 UNIV CALIF TULARE,SCH VET MED,VET DIAGNOST LAB,TULARE,CA. SYN SA,VAC,F-75015 PARIS,FRANCE. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC PY 1995 VL 13 IS 17 BP 1677 EP 1684 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00109-E PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TL900 UT WOS:A1995TL90000008 PM 8719519 ER PT J AU Mansfield, LS Gamble, HR AF Mansfield, LS Gamble, HR TI Alveolar mastocytosis and eosinophilia in lambs with naturally acquired nematode infections of Protostrongylus rufescens and Haemonchus contortus SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC EWES; SHEEP; RESISTANCE AB Specific-pathogen-free Dorset and St. Croix lambs were placed on pasture contaminated with Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae and slugs carrying third stage larvae of Protostrongylus rufescens for an entire grazing season to evaluate breed differences in acquired resistance to these nematodes. Lambs were evaluated for clinical signs, clinical pathology and histopathologic lesions associated with these infections. Both breeds acquired natural infections with H. contortus and lungworm when allowed to graze contaminated pastures for 5 months during the summer and fall in central Maryland. Dorset sheep maintained heavy abomasal worm burdens of H. contortus throughout the grazing period when compared to St. Croix breed sheep. Seven of 12 Dorset sheep and three of 12 St. Croix sheep on pasture acquired heavy lungworm infections after at least 15 weeks of exposure, as evidenced by shedding of first stage larvae in feces and numerous subpleural lung lesions containing adult P. rufescens found at necropsy. All lungworm infected animals had mild respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, and two of five Dorset sheep with both infections had chronic anemia. All lungworm and H. contortus infected Dorset sheep had decreased numbers of circulating white blood eels. There was mastocytosis in the lungs of lungworm infected Dorset and St. Croix sheep when compared to age- and breed-matched control sheep prevented from acquiring both lungworm and trichostrongyle infections. No difference was noted in the number of mast cells in the abomasum, duodenum and skin of infected and non-infected Dorset sheep. A morphologic range of mast cell forms was observed in the lungs of infected sheep including transitional cells and globular leukocytes. The number of eosinophils was significantly greater in the lungs but not in the abomasum of infected sheep. Despite the pronounced cellular infiltrates surrounding the adult lungworms, they were viable on recovery and appeared undamaged when examined histologically. C1 USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Mansfield, LS (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,VET MED CTR A12,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. OI Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 49 IS 3 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(95)05466-9 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA TM702 UT WOS:A1995TM70200006 PM 8746699 ER PT J AU Kunkle, RA Steadham, EM Cheville, NF AF Kunkle, RA Steadham, EM Cheville, NF TI Morphometric analysis of CD4(+), CD8(+), and gamma/delta(+) T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes of cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strains RB51 and 19 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE T-lymphocytes; lymph node; morphometry; vaccination; Brucella abortus ID MUTANT STRAINS; RESPONSES AB T-lymphocyte subpopulations were examined in vivo by computer-assisted morphometry of superficial cervical lymph nodes of cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus. Twenty-four 8-month-old Hereford heifers were injected subcutaneously in the axillary area with 1 X 10(10) live B. abortus strain RB51 (SRB51, n = 12) or strain 19 (S19, n = 6) suspended in 2 mi of saline. Six control heifers were injected with sterile saline. Lymph nodes were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12 weeks postvaccination. Both SRB51 and S19 were cultured from lymph nodes, but SRB51 persisted for a longer period after vaccination (10 weeks) than S19 (6 weeks). Cryostat sections were incubated with monoclonal antibody to CD4 (IL-A11), CD8 (IL-A51), or gamma/delta (IL-A29) bovine T-cell surface antigen and processed for immunoperoxidase staining. Numbers of stained lymphocytes in randomly selected fields were calculated using image-analysis software. There were no significant differences in the number (P = 0.07) or relative proportions (P = 0.22) of CD4(+), CD8(+), and gamma/delta(+) lymphocytes in SRB51, S19, and control lymph nodes. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the three T-cell subsets (P = 0.001). The CD4(+) cells were most closely grouped and the gamma/delta(+) cells had the most widely scattered distribution, regardless of vaccination status. The results support other studies indicating lymphocyte depletion is not a sequela of infection with B. abortus vaccine strains given to conventionally reared cattle. RP Kunkle, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 49 IS 3 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(95)05464-2 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA TM702 UT WOS:A1995TM70200008 PM 8746701 ER PT J AU Rimler, RB Register, KB Magyar, T Ackermann, MR AF Rimler, RB Register, KB Magyar, T Ackermann, MR TI Influence of chondroitinase on indirect hemagglutination titers and phagocytosis of Pasteurella multocida serogroups A, D and F SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pasteurella multocida; serology; phagocytosis; capsule; chondroitinase ID NEUTROPHILS; RESISTANCE AB Capsules of Pasteurella multocida serogroups A, D and F contain mucopolysaccharides which block antigenic determinants and prevent phagocytosis. In this study, capsules of serogroup A, D and F strains of P. multocida were depolymerized by enzyme treatment. Capsule depolymerization of serogroup D and F strains with chondroitinase increased indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test titers and enhanced phagocytosis by swine neutrophils. Capsule depolymerization of serogoup A strains with hyaluronidase increased IHA titers, but depolymerization with chondroitinase did not. When serogroup A strains were treated with a combination of chondroitinase and hyaluronidase, IHA test titers were lower than titers of the same strains treated with hyaluronidase alone. Combined enzyme treatment of serogroup D strains resulted in IHA test titers similar to those of chondroitinase treatment alone. C1 HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,VET MED RES INST,H-1581 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RP Rimler, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,MWA,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Magyar, Tibor/E-8693-2012 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(95)00127-1 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA TK876 UT WOS:A1995TK87600009 PM 8748544 ER PT J AU MCCLUSKEY, BJ GREINER, EC DONOVAN, GA AF MCCLUSKEY, BJ GREINER, EC DONOVAN, GA TI PATTERNS OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYST SHEDDING IN CALVES AND A COMPARISON OF 2 DIAGNOSTIC METHODS SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP; CATTLE-PROTOZOA; DIAGNOSIS-PROTOZOA ID INFECTION; OUTBREAK; FECES AB Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst shedding was observed in calves from approximately 1 to 30 days of age. Oocysts were detected by either the Kinyoun acid-fast staining technique (microscopic examination-ME) or a commercially produced enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Test concordance between the two detection methods was determined. The mean (+/- SD) number of days to detection of cryptosporidial oocysts was 9.52+/-1.92 for the ME and 9.83 +/- 3.19 for the EIA. No significant difference between the means was found (P = 0.17). The period prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was 100% in calves from 1 to 30 days of age. The overall agreement between the ME and EIA was 72%, with a kappa value of 0.42 (SE +/- 0.05). McNemar's test indicated that the proportion of tests determined positive by the two methods was not equal (P < 0.01). The findings or this study indicate moderate agreement between the two diagnostic methods, with the EIA being the more sensitive of the two. However, in most cases the herd-level determination of cryptosporidiosis requires minimal sample sizes and is more economically and easily accomplished by the ME method of detection. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT INFECT DIS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA,APHIS,ENGLEWOOD,CO 80155. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(95)00790-4 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA TK271 UT WOS:A1995TK27100001 PM 8747901 ER PT J AU MAWASSI, M MIETKIEWSKA, E HILF, ME ASHOULIN, L KARASEV, AV GAFNY, R LEE, RF GARNSEY, SM DAWSON, WO BARJOSEPH, M AF MAWASSI, M MIETKIEWSKA, E HILF, ME ASHOULIN, L KARASEV, AV GAFNY, R LEE, RF GARNSEY, SM DAWSON, WO BARJOSEPH, M TI MULTIPLE SPECIES OF DEFECTIVE RNAS IN PLANTS INFECTED WITH CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CLOSTEROVIRUSES; STRAIN AB Alemow (Citrus macrophylla) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) plants infected, respectively, with several Israeli and Florida isolates of the citrus tristeza virus (CTV) were found to contain multiple species of RNA molecules with features similar to defective-interfering RNAs. Northern blot hybridizations of dsRNAs extracted from serial passages of the Israeli VT isolate (CTV-VT) and from different plants infected with a single source of inoculum showed considerable variation both in the presence and in the relative abundance of the defective RNA (D-RNA) bands. The D-RNA molecules were found to be encapsidated in the CTV particles. Sequence analysis of two VT D-RNA molecules of 2.7 and 4.5 kb revealed that they were composed of two regions corresponding to 1818 and 4036 nucleotides from the 5' and 938 and 442 nucleotides from the 3' termini of the CTV-VT genomic RNA, respectively. A short (ca. 0.8 kb) nonencapsidated single-stranded positive-sense RNA species was also found in infected plants. This ssRNA, which copurified with dsRNAs, was shown by hybridization to encompass the 5'-terminal part of the CTV genome and might have an extensive secondary structure. (C) 1995 academic Press, Inc. C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT VIROL,S TOLKOWSKY LAB,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 33803. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. NR 25 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 214 IS 1 BP 264 EP 268 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.9930 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA TK274 UT WOS:A1995TK27400032 PM 8525626 ER PT J AU Kleiboeker, SB AF Kleiboeker, SB TI Sequence analysis of the fiber genomic region of a porcine adenovirus predicts a novel fiber protein SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE porcine adenovirus; fiber protein; sequence analysis ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DNA; SEROTYPES; CLEAVAGE; FRAGMENT; GENE AB The complete nucleotide sequence of the putative fiber protein of a porcine adenovirus isolate, NADC-1, was determined. The coding sequence for the fiber protein was found to be 2112 nucleotides, predicting a 703 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 76,681 Da. The coding sequence is located between 86 and 92.5 map units. A polyadenylation signal was found 44 bases downstream of the stop codon. Northern hybridization analysis identified a band at 2.4 kb, which likely includes the primary transcript plus a tripartite leader (typically found with adenovirus transcripts) and a polyA(+) tail. The predicted NADC-1 fiber protein was found to have a tail domain comparable in size and sequence to most adenovirus fiber proteins, a comparatively short shaft region, and a head region that was more than twice as large as that of other adenovirus fiber proteins. Each of the three structural domains (tail, shaft, and head) of the predicted NADC-1 fiber protein was found to be most similar to the corresponding domain of a different mammalian adenovirus. The NADC-1 fiber head contained an RGD sequence, a motif that is found in the penton protein of other adenoviruses. Furthermore, the predicted amino acid sequence of the C-terminal half of the NADC-1 fiber head has significant homology to S-lectin proteins, a characteristic not shared with other adenovirus fiber proteins. Thus the predieted amino acid sequence of the NADC-1 fiber head is unique among adenoviruses for which the sequence of the fiber protein is known. C1 USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(95)00079-8 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA TU783 UT WOS:A1995TU78300016 PM 8837892 ER PT J AU Bulger, AJ Dolloff, CA Cosby, BJ Eshleman, KN Webb, JR Galloway, JN AF Bulger, AJ Dolloff, CA Cosby, BJ Eshleman, KN Webb, JR Galloway, JN TI The ''Shenandoah National Park: Fish in sensitive habitats'' (SNP: fish) project. An integrated assessment of fish community responses to stream acidification. SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition - Science and Policy: Acid Reign 95 CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, Swedish Environm Res Inst, Provincial Govt Goteborg, Provincial Govt Bohus Ian DE acidification; Virginia; fish response ID DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; VIRGINIA; WATER AB The ''Shenandoah National Park: Fish in Sensitive Habitats'' (SNP:FISH) project is a response to declining pH and acid neutralizing capacity in Shenandoah National Park (SNP) streams. SNP receives more atmospheric sulfate than any other USA national park, and pH had decreased to the point where early negative effects on fish were expected. SNP provides the opportunity to study the early stages of acidification effects on fish. Three different classes of geological formations yield streams with low-ANC (0 mu Eq/L), intermediate-ANC (60-100 mu Eq/L) or high-ANC (150-200 mu Pq/L) waters in SNP. This allows a comparison of responses across a water quality gradient in a small geographic area receiving similar deposition. Both chronic and episodic acidification occur in SNP streams. Biological effects are apparent in fish species richness, population density, condition factor, age, size, and bioassay survival. A primary project objective was to provide the necessary data for development and testing models for forecasting changes in fish communities resulting from changes in stream chemistry. Monitored variables include several which are predictive of acidification effects on SNP fish communities. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Bulger, AJ (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CLARK HALL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI Galloway, James/C-2769-2013; Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012; Eshleman, Keith/J-6531-2015 OI Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698; NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1007/BF00476847 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UB053 UT WOS:A1995UB05300005 ER PT J AU Newman, K Dolloff, A AF Newman, K Dolloff, A TI Responses of blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) and brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) to acidified water in a laboratory stream SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition - Science and Policy: Acid Reign 95 CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, Swedish Environm Res Inst, Provincial Govt Goteborg, Provincial Govt Bohus Ian DE laboratory stream acidified pulses; brook char; blacknose dace ID LOW PH; ACIDIFICATION; TESTS; RIVER; ACID AB As part of the Shenandoah National Park: Fish in Sensitive Habitats (SNP: FISH) project, movements of blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) and brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) were examined during exposure to artificial acidification in paired channels of a laboratory stream. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of the fish to avoid depressions in the ambient pH and recognize and use a neutral-pH microhabitat refuge during acute reductions. Fish preference for a particular channel was statistically predictable based on the delivery of food We tested fish avoidance behavior by manipulating food and the delivery of a pulse of acidified water. Both blacknose dace and brook char avoided the acid pulse (ambient pH reduced from 7.2 to 5.1) by sheltering in the pH-neutral refuge. Extensive field sampling in refuge microhabitats before and during episodic acidification is needed to determine changes in the distributional patterns of these species associated with acid precipitation events. C1 VIRGINIA TECH,US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Newman, K (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1007/BF00476857 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UB053 UT WOS:A1995UB05300015 ER PT J AU Heagle, AS Miller, JE Chevone, BI Dreschel, TW Manning, WJ Cool, PMM Morrison, CL Neely, GE Rebbeck, J AF Heagle, AS Miller, JE Chevone, BI Dreschel, TW Manning, WJ Cool, PMM Morrison, CL Neely, GE Rebbeck, J TI Response of a white clover indicator system to tropospheric ozone at eight locations in the United States SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition - Science and Policy: Acid Reign 95 CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, Swedish Environm Res Inst, Provincial Govt Goteborg, Provincial Govt Bohus Ian DE tropospheric ozone; white clover; air pollution; biomonitor ID TALL FESCUE PASTURE AB A white clover (Trifolium repens L.) system using measured biomass to indicate effective concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O-3) has been developed. The system utilizes the relative response of an O-3-sensitive clone (NC-S) and an O-3-resistant clone (NC-R) grown in 15-liter pots. Forage (leaves, stems and flowers) is cut, dried, and weighed at 28-day intervals. Forage dry weight ratios (NC-S/NC-R) for individual or multiple harvests indicate O-3 concentrations during growth. In, 3 years of testing in open-top field chambers at Raleigh. North Carolina, O-3 always decreased growth of NC-S more than that of NC-R and the NC-S/NC-R ratio routinely decreased as the O-3 concentration increased. A national field test was performed in 1993 and 1994 to determine if the clover system can account for effects of climatic variables on clover growth per-se, and if climatic variables affect the relative response of the two clones to O-3. Eight locations (Corvallis, Oregon; Kennedy Space Center, Florida; Delaware, Ohio; Amherst, Massachusetts; Blacksburg, Virginia; Raleigh, North Carolina; Riverside, California; San Bernardino mountains. California) provided large differences in O-3 concentrations and climate. The NC-SINC-R forage ratios for three consecutive 28-day manuscript. Ratios were generally highest where mean O-3 concentrations were lowest (Oregon and Florida), lowest where mean O-3 concentrations were highest (both California locations), and intermediate at other locations. C1 VIRGINIA TECH,BLACKSBURG,VA. NASA,KENNEDY SPACE CTR,FL. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR. USDA,FOREST SERV,DELAWARE,OH. RP Heagle, AS (reprint author), USDA,ARS,RALEIGH,NC, USA. OI Dreschel, Thomas/0000-0003-2211-5733 NR 15 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1373 EP 1378 DI 10.1007/BF00477173 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UD335 UT WOS:A1995UD33500056 ER PT J AU Mulchi, C Rudorff, B Lee, E Rowland, R Pausch, R AF Mulchi, C Rudorff, B Lee, E Rowland, R Pausch, R TI Morphological responses among crop species to full-season exposures to enhanced concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and O-3 SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition - Science and Policy: Acid Reign 95 CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, Swedish Environm Res Inst, Provincial Govt Goteborg, Provincial Govt Bohus Ian DE global climate change; photochemical oxidants ID CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Field studies using open-top chambers were conducted at USDA-BARC involving the growth of soybeans ('89 & '90), wheat ('91 & '92), and corn ('91), under increased concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and O-3. Treatment responses were compared in all cases to plants grown in charcoal-filtered (CF) air (seasonal 7-h mean = 25 +/- 3 n mol O-3 mol(-1)) having 350 or 500 mu mol CO2 mol(-1). Elevated seasonal O-3 levels for the soybean, wheat, and corn studies averaged 72.2 +/- 4, 62.7 +/- 2, and 70.2 n mol O-3 mol(-1), respectively. Results presented were obtained for plants grown in silt loam soil under well-watered conditions. Grain yield increases in response to elevated CO2 in the absence of O-3 stress averaged 9.0, 12.0, and 1.0% for soybean, wheat, and corn:respectively. Reductions in grain yields in response to the elevated O-3 treatments at 350 mu mol CO2 mol(-1) averaged 20.0, 29.0 and 13.0% for soybean, wheat, and corn, respectively. Reductions in grain yields in response to elevated O-3 at 500 mu mol CO2 mol(-1) averaged 20.0, 8.0, and 7.0% for soybean, wheat, and corn, respectively. Dry biomass and harvest index in wheat were significantly reduced by O-3 stress at 350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 but not at 500 u mol mol(-1) CO2. Seed weight 1000(-1) for soybeans and wheat was significantly increased by CO2 enrichment and decreased by O-3 stress. Seed weight 1000(-1) in corn was increased by O-3 stress suggesting that O-3 affected pollination resulting in fewer kernels per ear. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Mulchi, C (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1379 EP 1386 DI 10.1007/BF00477174 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UD335 UT WOS:A1995UD33500057 ER PT J AU Gimeno, BS Penuelas, J Porcuna, JL Reinert, RA AF Gimeno, BS Penuelas, J Porcuna, JL Reinert, RA TI Biomonitoring ozone phytotoxicity in eastern Spain SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition - Science and Policy: Acid Reign 95 CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, Swedish Environm Res Inst, Provincial Govt Goteborg, Provincial Govt Bohus Ian ID TOBACCO AB High ozone (O-3) levels have been recorded in eastern Spain. A project was developed to identify the areas of elevated O-3 and determine if these levels were above critical concentrations for plant damage. Thus, a network of bioindicators was established in two Autonomous Communities of Spain: Catalunya (31.930 km(2)) and Valencia (23.305 km(2)) to assess O-3 phytotoxicity. Three tobacco cultivars, (Bel-W3, Bel-C and Bel-B) were used during the 1994 growing season in both Regions. In Catalunya the highest O-3 phytotoxicity was recorded in coastal areas, while the phytotoxicity decreased as plants were grown further in-land. A lower O-3 phytotoxicity was observed in coastal sites of the Valencia Autonomous Community, compared to Catalunya, although the O-3 injury was observed downwind from Valencia city in the most resistant cultivar Bel-B. The results in the Valencian Community were difficult to interpret, since plant viruses were widely distributed, not only in indicator plants, but also in commercial crops grown in the area. The analysis of O-3 concentrations, meteorological parameters and visible injury at the Catalan sites showed that high relative humidity levels could favour O-3 phytotoxicity. Therefore, the interactions between O-3 exposure and environmental conditions on plant response should be further studied for the establishment of sound critical levels. C1 GENERALITAT VALENCIANA,SERV SANIDAD VEGETAL,E-46460 SILLA,VALENCIA,SPAIN. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. CREAF,UA BARCELONA,FAC CIENCIAS,E-08193 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RP Gimeno, BS (reprint author), CIEMAT,AVDA COMPLUTENSE 22,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. RI Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011 OI Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150 NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1521 EP 1526 DI 10.1007/BF00477197 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UD335 UT WOS:A1995UD33500080 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Driscoll, CT Likens, GE AF Pardo, LH Driscoll, CT Likens, GE TI Patterns of nitrate loss from a chronosequence of clear-cut watersheds SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition - Science and Policy: Acid Reign 95 CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, Swedish Environm Res Inst, Provincial Govt Goteborg, Provincial Govt Bohus Ian DE nitrogen saturation; acidic deposition; clearcutting; nitrate; base cations; alkalinity ID NITROGEN SATURATION; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; CHEMISTRY AB Three clear-cuts at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (NH) have resulted in a chronosequence of forest watersheds in close proximity. Following clear-cutting, the stands,now 12, 21, 27, and 78 years old, have different species composition, nutrient capital, and biogeochemistry. In this study, we compared seasonal patterns of NO3- in streamwater, changes in N capital, and N retention in watersheds of differing stand age. All of the watersheds showed elevated losses of NO3-, H+ and nutrient cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) during the first few years following clear-cutting. Increased retention of N occurred during vegetation regrowth compared to the reference watershed (W6). Nitrate concentrations were low during the summer growing season, increased in the late fall and peaked in March during spring snowmelt. Concentrations of NO3- were lower in the regrowing watersheds than in W6 during all months. In W6, there was considerable year-to-year variability in N retention, which was not initially observed in the manipulated watersheds. However, two cut watersheds exhibited higher export of NO3- in 1989 and 1990, corresponding to a 10-year high value in annual NO3- loss in W6. These results demonstrate the importance of land use and cutting history in assessments of N saturation and loss from forest watersheds. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. INST ECOSYST STUDIES,MILLBROOK,NY 12545. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 17 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1659 EP 1664 DI 10.1007/BF00477218 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UD335 UT WOS:A1995UD33500101 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD KNIGHT, SS COOPER, CM AF SHIELDS, FD KNIGHT, SS COOPER, CM TI REHABILITATION OF WATERSHEDS WITH INCISING CHANNELS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE EROSION; SEDIMENTATION; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT; CHANNEL EROSION; CHANNEL INCISION; STREAM ECOLOGY; GRADE CONTROL; STREAMBANK PROTECTION; STREAM RESTORATION ID STREAMS; DISCHARGE AB Channel incision is a pervasive problem that threatens infrastructure, destroys arable land, and degrades environmental resources. A program initiated in 1983 is developing technology for rehabilitation of watersheds with erosion and sedimentation problems caused by incision. Demonstration projects are located in 15 watersheds in the hills of northwest Mississippi. Watershed sizes range from 0.89 to 1,590 km(2), and measured suspended sediment yields average about 1,100 t km(-2)-yr(-1). Water quality is generally adequate to support aquatic organisms, but physical habitat conditions are poor. Rehabilitation measures, which are selected and laid out using a subjective integration of hydraulic and geotechnical stability analyses, include grade controls, bank protection, and small reservoirs. Aquatic habitat studies indicate that stone-protected stilling basins below grade-control weirs and habitats associated with drop pipes and stone spur dikes are assets to erosion-damaged streams. Additional recovery of habitat resources using modified stone stabilization designs, woody vegetation plantings, and reservoir outlets designed to provide non-zero minimum flows is under investigation. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 64 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 6 BP 971 EP 982 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA TF421 UT WOS:A1995TF42100002 ER PT J AU GEORGE, HW SIDLE, RC AF GEORGE, HW SIDLE, RC TI GEOMORPHIC AND PEDOLOGIC INFLUENCE ON SMALL-SCALE EPHEMERAL CHANNEL DIMENSION IN RANGELANDS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE CHANNEL GEOMETRY; EPHEMERAL CHANNELS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; LANDUSE; PEDOLOGY; RANGELANDS; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT WILDLAND HYDROLOGY; ZERO-ORDER BASINS ID INITIATION AB Geomorphic processes may partly determine channel geometry. Soil particle uplift during freezing and thawing cycles and bank sloughing during wetting and drying periods were observed. Soil properties and channel dimension were measured to determine the dominant processes controlling channel geometry in eight small (mean area 0.096 km(2)) drainages in Logan Canyon, Utah. Soil cohesion was low (plasticity index < 15) for all but one of the drainages sampled. Basin scale geomorphic variables were examined to determine if they control channel dimension. Bankfull width was highly correlated to channel length and valley. length with r(2) values of 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. A strong canonical correlation (0.64) showed that distance from the watershed divide, bank liquid limit, and bank sand content were effective predictor variables of bankfull width and depth. The interrelations between geomorphic and pedogenic processes were the strongest determinants of ephemeral channel dimension in this study. C1 GEOL SURVEY DENMARK,DK-2400 COPENHAGEN NV,DENMARK. RP GEORGE, HW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WALLOWA WHITMAN NATL FOREST,3502 HIGHWAY 30,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1051 EP 1062 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA TF421 UT WOS:A1995TF42100010 ER PT J AU Spaans, EJA Baker, JM AF Spaans, EJA Baker, JM TI Examining the use of time domain reflectometry for measuring liquid water content in frozen soil SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Time domain reflectometry (TDR) offers a unique opportunity to measure liquid water content theta(L) in frozen soil, since the permittivity of ice is much lower than that of water. However, calibrations of TDR derived from drying unfrozen soil, where water is replaced by air, may not apply to a freezing soil, where water is replaced by ice, since the permittivity of ice is greater than that of air. We designed a gas dilatometer to calibrate TDR for theta(L) in frozen soil. A soil sample is hermetically sealed in the gas dilatometer; subsequent soil freezing reduces total air space and hence increases pressure inside the gas dilatometer, since ice is less dense than water. The amounts of soil water frozen were computed from measured pressure change as temperature was incrementally decreased. TDR calibrations for two samples of the same soil at different total water contents had identical slopes but different intercepts, supporting our hypothesis that there exists no unique calibration of TDR for theta(L) for frozen soil, but rather a family of calibration curves, each curve corresponding to a different total water content. C1 USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN. RP Spaans, EJA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 28 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2917 EP 2925 DI 10.1029/95WR02769 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA TK647 UT WOS:A1995TK64700003 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Ables, ED Edwards, TC Eng, RL Gavin, TA Harris, LD Haufler, JB Healy, WM Knopf, FL Torgerson, O Weeks, HP AF Scott, JM Ables, ED Edwards, TC Eng, RL Gavin, TA Harris, LD Haufler, JB Healy, WM Knopf, FL Torgerson, O Weeks, HP TI Conservation of biological diversity: Perspectives and the future for the wildlife profession SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE biological diversity; conservation; framework recommendations; strategies; wildlife ID MANAGEMENT; CROSSROADS; SONGBIRDS; DECLINE C1 UNIV IDAHO, DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE, MOSCOW, ID 83844 USA. UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT WILDLIFE SCI, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. MONTANA STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 USA. CORNELL UNIV, DEPT NAT RESOURCES, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. UNIV FLORIDA, SCH FOREST RESOURCES & CONSERVAT, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, US FOREST SERV, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. MID CONTINENT SCI CTR, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 USA. MISSOURI DEPT CONSERVAT, JEFFERSON CITY, MO 65012 USA. PURDUE UNIV, DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO, IDAHO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT, MOSCOW, ID 83844 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 4 BP 646 EP 657 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA TW251 UT WOS:A1995TW25100020 ER PT J AU Dickson, JG Williamson, JH Conner, RN Ortego, B AF Dickson, JG Williamson, JH Conner, RN Ortego, B TI Streamside zones and breeding birds in eastern Texas SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE birds; riparian zones; streamside zones; Texas ID FOREST AB Strips of mature trees along intermittent or permanent streams, called streamside zones (SZ), often are retained to protect water quality and accommodate wildlife when forest stands are harvested. We investigated the effects on breeding birds of 3 SZ widths (narrow 15-25 m, medium 30-40 m, and wide 50-95 m) in young pine (Pinus spp.) plantations in eastern Texas. Bird abundance was generally positively related to SZ width. Narrow SZ were inhabited mainly by species associated with young brushy stands and habitat edge. Bird species frequenting the wide zones were mostly those associated with mature pine-hardwood and bottomland hardwood stands in the South. Species found in the medium zones were a mix of species associated with narrow and wide zones, Retention of medium and wide SZ maintains species of birds in local communities and benefits species associated with mature forest. C1 TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE DEPT,VICTORIA,TX 77901. RP Dickson, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SIVICULTURE LAB,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 4 BP 750 EP 755 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA TW251 UT WOS:A1995TW25100035 ER PT J AU Ehrle, B Kaminski, RM Leopold, BD Smith, WP AF Ehrle, B Kaminski, RM Leopold, BD Smith, WP TI Aquatic invertebrate resources in Mississippi forested wetlands during winter SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aquatic invertebrates; bottomland hardwoods; forested wetlands; greentree reservoirs; Mississippi; waterfowl; winter ID WOOD DUCKS; MALLARDS; STREAMS AB We estimated dry-weight biomass and determined taxonomic composition of invertebrates in 2 greentree reservoirs (GTR's), clear-cut areas within GTR's, and 2 naturally flooded forests at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (NNWR) and Delta National Forest (DNF) in Mississippi, during winters 1989-1990 and 1990-1991. Mean invertebrate biomass in CTR's at both study areas and in both years was generally less than in naturally flooded forests. Mean invertebrate biomass in clear-cut areas (kept open by mowing since 1973) within a GTR at NNWR also was generally less than in naturally flooded forest, but usually similar to invertebrate standing crops in CTR habitat. Invertebrate mean biomass in a 1-year-old clear-cut area in a GTR at DNF was less than that in naturally flooded forest and GTR habitat. However, invertebrate biomass in the new clear-cut area increased >6 fold between years. Invertebrate taxa were typical of those occurring in southern hardwood bottomlands during winter. Flooding that emulates natural regimes may enhance management for GTR's, but we recommend further evaluation. C1 US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. RP Ehrle, B (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, BOX 9690, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 4 BP 774 EP 783 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA TW251 UT WOS:A1995TW25100039 ER PT J AU Latta, SC Wunderle, JM Terranova, E Pagan, M AF Latta, SC Wunderle, JM Terranova, E Pagan, M TI An experimental study of nest predation in a subtropical wet forest following hurricane disturbance SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RAINFOREST; PANAMA; BIRDS; EDGE AB We used artificial nest experiments to study rates and patterns of egg predation in subtropical wet and lower montane wet forest on the island of Puerto Rico. Levels of depredation were higher for ground nests than for elevated nests, but we found no difference in rates of egg predation between forest edge (5-50 m) and forest interior (100-250 m) nests. We quantified 25 forest vegetation variables surrounding ground and elevated, forest interior nests, and correlated nest success with these vegetation parameters. Utilizing discriminant function analysis, nest success was correctly classified in 59% of cases (for ground nests) using two Vegetation variables (shrub density and vegetation in the 2.5-3.0 m foliage height class), and in 71% of cases (for elevated nests) using six vegetation variables (canopy cover, vegetation in the 0-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-1.5, and 3.0-4.0 m foliage height classes, and Cecropia tree density). Our data suggest that the absence of an induced edge effect is the result of the creation of canopy openings and early successional vegetative associations in a matrix across the forest following hurricane disturbance in 1989. Comparative data suggest that the high rates of egg predation recorded here may he typical for insular forest habitats. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT BIOL,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00931. RP Latta, SC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,POB B,PALMER,PR 00721, USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 107 IS 4 BP 590 EP 602 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA TN550 UT WOS:A1995TN55000002 ER PT J AU SIMMS, PJ HOTCHKISS, AT IRWIN, PL HICKS, KB AF SIMMS, PJ HOTCHKISS, AT IRWIN, PL HICKS, KB TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS ON A CYCLOMALTOHEPTAOSE (BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN) BONDED-PHASE COLUMN SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HPLC; OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS; CYCLOMALTOHEPTAOSE (BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN); POLYGALACTURONIC ACID; PECTIN ID ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; METAL-IONS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; SILICA; HPLC; RETENTION AB A cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin) bonded-phase HPLC column was used for the first time to separate acidic oligosaccharides. Oligogalacturonic acids up to a degree of polymerization (dp) of 7 were separated with a 50:50 acetonitrile-sodium phosphate-buffered (pH 5) mobile phase and up to dp 17 with an isocratic pH 5.0, sodium phosphate-buffered mobile phase. A sodium acetate gradient elution allowed for improved resolution of all oligogalacturonic acids, up to a dp value of at least 24. Although the stationary phase contained no cationic or readily ionizable groups, these separations appeared to be governed by a classical anion exchange-type mechanism. The beta-cyclodextrin-bonded phase, which displayed exceptional stability over one year of use, is a useful alternative to silica gel- or organic polymer-based anion exchangers for HPLC of acidic carbohydrates. C1 USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 1995 VL 278 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00228-X PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TH230 UT WOS:A1995TH23000001 ER PT J AU FERREIRA, F ANDERSSON, M KENNE, L COTTA, MA STACK, RJ AF FERREIRA, F ANDERSSON, M KENNE, L COTTA, MA STACK, RJ TI STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE FROM BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS STRAIN-49 SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BUTYRIVIBRIO FIBRISOLVENS; EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE; (1-CARBOXYETHYL)HEXOSE ID ACIDIC SUGAR; IDENTIFICATION AB The structure of Butyriuibrio fibrisolvens strain 49 capsular polysaccharide has been investigated mainly by sugar and methylation analysis, partial chemical degradations, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The results suggest that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units having the following structure. [GRAPHICS] The polysaccharide contains O-acetyl groups, one of which is substituted to O-3 of the 4-substituted alpha-D-Galp residue, while others occur in non-stoichiometric amounts at other locations. C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT CHEM,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. FAC QUIM MONTEVIDEO,CATEDRA FARMACOGNOSIA & PROD NAT,MONTEVIDEO,URUGUAY. ASTRA ARCUS AB,ANALYT & PHARMACEUT R&D,S-15185 SODERTALJE,SWEDEN. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. GLYCOMED INC,ALAMEDA,CA 94501. OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 1995 VL 278 IS 1 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00234-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TH230 UT WOS:A1995TH23000011 PM 8536266 ER PT J AU JAMES, DG FAULDER, RJ BARTELT, RJ AF JAMES, DG FAULDER, RJ BARTELT, RJ TI FAUNA AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF CARPOPHILUS SPP (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) IN 4 STONE FRUIT GROWING REGIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA AS DETERMINED BY PHEROMONE-TRAPPING SO JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; SAP BEETLES; FIELD-TESTS; HEMIPTERUS; RESPONSES AB Traps baited with synthetic aggregation pheromones of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. mutilatus Erichson and C. davidsoni Dobson and fermenting bread dough were used to identify the fauna and monitor seasonal abundance of nitidulids in orchards in four stone fruit growing regions of southeastern Australia (Shepparton, Cobram (Victoria), Renmark (South Australia), Windsor (New South Wales)). During 1992-94, seven species (C. davidsoni, C. hemipterus, C. mutilatus, C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.), C. gaveni Dobson, C. marginellus Motschulsky and an unidentified species ''Y'') were trapped at all sites and an additional unidentified species (''X'') was recorded from Windsor. C. davidsoni was the dominant species at all sites, particularly at Shepparton where it accounted for 88-98% of all nitidulids trapped. C. hemipterus was trapped commonly at Cobram and Renmark but was rare at Windsor and Shepparton. C. mutilatus was common at Windsor and Renmark but rare in Shepparton and Cobram. The total number of nitidulids trapped at Shepparton was 10-15 times greater than at the other sites in 1993-94. Seasonal abundance of Carpophilus spp. was similar at all sites with high numbers in spring, followed by a decline and a secondary peak in early summer. At the three inland sites (Shepparton, Cobram, Renmark), populations ''crashed'' and beetles were virtually absent during January-March. A less dramatic decline also occurred at Windsor. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP JAMES, DG (reprint author), NEW S WALES AGR,YANCO AGR INST,YANCO,NSW 2703,AUSTRALIA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CANBERRA PA CSIRO ENTOMOLOGY GPO BOX 1700, CANBERRA 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9050 J9 J AUST ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. PD NOV 30 PY 1995 VL 34 BP 327 EP 333 PN 4 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TJ223 UT WOS:A1995TJ22300012 ER PT J AU REAMS, GA VANDEUSEN, PC LUCIER, AA AF REAMS, GA VANDEUSEN, PC LUCIER, AA TI AMBIENT OZONE AND LOBLOLLY PINES SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 TUFTS UNIV,NATL COUNCIL AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT,MEDFORD,MA 02155. NATL COUNCIL AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP REAMS, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 30 PY 1995 VL 378 IS 6556 BP 449 EP 450 DI 10.1038/378449b0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TH054 UT WOS:A1995TH05400044 ER PT J AU Hock, JM Wood, RJ AF Hock, JM Wood, RJ TI Growth hormone does not enhance the anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone (1-34) on bone in aging multiparous and virgin rats SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE parathyroid hormone; growth hormone; bone; calcium transport; aging ID OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; SPINAL BONE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; OSTEOPENIA; OLD; RESPONSIVENESS; OSTEOPOROSIS; RESTORATION; MODULATION; RESORPTION AB In humans, the progressive loss in skeletal bone mass with aging increases the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures in the elderly. As parathyroid hormone (PTH) and growth hormone (GH) may both be anabolic in bone, we tested if the combination of these hormones would increase bone mass more than either agent alone in aging multiparous and virgin female rats. In four separate studies, female rats (15-18 months old) were treated for 12 or 15 days with synthetic human parathyroid hormone (hPTH 1-34) at 80 mu ug/kg per day given once daily, alone or combined with ovine GH at 1 mg/kg per day given twice daily. Bone of distal femurs, proximal tibias and lumbar vertebrae, dietary mineral (Ca, P, Mg) excretion and balance and serum chemistry were assessed. PTH alone stimulated bone formation and increased bone mass in three of four experiments and consistently increased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25-(OH)(2)D-3) and mineral retention. GH alone did not change either bone formation or bone mass, but combined with PTH increased mineral retention and serum 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3), more than either hormone alone. Despite this stimulatory effect on Ca retention, GH did not further enhance the anabolic effect of hPTH 1-34 on bone mass of aging multiparous and virgin female rats. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Hock, JM (reprint author), LILLY CORP CTR,LILLY RES LABS,SKELETAL DIS RES,BOX 0403,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46285, USA. OI Hock, Janet/0000-0001-8873-2545 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DEO7272] NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing. Dev. PD NOV 24 PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2-3 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.1016/0047-6374(95)01662-7 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA TR956 UT WOS:A1995TR95600011 PM 8786664 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR SERRAJ, R AF SINCLAIR, TR SERRAJ, R TI LEGUME NITROGEN-FIXATION AND DROUGHT SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID NUTRITION C1 FAC SCI SEMLALIA,DEPT BIOL,PHYSIOL VEGETALE LAB,MARRAKECH,MOROCCO. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,POB 110840,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 11 TC 87 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 24 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 23 PY 1995 VL 378 IS 6555 BP 344 EP 344 DI 10.1038/378344a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TF893 UT WOS:A1995TF89300038 ER PT J AU SHOJAIE, SS RIALS, TG KELLEY, SS AF SHOJAIE, SS RIALS, TG KELLEY, SS TI PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE-ACETATE ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID FILMS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE PROPERTY BEHAVIOR; SOL-GEL PROCESS; TETRAETHOXYSILANE; GLASSES AB A series of organic/inorganic hybrid (OIH) films were prepared using cellulose acetate (CA) as the organic component and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the inorganic component. The chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties of these films were evaluated with a variety of analytical techniques. The results of these evaluations showed that crosslinked CA OIH films were formed during the sol-gel reactions. The structure of OIH films was very sensitive to the CA/TEOS ratio and film formation conditions. All of the films with added TEOS were two phase on a molecular level i.e., inorganic TEOS domains surrounded by a CA matrix. Under some film formation conditions the presence of TEOS, a nonsolvent for CA, led to solvent/nonsolvent phase separation on the micron scale. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 21 PY 1995 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1263 EP 1274 DI 10.1002/app.1995.070580807 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TB897 UT WOS:A1995TB89700007 ER PT J AU KACHROO, P LEONG, SA CHATTOO, BB AF KACHROO, P LEONG, SA CHATTOO, BB TI MG-SINE - A SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR-ELEMENT FROM THE RICE BLAST FUNGUS, MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE TRANSPOSON; REPEATED DNA ID RNA POLYMERASE-III; REPETITIVE SEQUENCES; TRANSCRIPTION; DNA; FAMILY; GENE; GENOME AB A short interspersed nuclear element, Mg-SINE, was isolated and characterized from the genome of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Mg-SINE was isolated as an insertion element within Poll, an inverted-repeat transposon from M. grisea and shows typical features of a mammalian SINE, Mg-SINE is present as a 0.47-kb interspersed sequence at approximate to 100 copies per haploid genome in both rice and non-rice isolates of M. grisea, indicating a common evolutionary origin, Secondary structure analysis of Mg-SINE revealed a tRNA-related region at the 5' end which folds into a cloverleaf structure. Genomic fusions resulting in chimeric Mg-SINEs (Ch-SINEs) composed of a sequence homologous to Mg-SINE at the 3' end and an unrelated sequence at its 5' end were also isolated, indicating that this and other DNA rearrangements mediated by these elements may have a major effect on the genomic architecture of this fungus. C1 MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA, FAC SCI, DEPT MICROBIOL, BARODA 390002, GUJARAT, INDIA. MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA, FAC SCI, CTR BIOTECHNOL, BARODA 390002, GUJARAT, INDIA. UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA ARS, PLANT DIS RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 33 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 21 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 24 BP 11125 EP 11129 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.24.11125 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TF891 UT WOS:A1995TF89100063 PM 7479950 ER PT J AU Sonnet, PE Oliver, JE Waters, RM King, G Panicker, S AF Sonnet, PE Oliver, JE Waters, RM King, G Panicker, S TI A potential chiral derivatizing agent for 1,2-diglycerides SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE chiral alcohols; 1,2-diglycerides; fluoro-(1-naphthyl)acteic acids; chiral derivatizing agents ID TRIACYL-SN-GLYCEROLS; DIACYLGLYCEROL DERIVATIVES; STEREOSPECIFIC ANALYSIS; RESOLUTION AB Several chiral naphthylacetic acids have been prepared and evaluated as chiral derivatizing reagents for chiral alcohols. Fluorinated acids provide good general HPLC separations of chiral alcohols, especially 1,2-diglycerides. The separations and the F-19-NMR shift differences of pairs of diastereomers are documented. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, ENVIRONM CHEM LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Sonnet, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, HIDES LIPIDS & WOOL RES UNIT, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 EI 1873-2941 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD NOV 17 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(95)02477-Z PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA TN402 UT WOS:A1995TN40200010 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, K MAYER, EL MILLER, DP GREEN, R VANLENTE, F GUPTA, A KOTTKEMARCHANT, K SAVON, SR SELHUB, J NISSEN, SE KUTNER, M TOPOL, EJ JACOBSEN, DW AF ROBINSON, K MAYER, EL MILLER, DP GREEN, R VANLENTE, F GUPTA, A KOTTKEMARCHANT, K SAVON, SR SELHUB, J NISSEN, SE KUTNER, M TOPOL, EJ JACOBSEN, DW TI HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AND LOW PYRIDOXAL-PHOSPHATE - COMMON AND INDEPENDENT REVERSIBLE RISK-FACTORS FOR CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE CORONARY DISEASE; VITAMINS ID PLASMA HOMOCYST(E)INE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; MEN; HETEROZYGOSITY; HOMOCYSTINURIA; VITAMIN-B12; METABOLISM; PREVALENCE AB Background High plasma homocysteine is associated with premature coronary artery disease in men, but the threshold concentration defining this risk and its importance in women and the elderly are unknown. Furthermore, although low B vitamin status increases homocysteine, the link between these vitamins and coronary disease is unclear. Methods and Results We compared 304 patients with coronary disease with 231 control subjects. Risk factors and concentrations of plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were documented. A homocysteine concentration of 14 mu mol/L conferred an odds ratio of coronary disease of 4.8 (P<.001), and 5-mu mol/L increments across the range of homocysteine conferred an odds ratio of 2.4 (P<.001). Odds ratios of 3.5 in women and of 2.9 in those 65 years or older were seen (P<.05). Homocysteine correlated negatively with all vitamins. Low pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (<20 nmol/L) was seen in 10% of patients but in only 2% of control subjects (P<.01), yielding an odds ratio of coronary disease adjusted for all risk factors, including high homocysteine, of 4.3 (p<.05). Conclusions Within the range currently considered to be normal, the risk for coronary disease rises with increasing plasma homocysteine regardless of age and sex, with no threshold effect. In addition to a link with homocysteine, low pyridoxal-5'-phosphate confers an independent risk for coronary artery disease. C1 CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT INTERNAL MED,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT CLIN PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT CELL BIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DEPT AGR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP ROBINSON, K (reprint author), CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT CARDIOL,DESK F15,9500 EUCLID AVE,CLEVELAND,OH 44195, USA. OI Topol, Eric/0000-0002-1478-4729 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-52234] NR 37 TC 298 Z9 305 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 10 BP 2825 EP 2830 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA TE203 UT WOS:A1995TE20300010 PM 7586248 ER PT J AU FERRIS, RA SCHOENBAUM, MA CRAWFORD, RP AF FERRIS, RA SCHOENBAUM, MA CRAWFORD, RP TI COMPARISON OF SEROLOGIC TESTS AND BACTERIOLOGICAL CULTURE FOR DETECTION OF BRUCELLOSIS IN SWINE FROM NATURALLY INFECTED HERDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE PORCINE SPECIES; BACTERIOLOGICAL CULTURE; BRUCELLOSIS; SEROLOGIC TESTING AB Objective-To compare results of 6 serologic tests with results of bacteriologic culture for Brucella suis in swine. Design-Prospective study. Animals-Two hundred twenty-one swine from 39 naturally infected herds. Procedure-Blood samples and lymph nodes were collected at slaughter. Serologic tests conducted were the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay, the automated complement fixation assay, the card test, the buffered acidified plate antigen assay, the standard tube test, and the rivanol test. Lymph nodes were plated on Farrell's medium and serum-enriched agar for bacteriologic culture. Results-Sensitivities ranged from 57 (automated complement fixation assay) to 83% (standard tube lest). Specificities ranged from 62 (standard tube test) to 95% (rivanol test). Brucella suis was isolated from 46 of the 221 (21%) pigs. For 8 of the 46 culture-positive pigs, results of all 6 tests were negative. Clinical Implications-Data illustrate the difficulty of eliminating brucellosis by means of a test-and-removal program and support the policy of slaughtering infected herds. C1 USDA,APHIS,VS,ARLINGTON,TX 76010. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP FERRIS, RA (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,VS,903 SAN JACINTO,RM 220,AUSTIN,TX 78701, USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 207 IS 10 BP 1332 EP & PG 0 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TE633 UT WOS:A1995TE63300015 PM 7591930 ER PT J AU STOUT, JE ARYA, SP GENIKHOVICH, EL AF STOUT, JE ARYA, SP GENIKHOVICH, EL TI THE EFFECT OF NONLINEAR DRAG ON THE MOTION AND SETTLING VELOCITY OF HEAVY-PARTICLES SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; FLOW-FIELDS; SIMULATION AB The effects of nonlinear drag on the motion and settling velocity of heavy particles in a turbulent atmosphere are investigated. The authors approach the problem rather systematically by first considering the response of particles to much simpler fluid motions that are subprocesses of the more complex turbulent field. The authors first consider the motion and time response of particles falling under gravity in still fluid. Then the effects of a sudden gust or step change in relative velocity between a falling particle and its surrounding fluid are investigated. The authors demonstrate that horizontal relative motion produced by a sudden gust tends to reduce the settling velocity of a particle. In simple oscillating fluids it is shown that the reduction of settling velocity increases with increasing amplitude of fluid oscillation. The authors also explore the effects of oscillation frequency on the settling velocity and show that if the period of fluid oscillation is less than the particle response time, then the settling velocity reduction becomes independent of oscillation frequency. Finally, the authors explore the motion of heavy particles within simulated isotropic turbulence and show that the effect of nonlinear drag is to produce a slowing of particle settling velocity. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. VOEIKOV MAIN GEOPHYS OBSERV,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA. RP STOUT, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 22 BP 3836 EP 3848 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<3836:TEONDO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TH238 UT WOS:A1995TH23800002 ER PT J AU GRUBMAN, MJ ZELLNER, M BABLANIAN, G MASON, PW PICCONE, ME AF GRUBMAN, MJ ZELLNER, M BABLANIAN, G MASON, PW PICCONE, ME TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACTIVE-SITE RESIDUES OF THE 3C PROTEINASE OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUTATIVE CATALYTIC TRIAD; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SERINE PROTEASES; CYSTEINE PROTEASES; CLEAVAGE; RNA; POLYPROTEIN; EXPRESSION AB To identify the active-site residues of the 3C proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), we introduced mutations into the 3C coding region and examined the activity of mutant enzymes on various substrates. Based on alignment of FMDV 3C with other picornavirus 3C proteinases and with the trypsin family of serine proteinases, mutations were introduced at residues presumed to be part of the catalytic triad, involved in substrate binding, or present in nonconserved regions. Wild-type and mutant 3C proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and tested for their ability to cleave synthetic substrates corresponding to different portions of the viral genome. Substitutions at His-46 (catalytic triad), Asp-84 (catalytic triad), or His-181 (substrate binding) produced enzymes unable to process P1, P2, or P3 substrates in trans, whereas a change in the conserved Asp-98 had no effect on enzyme activity. Substitution of Ser for Cys-163 (catalytic triad) yielded an enzyme that retained activity on some substrates, while a substitution of Gly at this position resulted in a completely inactive enzyme. The kinetics of trans processing of translation products from a transcript encoding the P1 and P2 coding regions and the 2C/3A cleavage site with wild-type 3C or a transcript encoding P1 with 3C mutants revealed that the order of cleavage was VP3-VP1, VPO-VP3, VP1-2A, 2C-3A, and 2B-2C. Mutations in 3C that resulted in a partially active enzyme were individually introduced into full-length FMDV cDNA and RNA transcripts were translated in a cell-free system and used to transfect cells. In all cases the virus that was rescued had reverted to the wild-type 3C codon. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP GRUBMAN, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, NAA, POB 848, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. NR 30 TC 53 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 1995 VL 213 IS 2 BP 581 EP 589 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.0030 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA TE732 UT WOS:A1995TE73200030 PM 7491782 ER PT J AU LAWRENCE, GB DAVID, MB SHORTLE, WC AF LAWRENCE, GB DAVID, MB SHORTLE, WC TI A NEW MECHANISM FOR CALCIUM LOSS IN FOREST-FLOOR SOILS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ACIDIC DEPOSITION; ACIDIFICATION; WATERS AB CALCIUM is the fifth most abundant element in trees, and is an essential component for wood formation and the maintenance of cell walls. Depletion of Ca from the rooting zone can result in acidification of soil(1) and surface water(2) and possibly growth decline and dieback of red spruce(3,4). During the past six decades, concentrations of root-available Ca (exchangeable and acid-extractable forms) in forest-floor soils have decreased in the northeastern United States(5,6). Both net forest growth and acid deposition have been put forth as mechanisms that can account for this Ca depletion(5,6). Here, however, we present data collected in red spruce forests in the northeastern United States that are inconsistent with either of these mechanisms. We propose that aluminium, mobilized in the mineral soil by acid deposition, is transported into the forest floor in a reactive form that reduces storage of Ca, and thus its availability for root uptake. This results in potential stress to trees and, by increasing the demand for Ca, also decreases neutralization of drainage waters, thereby leading to acidification of lakes and streams. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP LAWRENCE, GB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,425 JORDAN RD,TROY,NY 12180, USA. NR 28 TC 148 Z9 156 U1 3 U2 24 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 9 PY 1995 VL 378 IS 6553 BP 162 EP 165 DI 10.1038/378162a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TD759 UT WOS:A1995TD75900046 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH LAMONFAVA, S MCNAMARA, JR SCHAEFER, MM RASMUSSEN, H ORDOVAS, JM AF SCHAEFER, EJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH LAMONFAVA, S MCNAMARA, JR SCHAEFER, MM RASMUSSEN, H ORDOVAS, JM TI BODY-WEIGHT AND LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL CHANGES AFTER CONSUMPTION OF A LOW-FAT AD-LIBITUM DIET SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; POLY-UNSATURATED FAT; SERUM-LIPIDS; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; TARAHUMARA INDIANS; MEN; PLASMA; TRIAL; WOMEN; POPULATIONS AB Objective.-To assess the effects of a diet restricted in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol, under weight-maintenance and ad libitum conditions on body weight and plasma lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Design.-Dietary intervention study. Setting and Participants.-Twenty-seven free-living, healthy middle-aged and elderly men (n=13, age range, 41 to 81 years) and women (n=14, age range, 52 to 79 years) with moderate hypercholesterolemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] greater than or equal to 3.36 mmol/L [130 mg/dL]) participated in the study. Intervention.-Subjects underwent three dietary phases. First, subjects were provided with a diet similar to the average US diet (baseline diet; 35.4% total fat, 13.8% to 14.1% saturated fat, and 30 to 35 mg/1000 kJ [128 to 147 mg/1000 kcal] cholesterol), During the second dietary phase, subjects consumed a low-fat diet (15.1% total fat, 5.0% saturated fat, 17 mg/1000 kJ [73 mg/1000 kcal] cholesterol). During the baseline and low-fat diet phases, which lasted 5 to 6 weeks each, the energy intake was adjusted to keep body weight constant. During the third diet phase (low-fat ad libitum diet) subjects were given the same low-fat diet for 10 to 12 weeks, but could adjust their intake between 66% and 133% of the energy required to maintain body weight. Main Outcome Measures.-Body weight and plasma lipid levels. Results.-Consumption of the low-fat diet underweight-maintenance conditions had significant lowering effects on plasma total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean change, -12.5%, -17.1%, and -22.8%, respectively). This diet significantly increased plasma triglyceride levels (+47.3%) and the TC/HDL-C ratio (+14.6%). In contrast, consumption of the low-fat ad libitum diet was accompanied by significant weight loss (-3.63 kg), by a mean decrease in LDL-C (-24.3%), and by mean triglyceride levels and TC/HDL-C ratio that were not significantly different from values obtained at baseline. Conclusions.-Our results indicate that a low-fat ad libitum diet promotes weight loss and LDL-C lowering without adverse effects on triglycerides or the TC/HDL-C ratio in middle-aged and elderly men and women with moderate hypercholesterolemia. C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL DIABET METAB & MOLEC MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL39326] NR 48 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 8 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 18 BP 1450 EP 1455 DI 10.1001/jama.274.18.1450 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TC477 UT WOS:A1995TC47700027 PM 7474191 ER PT J AU IM, H HENSON, CA AF IM, H HENSON, CA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH PI-ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE FROM GERMINATED BARLEY-SEEDS - SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY, SUBSITE AFFINITIES AND ACTIVE-SITE RESIDUES SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BARLEY ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY; SUBSITE MAPPING; ACTIVE-SITE RESIDUES; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; TRYPTOPHANYL RESIDUES; BETA-AMYLASE; GLUCOAMYLASE; INHIBITORS; BINDING; MECHANISM; ENZYME; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION AB Substrate specificity and subsite affinities of high pI alpha-glucosidase from germinated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds were investigated by kinetics. The enzyme has only one maltose binding site per molecule and shows high activity on small maltooligosaccharides and nigerose, Hydrolysis of isomaltose and p-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside is moderate. Trehalose is not hydrolyzed at detectable rates. The ratios of the maximum velocities for maltose, nigerose, isomaltose, p-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside and malto-triose, -tetraose, -pentaose, -hexaose, -heptaose are 100:95:21:9:111:116:119:104:111. The K-m values for these substrates are 1.91, 1.29, 5.32, 1.04, 1.11, 2.37, 2.92, 5.44 and 7.89 mM, respectively. Based on the rate parameters for maltooligosaccharides, the subsite affinities (A(i)s) in the active site of the enzyme were evaluated according to subsite theory. Subsites 1, 2 and 3, having positive A(i) values (A(1), A(2) and A(3); 1.34, 5.37 and 0.27 kcal/mol, respectively), were considered to be effective for the binding of substrate to the active site. The different arrangement of subsite affinities among alpha-glucosidases, glucoamylases and amylases was used to explain their substrate specificities. Chemical modification with conduritol B epoxide and N-bromosuccinimide in the presence and absence of ligands revealed carboxylate and tryptophanyl groups, respectively, as essential functional groups in the active site of the enzyme. Chemical modification with phenylglyoxal and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate suggests that arginine and lysine, respectively, also have significant roles in enzyme function. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD NOV 7 PY 1995 VL 277 IS 1 BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00212-C PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TE581 UT WOS:A1995TE58100011 ER PT J AU SASSENRATHCOLE, GF AF SASSENRATHCOLE, GF TI DEPENDENCE OF CANOPY LIGHT-DISTRIBUTION ON LEAF AND CANOPY STRUCTURE FOR 2 COTTON (GOSSYPIUM) SPECIES SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; RESPONSE CURVES; PLANT CANOPIES; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INTERCEPTION; ARCHITECTURE; ORIENTATION; GRADIENTS; FIELD AB The light environment within a crop canopy is an important determinant of the potential photosynthetic activity of the crop. The photon flux environment within the crop is influenced by the total incoming radiation and the structure of the plant canopy. In this study, the light environment within two economically important species of cotton (Gossypium, sps.) that show diverse growth habits was examined at different growth stages. G. hirsutum had very regular leaf shapes throughout the growing season, and was diaheliotropic. G. barbadense had large, fairly flat leaves early in the season that progressively became more cupped at increasing mainstem positions, and had no heliotropic response. These differences in leaf shapes and solar tracking altered the leaf and canopy light environment. Estimated total diurnal light intercepted by upper canopy leaves was found to be lower for G. barbadense than for G. hirsutum, due in part to the cupping of the leaf surface. Alternatively, the cupping of the G. barbadense leaves resulted in a more erectophile canopy, increasing PFD to lower canopy leaves in the G. barbadense canopy particularly later in the season relative to that PFD observed in the G. hirsutum canopy. This redistribution of light to lower canopy leaves has been suggested to be beneficial by increasing net canopy photosynthesis. The cupping of the G. barbadense leaves, in addition to distributing light over a greater photosynthetically active area, may be beneficial by reducing photoinhibition. Additionally, the extreme cupping of the G. barbadense leaves results in illumination of the abaxial surface during portions of the day, which may further increase the photosynthetically active area and contribute to total canopy carbon uptake. RP SASSENRATHCOLE, GF (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02238-S PG 18 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TE620 UT WOS:A1995TE62000004 ER PT J AU Babula, RA Ruppel, FJ Bessler, DA AF Babula, RA Ruppel, FJ Bessler, DA TI US corn exports: The role of the exchange rate SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL TRADE MODELS; TIME-SERIES; COINTEGRATION; CRITIQUE AB Time series econometric methods are applied to monthly observational data over the period 1978-1992 on real exchange rates, real corn prices, corn export sales, and corn export shipments for the United States. In-sample fit and out-of-sample forecast results are used to discern whether exchange rates have elicited systematic responses in U.S. corn prices, sales and shipments, and whether the dynamic transmission mechanisms tying these variables together have changed over time. A structural break appears to have occurred in early 1985. No cointegration is found between exchange rates, price, sales, and shipments in either sub-period. Influences are all short-run or between stationary variables. The role of the exchange rate appears to have moderated in the post-1985 period. Implications for policy analysis are discussed. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DEPT AGR,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Babula, RA (reprint author), US INT TRADE COMMISS,AGR & FOREST PROD DIV,AGR CROPS BRANCH,500 E ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20436, USA. RI Bessler, David/A-9226-2009; OI Bessler, David/0000-0002-4567-9251 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 13 IS 2 BP 75 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0169-5150(95)01158-7 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA TN237 UT WOS:A1995TN23700001 ER PT J AU HANNA, WW OZIASAKINS, P AF HANNA, WW OZIASAKINS, P TI APOMIXIS IN HYBRID DEVELOPMENT SO AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH LA English DT Article AB Apomixis, vegetative reproduction through seeds, is a genetically controlled reproductive mechanism. it is a mechanism frequently found in polyploid non-cultivated species but also occurs in the wild relatives of some cultivated species. Apomixis provides a unique opportunity to maximize, fix and utilize hybrid vigor develop superior gene combinations and simplify commercial hybrid seed production. Progress is being made in transferring the gene(s) controlling apomixis from wild to cultivated species. Molecular techniques will probably be needed to make general use of apomixis in most cultivated plants. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILAN PA VIA AURELLO SAFFI 23, 20123 MILAN, ITALY SN 1120-6012 J9 AGRO FOOD IND HI TEC JI Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 6 IS 6 BP 49 EP 51 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TH556 UT WOS:A1995TH55600010 ER PT J AU Kaspar, TC Logsdon, SD Prieksat, MA AF Kaspar, TC Logsdon, SD Prieksat, MA TI Traffic pattern and tillage system effects on corn root and shoot growth SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPACTION; INFILTROMETER; DESIGN AB Controlled wheel traffic is one way to manage compaction in no-till and ridge-till systems. This study was conducted from 1990 to 1992 at Kanawha, IA, on a Webster silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) to examine the effect of a wheel traffic pattern on corn (Zea mays L.) root distribution, shoot growth, and yield in no-till, ridge-till, and chisel-plow tillage systems. The wheel traffic pattern was configured so that some rows would have wheel tracks on both sides, on one side, or on neither side. Bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, root length density, shoot dry weight, and yield were measured at several positions across the traffic pattern. In general, the effect of tillage systems was not significant averaged across positions. Position relative to the traffic pattern had some effect, however, on all measured parameters. Bulk density was greatest in trafficked interrows (1.36 Mg m(-3)) and least in untrafficked interrows (1.09 Mg m(-3)). Hydraulic conductivity near saturation was less in trafficked (39.4 mu m s(-1)) than in untrafficked (104.7 mu m s(-1)) interrows. Root length density in trafficked interrows was on average one-third of that in untrafficked interrows. Root length density in a particular interrow also was influenced by the traffic pattern in the adjacent interrows. In 2 of the 3 yr, yields of rows with a trafficked interrow on only one side were 7% less than those of rows without trafficked interrows on either side. The wheel traffic pattern, and not just the presence or absence of wheel traffic, affected corn root growth and yield. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Kaspar, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1046 EP 1051 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000003 ER PT J AU Hammer, GL Sinclair, TR Boote, KJ Wright, GC Meinke, H Bell, MJ AF Hammer, GL Sinclair, TR Boote, KJ Wright, GC Meinke, H Bell, MJ TI A peanut simulation model .1. Model development and testing SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L; EARLY REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; WATER; ENVIRONMENT; AUSTRALIA; CULTIVARS; DROUGHT AB A biophysically robust crop simulation model can assist industry planning and farmer decision-making via simulation analyses to quantify production potential and production risks. Accordingly, we developed a simple, yet mechanistic peanut simulation model for use in assessing climatic risks to production potential for both irrigated and dryland conditions. The model simulates pod yield, biomass accumulation, crop leaf area, phenology, and soil water balance and is suitable for application over a diverse range of production environments. The model uses a daily time step, utilizes readily available weather and soil information, and assumes no nutrient limitations. The model nas tested on numerous data from experiments spanning a broad range of environments in the tropics and subtropics. The model performed satisfactorily accounting for 89% of the variation in pod yield on data sets derived from independent experiments, which included crops yielding from 1 to 7 t ha(-1). Limitations of the model and aspects requiring better understanding to improve quantification are discussed. Despite some limitations, the model attains a useful degree of predictive skill for a broad range of situations and environments. This outcome is testimony to the utility of the simple, generic framework used as the basis for this model. The model is suitable for simulation studies aimed at assisting industry planning and farmer decision-making. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32116. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32116. DPI,KINGAROY,QLD 4610,AUSTRALIA. RP Hammer, GL (reprint author), DPI,CSIRO,AGR PROD SYST RES UNIT,POB 102,TOOWOOMBA,QLD 4350,AUSTRALIA. RI Hammer, Graeme/A-3785-2008; Bell, Michael/F-7904-2010; Bell, Michael/A-7741-2011; Meinke, Holger/C-7215-2013 OI Hammer, Graeme/0000-0002-1180-7374; Bell, Michael/0000-0002-3957-2685; Meinke, Holger/0000-0003-2657-3264 NR 45 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1093 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000009 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Boone, ML Reddy, AR Hodges, HF Turner, SB McKinion, JM AF Reddy, KR Boone, ML Reddy, AR Hodges, HF Turner, SB McKinion, JM TI Developing and validating a model for a plant growth regulator SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE; COTTON RESPONSE; GOSSYM AB Mepiquat chloride (MC), 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride, is a systemic plant growth regulator used extensively to regulate vegetative growth in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.). Yield responses to MC have been erratic, probably due to the difficulty in choosing the proper rate and timing of application. We developed a model based on data collected by spraying various amounts of MC on 25-d-old plants. The effect of MC on various physiological parameters was measured. Stem elongation rate was reduced 38% due to 30 mu g g(-1) of MC, white leaf area expansion rate and photosynthesis was reduced 30%. The model adjusts the projected leaf expansion, stem elongation, and photosynthetic rates based on the crop growth status and concentrations of MC in the tissues. The MC subroutine was incorporated into GOSSYM-COMAX, a combined simulation model for plant growth and decision aid for cotton crop management. we tested the model against data for plant heights, mainstem nodes, and yields from several cropping systems across the U.S. Cotton Belt. The simulation results agreed closely with the observed field data. The new model reduced the overall variability 32% for predicting plant heights, 4% for predicting number of mainstem nodes, and 17% for predicting lint yields over the previously published MC model. When used in association with GOSSYM-COMAX, the MC model may provide an effective tool for selecting precise timing and amounts of mepiquat chloride needed to optimize the proper use of the chemical. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. PONDICHERRY UNIV,DEPT LIFE SCI,PONDICHERRY 605014,INDIA. USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RI Dhanjal, Jaspreet Kaur/D-8504-2015; OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1100 EP 1105 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000011 ER PT J AU George, JR Blanchet, KM Gettle, RM Buxton, DR Moore, KJ AF George, JR Blanchet, KM Gettle, RM Buxton, DR Moore, KJ TI Yield and botanical composition of legume-interseeded vs nitrogen-fertilized switchgrass SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES; PERFORMANCE; ALFALFA; HERBAGE; BLUESTEM; GRASSES; QUALITY AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has a relatively high N requirement for high yields of quality forage. It is not clear what role Legumes can play in supplying this N and in improving herbage yield when grown in association with switchgrass. To evaluate cool-season legume renovation vs. N fertilization of established switchgrass, 10 forage legumes and a legume mixture were compared with 0, 60, 120 and 240 kg N ha(-1). Forage yield and botanical composition of basal (<20 cm) and upper (>20 cm) canopy were compared at Ames, IA, on a Webster silty clay loam (mesic Typic Haplaquoll). Legumes were no-till interseeded in early April; N was applied before mid-May. Legume renovation did not affect June yield during the establishment year (Y1), but produced 9% greater yields than 0-N grass in July. N fertilization increased upper-canopy grass yield ZA-fold compared with 0 N and legume renovation during Y1. During the second year (Y2) of 1991 seedings, all legume treatments except crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) produced more total-season upper-canopy yield than grass fertilized with 240 kg N. For 1992 seedings, birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), Mammoth red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and trefoil-red clover mixture had Y2 yields that equaled or exceeded yield for 240 kg N. Mean legume composition of Y2 upper canopy for June, July, and August was 84, 70, and 51%, respectively, in 1991 seedings and 53, 28, and 27% in weather-damaged stands of 1992 seedings. Y2 yields for interseeded legumes provided significant improvement over 120 or 240 kg ha(-1) N, so cool-season legumes can substitute for N fertilization after the seeding year. Adequate defoliation in early June is important to minimize legume competition to established switchgrass. Livestock producers should renovate only a portion of switchgrass pastures in a single year, because of a shortfall in forage supply during legume establishment compared with that of N-fertilized grass. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP George, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1153 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000018 ER PT J AU vanIersel, MW Heitholt, JJ Wells, R Oosterhuis, DM AF vanIersel, MW Heitholt, JJ Wells, R Oosterhuis, DM TI Foliar methanol applications to cotton in the southeastern United States: Leaf physiology, growth, and yield components SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENESCENCE; ETHYLENE; ALCOHOLS; CARBON; LIGHT; PATH AB Foliar methanol applications have previously been reported to dramatically increase yields of a variety of crops under arid conditions, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Whether methanol is effective in the southeastern USA is not known. In addition, the agronomic and physiological events contributing to the increase are not understood. Therefore, we conducted a series of experiments in 1993 to study the effects of methanol on the gas exchange, water relations,development, growth, and yield of field-grown cotton at three locations in the southeastern USA. Conventional management and irrigation procedures were used. Methanol solutions in water, with and without urea and iron, were applied over the top at midday to cotton. Four to eight applications were made from flowering to late bell filling. Both single-leaf and canopy photosynthesis rates taken 2 h to 6 d after treatment were unaffected by methanol or the nutrients. At one site, CO2 compensation point was determined, but did not differ among treatments. This finding does not support previous claims that methanol reduces photorespiration. Transpiration and water potential also were not affected by foliar applications of 15 or 30% methanol (v/v). Foliar methanol applications also did not result in faster development of the crop and did not increase yield at any of the locations. Our results do not indicate any positive effect of foliar methanol applications on cotton in the southeastern USA. C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP vanIersel, MW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA STN,DEPT HORT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1157 EP 1160 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000020 ER PT J AU Vecellio, LC Jung, GA Harpster, HW Shaffer, JA Engle, CE Everhart, JR AF Vecellio, LC Jung, GA Harpster, HW Shaffer, JA Engle, CE Everhart, JR TI Endophyte-free tall fescue cultivars grazed by sheep: Forage quality and sward characteristics SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; CATTLE; SEED AB Although much work has focused on the performance of endophyte-infected (E+), Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams, tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; little information is available comparing performance attributes of endophyte-free (E-) cultivars in the northeastern USA. Five paddocks of four cultivars [(Festorina', 'Johnstone', 'Roa', and 'Kentucky 31' (KY 31)] of E- tall fescue were rotationally stocked with ewes (Ovis aries) for 2 yr. Tall fescue and weed dry matter (DM) mass, leaf-to-stem ratio, and tiller density were determined both pre-and post-grazing and sward height was measured pre-grazing. Forage crude protein (CP), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) were determined by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Total dry mass was higher for Festorina and KY 31 than for the other cultivars. Leaf-to-stem ratios were similar among cultivars. Forage height was greatest for Festorina and least for Johnstone. Fescue proportion of herbage biomass nas greater and weed biomass lower for Festorina and KY 31 than for Roa and Johnstone. Tall fescue proportion of herbage biomass at the end of the trial nas lowest for Johnstone. Mean tiller densities were similar for all cultivars and ranged from 2060 m(-2) in spring to 1260 m(-2) under stockpiling in fall. Pre-grazed herbage CP of 204 g kg(-1) was similar among cultivars. Roa tended to be low and Festorina high in both ADF and NDF, and IVDMD of Johnstone was higher than Festorina. Across seasons and years, ewe liveweight gain was higher for Johnstone than for the remaining cultivars, which were similar. Gains for Group 2 (late-weaned) lambs were lower for KY 31 and were similar for the remaining cultivars. In light of this information, cultivar as well as endophyte status should be considered in designing experiments or planning grazing systems with tall fescue. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY & ANIM SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MGT RES UNIT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1169 EP 1175 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000022 ER PT J AU Rickman, RW Klepper, B Ball, DA AF Rickman, RW Klepper, B Ball, DA TI An algorithm for predicting crown root axes of annual grasses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH; SYSTEMS; MODEL; NITROGEN AB Root formation by any plant determines its success or failure for creating seed for its nest generation. Those interested in managing plants for optimum harvestable yield require information about effects of their practices on root growth. Crop growth models can be convenient summarizations of such knowledge, Models of plants and environment currently describe the plant shoot more completely than they describe the root. The morphologically based root formation algorithm presented in this paper provides opportunities for improving both the description of root formation and the response of roots to their environment. The equation relating shoot and root development will be convenient for crop modeling. It can also be used as a standard for comparison of field rooting observations, as environmental effects on rooting are quantified. The equation predicts the number of root axes on a plant from the plant phyllochron interval, the timing of nodal root appearance relative to leaf appearance, and the effect of environmental stresses that reduce tillering, A comparison of algorithm predictions with observed root formation by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a warm, dry seedbed revealed that few er roots were formed during the early tillering stage of development than predicted for unstressed plants, Correction for observed tillering did not reduce predicted root numbers to those observed. Observed early-season root observations were matched by using one-half of possible tillering as a stress correction. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLUMBIA BASIN AGR RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR. RP Rickman, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1182 EP 1186 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000024 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Fedders, JM AF Belesky, DP Fedders, JM TI Influence of autumn management on orchardgrass white clover swards SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; WINTER; GROWTH; CARBOHYDRATE; GRASSES; QUALITY; FORAGE; YIELD; DATE AB The influence of autumn management on the productivity, morphology, and botanical composition of an orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) sward was investigated over 3 yr. Stockpiled (nongrazed) canopies were clipped at fixed intervals throughout autumn from exclosures established in each of nine paddocks to determine growth rates and productivity of standing herbage. Pastures were grazed by weaned lambs (Ovis aries) beginning in August in each of 3 yr. Grazing animals were removed from three replicate paddocks after 30 (early closed), 60 or 90 d (late closed), Paddocks were sampled at 2-wk intervals to determine herbage mass, botanical composition, and total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations of grasses and legumes. Early-closed paddocks continued to accumulate herbage during autumn, resulting in greater senescence over winter than in late-closed paddocks. Herbage mass in spring was not affected by autumn management. Late-closed paddocks had significantly more clover than did early-closed paddocks in spring, Early-closed paddocks were comprised of grass plants that had relatively few and large tillers and by white clover plants that had fewer growing points than those in late-closed paddocks. In comparison, late-closed paddocks had grass plants comprised of many small tillers and white clover plants with about twice as many growing points. Stolen mass was greater, but total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations were less during autumn in late- than in early-closed paddocks. The decrease in clover mass over the course of the experiment coincided with a decrease In total herbage mass. A delicate balance between growing points and carbohydrates may be involved in clover presence in mixed swards. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1186 EP 1192 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000025 ER PT J AU Warner, DA Holaday, AS Burke, JJ AF Warner, DA Holaday, AS Burke, JJ TI Response of carbon metabolism to night temperature in cotton SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC SUCROSE SYNTHESIS; PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; LEAVES; PYROPHOSPHATE; INHIBITION; BARLEY; STARCH AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is sensitive to low temperatures during all phases of growth. Throughout the cotton growing season on the High Plains of Texas, days provide optimal sunlight and temperature for metabolism followed by nights with temperatures of 15 to 20 degrees C, well below the optimum. The present growth chamber study compared the response of specific components of C metabolism in vegetative cotton grown with 28 degrees C/28 degrees C and 28 degrees C/20 degrees C day/night regimes. Photosynthesis for cool-night (20 degrees C) plants measured at 28 degrees C the following day was only 77% of 28 degrees C night plants, Less starch accumulation occurred during the day in the cool-night plants, yet their predawn starch levels were approximately 2.5-fold higher than the 28 degrees C plants. Pools of triose phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate were lower at night at 20 degrees C than at 28 degrees C. The glucose 6-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate ratio was higher for the cool-night plants, however, indicative of an apparent limitation in sucrose synthesis subsequent to cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. The most interesting observation is the maintenance of equal sucrose pools in both treatments, even though the amount of starch catabolized at night was different. This study shows that cool night temperatures alone alter cotton C metabolism throughout each 24-h period. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV, DEPT BIOL, LUBBOCK, TX 79409 USA. RP Warner, DA (reprint author), USDA, PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT, ROUTE 3, BOX 215, LUBBOCK, TX 79401 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1193 EP 1197 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000026 ER PT J AU Burke, JJ Upchurch, DR AF Burke, JJ Upchurch, DR TI Cotton rooting patterns in relation to soil temperatures and the thermal kinetic window SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE FOLLOWING ILLUMINATION; ZEA-MAYS L; ZONE TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; DEPENDENCE; WHEAT; WATER; REAPPEARANCE; SEEDLINGS; SYSTEM AB Throughout the USA, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is irrigated to avoid the deleterious effects of drought stress on growth and development. Irrigation, while optimizing water status, results in a concomitant cooling of soil temperatures. Previous field studies have focused on soil water status effects on root growth independent of the soil temperature changes following irrigation. This study was designed to evaluate the soil temperature characteristics of irrigated and nonirrigated field plots of cotton to determine the time that temperatures are spatially and temporally within the range for optimal cotton root metabolism. Soil temperatures in the nonirrigated treatment were within cotton's thermal kinetic window (23.5 to 32 degrees C) for 72% more time than in the irrigated treatment. Predicted rooting fronts fell between the 24 and 26 degrees C isotherms in the irrigated treatment and the 26 and 28 degrees C isotherms in the nonirrigated treatment. Greater root length density of cotton in the nonirrigated treatment, determined from soil cores, was associated with increased time at optimal temperatures. Near the soil surface, root length density decreased in the nonirrigated treatment because of reduced soil water status, not because of reduced time within the optimal temperature range. Soil temperatures cooled below the optimal range upon canopy closure in the irrigated treatment. The cooling trend was observed to a lesser extent in the nonirrigated treatments, which never realized full canopy closure. This study showed that greater cotton root development occurred across time and with depth in soils exhibiting temperatures within cotton's thermal kinetic window. RP Burke, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1216 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000029 ER PT J AU Williams, MJ Chambliss, CG Brolmann, JB AF Williams, MJ Chambliss, CG Brolmann, JB TI Dry matter partitioning in a true vs facultative annual forage legume SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Differential partitioning of photosynthate has been suggested as the reason for low early-season (8 to 12 wk post planting) dry matter (DM) yield of 'Savanna' stylo [Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.], a facultative annual over much of its Florida range. In a 3-yr field study (1991-1993), the effect of planting date (April vs. June) on root-to-shoot ratio (g g(-1)), leaf-to-stem ratio (g g(-1)), and total plant weight (g) of Savanna style was compared with common alyceclover [Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.], a true annual, for 16 wk post planting. Only time post planting consistently affected root-to-shoot ratio, which declined as time post planting increased. Within gears, leaf-to-stem ratio also declined with increasing time post planting, but, on average, Savanna stylo had a higher leaf-to-stem ratio than alyceclover. There was a planting date x legume x year x time post planting interaction for total plant weight. This was because total plant weights, although similar regardless of planting date or legume in 1991 and 1993, differed in 1992, when April-planted Savanna stylo plants had greater total plant DM than June-planted Savanna style or either planting date of alyceclover. Across the 16-wk post-planting period, there was a consistent legume x planting date interaction each year for total plant weight. This vias because both April-planted legumes were vegetative for the full 16-wk post-planting period (April-August) and total plant weight remained similar, but only Savanna style remained vegetative for the full 16-wk post June-planting period (June-October). Total plant weight of June-planted alyceclover was lower due to flowering and leaf loss in the later part of the 16-wk post-planting period. These data indicate that the lower early-season DM yield of Savanna style compared with alyceclover is not due to physiological differences associated with perennial and annual growth habits. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,AREC,FT PIERCE,FL 34954. RP Williams, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,22271 CHINSEGUT HILL RD,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34601, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1216 EP 1220 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA TL690 UT WOS:A1995TL69000030 ER PT J AU DANKA, RG RINDERER, TE KUZNETSOV, VN DELATTE, GT AF DANKA, RG RINDERER, TE KUZNETSOV, VN DELATTE, GT TI A USDA-ARS PROJECT TO EVALUATE RESISTANCE TO VARROA-JACOBSONI BY HONEY-BEES OF FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP DANKA, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 135 IS 11 BP 746 EP 748 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TC126 UT WOS:A1995TC12600014 ER EF